It takes approximately 50 minutes to fully reload an S-400 launcher, though highly trained crews can reduce this to 30 minutes. The process requires a specialised 22T6 transloader crane, creating a dangerous vulnerability window during combat.

How long does it take to reload an S-400 launcher?

From Muttiah Muralitharan to Malcolm Marshall, here's a look at top five bowlers fastest to take 300 wickets in Test cricket. This list also includes Ravichandran Ashwin, Dennis Lillee and Richard Hadlee

Meet top 5 bowlers fastest to 300 Test wickets

To intercept an ICBM, an S-400 missile would need to exceed Mach 20 (24,000 km/h) to catch the hypersonic re-entry vehicle. The current 40N6E missile peaks at Mach 14, forcing Russia to build the S-500 Prometheus for true intercontinental defence.

How fast would an S-400 missile need to be to intercept an ICBM?

An ICBM is significantly faster than any S-400 missile. Strategic ICBMs reach staggering velocities of Mach 20 to Mach 25 (30,000 km/h) in space, easily outpacing the S-400's fastest interceptor, the 40N6E, which peaks at Mach 14 (17,000 km/h).

ICBM vs S-400 missile: Which one is actually faster?

The S-400's famous 400-km range only applies to aircraft. Against ballistic missiles, its protection envelope shrinks to a 60-km radius (11,300 sq km) due to the extreme speed of incoming threats, forcing it into a strict point-defence role.

How much territory could an S-400 actually protect from a ballistic missile?

'Like oil and water': Alien oceans on Saturn's moon could be hiding signs of life

Detecting Life 

Distinct Layers

Life’s Chemical Signatures

Sampling Challenges

Vertical Mixing

Search for Life

Ocean Physics

A recent study published on February 6, 2025, in Communications Earth and Environment, reveals how the unique physics of Enceladus' ocean could make it more difficult to detect signs of life in its waters.

'Artificial solar eclipse': NASA to launch PUNCH mission via SpaceX' Falcon rocket this month

Launch on February 27

PUNCH's Dual Focus

Satellite Constellation

Innovative Technology

Artificial Solar Eclipse

Solar Wind in 3D

Space Weather Forecasting

NASA's new mission, Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH), is scheduled to launch on February 27 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. 

Countdown begins! ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-4 in 2027, Samudrayaan in 2026 and Gaganyaan in 2025

Mission Set for 2027

Mission Components

Gaganyaan Mission

Samudrayaan Mission

Economic Benefits

India’s Space Economy

Space Infrastructure

India will launch the Chandrayaan-4 mission in 2027, with plans to collect samples of moon rocks and bring them back to Earth, announced Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh. 

Countdown begins! ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-4 in 2027, Samudrayaan and Gaganyaan in 2026

International Space Station to be visible from India tonight! Here’s how to spot it on time

Mumbai and Pune

Best Time

Where to Look

 Viewing Conditions

Duration of Visibility 

Chance to see Astronauts

Capturing the Moment 

Residents of Mumbai and Pune will have the opportunity to see the International Space Station (ISS) with the naked eye as it moves across the night sky. The station, which orbits Earth at over 28,000 km/h, will be visible under clear weather conditions.


International Space Station to be visible from India tonight! Here’s when and how to spot it

'Project Phoenix': How the biggest alien search project still inspires science today?

Project Phoenix

Funding Cut and Private Revival 

Listening for Signals

Parkes Observatory

Signal Detection 

Legacy and Continued Efforts 

Future of SETI

In February 1995, the SETI Institute launched Project Phoenix, an extensive search for extraterrestrial life. The first observations were conducted at Parkes Observatory in Australia, marking the beginning of one of the most comprehensive SETI efforts.


'Project Phoenix': How the biggest alien search project still inspires science today

'Silver mountain': NASA's Perseverance rover collects 26th rock sample on Mars

Unusual Rock Sample 

Sample Sealed

Mission Goals

Sample Return

Jezero Crater

Distance Covered

NASA Sample Missions

NASA's Perseverance rover has gathered its 26th rock sample from Mars' Jezero Crater. The sample, nicknamed "Silver Mountain," has textures not seen in previous collections.

Will Donald Trump declassify American UFO and alien secrets? This lawmaker thinks it's possible

 Possible UFO Disclosure

Continued Advocacy

Trump’s Stance

Potential Impact 

Benefits and Risks

Growing Public Interest

What Comes Next?

Rep. Tim Burchett suggested in a recent interview that President Donald Trump might declassify UFO-related documents, sparking renewed discussions on government transparency regarding unidentified aerial phenomena.


Planetary Parade February 2025: Location, date, time and more

Shreyas Iyer

Venus

Saturn

Jupiter

Mars

Mercury-Saturn Conjunction

Uranus and Neptune

Throughout February, five of the brightest planets—Venus, Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, and Saturn—will be visible in the evening sky. By late February, viewers with an unobstructed horizon may see all five stretching across the sky simultaneously.


‘Planet-killer’: Scientists flag massive asteroid racing towards Earth! Will it collide?

