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From black holes to dark matter and fast radio bursts, the universe is filled with mysterious objects scientists are still trying to understand. Explore the cosmic phenomenon and objects that defy explanation and could hold the secrets to the origin and fate of the universe.

From black holes to dark matter and fast radio bursts, the universe is filled with mysterious objects scientists are still trying to understand. Explore the cosmic phenomenon and objects that defy explanation and could hold the secrets to the origin and fate of the universe.

Fast Radio Bursts, Oumuamua, Dark Matter:  Most mysterious objects in the universe that still baffle scientists

NASA's telescopes, particularly the Hubble Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, have captured some stunning pictures of galaxies over the years. Here is a curated list of the most beautiful pictures ever captured by NASA.

NASA's telescopes, particularly the Hubble Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, have captured some stunning pictures of galaxies over the years. Here is a curated list of the most beautiful pictures ever captured by NASA.

Most beautiful Galaxies ever captured by NASA telescopes: See pics

A study on rattlesnakes has revealed that urbanisation and human activity are causing these reptiles to inbreed, threatening their existence. Scientists collected over 1,000 eastern massasauga rattlesnakes in Michigan over a period of 15 years. Analyses showed that the snakes were inbreeding, which was leading to problems in their reproduction. Experts say that rattlesnakes only leave their habitat to look for food or a mate. They are born in wetlands and always return to their original place. However, the findings published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science have found that human presence is not letting them reach other places to mate. This is causing them to mate within the group, leading to several issues. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com//science/burmese-python-swallows-a-whole-deer-shattering-beliefs-about-its-last-limits-770654">Burmese python swallows a whole deer shattering beliefs about its last limits</a>&nbsp;Discover Wildlife reported that the rattlesnakes are not travelling between habitats. Human-built infrastructure, like farmlands and roads, has cut through their ranges, and has barriers in their travel. Sarah Fitzpatrick, Michigan State University (MSU) professor and one of the senior authors on the study, said, “They’re very vulnerable to even minor disturbances to their habitat. &nbsp;“Even a single road can isolate populations.” To understand how the isolation was affecting the rattlesnakes, the MSU researchers studied 1,056 individuals collected from two counties in south-west Michigan - Cass and Barry. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/small-boy-bites-into-cobra-snake-and-kills-it-instantly-in-bihar-bettiah-village-1753524071501">Lethal nip: Child bites cobra snake, killing the reptile instantly in Bihar's Bettiah village</a>&nbsp;They extracted the DNA from their blood samples to see how closely any two rattlesnakes were related. They found that several of them were the result of inbreeding, and most such individuals were 13 per cent less likely to give birth to offspring that survived. Such snakes also had a nearly 12 per cent lower annual survival rate compared to healthy, less inbred snakes. “The fact that we’re detecting problems from inbreeding in these populations is concerning, given that many other populations throughout the Midwest are much smaller and even more fragmented," she said.&nbsp;Meaghan Clark, the study's lead author and a former MSU graduate student, says this is a grim scenario for the rattlesnakes, who are already a threatened species. The reptiles are unable to survive because of the inbreeding, and also face reproductive issues. "Inbreeding depression" has been on biologists' list, and they have long suspected that it takes place in the wild, but proving it in the elusive rattlesnakes is tough. &nbsp;

Massasauga rattlesnakes in Michigan were studied over a period of 15 years, and scientists were shocked by the results. The snakes are doing something that is hindering their growth and all because of humans

A study on rattlesnakes has revealed that urbanisation and human activity are causing these reptiles to inbreed, threatening their existence. Scientists collected over 1,000 eastern massasauga rattlesnakes in Michigan over a period of 15 years. Analyses showed that the snakes were inbreeding, which was leading to problems in their reproduction. Experts say that rattlesnakes only leave their habitat to look for food or a mate. They are born in wetlands and always return to their original place. However, the findings published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science have found that human presence is not letting them reach other places to mate. This is causing them to mate within the group, leading to several issues. Also Read: Burmese python swallows a whole deer shattering beliefs about its last limits Discover Wildlife reported that the rattlesnakes are not travelling between habitats. Human-built infrastructure, like farmlands and roads, has cut through their ranges, and has barriers in their travel. Sarah Fitzpatrick, Michigan State University (MSU) professor and one of the senior authors on the study, said, “They’re very vulnerable to even minor disturbances to their habitat. “Even a single road can isolate populations.” To understand how the isolation was affecting the rattlesnakes, the MSU researchers studied 1,056 individuals collected from two counties in south-west Michigan - Cass and Barry. Also Read: Lethal nip: Child bites cobra snake, killing the reptile instantly in Bihar's Bettiah village They extracted the DNA from their blood samples to see how closely any two rattlesnakes were related. They found that several of them were the result of inbreeding, and most such individuals were 13 per cent less likely to give birth to offspring that survived. Such snakes also had a nearly 12 per cent lower annual survival rate compared to healthy, less inbred snakes. “The fact that we’re detecting problems from inbreeding in these populations is concerning, given that many other populations throughout the Midwest are much smaller and even more fragmented," she said. Meaghan Clark, the study's lead author and a former MSU graduate student, says this is a grim scenario for the rattlesnakes, who are already a threatened species. The reptiles are unable to survive because of the inbreeding, and also face reproductive issues. "Inbreeding depression" has been on biologists' list, and they have long suspected that it takes place in the wild, but proving it in the elusive rattlesnakes is tough.

Massasauga rattlesnakes in Michigan were studied over a period of 15 years, and scientists were shocked by the results. The snakes are doing something that is hindering their growth and all because of humans

Study of over 1,000 rattlesnakes throws shocking results as human-linked fears are confirmed

National Space Day: India has achieved several milestones in space ever since the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1962. Here are some of the notable missions by the Indian space agency.

National Space Day: India has achieved several milestones in space ever since the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1962. Here are some of the notable missions by the Indian space agency.

National Space Day: Notable achievements of Indian Space Research Organisation

Our solar system was likely once home to life besides the one it hosts on Earth. NASA scientists have found evidence that the dwarf planet Ceres was once home to microbial life. The icy body is believed to be harbouring saltwater lakes and organic carbon molecules under its surface, as shown by previous research. Today, it lacks any nutrients that microbes can utilise for food. But around 2.5 and four billion years ago, radioactivity likely created warm water conditions, or a "buffet," on Ceres that were fit for microbes to thrive. This is the same as on Earth, where the oceans once held much higher concentrations of radioactive isotopes, enabling widespread radiolysis-driven chemistry. The buffet for microbes refers to the presence of Hydrogen, oxidants, organic precursors and stable chemical gradients. These ingredients can support certain metabolic processes in the absence of sunlight. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/stargazing-guide-once-in-multiple-lifetimes-comet-lemmon-is-hurtling-towards-earth-here-s-when-you-can-see-it-1755846815603">Once-in-MULTIPLE-lifetimes comet is hurtling towards Earth. Here's when you can see it</a>&nbsp;Ceres lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and is barren. NASA's Dawn mission discovered in 2018 that something seemed to be reflecting light off its surface. This was found to be salt that was left behind by the liquid that oozed out of its surface. This was a lightbulb moment as the presence of salt means a saltwater source was present somewhere on the dwarf planet. Ceres is hiding vast reservoirs of brine that are minus 63°C today, too cold to support any form of life. But, NASA simulations show that 500 million to two billion years after Ceres formed, radioactive minerals began to decay inside its rocky interior, which would have produced a steady supply of hot water. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/6-word-message-humans-should-send-interstellar-mothership-as-per-harvard-scientist-1755588175737">A message in Morse: Humans should reach out to interstellar 'mothership', scientist says</a>&nbsp;<h2>Hot water vents trigger life in oceans</h2>The temperatures of the water near the core would have exceeded 270°C, NASA said, which then moved upwards where it mixed with the cold water, creating a stream comprising dissolved minerals and gases. These are known as hot water vents and help microbes and other life forms sustain and thrive on Earth deep inside oceans. If it all transpired in the same way on Ceres as shown by the simulation, then it would have given birth to a type of microbe known as a chemotroph. It is energised by chemical reactions and was capable of surviving on this hot water.&nbsp;Lead researcher of the study, Sam Courville, a PhD candidate at Arizona State University, said, "On Earth, when hot water from deep underground mixes with the ocean, the result is often a buffet for microbes — a feast of chemical energy." He added that determining "whether Ceres’ ocean had an influx of hydrothermal fluid in the past" could have great implications. This discovery shows that is Ceres was capable of triggering life on its own, there could be other planets in the universe capable of a similar feat.&nbsp;

Ceres is the dwarf planet that orbits between Mars and Jupiter and is icy cold today. But 500 million to two billion years after it was born, conditions were ripe for life forms to thrive on Ceres. No sunlight was involved in the process.

Our solar system was likely once home to life besides the one it hosts on Earth. NASA scientists have found evidence that the dwarf planet Ceres was once home to microbial life. The icy body is believed to be harbouring saltwater lakes and organic carbon molecules under its surface, as shown by previous research. Today, it lacks any nutrients that microbes can utilise for food. But around 2.5 and four billion years ago, radioactivity likely created warm water conditions, or a "buffet," on Ceres that were fit for microbes to thrive. This is the same as on Earth, where the oceans once held much higher concentrations of radioactive isotopes, enabling widespread radiolysis-driven chemistry. The buffet for microbes refers to the presence of Hydrogen, oxidants, organic precursors and stable chemical gradients. These ingredients can support certain metabolic processes in the absence of sunlight. Also Read: Once-in-MULTIPLE-lifetimes comet is hurtling towards Earth. Here's when you can see it Ceres lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and is barren. NASA's Dawn mission discovered in 2018 that something seemed to be reflecting light off its surface. This was found to be salt that was left behind by the liquid that oozed out of its surface. This was a lightbulb moment as the presence of salt means a saltwater source was present somewhere on the dwarf planet. Ceres is hiding vast reservoirs of brine that are minus 63°C today, too cold to support any form of life. But, NASA simulations show that 500 million to two billion years after Ceres formed, radioactive minerals began to decay inside its rocky interior, which would have produced a steady supply of hot water. Also Read: A message in Morse: Humans should reach out to interstellar 'mothership', scientist says Hot water vents trigger life in oceans The temperatures of the water near the core would have exceeded 270°C, NASA said, which then moved upwards where it mixed with the cold water, creating a stream comprising dissolved minerals and gases. These are known as hot water vents and help microbes and other life forms sustain and thrive on Earth deep inside oceans. If it all transpired in the same way on Ceres as shown by the simulation, then it would have given birth to a type of microbe known as a chemotroph. It is energised by chemical reactions and was capable of surviving on this hot water. Lead researcher of the study, Sam Courville, a PhD candidate at Arizona State University, said, "On Earth, when hot water from deep underground mixes with the ocean, the result is often a buffet for microbes — a feast of chemical energy." He added that determining "whether Ceres’ ocean had an influx of hydrothermal fluid in the past" could have great implications. This discovery shows that is Ceres was capable of triggering life on its own, there could be other planets in the universe capable of a similar feat.

Ceres is the dwarf planet that orbits between Mars and Jupiter and is icy cold today. But 500 million to two billion years after it was born, conditions were ripe for life forms to thrive on Ceres. No sunlight was involved in the process.

Move aside Mars, Ceres was once hot and alive, and hosted life in our solar system

