The next era of lunar exploration could see NASA and ISRO working more closely as the United States looks to expand its presence on the Moon.

NASA wants future lunar exploration to become bigger, faster and more cost-efficient, with ambitious plans for a sustained human presence and a potential base on the Moon. India’s space agency ISRO could play an important role in this new phase of lunar exploration.

India has already demonstrated its growing capabilities in lunar missions, making ISRO an increasingly important partner in international space exploration.

From cost-effective technology to successful lunar missions, India’s space programme has attracted global attention. The potential NASA-ISRO partnership could open a new chapter in the race to establish a long-term human presence on the Moon.

Cheap, Fast, Successful: Why NASA Wants Isro on the Moon  | GRAVITAS 

Scientists have captured the most detailed images ever taken of the Sun's surface, revealing extraordinary patterns and powerful activity hidden from Earth. Using the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope in Hawaii, researchers observed rare swirling structures linked to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.

The discovery was made while testing the telescope's advanced capabilities, surprising scientists who described the images as unlike anything they had seen before. These observations could help researchers better understand how the Sun works, its changing activity, and its impact on Earth.

Scientists Capture Unprecedented Images of Sun's Surface | Never-Before-Seen Solar Activity Revealed

India has achieved a historic milestone in space exploration as Skyroot Aerospace successfully launched Vikram-1, the country's first privately developed orbital rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The successful liftoff marks a major breakthrough for India's rapidly growing private space industry following the government's space sector reforms. The four-stage Vikram-1 rocket completed key mission objectives, including successful ignition, stage separation, and payload fairing separation, while carrying multiple payloads toward orbit. The mission places India among leading nations encouraging private participation in space launches and commercial space exploration.

Skyroot Aerospace launches Vikram-1, India’s first private orbital rocket, successfully lifts off

In 2026, Voyager 1, the farthest human-made object in space, is set to achieve a historic milestone: it will be 1 light day away from Earth, roughly 16 billion miles into interstellar space. 

What is '1 light day from Earth' and how NASA’s Voyager 1 is still taking orders from so far away

The discovery of 3I/ATLAS, the third confirmed interstellar object to pass through our Solar System, has sent ripples through the global space defence community. 

7 reasons why 3I/ATLAS could challenge current asteroid deflection plans

The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is a cosmic anomaly moving at unprecedented speeds. If it had been on a collision course with Earth, experts say its impact could surpass the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

7 reasons why 3I/ATLAS could have posed a greater threat than dinosaur-killing asteroid

The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS isn’t just a scientific curiosity. Its extreme speed, unpredictable path, and unusual behaviour pose challenges for military monitoring, early-warning systems, and global defence strategies against potential space threats.

7 reasons why 3I/ATLAS's high-speed trajectory has military implications

The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is more than just a comet, it’s a warning from the cosmos. Its unusual trajectory, size, and characteristics highlight the need for global defence agencies to rethink space monitoring, preparedness, and rapid-response strategies.

7 reason why 3I/ATLAS is a cosmic wake-up call for global defence agencies

In Hinduism, the seven celestial bodies such as Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn are revered as Navagrahas, each representing divine forces that influence human life, destiny, and spiritual energy according to Vedic astrology.

'Gods in Hinduism': 7 planets and space objects that are worshipped on Earth! Know their significance

The Manhattan-sized interstellar object 3I/ATLAS has baffled scientists with its unusual trajectory, massive size, and strange acceleration. Some researchers, including Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb, suggest it could be a technologically advanced alien probe.

7 reason why scientists believe 3I/ATLAS comet could be an alien mothership?

The mysterious interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS has captured the attention of astronomers worldwide.

5 countries tracking 3I/ATLAS comet from Earth

As the mysterious interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS speeds through our Solar System, social media has been buzzing with theories, some scientific, others… not so much. 

5 countries where alien invasion rumours about 3I/ATLAS went viral

Home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes, Chile’s Atacama Desert also offers crystal-clear skies for naked-eye astronomy. 

10 countries best positioned to view 3I/ATLAS with the naked eye

A high-speed impact would eject massive amounts of dust and debris into the atmosphere. This could block sunlight for weeks or months, disrupting agriculture and potentially causing “impact winters.” Temperature drops, acid rain, and blocked sunlight could affect ecosystems globally.

