India and China continued to hold talks at Brigadier-level for the fifth day as well after the Indian Army thwarted Chinese Army`s attempts to transgress in new areas.

However, in an unusual manner, the talks are being held in an open area in Chushul rather than the usual meetings inside the Border Personnel Meeting huts built for the purpose there in both sides of the Line of Actual Control (LAC).

The meeting of Indian Army`s Brigadier with his Chinese counterpart is currently underway in Chushul in eastern Ladakh to the ongoing issues between the two nations along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), Indian Army sources said.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-standoff-army-chief-naravane-begins-two-day-ladakh-visit-324899" hreflang="en">India-China standoff: Army chief Naravane begins two-day Ladakh visit</a>

The talks are being held after Indian troops have thwarted the Chinese Army`s attempts to transgress into areas in Ladakh.

On the intervening night of August 29-30, the Indian Army thwarted an attempt by the Chinese Army to transgress into Indian areas near the southern bank of Pangong Tso near Chushul in Ladakh.India and China are engaged in a standoff since April-May over the transgressions by the Chinese Army in multiple areas including Finger area, Galwan valley, Hot springs and Kongrung Nala.

The situation worsened after 20 Indian soldiers were killed in violent clashes with Chinese troops in Galwan valley in June.The talks between the two sides have been going on for the last three months including five Lieutenant General-level talks but have failed to yield any results, so far.

India and China continued to hold talks at Brigadier-level for the fifth day as well after the Indian Army thwarted Chinese Army`s attempts to transgress in new areas.

India and China continued to hold talks at Brigadier-level for the fifth day as well after the Indian Army thwarted Chinese Army`s attempts to transgress in new areas. However, in an unusual manner, the talks are being held in an open area in Chushul rather than the usual meetings inside the Border Personnel Meeting huts built for the purpose there in both sides of the Line of Actual Control (LAC). The meeting of Indian Army`s Brigadier with his Chinese counterpart is currently underway in Chushul in eastern Ladakh to the ongoing issues between the two nations along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), Indian Army sources said. Also read: India-China standoff: Army chief Naravane begins two-day Ladakh visit The talks are being held after Indian troops have thwarted the Chinese Army`s attempts to transgress into areas in Ladakh. On the intervening night of August 29-30, the Indian Army thwarted an attempt by the Chinese Army to transgress into Indian areas near the southern bank of Pangong Tso near Chushul in Ladakh.India and China are engaged in a standoff since April-May over the transgressions by the Chinese Army in multiple areas including Finger area, Galwan valley, Hot springs and Kongrung Nala. The situation worsened after 20 Indian soldiers were killed in violent clashes with Chinese troops in Galwan valley in June.The talks between the two sides have been going on for the last three months including five Lieutenant General-level talks but have failed to yield any results, so far.

Indian, Chinese brigadiers hold talks in open area in Chushul

India's Chief of Defence Staff(CDS) Bipin Rawat said that the country's "military option to deal with transgression by the Chinese Army are on, but only if talks fail" along the Line of Actual Control(LAC).

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/why-rafale-fighter-jets-will-be-stationed-just-200-km-from-pakistan-china-border-at-ambala-air-base-316311">In Pics:&nbsp;Why Rafale fighter jets will be stationed just 200 km from Pakistan, China border</a>

"The military option to deal with the transgressions by the Chinese in Ladakh are on but it will be exercised only if talks at the military and diplomatic level fail," the CDS chief said, adding,"transgressions along the LAC occur due to differing perceptions about its alignment."

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/china-must-restore-status-quo-ante-in-eastern-ladakh-to-resolve-border-standoff-sources-322262">Also Read:&nbsp;China must restore status quo ante in eastern Ladakh to resolve border standoff: Sources</a>

Rawat informed that Defence minister Rajnath Singh, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval and other officials corcerned with national security are reviewing the situation along with those concerned about national security.

The CDS chief asserted that India has vast frontline along the northern and western border along the Indian Ocean Region while dismissing concerns that there was a lack of coordination between intelligence agencies.

On Saturday, Defence minister Rajnath Singh had met the NSA and the three service chiefs to review the situation along the LAC.

Tensions between India and China reached boiling point on June 15 after the clash at Galwan Valley between the Indian Army and PLA troops leading to the death of 20 Indian soldiers, although there were casualties on the Chinese side as well but the Chinese foreign ministry has refused to divulge details.

After the clash, both sides have engaged in de-escalation talks aimed at disengagement of troops with talks between military officials, however, reports say the Chinese troops have been slow to move out of strategic areas in the upper Himalayan region.

 
&nbsp;

India's Chief of Defence Staff(CDS) Bipin Rawat said that the country's "military option to deal with transgression by the Chinese Army are on, but only if talks fail" along the Line of Actual Control(LAC).

India's Chief of Defence Staff(CDS) Bipin Rawat said that the country's "military option to deal with transgression by the Chinese Army are on, but only if talks fail" along the Line of Actual Control(LAC). In Pics: Why Rafale fighter jets will be stationed just 200 km from Pakistan, China border "The military option to deal with the transgressions by the Chinese in Ladakh are on but it will be exercised only if talks at the military and diplomatic level fail," the CDS chief said, adding,"transgressions along the LAC occur due to differing perceptions about its alignment." Also Read: China must restore status quo ante in eastern Ladakh to resolve border standoff: Sources Rawat informed that Defence minister Rajnath Singh, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval and other officials corcerned with national security are reviewing the situation along with those concerned about national security. The CDS chief asserted that India has vast frontline along the northern and western border along the Indian Ocean Region while dismissing concerns that there was a lack of coordination between intelligence agencies. On Saturday, Defence minister Rajnath Singh had met the NSA and the three service chiefs to review the situation along the LAC. Tensions between India and China reached boiling point on June 15 after the clash at Galwan Valley between the Indian Army and PLA troops leading to the death of 20 Indian soldiers, although there were casualties on the Chinese side as well but the Chinese foreign ministry has refused to divulge details. After the clash, both sides have engaged in de-escalation talks aimed at disengagement of troops with talks between military officials, however, reports say the Chinese troops have been slow to move out of strategic areas in the upper Himalayan region.

India-China standoff: Military option open to deal with China in Ladakh if talks fail: Chief of Defence Staff Bipin Rawat

India's ministry of external affairs said today that "China's disengagment and respecting and abiding by the LAC is the basis of peace and tranquility in the area."

the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination(WMCC) on India-China borders affairs is likely to take place tomorrow(Friday), a day after reports emerged that China's People's Liberation Army(PLA) has slowed the de-escalation process.

India and China's core commanders had met in eastern Ladakh last week as part of phase two of the disengagement process.

India and China's core commanders had met in Chuasal in eastern Ladakh last week as part of phase two of the disengagement process.

On the Kulbhushan Jadav issue, the MEA said that Pakistan has not been able to provide "unimpeded access" to Kulbhushan Jadav.

The MEA said that meeting that was provided earlier was cuttled as officials were not allowed to hand over imp documents.&nbsp;

"India had appointed a lawyer to obtain the documents but when the lawyer went to obtain them, he was denied," the MEA said.

"our Pakistan lawyer who was informd of the review petition could bot be file in absence of the required documents. Pakistan has created confusion on the dates of submission," the MEA informed.

The MEA said that Pakistan has created "confusion on the dates of submission" and delayed informing India.

India's ministry of external affairs said today that "China's disengagment and respecting and abiding by the LAC is the basis of peace and tranquility in the area.

India's ministry of external affairs said today that "China's disengagment and respecting and abiding by the LAC is the basis of peace and tranquility in the area." the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination(WMCC) on India-China borders affairs is likely to take place tomorrow(Friday), a day after reports emerged that China's People's Liberation Army(PLA) has slowed the de-escalation process. India and China's core commanders had met in eastern Ladakh last week as part of phase two of the disengagement process. India and China's core commanders had met in Chuasal in eastern Ladakh last week as part of phase two of the disengagement process. On the Kulbhushan Jadav issue, the MEA said that Pakistan has not been able to provide "unimpeded access" to Kulbhushan Jadav. The MEA said that meeting that was provided earlier was cuttled as officials were not allowed to hand over imp documents. "India had appointed a lawyer to obtain the documents but when the lawyer went to obtain them, he was denied," the MEA said. "our Pakistan lawyer who was informd of the review petition could bot be file in absence of the required documents. Pakistan has created confusion on the dates of submission," the MEA informed. The MEA said that Pakistan has created "confusion on the dates of submission" and delayed informing India.

India-China standoff: Amid reports of PLA slowing de-escalation, India, China WMCC talks on border affairs to take place on Friday

The India-US drills on the high seas is a move to deter China. In fact, naval power could be India's answer to Chinese aggression. The exercises help New Delhi to only project its power but, it also adds to Xi Jinping’s headaches.

The Indian Ocean neighbourhood from the Strait of Hormuz between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the Strait of Malacca near the Andaman and Nicobar islands has more than 60 per cent of the world’s petroleum exports which moves from the shipping lane and India can choke China right there.

The Strait of Malacca has been a headache for China. In 2003, former Chinese president Hu Jintao had referred to it as “the Malacca dilemma" because China needs it open and India has the power to control it.

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-countering-the-dragon-how-india-can-respond-with-naval-power-314757/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

The Malacca Strait is a shallow and narrow waterway. It is one of the most congested waterways in the world. Reports say around 75,000 ships pass through the Strait. It is also a seaway that links the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea and whoever controls it can place a stranglehold on China’s energy supplies.

In 2016, 80 per cent of China’s oil supplies passed through the Malacca Straits, if India were to control it, then China will lose access to a vital artery for global trade and Chinese ships will have to take a longer route.

According to an estimate, China’s shipping costs could increase by more than $64 million if the Strait of Malacca is closed for even a week, another estimate says alternative routes could cost Beijing anywhere between $84 to 220 billion a year.

A situation like that would add to China’s problems. It already faces a territorial dispute in the South China Sea and with tensions are growing last week as the United States declared that most of China's claims to the South China Sea illegal, New Delhi too has taken a stand.

The ministry of external affairs issued a statement which questioned China's attempts to grab territory in the South China Sea. China knows the Strait of Malacca is its achilles heel, so, it has been sending ships close to the Andaman and Nicobar islands.

Last year, Chinese naval vessel Shin Yang-1 was chased away by the Indian navy which was allegedly snooping near the islands. Now, with drills in the area, New Delhi has sent a message to Beijing that it won’t have its way on the high seas.

The India-US drills on the high seas is a move to deter China. In fact, naval power could be India's answer to Chinese aggression. The exercises help New Delhi to only project its power but, it also adds to Xi Jinping’s headaches.

The India-US drills on the high seas is a move to deter China. In fact, naval power could be India's answer to Chinese aggression. The exercises help New Delhi to only project its power but, it also adds to Xi Jinping’s headaches. The Indian Ocean neighbourhood from the Strait of Hormuz between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the Strait of Malacca near the Andaman and Nicobar islands has more than 60 per cent of the world’s petroleum exports which moves from the shipping lane and India can choke China right there. The Strait of Malacca has been a headache for China. In 2003, former Chinese president Hu Jintao had referred to it as “the Malacca dilemma" because China needs it open and India has the power to control it. The Malacca Strait is a shallow and narrow waterway. It is one of the most congested waterways in the world. Reports say around 75,000 ships pass through the Strait. It is also a seaway that links the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea and whoever controls it can place a stranglehold on China’s energy supplies. In 2016, 80 per cent of China’s oil supplies passed through the Malacca Straits, if India were to control it, then China will lose access to a vital artery for global trade and Chinese ships will have to take a longer route. According to an estimate, China’s shipping costs could increase by more than $64 million if the Strait of Malacca is closed for even a week, another estimate says alternative routes could cost Beijing anywhere between $84 to 220 billion a year. A situation like that would add to China’s problems. It already faces a territorial dispute in the South China Sea and with tensions are growing last week as the United States declared that most of China's claims to the South China Sea illegal, New Delhi too has taken a stand. The ministry of external affairs issued a statement which questioned China's attempts to grab territory in the South China Sea. China knows the Strait of Malacca is its achilles heel, so, it has been sending ships close to the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Last year, Chinese naval vessel Shin Yang-1 was chased away by the Indian navy which was allegedly snooping near the islands. Now, with drills in the area, New Delhi has sent a message to Beijing that it won’t have its way on the high seas.

China's 'Malacca dilemma': How India can control the Dragon on the high seas

Indian Army said that disengagement of Chinese and Indian troops has been completed at Patrolling Point(PP) 17 which is the Hot Springs area, newswire ANI quoted army sources as saying. &nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-standoff-post-galwan-clash-india-china-officials-set-to-conduct-virtual-meet-over-lac-311936">Also Read:&nbsp;India-China standoff: Post-Galwan clash, India, China officials set to conduct virtual meet over LAC</a>

The sources added that the disengagement process has now been completed at "PP-14, PP-15 and PP-17" with the Chinese Army "thinning out" in Finger area in Ladakh.

Meanwhile, at Pangong Tso the first step of phase one has been achieved. Further de-escalation talks will take place in the next core commander meeting between India and China and within the next two-three days&nbsp;the road map will be achieved, sources have told WION.

The development comes after India's National Security Adviser(NSA) had a two-hour long meeting with Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi in which both sides actively looked to disengage in a phased manner.

India&nbsp;and Chinese troops had clashed at Galwan on June 15 in which 20 Indian soldiers died fighting the PLA forces, although the Chinese army had suffered casualties as well but the Chinese foreign ministry hasn't released the casualty figures even though China's state-run Global Times had reported on the PLA suffering casualties.

Watch:

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-india-china-standoff-chinese-troops-pull-back-from-2-points-at-pangong-tso-311784/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Meanwhile, Indian and Chinese officials are set to conduct a virtual meeting of the WMCC (Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination) on Friday on border issues set to take place on Friday.

On Thursday, China's foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said that Chinese and Indian troops have taken "effective measures" to disengage at the Galwan Valley.

"We hope India will work together with us to take concrete action and implement the consensus reached and jointly work for de-escalation along the border," Zhao Lijian said.

Chinese troops had earlier begun to take off tents from Galwan Valley from patrolling point 14 areas where the India-Chinese troops had clashed last month as India and China looked to disengage along the LAC.&nbsp;

According to reports, Indian and Chinese armies are expected to carry out a joint verification to ensure seamless implementation of the disengagement process. 
&nbsp;

Indian Army said that disengagement of Chinese and Indian troops has been completed at Patrolling Point(PP) 17 which is the Hot Springs area, newswire ANI quoted army sources as saying.

Indian Army said that disengagement of Chinese and Indian troops has been completed at Patrolling Point(PP) 17 which is the Hot Springs area, newswire ANI quoted army sources as saying. Also Read: India-China standoff: Post-Galwan clash, India, China officials set to conduct virtual meet over LAC The sources added that the disengagement process has now been completed at "PP-14, PP-15 and PP-17" with the Chinese Army "thinning out" in Finger area in Ladakh. Meanwhile, at Pangong Tso the first step of phase one has been achieved. Further de-escalation talks will take place in the next core commander meeting between India and China and within the next two-three days the road map will be achieved, sources have told WION. The development comes after India's National Security Adviser(NSA) had a two-hour long meeting with Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi in which both sides actively looked to disengage in a phased manner. India and Chinese troops had clashed at Galwan on June 15 in which 20 Indian soldiers died fighting the PLA forces, although the Chinese army had suffered casualties as well but the Chinese foreign ministry hasn't released the casualty figures even though China's state-run Global Times had reported on the PLA suffering casualties. Watch: Meanwhile, Indian and Chinese officials are set to conduct a virtual meeting of the WMCC (Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination) on Friday on border issues set to take place on Friday. On Thursday, China's foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said that Chinese and Indian troops have taken "effective measures" to disengage at the Galwan Valley. "We hope India will work together with us to take concrete action and implement the consensus reached and jointly work for de-escalation along the border," Zhao Lijian said. Chinese troops had earlier begun to take off tents from Galwan Valley from patrolling point 14 areas where the India-Chinese troops had clashed last month as India and China looked to disengage along the LAC. According to reports, Indian and Chinese armies are expected to carry out a joint verification to ensure seamless implementation of the disengagement process.