<h2>A Day Born from Historic Achievement</h2>On August 23, 2025, India celebrates its second National Space Day with unprecedented enthusiasm and national pride. This special day, established to commemorate one of India's greatest technological achievements, carries deep significance that extends far beyond the realm of space exploration.The story begins on August 23, 2023, when India scripted history at the Moon's South Pole. On this remarkable day, the Vikram Lander of the Chandrayaan-3 mission achieved a safe and soft landing at what is now called 'Shiv Shakti Point,' while the Pragyan Rover rolled onto the lunar surface. With this singular achievement, India became the fourth country to successfully land on the Moon and the first to conquer the challenging terrain near the Moon's South Pole.Recognising the monumental significance of this achievement, the Government of India declared August 23 as National Space Day, creating an annual celebration that honours India's space accomplishments while inspiring future generations to reach for the stars.<h2>The 2025 Theme: A Bridge Through Time</h2>This year's theme, "Bridging the Past and Future: Honoring Traditional Astronomy and Showcasing Modern Space Achievements," perfectly captures the essence of India's space journey. The theme acknowledges that India's fascination with celestial bodies is not new—it dates back thousands of years to ancient astronomers like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara, who made groundbreaking contributions to understanding the cosmos.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/-left-my-laptop-mid-air-assuming-it-will-float-shubhanshu-shukla-on-relearning-the-effect-of-gravity-1755779392691">'Left my laptop mid-air assuming it would float': Shubhanshu Shukla</a>Today, this ancient wisdom merges seamlessly with cutting-edge technology as ISRO continues to push boundaries in space exploration. The 2025 celebrations will highlight this beautiful continuity, showing how traditional astronomical knowledge laid the foundation for modern achievements like Chandrayaan-3, Mangalyaan, and the upcoming Gaganyaan mission.<h2>Students at the Heart of Celebration</h2>National Space Day 2025 places students firmly at the center of all activities. The day is designed to spark curiosity and inspire young minds through science fairs, planetarium shows, competitions, and interactive sessions with ISRO scientists. These activities aim to transform space science from a distant dream into an achievable career path for India's youth.The celebrations will demonstrate how space technology directly benefits ordinary people through initiatives like SVAMITVA land-mapping using satellite images, disaster warning systems, real-time weather forecasts, telecommunication services in remote villages, and precision farming techniques that support agricultural development and rural prosperity.<h2>From Fishing Village to Lunar Success: The ISRO Story</h2>The foundation of India's space achievements was laid in 1962 when scientist Vikram Sarabhai chose Thumba, a humble fishing village near Thiruvananthapuram, to build India's first rocket station. This strategic location near the geomagnetic equator proved perfect for launching rockets. From that modest beginning, ISRO has evolved into one of the world's most respected space agencies, completing 100 successful launches and earning global recognition for achieving remarkable results with limited resources.What makes ISRO's journey truly extraordinary is how space technology has quietly integrated into daily Indian life. Every phone call, weather forecast, GPS navigation, and disaster warning system relies on ISRO's satellites working tirelessly 36,000 kilometres above Earth. The INSAT communication satellites ensure connectivity across the vast Indian subcontinent, while NavIC—India's indigenous GPS system—helps everything from food delivery to precision agriculture.<h2>The Chandrayaan-3 Triumph</h2>The Chandrayaan-3 mission stands as a testament to ISRO's ability to learn from setbacks and achieve excellence. Following the lessons learned from Chandrayaan-2, this mission successfully demonstrated India's capability to safely land and operate a rover on the lunar surface. Launched by the LVM3 rocket from Sriharikota, the spacecraft carried the Lander and Rover to a 100-kilometer lunar orbit via a propulsion module, which also housed the SHAPE (Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth) instrument for studying Earth's characteristics from lunar orbit.The success of Chandrayaan-3 proved that smart engineering, careful planning, and determination could overcome any challenge. It showed the world that India's space program had matured into a reliable, cost-effective, and technically sophisticated operation capable of the most complex missions.<h2>Vision for the Future: Bold Space Goals</h2>During a recent meeting with astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla, who became the first Indian to visit the International Space Station on the Axiom-4 mission, Prime Minister Narendra Modi outlined ambitious goals for India's space program. The Prime Minister emphasised the need to train and prepare 40-50 astronauts for future space missions, recognising that India's space ambitions require a substantial human spaceflight capability.Shukla's 20-day space journey and his experiences living on the ISS have provided invaluable insights for India's upcoming missions. ISRO chief V. Narayanan confirmed that the mission was a "100% success," generating nearly 12,000 pages of detailed records that will prove extremely valuable for the Gaganyaan mission planned for mid-2027.The roadmap ahead is clear and ambitious: India plans its first human spaceflight in 2027, aims to establish a space station by 2035, and intends to send an Indian astronaut to the Moon by 2040. These goals reflect not just technological ambition but a commitment to establishing India as a leading spacefaring nation.<h2>Space Technology for the Common Good</h2>National Space Day 2025 will showcase how space technology serves humanity. ISRO's satellites provide early warnings for cyclones, preventing disasters like the 2004 tsunami that cost thousands of lives due to lack of timely alerts. Today, these satellites maintain 24/7 vigilance over India's coasts and weather patterns.The cost-effectiveness of India's space program has made it globally competitive. The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) reached Mars for just ₹450 crores—less than the budget of many commercial films—proving that excellence doesn't require excessive expenditure. This approach has made ISRO a preferred launch partner for many countries, earning foreign exchange while demonstrating that space technology can be accessible and affordable.<h2>Learning from Challenges</h2>ISRO's journey includes both triumphs and setbacks. Early GSLV rocket failures, the heartbreak of Chandrayaan-2's lander crash, and recent mission challenges have all contributed to the organization's growth. Each failure provided valuable lessons that strengthened subsequent missions. The successful Chandrayaan-3 landing exemplified how ISRO transforms setbacks into stepping stones for greater achievements.<h2>Human Stories Behind the Success</h2>Behind every ISRO mission are ordinary Indians achieving extraordinary results. Scientists like Ritu Karidhal, who helped guide Mangalyaan to Mars, and M. Vanitha, who led Chandrayaan-2, represent the talent and dedication that drives India's space program. The recent SpaDeX mission, featuring the complex orbital docking of two Indian satellites, was achieved by engineers who grew up in regular Indian families, studied in Indian institutions, and nurtured dreams of touching the sky.<h2>Inspiring Future Generations</h2>The true measure of ISRO's success lies not just in missions completed but in dreams planted in young minds across the country. When children in remote villages look up at the night sky and imagine building rockets, when girls from small towns decide to become space scientists, ISRO's mission reaches its highest fulfilment.National Space Day 2025 will celebrate these dreams while showcasing the practical benefits of space exploration. The Ministries of Science &amp; Technology and Culture are collaborating to create exhibits, educational content, and outreach programs that blend traditional astronomical wisdom with modern innovations, ensuring that India's space heritage continues to inspire future generations.<h2>A Shared Victory for Humanity</h2>As astronaut Prashant Balakrishnan Nair, who trained as backup for the ISS mission, eloquently stated, space achievements belong to all humanity. Referring to the concept of "one single consciousness," he emphasized that while individual astronauts undertake the physical journey, their accomplishments represent shared victories for all Indians and humanity as a whole.Shubhanshu Shukla's experience reinforced this perspective. Looking down at Earth from space, he observed the unity of our planet—India appeared beautiful, but national borders disappeared, leaving him with a profound sense of Earth's oneness and humanity's shared destiny.<h2>Looking to the Stars and Beyond</h2>As India prepares for its biggest space challenge yet—sending humans into space through the Gaganyaan mission—National Space Day 2025 carries the hopes and dreams of 1.4 billion Indians. From a fishing village in Kerala to the south pole of the Moon, ISRO has demonstrated that with determination, innovation, and intelligent planning, India can achieve any goal it sets.The theme "Bridging the Past and Future" perfectly encapsulates this journey. Ancient Indian astronomers mapped the heavens with remarkable precision, laying the intellectual foundation for today's space missions. Modern ISRO scientists continue this tradition, using advanced technology to explore new frontiers while remaining connected to the wisdom of their predecessors.National Space Day 2025 will be more than a celebration—it will be a declaration that the stars are no longer the limit but merely the beginning of India's cosmic journey. As students participate in science fairs, interact with scientists, and dream of their own space missions, they carry forward a legacy that spans millennia, bridging ancient astronomical wisdom with tomorrow's space achievements.The fishing village of Thumba may have provided ISRO's humble beginnings, but the destination has always been the infinite expanse of space, where Indian ingenuity continues to shine as brightly as the stars themselves.

Celebrating India's journey from ancient astronomy to lunar triumph

A Day Born from Historic Achievement On August 23, 2025, India celebrates its second National Space Day with unprecedented enthusiasm and national pride. This special day, established to commemorate one of India's greatest technological achievements, carries deep significance that extends far beyond the realm of space exploration. The story begins on August 23, 2023, when India scripted history at the Moon's South Pole. On this remarkable day, the Vikram Lander of the Chandrayaan-3 mission achieved a safe and soft landing at what is now called 'Shiv Shakti Point,' while the Pragyan Rover rolled onto the lunar surface. With this singular achievement, India became the fourth country to successfully land on the Moon and the first to conquer the challenging terrain near the Moon's South Pole. Recognising the monumental significance of this achievement, the Government of India declared August 23 as National Space Day, creating an annual celebration that honours India's space accomplishments while inspiring future generations to reach for the stars. The 2025 Theme: A Bridge Through Time This year's theme, "Bridging the Past and Future: Honoring Traditional Astronomy and Showcasing Modern Space Achievements," perfectly captures the essence of India's space journey. The theme acknowledges that India's fascination with celestial bodies is not new—it dates back thousands of years to ancient astronomers like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara, who made groundbreaking contributions to understanding the cosmos. Also read | 'Left my laptop mid-air assuming it would float': Shubhanshu Shukla Today, this ancient wisdom merges seamlessly with cutting-edge technology as ISRO continues to push boundaries in space exploration. The 2025 celebrations will highlight this beautiful continuity, showing how traditional astronomical knowledge laid the foundation for modern achievements like Chandrayaan-3, Mangalyaan, and the upcoming Gaganyaan mission. Students at the Heart of Celebration National Space Day 2025 places students firmly at the center of all activities. The day is designed to spark curiosity and inspire young minds through science fairs, planetarium shows, competitions, and interactive sessions with ISRO scientists. These activities aim to transform space science from a distant dream into an achievable career path for India's youth. The celebrations will demonstrate how space technology directly benefits ordinary people through initiatives like SVAMITVA land-mapping using satellite images, disaster warning systems, real-time weather forecasts, telecommunication services in remote villages, and precision farming techniques that support agricultural development and rural prosperity. From Fishing Village to Lunar Success: The ISRO Story The foundation of India's space achievements was laid in 1962 when scientist Vikram Sarabhai chose Thumba, a humble fishing village near Thiruvananthapuram, to build India's first rocket station. This strategic location near the geomagnetic equator proved perfect for launching rockets. From that modest beginning, ISRO has evolved into one of the world's most respected space agencies, completing 100 successful launches and earning global recognition for achieving remarkable results with limited resources. What makes ISRO's journey truly extraordinary is how space technology has quietly integrated into daily Indian life. Every phone call, weather forecast, GPS navigation, and disaster warning system relies on ISRO's satellites working tirelessly 36,000 kilometres above Earth. The INSAT communication satellites ensure connectivity across the vast Indian subcontinent, while NavIC—India's indigenous GPS system—helps everything from food delivery to precision agriculture. The Chandrayaan-3 Triumph The Chandrayaan-3 mission stands as a testament to ISRO's ability to learn from setbacks and achieve excellence. Following the lessons learned from Chandrayaan-2, this mission successfully demonstrated India's capability to safely land and operate a rover on the lunar surface. Launched by the LVM3 rocket from Sriharikota, the spacecraft carried the Lander and Rover to a 100-kilometer lunar orbit via a propulsion module, which also housed the SHAPE (Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth) instrument for studying Earth's characteristics from lunar orbit. The success of Chandrayaan-3 proved that smart engineering, careful planning, and determination could overcome any challenge. It showed the world that India's space program had matured into a reliable, cost-effective, and technically sophisticated operation capable of the most complex missions. Vision for the Future: Bold Space Goals During a recent meeting with astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla, who became the first Indian to visit the International Space Station on the Axiom-4 mission, Prime Minister Narendra Modi outlined ambitious goals for India's space program. The Prime Minister emphasised the need to train and prepare 40-50 astronauts for future space missions, recognising that India's space ambitions require a substantial human spaceflight capability. Shukla's 20-day space journey and his experiences living on the ISS have provided invaluable insights for India's upcoming missions. ISRO chief V. Narayanan confirmed that the mission was a "100% success," generating nearly 12,000 pages of detailed records that will prove extremely valuable for the Gaganyaan mission planned for mid-2027. The roadmap ahead is clear and ambitious: India plans its first human spaceflight in 2027, aims to establish a space station by 2035, and intends to send an Indian astronaut to the Moon by 2040. These goals reflect not just technological ambition but a commitment to establishing India as a leading spacefaring nation. Space Technology for the Common Good National Space Day 2025 will showcase how space technology serves humanity. ISRO's satellites provide early warnings for cyclones, preventing disasters like the 2004 tsunami that cost thousands of lives due to lack of timely alerts. Today, these satellites maintain 24/7 vigilance over India's coasts and weather patterns. The cost-effectiveness of India's space program has made it globally competitive. The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) reached Mars for just ₹450 crores—less than the budget of many commercial films—proving that excellence doesn't require excessive expenditure. This approach has made ISRO a preferred launch partner for many countries, earning foreign exchange while demonstrating that space technology can be accessible and affordable. Learning from Challenges ISRO's journey includes both triumphs and setbacks. Early GSLV rocket failures, the heartbreak of Chandrayaan-2's lander crash, and recent mission challenges have all contributed to the organization's growth. Each failure provided valuable lessons that strengthened subsequent missions. The successful Chandrayaan-3 landing exemplified how ISRO transforms setbacks into stepping stones for greater achievements. Human Stories Behind the Success Behind every ISRO mission are ordinary Indians achieving extraordinary results. Scientists like Ritu Karidhal, who helped guide Mangalyaan to Mars, and M. Vanitha, who led Chandrayaan-2, represent the talent and dedication that drives India's space program. The recent SpaDeX mission, featuring the complex orbital docking of two Indian satellites, was achieved by engineers who grew up in regular Indian families, studied in Indian institutions, and nurtured dreams of touching the sky. Inspiring Future Generations The true measure of ISRO's success lies not just in missions completed but in dreams planted in young minds across the country. When children in remote villages look up at the night sky and imagine building rockets, when girls from small towns decide to become space scientists, ISRO's mission reaches its highest fulfilment. National Space Day 2025 will celebrate these dreams while showcasing the practical benefits of space exploration. The Ministries of Science & Technology and Culture are collaborating to create exhibits, educational content, and outreach programs that blend traditional astronomical wisdom with modern innovations, ensuring that India's space heritage continues to inspire future generations. A Shared Victory for Humanity As astronaut Prashant Balakrishnan Nair, who trained as backup for the ISS mission, eloquently stated, space achievements belong to all humanity. Referring to the concept of "one single consciousness," he emphasized that while individual astronauts undertake the physical journey, their accomplishments represent shared victories for all Indians and humanity as a whole. Shubhanshu Shukla's experience reinforced this perspective. Looking down at Earth from space, he observed the unity of our planet—India appeared beautiful, but national borders disappeared, leaving him with a profound sense of Earth's oneness and humanity's shared destiny. Looking to the Stars and Beyond As India prepares for its biggest space challenge yet—sending humans into space through the Gaganyaan mission—National Space Day 2025 carries the hopes and dreams of 1.4 billion Indians. From a fishing village in Kerala to the south pole of the Moon, ISRO has demonstrated that with determination, innovation, and intelligent planning, India can achieve any goal it sets. The theme "Bridging the Past and Future" perfectly encapsulates this journey. Ancient Indian astronomers mapped the heavens with remarkable precision, laying the intellectual foundation for today's space missions. Modern ISRO scientists continue this tradition, using advanced technology to explore new frontiers while remaining connected to the wisdom of their predecessors. National Space Day 2025 will be more than a celebration—it will be a declaration that the stars are no longer the limit but merely the beginning of India's cosmic journey. As students participate in science fairs, interact with scientists, and dream of their own space missions, they carry forward a legacy that spans millennia, bridging ancient astronomical wisdom with tomorrow's space achievements. The fishing village of Thumba may have provided ISRO's humble beginnings, but the destination has always been the infinite expanse of space, where Indian ingenuity continues to shine as brightly as the stars themselves.

