For centuries, people preserved memories through photographs, letters and home videos. Now, artificial intelligence is changing that. Today, a growing number of companies offer to recreate deceased people as interactive chatbots, voice clones or even lifelike video avatars that can hold conversations with family members.Supporters of the technology see these AI replicas as a new way to remember loved ones. Critics, meanwhile, warn that these AI avatars blur the line between memory and simulation, raising difficult questions about grief, consent, privacy and ownership. WION decodes the latest AI-related ethical conundrum.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/advances-in-artificial-intelligence-mean-deadbots-can-haunt-users-warn-ai-experts-heres-what-it-means-719542">Advances in artificial intelligence mean 'deadbots' can 'haunt' the living, warn experts. Here's what it means</a><h2>How are AI companies creating digital versions of dead people?</h2>The technology works by combining multiple forms of personal data left behind during a person's lifetime.Researchers describe these systems, often called "digital ghosts" or "griefbots", as AI models built from a person's digital traces, including photographs, videos, voice recordings, emails, text messages, interviews, social media posts and memories shared by relatives.Voice cloning technology analyses recordings to reproduce a person's pronunciation, pitch, rhythm, accent and speaking style. Instead of replaying existing recordings, AI generates entirely new speech in the same voice. Reuters reported one case in which a man recreated his deceased father's voice from a single audio message.Facial animation has also advanced rapidly. Microsoft's VASA-1 research showed that a single photograph combined with an audio clip can generate realistic talking faces with synchronised lip movements, facial expressions and natural head movements. The company said the research is intended to advance avatar technology and was not released as a public product.Many commercial services combine these technologies with large language models that learn a person's communication style and memories, allowing an avatar to respond to new questions in real time.One such service, Afterlife AI, offers a service where users can themselves preserve their voice, memories, values and stories while alive and decide who can access their digital persona after death.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/death-is-only-the-beginning-meta-patents-technology-that-ll-let-ai-run-your-social-media-from-beyond-the-grave-wion-explains-1771304178081">Death is only the beginning? Meta patents tech that'll let AI run your social media from beyond the grave | WION Explains</a><h2>Who owns your voice, photographs and digital identity after death?</h2>The legal answer is far from straightforward. According to India's Copyright Act, there is no single legal right covering a deceased person's entire digital identity. Different parts of someone's online presence are governed by different laws.<blockquote>For instance:<ul><li>A photograph is not automatically owned by the person appearing in it. Copyright usually belongs to the photographer unless specific legal exceptions apply.</li><li>Copyright in literary, artistic, musical and other protected works generally continues for 60 years after the author's death under the Copyright Act, 1957.</li><li>Voice recordings can themselves qualify as copyright-protected sound recordings.</li></ul></blockquote>This means that AI companies may own the software used to generate an avatar, but that does not automatically give them ownership of the deceased person's identity, likeness or personal history.Notably, India currently has no dedicated law governing AI-generated replicas of deceased individuals, meaning disputes could involve copyright, contractual agreements, privacy principles and inheritance laws depending on the circumstances.<h2>Can AI help people cope with grief?</h2>Researchers say the answer is complicated. Several recent studies suggest AI grief technologies can provide emotional comfort by allowing users to maintain a sense of connection with someone who has died. Participants reported using griefbots to express unresolved emotions, revisit memories or have private conversations they felt unable to share with others.A 2026 systematic review examining 30 studies on digital grief technologies, including AI chatbots, digital replicas, virtual reality memorials and online remembrance platforms, found potential benefits such as reduced grief symptoms, increased emotional support and greater accessibility to bereavement tools. However, the research published in <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451958826002228">Science Direct</a> also identified significant risks. "This form of digital grief technology can create an illusion, causing the bereaved to develop unhealthy attachments to the digital representations of the deceased as a form of support or closure. Therefore, such attachments could interfere with their ability to engage in a healthy grieving process. Similarly, generative AI chatbots were also found to be at risk of causing overreliance as this technology enabled the bereaved to sustain a continuous bond with the deceased, which can hinder their recovery process," it found.Researchers have also warned that prolonged interaction with AI replicas could interfere with the natural grieving process by making it harder for some people to accept a loved one's death. Concerns about psychological dependence have become one of the central ethical debates surrounding griefbots.Here's a question for you, the reader: Would you opt to create a griefbot to help you deal with the death of a loved one or leave behind an AI replica of yourself to help them after your passing?

AI can now use a person's photos, videos, voice recordings and messages to create digital replicas that can talk and respond like them. But as "griefbots" gain attention, questions around consent, ownership, privacy and the grieving process are becoming harder to ignore. WION Decodes.

For centuries, people preserved memories through photographs, letters and home videos. Now, artificial intelligence is changing that. Today, a growing number of companies offer to recreate deceased people as interactive chatbots, voice clones or even lifelike video avatars that can hold conversations with family members. Supporters of the technology see these AI replicas as a new way to remember loved ones. Critics, meanwhile, warn that these AI avatars blur the line between memory and simulation, raising difficult questions about grief, consent, privacy and ownership. WION decodes the latest AI-related ethical conundrum. Also read | Advances in artificial intelligence mean 'deadbots' can 'haunt' the living, warn experts. Here's what it means How are AI companies creating digital versions of dead people? The technology works by combining multiple forms of personal data left behind during a person's lifetime. Researchers describe these systems, often called "digital ghosts" or "griefbots", as AI models built from a person's digital traces, including photographs, videos, voice recordings, emails, text messages, interviews, social media posts and memories shared by relatives. Voice cloning technology analyses recordings to reproduce a person's pronunciation, pitch, rhythm, accent and speaking style. Instead of replaying existing recordings, AI generates entirely new speech in the same voice. Reuters reported one case in which a man recreated his deceased father's voice from a single audio message. Facial animation has also advanced rapidly. Microsoft's VASA-1 research showed that a single photograph combined with an audio clip can generate realistic talking faces with synchronised lip movements, facial expressions and natural head movements. The company said the research is intended to advance avatar technology and was not released as a public product. Many commercial services combine these technologies with large language models that learn a person's communication style and memories, allowing an avatar to respond to new questions in real time. One such service, Afterlife AI, offers a service where users can themselves preserve their voice, memories, values and stories while alive and decide who can access their digital persona after death. Also read | Death is only the beginning? Meta patents tech that'll let AI run your social media from beyond the grave | WION Explains Who owns your voice, photographs and digital identity after death? The legal answer is far from straightforward. According to India's Copyright Act, there is no single legal right covering a deceased person's entire digital identity. Different parts of someone's online presence are governed by different laws. For instance: A photograph is not automatically owned by the person appearing in it. Copyright usually belongs to the photographer unless specific legal exceptions apply. Copyright in literary, artistic, musical and other protected works generally continues for 60 years after the author's death under the Copyright Act, 1957. Voice recordings can themselves qualify as copyright-protected sound recordings. This means that AI companies may own the software used to generate an avatar, but that does not automatically give them ownership of the deceased person's identity, likeness or personal history. Notably, India currently has no dedicated law governing AI-generated replicas of deceased individuals, meaning disputes could involve copyright, contractual agreements, privacy principles and inheritance laws depending on the circumstances. Can AI help people cope with grief? Researchers say the answer is complicated. Several recent studies suggest AI grief technologies can provide emotional comfort by allowing users to maintain a sense of connection with someone who has died. Participants reported using griefbots to express unresolved emotions, revisit memories or have private conversations they felt unable to share with others. A 2026 systematic review examining 30 studies on digital grief technologies, including AI chatbots, digital replicas, virtual reality memorials and online remembrance platforms, found potential benefits such as reduced grief symptoms, increased emotional support and greater accessibility to bereavement tools. However, the research published in Science Direct also identified significant risks. "This form of digital grief technology can create an illusion, causing the bereaved to develop unhealthy attachments to the digital representations of the deceased as a form of support or closure. Therefore, such attachments could interfere with their ability to engage in a healthy grieving process. Similarly, generative AI chatbots were also found to be at risk of causing overreliance as this technology enabled the bereaved to sustain a continuous bond with the deceased, which can hinder their recovery process," it found. Researchers have also warned that prolonged interaction with AI replicas could interfere with the natural grieving process by making it harder for some people to accept a loved one's death. Concerns about psychological dependence have become one of the central ethical debates surrounding griefbots. Here's a question for you, the reader: Would you opt to create a griefbot to help you deal with the death of a loved one or leave behind an AI replica of yourself to help them after your passing?