India-China standoff: Disengagement on track at Pangong Tso; roadmap to be set

The fresh news is that China has agreed to pull back to its side of the LAC from the positions inside Indian territory. That is, if it doesn’t renege, or interminably drag its feet or play victim cum fresh aggressor. India is ordering winter tents and cold weather clothes for its troops in any case. It will never again leave the LAC demilitarised with a few soldiers on patrol duties.&nbsp;

But what about all the encroachment through the decades? During the Khalistan agitation, for example. And the building of a road to the Pangong Tso, and black-topping it, taking advantage of the distractions of the Kargil War. &nbsp;&nbsp;

The Chinese don’t accept the McMahon Line. They don’t accept other British era maps either. Instead, they talk of ancient claims. They have refused to settle the border since 1949. There are wide variations between the Indian and Chinese positions. They claim the entire state of Arunachal Pradesh. Our LAC stretches to nearly 4,000 km. The Chinese LAC is only 2,200 km. long. &nbsp;

The bullying and arrogance has been immense, but India in 2020, may have finally reached its tipping point in offering a military challenge. The all-weather tunnels, roads, bridges and rail have almost caught up on our side. High altitude regiments are battle fit.&nbsp;

To counter Chinese prevarication at future border talks, we must point out that two can play this game. India must have the confidence to dust off the Dogra Maps of the erstwhile Kingdom of Jammu &amp; Kashmir (J&amp;K), to assert claims to what has long been Indian territory. This excellent negotiating point and possible war of the maps were made by prominent strategic thinker Shakti Sinha in a recent article.&nbsp;

China had come to a Mexican standoff, much to its surprise. Its latest multiple but shallow intrusions have gained it nothing except the distinct possibility of imminent, no-holds-barred war. And this possibility will hover in the air from now onwards alongside economic sanctions and boycotts.&nbsp;

What worked very well for Red China in the capture of thousands of kilometres of Indian territory since the 1950s, has been thwarted this time at Ladakh. Just as it was in Doklam in Bhutan, and at Nathu La at Sikkim, recently. &nbsp;&nbsp;

A war of attrition is the inevitable next step with India unwilling to concede. And this will have to come to settle India’s territorial claims. China and satellite Pakistan will be forced to defend its mutual position or capitulate. And India has to take back the territory or lose it forever. It will also come under increasing pressure in future unless it fights for what belongs to it. Talks are not seen as sincere by either side but must go on for form’s sake. They are being used only to gain time, look for a strategic opening, and prepare the military machine. &nbsp;

A war is coming, in which the Chinese are likely to suffer a large number of casualties, irrespective of what they are able to inflict on the Indians. And, this time, they cannot be sure whether they will gain or lose territory. India is going on the offensive. It will take back PoK and Gilgit Baltistan. Strategic depth in the Ladakh theatre is also desirable to protect this interconnected restoration. &nbsp;

China has been playing the same game for long. Its earlier annexation of Indian Akshai Chin and part of the Siachen glacier needs consolidation. It has built roads into the adjoining province of Xinjiang. The road ranges from the Indian owned Karakoram Pass, a mere 10 km away from the Indian high altitude airport at Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO). &nbsp;

It goes, via Xinjiang into the Khunjerab Pass that lets out into Gilgit-Baltistan, which is, once again occupied Indian territory. Another road leads from China to Tibet passing throughout on Indian territory. &nbsp;

India has recently completed connector roads and bridges to DBO in the face of Chinese protests, and can now swiftly mobilise its armed forces. Just as China can, on its side of the LAC. &nbsp;

China’s incursions and persistent land grabs have indeed been aided by the development of extensive infrastructure and roads over the years. It has become so adept at this process that it has also made bold to throw up roads and check posts on the Indian side whenever it could. &nbsp;

In-Game Theory there is a situation called The Prisoner’s Dilemma. A couple has been caught by the police for a suspected robbery in a stolen car. The police are trying to extract confessions. If one of the prisoners confess to the robbery, the other one goes free. If both refuse to confess they get equal sentences. If neither confesses, they can still be convicted for stealing the car. But the sentence for stealing a car which has been recovered is much less. What should the Red Chinese do, given that it is cornered? The world is fed up with it, and is breathing down its neck at the South China Sea, in Taiwan and the Malacca Straits as well. The intimidation bluff is not working any more. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

Lao Tzu’s Art of War has animated Communist China’s military strategy. The process was vastly aided by going back on solemn treaties, subterfuge, treachery, sudden stabs in the back, as in 1962. It resulted in a bonanza of consolidation. &nbsp;

Once such deeds are done, Red China uses a flurry of propaganda, misinformation, outright lies, mirroring what happened, with the culprits reversed. That China makes preposterous claims when it only grabbed Tibet in 1950, is remarkable. It is undeniable that it is Tibet that has always bordered Ladakh. &nbsp;

Mao swiftly took Tibet after coming to power in 1949. India was foolish enough to agree to this without demur. But the young Dalai Lama, who lives in India still after 61 years, had to flee to save his life in 1959. He and the Tibetan people, both in-country and in exile, have been experiencing the extent of what Red Chinese protection means ever since. &nbsp;

This imperialist and crafty process is in keeping with the tenets of the Art of War. &nbsp;The treatise’s greatest claim to fame is its advice on how to be victorious without getting down to actual combat. But its teachings work best when the enemy is caught napping and there is no resolute and credible challenge. &nbsp;

The intimidation as policy came unstuck at Galwan on the 15th of June 2020. Reports coming from China now say up to 100 Chinese soldiers were killed by Indian troops in hand-to-hand combat. What will be the consequence of a battle-hardened and well equipped Indian military, taking on a largely conscripted Peoples Liberation Army (PLA), apparently superior in equipment, but manned by soldiers who have never seen battle? We are soon going to find out.&nbsp;

&nbsp;(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

The fresh news is that China has agreed to pull back to its side of the LAC from the positions inside Indian territory. That is, if it doesn’t renege, or interminably drag its feet or play victim cum fresh aggressor.

The fresh news is that China has agreed to pull back to its side of the LAC from the positions inside Indian territory. That is, if it doesn’t renege, or interminably drag its feet or play victim cum fresh aggressor. India is ordering winter tents and cold weather clothes for its troops in any case. It will never again leave the LAC demilitarised with a few soldiers on patrol duties. But what about all the encroachment through the decades? During the Khalistan agitation, for example. And the building of a road to the Pangong Tso, and black-topping it, taking advantage of the distractions of the Kargil War. The Chinese don’t accept the McMahon Line. They don’t accept other British era maps either. Instead, they talk of ancient claims. They have refused to settle the border since 1949. There are wide variations between the Indian and Chinese positions. They claim the entire state of Arunachal Pradesh. Our LAC stretches to nearly 4,000 km. The Chinese LAC is only 2,200 km. long. The bullying and arrogance has been immense, but India in 2020, may have finally reached its tipping point in offering a military challenge. The all-weather tunnels, roads, bridges and rail have almost caught up on our side. High altitude regiments are battle fit. To counter Chinese prevarication at future border talks, we must point out that two can play this game. India must have the confidence to dust off the Dogra Maps of the erstwhile Kingdom of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K), to assert claims to what has long been Indian territory. This excellent negotiating point and possible war of the maps were made by prominent strategic thinker Shakti Sinha in a recent article. China had come to a Mexican standoff, much to its surprise. Its latest multiple but shallow intrusions have gained it nothing except the distinct possibility of imminent, no-holds-barred war. And this possibility will hover in the air from now onwards alongside economic sanctions and boycotts. What worked very well for Red China in the capture of thousands of kilometres of Indian territory since the 1950s, has been thwarted this time at Ladakh. Just as it was in Doklam in Bhutan, and at Nathu La at Sikkim, recently. A war of attrition is the inevitable next step with India unwilling to concede. And this will have to come to settle India’s territorial claims. China and satellite Pakistan will be forced to defend its mutual position or capitulate. And India has to take back the territory or lose it forever. It will also come under increasing pressure in future unless it fights for what belongs to it. Talks are not seen as sincere by either side but must go on for form’s sake. They are being used only to gain time, look for a strategic opening, and prepare the military machine. A war is coming, in which the Chinese are likely to suffer a large number of casualties, irrespective of what they are able to inflict on the Indians. And, this time, they cannot be sure whether they will gain or lose territory. India is going on the offensive. It will take back PoK and Gilgit Baltistan. Strategic depth in the Ladakh theatre is also desirable to protect this interconnected restoration. China has been playing the same game for long. Its earlier annexation of Indian Akshai Chin and part of the Siachen glacier needs consolidation. It has built roads into the adjoining province of Xinjiang. The road ranges from the Indian owned Karakoram Pass, a mere 10 km away from the Indian high altitude airport at Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO). It goes, via Xinjiang into the Khunjerab Pass that lets out into Gilgit-Baltistan, which is, once again occupied Indian territory. Another road leads from China to Tibet passing throughout on Indian territory. India has recently completed connector roads and bridges to DBO in the face of Chinese protests, and can now swiftly mobilise its armed forces. Just as China can, on its side of the LAC. China’s incursions and persistent land grabs have indeed been aided by the development of extensive infrastructure and roads over the years. It has become so adept at this process that it has also made bold to throw up roads and check posts on the Indian side whenever it could. In-Game Theory there is a situation called The Prisoner’s Dilemma. A couple has been caught by the police for a suspected robbery in a stolen car. The police are trying to extract confessions. If one of the prisoners confess to the robbery, the other one goes free. If both refuse to confess they get equal sentences. If neither confesses, they can still be convicted for stealing the car. But the sentence for stealing a car which has been recovered is much less. What should the Red Chinese do, given that it is cornered? The world is fed up with it, and is breathing down its neck at the South China Sea, in Taiwan and the Malacca Straits as well. The intimidation bluff is not working any more. Lao Tzu’s Art of War has animated Communist China’s military strategy. The process was vastly aided by going back on solemn treaties, subterfuge, treachery, sudden stabs in the back, as in 1962. It resulted in a bonanza of consolidation. Once such deeds are done, Red China uses a flurry of propaganda, misinformation, outright lies, mirroring what happened, with the culprits reversed. That China makes preposterous claims when it only grabbed Tibet in 1950, is remarkable. It is undeniable that it is Tibet that has always bordered Ladakh. Mao swiftly took Tibet after coming to power in 1949. India was foolish enough to agree to this without demur. But the young Dalai Lama, who lives in India still after 61 years, had to flee to save his life in 1959. He and the Tibetan people, both in-country and in exile, have been experiencing the extent of what Red Chinese protection means ever since. This imperialist and crafty process is in keeping with the tenets of the Art of War. The treatise’s greatest claim to fame is its advice on how to be victorious without getting down to actual combat. But its teachings work best when the enemy is caught napping and there is no resolute and credible challenge. The intimidation as policy came unstuck at Galwan on the 15th of June 2020. Reports coming from China now say up to 100 Chinese soldiers were killed by Indian troops in hand-to-hand combat. What will be the consequence of a battle-hardened and well equipped Indian military, taking on a largely conscripted Peoples Liberation Army (PLA), apparently superior in equipment, but manned by soldiers who have never seen battle? We are soon going to find out. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

India-China standoff: Use Dogra Maps and Game Theory

Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertook a surprise visit to eastern Ladakh on Friday to meet troops amid a Sino-India military standoff.

PM Modi, who was accompanied by Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and Army Chief M M Naravane, interacted with personnel of the Army, Air Force and ITBP.

PM Modi told the soldiers injured in the violent face-off with Chinese troops in Ladakh's Galwan Valley last month that they gave a befitting reply. Interacting with the injured personnel at an Army hospital in Leh, he said their bravery will be a source of inspiration for times to come.

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Today's visit sent out a clear message to China that India is prepared to take on any threat. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-face-off-your-courage-is-higher-than-the-mountains-pm-modi-to-indian-troops-at-ladakh-310351">Also Read: Your courage is higher than the mountains, PM Modi to Indian troops at Ladakh</a>

Launching a firm and veiled swipe at Beijing, PM Modi said that the country has neither bowed before any power of the world nor will it ever do so.

The Indian Prime Minister is facing China challenge head-on. After India imposed a ban on 59 Chinese apps. Modi exited Chinese social media websites by deleting his accounts. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-standoff-no-party-should-escalate-tensions-says-china-as-pm-modi-visits-ladakh-310408">Also Read: No party should escalate tensions, says China as PM Modi visits Ladakh</a>

The sudden Ladakh visit caught Beijing by surprise. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told reporters that, "China and India are in communication with each other through military and diplomatic channels. Neither side should make any move that may complicate the border situation."

The standoff against China is not ending soon, but Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit shows that India is ready to dig in for a long haul.

(With inputs from PTI)

&nbsp;

Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertook a surprise visit to eastern Ladakh on Friday to meet troops amid a Sino-India military standoff. PM Modi, who was accompanied by Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and Army Chief M M Naravane, interacted with personnel of the Army, Air Force and ITBP.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertook a surprise visit to eastern Ladakh on Friday to meet troops amid a Sino-India military standoff. PM Modi, who was accompanied by Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and Army Chief M M Naravane, interacted with personnel of the Army, Air Force and ITBP. PM Modi told the soldiers injured in the violent face-off with Chinese troops in Ladakh's Galwan Valley last month that they gave a befitting reply. Interacting with the injured personnel at an Army hospital in Leh, he said their bravery will be a source of inspiration for times to come. Today's visit sent out a clear message to China that India is prepared to take on any threat. Also Read: Your courage is higher than the mountains, PM Modi to Indian troops at Ladakh Launching a firm and veiled swipe at Beijing, PM Modi said that the country has neither bowed before any power of the world nor will it ever do so. The Indian Prime Minister is facing China challenge head-on. After India imposed a ban on 59 Chinese apps. Modi exited Chinese social media websites by deleting his accounts. Also Read: No party should escalate tensions, says China as PM Modi visits Ladakh The sudden Ladakh visit caught Beijing by surprise. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told reporters that, "China and India are in communication with each other through military and diplomatic channels. Neither side should make any move that may complicate the border situation." The standoff against China is not ending soon, but Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit shows that India is ready to dig in for a long haul. (With inputs from PTI)

India-China standoff: PM Narendra Modi's Ladakh visit gives a clear message to Beijing

Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertook a surprise visit to eastern Ladakh on Friday to meet troops amid a Sino-India military standoff.

PM Modi, who was accompanied by Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and Army Chief M M Naravane, interacted with personnel of the Army, Air Force and ITBP.

While visits to a front may be unusual for an Indian leader, it is almost a tradition for the leaders of the West. From Eisenhower to Tony Blair and Donald Trump, leaders have often visited fronts. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-standoff-pm-narendra-modis-ladakh-visit-gives-a-clear-message-to-beijing-310522">Also Read: PM Narendra Modi's Ladakh visit gives a clear message to Beijing</a>

The advantages of these visits outweigh the risk. George W Bush was the first US president to land in Iraq and that too just months after Saddam Hussein's statue was toppled.

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Bush was supposed to be at his ranch in Texas, but no one, including the people on board his Air Force 1, knew that the president was headed to a high tension front - Baghdad. This Thanksgiving visit gave a much-needed morale boost to the US troops. 
&nbsp; 
Recent US presidents have made repeated visits to Afghanistan. Obama travelled there multiple times, Trump's visit to Afghanistan this Thanksgiving Day, gave the troops a much-needed pat on the back. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-face-off-your-courage-is-higher-than-the-mountains-pm-modi-to-indian-troops-at-ladakh-310351">Also Read: Your courage is higher than the mountains, PM Modi to Indian troops at Ladakh</a>

These visits are also important for their message to the enemy, the world, and also the people back home. The very fact that the leader is standing there, besides his troops, speaks a thousand words.

In India, the President the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and not the Prime Minister. But &nbsp;Modi'svisit to Ladakh may have started a new tradition. It reflects daring leadership and the willingness to take risks. It is a hallmark of trust between the Armed Forces and the leadership.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertook a surprise visit to eastern Ladakh on Friday to meet troops amid a Sino-India military standoff. PM Modi, who was accompanied by Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and Army Chief M M Naravane, interacted with personnel of the Army, Air Force and ITBP. While visits to a front may be unusual for an Indian leader, it is almost a tradition for the leaders of the West. From Eisenhower to Tony Blair and Donald Trump, leaders have often visited fronts. Also Read: PM Narendra Modi's Ladakh visit gives a clear message to Beijing The advantages of these visits outweigh the risk. George W Bush was the first US president to land in Iraq and that too just months after Saddam Hussein's statue was toppled. Bush was supposed to be at his ranch in Texas, but no one, including the people on board his Air Force 1, knew that the president was headed to a high tension front - Baghdad. This Thanksgiving visit gave a much-needed morale boost to the US troops. Recent US presidents have made repeated visits to Afghanistan. Obama travelled there multiple times, Trump's visit to Afghanistan this Thanksgiving Day, gave the troops a much-needed pat on the back. Also Read: Your courage is higher than the mountains, PM Modi to Indian troops at Ladakh These visits are also important for their message to the enemy, the world, and also the people back home. The very fact that the leader is standing there, besides his troops, speaks a thousand words. In India, the President the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and not the Prime Minister. But Modi'svisit to Ladakh may have started a new tradition. It reflects daring leadership and the willingness to take risks. It is a hallmark of trust between the Armed Forces and the leadership.

