Do you know why 38 SpaceX satellites crashed in 2022? Indian scientists say...
SpaceX satellites (Representative image)
Satellites can be affected by space weather - the various conditions and phenomena in space that can impact satellite operations. It could be geomagnetic storms, caused by fluctuations in the solar wind, which is a stream of charged particles emitted by the Sun, or it could be atmospheric drag. Notably, increased atmospheric density at satellite altitudes can cause additional drag on satellites and can change their orbits.
This happens even as satellites are designed to withstand the harsh conditions of space. In one such incident in February 2022, a spectacular display of fiery trails in the sky puzzled observers worldwide. It was initially mistaken for a meteor shower. However, it turned out to be a fleet of 38 SpaceX satellites, part of the Starlink constellation which met a fiery end days after its launch.
The cause behind this dramatic downfall was explored in a recent study published in the journal Space Weather by the American Geophysical Union. Led by researchers from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, in collaboration with NASA and Predictive Sciences Inc, the study explored the impact of space weather on satellite operations in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
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While the crash of the Starlink satellites now appears to be linked to space weather.
New investigation into crash
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This led the research team to conduct a probe. They made use ofobservations surrounding near-Earth environmental conditions, solar magnetic storms, and advanced computer simulations.
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Their analysis uncovered a web of factors contributing to the satellite crash. This included the space weather conditions at the time, the satellites' insertion into a high-density LEO, and the potential increase in drag. The changes in the orientation of the satellites due to drag was exacerbated by a high drag-to-inertia ratio.
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The dependence of humanity on satellite technology continues to soar. With this, it becomes important to unravel such mysteries to ensure the reliability of crucial infrastructure in space.
(With inputs from agencies)