AI can now use a person's photos, videos, voice recordings and messages to create digital replicas that can talk and respond like them. But as "griefbots" gain attention, questions around consent, ownership, privacy and the grieving process are becoming harder to ignore. WION Decodes.

AI can now recreate the dead. But who owns your 'digital ghost' when you're gone? | WION Decodes

The Supreme Court has raised concerns over the consent process for the government’s Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) initiative, after parents and petitioners alleged that students were being pushed into enrolling despite the scheme being officially voluntary. The court has indicated that the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) should provide an explicit opt-out option for parents nationwide and address concerns over student data protection.<h2>What is APAAR?</h2>APAAR, or Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry, is a government initiative introduced under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 as part of the “One Nation, One Student ID” programme. It aims to provide every student with a lifelong digital academic identity where educational records, including marksheets, certificates, degrees, credits and other achievements, can be stored digitally.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-woman-risks-arrest-to-stop-police-van-during-neet-protest-video-goes-viral-1784796463976">WATCH | Woman risks arrest to stop police van during NEET protest; video goes viral</a>The system creates a unique 12-digit APAAR ID for students and is designed to integrate with platforms such as DigiLocker and the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), allowing students to access and transfer their academic records more easily across institutions.For school students, the creation of an APAAR ID requires verification of details and parental consent in case of minors. The process involves authentication through Aadhaar-linked information to establish a unique academic identity and prevent duplication of records.<h2>Why are parents and petitioners objecting?</h2>The main concern raised before the Supreme Court is whether the consent taken from parents is genuinely voluntary and informed. Petitioners have argued that although APAAR is described as an optional initiative, the manner in which schools have implemented the system has created an impression that enrolment is compulsory.Parents have alleged that some students were encouraged to obtain APAAR IDs without being given a clear choice to refuse participation. They argued that the absence of a specific “opt-out” option in consent forms could pressure families into sharing Aadhaar-related details and personal information.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/foreign-funding-behind-cjp-delhi-hc-to-hear-plea-seeking-nia-probe-into-protest-amid-backlash-over-police-crackdown-1784787748131">Foreign funding behind CJP? Delhi HC to hear plea seeking NIA probe into protest amid backlash over police crackdown</a>Another major concern is the collection and long-term storage of students’ personal and academic data. Since APAAR involves Aadhaar-based authentication and stores educational records throughout a student’s academic journey, petitioners have questioned how this information will be protected, who will have access to it and how misuse of sensitive data will be prevented.<h2>What has the Supreme Court said?</h2>The Supreme Court has indicated that CBSE should follow safeguards suggested by the Orissa High Court, including modifying consent forms to clearly allow parents to refuse APAAR enrolment. The court has also highlighted the need for stronger protections regarding the collection, storage and processing of students’ personal information.The issue before the court is not only about digital education records but also about ensuring that participation in government technology initiatives remains based on free and informed consent, especially when minors’ data is involved.While the government maintains that APAAR is meant to simplify academic record management and improve access to educational credentials, the legal challenge has brought attention to the balance between digital innovation, privacy rights and parental choice.

APAAR aims to create a lifelong digital academic identity for students, but concerns over Aadhaar linkage, data privacy and alleged pressure to enrol have led the Supreme Court to seek clearer opt-out safeguards.

The Supreme Court has raised concerns over the consent process for the government’s Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) initiative, after parents and petitioners alleged that students were being pushed into enrolling despite the scheme being officially voluntary. The court has indicated that the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) should provide an explicit opt-out option for parents nationwide and address concerns over student data protection. What is APAAR? APAAR, or Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry, is a government initiative introduced under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 as part of the “One Nation, One Student ID” programme. It aims to provide every student with a lifelong digital academic identity where educational records, including marksheets, certificates, degrees, credits and other achievements, can be stored digitally. Also read | WATCH | Woman risks arrest to stop police van during NEET protest; video goes viral The system creates a unique 12-digit APAAR ID for students and is designed to integrate with platforms such as DigiLocker and the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), allowing students to access and transfer their academic records more easily across institutions. For school students, the creation of an APAAR ID requires verification of details and parental consent in case of minors. The process involves authentication through Aadhaar-linked information to establish a unique academic identity and prevent duplication of records. Why are parents and petitioners objecting? The main concern raised before the Supreme Court is whether the consent taken from parents is genuinely voluntary and informed. Petitioners have argued that although APAAR is described as an optional initiative, the manner in which schools have implemented the system has created an impression that enrolment is compulsory. Parents have alleged that some students were encouraged to obtain APAAR IDs without being given a clear choice to refuse participation. They argued that the absence of a specific “opt-out” option in consent forms could pressure families into sharing Aadhaar-related details and personal information. Also read | Foreign funding behind CJP? Delhi HC to hear plea seeking NIA probe into protest amid backlash over police crackdown Another major concern is the collection and long-term storage of students’ personal and academic data. Since APAAR involves Aadhaar-based authentication and stores educational records throughout a student’s academic journey, petitioners have questioned how this information will be protected, who will have access to it and how misuse of sensitive data will be prevented. What has the Supreme Court said? The Supreme Court has indicated that CBSE should follow safeguards suggested by the Orissa High Court, including modifying consent forms to clearly allow parents to refuse APAAR enrolment. The court has also highlighted the need for stronger protections regarding the collection, storage and processing of students’ personal information. The issue before the court is not only about digital education records but also about ensuring that participation in government technology initiatives remains based on free and informed consent, especially when minors’ data is involved. While the government maintains that APAAR is meant to simplify academic record management and improve access to educational credentials, the legal challenge has brought attention to the balance between digital innovation, privacy rights and parental choice.

APAAR aims to create a lifelong digital academic identity for students, but concerns over Aadhaar linkage, data privacy and alleged pressure to enrol have led the Supreme Court to seek clearer opt-out safeguards.