Why do leaders visit warzones?

The coronavirus pandemic has triggered global uncertainly and China is looking to benefit from that. Chinese president Xi Jinping has betrayed allies to push his expansionist plans and is using money to buy global influence.&nbsp;

On the other hand, India under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi is building alliances helping the world with medical supplies.&nbsp;

The Chinese president tackled the worst health crisis in a century by staying out of the public eye, wherein Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has addressed the country at least five times since the Wuhan virus reached India.&nbsp; 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/why-do-leaders-visit-warzones-310528">Also Read:&nbsp;Why do leaders visit warzones?</a> 
 
From the announcement of the lockdown to the unveiling of the economic package, Prime Minister Modi has been at the front and centre of India's response.&nbsp;

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India stood by China as a friend at a time when the coronavirus crisis was at its peak and even provided them with 15 tonnes of medical supplies. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-standoff-pm-narendra-modis-ladakh-visit-gives-a-clear-message-to-beijing-310522">Also Read: PM Narendra Modi's Ladakh visit gives a clear message to Beijing</a>

In return, Chinese forces clashed with Indian Army personnel along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladhak.&nbsp;20 Indian soldiers were killed in action in a 'violent faceoff' with Chinese troops.

At a time when there is a trust deficit in global leadership, Narendra Modi has tried to shape India's position as a global consensus builder.&nbsp;Between March and May, PM Modi spoke to several world leaders.&nbsp;He convened the SAARC leaders’ video conference and also participated in the G20 Leaders’ Summit virtually.

While Xi Jinping has used the pandemic to embark on a global campaign to amass more power, India’s PM Narendra Modi approach to COVID-19 has reaffirmed India's position as a steady partner in an hour of crisis.&nbsp;

&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

The coronavirus pandemic has triggered global uncertainly and China is looking to benefit from that. Chinese president Xi Jinping has betrayed allies to push his expansionist plans and is using money to buy global influence.

The coronavirus pandemic has triggered global uncertainly and China is looking to benefit from that. Chinese president Xi Jinping has betrayed allies to push his expansionist plans and is using money to buy global influence. On the other hand, India under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi is building alliances helping the world with medical supplies. The Chinese president tackled the worst health crisis in a century by staying out of the public eye, wherein Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has addressed the country at least five times since the Wuhan virus reached India. Also Read: Why do leaders visit warzones? From the announcement of the lockdown to the unveiling of the economic package, Prime Minister Modi has been at the front and centre of India's response. India stood by China as a friend at a time when the coronavirus crisis was at its peak and even provided them with 15 tonnes of medical supplies. Also Read: PM Narendra Modi's Ladakh visit gives a clear message to Beijing In return, Chinese forces clashed with Indian Army personnel along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladhak. 20 Indian soldiers were killed in action in a 'violent faceoff' with Chinese troops. At a time when there is a trust deficit in global leadership, Narendra Modi has tried to shape India's position as a global consensus builder. Between March and May, PM Modi spoke to several world leaders. He convened the SAARC leaders’ video conference and also participated in the G20 Leaders’ Summit virtually. While Xi Jinping has used the pandemic to embark on a global campaign to amass more power, India’s PM Narendra Modi approach to COVID-19 has reaffirmed India's position as a steady partner in an hour of crisis.

PM Narendra Modi vs Xi Jinping: How are they different in dealing with challenges?

The Indian government had on Monday banned 59 Chinese apps amid the India-China standoff at Galwan Valley. 
 
The apps which were banned included UC Browser, Tik Tok, SHAREit, Baidu map, Shein, clash of Kings, DU battery saver, Helo, Likee, YouCam makeup, Mi Community, CM Browsers, Virus Cleaner, Apus Browser among others.

India needs a different strategy to tackle China, and in a single move, India has cut Beijing’s access to one of the biggest internet markets in the world.&nbsp;&nbsp;

National security is another reason because China's national intelligence law makes it legally binding on all Chinese companies to share data and intelligence.

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China is banking on technology to dominate the world. The world of the internet, smartphones and apps has no boundaries and it's easier to infiltrate. The alleged Russian meddling in the last US presidential election is the case in point. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-bans-59-chinese-apps-including-tiktok-shareit-uc-browser-citing-national-security-309464">Also Read:&nbsp;India bans 59 Chinese apps citing national security</a> 
 
The Indian government has said that the ban is a result of many complaints. Chinese apps have been accused of stealing data and they are now being seen as a threat to the security and defence of India.&nbsp;

After India's decision, app stores have started removing these applications from their platforms. TikTok, the most high profile victim of this ban, has been hidden from the search results of app stores. The app had more than 200 million users in India.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, the Chinese embassy in New Delhi has also issued a statement. China's foreign ministry said it was "strongly concerned" over India's ban on Chinese apps. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/strongly-concerned-over-indias-ban-on-chinese-apps-china-309601">Also Read: Strongly concerned over India's ban on Chinese apps: China</a>

&nbsp;"The Indian government has the responsibility to follow the legal rights of international investors including Chinese, the pattern is not in the interest of Indians too," China's foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said.

Although, China, which is breaking international rules on a daily basis, is in no position to lecture anyone about rules. India’s decision sets a precedent - now is the time to act and countries must learn to resist China.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

The Indian government had on Monday banned 59 Chinese apps amid the India-China standoff at Galwan Valley. The apps which were banned included UC Browser, Tik Tok, SHAREit, Baidu map, Shein, clash of Kings, DU battery saver, Helo, Likee, YouCam makeup, Mi Community, CM Browsers, Virus Cleaner, Apus Browser among others.

The Indian government had on Monday banned 59 Chinese apps amid the India-China standoff at Galwan Valley. The apps which were banned included UC Browser, Tik Tok, SHAREit, Baidu map, Shein, clash of Kings, DU battery saver, Helo, Likee, YouCam makeup, Mi Community, CM Browsers, Virus Cleaner, Apus Browser among others. India needs a different strategy to tackle China, and in a single move, India has cut Beijing’s access to one of the biggest internet markets in the world. National security is another reason because China's national intelligence law makes it legally binding on all Chinese companies to share data and intelligence. China is banking on technology to dominate the world. The world of the internet, smartphones and apps has no boundaries and it's easier to infiltrate. The alleged Russian meddling in the last US presidential election is the case in point. Also Read: India bans 59 Chinese apps citing national security The Indian government has said that the ban is a result of many complaints. Chinese apps have been accused of stealing data and they are now being seen as a threat to the security and defence of India. After India's decision, app stores have started removing these applications from their platforms. TikTok, the most high profile victim of this ban, has been hidden from the search results of app stores. The app had more than 200 million users in India. Meanwhile, the Chinese embassy in New Delhi has also issued a statement. China's foreign ministry said it was "strongly concerned" over India's ban on Chinese apps. Also Read: Strongly concerned over India's ban on Chinese apps: China "The Indian government has the responsibility to follow the legal rights of international investors including Chinese, the pattern is not in the interest of Indians too," China's foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said. Although, China, which is breaking international rules on a daily basis, is in no position to lecture anyone about rules. India’s decision sets a precedent - now is the time to act and countries must learn to resist China.

India bans Chinese apps: What does the decision mean for Beijing?

A day after banning 59 Chinese apps, the Indian government on Tuesday&nbsp;directed all internet service providers to block the banned apps under the emergency clause of the IT Act.

The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has issued the order in two sets -- the first set contains a list of 35 apps and the other 24 apps taking the total to 59.

"The Ministry of Electronics and &amp; Information Technology has issued directions for blocking 24 apps under the emergency clause 69A of the IT Act 2000, in addition to 35 apps for whose blocking instructions have been issued earlier today itself," a DoT order to internet companies said. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-bans-chinese-apps-what-does-the-decision-mean-for-beijing-309734">Also Read: India bans Chinese apps: What does the decision mean for Beijing?</a>

Government has also issued IP addresses which will make Internet service providers to easily block access to the banned Chinese apps.

The Indian government had on Monday banned 59 Chinese apps amid the India-China standoff at Galwan Valley.

Other than TikTok, the apps which were banned included UC Browser, SHAREit, Baidu map, Shein, clash of Kings, DU battery saver, Helo, Likee, YouCam makeup, Mi Community, CM Browsers, Virus Cleaner, Apus Browser and many more. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-bans-59-chinese-apps-including-tiktok-shareit-uc-browser-citing-national-security-309464">Also Read: India bans 59 Chinese apps citing national security</a>

Meanwhile, China's foreign ministry said it was "strongly concerned" over India's ban on Chinese apps.

"China is strongly concerned by the notice served by the Indian government," it said, adding, "the Chinese government always asks Chinese businessmen to abide by international law and regulations in their business cooperation." 
 
(With inputs from PTI)

A day after banning 59 Chinese apps, the Indian government on Tuesday directed all internet service providers to block the banned apps under the emergency clause of the IT Act.

A day after banning 59 Chinese apps, the Indian government on Tuesday directed all internet service providers to block the banned apps under the emergency clause of the IT Act. The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has issued the order in two sets -- the first set contains a list of 35 apps and the other 24 apps taking the total to 59. "The Ministry of Electronics and & Information Technology has issued directions for blocking 24 apps under the emergency clause 69A of the IT Act 2000, in addition to 35 apps for whose blocking instructions have been issued earlier today itself," a DoT order to internet companies said. Also Read: India bans Chinese apps: What does the decision mean for Beijing? Government has also issued IP addresses which will make Internet service providers to easily block access to the banned Chinese apps. The Indian government had on Monday banned 59 Chinese apps amid the India-China standoff at Galwan Valley. Other than TikTok, the apps which were banned included UC Browser, SHAREit, Baidu map, Shein, clash of Kings, DU battery saver, Helo, Likee, YouCam makeup, Mi Community, CM Browsers, Virus Cleaner, Apus Browser and many more. Also Read: India bans 59 Chinese apps citing national security Meanwhile, China's foreign ministry said it was "strongly concerned" over India's ban on Chinese apps. "China is strongly concerned by the notice served by the Indian government," it said, adding, "the Chinese government always asks Chinese businessmen to abide by international law and regulations in their business cooperation." (With inputs from PTI)

Government asks internet companies to block the banned Chinese apps

China has not concealed its aim and determination to become a superpower in the world. It has not left anyone in doubt about its self-centred schemes to dominate the world and expand its territories. China gives an impression that it would combine different types of strategies on the trade front, propaganda campaign and military warfare to achieve its objectives, depending upon the circumstances.

Obviously, most countries in the world are concerned about China’s methodologies and practices.&nbsp;

These strategies of China are largely similar to that of Hitler and many dictatorial regimes in the past across the world, that have adopted such methods in different measures. Ultimately, history has shown that such ill-conceived, unethical plans do not provide the intended end results and the initiator of the schemes suffer and fall out in the process. 
 
Obviously, China seeks to implement its schemes to dominate the world in several stages over the coming years. Its One Belt One Road scheme is part of the grand plan to make the economically weak and developing countries firmly fall under China’s control. As India has refused to enter the OBOR trap, China considers India as a stumbling block.

As part of this scheme to weaken India and also as part of its global domination plans, China is trying to encircle India, by bringing all India’s neighbours - &nbsp;Pakistan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka, as well as the nearby Maldives, under its influence. It is adopting a combination of methods for this purpose.

China is participating in infrastructure projects in various countries and enabling such projects by extending financial assistance and sending Chinese equipment and technicians to these countries. In the process Beijing is making these countries debt-ridden and dependant on China.

It has already succeeded to some extent in Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan and enough evidence are there to prove this.

However, China seems to have ignored the ground reality that while it can buy the politicians and sectarian groups in India’s neighbouring countries, but it cannot overpower the people in these countries. Overpowering the territories is totally different from overpowering the people living in these territories.

The protests are happening in several countries against China's policies and they are bound to intensify as people would realize the extent of dependence on Beijing.

India’s neighbouring countries are already burdened due to the debt that they owe to China. In the course of time, these countries may fail to repay the debt, terming the terms of debt as unreasonable and exploitative. China will not be able to handle such a situation, particularly when it would happen in several debt-ridden Asian and African countries. Public protest on large scale would become inevitable against China. &nbsp; 
 
(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

China has not concealed its aim and determination to become a superpower in the world. It has not left anyone in doubt about its self-centred schemes to dominate the world and expand its territories.

China has not concealed its aim and determination to become a superpower in the world. It has not left anyone in doubt about its self-centred schemes to dominate the world and expand its territories. China gives an impression that it would combine different types of strategies on the trade front, propaganda campaign and military warfare to achieve its objectives, depending upon the circumstances. Obviously, most countries in the world are concerned about China’s methodologies and practices. These strategies of China are largely similar to that of Hitler and many dictatorial regimes in the past across the world, that have adopted such methods in different measures. Ultimately, history has shown that such ill-conceived, unethical plans do not provide the intended end results and the initiator of the schemes suffer and fall out in the process. Obviously, China seeks to implement its schemes to dominate the world in several stages over the coming years. Its One Belt One Road scheme is part of the grand plan to make the economically weak and developing countries firmly fall under China’s control. As India has refused to enter the OBOR trap, China considers India as a stumbling block. As part of this scheme to weaken India and also as part of its global domination plans, China is trying to encircle India, by bringing all India’s neighbours - Pakistan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka, as well as the nearby Maldives, under its influence. It is adopting a combination of methods for this purpose. China is participating in infrastructure projects in various countries and enabling such projects by extending financial assistance and sending Chinese equipment and technicians to these countries. In the process Beijing is making these countries debt-ridden and dependant on China. It has already succeeded to some extent in Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan and enough evidence are there to prove this. However, China seems to have ignored the ground reality that while it can buy the politicians and sectarian groups in India’s neighbouring countries, but it cannot overpower the people in these countries. Overpowering the territories is totally different from overpowering the people living in these territories. The protests are happening in several countries against China's policies and they are bound to intensify as people would realize the extent of dependence on Beijing. India’s neighbouring countries are already burdened due to the debt that they owe to China. In the course of time, these countries may fail to repay the debt, terming the terms of debt as unreasonable and exploitative. China will not be able to handle such a situation, particularly when it would happen in several debt-ridden Asian and African countries. Public protest on large scale would become inevitable against China. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Is China biting more than it can chew?

The Indian Army said on Tuesday that Commander-level talks between India and China were held in a "cordial, positive &amp; constructive atmosphere" as both sides decided to "disengage with the mutual consensus". 
 
On Monday, Lt Gen Harinder Singh, the commander of the 14 Corps, held a nearly 11-hour meeting with Commander of the Tibet Military District Maj Gen Liu Lin in an attempt to lower the temperature between the two sides.

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China has agreed to de-escalate at the border and it expressed willingness to chalk out differences with India. A step-by-step withdrawal is being planned and the disengagement will happen not only in Galwan, but in all friction areas of eastern Ladakh.

The first round of the Lt General-level talks was held on June 6 as both sides agreed to disengage gradually, however, Indian and Chinese troops clashed at the Galwan Valley on June 15-16. And hence, blindly believing that Beijing would live up to its promise this time will be a mistake. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/need-to-respect-ethos-of-international-law-says-jaishankar-in-a-meet-with-china-russia-307955">Also Read: Need to respect ethos of international law, says Jaishankar in a meet with China, Russia</a>

A US intelligence report has emerged which contradicts everything that China has been saying about the Galwan skirmish. It indicates that this faceoff was an attempt by China to teach India a lesson. 
 