'Brace for impact': What would happen if 3I/ATLAS comet actually hits Earth?

3I/ATLAS was identified in 2024 by the ATLAS survey in Hawaii. Preliminary data suggests it has a hyperbolic orbit, confirming its interstellar origin. 

Alien spaceship? Understanding how '3I/ATLAS' compares to 'Oumuamua and Borisov

Speculation about alien origins intensified because 3I/ATLAS, like ‘Oumuamua, follows a hyperbolic orbit, meaning it isn’t bound to our Sun.

Will aliens invade Earth on October 29? Here’s what scientists are saying about 3I/ATLAS

Are we alone? Here are 10 space missions that could uncover signs of alien life by 2030:

Top 10 space missions that could reveal alien life by 2030

Several private companies, with help from NASA, are building new space stations to take over after the ISS retires. These stations may be ready in a few years, hosting astronauts and even tourists. Here’s what we know so far.

Can private companies build the next space station?

The firewall helps scientists understand how our solar system interacts with interstellar space. Voyager’s data on plasma density and magnetic fields gives clues about how stars protect their planets.

‘50,000°C firewall’: How Voyager fights the invisible shield protecting our solar system

A comet is fast approaching Earth and can easily be termed not "once-in-a-lifetime", but once in "multiple" lifetimes. Its last visit to Earth was in the year 629, which makes it a must-watch for stargazing enthusiasts. <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/five-comets-are-racing-towards-earth-when-to-see-them-perihelion-distance-and-other-details-1755841480222">Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon)</a> is an iconic comet of sorts since it pays us a rare visit. It was discovered by scientists using the telescope at Mt. Lemmon, Arizona, on January 3, 2025. Since then, multiple observations have been made to study its point of origin, components and trajectory. Scientists have determined that it is not a new comet and has been to the solar system before. Its orbit shows that it orbits the sun in 1,396 years, which means its previous trip to our system and near Earth was in the year 629. Stargazing enthusiasts would not want to miss it since its next visit will happen in the year 3421.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/6-word-message-humans-should-send-interstellar-mothership-as-per-harvard-scientist-1755588175737">A message in Morse: Humans should reach out to interstellar 'mothership', scientist says</a><h2>When will Comet Lemmon reach Earth?</h2>Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is currently in the constellation of Gemini, around 346,951,344.8 kilometres from Earth. It is racing towards the inner solar system and will reach perihelion, or closest point to the Sun, on November 8, 2025. But before that, it will pass by our planet on October 21. The best way to view it would be from a place where there is the least light pollution. The good news is that it is brightening as it approaches us. Also, it is in the sunset sky, which will make spotting it easier. Astronomers observing the comet have reported that it has brightened quickly over the last month, having moved rapidly to magnitude 11 from 16.5. A lower score denotes that the comet is getting brighter. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/scientist-claims-mystery-interstellar-object-is-here-to-test-human-intelligence-and-we-have-already-failed-here-s-why-1755585246596">Scientist claims mystery interstellar object is here to test human intelligence, and we have already failed. Here's why</a><h2>How bright will Comet Lemmon be, and how to see it?</h2>Assuming that Comet Lemmon will continue with the pattern, it might reach a magnitude of 4 or 5 by the time it comes near Earth, according to Japanese comet expert Seiichi Yoshida. At this scale, people in the darker areas might not even be able to see it with the naked eye. However, comets can quickly change how they present, with explosions sometimes occurring on them. Remember the devil comet? Researchers will continue to keep a watch on the comet to see how it behaves in the coming weeks. If it even reaches a magnitude 7.5, a small telescope might be all you need to see the wandering visitor.