Celebrating India's journey from ancient astronomy to lunar triumph

When dreams touch the sky: National Space Day 2025 and India's unstoppable space spirit

Archaeologists in Ethiopia have discovered proof of a new branch of humanity that was previously unknown. Fossilised teeth recovered from the Ledi-Geraru archaeological site in the Afar Region are believed to be 2.8 to 2.6 million years old. The same place had earlier revealed the oldest known human jawbone. A total of 13 teeth were found belonging to at least two early hominin lineages - Australopithecus and the genus Homo, including modern humans (Homo sapiens). The teeth in the first group are different from the known genus, which suggests that there was a new species which scientists don't know about. The researchers wrote in the study published in Nature, "These specimens suggest that Australopithecus and early Homo existed as two non-robust lineages in the Afar Region before 2.5 million years ago." Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/scientist-finds-earliest-evidence-that-rig-veda-verses-influenced-civilisations-outside-india-1755591662063">Scientist finds earliest evidence that Rig Veda verses influenced civilisations outside India</a>&nbsp;According to the study, between three million and 2.5 million years ago, eastern Africa was home to at least four different hominin lineages - early Homo, A. garhi, the newly identified Australopithecus found in Ledi-Geraru, and Paranthropus. The discovery of this unknown and unnamed species of humans changes the assumption about evolution being linear. Earlier, man was believed to have evolved from an ape to a human in a straight manner. However, now scientists say that evolution likely has several branches, and most of them went extinct. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/scientists-stumble-upon-a-20-7-feet-long-anaconda-on-tv-show-could-24-foot-creatures-be-next-1755517634345">Scientists stumble upon a 20.7 feet green anaconda on TV show. Could 24 foot creatures be next?</a>&nbsp;<h2>How did different human species live together?</h2>The teeth are covered by volcanic ash layers, and analysing them showed the ages of the teeth found. Ten teeth belong to Australopithecus and are about 2.63 million years old, two of Homo’s teeth are about 2.59 million years old, and another is about 2.78 million years old. The discovery of a mix of teeth fossils belonging to different species poses the question of how these groups co-existed. Typically, chimpanzees and gorillas live in different areas. To understand whether the species peacefully co-existed or fought for resources, the researchers plan on studying the enamel. This would reveal what the groups ate, and whether they were fighting for the same things or living in separate ecological environments. &nbsp;

Ethiopian archaeologists have discovered a new species of hominins that lived alongside early Homo ancestors. Fossilised teeth believed to be 2.8 to 2.6 million years old show that two groups existed side by side.

Archaeologists in Ethiopia have discovered proof of a new branch of humanity that was previously unknown. Fossilised teeth recovered from the Ledi-Geraru archaeological site in the Afar Region are believed to be 2.8 to 2.6 million years old. The same place had earlier revealed the oldest known human jawbone. A total of 13 teeth were found belonging to at least two early hominin lineages - Australopithecus and the genus Homo, including modern humans (Homo sapiens). The teeth in the first group are different from the known genus, which suggests that there was a new species which scientists don't know about. The researchers wrote in the study published in Nature, "These specimens suggest that Australopithecus and early Homo existed as two non-robust lineages in the Afar Region before 2.5 million years ago." Also Read: Scientist finds earliest evidence that Rig Veda verses influenced civilisations outside India According to the study, between three million and 2.5 million years ago, eastern Africa was home to at least four different hominin lineages - early Homo, A. garhi, the newly identified Australopithecus found in Ledi-Geraru, and Paranthropus. The discovery of this unknown and unnamed species of humans changes the assumption about evolution being linear. Earlier, man was believed to have evolved from an ape to a human in a straight manner. However, now scientists say that evolution likely has several branches, and most of them went extinct. Also Read: Scientists stumble upon a 20.7 feet green anaconda on TV show. Could 24 foot creatures be next? How did different human species live together? The teeth are covered by volcanic ash layers, and analysing them showed the ages of the teeth found. Ten teeth belong to Australopithecus and are about 2.63 million years old, two of Homo’s teeth are about 2.59 million years old, and another is about 2.78 million years old. The discovery of a mix of teeth fossils belonging to different species poses the question of how these groups co-existed. Typically, chimpanzees and gorillas live in different areas. To understand whether the species peacefully co-existed or fought for resources, the researchers plan on studying the enamel. This would reveal what the groups ate, and whether they were fighting for the same things or living in separate ecological environments.

Ethiopian archaeologists have discovered a new species of hominins that lived alongside early Homo ancestors. Fossilised teeth believed to be 2.8 to 2.6 million years old show that two groups existed side by side.

2.8-million-year-old teeth reveal a new branch of humanity in Ethiopia

In Europe, a phrase was prominent in the market when Hop Shoots touched the price of 1 lakh per kilo, as costly as gold. When it comes to expensive foods, Hop Shoots are in the league of white truffles, saffron, Kobe beef, beluga caviar, Matsutake Mushrooms and Kopi Luwak coffee. These young and tender spring vegetables are the most expensive in the world, priced at Rs 85,000- Rs 1,00,000 per kilo; it is a gourmet delight.&nbsp;<h2>What are Hop Shoots?</h2>Hop Shoots are the young and tender tips of Humulus lupulus, commonly known as the Hop plant. Hops are widely cultivated for making beer, while the shoots themselves are incredibly rare and tricky to harvest. Their scarcity is multiplied by the scarcity and labour required to farm them. They appear only in early spring and grow wildly, making it extremely hard for a farmer to gather even a small bundle.&nbsp;<h2>Why are hop shoots so costly?&nbsp;</h2>Hop Shoots are prized by top chefs and restaurants across Europe due to their unique, slightly bitter, asparagus-like taste. They are often used in gourmet salads, soups, risottos and pickles. These vegetables elevate any dish in a fine dining hall to a luxurious level. &nbsp;Apart from the taste, they are known for their nutritional benefits. Hop Shoots are usually rich in antioxidants, antibacterial, and even anti-cancer. Studies suggest they boost immunity and support overall health, making them a powerhouse of wellness.&nbsp;At approximately 85,000 per kilo, Hop Shoots are a symbol of luxury, rarity and exclusivity of taste. In 2021, a farmer in Bihar gained headlines by cultivating Hop Shoots. Hop shoots farming in India is gaining traction, although it's a relatively new endeavour.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Discover the world's costliest vegetable, Hop Shoots and find out what makes it costly and why it is favoured by top chefs across continents. 

In Europe, a phrase was prominent in the market when Hop Shoots touched the price of 1 lakh per kilo, as costly as gold. When it comes to expensive foods, Hop Shoots are in the league of white truffles, saffron, Kobe beef, beluga caviar, Matsutake Mushrooms and Kopi Luwak coffee. These young and tender spring vegetables are the most expensive in the world, priced at Rs 85,000- Rs 1,00,000 per kilo; it is a gourmet delight. What are Hop Shoots? Hop Shoots are the young and tender tips of Humulus lupulus, commonly known as the Hop plant. Hops are widely cultivated for making beer, while the shoots themselves are incredibly rare and tricky to harvest. Their scarcity is multiplied by the scarcity and labour required to farm them. They appear only in early spring and grow wildly, making it extremely hard for a farmer to gather even a small bundle. Why are hop shoots so costly? Hop Shoots are prized by top chefs and restaurants across Europe due to their unique, slightly bitter, asparagus-like taste. They are often used in gourmet salads, soups, risottos and pickles. These vegetables elevate any dish in a fine dining hall to a luxurious level. Apart from the taste, they are known for their nutritional benefits. Hop Shoots are usually rich in antioxidants, antibacterial, and even anti-cancer. Studies suggest they boost immunity and support overall health, making them a powerhouse of wellness. At approximately 85,000 per kilo, Hop Shoots are a symbol of luxury, rarity and exclusivity of taste. In 2021, a farmer in Bihar gained headlines by cultivating Hop Shoots. Hop shoots farming in India is gaining traction, although it's a relatively new endeavour.

Discover the world's costliest vegetable, Hop Shoots and find out what makes it costly and why it is favoured by top chefs across continents.&nbsp;

Hop shoots- The luxury vegetable so pricy its compared to gold, why is it so rare?

A comet is fast approaching Earth and can easily be termed not "once-in-a-lifetime", but once in "multiple" lifetimes. Its last visit to Earth was in the year 629, which makes it a must-watch for stargazing enthusiasts. <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/five-comets-are-racing-towards-earth-when-to-see-them-perihelion-distance-and-other-details-1755841480222">Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon)</a> is an iconic comet of sorts since it pays us a rare visit. It was discovered by scientists using the telescope at Mt. Lemmon, Arizona, on January 3, 2025. Since then, multiple observations have been made to study its point of origin, components and trajectory. Scientists have determined that it is not a new comet and has been to the solar system before. Its orbit shows that it orbits the sun in 1,396 years, which means its previous trip to our system and near Earth was in the year 629. Stargazing enthusiasts would not want to miss it since its next visit will happen in the year 3421.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/6-word-message-humans-should-send-interstellar-mothership-as-per-harvard-scientist-1755588175737">A message in Morse: Humans should reach out to interstellar 'mothership', scientist says</a><h2>When will Comet Lemmon reach Earth?</h2>Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is currently in the constellation of Gemini, around 346,951,344.8 kilometres from Earth. It is racing towards the inner solar system and will reach perihelion, or closest point to the Sun, on November 8, 2025. But before that, it will pass by our planet on October 21. The best way to view it would be from a place where there is the least light pollution. The good news is that it is brightening as it approaches us. Also, it is in the sunset sky, which will make spotting it easier. Astronomers observing the comet have reported that it has brightened quickly over the last month, having moved rapidly to magnitude 11 from 16.5. A lower score denotes that the comet is getting brighter. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/scientist-claims-mystery-interstellar-object-is-here-to-test-human-intelligence-and-we-have-already-failed-here-s-why-1755585246596">Scientist claims mystery interstellar object is here to test human intelligence, and we have already failed. Here's why</a><h2>How bright will Comet Lemmon be, and how to see it?</h2>Assuming that Comet Lemmon will continue with the pattern, it might reach a magnitude of 4 or 5 by the time it comes near Earth, according to Japanese comet expert Seiichi Yoshida. At this scale, people in the darker areas might not even be able to see it with the naked eye. However, comets can quickly change how they present, with explosions sometimes occurring on them. Remember the devil comet? Researchers will continue to keep a watch on the comet to see how it behaves in the coming weeks. If it even reaches a magnitude 7.5, a small telescope might be all you need to see the wandering visitor.

Stargazing guide: Comet Lemmon is back after 1,396 years. Astronomy enthusiasts will have the opportunity to see a comet that last visited us in the year 629. Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) will next visit Earth in the year 3421. Comet Lemmon: closest point to Earth, date, how to see it and other details

A comet is fast approaching Earth and can easily be termed not "once-in-a-lifetime", but once in "multiple" lifetimes. Its last visit to Earth was in the year 629, which makes it a must-watch for stargazing enthusiasts. Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is an iconic comet of sorts since it pays us a rare visit. It was discovered by scientists using the telescope at Mt. Lemmon, Arizona, on January 3, 2025. Since then, multiple observations have been made to study its point of origin, components and trajectory. Scientists have determined that it is not a new comet and has been to the solar system before. Its orbit shows that it orbits the sun in 1,396 years, which means its previous trip to our system and near Earth was in the year 629. Stargazing enthusiasts would not want to miss it since its next visit will happen in the year 3421. Also Read: A message in Morse: Humans should reach out to interstellar 'mothership', scientist says When will Comet Lemmon reach Earth? Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is currently in the constellation of Gemini, around 346,951,344.8 kilometres from Earth. It is racing towards the inner solar system and will reach perihelion, or closest point to the Sun, on November 8, 2025. But before that, it will pass by our planet on October 21. The best way to view it would be from a place where there is the least light pollution. The good news is that it is brightening as it approaches us. Also, it is in the sunset sky, which will make spotting it easier. Astronomers observing the comet have reported that it has brightened quickly over the last month, having moved rapidly to magnitude 11 from 16.5. A lower score denotes that the comet is getting brighter. Also Read: Scientist claims mystery interstellar object is here to test human intelligence, and we have already failed. Here's why How bright will Comet Lemmon be, and how to see it? Assuming that Comet Lemmon will continue with the pattern, it might reach a magnitude of 4 or 5 by the time it comes near Earth, according to Japanese comet expert Seiichi Yoshida. At this scale, people in the darker areas might not even be able to see it with the naked eye. However, comets can quickly change how they present, with explosions sometimes occurring on them. Remember the devil comet? Researchers will continue to keep a watch on the comet to see how it behaves in the coming weeks. If it even reaches a magnitude 7.5, a small telescope might be all you need to see the wandering visitor.

Details about Comet Lemmon: C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is fast approaching Earth. Stargazers are in for a treat as this comet is visiting us after 1,396 years, and won't be here again until the year 3421. When will Comet Lemmon be closest to Earth, and how can you see it?