Furthermore, Moody's Investors Service has projected the Indian economy to shrink by 3.1 per cent this year. It said that clashes on the Ladakh border suggest that geopolitical risks are rising in the entire region. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/after-commander-level-talks-china-says-decided-to-take-steps-to-cool-down-things-at-the-border-307891">Also Read:&nbsp;China says 'decided to take steps to cool down things at the border'</a>

The foreign ministers of Russia, India and China held a virtual meeting on Tuesday. In a veiled attack at China against the backdrop of a tense border stand-off, External Affairs Minister S.&nbsp;Jaishankar said that "Respecting international law, recognizing the legitimate interests of partners, supporting multilateralism and promoting common good is the only way of building a durable world order.

India will need to make necessary adjustments in its foreign and defence policy and devise a strategy to thwart Beijing's larger hegemonic objectives.

The Indian Army said on Tuesday that Commander-level talks between India and China were held in a "cordial, positive & constructive atmosphere" as both sides decided to "disengage with the mutual consensus".

The Indian Army said on Tuesday that Commander-level talks between India and China were held in a "cordial, positive & constructive atmosphere" as both sides decided to "disengage with the mutual consensus". On Monday, Lt Gen Harinder Singh, the commander of the 14 Corps, held a nearly 11-hour meeting with Commander of the Tibet Military District Maj Gen Liu Lin in an attempt to lower the temperature between the two sides. × China has agreed to de-escalate at the border and it expressed willingness to chalk out differences with India. A step-by-step withdrawal is being planned and the disengagement will happen not only in Galwan, but in all friction areas of eastern Ladakh. The first round of the Lt General-level talks was held on June 6 as both sides agreed to disengage gradually, however, Indian and Chinese troops clashed at the Galwan Valley on June 15-16. And hence, blindly believing that Beijing would live up to its promise this time will be a mistake. Also Read: Need to respect ethos of international law, says Jaishankar in a meet with China, Russia A US intelligence report has emerged which contradicts everything that China has been saying about the Galwan skirmish. It indicates that this faceoff was an attempt by China to teach India a lesson. Furthermore, Moody's Investors Service has projected the Indian economy to shrink by 3.1 per cent this year. It said that clashes on the Ladakh border suggest that geopolitical risks are rising in the entire region. Also Read: China says 'decided to take steps to cool down things at the border' The foreign ministers of Russia, India and China held a virtual meeting on Tuesday. In a veiled attack at China against the backdrop of a tense border stand-off, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said that "Respecting international law, recognizing the legitimate interests of partners, supporting multilateralism and promoting common good is the only way of building a durable world order. India will need to make necessary adjustments in its foreign and defence policy and devise a strategy to thwart Beijing's larger hegemonic objectives.

Ladakh dispute: Consensus reached between India and China on disengagement

Amid tensions at the border, the&nbsp;Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination(WMCC) on India and China border affairs is set to&nbsp;hold a virtual meet&nbsp;to discuss border tensions between the two countries. &nbsp;

Watch Video:

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The talks are set to be headed by joint secretary-level officials from both sides.&nbsp; The talks will be held today between Naveen Srivastava, joint secretary(East Asia) and Wu Jianghao, director-general in the Chinese ministry of foreign affairs.&nbsp;

This is the second diplomatic level talks this month after the first took place on June 5.

The consultation and coordination mechanism was established in 2012 for the maintenance of peace and tranquillity between the two countries.

The meet is set to be conducted through a video link.

India and Chinese military commanders had taken part in talks along the Line of Actual Control on Monday which lasted to eleven hours. Both sides had decided to disengage after clashes at the border had left 20 Indian soldiers dead last week at Galwan Valley.

Amid tensions in the area, India's Army chief MM Naravane visited the Leh in order to review the situation at the border.

Amid tensions at the border, the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination(WMCC) on India and China border affairs is set to hold a virtual meet to discuss border tensions between the two countries.

Amid tensions at the border, the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination(WMCC) on India and China border affairs is set to hold a virtual meet to discuss border tensions between the two countries. Watch Video: The talks are set to be headed by joint secretary-level officials from both sides. The talks will be held today between Naveen Srivastava, joint secretary(East Asia) and Wu Jianghao, director-general in the Chinese ministry of foreign affairs. This is the second diplomatic level talks this month after the first took place on June 5. The consultation and coordination mechanism was established in 2012 for the maintenance of peace and tranquillity between the two countries. The meet is set to be conducted through a video link. India and Chinese military commanders had taken part in talks along the Line of Actual Control on Monday which lasted to eleven hours. Both sides had decided to disengage after clashes at the border had left 20 Indian soldiers dead last week at Galwan Valley. Amid tensions in the area, India's Army chief MM Naravane visited the Leh in order to review the situation at the border.

India, China to hold diplomatic talks amid tensions along LAC

Indian and Chinese militaries are holding a second round of senior military-level talks on Monday in an attempt to lower the temperature following the violent clashes in Galwan Valley last week in which 20 Army personnel were killed in action.

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The Indian delegation at the talks is being led by 14 Corps Commander Lt Gen Harinder Singh while the Chinese side was to be headed by&nbsp;Major General Lin Liu, the commander of the South Xinjiang Military District,&nbsp;

Meanwhile, the Indian Army Chief, General MM Naravane, is expected to visit Ladakh soon to review the security arrangements.

Amidst the continuing standoff between the Indian Army and China''s PLA, the Centre on Monday reviewed ongoing road projects along the Sino-Indian border, and decided to expedite work on 32 of them. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/tibetan-govt-in-exile-warns-of-chinese-expansionist-policy-in-the-region-says-beijing-buying-elites-in-nepal-307694">Also Read: Tibetan govt in exile warns of Chinese expansionist policy in the region</a>

The decision was taken at a high-level meeting convened by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), and attended by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD), Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) among others.

Furthermore, the Central government has granted more financial power to Defence&nbsp;Forces under which they can buy any ammunition or weapon of up to Rs 500 crore without seeking clearances.

The government has also given the Armed Forces "full freedom" to give a "befitting" response to any Chinese misadventure along the 3,500-km de-facto border.

As India makes these moves, China is watching closely and speaking through its state media. "If Indian soldiers use firearms against Chinese soldiers in the future, there will be a different picture in the border areas," quoted&nbsp;the Global Times. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/not-bats-but-batman-indian-army-takes-dig-at-china-in-post-saluting-martyrs-307615">Also Read: 'Not bats, but batman': Indian Army takes dig at China in post saluting martyrs</a>

In the past, India never took pre-emptive measures and only offered localised resistance, but New Delhi is changing the game to give its Armed Forces an edge, and this has baffled Beijing.

Experts suggest that India must bolster its border areas in Ladakh, putting together necessary infrastructure the Army would need for any future confrontation with China.

(With inputs from PTI)

Indian and Chinese militaries are holding a second round of senior military-level talks on Monday in an attempt to lower the temperature following the violent clashes in Galwan Valley last week in which 20 Army personnel were killed in action.

Indian and Chinese militaries are holding a second round of senior military-level talks on Monday in an attempt to lower the temperature following the violent clashes in Galwan Valley last week in which 20 Army personnel were killed in action. × The Indian delegation at the talks is being led by 14 Corps Commander Lt Gen Harinder Singh while the Chinese side was to be headed by Major General Lin Liu, the commander of the South Xinjiang Military District, Meanwhile, the Indian Army Chief, General MM Naravane, is expected to visit Ladakh soon to review the security arrangements. Amidst the continuing standoff between the Indian Army and China''s PLA, the Centre on Monday reviewed ongoing road projects along the Sino-Indian border, and decided to expedite work on 32 of them. Also Read: Tibetan govt in exile warns of Chinese expansionist policy in the region The decision was taken at a high-level meeting convened by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), and attended by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD), Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) among others. Furthermore, the Central government has granted more financial power to Defence Forces under which they can buy any ammunition or weapon of up to Rs 500 crore without seeking clearances. The government has also given the Armed Forces "full freedom" to give a "befitting" response to any Chinese misadventure along the 3,500-km de-facto border. As India makes these moves, China is watching closely and speaking through its state media. "If Indian soldiers use firearms against Chinese soldiers in the future, there will be a different picture in the border areas," quoted the Global Times. Also Read: 'Not bats, but batman': Indian Army takes dig at China in post saluting martyrs In the past, India never took pre-emptive measures and only offered localised resistance, but New Delhi is changing the game to give its Armed Forces an edge, and this has baffled Beijing. Experts suggest that India must bolster its border areas in Ladakh, putting together necessary infrastructure the Army would need for any future confrontation with China. (With inputs from PTI)

Here's how India is responding to China's provocations

The Indian Army said on Tuesday that corps commander level talks between India and China held on Monday&nbsp;at Moldo was held in a "cordial, positive &amp; constructive atmosphere" as both sides decided to "disengage with mutual consensus".

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indian-chinese-army-commanders-meet-lasts-for-11-hours-report-307866">Also Read:&nbsp;Indian, Chinese Army commanders meet lasts for 11 hours</a>

"The modalities for disengagement from all friction areas in eastern Ladakh were discussed and will be taken forward by both sides," the Indian Army said.

Watch Video:

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Meanwhile, China's ministry of foreign affairs said that both Indian and Chinese troops were engaged in second commander level talks and "it is the first after the Galwan Valley incident".

"We had candid talks and decided to take steps to cool down things at the border," the foreign ministry said.

Indian and Chinese military commanders had met on Monday amid tensions along the Line of Actual Control after clashes&nbsp;in the Galwan Vallery had led to the death of 20 Indian soldiers. The meeting reportedly lasted for 11 hours.

The first round of the Lt Gen-level talks was held on June 6 as both sides agreed to disengage gradually, however, Indian and Chinese troops clashed at the Galwan Valley on June 15-16.

Amid talks between the two sides, Army chief Manoj Mukund Naravane will be vising Leh today to review the situation with the 14 Corps officials amid tensions at the LAC. The Army chief will also be speaking to the commanders on the progress of talks between Indian military commanders and the Chinese military held on Monday.

Air Chief Marshal R K S Bhadauria had earlier visited Ladakh and Srinagar air bases to review the Indian Air Force's preparedness along the LAC.

The Indian Army has reportedly positioned additional troops to forward locations along the China border in the last one week after clashes erupted between the two sides.

Reports say the IAF has moved Sukhoi 30 MKI, Jaguar, Mirage 2000 aircraft and Apache attack helicopters in key air bases in Leh and Srinagar.

The Indian Army said on Tuesday that corps commander level talks between India and China held on Monday at Moldo was held in a "cordial, positive & constructive atmosphere" as both sides decided to "disengage with mutual consensus".

The Indian Army said on Tuesday that corps commander level talks between India and China held on Monday at Moldo was held in a "cordial, positive & constructive atmosphere" as both sides decided to "disengage with mutual consensus". Also Read: Indian, Chinese Army commanders meet lasts for 11 hours "The modalities for disengagement from all friction areas in eastern Ladakh were discussed and will be taken forward by both sides," the Indian Army said. Watch Video: Meanwhile, China's ministry of foreign affairs said that both Indian and Chinese troops were engaged in second commander level talks and "it is the first after the Galwan Valley incident". "We had candid talks and decided to take steps to cool down things at the border," the foreign ministry said. Indian and Chinese military commanders had met on Monday amid tensions along the Line of Actual Control after clashes in the Galwan Vallery had led to the death of 20 Indian soldiers. The meeting reportedly lasted for 11 hours. The first round of the Lt Gen-level talks was held on June 6 as both sides agreed to disengage gradually, however, Indian and Chinese troops clashed at the Galwan Valley on June 15-16. Amid talks between the two sides, Army chief Manoj Mukund Naravane will be vising Leh today to review the situation with the 14 Corps officials amid tensions at the LAC. The Army chief will also be speaking to the commanders on the progress of talks between Indian military commanders and the Chinese military held on Monday. Air Chief Marshal R K S Bhadauria had earlier visited Ladakh and Srinagar air bases to review the Indian Air Force's preparedness along the LAC. The Indian Army has reportedly positioned additional troops to forward locations along the China border in the last one week after clashes erupted between the two sides. Reports say the IAF has moved Sukhoi 30 MKI, Jaguar, Mirage 2000 aircraft and Apache attack helicopters in key air bases in Leh and Srinagar.

After commander-level talks, China says 'decided to take steps to cool down things at the border'

The Indian Army has made a significant change in Rules of Engagement (ROE) after the Galway Valley skirmish that left 20 Indian soldiers dead. It has now given “complete freedom of action” to commanders deployed along the contested Line of Actual Control (LAC) to “handle situations at the tactical level.”

India-China border tensions: Troops are no longer bound to not using firearms

Whether the government of India would admit or not, it is crystal clear that India is facing a war-like situation with China today.

The most important thing that India needs to do now is to convey a firm impression to the Chinese government that India would not buckle under pressure and military threat. Certainly, this is what many countries in the world, who understand the tactics of China and are concerned about it, expect from India today.&nbsp;

Obviously, India has to confront China on several fronts including trade and economic front. While China has created huge capacities in several industrial and commercial sectors, the fact is that China is excessively dependent on the world market for its industries to operate at the economic capacity utilisation level, &nbsp;by marketing their product internationally. This is the area where China has to be confronted. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions-blogs/what-should-india-do-now-to-fight-chinas-provocations-306750">Also Read: What should India do now to fight China's provocations?</a>

US President Trump has understood this and that is why he initiated the trade war with China, which is getting silent approval from several countries. Very few countries criticise the US for its trade war moves, which has made the Chinese economy weaker, though not still weak at an alarming level.

It is high time that India too needs to start a trade war with China. While there is a high level of clamour amongst the cross-section of Indians to ban the import of goods and services from China, some “experts” have been stating that the ban on import of goods from China would nearly paralyze the Indian economy too. This view is certainly not based on facts and not based on a clear understanding of the ground realities in India.

In the year 2019, China’s exports to India was $68.3 billion, while India’s exports to China was much lower level at $17.1 billion, largely consisting of minerals and natural products.

Of these above exports by China to India, drugs and drug intermediates constitute around &nbsp;65 per cent of the total import of bulk drugs and intermediates by India from various countries. Most of these import of bulk drugs and drug intermediates are avoidable, as India has enough capacity. For example, the number of units in India has capacities for the production of several drugs such as Ibuprofen, paracetamol metronidazole, and still India import from China leading to underutilisation of capacity in India. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions-blogs/china-is-learning-the-limitations-of-its-will-to-power-305595">Also Read: China is learning the limitations of its will to power</a>

In the same way, India has adequate installed capacity for several chemicals and even such chemicals are being imported from China. Several examples can be readily pointed out.

India imports around 1 lakh tonne per annum of citric acid from China and India was producing citric acid and then closed its plants due to import dumping from China.

Several Indian units such as Hindustan Antibiotics, Torrent Pharmaceuticals, and others were producing Penicillin G earlier and all of them have closed operations due to import dumping from China and now India is largely importing from China.

Why is this situation? The reason needs to be understood and tackled. 
 
India is importing several pharmaceuticals and chemicals from China, not due to lack of production capacity or technological capability but Indian buyers are tempted by low prices offered by Beijing and also because it provides liberal credit terms of as much as six months to the Indian buyers from the date of Bill of Lading, after the Indian buyer would open irrevocable Letter of Credit.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The fact is that China is a nonmarket economy and several hidden subsidies and support are given by the Chinese government to help the Chinese industries export the products at a low price and there is no transparency in such matters.

What is particularly surprising is that several buyers and traders in India succumb to the temptation of buying products from China due to the low price and liberal credit terms, even if the quality and specification of the Chinese product would be less than that of the product produced in developed countries.

Curbing the import of products from China is now a national necessity to protect India’s interests. There are many non-essential items imported from China such as furniture, bedding, toys, mobile phones, televisions, etc., which India can do without supply from China.&nbsp;

In the case of chemicals, bulk drugs, auto parts etc., the capacity utilisation of Indian industries should be improved and production increased by curbing import from China. There are enough capabilities in India with regard to such products.

Even in the case of the renewable energy sector, solar cells are imported from China in large quantities, while solar cell producers in India are languishing.

The government of India should make the price of Chinese goods in India expensive by imposing safeguard duty to protect the Indian industries and national interest.&nbsp;With such protection, Indian industries will have the opportunity to expand capacities, increase production and optimise production cost, which they are unable to do now as they are unable to operate with confidence due to import dumping from China. &nbsp;

India has to learn from the strategy of US President Trump who has imposed tariffs on Chinese products heavily to curb imports from China. China has tried to retaliate by imposing tariffs on US products. In the process, both the countries have not bothered about the regulations of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).