Stargazing guide: Comet Lemmon is back after 1,396 years. Astronomy enthusiasts will have the opportunity to see a comet that last visited us in the year 629. Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) will next visit Earth in the year 3421. Comet Lemmon: closest point to Earth, date, how to see it and other details

A comet is fast approaching Earth and can easily be termed not "once-in-a-lifetime", but once in "multiple" lifetimes. Its last visit to Earth was in the year 629, which makes it a must-watch for stargazing enthusiasts. Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is an iconic comet of sorts since it pays us a rare visit. It was discovered by scientists using the telescope at Mt. Lemmon, Arizona, on January 3, 2025. Since then, multiple observations have been made to study its point of origin, components and trajectory. Scientists have determined that it is not a new comet and has been to the solar system before. Its orbit shows that it orbits the sun in 1,396 years, which means its previous trip to our system and near Earth was in the year 629. Stargazing enthusiasts would not want to miss it since its next visit will happen in the year 3421. Also Read: A message in Morse: Humans should reach out to interstellar 'mothership', scientist says When will Comet Lemmon reach Earth? Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is currently in the constellation of Gemini, around 346,951,344.8 kilometres from Earth. It is racing towards the inner solar system and will reach perihelion, or closest point to the Sun, on November 8, 2025. But before that, it will pass by our planet on October 21. The best way to view it would be from a place where there is the least light pollution. The good news is that it is brightening as it approaches us. Also, it is in the sunset sky, which will make spotting it easier. Astronomers observing the comet have reported that it has brightened quickly over the last month, having moved rapidly to magnitude 11 from 16.5. A lower score denotes that the comet is getting brighter. Also Read: Scientist claims mystery interstellar object is here to test human intelligence, and we have already failed. Here's why How bright will Comet Lemmon be, and how to see it? Assuming that Comet Lemmon will continue with the pattern, it might reach a magnitude of 4 or 5 by the time it comes near Earth, according to Japanese comet expert Seiichi Yoshida. At this scale, people in the darker areas might not even be able to see it with the naked eye. However, comets can quickly change how they present, with explosions sometimes occurring on them. Remember the devil comet? Researchers will continue to keep a watch on the comet to see how it behaves in the coming weeks. If it even reaches a magnitude 7.5, a small telescope might be all you need to see the wandering visitor.

Details about Comet Lemmon: C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is fast approaching Earth. Stargazers are in for a treat as this comet is visiting us after 1,396 years, and won't be here again until the year 3421. When will Comet Lemmon be closest to Earth, and how can you see it?

Stargazing JACKPOT: Once-in-MULTIPLE-lifetimes comet is hurtling towards Earth. Here's when you can see it

Scientists have confirmed that a signal detected by the KM3NeT detector in 2023 was indeed a cosmic neutrino. Initially, it was believed to be a glitch since it is almost impossible to detect neutrinos. These particles neither have any mass nor an electric charge, and they hardly ever interact with other particles. But KM3NeT, located deep under the Mediterranean Sea, detected a faint signal in February that year, which was determined to be a neutrino with a record-shattering energy of 220 petaelectronvolts (PeV). How was that possible? Researchers have since been analysing the particle and are sure that it was a neutrino. They are also known as ghost particles since they move around us, and even through us, without ever being noticed. Data and analysis support the assumption that the KM3-230213A signal was caused by a 220-PeV neutrino. But now another mystery has cropped up, about its origin. Scientists are almost sure that the neutrino came from deep space. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/underwater-volcano-oregon-axial-seamount-2025-eruption-1755365602754">Could a 1-km-deep under-water volcano trigger a disaster? showing signs of imminent eruption</a>&nbsp;Despite being hard to detect, neutrinos are the most abundant particle in the universe. When stars merge or die in a supernova, an abundance of neutrinos is created. Even though a lack of physical character makes neutrinos tough to find, sometimes they crash into another particle, creating a burst of muons and photons, particles of light. This triggers a faint glow that some detectors can pick up. The same thing happened with KM3NeT. Set up at a depth of 11,320 feet under the ocean, the detector sits in a pitch-dark environment. Here, a neutrino smacking into a particle would shine like a beacon. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/beast-s-eye-in-space-object-spewing-particles-at-earth-was-a-mystery-a-photo-has-revealed-it-was-1755162882499">Beast's eye in space: Object spewing particles at Earth was a mystery. A photo has revealed it is...</a>&nbsp;<h2>Only 1 in 100 chance of detecting a neutrino</h2>When the neutrino smacked into Earth in 2023, scientists didn't believe it was a neutrino event since nothing like this had ever been detected by other detectors in operation for longer than KM3NeT. This includes IceCube and Auger, which have swept regions for ultra-high-energy neutrinos, but have never seen one. Researchers think that "the neutrino observed by KM3NeT is the first such neutrino observed," as stated in the KM3Net collaboration. They inferred that even though there is “a rather low probability” of something like this happening, “approximately 1 in 100,” KM3NeT has definitely picked up a neutrino event. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/signal-from-the-early-universe-radio-burst-travels-10-billion-years-to-reach-earth-1755065679461">Signal from the early universe: Radio burst travels 10 billion years to reach Earth. It came from a...</a>&nbsp;This discovery has also led scientists to think about the newer sources of neutrinos in the universe. KM3-230213A suggests a new component or process that produces ultra-high-energy neutrinos could be present in the universe that blasted out the neutrino. "This is relevant because it is expected that such a new component would arise at ultra-high energies, due to cosmogenic neutrinos," those produced when cosmic rays interact with "the first observable light of the Universe emitted about 13.8 billion years ago." It is also possible that "a new population of astrophysical objects emitting ultra-high-energy neutrinos" is present somewhere in the universe. However, they are sure that it did not originate in the Milky Way, but came from an extreme distance. &nbsp;