Stargazing JACKPOT: Once-in-MULTIPLE-lifetimes comet is hurtling towards Earth. Here's when you can see it

Back in 2015, a grave digger in Peru stumbled onto something straight out of science fiction — a stash of strange mummified bodies hidden in a cave. What made them instantly infamous? Each had just three fingers and three toes. Since then, the so-called alien mummies of Nazca have been at the centre of wild debates. Were they extraterrestrials? A lost human species? Or just an elaborate scam cooked up to fool the world? Now, nearly a decade later, the mystery refuses to die. About two dozen of the remains are under serious scientific examination.<h2>Aliens, humans, or something in between?</h2>According to researchers, the mummies still have preserved tissue, muscles, and even organs. One appears to have been pregnant when she died. Podcast host Jesse Michels, who runs American Alchemy, recently visited the site. His verdict: "I found no evidence that they are not from Earth". Instead, he floated a new theory — they could be a long-lost subterranean species.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/alien-attack-in-november-harvard-scientist-flags-mysterious-object-hurtling-towards-earth-1753526257304">Alien attack in November? Harvard scientists warn mysterious object hurtling towards Earth</a><h2>A genetic twist</h2>So what explains the eerie three-fingered look? A bioinformatics expert dug into the publicly available DNA and found a mutation in a gene called Gli3 — the same gene linked to polydactyly, a condition that causes humans to have extra or oddly shaped digits.Alaina Hardie, who studied the genetic data, admitted she set out to debunk the mutation theory, but instead found evidence pointing toward it. "I found a list of 50 genes involved in the pathway," said Hardie, as quoted by the Express. "There is a mutation in one of those genes, called Gli3, that is associated with polydactyly," she added. Ancient Peruvian remains have shown signs of the same condition before, adds the report.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/-something-we-wouldn-t-want-to-meet-stephen-hawking-s-terrifying-warning-about-beings-from-other-worlds-resurfaces-amid-alien-attack-fears-1754293769816">Stephen Hawking’s terrifying alien attack warning resurfaces amid 'mothership' UFO fears: It is 'something we wouldn't want to meet'</a>One of the tested specimens, a headless humanoid nicknamed "Victoria," turned out to have DNA of human origins, even if she looked anything but. Michels also pointed to examples like a tribe in Zimbabwe with "ectrodactyly", or "Ostrich Foot Syndrome," where central digits are missing. "There are these mutations rendered adaptive in certain environments and persist over time," he explained. “So it could be just that, which would be remarkable all on its own.”Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/mexican-congress-deems-three-fingered-mummies-real-but-refrains-from-confirming-alien-origins-656555">Mexican congress deems three-fingered mummies 'real,' but refrains from confirming alien origins</a><h2>Human… or hybrid?</h2>But not everyone is convinced. José Zace of the Mexican Navy’s medical division, who is part of the team examining the so-called alien mummies, said tests showed 70 per cent of the DNA matches humans — the other 30 per cent, he claims, is "completely different."Dr David Ruiz Vela meanwhile, suggested they might even be hybrids, with traits pointing to natural interbreeding between early human and primate groups in Asia and Africa thousands of years ago.That's why Michels wants biotech giant Colossal Biosciences — famous for resurrecting the dire wolf — to run their advanced DNA tests on the mummies. "If the (Peru) government won't allow a top American biotech company to use their proprietary ancient DNA testing techniques on these mummies, then I don't know what else you need to understand their position on the subject," he told the Daily Mail.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/its-all-in-the-name-astronomers-clash-over-renaming-galaxies-for-a-more-inclusive-cosmos-659401/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/its-all-in-the-name-astronomers-clash-over-renaming-galaxies-for-a-more-inclusive-cosmos-659401/embed</a>So what are they? Humans with rare mutations? Primitive hybrids? Or the remains of something alien? Whatever the answer, Peru's "alien" mystery is far from buried.

Scientists have made a new shocking revelation about Peru’s Nazca “alien mummies” — three-fingered, three-toed remains found in 2015. Are they humans with rare mutations? Primitive hybrids? Or the remains of something alien? 

Back in 2015, a grave digger in Peru stumbled onto something straight out of science fiction — a stash of strange mummified bodies hidden in a cave. What made them instantly infamous? Each had just three fingers and three toes. Since then, the so-called alien mummies of Nazca have been at the centre of wild debates. Were they extraterrestrials? A lost human species? Or just an elaborate scam cooked up to fool the world? Now, nearly a decade later, the mystery refuses to die. About two dozen of the remains are under serious scientific examination. Aliens, humans, or something in between? According to researchers, the mummies still have preserved tissue, muscles, and even organs. One appears to have been pregnant when she died. Podcast host Jesse Michels, who runs American Alchemy, recently visited the site. His verdict: "I found no evidence that they are not from Earth". Instead, he floated a new theory — they could be a long-lost subterranean species. Also read | Alien attack in November? Harvard scientists warn mysterious object hurtling towards Earth A genetic twist So what explains the eerie three-fingered look? A bioinformatics expert dug into the publicly available DNA and found a mutation in a gene called Gli3 — the same gene linked to polydactyly, a condition that causes humans to have extra or oddly shaped digits. Alaina Hardie, who studied the genetic data, admitted she set out to debunk the mutation theory, but instead found evidence pointing toward it. "I found a list of 50 genes involved in the pathway," said Hardie, as quoted by the Express. "There is a mutation in one of those genes, called Gli3, that is associated with polydactyly," she added. Ancient Peruvian remains have shown signs of the same condition before, adds the report. Also read | Stephen Hawking’s terrifying alien attack warning resurfaces amid 'mothership' UFO fears: It is 'something we wouldn't want to meet' One of the tested specimens, a headless humanoid nicknamed "Victoria," turned out to have DNA of human origins, even if she looked anything but. Michels also pointed to examples like a tribe in Zimbabwe with "ectrodactyly", or "Ostrich Foot Syndrome," where central digits are missing. "There are these mutations rendered adaptive in certain environments and persist over time," he explained. “So it could be just that, which would be remarkable all on its own.” Also read | Mexican congress deems three-fingered mummies 'real,' but refrains from confirming alien origins Human… or hybrid? But not everyone is convinced. José Zace of the Mexican Navy’s medical division, who is part of the team examining the so-called alien mummies, said tests showed 70 per cent of the DNA matches humans — the other 30 per cent, he claims, is "completely different." Dr David Ruiz Vela meanwhile, suggested they might even be hybrids, with traits pointing to natural interbreeding between early human and primate groups in Asia and Africa thousands of years ago. That's why Michels wants biotech giant Colossal Biosciences — famous for resurrecting the dire wolf — to run their advanced DNA tests on the mummies. "If the (Peru) government won't allow a top American biotech company to use their proprietary ancient DNA testing techniques on these mummies, then I don't know what else you need to understand their position on the subject," he told the Daily Mail. https://www.wionews.com/videos/its-all-in-the-name-astronomers-clash-over-renaming-galaxies-for-a-more-inclusive-cosmos-659401/embed So what are they? Humans with rare mutations? Primitive hybrids? Or the remains of something alien? Whatever the answer, Peru's "alien" mystery is far from buried.

Scientists have made a new shocking revelation about Peru’s Nazca “alien mummies” — three-fingered, three-toed remains found in 2015. Are they humans with rare mutations? Primitive hybrids? Or the remains of something alien?&nbsp;

Peru's 'alien mummies' mystery deepens: Scientists say they’re human…but not entirely - All you need to know

Scientists have issued a dire warning about the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that is on the verge of collapsing. According to a study, the ice mass that covers around 760,000 square miles of area is weakening, and if it completely melts, the sea levels could rise to such catastrophic levels that several cities across the world will fully submerge. Researchers from the Australian National University warned that the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels will spell doom for many coastal areas. Their analysis shows that when the ice sheet collapses, sea levels could rise by more than 9.8ft. Dr Nerilie Abram, the lead author of the study, said, "Rapid change has already been detected across Antarctica's ice, oceans and ecosystems, and this is set to worsen with every fraction of a degree of global warming." The destruction would be so massive, that it would affect several generations to come. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/scientists-detect-signs-that-mammoth-rivers-flowed-in-antarctica-80-million-years-ago-1752831341102">Scientists detect signs that mammoth rivers flowed in Antarctica 80 million years ago</a>&nbsp;The researchers set off to understand the consequences if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsed. This led to chilling findings that could prove catastrophic for the world. Besides the direct effects, a gamut of "knock–on effects" would be felt, "including making the floating ice shelves around Antarctica more susceptible to wave–driven collapse," Dr Abram said. "The decline in Antarctic sea ice and the slowdown of deep circulation in the Southern Ocean are showing worrying signs of being more susceptible to a warming climate than previously thought," he said, raising concern that a grave scenario could be unfolding. The changes in the amount of solar heat being retained in the climate system will make the Antarctic region even warmer, according to the study. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/uttarkashi-cloudburst-what-is-it-why-is-it-frequent-and-devastating-than-ever-climate-change-link-you-should-know-uttarakhand-himachal-rains-weather-1754464386746">What is a cloudburst and why are they more frequent and devastating than ever?</a>&nbsp;The effects will be felt in Antarctica itself, where the wildlife and ocean ecosystems will take a massive hit, Professor Matthew England, co–author of the study, said. Emperor penguins can go extinct since their "chicks depend on a stable sea ice habitat prior to growing their waterproof feathers." The chicks have been affected by early sea ice breakout events in the past as well. Entire colonies of penguin chicks have been lost around the Antarctic coast, and multiple breeding events have failed in the last decade, England said. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/511-billion-barrels-of-oil-discovered-in-antarctica-can-trigger-world-war-1752036274384">511 billion barrels of oil discovered in Antarctica can trigger World War. Here's how</a>&nbsp;<h2>Which cities in the world will submerge if sea level rises?</h2> If the sea level does rise by 9.8 ft in the future, hundreds of coastal cities around the world will go underwater. Climate Central's Coastal Risk Screening Tool is a platform that can tell exactly which places will be flooded entirely if the warning issued by the researchers comes true. In the UK, the east coast would be worst affected. Hull, Skegness and Grimsby would go under, while parts of London would also be hit. The West Coast cities can also be submerged in this scenario. In Europe, major parts of the Netherlands, Venice, Montpellier, and southern Denmark will go underwater. In the US, &nbsp;the Southern states are likely to be affected. &nbsp;New Orleans in Louisiana, Galveston in Texas and the Everglades in Florida will bear the brunt. &nbsp;

Antarctica: Scientists have warned that a global catastrophe is on the horizon as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet weakens. One of the largest ice masses in the world can collapse and raise sea levels by over 9 feet, submerging entire cities across the world.

Scientists have issued a dire warning about the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that is on the verge of collapsing. According to a study, the ice mass that covers around 760,000 square miles of area is weakening, and if it completely melts, the sea levels could rise to such catastrophic levels that several cities across the world will fully submerge. Researchers from the Australian National University warned that the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels will spell doom for many coastal areas. Their analysis shows that when the ice sheet collapses, sea levels could rise by more than 9.8ft. Dr Nerilie Abram, the lead author of the study, said, "Rapid change has already been detected across Antarctica's ice, oceans and ecosystems, and this is set to worsen with every fraction of a degree of global warming." The destruction would be so massive, that it would affect several generations to come. Also Read: Scientists detect signs that mammoth rivers flowed in Antarctica 80 million years ago The researchers set off to understand the consequences if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsed. This led to chilling findings that could prove catastrophic for the world. Besides the direct effects, a gamut of "knock–on effects" would be felt, "including making the floating ice shelves around Antarctica more susceptible to wave–driven collapse," Dr Abram said. "The decline in Antarctic sea ice and the slowdown of deep circulation in the Southern Ocean are showing worrying signs of being more susceptible to a warming climate than previously thought," he said, raising concern that a grave scenario could be unfolding. The changes in the amount of solar heat being retained in the climate system will make the Antarctic region even warmer, according to the study. Also Read: What is a cloudburst and why are they more frequent and devastating than ever? The effects will be felt in Antarctica itself, where the wildlife and ocean ecosystems will take a massive hit, Professor Matthew England, co–author of the study, said. Emperor penguins can go extinct since their "chicks depend on a stable sea ice habitat prior to growing their waterproof feathers." The chicks have been affected by early sea ice breakout events in the past as well. Entire colonies of penguin chicks have been lost around the Antarctic coast, and multiple breeding events have failed in the last decade, England said. Also Read: 511 billion barrels of oil discovered in Antarctica can trigger World War. Here's how Which cities in the world will submerge if sea level rises? If the sea level does rise by 9.8 ft in the future, hundreds of coastal cities around the world will go underwater. Climate Central's Coastal Risk Screening Tool is a platform that can tell exactly which places will be flooded entirely if the warning issued by the researchers comes true. In the UK, the east coast would be worst affected. Hull, Skegness and Grimsby would go under, while parts of London would also be hit. The West Coast cities can also be submerged in this scenario. In Europe, major parts of the Netherlands, Venice, Montpellier, and southern Denmark will go underwater. In the US, the Southern states are likely to be affected. New Orleans in Louisiana, Galveston in Texas and the Everglades in Florida will bear the brunt.

Antarctica: Scientists have warned that a global catastrophe is on the horizon as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet weakens. One of the largest ice masses in the world can collapse and raise sea levels by over 9 feet, submerging entire cities across the world.

Scientists issue ominous warning as West Antarctic Ice Sheet weakens. Extinction risk for...

The Three-Body Problem is a real challenge in astrodynamics. It describes the complex gravitational interactions between three celestial bodies, making precise orbital calculations difficult. For mission planners, this problem is both a source of complexity and an opportunity: if navigated carefully, it can allow spacecraft to enter stable orbits with significantly reduced fuel requirements.&nbsp;<h2>Using moons for gravity assists</h2>&nbsp;A recent study by researchers at the Beijing Institute of Technology, published in Acta Astronautica, explores how spacecraft could leverage gravity assists from planetary moons to enter more efficient orbits. Traditional gravity assists are used to increase a spacecraft's speed by slingshotting around a planet. This research, however, demonstrates that the same technique can be used to slow a spacecraft down, reducing the energy, and therefore fuel, required to achieve a stable orbit around a planet.&nbsp;Large planets with multiple moons, such as Jupiter, are ideal candidates. The study simulated a flyby of Callisto, one of Jupiter’s four major Galilean moons, and found a measurable decrease in fuel consumption needed to achieve a stable orbit within the Jovian system. While missions like the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) cannot retroactively benefit, future missions could see substantial savings.&nbsp;<h2>Weak stability boundaries and trajectory mapping</h2>&nbsp;The study also highlights the use of weak stability boundaries (WSBs), regions in space where the gravitational pulls from two bodies nearly cancel out. WSBs allow a spacecraft to transition from an escape trajectory to a stable orbit with minimal energy expenditure. To identify these regions, scientists employ Poincaré Mapping, which records the position and velocity of an object at regular intervals across a mathematical plane. Simulating enough points can reveal pathways to stable trajectories.The presence of moons increases the number of potential WSBs. For instance, Jupiter’s 97 moons provide multiple opportunities for gravity-assisted orbit insertion, giving mission designers greater flexibility and reducing overall mission cost.&nbsp;<h2>Future prospects</h2>&nbsp;Beyond fuel savings, moon-assisted trajectories could have other applications. Past research suggests that certain planetary systems, such as Neptune and Triton, could theoretically capture interstellar objects if conditions align perfectly. While this is largely serendipitous, controlled moon flybys remain within human reach, offering predictable reductions in fuel requirements and enabling more ambitious interplanetary missions.&nbsp;This research opens new avenues in astrodynamics, presenting both a practical tool for future spacecraft and a rich area for theoretical exploration. By harnessing the gravitational interplay of moons and planets, scientists can design more efficient, cost-effective missions, extending humanity’s reach into the solar system.&nbsp;

This research, however, demonstrates that the same technique can be used to slow a spacecraft down, reducing the energy, and therefore fuel, required to achieve a stable orbit around a planet.