China is occupying Indian territory and has killed Indian soldiers. In such circumstances, India starting a trade war with China is absolutely appropriate. Even as per the WTO rules, safeguard duty can be imposed on the imported product by any country, if the domestic industry would be adversely impacted.

Certainly, a trade war with India would not destabilise the Chinese economy in a big way, but it would cause concern to China. This would make it clear to China about India’s determination to confront China and would be a trendsetter for several countries in the world who are equally concerned like India about China’s greed, ruthlessness, and territorial expansionist policies. 
 
(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Whether the government of India would admit or not, it is crystal clear that India is facing a war-like situation with China today. The most important thing that India needs to do now is to convey a firm impression to the Chinese government that India would not buckle under pressure and military threat.

Whether the government of India would admit or not, it is crystal clear that India is facing a war-like situation with China today. The most important thing that India needs to do now is to convey a firm impression to the Chinese government that India would not buckle under pressure and military threat. Certainly, this is what many countries in the world, who understand the tactics of China and are concerned about it, expect from India today. Obviously, India has to confront China on several fronts including trade and economic front. While China has created huge capacities in several industrial and commercial sectors, the fact is that China is excessively dependent on the world market for its industries to operate at the economic capacity utilisation level, by marketing their product internationally. This is the area where China has to be confronted. Also Read: What should India do now to fight China's provocations? US President Trump has understood this and that is why he initiated the trade war with China, which is getting silent approval from several countries. Very few countries criticise the US for its trade war moves, which has made the Chinese economy weaker, though not still weak at an alarming level. It is high time that India too needs to start a trade war with China. While there is a high level of clamour amongst the cross-section of Indians to ban the import of goods and services from China, some “experts” have been stating that the ban on import of goods from China would nearly paralyze the Indian economy too. This view is certainly not based on facts and not based on a clear understanding of the ground realities in India. In the year 2019, China’s exports to India was $68.3 billion, while India’s exports to China was much lower level at $17.1 billion, largely consisting of minerals and natural products. Of these above exports by China to India, drugs and drug intermediates constitute around 65 per cent of the total import of bulk drugs and intermediates by India from various countries. Most of these import of bulk drugs and drug intermediates are avoidable, as India has enough capacity. For example, the number of units in India has capacities for the production of several drugs such as Ibuprofen, paracetamol metronidazole, and still India import from China leading to underutilisation of capacity in India. Also Read: China is learning the limitations of its will to power In the same way, India has adequate installed capacity for several chemicals and even such chemicals are being imported from China. Several examples can be readily pointed out. India imports around 1 lakh tonne per annum of citric acid from China and India was producing citric acid and then closed its plants due to import dumping from China. Several Indian units such as Hindustan Antibiotics, Torrent Pharmaceuticals, and others were producing Penicillin G earlier and all of them have closed operations due to import dumping from China and now India is largely importing from China. Why is this situation? The reason needs to be understood and tackled. India is importing several pharmaceuticals and chemicals from China, not due to lack of production capacity or technological capability but Indian buyers are tempted by low prices offered by Beijing and also because it provides liberal credit terms of as much as six months to the Indian buyers from the date of Bill of Lading, after the Indian buyer would open irrevocable Letter of Credit. The fact is that China is a nonmarket economy and several hidden subsidies and support are given by the Chinese government to help the Chinese industries export the products at a low price and there is no transparency in such matters. What is particularly surprising is that several buyers and traders in India succumb to the temptation of buying products from China due to the low price and liberal credit terms, even if the quality and specification of the Chinese product would be less than that of the product produced in developed countries. Curbing the import of products from China is now a national necessity to protect India’s interests. There are many non-essential items imported from China such as furniture, bedding, toys, mobile phones, televisions, etc., which India can do without supply from China. In the case of chemicals, bulk drugs, auto parts etc., the capacity utilisation of Indian industries should be improved and production increased by curbing import from China. There are enough capabilities in India with regard to such products. Even in the case of the renewable energy sector, solar cells are imported from China in large quantities, while solar cell producers in India are languishing. The government of India should make the price of Chinese goods in India expensive by imposing safeguard duty to protect the Indian industries and national interest. With such protection, Indian industries will have the opportunity to expand capacities, increase production and optimise production cost, which they are unable to do now as they are unable to operate with confidence due to import dumping from China. India has to learn from the strategy of US President Trump who has imposed tariffs on Chinese products heavily to curb imports from China. China has tried to retaliate by imposing tariffs on US products. In the process, both the countries have not bothered about the regulations of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). China is occupying Indian territory and has killed Indian soldiers. In such circumstances, India starting a trade war with China is absolutely appropriate. Even as per the WTO rules, safeguard duty can be imposed on the imported product by any country, if the domestic industry would be adversely impacted. Certainly, a trade war with India would not destabilise the Chinese economy in a big way, but it would cause concern to China. This would make it clear to China about India’s determination to confront China and would be a trendsetter for several countries in the world who are equally concerned like India about China’s greed, ruthlessness, and territorial expansionist policies. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

India's avoidable import dependence on China

China’s recent intrusions in Galwan Valley and Pangong Tso, once again prove that after years of bending over backwards to accommodate or somewhat appease China, India has not yet learned any meaningful lessons about the Chinese strategic mindset. After annexing Tibet, Mao said, Tibet is the palm, and now they must get the five fingers- Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Arunachal Pradesh. However, India's early leadership was perceptive enough to visualize this and act accordingly by warming up to the five fingers and in Sikkim’s case by integrating it with India in 1975. &nbsp;

Looking Back&nbsp;

In 1954, India and China signed the Panchsheel agreement. With it, also began, India’s implied support to the doctrine of the “One-China” policy. However, CCP’s expansionist designs continued to simmer and manifested in Chinese inroads in Tibet and later in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh. The betrayal and debacle of 1962 shattered Nehru, ultimately leading to his demise and sending India into a phase of what this author would prefer to call “strategic depression.” India became inward-looking, insanely skeptical of foreign powers, and obsessed with putting its own house in order. After 1962, China and India went through a long phase of uneasy silence, apart from the clashes of 1967 when the Indian army routed the Chinese in Nathula, killing hundreds of PLA soldiers and the Chinese attack on the Assam Rifles patrol party in 1975 at Tulung La in Arunachal. &nbsp;

The Long era of Appeasement&nbsp;

In 1988, Rajiv Gandhi’s China visit after the Sumdorongchu standoff (1986) ‘broke the ice’ and resumed bilateral ties after three decades. In 1993, PM Narsimha Rao visited China and signed the Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement. &nbsp;

In 1996, China agreed upon a range of CBMs with India in the military field along LAC. Following it was the border trade agreement of 2003 to promote border trade through Nathu La and develop friendly ties. In 2005, India-China signed the Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the Boundary Question, in 2012, the agreement on border tri-junction (India, China, and Bhutan), and in 2013, the agreement on border defence and cooperation. &nbsp;

India continued with its policy of engaging China and accommodating Chinese concerns in the naïve hope of resolving border disputes, weakening China’s ties with Pakistan, and harness the strengths of civilizational-cultural ties. In 2015, India extended the privilege of electronic visas to Chinese citizens on arriving in India and removed China from the list of the “countries of concern” to attract more Chinese investment. It resulted in massive dumping by Chinese firms doubling the trade surplus to $60 billion per year. In 2018, Delhi refused an official contact with Dalai Lama and Tibet’s India-based government-in-exile. However, Chinese intrusions continued. In 2013, the Chinese made incursions in Depsang valley, indulging in provocative military action. In 2014, during Xi Jinping India-visit, PLA made incursions in Ladakh’s Chumar area and in 2017, in Doklam plateau, resulting in a 73-day long stand-off between the two armies. &nbsp;

Lessons from the Past&nbsp;

After 22 rounds of special-representative level meetings to settle the boundary dispute, the CCP shows no intent to resolve the border dispute. The flare-ups in Doklam, Depsang, Chumar, Ladakh, and intensifying pressure on Nepal and Arunachal Pradesh clearly suggest that CCP is still chasing Mao’s dream of occupying the five fingers. &nbsp;

On the Indian side, it appears that there is a deep-rooted policy ambiguity about China. Whether China is an adversary or a friend continues to remain an unanswered question at the policy level? India’s powerful foreign ministry mandarins have advocated the policy of positive engagement with China, over the last 30 years. India’s dominant left-wing academic and journalistic community, many of whom are now baying for Chinese blood, have consistently held that India and China have an economic interdependence, and India cannot economically grow without China. &nbsp;

The recent skirmishes have once again proved that both groups are living in a fool’s paradise. After decades of written agreements and CBMs, China still encroaches into Indian territory, making a complete mockery of goodwill and appeasement shown by India. In the economic realm also, Delhi’s foreign policy mandarins preferred engaging China either through BRICS or by joining the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank). However, it hardly brought any favorable change in China’s strategic behaviour. &nbsp;The trade, investment, and economic relationship have mostly hovered around India importing cheap consumer goods from China. China has not transferred any technology to India. It has had a detrimental effect on the local innovation and entrepreneurship and increased India’s dependence manifold. Even though India has a trade deficit of $60 billion, it has failed to leverage it on the strategic front.&nbsp;

Over the Chinese side, the strategic thought has been consistent, i.e., to keep the borders vague and make continuous inroads laying sovereign claims to more and more territory. Chinese have deliberately continued with the policy of keeping LAC vague and widening the military and economic gap with India so that it can negotiate on its terms in the future. &nbsp;

It is not hard to discern the pattern of “two-steps forward and one-step backward” in Chinese policy. Moreover, China agreed to a range of things in the bilateral agreements with India; however, they continued to misinterpret them and change the goalposts when it suits them. As recently as 2018, China agreed to Delhi’s offer of an annual informal bilateral summit. However, such goodwill gestures had no impact on China’s intrusions. After the Doklam standoff, China built permanent structures and enhanced its deployments gaining control of most of the barren plateau claimed by India’s ally, Bhutan. Interestingly, China agrees to the bilateral summits and diplomatic engagements because it aligns well with its “engagement with containment” strategy with India. &nbsp;

India has to learn from Tibet’s and its own experience that deception, surprise, and concealment is a fundamental aspect of CCP’s strategic thought, diplomacy, and military policy. The reason lies in the devious expansionist intent, the essence of the CCP’s strategic thought process. It originates from the genesis of CCP, its inherent ideological totalitarianism, deterministic approach, and the revanchist attitude, rooted in historical grudges and frustrations. Also, China’s expansionist intent is not merely India-specific and confined to the political domain. China’s bullying and arm-twisting in the South China Sea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Eastern Turkestan also emanates from the same imperial DNA of CCP.&nbsp;

In the economic sphere, China’s torturous loans sending nations into debt-trap, demographic engineering in Gilgit-Baltistan to secure CPEC, violation of environmental norms in African countries, and supporting dictators, oppressors, and human rights violators in Central Asia strengthens its expansionist credentials. On the home front, extreme levels of information control, suppression of religious and cultural minorities, in particular, the treatment meted out to Uighurs in the reeducation camps of Xinjiang and the lunatic mission to homogenize China with Han Chinese population remind one of the fascist regimes of Hitler and Mussolini and the horrors of the holocaust. Perhaps a little digression, but the author believes that if the world powers do not unite against the racist and fascist regime of CCP led by Xi, humanity may witness another holocaust. &nbsp;

Reportedly, the recent Ladakh incursions were planned months ago after India abrogated article 370. Also, it is pertinent to mention that there is a strong likelihood of China-Pakistan working in tandem preceding the recent incursions. During his field visit to Kashmir for a research project on terror financing, the author’s interlocutors informed that PLA cadres and officers were moving with Pakistan’s patrol parties near the LoC. They were assisting the Pak army in installing advanced air defence systems and missiles near the LoC. Also, departing from the past, the PLA officers were meeting the militant commanders of Lashkar and Jaish in the training camps in PoK. China and Pakistan’s intelligence and security establishment has evolved into an intricate and robust network cooperating and collaborating at multiple levels and on multiple fronts. Further, India’s appeasement and meek response to its intrusions ended up whetting China’s voracious appetite for grabbing more territory, instead of placating it. Also, since it feels secure that India is unlikely to retaliate strongly, frequent incursions in India help in whipping up the nationalist sentiment on the home front where CCP faces increasing unpopularity and resentment.&nbsp;

The Road Ahead

As long as CCP continues to exist, China will be India’s adversary, and it would be irrational for India to trust China in the future. Under the Mao’s reincarnate Xi Jinping, CCP has long-term imperial ambitions of world domination, and hence China’s errant behaviour is likely to abate in the future unless India abandons Dalai Lama, accepts a completely subordinate status and act accordingly, willingly surrenders Arunachal and whatever new claims of sovereignty that will float from Beijing, as per their strategic interests. &nbsp;The policy of engagement or a long era of appeasement since 1988, in Brahma Chellaney’s words, has proved to be a Himalayan blunder and a monumental disaster. &nbsp;Now the question arises- what should be India’s future course of action? Certainly, no engagement &nbsp;!! Beyond that, Delhi needs a multi-pronged and a long-term strategy to contain China.&nbsp;

&nbsp;(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

China’s recent intrusions in Galwan Valley and Pangong Tso, once again prove that after years of bending over backwards to accommodate or somewhat appease China, India has not yet learned any meaningful lessons about the Chinese strategic mindset.