A “ghost particle” was detected by an object located 11,320 feet under the ocean in 2023. This was the first time something like this was observed on Earth. Scientists think it originated in deep space and likely from the first light of the universe, or a new form of cosmic object.

Scientists have confirmed that a signal detected by the KM3NeT detector in 2023 was indeed a cosmic neutrino. Initially, it was believed to be a glitch since it is almost impossible to detect neutrinos. These particles neither have any mass nor an electric charge, and they hardly ever interact with other particles. But KM3NeT, located deep under the Mediterranean Sea, detected a faint signal in February that year, which was determined to be a neutrino with a record-shattering energy of 220 petaelectronvolts (PeV). How was that possible? Researchers have since been analysing the particle and are sure that it was a neutrino. They are also known as ghost particles since they move around us, and even through us, without ever being noticed. Data and analysis support the assumption that the KM3-230213A signal was caused by a 220-PeV neutrino. But now another mystery has cropped up, about its origin. Scientists are almost sure that the neutrino came from deep space. Also Read: Could a 1-km-deep under-water volcano trigger a disaster? showing signs of imminent eruption Despite being hard to detect, neutrinos are the most abundant particle in the universe. When stars merge or die in a supernova, an abundance of neutrinos is created. Even though a lack of physical character makes neutrinos tough to find, sometimes they crash into another particle, creating a burst of muons and photons, particles of light. This triggers a faint glow that some detectors can pick up. The same thing happened with KM3NeT. Set up at a depth of 11,320 feet under the ocean, the detector sits in a pitch-dark environment. Here, a neutrino smacking into a particle would shine like a beacon. Also Read: Beast's eye in space: Object spewing particles at Earth was a mystery. A photo has revealed it is... Only 1 in 100 chance of detecting a neutrino When the neutrino smacked into Earth in 2023, scientists didn't believe it was a neutrino event since nothing like this had ever been detected by other detectors in operation for longer than KM3NeT. This includes IceCube and Auger, which have swept regions for ultra-high-energy neutrinos, but have never seen one. Researchers think that "the neutrino observed by KM3NeT is the first such neutrino observed," as stated in the KM3Net collaboration. They inferred that even though there is “a rather low probability” of something like this happening, “approximately 1 in 100,” KM3NeT has definitely picked up a neutrino event. Also Read: Signal from the early universe: Radio burst travels 10 billion years to reach Earth. It came from a... This discovery has also led scientists to think about the newer sources of neutrinos in the universe. KM3-230213A suggests a new component or process that produces ultra-high-energy neutrinos could be present in the universe that blasted out the neutrino. "This is relevant because it is expected that such a new component would arise at ultra-high energies, due to cosmogenic neutrinos," those produced when cosmic rays interact with "the first observable light of the Universe emitted about 13.8 billion years ago." It is also possible that "a new population of astrophysical objects emitting ultra-high-energy neutrinos" is present somewhere in the universe. However, they are sure that it did not originate in the Milky Way, but came from an extreme distance.

A “ghost particle” was detected by an object located 11,320 feet under the ocean in 2023. This was the first time something like this was observed on Earth. Scientists think it originated in deep space and likely from the first light of the universe, or a new form of cosmic object.