The Three-Body Problem is a real challenge in astrodynamics. It describes the complex gravitational interactions between three celestial bodies, making precise orbital calculations difficult. For mission planners, this problem is both a source of complexity and an opportunity: if navigated carefully, it can allow spacecraft to enter stable orbits with significantly reduced fuel requirements. Using moons for gravity assists A recent study by researchers at the Beijing Institute of Technology, published in Acta Astronautica, explores how spacecraft could leverage gravity assists from planetary moons to enter more efficient orbits. Traditional gravity assists are used to increase a spacecraft's speed by slingshotting around a planet. This research, however, demonstrates that the same technique can be used to slow a spacecraft down, reducing the energy, and therefore fuel, required to achieve a stable orbit around a planet. Large planets with multiple moons, such as Jupiter, are ideal candidates. The study simulated a flyby of Callisto, one of Jupiter’s four major Galilean moons, and found a measurable decrease in fuel consumption needed to achieve a stable orbit within the Jovian system. While missions like the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) cannot retroactively benefit, future missions could see substantial savings. Weak stability boundaries and trajectory mapping The study also highlights the use of weak stability boundaries (WSBs), regions in space where the gravitational pulls from two bodies nearly cancel out. WSBs allow a spacecraft to transition from an escape trajectory to a stable orbit with minimal energy expenditure. To identify these regions, scientists employ Poincaré Mapping, which records the position and velocity of an object at regular intervals across a mathematical plane. Simulating enough points can reveal pathways to stable trajectories. The presence of moons increases the number of potential WSBs. For instance, Jupiter’s 97 moons provide multiple opportunities for gravity-assisted orbit insertion, giving mission designers greater flexibility and reducing overall mission cost. Future prospects Beyond fuel savings, moon-assisted trajectories could have other applications. Past research suggests that certain planetary systems, such as Neptune and Triton, could theoretically capture interstellar objects if conditions align perfectly. While this is largely serendipitous, controlled moon flybys remain within human reach, offering predictable reductions in fuel requirements and enabling more ambitious interplanetary missions. This research opens new avenues in astrodynamics, presenting both a practical tool for future spacecraft and a rich area for theoretical exploration. By harnessing the gravitational interplay of moons and planets, scientists can design more efficient, cost-effective missions, extending humanity’s reach into the solar system.

This research, however, demonstrates that the same technique can be used to slow a spacecraft down, reducing the energy, and therefore fuel, required to achieve a stable orbit around a planet.

Moon flybys could slash space mission fuel costs by millions, scientists reveal

The X-37B space plane goes on secretive missions for days to carry out tests and experiments for the US Space Force. It is set to be launched again this week from NASA's Kennedy Space Centre near Cape Canaveral. Its launch and landing techniques are quite unique.

The X-37B space plane goes on secretive missions for days to carry out tests and experiments for the US Space Force. It is set to be launched again this week from NASA's Kennedy Space Centre near Cape Canaveral. Its launch and landing techniques are quite unique.

What is the X-37B 'secretive' space plane that US Space Force launches this week?

Where do interstellar objects come from? Scientists have revealed where Oumuamua, 2I/Borisov, and 3I/Atlas originated in space, and also their age. One of them is almost as old as Earth. Where are they headed?

Where do interstellar objects come from? Scientists have revealed where 1I/'Oumuamua, 2I/Borisov, and 3I/Atlas originated in space, and also their age. One of them is almost as old as Earth. Where are they headed?

Where did interstellar objects 1I/'Oumuamua, 2I/Borisov, and 3I/Atlas come from? And where are they going?

Mosquitoes are among the world's deadliest animals, with some species having earned this title by transmitting life-threatening diseases that kill millions every year. From Aedes aegypti to Anopheles, here are the top 5 World's deadliest Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are among the world's deadliest animals, with some species having earned this title by transmitting life-threatening diseases that kill millions every year. From Aedes aegypti to Anopheles, here are the top 5 world's deadliest Mosquitoes

Aedes aegypti to Anopheles: The world's deadliest mosquitoes

A Black Moon is set to rise in the night sky this weekend, and has led people to ask whether the rare astronomical event is linked to bad occurrences or any doomsday prophecies. A passage from the Bible supposedly references a Black Moon, apparently hinting that it is an ominous sign for the world. Mark 13:24 warns, "The sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light." This is exactly what happens when the Black Moon rises - it is dark and you cannot see it. However, whether the passage can be linked to an ominous occurrence isn't clear. Unlike Blue Moon or Pink Moon, which are simply full moons without the colours mentioned next to their names, a "Black Moon" is, in fact, black. According to NASA, it is simply "a second new moon that happens in one calendar month." Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/unusually-large-orange-full-moon-greets-earthlings-why-was-the-moon-orange-1752290985842">Unusually large orange full moon greets Earthlings. Why was the moon orange?</a><h2>Reason for a Black Moon and can we see it?&nbsp;</h2>NASA explains the reason behind the moon being invisible to humans on Earth in this scenario. According to the space agency, only the far side of the moon is illuminated by sunlight at this time, while the side facing Earth remains dark. This is why it cannot be seen at this time. Experts say that while rare, a second new moon in the same month can happen if the first one occurs at the beginning of the month. In fact, "Black Moon" is not even an official name assigned to it. Explaining the cycle of a new moon, NASA says that it takes 29.5 days for the moon to shift from a new moon to a full moon. The former has absolutely no illumination as seen from Earth, while a full moon is known for being fully bright. The cycle repeats, and it returns to a new moon. The time period is shorter than the average calendar month, which sometimes allows for two new moons in the same month. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/asteroid-2024-yr4-moon-earth-collision-2032-space-rock-1749628743606">What will happen on Dec 22, 2032? Not good things for our Moon, as scientists await major event</a>Also Read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/total-solar-eclipse-2027-six-minutes-darkness-which-countries-cities-india-1752728414715"> 6-minute total solar eclipse will plunge major parts of world into darkness. Is your city on the list?</a><h2>Black Moon meaning in astrology</h2> Astronomers are clear that it is a cosmic event with a scientific explanation and does not pose any reason for worry. However, in astrology, a Black Moon holds significance. According to some astrology textbooks, the Black Moon signifies a powerful reset. It states that it is the best time to set goals and intentions, manifest dreams and embrace change. It is also the time to reflect on oneself, connect within and keep what you need and release the rest.&nbsp;<h2>When will the Black Moon rise?</h2>The Black Moon will rise on August 22 and will reach its peak at around 12 am ET in the Western Hemisphere. In other parts of the world, the cosmic wonder will happen on Saturday. However, there is nothing to really see since the moon won't be visible.&nbsp;<h2>When is the next Black Moon?</h2>The next Black Moon is scheduled to happen on August 20, 2028. It typically occurs once every 33 months.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Black Moon rises: The rare astronomical event occurs once every 33 months. It is set to peak on August 22 this year. Some people are wondering whether it is linked to any ominous warnings. What does astrology say about the Black Moon?

A Black Moon is set to rise in the night sky this weekend, and has led people to ask whether the rare astronomical event is linked to bad occurrences or any doomsday prophecies. A passage from the Bible supposedly references a Black Moon, apparently hinting that it is an ominous sign for the world. Mark 13:24 warns, "The sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light." This is exactly what happens when the Black Moon rises - it is dark and you cannot see it. However, whether the passage can be linked to an ominous occurrence isn't clear. Unlike Blue Moon or Pink Moon, which are simply full moons without the colours mentioned next to their names, a "Black Moon" is, in fact, black. According to NASA, it is simply "a second new moon that happens in one calendar month." Also Read: Unusually large orange full moon greets Earthlings. Why was the moon orange? Reason for a Black Moon and can we see it? NASA explains the reason behind the moon being invisible to humans on Earth in this scenario. According to the space agency, only the far side of the moon is illuminated by sunlight at this time, while the side facing Earth remains dark. This is why it cannot be seen at this time. Experts say that while rare, a second new moon in the same month can happen if the first one occurs at the beginning of the month. In fact, "Black Moon" is not even an official name assigned to it. Explaining the cycle of a new moon, NASA says that it takes 29.5 days for the moon to shift from a new moon to a full moon. The former has absolutely no illumination as seen from Earth, while a full moon is known for being fully bright. The cycle repeats, and it returns to a new moon. The time period is shorter than the average calendar month, which sometimes allows for two new moons in the same month. Also Read: What will happen on Dec 22, 2032? Not good things for our Moon, as scientists await major event Also Read: 6-minute total solar eclipse will plunge major parts of world into darkness. Is your city on the list? Black Moon meaning in astrology Astronomers are clear that it is a cosmic event with a scientific explanation and does not pose any reason for worry. However, in astrology, a Black Moon holds significance. According to some astrology textbooks, the Black Moon signifies a powerful reset. It states that it is the best time to set goals and intentions, manifest dreams and embrace change. It is also the time to reflect on oneself, connect within and keep what you need and release the rest. When will the Black Moon rise? The Black Moon will rise on August 22 and will reach its peak at around 12 am ET in the Western Hemisphere. In other parts of the world, the cosmic wonder will happen on Saturday. However, there is nothing to really see since the moon won't be visible. When is the next Black Moon? The next Black Moon is scheduled to happen on August 20, 2028. It typically occurs once every 33 months.

Black Moon rises: The rare astronomical event occurs once every 33 months. It is set to peak on August 22 this year. Some people are wondering whether it is linked to any ominous warnings. What does astrology say about the Black Moon?

Black Moon astrological meaning: A powerful reset and a time to manifest dreams

On the vast ice sheets of Earth's North pole, Russian Space agency Roscosmos has tested space rovers that are meant to potentially traverse icy space bodies such as the shadowed regions on Earth's moon, polar regions of Mars, among others. This experiment was carried out during the North Polar expedition undertaken by the Russian Nuclear Power agency Rosatom's Nuclear-powered icebreaker ship “50 years of Victory.”&nbsp;"Russian Space Agency Roscosmos is working with Russian Nuclear Agency Rosatom. We will be testing prototypes of various technologies, including robotic rovers that can operate on icy planets. We will also explore and study the possibility of human spaceflight over the earth's polar regions," Andrei Babkin, test cosmonaut, Deputy Commander of the Roscosmos Cosmonaut Team, told WION's Sidharth MP in Murmansk.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Russia's Nuclear agency Rosatom,&nbsp; Russian robotic rovers are being tested for the first time ever in the harsh conditions of the North Pole.&nbsp;From Murmansk in Northwestern Russia, the 160-meter-long vessel set sail for the North pole in the second week of August and reached there this week. Nuclear icebreakers are unique ships that are meant to traverse the icy Arctic ocean, cut a passage through the ice and clear a path for commercial shipping. Russia's Atomflot (Atomic Fleet) is the world's only operator of such Nuclear-powered icebreakers.&nbsp;&nbsp;Read More |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/3-years-after-its-debut-india-s-sslv-rocket-doesn-t-have-a-market-1754661417923"> 3 years after its debut, India’s SSLV rocket doesn’t have a market?</a>&nbsp;The North Polar expedition, titled "Icebreaker of Knowledge", ferried over 60 high-school students from 21 nations. These students were selected on the basis on competitions conducted in their respective nations. The students hail from India,&nbsp;Brazil, Bolivia, Egypt, Indonesia, China, among others.&nbsp;This expedition marks the 80th anniversary of Russia's nuclear industry and the 500th anniversary since the beginning of the development of the Northern Sea Route, a short Europe-Asia shipping route via Russia's frozen Arctic region.&nbsp;&nbsp;Indian student Aayush Goyal is among those participating in the Russian North Polar expedition. "Feels like I'm on top of the world... this is something no movie can capture... In terms of science, it provides experience and exposure, it'll give me the motivation and fire to pursue it more," he told WION. Russian and foreign scientists, engineers, specialists in the nuclear and space industries, are also part of the expedition.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Roscosmos and Rosatom tested space rovers on the North Pole’s ice aboard the nuclear icebreaker “50 Years of Victory.” The “Icebreaker of Knowledge” expedition included 60+ students from 21 countries, marking Russia’s nuclear industry anniversary and advancing tech for icy space exploration.

On the vast ice sheets of Earth's North pole, Russian Space agency Roscosmos has tested space rovers that are meant to potentially traverse icy space bodies such as the shadowed regions on Earth's moon, polar regions of Mars, among others. This experiment was carried out during the North Polar expedition undertaken by the Russian Nuclear Power agency Rosatom's Nuclear-powered icebreaker ship “50 years of Victory.” "Russian Space Agency Roscosmos is working with Russian Nuclear Agency Rosatom. We will be testing prototypes of various technologies, including robotic rovers that can operate on icy planets. We will also explore and study the possibility of human spaceflight over the earth's polar regions," Andrei Babkin, test cosmonaut, Deputy Commander of the Roscosmos Cosmonaut Team, told WION's Sidharth MP in Murmansk. According to Russia's Nuclear agency Rosatom, Russian robotic rovers are being tested for the first time ever in the harsh conditions of the North Pole. From Murmansk in Northwestern Russia, the 160-meter-long vessel set sail for the North pole in the second week of August and reached there this week. Nuclear icebreakers are unique ships that are meant to traverse the icy Arctic ocean, cut a passage through the ice and clear a path for commercial shipping. Russia's Atomflot (Atomic Fleet) is the world's only operator of such Nuclear-powered icebreakers. Read More | 3 years after its debut, India’s SSLV rocket doesn’t have a market? The North Polar expedition, titled "Icebreaker of Knowledge", ferried over 60 high-school students from 21 nations. These students were selected on the basis on competitions conducted in their respective nations. The students hail from India, Brazil, Bolivia, Egypt, Indonesia, China, among others. This expedition marks the 80th anniversary of Russia's nuclear industry and the 500th anniversary since the beginning of the development of the Northern Sea Route, a short Europe-Asia shipping route via Russia's frozen Arctic region. Indian student Aayush Goyal is among those participating in the Russian North Polar expedition. "Feels like I'm on top of the world... this is something no movie can capture... In terms of science, it provides experience and exposure, it'll give me the motivation and fire to pursue it more," he told WION. Russian and foreign scientists, engineers, specialists in the nuclear and space industries, are also part of the expedition.