China’s recent intrusions in Galwan Valley and Pangong Tso, once again prove that after years of bending over backwards to accommodate or somewhat appease China, India has not yet learned any meaningful lessons about the Chinese strategic mindset. After annexing Tibet, Mao said, Tibet is the palm, and now they must get the five fingers- Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Arunachal Pradesh. However, India's early leadership was perceptive enough to visualize this and act accordingly by warming up to the five fingers and in Sikkim’s case by integrating it with India in 1975. Looking Back In 1954, India and China signed the Panchsheel agreement. With it, also began, India’s implied support to the doctrine of the “One-China” policy. However, CCP’s expansionist designs continued to simmer and manifested in Chinese inroads in Tibet and later in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh. The betrayal and debacle of 1962 shattered Nehru, ultimately leading to his demise and sending India into a phase of what this author would prefer to call “strategic depression.” India became inward-looking, insanely skeptical of foreign powers, and obsessed with putting its own house in order. After 1962, China and India went through a long phase of uneasy silence, apart from the clashes of 1967 when the Indian army routed the Chinese in Nathula, killing hundreds of PLA soldiers and the Chinese attack on the Assam Rifles patrol party in 1975 at Tulung La in Arunachal. The Long era of Appeasement In 1988, Rajiv Gandhi’s China visit after the Sumdorongchu standoff (1986) ‘broke the ice’ and resumed bilateral ties after three decades. In 1993, PM Narsimha Rao visited China and signed the Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement. In 1996, China agreed upon a range of CBMs with India in the military field along LAC. Following it was the border trade agreement of 2003 to promote border trade through Nathu La and develop friendly ties. In 2005, India-China signed the Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the Boundary Question, in 2012, the agreement on border tri-junction (India, China, and Bhutan), and in 2013, the agreement on border defence and cooperation. India continued with its policy of engaging China and accommodating Chinese concerns in the naïve hope of resolving border disputes, weakening China’s ties with Pakistan, and harness the strengths of civilizational-cultural ties. In 2015, India extended the privilege of electronic visas to Chinese citizens on arriving in India and removed China from the list of the “countries of concern” to attract more Chinese investment. It resulted in massive dumping by Chinese firms doubling the trade surplus to $60 billion per year. In 2018, Delhi refused an official contact with Dalai Lama and Tibet’s India-based government-in-exile. However, Chinese intrusions continued. In 2013, the Chinese made incursions in Depsang valley, indulging in provocative military action. In 2014, during Xi Jinping India-visit, PLA made incursions in Ladakh’s Chumar area and in 2017, in Doklam plateau, resulting in a 73-day long stand-off between the two armies. Lessons from the Past After 22 rounds of special-representative level meetings to settle the boundary dispute, the CCP shows no intent to resolve the border dispute. The flare-ups in Doklam, Depsang, Chumar, Ladakh, and intensifying pressure on Nepal and Arunachal Pradesh clearly suggest that CCP is still chasing Mao’s dream of occupying the five fingers. On the Indian side, it appears that there is a deep-rooted policy ambiguity about China. Whether China is an adversary or a friend continues to remain an unanswered question at the policy level? India’s powerful foreign ministry mandarins have advocated the policy of positive engagement with China, over the last 30 years. India’s dominant left-wing academic and journalistic community, many of whom are now baying for Chinese blood, have consistently held that India and China have an economic interdependence, and India cannot economically grow without China. The recent skirmishes have once again proved that both groups are living in a fool’s paradise. After decades of written agreements and CBMs, China still encroaches into Indian territory, making a complete mockery of goodwill and appeasement shown by India. In the economic realm also, Delhi’s foreign policy mandarins preferred engaging China either through BRICS or by joining the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank). However, it hardly brought any favorable change in China’s strategic behaviour. The trade, investment, and economic relationship have mostly hovered around India importing cheap consumer goods from China. China has not transferred any technology to India. It has had a detrimental effect on the local innovation and entrepreneurship and increased India’s dependence manifold. Even though India has a trade deficit of $60 billion, it has failed to leverage it on the strategic front. Over the Chinese side, the strategic thought has been consistent, i.e., to keep the borders vague and make continuous inroads laying sovereign claims to more and more territory. Chinese have deliberately continued with the policy of keeping LAC vague and widening the military and economic gap with India so that it can negotiate on its terms in the future. It is not hard to discern the pattern of “two-steps forward and one-step backward” in Chinese policy. Moreover, China agreed to a range of things in the bilateral agreements with India; however, they continued to misinterpret them and change the goalposts when it suits them. As recently as 2018, China agreed to Delhi’s offer of an annual informal bilateral summit. However, such goodwill gestures had no impact on China’s intrusions. After the Doklam standoff, China built permanent structures and enhanced its deployments gaining control of most of the barren plateau claimed by India’s ally, Bhutan. Interestingly, China agrees to the bilateral summits and diplomatic engagements because it aligns well with its “engagement with containment” strategy with India. India has to learn from Tibet’s and its own experience that deception, surprise, and concealment is a fundamental aspect of CCP’s strategic thought, diplomacy, and military policy. The reason lies in the devious expansionist intent, the essence of the CCP’s strategic thought process. It originates from the genesis of CCP, its inherent ideological totalitarianism, deterministic approach, and the revanchist attitude, rooted in historical grudges and frustrations. Also, China’s expansionist intent is not merely India-specific and confined to the political domain. China’s bullying and arm-twisting in the South China Sea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Eastern Turkestan also emanates from the same imperial DNA of CCP. In the economic sphere, China’s torturous loans sending nations into debt-trap, demographic engineering in Gilgit-Baltistan to secure CPEC, violation of environmental norms in African countries, and supporting dictators, oppressors, and human rights violators in Central Asia strengthens its expansionist credentials. On the home front, extreme levels of information control, suppression of religious and cultural minorities, in particular, the treatment meted out to Uighurs in the reeducation camps of Xinjiang and the lunatic mission to homogenize China with Han Chinese population remind one of the fascist regimes of Hitler and Mussolini and the horrors of the holocaust. Perhaps a little digression, but the author believes that if the world powers do not unite against the racist and fascist regime of CCP led by Xi, humanity may witness another holocaust. Reportedly, the recent Ladakh incursions were planned months ago after India abrogated article 370. Also, it is pertinent to mention that there is a strong likelihood of China-Pakistan working in tandem preceding the recent incursions. During his field visit to Kashmir for a research project on terror financing, the author’s interlocutors informed that PLA cadres and officers were moving with Pakistan’s patrol parties near the LoC. They were assisting the Pak army in installing advanced air defence systems and missiles near the LoC. Also, departing from the past, the PLA officers were meeting the militant commanders of Lashkar and Jaish in the training camps in PoK. China and Pakistan’s intelligence and security establishment has evolved into an intricate and robust network cooperating and collaborating at multiple levels and on multiple fronts. Further, India’s appeasement and meek response to its intrusions ended up whetting China’s voracious appetite for grabbing more territory, instead of placating it. Also, since it feels secure that India is unlikely to retaliate strongly, frequent incursions in India help in whipping up the nationalist sentiment on the home front where CCP faces increasing unpopularity and resentment. The Road Ahead As long as CCP continues to exist, China will be India’s adversary, and it would be irrational for India to trust China in the future. Under the Mao’s reincarnate Xi Jinping, CCP has long-term imperial ambitions of world domination, and hence China’s errant behaviour is likely to abate in the future unless India abandons Dalai Lama, accepts a completely subordinate status and act accordingly, willingly surrenders Arunachal and whatever new claims of sovereignty that will float from Beijing, as per their strategic interests. The policy of engagement or a long era of appeasement since 1988, in Brahma Chellaney’s words, has proved to be a Himalayan blunder and a monumental disaster. Now the question arises- what should be India’s future course of action? Certainly, no engagement !! Beyond that, Delhi needs a multi-pronged and a long-term strategy to contain China. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Time for an assertive force posture against China

The Indian Army has changed its rule of engagement on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on the border with China, thereby allowing its field commanders to order troops to use firearms under ‘extraordinary’ circumstances, ANI reported.

The Rules of Engagement have been changed and the field commanders have been empowered to order troops to use firearms under extraordinary circumstances, Army sources said.

This decision comes after the violent face-off on Monday night with China in the Galwan Valley of Eastern Ladakh in which 20 Indian soldiers, including officers, lost their lives.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi had earlier stated that the Army has been given full freedom to deal with the situation on the ground.

Post reviewing the prevalent situation on the India-China border after the Galwan clash, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had stated that the Indian Army has been given complete freedom to deal with the on-ground situation.

The report further added that the Indian side is expected to discuss the matter with the Chinese Army during the Corps Commander level talks that are proposed to be held soon to ease the tension that has risen post the clash between the two armies in Galwan.

(With inputs from agencies)

The Indian Army has changed its rule of engagement on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on the border with China, thereby allowing its field commanders to order troops to use firearms under ‘extraordinary’ circumstances, ANI reported.

The Indian Army has changed its rule of engagement on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on the border with China, thereby allowing its field commanders to order troops to use firearms under ‘extraordinary’ circumstances, ANI reported. The Rules of Engagement have been changed and the field commanders have been empowered to order troops to use firearms under extraordinary circumstances, Army sources said. This decision comes after the violent face-off on Monday night with China in the Galwan Valley of Eastern Ladakh in which 20 Indian soldiers, including officers, lost their lives. Prime Minister Narendra Modi had earlier stated that the Army has been given full freedom to deal with the situation on the ground. Post reviewing the prevalent situation on the India-China border after the Galwan clash, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had stated that the Indian Army has been given complete freedom to deal with the on-ground situation. The report further added that the Indian side is expected to discuss the matter with the Chinese Army during the Corps Commander level talks that are proposed to be held soon to ease the tension that has risen post the clash between the two armies in Galwan. (With inputs from agencies)

India-China border row: Government allows soldiers to use firearms across LAC in extraordinary situations

Since late May, China has positioned nearly 5,000 troops and occupied at least three areas along its disputed border with India, known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC). In some instances, armed forces on both sides have punched, kicked, and thrown stones. 20 Indian and reportedly 35 Chinese soldiers have been killed, many others have been injured, and both sides have prepared heavy weapons in the event of further escalation. Even if the tensions ease, they will not vanish completely, and important questions remain. Why is China provoking India? What should India (and others in the Indo-Pacific region) do? With regard to China’s motivation, the clash along the India-China border has three important similarities with the situations in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. Examining these similarities helps to contextualize China’s actions along the LAC and indicates how India, as well as neighbours like Vietnam and Japan, should respond to China’s provocations. &nbsp;&nbsp;

The first similarity of note is China’s repeated disregard for international law when laying claim to new territory. In the South China Sea, the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague rejected China’s claim to sovereignty over much of the South China Sea in 2016. Despite this, China continues to claim and occupy the area. In the East China Sea, China did not claim the Senkaku Islands before the 1970s. China’s attitude has since changed due to the potential existence of oil reserves in the East China Sea. Now, Chinese Coast Guard ships enter Japan’s territorial waters surrounding the Senkaku Islands and pursue Japanese fishing boats to claim sovereignty over this sea. The nonobservance of this international border further demonstrates China’s attitude of territorial entitlement and disrespect for international law. And China is expressing the same attitude at the India-China border. In this case, Dr Lobsang Sangay, the President of the Tibetan exile administration, expressed that the Dalai Lama considers the disputed territories of both Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh (along the LAC) to be a part of India. Thus, there is a high possibility that China’s claim to areas along the India-China border is legally baseless.&nbsp;

A second recurring facet of China’s behaviour is its exploitation of military power vacuums. For example, China occupied half of the Paracel Islands just after France withdrew from Indochina in the 1950s. In 1974, China expanded its presence to all of the Paracel Islands after the US withdrew from South Vietnam. Additionally, China occupied six features of the Spratly Islands after the Soviet Union decreased its military presence in Vietnam in 1988. Again in 1995, China laid claim to Mischief Reef after US troops withdrew from the Philippines.&nbsp;

In the India-China border area, the military balance has changed recently, causing China to mistakenly infer that there is a power vacuum. According to the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database published in April 2020, from 2010–2019, China increased its military expenditures 85 per cent. In comparison, India increased its expenditures by 37 per cent. Though India’s military defences along the Indo-China border are not weak, the gap between the two countries’ defence budgets has widened in the last decade. And along with the greater relative increase in military spending, China’s military activities have also increased. In 2011, China has made about 213 incursions into the LAC. But since 2011, the number of incursions have increased greatly: 426 (2012), 411 (2013), 460 (2014) , 428 (2015), 296 (2016), 473 (2017), 404 (2018). And last year, the number reached 663 incursions. This year, when India and the world are focusing on the COVID-19 crisis, China is trying to exploit the situation even more aggressively.&nbsp;

Finally, China’s arguably lawless expansionism is usually paired with an effort to exclude countries that are outside the region. In the South China Sea, China blames its assertive behaviour on the intervention of outsiders. Similarly, in the case of the India-China border, China is trying to halt Indian cooperation with the US, Japan, and Australia, which India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi has stepped up of late. This month, India just concluded a Logistical Support Agreement with Australia. If India and Japan conclude a similar pact, all four countries will have agreed to Logistical Support Agreements (Japan calls this agreement Acquisition and Cross Servicing Agreement, instead of LSA). China believes the agreements among these four countries are an effort at containment and therefore wants to stop them. To do so, which country would China choose to pressure? The most likely answer is India because China and India share a nearly 4,000 km land border (unlike the US, Japan, and Australia), allowing China to leverage its army. Moreover, China perceives that it can more easily persuade India to leave the US-led security framework because India and the US are not formal allies. Much like its behaviour in the South China Sea, China is using its military to pressure India to drop foreign partnerships that might inhibit China. &nbsp;

China’s lack of respect for international law, expansion of territorial claims where there are power vacuums, and efforts to exclude outside actors from the regional intervention are all common themes of China’s exploits in the South China Sea, East China Sea, and now the India-China border. Thus, the question remains—how do countries affected by China’s ambitions, like India, Vietnam, and Japan, respond? Knowing the pattern of China’s behaviour points toward the answer: they should do the opposite of what China wants. First, countries around China must continue to respect the rules-based order grounded in current international law. Second, China’s neighbours need to fill military power vacuums by increasing their defence budgets. And third, countries around China need to continue to enhance security cooperation with the US, Australia, and other like-minded countries. When India, Vietnam, Japan, etc., cooperate with the US, Australia, or other like-minded countries, the partnerships should promote not only regional security (helping to fill those power vacuums), but also economic cooperation. The strength of China’s army depends on an ample military budget. Thus, China’s neighbours should avoid supporting China’s economy (and hence funding its military) by strengthening relations with the US, Australia, and other like-minded countries. If those in the Indo-Pacific region care to limit China’s territorial encroachments, they must directly counter China’s behaviours and intentions. &nbsp;

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Since late May, China has positioned nearly 5,000 troops and occupied at least three areas along its disputed border with India, known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC).

Since late May, China has positioned nearly 5,000 troops and occupied at least three areas along its disputed border with India, known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC). In some instances, armed forces on both sides have punched, kicked, and thrown stones. 20 Indian and reportedly 35 Chinese soldiers have been killed, many others have been injured, and both sides have prepared heavy weapons in the event of further escalation. Even if the tensions ease, they will not vanish completely, and important questions remain. Why is China provoking India? What should India (and others in the Indo-Pacific region) do? With regard to China’s motivation, the clash along the India-China border has three important similarities with the situations in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. Examining these similarities helps to contextualize China’s actions along the LAC and indicates how India, as well as neighbours like Vietnam and Japan, should respond to China’s provocations. The first similarity of note is China’s repeated disregard for international law when laying claim to new territory. In the South China Sea, the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague rejected China’s claim to sovereignty over much of the South China Sea in 2016. Despite this, China continues to claim and occupy the area. In the East China Sea, China did not claim the Senkaku Islands before the 1970s. China’s attitude has since changed due to the potential existence of oil reserves in the East China Sea. Now, Chinese Coast Guard ships enter Japan’s territorial waters surrounding the Senkaku Islands and pursue Japanese fishing boats to claim sovereignty over this sea. The nonobservance of this international border further demonstrates China’s attitude of territorial entitlement and disrespect for international law. And China is expressing the same attitude at the India-China border. In this case, Dr Lobsang Sangay, the President of the Tibetan exile administration, expressed that the Dalai Lama considers the disputed territories of both Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh (along the LAC) to be a part of India. Thus, there is a high possibility that China’s claim to areas along the India-China border is legally baseless. A second recurring facet of China’s behaviour is its exploitation of military power vacuums. For example, China occupied half of the Paracel Islands just after France withdrew from Indochina in the 1950s. In 1974, China expanded its presence to all of the Paracel Islands after the US withdrew from South Vietnam. Additionally, China occupied six features of the Spratly Islands after the Soviet Union decreased its military presence in Vietnam in 1988. Again in 1995, China laid claim to Mischief Reef after US troops withdrew from the Philippines. In the India-China border area, the military balance has changed recently, causing China to mistakenly infer that there is a power vacuum. According to the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database published in April 2020, from 2010–2019, China increased its military expenditures 85 per cent. In comparison, India increased its expenditures by 37 per cent. Though India’s military defences along the Indo-China border are not weak, the gap between the two countries’ defence budgets has widened in the last decade. And along with the greater relative increase in military spending, China’s military activities have also increased. In 2011, China has made about 213 incursions into the LAC. But since 2011, the number of incursions have increased greatly: 426 (2012), 411 (2013), 460 (2014) , 428 (2015), 296 (2016), 473 (2017), 404 (2018). And last year, the number reached 663 incursions. This year, when India and the world are focusing on the COVID-19 crisis, China is trying to exploit the situation even more aggressively. Finally, China’s arguably lawless expansionism is usually paired with an effort to exclude countries that are outside the region. In the South China Sea, China blames its assertive behaviour on the intervention of outsiders. Similarly, in the case of the India-China border, China is trying to halt Indian cooperation with the US, Japan, and Australia, which India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi has stepped up of late. This month, India just concluded a Logistical Support Agreement with Australia. If India and Japan conclude a similar pact, all four countries will have agreed to Logistical Support Agreements (Japan calls this agreement Acquisition and Cross Servicing Agreement, instead of LSA). China believes the agreements among these four countries are an effort at containment and therefore wants to stop them. To do so, which country would China choose to pressure? The most likely answer is India because China and India share a nearly 4,000 km land border (unlike the US, Japan, and Australia), allowing China to leverage its army. Moreover, China perceives that it can more easily persuade India to leave the US-led security framework because India and the US are not formal allies. Much like its behaviour in the South China Sea, China is using its military to pressure India to drop foreign partnerships that might inhibit China. China’s lack of respect for international law, expansion of territorial claims where there are power vacuums, and efforts to exclude outside actors from the regional intervention are all common themes of China’s exploits in the South China Sea, East China Sea, and now the India-China border. Thus, the question remains—how do countries affected by China’s ambitions, like India, Vietnam, and Japan, respond? Knowing the pattern of China’s behaviour points toward the answer: they should do the opposite of what China wants. First, countries around China must continue to respect the rules-based order grounded in current international law. Second, China’s neighbours need to fill military power vacuums by increasing their defence budgets. And third, countries around China need to continue to enhance security cooperation with the US, Australia, and other like-minded countries. When India, Vietnam, Japan, etc., cooperate with the US, Australia, or other like-minded countries, the partnerships should promote not only regional security (helping to fill those power vacuums), but also economic cooperation. The strength of China’s army depends on an ample military budget. Thus, China’s neighbours should avoid supporting China’s economy (and hence funding its military) by strengthening relations with the US, Australia, and other like-minded countries. If those in the Indo-Pacific region care to limit China’s territorial encroachments, they must directly counter China’s behaviours and intentions. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

What should India do now to fight China's provocations?