Glitch 11,320 feet below the ocean? Scientists say 'ghost particle' from deep space crashed into Earth

Curiously, Punctum can’t be seen in optical or X-ray light. It only reveals itself in millimetre radio wavelengths, a rarity for such a bright and compact source. This makes it invisible to most space observatories, leaving ALMA as the only instrument currently able to detect it.

Alien spaceship? Scientists detect a mysterious cosmic object unlike anything seen before

When ‘Oumuamua passed through our solar system in 2017, it didn’t just surprise astronomers, it puzzled them. Unlike any asteroid or comet we’ve ever observed, it had strange features and behaviours that sparked intense debate.Untitled Summary

What makes ‘Oumuamua different from any other space rock we’ve seen

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced the launch of its 100th mission from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in January 2025.
According to Chairman S Somanath, ISRO will use its Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to launch the second-generation navigation satellite NVS-02.&nbsp;
This milestone follows the successful launch of PSLV-C60 mission on December 30, 2024.
It deployed two spacecraft for the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) into a circular orbit around the Earth.&nbsp;
<h2>Previous Launches&nbsp;</h2>
The PSLV-C60 launch, initially scheduled for 9:58 PM, was delayed to 10:00 PM to ensure optimal separation from other satellites in orbit.&nbsp;
Earlier in May, the GSLV-F12 successfully deployed the NVS-01 satellite, marking the first of the second-generation satellites designed for the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-tech/nasa-introduces-new-mars-helicopter-design-following-ingenuitys-success-8580942">NASA introduces new Mars helicopter design following Ingenuity's success</a>
<h2>NVS-02</h2>
NVS-02 will be the ninth satellite in the navigation with Indian constellation. The launch will have two kinds of payloads: navigational and ranging, just like its predecessor, NVS-01.
The navigational payload will transmit signals to Earth.&nbsp;
It transmits signals by using three spectrum bands: L1, L5, and S.
It includes a Rubidium atomic clock to ensure precise timing. These clocks measure one second by counting the oscillations of rubidium-87 atoms and are accurate enough to maintain time within a one-second deviation over 100 million years. &nbsp;
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-successfully-launches-pslv-spadex-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-key-space-docking-mission-8579030">ISRO successfully launches PSLV SpaDex: All you need to know about the space&nbsp;docking&nbsp;mission</a>
The ranging payload features a transponder that enables navigation satellites to send time-stamped signals to ground-based receivers.
These signals are processed by end-users to determine their exact position, speed and time.
This system ensures continuous and reliable service regardless of Earth's weather conditions.
(With inputs from agencies)
&nbsp;

Science & Tech: The mission will utilise the Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle or GSLV, to deploy the navigation satellite NVS-02, enhancing India's navigation capabilities.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced the launch of its 100th mission from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in January 2025. According to Chairman S Somanath, ISRO will use its Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to launch the second-generation navigation satellite NVS-02. This milestone follows the successful launch of PSLV-C60 mission on December 30, 2024. It deployed two spacecraft for the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) into a circular orbit around the Earth. Previous Launches The PSLV-C60 launch, initially scheduled for 9:58 PM, was delayed to 10:00 PM to ensure optimal separation from other satellites in orbit. Earlier in May, the GSLV-F12 successfully deployed the NVS-01 satellite, marking the first of the second-generation satellites designed for the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system. Also read: NASA introduces new Mars helicopter design following Ingenuity's success NVS-02 NVS-02 will be the ninth satellite in the navigation with Indian constellation. The launch will have two kinds of payloads: navigational and ranging, just like its predecessor, NVS-01. The navigational payload will transmit signals to Earth. It transmits signals by using three spectrum bands: L1, L5, and S. It includes a Rubidium atomic clock to ensure precise timing. These clocks measure one second by counting the oscillations of rubidium-87 atoms and are accurate enough to maintain time within a one-second deviation over 100 million years. Also read: ISRO successfully launches PSLV SpaDex: All you need to know about the space docking mission The ranging payload features a transponder that enables navigation satellites to send time-stamped signals to ground-based receivers. These signals are processed by end-users to determine their exact position, speed and time. This system ensures continuous and reliable service regardless of Earth's weather conditions. (With inputs from agencies)

ISRO to launch 100th mission on-board GSLV in January