Why anti-vaxxers are rushing to buy fake COVID-19 jab certificates in Russia

Anti-vaxxers andvaccine sceptics are rushing to get fake coronavirus jab certificates in Russia whereinoculations have becomemandatory.

Russians are finding dealers online hawking fake vaccine certificates and sending them theirpersonal details over encrypted messenger Telegram and transferring15,000 rubles ($200 or 175 euros) as payment.

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Later when they login toRussia's government services portal to find a certificate showing theyhavereceived both doses of the country's homegrown Sputnik V vaccine,without ever having been jabbed.

Russialast August stoked concerns over Sputnik V by registering the vaccine ahead of large-scale clinical trials, but international experts have since declared it safe and effective.

Many Russians are nonetheless wary, with some 60 percent saying they do not plan to be inoculated, according to independent polling.

That sentiment has helped foster a black market on Telegram and Russian darknet forums where dozens of dealers are claiming to sell fake jab certificates and even falsified registration on the government's vaccination database.

While some clients complain of being defrauded, others have left reviews saying everything went as planned.

Moscow last week ordered mandatory vaccinations for service industry workers, after only about a million of its 12 million residents got shots in the six months they were available.A host of other Russian regions followed suit.

Restaurant-goers in Moscow will also need to show proof of vaccination or previous infection starting from June 28, and further restrictive measures are expected as authorities move from persuasion to coercion in a bid to get more Russians vaccinated.

Moscow authorities say the measures are working, with some 60,000 people per day, 10 times more than before, now signing up for vaccination appointments.

But one seller on a darknet forum, speaking on condition of anonymity, said that 20 to 30 orders for fake certificates were coming in daily.

"I'm getting asked to vaccinate whole companies," the seller boasted in an exchange on Telegram.

At the low end of the black market, Russians can get a paper booklet certifying they were vaccinated for 2,000 rubles ($28, 23 euros).

At the top end, for 30,000 rubles ($400, 350 euros) middlemen say they can get a medical worker to pour out vaccine doses and upload falsified medical records to the government portal.

'Jab down the drain'

That's hardly difficult to imagine, said Pavel Brand, the director of a chain of family clinics in Moscow, pointing to doubts amongRussia's medical workers about vaccines.

This spring, a survey by the independent Levada Centre showed that 31 percent of Russian doctors did not trust Sputnik V and 23 percent did not plan to be inoculated against Covid.

Authorities are moving to crack down on the black market, with Moscow police opening two dozen criminal cases into "the manufacture and sale of fictitious certificates" and announcing three arrests this week.

The black market is just part of a much bigger problem that has seen only 16.2 million ofRussia's 146 million people fully vaccinated -- deep-seated distrust in the country's vaccine-producing capabilities.

Alexei, a 47-year-old IT professional who purchased a certificate for a friend working in the service industry, said he and the friend are not anti-vaxxers.

"I would probably still prefer to be vaccinated, but with an imported vaccine," he said in an exchange on a darknet forum.

Brand said that sentiment stems from a broader belief that anything foreign-produced -- from an automobile to a vaccine -- is likely to be better.

Russia's bureaucratic medical apparatus has also made people adept at finding workarounds, he added, a legacy of a cumbersome Soviet system.

The black market is only one way to get around vaccinating, and there are other "much simpler" methods, said Brand.

"People just go to the clinic and give a certain nurse money" to dispose of vaccine doses and make a false registration, he said.

The method,so widespread inRussiathat it is known as "jab down the drain", has been used for years by nurses with mothers hesitant to vaccinate their children, Brand said.

(With inputs from agencies)