US: COVID-19 vaccine produces antibodies in mice, guinea pigs

USimmunotherapy company Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc said on Wednesday its experimentalvaccineto prevent coronavirus infection produced protective antibodies and immune system responses inmiceandguineapigs.

"We saw antibody responses that do many of the things we would want to see in an eventualvaccine," said Dr. David Weiner, director of thevaccineand immunotherapy center at the Wistar Institute, which has collaborated with Inovio.

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"We are able to target things that would prevent the virus from having a safe harbor in the body."

The company's shares, which have more than quadrupled this year on hopes of itsvaccineworking, surged another 18 per centto $15.77 early trading.

There are currently no approved treatments orvaccines for COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus, with governments, drugmakers and researchers working on around 100vaccineprograms.

Experts predict a safe and effectivevaccinecould take 12 to 18 months to develop.

Inovio began human testing of itsvaccinein April. Many other drugmakers including Moderna Inc, Pfizer Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi and AstraZeneca Plc are also in various stages ofvaccinedevelopment.

On Monday, Moderna said its experimental COVID-19vaccineproduced protective antibodies in a small group of healthy volunteers, according to very early data, putting it at the front in the race.

Inovio said preliminary results from its human trial are expected in June. The 40 healthy participants in the Phase 1 trial are given two shots, four weeks apart, of thevaccine, called INO-4800, and then followed for two weeks.

"We are already seeing safety data and it has been benign," Dr. Katherine Broderick, head of research and development at Inovio, told Reuters. "Some people have slight redness of the arm."

Both Moderna and Inovio are using newer technology that focuses on specific genes on the outer "spike" portion of the virus.

Inovio'svaccinewas designed using its DNA medicine platform, while Moderna'svaccineuses messenger RNA (mRNA) technology. Both companies have no approved drug in the market.

Inovio has been severely criticized by Citron Research, with the short seller slapping a target price of $2 on the company's stock.

Once the preliminary data is in, Inovio expects to approach the USFood and Drug Administration for authorization to move into a Phase 2/3 trial, which could happen in July or August.

Inovio said the latest animal study results, published in the journal Nature Communications, validate its DNA medicines platform.

It plans to test thevaccinein larger animals including rabbits and monkeys, and undertake "challenge" studies inmice, ferrets and monkeys, Broderick said.

"Challenge" studies involve intentionally giving the virus to an animal and then seeing if thevaccineprevents infection.

Inovio'svaccineefforts are funded by a global coalition and the company has said it can manufacture 1 million doses by the end of the year for additional trials and emergency use.