Potential Impact

Initial Detection

Potential Impact Zones

City-Killer

Immediate Threat

Divert the Asteroid

 Preparedness and Reassurance

A newly discovered asteroid, 2024 YR4, has been flagged by astronomers due to its potential to collide with Earth. Currently, the asteroid has a 1.6% chance of impacting Earth on December 22, 2032.

AI capable of predicting massive solar storms before they hit Earth: Study

Unpredictable Nature 

Coronal Mass Ejections

Machine Learning

AI’s Role

Impressive Prediction Accuracy

Better Forecasts

The Sun, often perceived as a stable entity, is in fact a constantly changing mass of plasma influenced by its magnetic field. Solar physicists face challenges in predicting the Sun's activities.

'Rs 13,415 crore': ISRO gets budget boost as India lines up major space missions

Increased Budget Allocation 

Capital Outlay

Key ISRO Centres 

Public-Private Collaboration 

Upcoming Space Missions 

Space Technology in Governance 

Industry Response 

The Union Budget 2025-26 has allocated ₹13,415.20 crore to the Department of Space, up from ₹13,042.75 crore in the previous year. The increased funding aims to support ongoing and upcoming space projects.


'Can't remember how to walk': Why NASA's Sunita Williams is losing basic human movements in space

Challenges in Space 

Zero Gravity 

Extended Space Mission

Microgravity

Lack of Physical Activity

Space Environment

Psychological Impact

Rehabilitation Challenges

Astronaut Sunita Williams, who has been in space for eight months, said that she has lost the ability to perform basic tasks, including walking.


NASA thought it discovered a mysterious object! Turns out it’s just Elon Musk’s Tesla on a space trip

Tesla Roadster 

Misidentifications

Lack of Transparency

Increasing Space Activity

Potential Risks

Centralised Tracking System

Transparency

On January 2, astronomers identified an object as asteroid 2018 CN41, but later confirmed to be Elon Musk’s Tesla Roadster, launched in 2018 aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. 

James Webb killer? NASA to launch $488 million 'SphereX' space telescope in February

SPHEREx

Infrared Survey

Scientific Objectives

Heat Management

Technical Specifications

Data Collection

Collaboration

NASA’s SPHEREx space telescope is scheduled to launch on or after February 27, 2025, aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.

How Union Budget 2025 can bridge structural gaps in India's space sector

Union Budget 2025

Sustaining Momentum

Declining Investments

Legal Framework

Increasing ISRO’s Budget

Private Sector Growth

Research and Development

Sustainability and Inclusion

As India prepares for the Union Budget 2025, the space sector faces key challenges that require strategic investments and policy reforms. Here are seven areas where the budget could play a crucial role in shaping the future of India’s space industry.

NASA to shut down James Webb Telescope? Agency could lack funds to support the mission: Report

Funding Challenges

Scientific Progress

Demand for Telescope

Operating Costs

Extended Lifespan

Research Proposals

NASA Faces Decision

The James Webb Space Telescope, one of NASA’s most advanced space observatories, is at risk due to potential budget cut proposals made by Donald Trump’s administration. A report by SpaceNews suggests that a 20% reduction in funding could significantly slow down scientific research.

'Cooling cycles': NASA's Chandra X-ray Telescope discovers black holes cooking their own food

Galaxy Clusters

 Supermassive Black Holes

Data

Cooling Cycles

Jellyfish Galaxy Tails

Advanced Technology

Galactic Evolution

NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, in collaboration with the VLT, conducted a study of several galaxy clusters, including the well-known Perseus and Centaurus clusters.

Do fish drink water? Here's what scientists have to say

Osmosis 

Hydration Challenges

Salt Removal

Freshwater Fish Face

Freshwater Fish

Regulation Mechanism

Constant Challenge

Fish do not get thirsty in the same way humans do, but their bodies constantly interact with water through a process called osmosis. Water moves across a fish's cell membrane.


'First Indian on ISS': NASA approves Shubhanshu Shukla for 14-day Axiom-4 mission to space station

Axiom-4 Mission

Crew Members

First Astronaut

SpaceX Dragon

Private Astronaut Missions

Space Collaboration

Training and Preparation

NASA has given the green light for the Axiom-4 (Ax-4) mission, a private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The mission will be piloted by Indian Air Force Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla and will last for 14 days.

'1,000 heartbeats per minute': How flying shields bats from deadly viruses

The Link

Genomic Study

Tolerance in Bats 

Metabolic Demands

Immune Adaptation

Potential Insights

Future Research 

Researchers studying bat genomes suggest that the evolution of flight may have also led to immune adaptations that help bats tolerate viral infections without severe illness.


'80 trillion watts of energy': NASA's Juno spacecraft discovers active volcano on Jupiter's moon 

Massive Volcanic Feature 

High Energy Emissions

Volcanic World

Close Flybys 

Record-Breaking

Scale of Eruption 

NASA’s Juno spacecraft has detected a significant volcanic hot spot on Io, Jupiter’s moon. The feature, located in Io’s southern hemisphere, is larger than Earth’s Lake Superior, highlighting the moon’s extreme geological activity.