Why is APAAR sparking a privacy debate among parents and students? WION Decodes

India could soon join a growing list of countries replacing traditional paper currency with polymer, or plastic, banknotes. The Reserve Bank of India's currency-printing subsidiary, Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL), on July 17, 2026, floated a Global Expression of Interest (EOI) inviting manufacturers to supply security-grade polymer substrate for Indian banknotes.While the RBI has not yet announced the launch of plastic currency, its global tender is widely being seen as the first concrete step towards field trials of polymer currency, likely beginning with the ₹10 and ₹20 denominations.If the trials succeed, India may eventually print more denominations on plastic instead of cotton-based paper. But why is the RBI considering the switch? Will your existing notes become invalid? And are plastic notes really safer and cheaper? Here's what we know.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/pm-modi-invokes-chandra-shekhar-azad-s-unwavering-patriotism-as-neet-protests-enter-day-34-is-there-a-hidden-message-1784788286963">PM Modi invokes Chandra Shekhar Azad's 'unwavering patriotism' as NEET protests enter Day 34. Is there a hidden message?</a><h2>Why is the RBI planning the switch now?</h2>The immediate reason may be durability and cost. Lower-denomination notes such as ₹10 and ₹20 circulate rapidly, changing hands countless times every day. As a result, they become dirty, torn and unfit for circulation much faster than higher-value notes.According to the BRBNMPL tender, the RBI is seeking 68,000 reams of Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP)-based polymer substrate, split equally for two denominations. The tender also states that larger procurement could follow if field trials are successful.<h2>What exactly are polymer banknotes?</h2>Despite being called "plastic money", polymer notes are not made from ordinary plastic. They are manufactured from a specially engineered polymer substrate, usually biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), designed specifically for banknotes.Unlike India's current cotton-based paper currency, polymer notes do not absorb moisture, dirt or oils from human hands.This allows them to remain cleaner and structurally stronger throughout their lifespan.<h2>How much longer do plastic notes last?</h2>One of the biggest advantages is longevity. Studies and central bank experience show polymer notes typically remain in circulation two to two-and-a-half times longer than conventional paper notes.Their non-porous surface makes them resistant to Moisture, dirt, sweat, grease and everyday wear and tear.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/from-tomatoes-to-jewellery-10-things-that-got-costlier-in-june-5-that-became-cheaper-and-which-states-were-hit-hardest-by-retail-inflation-1784014937128">From tomatoes to jewellery: 10 things that got costlier in June, 5 that became cheaper, and which states were hit hardest by retail inflation</a><h2>Will this reduce the RBI's printing costs?</h2>Not immediately. Notably, polymer notes generally cost more to manufacture than paper notes. However, over a longer duration, central banks recover that extra cost because the notes last much longer.That means that fewer replacement print runs will be needed. Additionally, it would mean lower and far less frequent transportation costs, reduced destruction of worn-out notes, and lower long-term currency management expenses.The RBI appears to be targeting ₹10 and ₹20 notes first precisely because these denominations suffer the highest wear and tear in circulation.<h2>Can plastic notes stop fake currency?</h2>Not entirely, but they make counterfeiting considerably harder. Unlike paper notes, polymer banknotes can incorporate features that are extremely difficult to reproduce, including transparent windows, metallic numerals, embedded holographic elements, magnetic pseudo threads, shadow images, and iridescent security patterns.The BRBNMPL tender specifically requires several of these security features for India's proposed polymer notes. "The bidder should also have the capacity and capability to manufacture and supply clear window with portrait, metallic numeral, magnetic pseudo thread, shadow image, iridescent pattern etc," it reads.Counterfeiters can still attempt to forge polymer notes, but replicating the substrate and embedded security features is substantially more challenging than copying traditional paper currency.<h2>Are polymer notes better for visually impaired users?</h2>Because polymer banknotes can incorporate raised tactile features directly into the substrate, they might be better for the visually impaired. Unlike embossed markings on paper notes, which gradually wear away, these tactile elements generally remain effective throughout the note's life, making denomination recognition easier for visually impaired users.<h2>Are plastic notes actually more environmentally friendly?</h2>Surprisingly, many central banks say yes. Although polymer notes are plastic-based, they stay in circulation much longer, meaning fewer notes need to be printed, transported and destroyed.At the end of their useful life, many polymer banknotes can also be recycled into plastic products instead of being incinerated or shredded.The overall environmental benefit comes from using fewer replacement notes over time, rather than from the material itself.<h2>Which countries already use polymer currency?</h2>Australia pioneered the technology and became the first country to fully convert its banknotes to polymer.Since then, dozens of countries have adopted polymer currency, including:<ol><li>Canada</li><li>United Kingdom</li><li>New Zealand</li><li>Mexico</li><li>Brazil</li><li>Saudi Arabia</li><li>Romania</li><li>Barbados</li></ol>Globally, around 45 countries had introduced polymer banknotes by 2023, with adoption continuing to grow.Will your existing notes become invalid?Nothing announced so far suggests that. The current move is only towards field trials, beginning with lower-value notes.If polymer notes are introduced, they are expected to circulate alongside existing paper notes during the transition, much like previous design changes in Indian currency.There is no indication that the RBI plans a demonetisation or immediate withdrawal of paper notes as part of this initiative. &nbsp;

The RBI has taken its clearest step yet towards introducing polymer banknotes. But why replace paper notes that have been in use for decades? WION Decodes

India could soon join a growing list of countries replacing traditional paper currency with polymer, or plastic, banknotes. The Reserve Bank of India's currency-printing subsidiary, Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL), on July 17, 2026, floated a Global Expression of Interest (EOI) inviting manufacturers to supply security-grade polymer substrate for Indian banknotes. While the RBI has not yet announced the launch of plastic currency, its global tender is widely being seen as the first concrete step towards field trials of polymer currency, likely beginning with the ₹10 and ₹20 denominations. If the trials succeed, India may eventually print more denominations on plastic instead of cotton-based paper. But why is the RBI considering the switch? Will your existing notes become invalid? And are plastic notes really safer and cheaper? Here's what we know. Also read | PM Modi invokes Chandra Shekhar Azad's 'unwavering patriotism' as NEET protests enter Day 34. Is there a hidden message? Why is the RBI planning the switch now? The immediate reason may be durability and cost. Lower-denomination notes such as ₹10 and ₹20 circulate rapidly, changing hands countless times every day. As a result, they become dirty, torn and unfit for circulation much faster than higher-value notes. According to the BRBNMPL tender, the RBI is seeking 68,000 reams of Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP)-based polymer substrate, split equally for two denominations. The tender also states that larger procurement could follow if field trials are successful. What exactly are polymer banknotes? Despite being called "plastic money", polymer notes are not made from ordinary plastic. They are manufactured from a specially engineered polymer substrate, usually biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), designed specifically for banknotes. Unlike India's current cotton-based paper currency, polymer notes do not absorb moisture, dirt or oils from human hands. This allows them to remain cleaner and structurally stronger throughout their lifespan. How much longer do plastic notes last? One of the biggest advantages is longevity. Studies and central bank experience show polymer notes typically remain in circulation two to two-and-a-half times longer than conventional paper notes. Their non-porous surface makes them resistant to Moisture, dirt, sweat, grease and everyday wear and tear. Also read | From tomatoes to jewellery: 10 things that got costlier in June, 5 that became cheaper, and which states were hit hardest by retail inflation Will this reduce the RBI's printing costs? Not immediately. Notably, polymer notes generally cost more to manufacture than paper notes. However, over a longer duration, central banks recover that extra cost because the notes last much longer. That means that fewer replacement print runs will be needed. Additionally, it would mean lower and far less frequent transportation costs, reduced destruction of worn-out notes, and lower long-term currency management expenses. The RBI appears to be targeting ₹10 and ₹20 notes first precisely because these denominations suffer the highest wear and tear in circulation. Can plastic notes stop fake currency? Not entirely, but they make counterfeiting considerably harder. Unlike paper notes, polymer banknotes can incorporate features that are extremely difficult to reproduce, including transparent windows, metallic numerals, embedded holographic elements, magnetic pseudo threads, shadow images, and iridescent security patterns. The BRBNMPL tender specifically requires several of these security features for India's proposed polymer notes. "The bidder should also have the capacity and capability to manufacture and supply clear window with portrait, metallic numeral, magnetic pseudo thread, shadow image, iridescent pattern etc," it reads. Counterfeiters can still attempt to forge polymer notes, but replicating the substrate and embedded security features is substantially more challenging than copying traditional paper currency. Are polymer notes better for visually impaired users? Because polymer banknotes can incorporate raised tactile features directly into the substrate, they might be better for the visually impaired. Unlike embossed markings on paper notes, which gradually wear away, these tactile elements generally remain effective throughout the note's life, making denomination recognition easier for visually impaired users. Are plastic notes actually more environmentally friendly? Surprisingly, many central banks say yes. Although polymer notes are plastic-based, they stay in circulation much longer, meaning fewer notes need to be printed, transported and destroyed. At the end of their useful life, many polymer banknotes can also be recycled into plastic products instead of being incinerated or shredded. The overall environmental benefit comes from using fewer replacement notes over time, rather than from the material itself. Which countries already use polymer currency? Australia pioneered the technology and became the first country to fully convert its banknotes to polymer. Since then, dozens of countries have adopted polymer currency, including: Canada United Kingdom New Zealand Mexico Brazil Saudi Arabia Romania Barbados Globally, around 45 countries had introduced polymer banknotes by 2023, with adoption continuing to grow. Will your existing notes become invalid? Nothing announced so far suggests that. The current move is only towards field trials, beginning with lower-value notes. If polymer notes are introduced, they are expected to circulate alongside existing paper notes during the transition, much like previous design changes in Indian currency. There is no indication that the RBI plans a demonetisation or immediate withdrawal of paper notes as part of this initiative.

