London, UK

When our ancient ancestors left Africa more than 50,000 years ago, they encountered Neanderthals who already shared some of their genes. Today, we are the only surviving species of humans worldwide, but the past was different. About 400,000 years ago, while our Homo sapiens ancestors lived in East Africa, Neanderthals thrived in Eurasia. Travelling on foot meant these populations were separated by vast distances.

Advertisment

Who Were the Neanderthals?

Neanderthals were a species of ancient humans who lived in Eurasia, distinct from our Homo sapiens ancestors who originated in Africa. They coexisted with early Homo sapiens for thousands of years.

Also read | Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here's what it means

Advertisment

Genetic Legacy

 The sequencing of the Neanderthal genome in 2010 uncovered significant evidence of interbreeding between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. This genetic exchange has left a lasting imprint in the DNA of modern non-African populations, offering crucial insights into human evolution and the emergence of diverse genetic traits.

Also read | Majority of lung cancer patients in India are non-smokers, startling study reveals

Advertisment

The question of what led to the eventual disappearance of Neanderthals, shortly after Homo sapiens arrived in their territories, remains a subject of debate among scientists. Some theories suggest direct competition, while others propose more complex scenarios involving cultural exchanges and environmental pressures.

Recent studies have explored not only how Neanderthals influenced modern human genetics but also how much Homo sapiens DNA is present in Neanderthal genomes. This reciprocal gene flow highlights the dynamic interactions between these ancient human groups.

Also read | James Webb Telescope unveils breathtaking image of merging galaxies

Ongoing research into African genetic diversity aims to uncover more about early human migration patterns, including potential movements back to Africa after encounters with Neanderthals. These studies promise to deepen our understanding of our shared evolutionary history.

(With inputs from agencies)