The morale of the world community is now at a very low level due to the COVID-19 crisis, with no one knowing when it would end, and the consequent shattered economy of most countries in the world. The Chinese government under the dictatorship of Xi Jinping appears to have decided that present is the best time for the Chinese government to achieve its long-cherished ambition of dominating the world in all respects and emerging as the undisputed superpower of the world.

It is very obvious that the Chinese government has concluded, after all, its calculation or miscalculation, that its strategies towards total domination of the world should start now by confronting and weakening India and even humiliating it, if possible. A large populated country like India, if it were to decisively weaken under the pressure of China, then probably the Chinese government thinks that there would not be many insurmountable hurdles to “conquer the world”.

While the 1962 war with China left India humiliated and it is yet to recover from the shock of Chinese deceit, the Chinese government has consistently applied pressure on India in various ways in multiple forums.&nbsp;

With this game plan of weakening India, the Chinese government has directly and indirectly encouraged Pakistan to maintain hate relationship with India and prejudiced leadership of Pakistan has just considered China not wisely as 'all-weather friend'. In this process, today Pakistan has virtually become an extended territory of China and Pakistan government is in no position to refuse any dictates from China. With huge debts and several infrastructure projects under the Chinese companies, China can any time make Pakistan open a bigger military front against India than what it has been doing so far.&nbsp;

The appeasement of China by India started when Jawaharlal Nehru misread the motives and game plan of the then Chinese government. The recent visit of Xi Jinping to India when Prime Minister Modi went out of the way to extend a glamorous welcome to the Chinese President, made many think whether Modi also has misread the game plan of the Chinese government, just as Jawaharlal Nehru did several decades back.

When China occupied Tibet after the massacre of thousands of Tibetan protestors and India simply recognised the Chinese occupation of Tibet, in spite of the fact that Tibet under Chinese control could be a threat for India’s security interests, the world virtually lost faith that India has the will power to confront Chinese government.

Now, the tragic news that at least 20 Indian army men lost their lives in the border clash with the Chinese military, has shocked entire India, with people wondering how Modi would handle the situation. Will he try to buy peace with China in spite of the provocation or gather courage and work out plans to resist the Chinese government.

In any case, it is obvious now that India has no option other than resisting China in every possible way and make it realise that India is not a country that China can take for granted.

The terrorist attacks by militants from Pakistan in Kashmir which has been steadily increasing in recent times, the government of Nepal creating border dispute with India and Chinese military creating border tension, clearly indicate that China has worked out its strategic game plan to encircle India.

In all probability, it is likely that Pakistan will intensify its conflict with India in Kashmir and Nepal government would become more belligerent against India and &nbsp;Chinese military provocation in the border will intensify. Just as China killed Indian military personnel on June 15, the Nepal government too shot down an Indian a few days back at its border with India.

The scheme behind the well-coordinated plan of the Chinese government with support from governments of Pakistan and Nepal is to force India to resist the incursions on the border with China, Nepal and Pakistan using its military force. This will give an opportunity for the Chinese government to send its force to Pakistan and Nepal to “defend their border”. Then, the Chinese military will not go back at all from these territories of Pakistan and Nepal.

The news that China has asked Nepalese government to teach its students Chinese language Mandarin and has promised to meet the expenses for teaching the Mandarin language clearly indicates that China has a deep interest in controlling Nepal and possibly even occupying Nepal in one form or the other. It is disturbing to think whether Nepal too would go the Tibet way.

What options for Indian government now?

India has to stop import from China. This will be a matter of concern to China and effectively reveal the present Indian government’s mindset to the Chinese government. Certainly, India would suffer a little by suddenly curbing imports from China but this will be a very small price that India can afford.

India has to develop a relationship with Taiwan in a more open way and strengthen trade relations with Taiwan. China should be given the impression that India would not hesitate to give recognition to Taiwan, if necessary.

India must&nbsp;seek cooperation from countries like the US, Japan, Australia, Vietnam, Israel and others, which&nbsp;are equally concerned about Chinese greed and territorial ambitions.

It appears that military confrontation with China and its allies Pakistan and Nepal is possible in the coming days, in a small or big way. Possibly, India needs to have an understanding with the US to face the situation, in the event of attacks from these three neighbouring countries.

Above all, Prime Minister Modi has to clearly realise that China has to be paid in the same coin and the appeasement policy has lost its value once for all. 
 
(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

The morale of the world community is now at a very low level due to the COVID-19 crisis, with no one knowing when it would end, and the consequent shattered economy of most countries in the world.

The morale of the world community is now at a very low level due to the COVID-19 crisis, with no one knowing when it would end, and the consequent shattered economy of most countries in the world. The Chinese government under the dictatorship of Xi Jinping appears to have decided that present is the best time for the Chinese government to achieve its long-cherished ambition of dominating the world in all respects and emerging as the undisputed superpower of the world. It is very obvious that the Chinese government has concluded, after all, its calculation or miscalculation, that its strategies towards total domination of the world should start now by confronting and weakening India and even humiliating it, if possible. A large populated country like India, if it were to decisively weaken under the pressure of China, then probably the Chinese government thinks that there would not be many insurmountable hurdles to “conquer the world”. While the 1962 war with China left India humiliated and it is yet to recover from the shock of Chinese deceit, the Chinese government has consistently applied pressure on India in various ways in multiple forums. With this game plan of weakening India, the Chinese government has directly and indirectly encouraged Pakistan to maintain hate relationship with India and prejudiced leadership of Pakistan has just considered China not wisely as 'all-weather friend'. In this process, today Pakistan has virtually become an extended territory of China and Pakistan government is in no position to refuse any dictates from China. With huge debts and several infrastructure projects under the Chinese companies, China can any time make Pakistan open a bigger military front against India than what it has been doing so far. The appeasement of China by India started when Jawaharlal Nehru misread the motives and game plan of the then Chinese government. The recent visit of Xi Jinping to India when Prime Minister Modi went out of the way to extend a glamorous welcome to the Chinese President, made many think whether Modi also has misread the game plan of the Chinese government, just as Jawaharlal Nehru did several decades back. When China occupied Tibet after the massacre of thousands of Tibetan protestors and India simply recognised the Chinese occupation of Tibet, in spite of the fact that Tibet under Chinese control could be a threat for India’s security interests, the world virtually lost faith that India has the will power to confront Chinese government. Now, the tragic news that at least 20 Indian army men lost their lives in the border clash with the Chinese military, has shocked entire India, with people wondering how Modi would handle the situation. Will he try to buy peace with China in spite of the provocation or gather courage and work out plans to resist the Chinese government. In any case, it is obvious now that India has no option other than resisting China in every possible way and make it realise that India is not a country that China can take for granted. The terrorist attacks by militants from Pakistan in Kashmir which has been steadily increasing in recent times, the government of Nepal creating border dispute with India and Chinese military creating border tension, clearly indicate that China has worked out its strategic game plan to encircle India. In all probability, it is likely that Pakistan will intensify its conflict with India in Kashmir and Nepal government would become more belligerent against India and Chinese military provocation in the border will intensify. Just as China killed Indian military personnel on June 15, the Nepal government too shot down an Indian a few days back at its border with India. The scheme behind the well-coordinated plan of the Chinese government with support from governments of Pakistan and Nepal is to force India to resist the incursions on the border with China, Nepal and Pakistan using its military force. This will give an opportunity for the Chinese government to send its force to Pakistan and Nepal to “defend their border”. Then, the Chinese military will not go back at all from these territories of Pakistan and Nepal. The news that China has asked Nepalese government to teach its students Chinese language Mandarin and has promised to meet the expenses for teaching the Mandarin language clearly indicates that China has a deep interest in controlling Nepal and possibly even occupying Nepal in one form or the other. It is disturbing to think whether Nepal too would go the Tibet way. What options for Indian government now? India has to stop import from China. This will be a matter of concern to China and effectively reveal the present Indian government’s mindset to the Chinese government. Certainly, India would suffer a little by suddenly curbing imports from China but this will be a very small price that India can afford. India has to develop a relationship with Taiwan in a more open way and strengthen trade relations with Taiwan. China should be given the impression that India would not hesitate to give recognition to Taiwan, if necessary. India must seek cooperation from countries like the US, Japan, Australia, Vietnam, Israel and others, which are equally concerned about Chinese greed and territorial ambitions. It appears that military confrontation with China and its allies Pakistan and Nepal is possible in the coming days, in a small or big way. Possibly, India needs to have an understanding with the US to face the situation, in the event of attacks from these three neighbouring countries. Above all, Prime Minister Modi has to clearly realise that China has to be paid in the same coin and the appeasement policy has lost its value once for all. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

India must stand-up to China

India and China had a 'violent face-off' in which 20 Indian Army personnel died in action and 35 Chinese soldiers were killed. Soon calls for boycotting Chinese products grew louder.

Prasar Bharati, India’s public broadcasting agency, posted on Twitter about All India Radio’s Tibetan world service on June 17, 2020. It also mentioned short wave frequency of 9450 kHz, AIR application, and YouTube services for it. “Listen to All India Radio’s Tibetan World Service for authentic news and programs for and from Tibet,” reads the Tweet. &nbsp;

On the following day, Prasar Bharati tweeted the YouTube link of 10-part series on the "story of River Indus from Tibet to Sea flowing through Ladakh as chronicled in ancient Indian texts.” YouTube channel linked was the official channel of Prasar Bharati Archives.&nbsp;

This was, perhaps, the nudge from New Delhi to Beijing that it can vociferously raise the issue of Tibet from now onwards. &nbsp;

BJP MPs, Meenakshi Lekhi and Rahul Kaswan, virtually attended the swearing-in ceremony of Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen on May 20. &nbsp;They were among the 92 dignitaries from 41 countries. Taiwan, Tibet, Macau, and Hong Kong are the weak-points for China.

Along with increasing proximity with Taiwan and Tibet, India gave a strong message to Chinese companies too. In a couple of days, India reportedly cancelled a series of contracts signed with Chinese companies.&nbsp;

There were reports that the government has given the contract of building a 5.6 kilometres long tunnel on the Delhi-Meerut RRTS project to China. But on June 18, authorities have clarified that it was “under process” and “yet to be finalised”. On the same day, Indian Railway terminated contract worth Rs 471 crore by citing “poor performance”.&nbsp;

Indian intelligence agencies have also reportedly asked the government to red-flag the use of 52 mobile applications including TikTok, UC browser, Zoom, SHAREit, and clean master. The Indian government, according to reports, has also prohibited the use of gears manufactured by Chinese companies in BSNL and MTNL.&nbsp;

It is uncertain what will happen to Indo-China relations after this point. PM Narendra Modi is going to address the nation in the upcoming days. There are speculations that India may increase the excise duties on the Chinese imports or&nbsp;it may cancel existing contracts. India may also give further relief to manufacturing companies to shift their operations from China to India. &nbsp;

But the intentions of these messages are clear: One, India may raise the issue of Tibet and Taiwan. Two, Chinese companies will lose the market in India. &nbsp;

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

India and China had a 'violent face-off' in which 20 Indian Army personnel died in action and 35 Chinese soldiers were killed. Soon calls for boycotting Chinese products grew louder.

India and China had a 'violent face-off' in which 20 Indian Army personnel died in action and 35 Chinese soldiers were killed. Soon calls for boycotting Chinese products grew louder. Prasar Bharati, India’s public broadcasting agency, posted on Twitter about All India Radio’s Tibetan world service on June 17, 2020. It also mentioned short wave frequency of 9450 kHz, AIR application, and YouTube services for it. “Listen to All India Radio’s Tibetan World Service for authentic news and programs for and from Tibet,” reads the Tweet. On the following day, Prasar Bharati tweeted the YouTube link of 10-part series on the "story of River Indus from Tibet to Sea flowing through Ladakh as chronicled in ancient Indian texts.” YouTube channel linked was the official channel of Prasar Bharati Archives. This was, perhaps, the nudge from New Delhi to Beijing that it can vociferously raise the issue of Tibet from now onwards. BJP MPs, Meenakshi Lekhi and Rahul Kaswan, virtually attended the swearing-in ceremony of Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen on May 20. They were among the 92 dignitaries from 41 countries. Taiwan, Tibet, Macau, and Hong Kong are the weak-points for China. Along with increasing proximity with Taiwan and Tibet, India gave a strong message to Chinese companies too. In a couple of days, India reportedly cancelled a series of contracts signed with Chinese companies. There were reports that the government has given the contract of building a 5.6 kilometres long tunnel on the Delhi-Meerut RRTS project to China. But on June 18, authorities have clarified that it was “under process” and “yet to be finalised”. On the same day, Indian Railway terminated contract worth Rs 471 crore by citing “poor performance”. Indian intelligence agencies have also reportedly asked the government to red-flag the use of 52 mobile applications including TikTok, UC browser, Zoom, SHAREit, and clean master. The Indian government, according to reports, has also prohibited the use of gears manufactured by Chinese companies in BSNL and MTNL. It is uncertain what will happen to Indo-China relations after this point. PM Narendra Modi is going to address the nation in the upcoming days. There are speculations that India may increase the excise duties on the Chinese imports or it may cancel existing contracts. India may also give further relief to manufacturing companies to shift their operations from China to India. But the intentions of these messages are clear: One, India may raise the issue of Tibet and Taiwan. Two, Chinese companies will lose the market in India. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

New Delhi's message to China indicates a change in the strategy

After widespread speculation that several Indian soldiers are in Chinese custody. The Indian Army has set the record straight confirming that all soldiers involved in the Galwan valley skirmish are accounted for.

India-China standoff | No Indian soldiers missing: All injured personnel stable

As India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi gets set to chair the all-party meeting on the situation at the Ladakh border amid clashes with Chinese troops, RJD leader Tejashwi Yadav asked India's defence minister Rajnath Singh&nbsp;and the Indian prime minister on&nbsp;why his party wasn't invited for the meeting.

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
Dear <a href="https://twitter.com/DefenceMinIndia?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@DefenceMinIndia</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/PMOIndia?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@PMOIndia</a>, Just wish to know the criteria for inviting political parties for tomorrow's <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AllPartyMeet?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AllPartyMeet</a> on <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/GalwanValley?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#GalwanValley</a>. I mean the grounds of inclusion/exclusion. Because our party <a href="https://twitter.com/RJDforIndia?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@RJDforIndia</a> hasn't received any message so far.
— Tejashwi Yadav (@yadavtejashwi) <a href="https://twitter.com/yadavtejashwi/status/1273674561783910403?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 18, 2020</a></blockquote>
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"Just wish to know the criteria for inviting political parties for the all-party meet on Galwan Valley. I mean the grounds of inclusion/exclusion because our party&nbsp;hasn't received any message so far," Tejashwi Yadav said in a tweet.

In a tweet, Sanjay Singh, AAP leader, also questioned the government saying that AAP has a government in Delhi and is the main opposition in Punjab. But on a vital subject, AAP's views are not needed.

Leaders from more than 15 political parties will be joining the Indian prime minister via video conference at around 5pm later today.

Ahead of the all-party meet, defence minister Rajnath Singh spoke to major party leaders and briefed them on the situation at the border and the standoff with China.

The largest Opposition party, Congress has already offered to stand with the army and the Union government during the&nbsp;crisis.

Other party leaders are also expected to offer support to the prime minister over the issue. It is the first all-party meet called by PM Modi since tensions erupted at the border with China along the LAC&nbsp;in April.

Congress, Shiv Sena, Akali Dal, Trinamool Congress, JDU, DMK, BSP and CPM are among those who have been invited to the meeting.

As India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi gets set to chair the all-party meeting on the situation at the Ladakh border amid clashes with Chinese troops, RJD leader Tejashwi Yadav asked India's defence minister Rajnath Singh and the Indian prime minister on why his party wasn't invited for the meeting.