Roscosmos and Rosatom tested space rovers on the North Pole’s ice aboard the nuclear icebreaker “50 Years of Victory.” The “Icebreaker of Knowledge” expedition included 60+ students from 21 countries, marking Russia’s nuclear industry anniversary and advancing tech for icy space exploration.

Exclusive: Russia tests space rover on North Polar ice sheet

Harvard scientist Avi Loeb wants to send a message to the interstellar object, which he claims could be an alien spacecraft that has come to probe Earth and the other planets. He has suggested sending a very specific message to the aliens who he thinks have sent the interstellar object that is hurtling towards us. Loeb has openly claimed on several occasions that the interstellar object is not a natural space rock that was shaped in the universe, but an alien "mothership" that has entered the solar system to probe not only Earth but also other planets. If this is the case, &nbsp;Loeb has suggested humans should reach out to the extraterrestrial beings. He told reporters that the message sent to aliens should be in Morse code. This is what the message should read - "Hello, welcome to our neighbourhood. Peace!" These are the precise words Loeb says humans need to send across to make contact with the alien civilisation. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/scientist-claims-mystery-interstellar-object-is-here-to-test-human-intelligence-and-we-have-already-failed-here-s-why-1755585246596">Scientist claims mystery interstellar object is here to test human intelligence, and we have already failed. Here's why</a>Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/baba-vanga-predicted-alien-contact-in-2025-interstellar-spaceship-comet-solar-system-1754538939635">Baba Vanga Predicted Alien Contact In 2025. Is Interstellar 'Mothership' Hurtling Towards Earth Them Reaching Out?</a>&nbsp;<h2>Loeb wants world leaders to prepare for alien attack</h2>Earlier, Loeb also asked world leaders to come together and prepare a plan of action to tackle the alien spacecraft. He said it is imperative that humans are ready if the "alien mothership" attacks Earth. &nbsp;"I believe that we need an international organisation that will make policy decisions about such an object," he told Newsnation in an interview. Loeb has pointed to several things that don't make sense for a comet, according to him. He cited data from the Hubble Space Telescope to state that there is no tail on the object. "There were claims of a tail. But since 3I/ATLAS is accelerating and its current size is not much larger than the angular resolution of Earth-based telescopes, it is not easy to avoid fictitious elongation of the image as a result of the object's motion." Also Read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/harvard-scientist-calls-on-world-leaders-to-prepare-common-plan-on-alien-attack-1755064546960"> 3I/ATLAS and its 'intent': Harvard scientist calls on world leaders to prepare for an alien attack</a>&nbsp;https://www.wionews.com/videos/mystery-rock-or-interstellar-drone-scientists-debate-hostile-alien-craft-1753979384644/embed&nbsp;<h2>Are humans fit to be called intelligent civilisations in the Milky Way?</h2>Another theory proposed by Loeb about the purpose of the spaceship's visit to the solar system is that it is here to ascertain whether or not humans are capable of being termed "a high status in the class of intelligent civilisations within the Milky Way galaxy." Loeb wrote in a blog that those who are not open to the idea that the object could be something other than a space rock would be quickly canned as non-intelligent by the aliens. Almost all astronomers agree that the object is a comet, except Loeb. He says that its size, speed, and the light around it all indicate that it is not natural. Firstly, interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is quite large, and Loeb is convinced it could not have taken the trip from interstellar space if it were a space rock. Secondly, he cites its strange trajectory, which is abnormal for a naturall-occurring space rock.&nbsp;

Humans should send a very specific message to the aliens who have sent the interstellar object that is crashing through our solar system right now. A Harvard scientist thinks it could be an alien spaceship, and humans need to be prepared.

Harvard scientist Avi Loeb wants to send a message to the interstellar object, which he claims could be an alien spacecraft that has come to probe Earth and the other planets. He has suggested sending a very specific message to the aliens who he thinks have sent the interstellar object that is hurtling towards us. Loeb has openly claimed on several occasions that the interstellar object is not a natural space rock that was shaped in the universe, but an alien "mothership" that has entered the solar system to probe not only Earth but also other planets. If this is the case, Loeb has suggested humans should reach out to the extraterrestrial beings. He told reporters that the message sent to aliens should be in Morse code. This is what the message should read - "Hello, welcome to our neighbourhood. Peace!" These are the precise words Loeb says humans need to send across to make contact with the alien civilisation. Also Read: Scientist claims mystery interstellar object is here to test human intelligence, and we have already failed. Here's why Also Read: Baba Vanga Predicted Alien Contact In 2025. Is Interstellar 'Mothership' Hurtling Towards Earth Them Reaching Out? Loeb wants world leaders to prepare for alien attack Earlier, Loeb also asked world leaders to come together and prepare a plan of action to tackle the alien spacecraft. He said it is imperative that humans are ready if the "alien mothership" attacks Earth. "I believe that we need an international organisation that will make policy decisions about such an object," he told Newsnation in an interview. Loeb has pointed to several things that don't make sense for a comet, according to him. He cited data from the Hubble Space Telescope to state that there is no tail on the object. "There were claims of a tail. But since 3I/ATLAS is accelerating and its current size is not much larger than the angular resolution of Earth-based telescopes, it is not easy to avoid fictitious elongation of the image as a result of the object's motion." Also Read: 3I/ATLAS and its 'intent': Harvard scientist calls on world leaders to prepare for an alien attack https://www.wionews.com/videos/mystery-rock-or-interstellar-drone-scientists-debate-hostile-alien-craft-1753979384644/embed Are humans fit to be called intelligent civilisations in the Milky Way? Another theory proposed by Loeb about the purpose of the spaceship's visit to the solar system is that it is here to ascertain whether or not humans are capable of being termed "a high status in the class of intelligent civilisations within the Milky Way galaxy." Loeb wrote in a blog that those who are not open to the idea that the object could be something other than a space rock would be quickly canned as non-intelligent by the aliens. Almost all astronomers agree that the object is a comet, except Loeb. He says that its size, speed, and the light around it all indicate that it is not natural. Firstly, interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is quite large, and Loeb is convinced it could not have taken the trip from interstellar space if it were a space rock. Secondly, he cites its strange trajectory, which is abnormal for a naturall-occurring space rock.

Humans should send a very specific message to the aliens who have sent the interstellar object that is crashing through our solar system right now. A Harvard scientist thinks it could be an alien spaceship, and humans need to be prepared.

A message in Morse: Humans should reach out to interstellar 'mothership', scientist says

Harvard scientist Avi Loeb has claimed that the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS hurtling towards the inner solar system is an alien spaceship sent by an advanced civilisation. Other astronomers agree that it is a comet, but Loeb has proposed his alternate theory, one that has been dismissed by almost every other expert. This could have flagged humans as undeserving of a "high status in the class of intelligent civilisations within the Milky Way galaxy." Loeb has now claimed that the probe is something like a Turing Test for humanity. He says that anyone who dismisses the object as a space rock could have failed the test in the eyes of an extraterrestrial being. Interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is only the third visitor to our solar system from outer space. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/baba-vanga-predicted-alien-contact-in-2025-interstellar-spaceship-comet-solar-system-1754538939635">Baba Vanga Predicted Alien Contact In 2025. Is Interstellar 'Mothership' Hurtling Towards Earth Them Reaching Out?</a>Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/when-will-alien-invasion-on-earth-happen-spacecraft-ship-probe-1754106497174">Scientist reveals HOW and WHEN alien 'mothership' could attack Earth, warns governments to take action</a>&nbsp;<h2>Interstellar ‘mothership’ is here to test human intelligence: Loeb</h2>In a new blog post, Loeb explained what the aliens could be trying to do with the "mothership" they have sent to the solar system. He wrote, "It is well known to any interstellar traveller that there are plenty of icy rocks in planetary systems. These constitute the leftover building blocks from the construction process of the planets." He argued that since space rocks impact the Earth on a regular basis, "an alien might assume that any intelligent observer on Earth must be familiar" with them. He then went on to point at "terrestrial comet expert" Chris Lintott of Oxford, who called his "alien spaceship" theory &nbsp;"nonsense on stilts", to say, that aliens who come across someone who dismisses the idea, will "justifiably conclude that humans failed the test and do not deserve a high status in the class of intelligent civilizations within the Milky-Way galaxy." Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/harvard-scientist-calls-on-world-leaders-to-prepare-common-plan-on-alien-attack-1755064546960">3I/ATLAS and its 'intent': Harvard scientist calls on world leaders to prepare for an alien attack</a>&nbsp;<h2>Why Loeb thinks 3I/ATLAS could be an alien ship</h2>Loeb has presented several arguments to claim that 3I/ATLAS is not a natural occurrence, and there is a high chance that it is a probe sent by an advanced alien civilisation. He thinks that astronomers across the world who have quickly labelled it a comet have missed out on the crucial clues that it is hiding. Loeb cited Hubble telescope images to state that even though the object has a "glow" ahead of it, it doesn't have a tail, as is common with comets. He added in a blog post that there is "no evidence for a bright cometary tail in the opposite direction." While astronomers think that this shows that the dust was evaporating from the object's Sun-facing side. However, Loeb claims the object is creating its own light. He wrote that it is a "spacecraft powered by nuclear energy, and the dust emitted from its frontal surface might be from dirt that accumulated on its surface during its interstellar travel." Also Read: A<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/alien-attack-in-november-harvard-scientist-flags-mysterious-object-hurtling-towards-earth-1753526257304">lien attack in November? Harvard scientists warn mysterious object hurtling towards Earth</a>&nbsp;Loeb has suggested a way to approach the "spacecraft" - send a Morse code message to 3I/ATLAS, and wait for a response. He told reporters the exact message humans should send to the aliens - "Hello, welcome to our neighbourhood. Peace!"

 Mysterious interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is here to test human intelligence, Harvard scientist Avi Loeb has claimed. He says if we are not able to comprehend how it could be different from a space rock, then we do not deserve a place “in the class of intelligent civilisations.” 

Harvard scientist Avi Loeb has claimed that the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS hurtling towards the inner solar system is an alien spaceship sent by an advanced civilisation. Other astronomers agree that it is a comet, but Loeb has proposed his alternate theory, one that has been dismissed by almost every other expert. This could have flagged humans as undeserving of a "high status in the class of intelligent civilisations within the Milky Way galaxy." Loeb has now claimed that the probe is something like a Turing Test for humanity. He says that anyone who dismisses the object as a space rock could have failed the test in the eyes of an extraterrestrial being. Interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is only the third visitor to our solar system from outer space. Also Read: Baba Vanga Predicted Alien Contact In 2025. Is Interstellar 'Mothership' Hurtling Towards Earth Them Reaching Out? Also Read: Scientist reveals HOW and WHEN alien 'mothership' could attack Earth, warns governments to take action Interstellar ‘mothership’ is here to test human intelligence: Loeb In a new blog post, Loeb explained what the aliens could be trying to do with the "mothership" they have sent to the solar system. He wrote, "It is well known to any interstellar traveller that there are plenty of icy rocks in planetary systems. These constitute the leftover building blocks from the construction process of the planets." He argued that since space rocks impact the Earth on a regular basis, "an alien might assume that any intelligent observer on Earth must be familiar" with them. He then went on to point at "terrestrial comet expert" Chris Lintott of Oxford, who called his "alien spaceship" theory "nonsense on stilts", to say, that aliens who come across someone who dismisses the idea, will "justifiably conclude that humans failed the test and do not deserve a high status in the class of intelligent civilizations within the Milky-Way galaxy." Also Read: 3I/ATLAS and its 'intent': Harvard scientist calls on world leaders to prepare for an alien attack Why Loeb thinks 3I/ATLAS could be an alien ship Loeb has presented several arguments to claim that 3I/ATLAS is not a natural occurrence, and there is a high chance that it is a probe sent by an advanced alien civilisation. He thinks that astronomers across the world who have quickly labelled it a comet have missed out on the crucial clues that it is hiding. Loeb cited Hubble telescope images to state that even though the object has a "glow" ahead of it, it doesn't have a tail, as is common with comets. He added in a blog post that there is "no evidence for a bright cometary tail in the opposite direction." While astronomers think that this shows that the dust was evaporating from the object's Sun-facing side. However, Loeb claims the object is creating its own light. He wrote that it is a "spacecraft powered by nuclear energy, and the dust emitted from its frontal surface might be from dirt that accumulated on its surface during its interstellar travel." Also Read: Alien attack in November? Harvard scientists warn mysterious object hurtling towards Earth Loeb has suggested a way to approach the "spacecraft" - send a Morse code message to 3I/ATLAS, and wait for a response. He told reporters the exact message humans should send to the aliens - "Hello, welcome to our neighbourhood. Peace!"

&nbsp;Mysterious interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is here to test human intelligence, Harvard scientist Avi Loeb has claimed. He says if we are not able to comprehend how it could be different from a space rock, then we do not deserve a place “in the class of intelligent civilisations.”&nbsp;

Scientist claims mystery interstellar object is here to test human intelligence, and we have already failed. Here's why

Asteroid 99942 Apophis threatened Earth with a mega impact in 2029, but not any more. NASA has cleared the space rock, which would make a close flyby. However, what if it were to hit Earth? Could it kill all life on the planet? Understanding the scenario

Asteroid 99942 Apophis threatened Earth with a mega impact in 2029, but not any more. NASA has cleared the space rock, which would make a close flyby. However, what if it were to hit Earth? Could it kill all life on the planet? Understanding the scenario

What would happen if asteroid Apophis hits Earth? Would it be a life-ending event?