The RBI has taken its clearest step yet towards introducing polymer banknotes. But why replace paper notes that have been in use for decades? WION Decodes

Will India switch to plastic currency? Why RBI wants to replace paper currency, and what it means for your wallet | WION Decodes

Congress leader Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra and several Opposition MPs were detained by Delhi Police on Tuesday (Jul 21) while marching towards Prime Minister Narendra Modi's residence. Political reactions followed the detention of top Opposition leaders, with the Opposition accusing the government of throttling democracy. The BJP has defended the police action as a law-and-order measure, but beyond the politics, the incident has revived an old constitutional question.Can the police detain a Member of Parliament while Parliament is in session? Does the Speaker's permission have to be taken first? And what exactly do parliamentary privileges protect?WION Decodes what the rules actually say.<h2>Can an MP be detained during a Parliament session?</h2>Yes, contrary to a common misconception, an MP can be arrested or detained while Parliament is in session. There is no legal requirement for the police to seek prior permission from the Lok Sabha Speaker or the Rajya Sabha Chairman before detaining an MP outside Parliament premises.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/this-should-not-happen-in-a-democracy-shashi-tharoor-slams-detention-of-rahul-gandhi-priyanka-gandhi-after-protest-outside-pm-modi-s-residence-1784684704207">'This should not happen in a democracy': Shashi Tharoor slams detention of Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Gandhi after protest outside PM Modi's residence</a>However, that is only half the rule. Once an MP is arrested or detained, the concerned authority must immediately inform the Speaker or Chairman, giving details of the detention, the reasons and the place where the MP is being held.The presiding officer then communicates the information to the House, usually through a parliamentary bulletin.<h2>When is the Speaker's permission required?</h2>This is where many people get confused. Permission from the Speaker is required only if an arrest or detention takes place within the Parliament precincts. Outside Parliament, police do not need prior approval to act if they are exercising powers available under law.That distinction is central to the current debate because Rahul Gandhi and other Opposition leaders were detained during a protest near Lok Kalyan Marg, not inside Parliament.<h2>What are parliamentary privileges?</h2>Parliamentary privileges are often misunderstood as legal immunity. However, they are not. The privileges granted to MPs by the Indian Constitution are intended to ensure that MPs can perform their legislative functions independently without outside interference.They primarily protect the freedom of speech inside Parliament, voting in the House, participation in parliamentary proceedings and committee work. Notably, they do not provide blanket immunity from criminal law or police action outside Parliament.<h2>Does parliamentary privilege extend to protests?</h2>Generally, no. Political rallies, marches and demonstrations outside Parliament are not covered by parliamentary privilege.Like any other citizen, MPs participating in public protests may be detained if police believe they are acting under powers available in law. The constitutional protection is linked to parliamentary functions, not political activity outside the House.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/shocked-the-conscience-of-nation-congress-moves-adjournment-motions-in-lok-sabha-over-neet-paper-leak-police-action-on-student-protesters-1784694334862">'Shocked the conscience of nation': Congress moves motion in Lok Sabha to force Dharmendra Pradhan's statement and resignation</a><h2>So was LoP Rahul Gandhi's detention legal?</h2>That depends on how the detention was carried out. The parliamentary rules make two things clear: Police can detain an MP outside Parliament without obtaining prior permission from the Speaker; They must inform the Speaker or Chairman immediately after the detention.Whether Delhi Police complied with those procedural requirements, and whether the detention itself was justified on law-and-order grounds, are separate questions that could become matters for parliamentary scrutiny or judicial review.The rules themselves do not automatically make the detention either legal or illegal.<h2>The Engineer Rashid case: Can an MP serve while in custody?</h2>The debate over Rahul Gandhi's detention is not the first time questions have been raised about an MP's legal status while Parliament is in session. One of the most prominent examples is Sheikh Abdul Rashid, popularly known as Engineer Rashid, the Lok Sabha MP from Jammu and Kashmir's Baramulla constituency.Rashid has been lodged in Delhi's Tihar Jail since 2019 after being arrested by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) in connection with a 2017 terror-funding case. Notably, despite being in judicial custody, he contested and won the 2024 Lok Sabha election from Baramulla, becoming one of the few sitting MPs to serve while incarcerated.Earlier this week, a Delhi court granted him custody parole to attend the Monsoon Session of Parliament under police escort. During the ongoing session (on 21 July 2026), Rashid staged a symbolic barefoot protest and observed a one-day hunger strike inside the Lok Sabha, demanding a time-bound dialogue on Jammu and Kashmir, restoration of statehood, restoration of Article 370 and the release of political prisoners.<h2>Why does this matter?</h2>The RaGa and Engineer Rashid episodes highlight the balance that India's constitutional framework tries to maintain. On one hand, Members of Parliament are elected representatives who enjoy certain privileges to ensure Parliament functions independently. On the other, those privileges are not meant to place MPs above ordinary law enforcement when they are outside Parliament.

The detention of Rahul Gandhi and other Opposition MPs has revived questions over parliamentary privilege. Does the Indian Constitution allow police to detain MPs without prior permission from the Speaker? WION Decodes.

Congress leader Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra and several Opposition MPs were detained by Delhi Police on Tuesday (Jul 21) while marching towards Prime Minister Narendra Modi's residence. Political reactions followed the detention of top Opposition leaders, with the Opposition accusing the government of throttling democracy. The BJP has defended the police action as a law-and-order measure, but beyond the politics, the incident has revived an old constitutional question. Can the police detain a Member of Parliament while Parliament is in session? Does the Speaker's permission have to be taken first? And what exactly do parliamentary privileges protect? WION Decodes what the rules actually say. Can an MP be detained during a Parliament session? Yes, contrary to a common misconception, an MP can be arrested or detained while Parliament is in session. There is no legal requirement for the police to seek prior permission from the Lok Sabha Speaker or the Rajya Sabha Chairman before detaining an MP outside Parliament premises. Also read | 'This should not happen in a democracy': Shashi Tharoor slams detention of Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Gandhi after protest outside PM Modi's residence However, that is only half the rule. Once an MP is arrested or detained, the concerned authority must immediately inform the Speaker or Chairman, giving details of the detention, the reasons and the place where the MP is being held. The presiding officer then communicates the information to the House, usually through a parliamentary bulletin. When is the Speaker's permission required? This is where many people get confused. Permission from the Speaker is required only if an arrest or detention takes place within the Parliament precincts. Outside Parliament, police do not need prior approval to act if they are exercising powers available under law. That distinction is central to the current debate because Rahul Gandhi and other Opposition leaders were detained during a protest near Lok Kalyan Marg, not inside Parliament. What are parliamentary privileges? Parliamentary privileges are often misunderstood as legal immunity. However, they are not. The privileges granted to MPs by the Indian Constitution are intended to ensure that MPs can perform their legislative functions independently without outside interference. They primarily protect the freedom of speech inside Parliament, voting in the House, participation in parliamentary proceedings and committee work. Notably, they do not provide blanket immunity from criminal law or police action outside Parliament. Does parliamentary privilege extend to protests? Generally, no. Political rallies, marches and demonstrations outside Parliament are not covered by parliamentary privilege. Like any other citizen, MPs participating in public protests may be detained if police believe they are acting under powers available in law. The constitutional protection is linked to parliamentary functions, not political activity outside the House. Also read | 'Shocked the conscience of nation': Congress moves motion in Lok Sabha to force Dharmendra Pradhan's statement and resignation So was LoP Rahul Gandhi's detention legal? That depends on how the detention was carried out. The parliamentary rules make two things clear: Police can detain an MP outside Parliament without obtaining prior permission from the Speaker; They must inform the Speaker or Chairman immediately after the detention. Whether Delhi Police complied with those procedural requirements, and whether the detention itself was justified on law-and-order grounds, are separate questions that could become matters for parliamentary scrutiny or judicial review. The rules themselves do not automatically make the detention either legal or illegal. The Engineer Rashid case: Can an MP serve while in custody? The debate over Rahul Gandhi's detention is not the first time questions have been raised about an MP's legal status while Parliament is in session. One of the most prominent examples is Sheikh Abdul Rashid, popularly known as Engineer Rashid, the Lok Sabha MP from Jammu and Kashmir's Baramulla constituency. Rashid has been lodged in Delhi's Tihar Jail since 2019 after being arrested by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) in connection with a 2017 terror-funding case. Notably, despite being in judicial custody, he contested and won the 2024 Lok Sabha election from Baramulla, becoming one of the few sitting MPs to serve while incarcerated. Earlier this week, a Delhi court granted him custody parole to attend the Monsoon Session of Parliament under police escort. During the ongoing session (on 21 July 2026), Rashid staged a symbolic barefoot protest and observed a one-day hunger strike inside the Lok Sabha, demanding a time-bound dialogue on Jammu and Kashmir, restoration of statehood, restoration of Article 370 and the release of political prisoners. Why does this matter? The RaGa and Engineer Rashid episodes highlight the balance that India's constitutional framework tries to maintain. On one hand, Members of Parliament are elected representatives who enjoy certain privileges to ensure Parliament functions independently. On the other, those privileges are not meant to place MPs above ordinary law enforcement when they are outside Parliament.

