Valley fever outbreak: 19 infected in California—here’s what you need to know about this fungal disease

Valley fever outbreak:An alarming rise in Valley fever cases has been reported in California, with at least 19 individuals affected after attending the Lightning in a Bottle music festival near Bakersfield in May, according to the California Department of Public Health. Here's what you need to know about this fungal infection and its symptoms.

What is Valley Fever?

Valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis, is a lung infection caused by inhaling spores from a fungus known as Coccidioides, according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The disease gets its name from California’s San Joaquin Valley, where it was first discovered. Pets can also contract Valley fever, but the CDC confirms no transmission between animals and humans.

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According to the CDC, people most at risk for severe illness include those with weakened immune systems, individuals with diabetes, pregnant women, and the elderly.

Symptoms

Valley fever often begins with symptoms that resemble the flu or COVID-19. Common signs include high fever, cold, body aches, cough, rashes, headaches, night sweats, fatigue, and muscle or joint pain. Experts say these symptoms usually appear one to three weeks after exposure to fungal spores.

While many individuals recover on their own, approximately 10% of cases may develop serious complications. People at higher risk, such as those with weakened immune systems, may experience more severe symptoms.

No vaccine available

Currently, there is no vaccine to protect against Valley fever, though research is ongoing. The CDC advises using indoor air filtration systems and properly cleaning wounds with soap and water to minimise the risk of infection.
CDPH suggests that patients should consider getting tested if their symptoms do not improve, as Valley fever symptoms can resemble those of other infections.

Treatment options for severe cases

For individuals with mild or no symptoms, the infection often resolves on its own without the need for medication. However, those who develop more severe illness or belong to high-risk groups may be prescribed an oral antifungal medication like fluconazole for three to six months.

(With inputs from agencies)