Pre-election silence period in India: What happens 48 hours before polls?

As the electoral clock ticks down to the final moments before voters cast their ballots on April 19, a "silence period" or pre-election silence, is observed for the 48-hour window giving a respite from the flurry of campaign activities and ensuring voters can reflect on their choices without influence. Enshrined within the Representation of the People Act, 1951, Sections 126, 126A, and 135C mandate a cessation of all election-related activities during the silence period. The Election Commission of India (ECI) issues notifications to enforce these provisions and safeguard the integrity of the electoral process.

The Election Commission by the Media Certification & Monitoring Committee, diligently monitors compliance with electoral regulations. Citizens can report violations through the cVIGIL mobile application and can contribute to the maintenance of electoral integrity.

Here's a breakdown of what takes place during this time:

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Prohibited activities

1. Liquor sales - The sale or distribution of alcohol within polling areas is strictly forbidden. If someone still engages in this activity there are penalties of imprisonment of up to six months and/or a fine of up to Rs 2,000.

2. Public meetings - Gathering for public meetings, processions, or entertainment events in order to swayvoters is prohibited. Violators face potential imprisonment ofup to two years and/or a fine.

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3. Media engagement - Candidates and political entities are barred from addressing the media through press conferences or interviews. It ensures a blackout on this kind of election-related discourse and "any violation of this may lead to imprisonment of up to two years and/or a fine."

4. Advertisements - Advertisements must be clearly distinguished from news content, with stringent regulations governing their dissemination across platforms. Social media giants like Google are required to verify political ads to prevent undue influence.

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5. Press Responsibilities - Media outlets are tasked with providing objective coverage and refraining from promoting animosity or biased narratives. Scrutiny by the Media Certification & Monitoring Committee is done to thwart the dissemination of "paid news".

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6. Online Platforms - Social media intermediaries must adhere to a "Voluntary Code of Ethics" and curb unfair practices and promote electoral awareness.

7. Loudspeakers - The use of loudspeakers is suspended during the silence period. "After the 48 hours are over, proper permissions from the District Administration have to be taken to use them again," as per the ECI.

8. Poll Surveys - Opinion polls and exit polls are prohibited from publication. It ensures impartiality and avoids undue influence on voter sentiment.

(With inputs from agencies)