The detention of Rahul Gandhi and other Opposition MPs has revived questions over parliamentary privilege. Does the Indian Constitution allow police to detain MPs without prior permission from the Speaker? WION Decodes.

Was Rahul Gandhi's detention during Parliament monsoon session illegal? What the law actually says | WION Decodes

Can a couple lose the right to become parents because Parliament changed the law years after they froze their embryos? The Allahabad High Court has answered that question with a clear no, saying reproductive rights cannot be taken away retrospectively. What are the key provisions of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 and why were they introduced? What did the Allahabad HC say in its new groundbreaking ruling? WION Decodes.<h2>Allahabad HC's ruling: What it says</h2>Imagine spending years undergoing IVF, finally creating embryos after repeated failed attempts, only to discover that a new law now says you're too old to use them. That was the question before the Allahabad High Court, and its answer could have implications far beyond one couple from Lucknow.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/if-india-wants-a-permanent-unsc-seat-why-is-it-still-contesting-for-a-temporary-one-wion-decodes-1784104714747">If India wants a permanent UNSC seat, why is it still contesting for a temporary one? WION Decodes</a>In a significant ruling, the court held that the age limits under the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 cannot be applied retrospectively to couples who had already created and frozen embryos before the law came into force. The judges said doing so would violate the constitutional right to reproductive autonomy, which forms part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21.<h2>Why did the court make an exception?</h2>The case involved a couple who had been married for more than 17 years and had undergone multiple rounds of IVF without success. In 2015, they created and cryopreserved three embryos with the intention of pursuing surrogacy if conventional IVF failed. At the time, there was no statutory upper age limit preventing them from doing so.But by the time they were ready to proceed, the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 had come into force. The law allows surrogacy only if the intending woman is between 23 and 50 years of age and the intending man is between 26 and 55. The wife had crossed the age threshold, leaving the couple unable to move forward.The High Court held that the law could not be used to extinguish a right that had already accrued years before Parliament enacted the legislation.<h2>When does the surrogacy process actually begin?</h2>A key question before the court was whether surrogacy begins when a surrogate is identified or much earlier.Relying on recent Supreme Court judgments, the Allahabad High Court said the process effectively begins when eggs and sperm are fertilised and embryos are frozen with the intention of using them for surrogacy.In other words, the legal clock starts ticking when the embryos are created, not when they are implanted.That distinction proved crucial in this case. Since the embryos had been frozen in 2015, the couple's right to pursue parenthood had already crystallised under the legal framework that existed at the time. The later age restrictions could not be imposed retrospectively.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/wion-decodes-why-is-the-us-threatening-india-with-fresh-12-5-tariff-under-section-301-which-industries-stand-to-lose-the-most-1783489179101">WION Decodes: Why is the US threatening India with fresh 12.5% tariff under Section 301? Which industries stand to lose the most?</a><h2>What does India's Surrogacy Act say?</h2>The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 was introduced to regulate assisted reproduction and curb commercial surrogacy.Among its key provisions are:<ol><li>Only altruistic surrogacy is permitted.</li><li>Commercial surrogacy is prohibited.</li><li>Women must be between 23 and 50 years of age, while men must be between 26 and 55.</li><li>Intending couples must obtain eligibility certificates and medical approvals.</li><li>Registered clinics and strict oversight are mandatory.</li><li>The law also prohibits sex selection and seeks to protect surrogate mothers and children born through surrogacy.</li></ol>The High Court did not strike down these provisions. Instead, it ruled that they cannot be applied to embryos frozen before the law came into effect.<h2>Could this help other IVF couples?</h2>Potentially, yes. The ruling is based on Supreme Court precedents and reinforces the principle that reproductive rights cannot be taken away simply because a law changes after a medical procedure has already begun. That means other couples who froze embryos before January 25, 2022 and later crossed the statutory age limit may also have stronger grounds to seek permission for surrogacy.However, the judgment does not create a blanket exemption. Such couples must still satisfy the other requirements of the Surrogacy Act, including medical eligibility and statutory approvals.<h2>Why this judgment matters</h2>The ruling goes beyond one couple's struggle. As more Indians turn to IVF and embryo freezing, courts are increasingly being asked to decide what happens when science moves faster than the law.The Allahabad High Court's judgment suggests that once embryos are legally created and preserved, the right to use them cannot simply disappear because Parliament later changes the rules.

The Allahabad High Court has ruled that the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 cannot be applied retrospectively to couples who froze embryos before the law came into force, holding that reproductive rights under Article 21 cannot be taken away by subsequent legislation.

Can a couple lose the right to become parents because Parliament changed the law years after they froze their embryos? The Allahabad High Court has answered that question with a clear no, saying reproductive rights cannot be taken away retrospectively. What are the key provisions of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 and why were they introduced? What did the Allahabad HC say in its new groundbreaking ruling? WION Decodes. Allahabad HC's ruling: What it says Imagine spending years undergoing IVF, finally creating embryos after repeated failed attempts, only to discover that a new law now says you're too old to use them. That was the question before the Allahabad High Court, and its answer could have implications far beyond one couple from Lucknow. Also read | If India wants a permanent UNSC seat, why is it still contesting for a temporary one? WION Decodes In a significant ruling, the court held that the age limits under the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 cannot be applied retrospectively to couples who had already created and frozen embryos before the law came into force. The judges said doing so would violate the constitutional right to reproductive autonomy, which forms part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21. Why did the court make an exception? The case involved a couple who had been married for more than 17 years and had undergone multiple rounds of IVF without success. In 2015, they created and cryopreserved three embryos with the intention of pursuing surrogacy if conventional IVF failed. At the time, there was no statutory upper age limit preventing them from doing so. But by the time they were ready to proceed, the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 had come into force. The law allows surrogacy only if the intending woman is between 23 and 50 years of age and the intending man is between 26 and 55. The wife had crossed the age threshold, leaving the couple unable to move forward. The High Court held that the law could not be used to extinguish a right that had already accrued years before Parliament enacted the legislation. When does the surrogacy process actually begin? A key question before the court was whether surrogacy begins when a surrogate is identified or much earlier. Relying on recent Supreme Court judgments, the Allahabad High Court said the process effectively begins when eggs and sperm are fertilised and embryos are frozen with the intention of using them for surrogacy. In other words, the legal clock starts ticking when the embryos are created, not when they are implanted. That distinction proved crucial in this case. Since the embryos had been frozen in 2015, the couple's right to pursue parenthood had already crystallised under the legal framework that existed at the time. The later age restrictions could not be imposed retrospectively. Also read | WION Decodes: Why is the US threatening India with fresh 12.5% tariff under Section 301? Which industries stand to lose the most? What does India's Surrogacy Act say? The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 was introduced to regulate assisted reproduction and curb commercial surrogacy. Among its key provisions are: Only altruistic surrogacy is permitted. Commercial surrogacy is prohibited. Women must be between 23 and 50 years of age, while men must be between 26 and 55. Intending couples must obtain eligibility certificates and medical approvals. Registered clinics and strict oversight are mandatory. The law also prohibits sex selection and seeks to protect surrogate mothers and children born through surrogacy. The High Court did not strike down these provisions. Instead, it ruled that they cannot be applied to embryos frozen before the law came into effect. Could this help other IVF couples? Potentially, yes. The ruling is based on Supreme Court precedents and reinforces the principle that reproductive rights cannot be taken away simply because a law changes after a medical procedure has already begun. That means other couples who froze embryos before January 25, 2022 and later crossed the statutory age limit may also have stronger grounds to seek permission for surrogacy. However, the judgment does not create a blanket exemption. Such couples must still satisfy the other requirements of the Surrogacy Act, including medical eligibility and statutory approvals. Why this judgment matters The ruling goes beyond one couple's struggle. As more Indians turn to IVF and embryo freezing, courts are increasingly being asked to decide what happens when science moves faster than the law. The Allahabad High Court's judgment suggests that once embryos are legally created and preserved, the right to use them cannot simply disappear because Parliament later changes the rules.