A television show led scientists to discover the largest Anaconda in the Amazon that could take the title for the world's largest snake. The snake was identified during Will Smith's TV show for National Geographic and is 20.7 feet long. Scientists think this massive new species of anaconda can change what humans know about these mammoth snakes. Professor Bryan Fry, a herpetologist from The University of Queensland, led the expedition for &nbsp;Pole to Pole with Will Smith. The indigenous Waorani hunters helped the team reach the anaconda. Researchers acknowledged that the discovery would not have been possible without the help of the Waorani. This species of anaconda has been named the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima). Anacondas are known to be large, but this snake spotted in the Amazon is a new species. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com//world/watch-giant-python-with-human-shaped-bulge-spotted-floating-in-thai-floodwaters-782062">Giant python with 'human-shaped' bulge spotted floating in Thai floodwaters</a>&nbsp;<h2>The Waorani people led the team to the anaconda</h2>Fry and the team worked with the Waorani people, who regard the anacondas as sacred. They are also well versed with the rainforest and took the team on hand-carved canoes along narrow river systems. The 10-day expedition through the Bameno region ultimately led the researchers to reach a place in the Amazon where these anacondas are known to hide. The Waorani had seen these snakes previously as well and so took the team to the exact place where they saw the anacondas residing in shallow waters, hiding from their prey. “They knew where to look. They’ve lived with these creatures for generations,” Fry said. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/burmese-python-swallows-a-whole-deer-shattering-beliefs-about-its-last-limits-770654">Burmese python swallows a whole deer shattering beliefs about its last limits</a>&nbsp;<h2>24-feet-long anacondas?</h2>According to Fry, the Waorani people have seen several large snakes in the rainforest. This includes some that are over 7.5 meters (more than 24 feet) long. However, anacondas of this length have never been documented. The northern green anaconda is larger than the southern green anaconda and quite different. The largest snake reliably documented is a reticulated python that was 7.67 meters long. Now, with the discovery of this new anaconda species, scientists are sure that even though the 24-foot anacondas have never been seen, there is a high chance they exist and have simply never been discovered. &nbsp;

A new species of anaconda measuring 20.7 feet has been discovered in the Amazon rainforest. It happened when a team of researchers went on an expedition for a TV show with the help of the indigenous Waorani hunters. 

A television show led scientists to discover the largest Anaconda in the Amazon that could take the title for the world's largest snake. The snake was identified during Will Smith's TV show for National Geographic and is 20.7 feet long. Scientists think this massive new species of anaconda can change what humans know about these mammoth snakes. Professor Bryan Fry, a herpetologist from The University of Queensland, led the expedition for Pole to Pole with Will Smith. The indigenous Waorani hunters helped the team reach the anaconda. Researchers acknowledged that the discovery would not have been possible without the help of the Waorani. This species of anaconda has been named the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima). Anacondas are known to be large, but this snake spotted in the Amazon is a new species. Also Read: Giant python with 'human-shaped' bulge spotted floating in Thai floodwaters The Waorani people led the team to the anaconda Fry and the team worked with the Waorani people, who regard the anacondas as sacred. They are also well versed with the rainforest and took the team on hand-carved canoes along narrow river systems. The 10-day expedition through the Bameno region ultimately led the researchers to reach a place in the Amazon where these anacondas are known to hide. The Waorani had seen these snakes previously as well and so took the team to the exact place where they saw the anacondas residing in shallow waters, hiding from their prey. “They knew where to look. They’ve lived with these creatures for generations,” Fry said. Also Read: Burmese python swallows a whole deer shattering beliefs about its last limits 24-feet-long anacondas? According to Fry, the Waorani people have seen several large snakes in the rainforest. This includes some that are over 7.5 meters (more than 24 feet) long. However, anacondas of this length have never been documented. The northern green anaconda is larger than the southern green anaconda and quite different. The largest snake reliably documented is a reticulated python that was 7.67 meters long. Now, with the discovery of this new anaconda species, scientists are sure that even though the 24-foot anacondas have never been seen, there is a high chance they exist and have simply never been discovered.

A new species of anaconda measuring 20.7 feet has been discovered in the Amazon rainforest. It happened when a team of researchers went on an expedition for a TV show with the help of the indigenous Waorani hunters.&nbsp;

Scientists stumble upon a 20.7 feet green anaconda on TV show. Could 24 foot creatures be next?

On August 20, 2025, Russia is set to launch the Bion-M No. 2 biosatellite aboard a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Described as a modern 'Noah’s Ark,' the spacecraft will carry 75 mice, more than 1,000 fruit flies, cell cultures, microorganisms, and plant seeds for a 30-day mission in orbit. The biosatellite is designed to investigate how prolonged exposure to microgravity and radiation affects living organisms, providing essential data for the future of human spaceflight.&nbsp;This mission builds on the Bion-M No. 1 flight of 2013, but Bion-M No. 2 will orbit at an inclination of roughly 97 degrees, a pole-to-pole path where cosmic radiation levels are significantly higher. Researchers expect at least a tenfold increase in radiation compared to the earlier mission, creating conditions that more closely mirror those faced by astronauts on deep-space journeys. &nbsp;

&nbsp;<h2>Examining Biological Responses in Space</h2>&nbsp;The mice are central to the research due to their genetic similarity to humans, short life cycles, and heightened sensitivity to radiation. They will be divided into three groups: one housed under normal conditions on Earth, another placed in a ground-based simulator to replicate the spacecraft environment, and the third sent into orbit. This controlled approach will allow scientists to compare the effects of spaceflight with Earth-based counterparts.&nbsp;Each mouse container is equipped with systems for feeding, lighting, ventilation, and waste disposal. Cameras and sensors will deliver real-time data, while some rodents will carry implanted chips to monitor physiological changes. Upon their return, scientists will study how the mice adapted to space and how they recovered once back under Earth’s gravity. Alongside the rodents, fruit flies will provide complementary data on radiation effects at the genetic and cellular level, given their well-documented biology and rapid generational turnover. &nbsp;

<h2>Testing Lunar Simulants for Future Exploration</h2>&nbsp;In addition to biological specimens, the mission carries lunar simulants, dust and rock analogues developed by the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems. Contained in 16 sealed test tubes, these materials replicate the surface found in high-latitude regions of the Moon. After the mission, scientists will analyse how exposure to space radiation and vacuum conditions alters their properties. The findings could inform future lunar construction projects by showing how building materials derived from local resources might perform on the Moon.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Technicians working on the Bion-M No. 2 mission

<h2>Preparing for Long-Duration Missions</h2>&nbsp;The Bion-M No. 2 mission is expected to generate critical insights into how microgravity and radiation affect biological health, information directly relevant to long-term crewed missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. By understanding radiation susceptibility, scientists hope to improve medical support requirements for astronauts and develop measures to reduce risks during extended voyages. The data gathered could also inform new approaches in medicine on Earth.&nbsp;With more than ten experiments prepared by Russian research institutes, Bion-M No. 2 marks an important step in bridging the gap between biological research on Earth and the challenges of deep space.

The biosatellite is designed to investigate how prolonged exposure to microgravity and radiation affects living organisms, providing essential data for the future of human spaceflight.



On August 20, 2025, Russia is set to launch the Bion-M No. 2 biosatellite aboard a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Described as a modern 'Noah’s Ark,' the spacecraft will carry 75 mice, more than 1,000 fruit flies, cell cultures, microorganisms, and plant seeds for a 30-day mission in orbit. The biosatellite is designed to investigate how prolonged exposure to microgravity and radiation affects living organisms, providing essential data for the future of human spaceflight. This mission builds on the Bion-M No. 1 flight of 2013, but Bion-M No. 2 will orbit at an inclination of roughly 97 degrees, a pole-to-pole path where cosmic radiation levels are significantly higher. Researchers expect at least a tenfold increase in radiation compared to the earlier mission, creating conditions that more closely mirror those faced by astronauts on deep-space journeys.

The biosatellite is designed to investigate how prolonged exposure to microgravity and radiation affects living organisms, providing essential data for the future of human spaceflight.

Russia is sending animals into space! Here's why....

There are a lot of precautions one needs to take during pregnancy to avoid complications. It can range from your food habits to exercising and avoiding certain types of medication. However, there are people who avoid suggestions by doctors and face complications, particularly on taking medicines without being prescribed.&nbsp;According to a latest study conducted on over 100,000 people across multiple countries, taking paracetamol during pregnancy might increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. That's not all, it could also lead to autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in offspring.&nbsp;Published in the journal BioMed Central, the findings highlight significant public health concerns due to the medication’s widespread use among pregnant women.&nbsp;Paracetamol, or acetaminophen, is widely used for pain and fever relief during pregnancy due to its lower toxicity compared to other drugs said study’s lead author, Diddier Prada, an assistant professor at Icahn School of Medicine.&nbsp;However, the research points towards evidence that suggest prenatal exposure may impact fetal brain development through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, hormone disruption, and epigenetic modifications.&nbsp;Despite the findings, the study still needs to establishing definitive cause and effect for which further research is necessary.&nbsp;According to healthcare experts, not taking medicines for untreated fever and severe pain during pregnancy also pose risks to both mother and developing baby; hence, medication should not be withheld but taken under supervision of a doctor.&nbsp;The study too says that minimal use of paracetamol could be taken if medically necessary for a short period with minimal dose.&nbsp;In such situations, pregnant woman can explore non-drug remedies for pain relief like warm compresses, rest, or prenatal yoga, rather than relying on medicines.&nbsp;One should avoid self-medication and always seek professional advice if fever or chronic pain develops.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Paracetamol, or acetaminophen, is widely used for pain and fever relief during pregnancy due to its lower toxicity compared to other drugs.

There are a lot of precautions one needs to take during pregnancy to avoid complications. It can range from your food habits to exercising and avoiding certain types of medication. However, there are people who avoid suggestions by doctors and face complications, particularly on taking medicines without being prescribed. According to a latest study conducted on over 100,000 people across multiple countries, taking paracetamol during pregnancy might increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. That's not all, it could also lead to autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in offspring. Published in the journal BioMed Central, the findings highlight significant public health concerns due to the medication’s widespread use among pregnant women. Paracetamol, or acetaminophen, is widely used for pain and fever relief during pregnancy due to its lower toxicity compared to other drugs said study’s lead author, Diddier Prada, an assistant professor at Icahn School of Medicine. However, the research points towards evidence that suggest prenatal exposure may impact fetal brain development through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, hormone disruption, and epigenetic modifications. Despite the findings, the study still needs to establishing definitive cause and effect for which further research is necessary. According to healthcare experts, not taking medicines for untreated fever and severe pain during pregnancy also pose risks to both mother and developing baby; hence, medication should not be withheld but taken under supervision of a doctor. The study too says that minimal use of paracetamol could be taken if medically necessary for a short period with minimal dose. In such situations, pregnant woman can explore non-drug remedies for pain relief like warm compresses, rest, or prenatal yoga, rather than relying on medicines. One should avoid self-medication and always seek professional advice if fever or chronic pain develops.

Paracetamol, or acetaminophen, is widely used for pain and fever relief during pregnancy due to its lower toxicity compared to other drugs.

Paracetamol during pregnancy risks neurodevelopmental disorders in baby: Study

In India's Kerala, the local health department has sounded an alert in the Kozhikode district after a nine-year-old girl died of a rare brain-eating amoeba. As per reports, the region in recent days has seen three back-to-back cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The three cases included a three-month-old baby. What is primary amoebic meningoencephalitis? How can you protect your family and yourself from the rare brain-eating amoeba? Here's all you need to know.<h2>What happened to the nine-year-old Kerala girl?</h2>The unidentified nine-year-old child was admitted to the hospital with a fever on August 13. Her condition worsened quickly, and she was transferred to Kozhikode Medical College on August 14, where she died the same day. A post-mortem test revealed that the cause of death was PAM, also known as amoebic encephalitis, a free-living amoeba found in contaminated waters.&nbsp;The search for the water body from which the young girl might have caught the infectious organism is underway.<h2>What is primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)?</h2>Amoebic meningoencephalitis or amoebic encephalitis is caused by Naegleria fowleri, aka "the brain-eating amoeba". It is a microscopic single-celled organism found in warm freshwater bodies like lakes, rivers and hot springs.&nbsp;The organism mainly thrives in warm water and heat and grows best in high temperatures up to 115°F (46°C) but can at times survive warmer temperatures.<h2>How does it infect people?</h2>Naegleria fowleri can enter the body via infected water. This can happen when people go swimming, diving or dunk their heads in water contaminated by this amoeba. The amoeba, as per the United States Centres for Disease Control (CDC) travels up your nose and enters the brain cavity, where it slowly destroys brain tissue and causes a rare but usually fatal infection called Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).&nbsp;Even if people don't go swimming in the above-mentioned water bodies, they can still risk infection if they use Naegleria fowleri-contaminated water to cleanse their noses and clear sinuses. In rare instances, people have been infected by chlorine-free pool water, water parks, etc.<h2>Is it contagious? How can I keep my family safe from the brain-eating amoeba?</h2>No, it isn't. An infected person cannot pass the disease on to another. The sure way of protecting yourself from the rare brain-eating amoeba is to avoid swimming in infected waters. If you're unsure about how clean the water is and choose to swim, as per a Georgia Department of Public Health advisory from 2023, "you can reduce your risk of infection by limiting the amount of water that goes up the nose."<h2>What are the symptoms of brain amoeba?</h2>Common symptoms that typically start after about five days of infection include fever, nausea, and vomiting. Other symptoms that happen at a later stage of infection are a stiff neck, confusion, lack of attention to people and surroundings, seizures, hallucinations, and coma. Ultimately, it destroys brain tissue, causing swelling in the brain and finally death.&nbsp;The disease progresses rapidly, and generally, death happens between one and five days after the infection. In almost 97 per cent of cases, the infection turns fatal.<h2>What are the treatment options for Naegleria fowleri?</h2>Currently, no set treatment for the amoeba exists. This is mainly due to the rare nature of this infection. However, a number of drugs have been found to be beneficial in the treatment.

An alert was sounded after Kerala reported three cases of a rare brain-eating ameoba aka primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). It has already claimed the life of a 9-year-old girl in Kozhikode. What is it? How can you protect your family and yourself? Here's all you need to know.