As India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi gets set to chair the all-party meeting on the situation at the Ladakh border amid clashes with Chinese troops, RJD leader Tejashwi Yadav asked India's defence minister Rajnath Singh and the Indian prime minister on why his party wasn't invited for the meeting. Dear @DefenceMinIndia @PMOIndia, Just wish to know the criteria for inviting political parties for tomorrow's #AllPartyMeet on #GalwanValley. I mean the grounds of inclusion/exclusion. Because our party @RJDforIndia hasn't received any message so far. — Tejashwi Yadav (@yadavtejashwi) June 18, 2020 × "Just wish to know the criteria for inviting political parties for the all-party meet on Galwan Valley. I mean the grounds of inclusion/exclusion because our party hasn't received any message so far," Tejashwi Yadav said in a tweet. In a tweet, Sanjay Singh, AAP leader, also questioned the government saying that AAP has a government in Delhi and is the main opposition in Punjab. But on a vital subject, AAP's views are not needed. Leaders from more than 15 political parties will be joining the Indian prime minister via video conference at around 5pm later today. Ahead of the all-party meet, defence minister Rajnath Singh spoke to major party leaders and briefed them on the situation at the border and the standoff with China. The largest Opposition party, Congress has already offered to stand with the army and the Union government during the crisis. Other party leaders are also expected to offer support to the prime minister over the issue. It is the first all-party meet called by PM Modi since tensions erupted at the border with China along the LAC in April. Congress, Shiv Sena, Akali Dal, Trinamool Congress, JDU, DMK, BSP and CPM are among those who have been invited to the meeting.

RJD leader Tejashwi Yadav, AAP express displeasure over not being invited for PM Modi's all-party meet on China

Monday's scuffle, the biggest confrontation between India and China since the 1967 clashes in Nathu La, has significantly escalated the already-volatile border standoff in the Ladakh region.

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-the-inside-story-of-1967-nathu-la-conflict-306639/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

The last military conflict between India and China took place at Nathu La in the Indian state of Sikkim in September 1967 when&nbsp;88 Indian soldiers died in action while Beijing lost over 300 men.

In 1967, India decided to fence its border with China and the plan was to put three&nbsp;layers of barbed wire, the work for which began on August 20, 1967.

Three days later, about 75 Chinese troops marched towards Nathu La in battle uniform and stopped at the border, shouting slogans for about an hour. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/china-took-pre-meditated-action-in-galwan-valley-that-led-to-violence-indian-foreign-minister-tells-beijing-306542">Also Read: China took pre-meditated action in Galwan valley that led to violence</a>

There was an uneasy calm over the next week and a half.

On September 5, China objected to concertina coils on the Indian fence. A supervising officer of the PLA picked up an argument with an Indian commanding officer and the work on the fence stopped for two days.

On September 7, 100 Chinese troops rushed to the border and engaged the Indian soldiers in a scuffle. They resorted to stone-pelting.

When the protesting Chinese army came back to the border on September 11, Lt. Colonel Rai Singh, the commanding officer of the local infantry battalion, went to talk to the Chinese troops.

Chinese soldiers opened fire, injuring Lt Colonel Rai Singh. Indian soldiers retaliated by attacking the Chinese post, but they suffered a heavy casualty.

Soon, Indian artillery fire turned the tide and over 300 PLA soldiers were killed. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-border-dispute-20-indian-soldiers-martyred-in-a-violent-face-off-with-chinese-troops-306357">Also Read: 20 Indian soldiers martyred in a violent face-off with Chinese troops</a>

On September 12, New Delhi extended a note of unconditional ceasefire across the Sikkim-Tibet border which was rejected by China.

However, China had learnt a lesson in exchange of heavy casualty. &nbsp;On September 15, it handed over bodies of Indian soldiers, along with their arms and ammunition.

The bloodshed at Nathu La too was a result of Chinese insecurity. 53 years later, one question remains unanswered - why does construction on Indian land infuriate china?&nbsp;

China must accept that India has the sovereign right to protect its territory 
&nbsp;

Monday's scuffle, the biggest confrontation between India and China since the 1967 clashes in Nathu La, has significantly escalated the already-volatile border standoff in the Ladakh region.

Monday's scuffle, the biggest confrontation between India and China since the 1967 clashes in Nathu La, has significantly escalated the already-volatile border standoff in the Ladakh region. The last military conflict between India and China took place at Nathu La in the Indian state of Sikkim in September 1967 when 88 Indian soldiers died in action while Beijing lost over 300 men. In 1967, India decided to fence its border with China and the plan was to put three layers of barbed wire, the work for which began on August 20, 1967. Three days later, about 75 Chinese troops marched towards Nathu La in battle uniform and stopped at the border, shouting slogans for about an hour. Also Read: China took pre-meditated action in Galwan valley that led to violence There was an uneasy calm over the next week and a half. On September 5, China objected to concertina coils on the Indian fence. A supervising officer of the PLA picked up an argument with an Indian commanding officer and the work on the fence stopped for two days. On September 7, 100 Chinese troops rushed to the border and engaged the Indian soldiers in a scuffle. They resorted to stone-pelting. When the protesting Chinese army came back to the border on September 11, Lt. Colonel Rai Singh, the commanding officer of the local infantry battalion, went to talk to the Chinese troops. Chinese soldiers opened fire, injuring Lt Colonel Rai Singh. Indian soldiers retaliated by attacking the Chinese post, but they suffered a heavy casualty. Soon, Indian artillery fire turned the tide and over 300 PLA soldiers were killed. Also Read: 20 Indian soldiers martyred in a violent face-off with Chinese troops On September 12, New Delhi extended a note of unconditional ceasefire across the Sikkim-Tibet border which was rejected by China. However, China had learnt a lesson in exchange of heavy casualty. On September 15, it handed over bodies of Indian soldiers, along with their arms and ammunition. The bloodshed at Nathu La too was a result of Chinese insecurity. 53 years later, one question remains unanswered - why does construction on Indian land infuriate china? China must accept that India has the sovereign right to protect its territory

India-China border dispute: What happened in Nathu La in 1967

After the border clash between India and China, the US State Department said that both sides have "expressed desire to de-escalate and we support a peaceful resolution of the current situation."

Watch:

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"We are closely monitoring the situation between Indian and Chinese forces along the Line of Actual Control(LAC)," the State Department said in a statement. "We note the Indian Army has announced that 20 soldiers lost their lives, we offer our condolences to their families," it added.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-border-dispute-violent-face-off-a-result-of-attempt-by-china-to-unilaterally-change-status-quo-says-mea-306334">Also Read:&nbsp;India-China border dispute: ‘Violent face-off a result of attempt by China to unilaterally change status quo,’ says MEA</a>

Indian and Chinese troops had clashed in the Galwan Valley on June 15/16 in which 20 Indian soldiers were martyred. The clash occurred after weeks of stand-off between the two armies in the upper Himalayas.

India's Ministry of External Affairs(MEA) said China tried to "unilaterally change the status quo and departed from the consensus to respect the Line of Actual Control in the Galwan Valley".

"Both sides suffered casualties that could have been avoided had an agreement at higher level been scrupulously followed by the Chinese side,” the Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement.

“Given its responsible approach to border management, India is very clear that all its activities are always within the Indian side of the LAC. We expect the same of the Chinese side,” it added.

After the border clash between India and China, the US State Department said that both sides have "expressed desire to de-escalate and we support a peaceful resolution of the current situation.

After the border clash between India and China, the US State Department said that both sides have "expressed desire to de-escalate and we support a peaceful resolution of the current situation." Watch: "We are closely monitoring the situation between Indian and Chinese forces along the Line of Actual Control(LAC)," the State Department said in a statement. "We note the Indian Army has announced that 20 soldiers lost their lives, we offer our condolences to their families," it added. Also Read: India-China border dispute: ‘Violent face-off a result of attempt by China to unilaterally change status quo,’ says MEA Indian and Chinese troops had clashed in the Galwan Valley on June 15/16 in which 20 Indian soldiers were martyred. The clash occurred after weeks of stand-off between the two armies in the upper Himalayas. India's Ministry of External Affairs(MEA) said China tried to "unilaterally change the status quo and departed from the consensus to respect the Line of Actual Control in the Galwan Valley". "Both sides suffered casualties that could have been avoided had an agreement at higher level been scrupulously followed by the Chinese side,” the Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement. “Given its responsible approach to border management, India is very clear that all its activities are always within the Indian side of the LAC. We expect the same of the Chinese side,” it added.

Both sides have expressed desire to de-escalate, we support a peaceful resolution: US on India-China clash along LAC

What we know about India-China clash along LAC

Amid border clash with Indian soldiers along the Line of Actual Control(LAC), China foreign ministry on Tuesday said that "Indian troops crossed the border twice on Monday provoking and attacking Chinese personnel, resulting in serious physical confrontation between border forces on the two sides."

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/3-indian-soldiers-martyred-in-clash-with-chinese-troops-along-lac-306224">Also Read: 3 Indian soldiers martyred in clash with Chinese troops along LAC</a>

Foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said that Beijing has lodged "strong protests and solemn representations to Delhi."

"We again solemnly request that India follows the relevant attitude and restrains its frontline troops," Lijian said, adding,"Do not cross the border, do not provoke trouble, do not take any unilateral action that would complicate the border situation."

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/when-chinas-pla-troops-clashed-with-india-in-1962-war-over-galwan-valley-301377">In Pics:&nbsp;When China's PLA troops clashed with India in 1962 war over Galwan valley</a>

Meanwhile, China's state-run Global Times said that "Chinese side also suffered casualties in the Galwan Valley physical clash".

The Indian army &nbsp;had earlier informed&nbsp;that one of its officers and two soldiers were martyred during a "violent faceoff" on the border with China on Monday. &nbsp;

"During the de-escalation process underway in the Galwan Valley, a violent face-off took place on Monday night with casualties. The loss of lives on the Indian side includes an officer and two soldiers," the Army said in a statement while adding that "casualties suffered on both sides".

The Indian Army informed that senior military officials from both sides were currently meeting to defuse the situation.

The two sides have been locked in a standoff in the western Himalayas for several weeks

Amid border clash with Indian soldiers along the Line of Actual Control(LAC), China foreign ministry on Tuesday said that "Indian troops crossed the border twice on Monday provoking and attacking Chinese personnel, resulting in serious physical confrontation between border forces on the two sides.

Amid border clash with Indian soldiers along the Line of Actual Control(LAC), China foreign ministry on Tuesday said that "Indian troops crossed the border twice on Monday provoking and attacking Chinese personnel, resulting in serious physical confrontation between border forces on the two sides." Also Read: 3 Indian soldiers martyred in clash with Chinese troops along LAC Foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said that Beijing has lodged "strong protests and solemn representations to Delhi." "We again solemnly request that India follows the relevant attitude and restrains its frontline troops," Lijian said, adding,"Do not cross the border, do not provoke trouble, do not take any unilateral action that would complicate the border situation." In Pics: When China's PLA troops clashed with India in 1962 war over Galwan valley Meanwhile, China's state-run Global Times said that "Chinese side also suffered casualties in the Galwan Valley physical clash". The Indian army had earlier informed that one of its officers and two soldiers were martyred during a "violent faceoff" on the border with China on Monday. "During the de-escalation process underway in the Galwan Valley, a violent face-off took place on Monday night with casualties. The loss of lives on the Indian side includes an officer and two soldiers," the Army said in a statement while adding that "casualties suffered on both sides". The Indian Army informed that senior military officials from both sides were currently meeting to defuse the situation. The two sides have been locked in a standoff in the western Himalayas for several weeks

'Chinese side also suffered casualties': Do not cross the border, says China to India

India is going through it's worst health crisis - coronavirus. The country is putting a lot of efforts to revive the economy stalled by the pandemic. Furthermore, surrounded by difficult neighbours on all sides, India is also facing strategic hurdles.&nbsp;

Diplomatic ties with Pakistan have hit rock bottom. India has lodged a strong protest over the "abduction and torture" of two officials of the Indian mission in Islamabad by Pakistani agencies.

The External Affairs Ministry said these two officials of the Indian high commission were "forcibly abducted" by Pakistani agencies on Monday and kept in "illegal custody" for more than 10 hours. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/pakistan/pak-rejects-rajnath-singhs-remarks-about-situation-in-pok-305874">Also Read: Pakistan rejects Rajnath Singh's remarks about situation in PoK</a>

Afghanistan may not share a border with India, but is very much part of the South Asian sphere. After all of India's investments, diplomatic and monetary in Afghanistan, India virtually has no say in the Afghan peace process.

With the border on the boil, at least 20&nbsp;Indian Army personnel were martyred during a 'violent face-off' with China on Monday night in the Galwan Valley in Ladakh.

"Indian &amp; Chinese troops have disengaged at Galwan area where they had earlier clashed on the night of 15/16 June 2020. 17 Indian troops who were critically injured in the line of duty have succumbed to their injuries, taking total that were killed in action to 20," Indian Army said in a statement. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-china-border-dispute-violent-face-off-a-result-of-attempt-by-china-to-unilaterally-change-status-quo-says-mea-306334">Also Read:&nbsp;‘Violent face-off a result of attempt by China to unilaterally change status quo,’ says MEA</a>

Moreover, bilateral ties with Nepal are at their worst and there appears to be little room for diplomacy. Recently, Nepal'slower house passed a map showing Indian territories of Lipulekh, Kalapani, Limpiyadhura as its own.

In response, India’s Ministry of External Affairs said Nepal’s artificial enlargement of claims is “not based on historical fact or evidence and is not tenable”.

Bangladesh and Sri Lanka remain India's friends, but these countries are trapped in China's “debt-trap diplomacy”. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indo-nepal-ties-not-ordinary-no-power-in-the-world-can-break-it-rajnath-singh-305948">Also Read: Indo-Nepal ties not ordinary, no power in the world can break it: Rajnath Singh</a> 
 
Beijing&nbsp;has been trying strengthen its position in the Indian Ocean by deepening ties with Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka by taking advantage of their economic woes. 
 
And, countries flushed with Chinese investments will find it hard to keep their foreign policy untouched.

(With inputs from PTI) 
&nbsp;

India is going through it's worst health crisis - coronavirus. The country is putting a lot of efforts to revive the economy stalled by the pandemic. Furthermore, surrounded by difficult neighbours on all sides, India is also facing strategic hurdles.

India is going through it's worst health crisis - coronavirus. The country is putting a lot of efforts to revive the economy stalled by the pandemic. Furthermore, surrounded by difficult neighbours on all sides, India is also facing strategic hurdles. Diplomatic ties with Pakistan have hit rock bottom. India has lodged a strong protest over the "abduction and torture" of two officials of the Indian mission in Islamabad by Pakistani agencies. The External Affairs Ministry said these two officials of the Indian high commission were "forcibly abducted" by Pakistani agencies on Monday and kept in "illegal custody" for more than 10 hours. Also Read: Pakistan rejects Rajnath Singh's remarks about situation in PoK Afghanistan may not share a border with India, but is very much part of the South Asian sphere. After all of India's investments, diplomatic and monetary in Afghanistan, India virtually has no say in the Afghan peace process. With the border on the boil, at least 20 Indian Army personnel were martyred during a 'violent face-off' with China on Monday night in the Galwan Valley in Ladakh. "Indian & Chinese troops have disengaged at Galwan area where they had earlier clashed on the night of 15/16 June 2020. 17 Indian troops who were critically injured in the line of duty have succumbed to their injuries, taking total that were killed in action to 20," Indian Army said in a statement. Also Read: ‘Violent face-off a result of attempt by China to unilaterally change status quo,’ says MEA Moreover, bilateral ties with Nepal are at their worst and there appears to be little room for diplomacy. Recently, Nepal'slower house passed a map showing Indian territories of Lipulekh, Kalapani, Limpiyadhura as its own. In response, India’s Ministry of External Affairs said Nepal’s artificial enlargement of claims is “not based on historical fact or evidence and is not tenable”. Bangladesh and Sri Lanka remain India's friends, but these countries are trapped in China's “debt-trap diplomacy”. Also Read: Indo-Nepal ties not ordinary, no power in the world can break it: Rajnath Singh Beijing has been trying strengthen its position in the Indian Ocean by deepening ties with Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka by taking advantage of their economic woes. And, countries flushed with Chinese investments will find it hard to keep their foreign policy untouched. (With inputs from PTI)

Is India being strategically encircled?

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) released a statement on Tuesday on the clash between Indian and Chinese armies at Galwan Valley

LAC Stand-off: 'China unilaterally tried to change the status quo' says MEA

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