The Allahabad High Court has ruled that the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 cannot be applied retrospectively to couples who froze embryos before the law came into force, holding that reproductive rights under Article 21 cannot be taken away by subsequent legislation.

WION Decodes: Does freezing an embryo give you a legal right to become a parent later? Allahabad HC says...

As concerns about E20 fuel damaging car engines, affecting mileage and more continue to strengthen, one question many consumers have been asking: Why can't we choose which petrol to fill our car with - &nbsp;normal, E10 and E20?. Now the government has finally answered.Defending its decision to roll out E20 fuel without giving consumers a choice between normal petrol, E10 and E20 at the pump, the Centre said that India’s fuel delivery system is simply not built to handle multiple nationwide petrol streams at once. Notably, at fuel pumps in India, vehicle owners get the choice to choose between multiple variants, including normal and premium petrol like XP95 and Speed fuel. Then, why can't consumers similarly make their own choice between normal petrol, E10 and E20? Here's what the Government of India said.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-hardeep-puri-defends-e20-petrol-dismisses-mileage-engine-health-criticism-as-make-believe-narrative-1783050765587">India: Hardeep Puri admits E20 petrol may reduce mileage, but dismisses widespread criticism as ‘make-believe narrative’</a><h2>Why not just sell all three fuels separately?</h2>Responding to the growing debate, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas said the transition to E20 was planned after consultations with automobile manufacturers, testing agencies and other stakeholders. The decision, it said, was based on technical checks covering vehicle compatibility, engine performance, emissions, and fuel efficiency.According to the ministry, a choice is where the problem begins. It noted that India has more than one lakh retail fuel outlets, backed by a vast chain of refineries, terminals, depots and pipelines. The Ministry insisted that running separate supply lines for normal petrol, E10 and E20 across that network would sharply increase costs, complicate storage and inventory management, and reduce operational efficiency.The ministry also pushed back against comparisons with premium petrol. Those products, it said, are niche fuels sold in limited quantities with special additives. They do not require the kind of separate nationwide supply chain that different petrol blends would.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/india-s-e20-fuel-policy-under-supreme-court-scanner-1782888129529/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/india-s-e20-fuel-policy-under-supreme-court-scanner-1782888129529/embed</a><h2>But what about older vehicles?</h2>Concerns have also grown among owners of older cars and two-wheelers that were originally marked as E10-compatible, not E20-compatible.On that point, the ministry said vehicle manufacturers were involved in the consultation process before the higher ethanol blend was introduced. It argued that if the companies had not been satisfied with the results of testing, they would not have supported the rollout or continued to honour warranties."Had automobile manufacturers not been fully satisfied with the results, they would never have stood behind the product or honoured vehicle warranties," the ministry said.It added that "virtually every manufacturer today" is now honouring warranties for vehicles, old and new, because they were part of the consultation.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/when-will-petrol-and-diesel-get-cheaper-in-india-modi-government-s-petroleum-minister-hardeep-puri-drops-big-hint-1783041168875">When will petrol and diesel get cheaper in India? Modi government's petroleum minister Hardeep Puri drops BIG HINT</a><h2>What has field experience shown?</h2>The ministry cited data from the ground to support its case. It said Maruti Suzuki serviced 2.84 crore vehicles in FY 2025-26, including 1.5 crore older vehicles not originally certified for E20, without reporting major E20-related problems such as corrosion, abnormal wear or component damage. Hero MotoCorp, it added, has reported similar experience.The ministry acknowledged that some vehicles may see a 3 to 5 per cent drop in fuel economy with E20. But it said mileage is only one part of the picture.According to the ministry, E20 also offers higher octane, better combustion, smoother acceleration, cleaner engine operation and lower lifecycle carbon emissions. Customers, however, continue to protest the forced implementation. On Social media, countless videos by Indians continue to question and slam the move to E20, with many presenting proof of how the ethanol-blended fuel has damaged their expensive vehicles.

Why can't Indian motorists simply choose between normal petrol, E10 and E20 at fuel stations? As criticism of ethanol-blended fuel grows, the Centre has finally explained why consumers aren't being given that choice. Scroll down to find out what the government said.

As concerns about E20 fuel damaging car engines, affecting mileage and more continue to strengthen, one question many consumers have been asking: Why can't we choose which petrol to fill our car with - normal, E10 and E20?. Now the government has finally answered. Defending its decision to roll out E20 fuel without giving consumers a choice between normal petrol, E10 and E20 at the pump, the Centre said that India’s fuel delivery system is simply not built to handle multiple nationwide petrol streams at once. Notably, at fuel pumps in India, vehicle owners get the choice to choose between multiple variants, including normal and premium petrol like XP95 and Speed fuel. Then, why can't consumers similarly make their own choice between normal petrol, E10 and E20? Here's what the Government of India said. Also read | India: Hardeep Puri admits E20 petrol may reduce mileage, but dismisses widespread criticism as ‘make-believe narrative’ Why not just sell all three fuels separately? Responding to the growing debate, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas said the transition to E20 was planned after consultations with automobile manufacturers, testing agencies and other stakeholders. The decision, it said, was based on technical checks covering vehicle compatibility, engine performance, emissions, and fuel efficiency. According to the ministry, a choice is where the problem begins. It noted that India has more than one lakh retail fuel outlets, backed by a vast chain of refineries, terminals, depots and pipelines. The Ministry insisted that running separate supply lines for normal petrol, E10 and E20 across that network would sharply increase costs, complicate storage and inventory management, and reduce operational efficiency. The ministry also pushed back against comparisons with premium petrol. Those products, it said, are niche fuels sold in limited quantities with special additives. They do not require the kind of separate nationwide supply chain that different petrol blends would. https://www.wionews.com/videos/india-s-e20-fuel-policy-under-supreme-court-scanner-1782888129529/embed But what about older vehicles? Concerns have also grown among owners of older cars and two-wheelers that were originally marked as E10-compatible, not E20-compatible. On that point, the ministry said vehicle manufacturers were involved in the consultation process before the higher ethanol blend was introduced. It argued that if the companies had not been satisfied with the results of testing, they would not have supported the rollout or continued to honour warranties. "Had automobile manufacturers not been fully satisfied with the results, they would never have stood behind the product or honoured vehicle warranties," the ministry said. It added that "virtually every manufacturer today" is now honouring warranties for vehicles, old and new, because they were part of the consultation. Also read | When will petrol and diesel get cheaper in India? Modi government's petroleum minister Hardeep Puri drops BIG HINT What has field experience shown? The ministry cited data from the ground to support its case. It said Maruti Suzuki serviced 2.84 crore vehicles in FY 2025-26, including 1.5 crore older vehicles not originally certified for E20, without reporting major E20-related problems such as corrosion, abnormal wear or component damage. Hero MotoCorp, it added, has reported similar experience. The ministry acknowledged that some vehicles may see a 3 to 5 per cent drop in fuel economy with E20. But it said mileage is only one part of the picture. According to the ministry, E20 also offers higher octane, better combustion, smoother acceleration, cleaner engine operation and lower lifecycle carbon emissions. Customers, however, continue to protest the forced implementation. On Social media, countless videos by Indians continue to question and slam the move to E20, with many presenting proof of how the ethanol-blended fuel has damaged their expensive vehicles.