In India's Kerala, the local health department has sounded an alert in the Kozhikode district after a nine-year-old girl died of a rare brain-eating amoeba. As per reports, the region in recent days has seen three back-to-back cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The three cases included a three-month-old baby. What is primary amoebic meningoencephalitis? How can you protect your family and yourself from the rare brain-eating amoeba? Here's all you need to know. What happened to the nine-year-old Kerala girl? The unidentified nine-year-old child was admitted to the hospital with a fever on August 13. Her condition worsened quickly, and she was transferred to Kozhikode Medical College on August 14, where she died the same day. A post-mortem test revealed that the cause of death was PAM, also known as amoebic encephalitis, a free-living amoeba found in contaminated waters. The search for the water body from which the young girl might have caught the infectious organism is underway. What is primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)? Amoebic meningoencephalitis or amoebic encephalitis is caused by Naegleria fowleri, aka "the brain-eating amoeba". It is a microscopic single-celled organism found in warm freshwater bodies like lakes, rivers and hot springs. The organism mainly thrives in warm water and heat and grows best in high temperatures up to 115°F (46°C) but can at times survive warmer temperatures. How does it infect people? Naegleria fowleri can enter the body via infected water. This can happen when people go swimming, diving or dunk their heads in water contaminated by this amoeba. The amoeba, as per the United States Centres for Disease Control (CDC) travels up your nose and enters the brain cavity, where it slowly destroys brain tissue and causes a rare but usually fatal infection called Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Even if people don't go swimming in the above-mentioned water bodies, they can still risk infection if they use Naegleria fowleri-contaminated water to cleanse their noses and clear sinuses. In rare instances, people have been infected by chlorine-free pool water, water parks, etc. Is it contagious? How can I keep my family safe from the brain-eating amoeba? No, it isn't. An infected person cannot pass the disease on to another. The sure way of protecting yourself from the rare brain-eating amoeba is to avoid swimming in infected waters. If you're unsure about how clean the water is and choose to swim, as per a Georgia Department of Public Health advisory from 2023, "you can reduce your risk of infection by limiting the amount of water that goes up the nose." What are the symptoms of brain amoeba? Common symptoms that typically start after about five days of infection include fever, nausea, and vomiting. Other symptoms that happen at a later stage of infection are a stiff neck, confusion, lack of attention to people and surroundings, seizures, hallucinations, and coma. Ultimately, it destroys brain tissue, causing swelling in the brain and finally death. The disease progresses rapidly, and generally, death happens between one and five days after the infection. In almost 97 per cent of cases, the infection turns fatal. What are the treatment options for Naegleria fowleri? Currently, no set treatment for the amoeba exists. This is mainly due to the rare nature of this infection. However, a number of drugs have been found to be beneficial in the treatment.

An alert was sounded after Kerala reported three cases of a rare brain-eating ameoba aka primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). It has already claimed the life of a 9-year-old girl in Kozhikode. What is it? How can you protect your family and yourself? Here's all you need to know.

Alert sounded after Kerala girl dies of 'brain-eating amoeba' — How safe are you?  | WION Explains

Scientists have confirmed that a signal detected by the KM3NeT detector in 2023 was indeed a cosmic neutrino. Initially, it was believed to be a glitch since it is almost impossible to detect neutrinos. These particles neither have any mass nor an electric charge, and they hardly ever interact with other particles. But KM3NeT, located deep under the Mediterranean Sea, detected a faint signal in February that year, which was determined to be a neutrino with a record-shattering energy of 220 petaelectronvolts (PeV). How was that possible? Researchers have since been analysing the particle and are sure that it was a neutrino. They are also known as ghost particles since they move around us, and even through us, without ever being noticed. Data and analysis support the assumption that the KM3-230213A signal was caused by a 220-PeV neutrino. But now another mystery has cropped up, about its origin. Scientists are almost sure that the neutrino came from deep space. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/underwater-volcano-oregon-axial-seamount-2025-eruption-1755365602754">Could a 1-km-deep under-water volcano trigger a disaster? showing signs of imminent eruption</a>&nbsp;Despite being hard to detect, neutrinos are the most abundant particle in the universe. When stars merge or die in a supernova, an abundance of neutrinos is created. Even though a lack of physical character makes neutrinos tough to find, sometimes they crash into another particle, creating a burst of muons and photons, particles of light. This triggers a faint glow that some detectors can pick up. The same thing happened with KM3NeT. Set up at a depth of 11,320 feet under the ocean, the detector sits in a pitch-dark environment. Here, a neutrino smacking into a particle would shine like a beacon. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/beast-s-eye-in-space-object-spewing-particles-at-earth-was-a-mystery-a-photo-has-revealed-it-was-1755162882499">Beast's eye in space: Object spewing particles at Earth was a mystery. A photo has revealed it is...</a>&nbsp;<h2>Only 1 in 100 chance of detecting a neutrino</h2>When the neutrino smacked into Earth in 2023, scientists didn't believe it was a neutrino event since nothing like this had ever been detected by other detectors in operation for longer than KM3NeT. This includes IceCube and Auger, which have swept regions for ultra-high-energy neutrinos, but have never seen one. Researchers think that "the neutrino observed by KM3NeT is the first such neutrino observed," as stated in the KM3Net collaboration. They inferred that even though there is “a rather low probability” of something like this happening, “approximately 1 in 100,” KM3NeT has definitely picked up a neutrino event. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/signal-from-the-early-universe-radio-burst-travels-10-billion-years-to-reach-earth-1755065679461">Signal from the early universe: Radio burst travels 10 billion years to reach Earth. It came from a...</a>&nbsp;This discovery has also led scientists to think about the newer sources of neutrinos in the universe. KM3-230213A suggests a new component or process that produces ultra-high-energy neutrinos could be present in the universe that blasted out the neutrino. "This is relevant because it is expected that such a new component would arise at ultra-high energies, due to cosmogenic neutrinos," those produced when cosmic rays interact with "the first observable light of the Universe emitted about 13.8 billion years ago." It is also possible that "a new population of astrophysical objects emitting ultra-high-energy neutrinos" is present somewhere in the universe. However, they are sure that it did not originate in the Milky Way, but came from an extreme distance. &nbsp;

A “ghost particle” was detected by an object located 11,320 feet under the ocean in 2023. This was the first time something like this was observed on Earth. Scientists think it originated in deep space and likely from the first light of the universe, or a new form of cosmic object.

Scientists have confirmed that a signal detected by the KM3NeT detector in 2023 was indeed a cosmic neutrino. Initially, it was believed to be a glitch since it is almost impossible to detect neutrinos. These particles neither have any mass nor an electric charge, and they hardly ever interact with other particles. But KM3NeT, located deep under the Mediterranean Sea, detected a faint signal in February that year, which was determined to be a neutrino with a record-shattering energy of 220 petaelectronvolts (PeV). How was that possible? Researchers have since been analysing the particle and are sure that it was a neutrino. They are also known as ghost particles since they move around us, and even through us, without ever being noticed. Data and analysis support the assumption that the KM3-230213A signal was caused by a 220-PeV neutrino. But now another mystery has cropped up, about its origin. Scientists are almost sure that the neutrino came from deep space. Also Read: Could a 1-km-deep under-water volcano trigger a disaster? showing signs of imminent eruption Despite being hard to detect, neutrinos are the most abundant particle in the universe. When stars merge or die in a supernova, an abundance of neutrinos is created. Even though a lack of physical character makes neutrinos tough to find, sometimes they crash into another particle, creating a burst of muons and photons, particles of light. This triggers a faint glow that some detectors can pick up. The same thing happened with KM3NeT. Set up at a depth of 11,320 feet under the ocean, the detector sits in a pitch-dark environment. Here, a neutrino smacking into a particle would shine like a beacon. Also Read: Beast's eye in space: Object spewing particles at Earth was a mystery. A photo has revealed it is... Only 1 in 100 chance of detecting a neutrino When the neutrino smacked into Earth in 2023, scientists didn't believe it was a neutrino event since nothing like this had ever been detected by other detectors in operation for longer than KM3NeT. This includes IceCube and Auger, which have swept regions for ultra-high-energy neutrinos, but have never seen one. Researchers think that "the neutrino observed by KM3NeT is the first such neutrino observed," as stated in the KM3Net collaboration. They inferred that even though there is “a rather low probability” of something like this happening, “approximately 1 in 100,” KM3NeT has definitely picked up a neutrino event. Also Read: Signal from the early universe: Radio burst travels 10 billion years to reach Earth. It came from a... This discovery has also led scientists to think about the newer sources of neutrinos in the universe. KM3-230213A suggests a new component or process that produces ultra-high-energy neutrinos could be present in the universe that blasted out the neutrino. "This is relevant because it is expected that such a new component would arise at ultra-high energies, due to cosmogenic neutrinos," those produced when cosmic rays interact with "the first observable light of the Universe emitted about 13.8 billion years ago." It is also possible that "a new population of astrophysical objects emitting ultra-high-energy neutrinos" is present somewhere in the universe. However, they are sure that it did not originate in the Milky Way, but came from an extreme distance.

A “ghost particle” was detected by an object located 11,320 feet under the ocean in 2023. This was the first time something like this was observed on Earth. Scientists think it originated in deep space and likely from the first light of the universe, or a new form of cosmic object.

Glitch 11,320 feet below the ocean? Scientists say 'ghost particle' from deep space crashed into Earth

Astronomers may have uncovered a never-before-seen type of stellar explosion after artificial intelligence, inspired by the way Spotify recommends music, flagged a peculiar event in deep space. The discovery, named SN 2023zkd, was made in July 2023 by the Zwicky Transient Facility at the Palomar Observatory in California. Unlike typical detections that rely on chance, this one was guided by an AI system trained to identify unusual night-sky activity in real time.&nbsp;SN 2023zkd initially appeared to be an ordinary supernova, but closer inspection revealed strange behaviour. Located about 730 million light years away, the explosion first brightened, dimmed, and then unexpectedly brightened again. Archival data later revealed that the dying star had been slowly brightening for four years before it exploded, a pattern rarely recorded in supernovae.<h2>A deadly dance between star and black hole</h2>The research, led by the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard &amp; Smithsonian and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as part of the Young Supernova Experiment, suggests the explosion may have been caused by a massive star interacting with a nearby black hole. According to LiveScience, lead author Alexander Gagliano, a fellow at the NSF Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions said, “Our analysis shows that the blast was sparked by a catastrophic encounter with a black hole companion, and is the strongest evidence to date that such close interactions can actually detonate a star.”One possibility is that the star was gradually being pulled into the black hole’s gravity as the pair spiralled closer together, triggering gravitational stress that caused it to explode. Another interpretation is that the black hole completely shredded the star before consuming its debris, with the supernova’s light created as that material crashed into surrounding gas. In either case, astronomers believe a heavier black hole was left behind.<h2>How AI spotted the unusual event</h2>The algorithm used in the discovery is called Lightcurve Anomaly Identification and Similarity Search (LAISS). Built on the recommendation model that powers Spotify, LAISS scans astronomical data for anomalies by comparing light signals with a large dataset of known objects. In this case, it flagged SN 2023zkd months before the most unusual behaviour occurred, giving astronomers time to observe it from both ground-based and space telescopes, including NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, the Pan-STARRS telescopes, and the Magellan and MMT facilities.&nbsp;V. Ashley Villar, co-author and assistant professor of astronomy at Harvard, also said, “2023zkd shows some of the clearest signs we’ve seen of a massive star interacting with a companion in the years before explosion. We think this might be part of a whole class of hidden explosions that AI will help us discover," wrote Live Science.&nbsp;With upcoming projects like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory set to survey the entire night sky every few days, astronomers believe AI systems such as LAISS will play a central role in capturing rare, complex cosmic events as they unfold, and in piecing together how massive stars live and die.

SN 2023zkd initially appeared to be an ordinary supernova, but closer inspection revealed strange behaviour. 

Astronomers may have uncovered a never-before-seen type of stellar explosion after artificial intelligence, inspired by the way Spotify recommends music, flagged a peculiar event in deep space. The discovery, named SN 2023zkd, was made in July 2023 by the Zwicky Transient Facility at the Palomar Observatory in California. Unlike typical detections that rely on chance, this one was guided by an AI system trained to identify unusual night-sky activity in real time. SN 2023zkd initially appeared to be an ordinary supernova, but closer inspection revealed strange behaviour. Located about 730 million light years away, the explosion first brightened, dimmed, and then unexpectedly brightened again. Archival data later revealed that the dying star had been slowly brightening for four years before it exploded, a pattern rarely recorded in supernovae. A deadly dance between star and black hole The research, led by the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as part of the Young Supernova Experiment, suggests the explosion may have been caused by a massive star interacting with a nearby black hole. According to LiveScience, lead author Alexander Gagliano, a fellow at the NSF Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions said, “Our analysis shows that the blast was sparked by a catastrophic encounter with a black hole companion, and is the strongest evidence to date that such close interactions can actually detonate a star.” One possibility is that the star was gradually being pulled into the black hole’s gravity as the pair spiralled closer together, triggering gravitational stress that caused it to explode. Another interpretation is that the black hole completely shredded the star before consuming its debris, with the supernova’s light created as that material crashed into surrounding gas. In either case, astronomers believe a heavier black hole was left behind. How AI spotted the unusual event The algorithm used in the discovery is called Lightcurve Anomaly Identification and Similarity Search (LAISS). Built on the recommendation model that powers Spotify, LAISS scans astronomical data for anomalies by comparing light signals with a large dataset of known objects. In this case, it flagged SN 2023zkd months before the most unusual behaviour occurred, giving astronomers time to observe it from both ground-based and space telescopes, including NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, the Pan-STARRS telescopes, and the Magellan and MMT facilities. V. Ashley Villar, co-author and assistant professor of astronomy at Harvard, also said, “2023zkd shows some of the clearest signs we’ve seen of a massive star interacting with a companion in the years before explosion. We think this might be part of a whole class of hidden explosions that AI will help us discover," wrote Live Science. With upcoming projects like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory set to survey the entire night sky every few days, astronomers believe AI systems such as LAISS will play a central role in capturing rare, complex cosmic events as they unfold, and in piecing together how massive stars live and die.

SN 2023zkd initially appeared to be an ordinary supernova, but closer inspection revealed strange behaviour.&nbsp;

AI helps astronomers discover a supernova unlike any seen before, 730 million light-years away

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