Why can't Indian motorists simply choose between normal petrol, E10 and E20 at fuel stations? As criticism of ethanol-blended fuel grows, the Centre has finally explained why consumers aren't being given that choice. Scroll down to find out what the government said.

Why are Indians being forced to buy E20 petrol? Government finally answers | WION Decodes

US President Donald Trump on Wednesday (Jul 8) insisted he still wanted Greenland, as NATO leaders met for their summit in Ankara. Once again putting the frozen island at the centre of transatlantic politics, he said the United States should control the Arctic island because it is important for global security. "Greenland is a big problem for us," he told reporters, saying it was "very important for the United States, but it's not important for Denmark"."We need it for protection of the world, not just the United States.. It doesn't help Denmark, but it helps us."Denmark and Greenland have pushed back hard, saying the territory is "not for sale". The European Union, meanwhile, said that "decisions about the future of Greenland are for Greenlanders and Danes". But, why is everyone obsessed with the frozen island? WION Decodes.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/blood-bags-bombs-and-expected-betrayal-report-reveals-how-denmark-prepped-for-us-invasion-of-greenland-after-trump-threat-1773984239604">Blood bags, bombs, and betrayal? Denmark's plan to stop Trump from invading Greenland REVEALED!</a><h2>Why Greenland matters strategically</h2>Greenland sits between North America and Europe, which gives it military value. The island also serves as a critical gateway to the Arctic Ocean.The US already operates Pituffik Space Base (formerly Thule Air Base) there, and the Space Force says the base’s early-warning radar is used to detect incoming sea-launched and intercontinental ballistic missile threats over the Arctic. That makes Greenland a key part of America’s northern security footprint.The island’s importance is also growing as Russia expands its Arctic military presence and China pushes harder in the region too. Notably, China has now declared itself a "near-Arctic state."Reuters has reported that Trump is arguing the US needs control of Greenland because of Chinese and Russian activity near the territory, while AP notes that the island’s location above the Arctic Circle and near emerging sea routes adds to its strategic weight.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/white-house-doubles-down-insists-european-troops-don-t-impact-trump-s-goal-of-greenland-acquisition-at-all-1768529366586">Trump hellbent on 'acquiring' Greenland, White House says NATO troops don't faze him 'at all'</a><h2>What Washington wants from Greenland</h2>The US is not just looking at military geography. Greenland is also attractive because of its rare earths and other critical minerals, which matter for defence systems, electric vehicles and advanced technology supply chains. As the ice melts, new Arctic shipping routes are also opening up, which increases the island’s value for trade and logistics.Trump has repeatedly framed the issue as a national security question, saying Greenland is necessary for protection. Reuters has also reported that US officials are still talking with Denmark and Greenland about enhanced security arrangements, even as the idea of US control remains off the table for Copenhagen and Nuuk.<h2>Why Denmark and Greenland are pushing back</h2>Greenland’s leadership has made one thing clear: it is not for sale. Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen has rejected Trump’s renewed push, while Danish leaders say Greenland’s future must be decided through sovereignty and democratic self-determination, not by transfer or purchase. Denmark has also signalled it is open to deeper security cooperation, but not ownership.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/trump-beware-denmark-soldiers-will-shoot-first-ask-questions-later-if-us-tries-to-invade-greenland-1767862463458">Trump Beware! Denmark soldiers will 'shoot first, ask questions later' if US tries to invade Greenland</a><h2>Could this affect NATO?</h2>Yes, and that is what makes the issue so delicate. Pressure from Washington risks straining relations with Denmark, another NATO member, at a time when the alliance is trying to present unity on Ukraine and the wider security picture. Notably, divisions among NATO allies could be exploited by Russia and China to expand their strategic and economic influence in the Arctic, challenging Western security interests.For now, Greenland remains Danish territory with broad autonomy. But in Trump’s view, and in Washington’s strategic calculus, it is much more than an ice-covered island. It is a military outpost, a mineral prize and a front line in the Arctic power struggle.&nbsp;

Donald Trump has once again declared that the US 'needs' Greenland, reigniting a debate that goes far beyond buying an island. WION Decodes why Greenland has become one of the world's most strategically valuable territories.

US President Donald Trump on Wednesday (Jul 8) insisted he still wanted Greenland, as NATO leaders met for their summit in Ankara. Once again putting the frozen island at the centre of transatlantic politics, he said the United States should control the Arctic island because it is important for global security. "Greenland is a big problem for us," he told reporters, saying it was "very important for the United States, but it's not important for Denmark". "We need it for protection of the world, not just the United States.. It doesn't help Denmark, but it helps us." Denmark and Greenland have pushed back hard, saying the territory is "not for sale". The European Union, meanwhile, said that "decisions about the future of Greenland are for Greenlanders and Danes". But, why is everyone obsessed with the frozen island? WION Decodes. Also read | Blood bags, bombs, and betrayal? Denmark's plan to stop Trump from invading Greenland REVEALED! Why Greenland matters strategically Greenland sits between North America and Europe, which gives it military value. The island also serves as a critical gateway to the Arctic Ocean. The US already operates Pituffik Space Base (formerly Thule Air Base) there, and the Space Force says the base’s early-warning radar is used to detect incoming sea-launched and intercontinental ballistic missile threats over the Arctic. That makes Greenland a key part of America’s northern security footprint. The island’s importance is also growing as Russia expands its Arctic military presence and China pushes harder in the region too. Notably, China has now declared itself a "near-Arctic state." Reuters has reported that Trump is arguing the US needs control of Greenland because of Chinese and Russian activity near the territory, while AP notes that the island’s location above the Arctic Circle and near emerging sea routes adds to its strategic weight. Also read | Trump hellbent on 'acquiring' Greenland, White House says NATO troops don't faze him 'at all' What Washington wants from Greenland The US is not just looking at military geography. Greenland is also attractive because of its rare earths and other critical minerals, which matter for defence systems, electric vehicles and advanced technology supply chains. As the ice melts, new Arctic shipping routes are also opening up, which increases the island’s value for trade and logistics. Trump has repeatedly framed the issue as a national security question, saying Greenland is necessary for protection. Reuters has also reported that US officials are still talking with Denmark and Greenland about enhanced security arrangements, even as the idea of US control remains off the table for Copenhagen and Nuuk. Why Denmark and Greenland are pushing back Greenland’s leadership has made one thing clear: it is not for sale. Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen has rejected Trump’s renewed push, while Danish leaders say Greenland’s future must be decided through sovereignty and democratic self-determination, not by transfer or purchase. Denmark has also signalled it is open to deeper security cooperation, but not ownership. Also read | Trump Beware! Denmark soldiers will 'shoot first, ask questions later' if US tries to invade Greenland Could this affect NATO? Yes, and that is what makes the issue so delicate. Pressure from Washington risks straining relations with Denmark, another NATO member, at a time when the alliance is trying to present unity on Ukraine and the wider security picture. Notably, divisions among NATO allies could be exploited by Russia and China to expand their strategic and economic influence in the Arctic, challenging Western security interests. For now, Greenland remains Danish territory with broad autonomy. But in Trump’s view, and in Washington’s strategic calculus, it is much more than an ice-covered island. It is a military outpost, a mineral prize and a front line in the Arctic power struggle.

Donald Trump has once again declared that the US 'needs' Greenland, reigniting a debate that goes far beyond buying an island. WION Decodes why Greenland has become one of the world's most strategically valuable territories.

Trump demands Greenland again. Why the frozen island considered strategically important for global security? WION Decodes

For nearly six years, Indian agencies have chased Sourabh Chandrakar across countries. Now, with the alleged mastermind of the Mahadev betting app detained in Oman, authorities finally have a chance to bring one of India's most wanted economic fugitives back home.But the bigger story isn't where Chandrakar was caught. It is how two men from Chhattisgarh allegedly built one of India's biggest illegal online betting empires, operating from luxury villas in Dubai while handling bets worth hundreds of crores every day.Here's how investigators say the Mahadev network actually worked.<h2>Step 1: Build one brand, operate hundreds of betting platforms</h2>According to the Enforcement Directorate (ED), Mahadev Online Book wasn't just a single betting app.It "operated as a large-scale international betting syndicate", in other words, the Mahadev app functioned as an umbrella network controlling dozens of betting websites and exchanges. This included platforms and domain names such as Tiger Exchange, Gold365 and Laser247.Users could allegedly place bets on almost anything, from cricket, football and tennis to poker, card games, elections and other games of chance.Even after several platforms were blocked by Indian authorities, investigators say fresh domains continued appearing under different names.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/wion-decodes-why-is-the-us-threatening-india-with-fresh-12-5-tariff-under-section-301-which-industries-stand-to-lose-the-most-1783489179101">WION Decodes: Why is the US threatening India with fresh 12.5% tariff under Section 301? Which industries stand to lose the most?</a><h2>Step 2: Run India from Dubai</h2>The brains behind the operation, Sourabh Chandrakar and Ravi Uppal, allegedly shifted to Dubai around 2019. From there, investigators say they controlled the entire network without physically operating in India.According to the ED, the duo rented nearly 20 villas in Dubai that housed around 3,500 employees managing customer support, betting operations, payments and technical infrastructure.<h2>Step 3: Franchise the betting business</h2>Unlike a traditional betting website, Mahadev allegedly expanded through a franchise model.The ED says local operators across India were given independent "panels" or "branches." In its press release dated 25 March 2026, the ED noted, "The operation was structured through a franchise-based network of 'Panels' or ‘Branches’ operated by associates across India, while the main promoters Sourabh Chandrakar and Ravi Uppal operated and controlled the betting syndicate from Dubai."These franchisees handled customers, collected bets and managed day-to-day gambling activity in their regions.In return, investigators allege Chandrakar and Uppal retained 70 to 75 per cent of the profits, while the remaining revenue was "distributed among panel operators managing the betting operations".This allowed Chandrakar and Uppal to grow the network rapidly without directly managing every betting operation.<h2>Step 4: Move money through thousands of dummy accounts</h2>Handling illegal gambling money posed another challenge.Investigators claim the syndicate solved it by creating thousands of mule bank accounts using KYC documents belonging to unsuspecting individuals."The Proceeds of Crime (PoC) generated from commission of scheduled offences were systematically layered through thousands of mules or dummy bank accounts opened using KYC documents of unsuspecting individuals."Money from bettors would first enter these accounts, making it harder for authorities to trace the original source. Notably, this layering process is a common technique in money laundering because it breaks the direct trail between the crime and the final beneficiary.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/india-s-brahmos-vs-usa-s-tomahawk-russia-s-kalibr-and-china-s-yj-18-why-nations-are-lining-up-for-the-make-in-india-missile-1782892168517">India's BrahMos vs USA's Tomahawk, Russia's Kalibr and China's YJ-18: Why nations are lining up for the Make-in-India missile</a><h2>Step 5: Send the money abroad to turn black money white</h2>Once the funds were split across thousands of accounts, investigators say they were moved outside India using multiple channels.According to the ED, "Subsequently, the illicit funds were transferred outside India through hawala channels, cryptocurrency transactions and complex financial layering mechanisms, and were eventually invested in high-value movable and immovable assets in the UAE and India."<h2>Step 6: Voilà! ₹240-crore-a-day operation</h2>The sheer size of the alleged operation is what stunned investigators. According to the ED's chargesheet, Mahadev was operating around 3,200 betting panels across India.Together, these allegedly generated around ₹240 crore every day. If accurate, that would make it one of India's largest illegal betting syndicates.<h2>Chandrakar was arrested and let go earlier</h2>Based on an Interpol red notice, the alleged mastermind, Chandrakar, was briefly detained in Dubai in 2024, but the extradition request never materialised, and he was eventually released.Now, officials say he has been detained in Oman after allegedly travelling on a fake passport issued by a Southeast Asian country.Unlike the UAE case, India has an operational extradition treaty with Oman, raising hopes that Chandrakar may finally be brought back to face trial.<h2>What happens next?</h2>Chandrakar's detention does not end the Mahadev investigation. The CBI, the ED and Chhattisgarh Police continue to investigate the wider network, including alleged money laundering, public servants, financial facilitators and the sprawling franchise structure that investigators say kept the betting empire running even after repeated government crackdowns.If extradited, Chandrakar's questioning could provide investigators with their clearest picture yet of how one of India's biggest alleged online betting syndicates was built, financed and operated across borders.

Sourabh Chandrakar's detention in Oman has put the spotlight back on the Mahadev betting app. How did the alleged syndicate grow into a ₹240-crore-a-day operation? From Dubai control rooms to hawala networks and cryptocurrency, here's a step-by-step breakdown of how the empire worked.

For nearly six years, Indian agencies have chased Sourabh Chandrakar across countries. Now, with the alleged mastermind of the Mahadev betting app detained in Oman, authorities finally have a chance to bring one of India's most wanted economic fugitives back home. But the bigger story isn't where Chandrakar was caught. It is how two men from Chhattisgarh allegedly built one of India's biggest illegal online betting empires, operating from luxury villas in Dubai while handling bets worth hundreds of crores every day. Here's how investigators say the Mahadev network actually worked. Step 1: Build one brand, operate hundreds of betting platforms According to the Enforcement Directorate (ED), Mahadev Online Book wasn't just a single betting app. It "operated as a large-scale international betting syndicate", in other words, the Mahadev app functioned as an umbrella network controlling dozens of betting websites and exchanges. This included platforms and domain names such as Tiger Exchange, Gold365 and Laser247. Users could allegedly place bets on almost anything, from cricket, football and tennis to poker, card games, elections and other games of chance. Even after several platforms were blocked by Indian authorities, investigators say fresh domains continued appearing under different names. Also read | WION Decodes: Why is the US threatening India with fresh 12.5% tariff under Section 301? Which industries stand to lose the most? Step 2: Run India from Dubai The brains behind the operation, Sourabh Chandrakar and Ravi Uppal, allegedly shifted to Dubai around 2019. From there, investigators say they controlled the entire network without physically operating in India. According to the ED, the duo rented nearly 20 villas in Dubai that housed around 3,500 employees managing customer support, betting operations, payments and technical infrastructure. Step 3: Franchise the betting business Unlike a traditional betting website, Mahadev allegedly expanded through a franchise model. The ED says local operators across India were given independent "panels" or "branches." In its press release dated 25 March 2026, the ED noted, "The operation was structured through a franchise-based network of 'Panels' or ‘Branches’ operated by associates across India, while the main promoters Sourabh Chandrakar and Ravi Uppal operated and controlled the betting syndicate from Dubai." These franchisees handled customers, collected bets and managed day-to-day gambling activity in their regions. In return, investigators allege Chandrakar and Uppal retained 70 to 75 per cent of the profits, while the remaining revenue was "distributed among panel operators managing the betting operations". This allowed Chandrakar and Uppal to grow the network rapidly without directly managing every betting operation. Step 4: Move money through thousands of dummy accounts Handling illegal gambling money posed another challenge. Investigators claim the syndicate solved it by creating thousands of mule bank accounts using KYC documents belonging to unsuspecting individuals. "The Proceeds of Crime (PoC) generated from commission of scheduled offences were systematically layered through thousands of mules or dummy bank accounts opened using KYC documents of unsuspecting individuals." Money from bettors would first enter these accounts, making it harder for authorities to trace the original source. Notably, this layering process is a common technique in money laundering because it breaks the direct trail between the crime and the final beneficiary. Also read | India's BrahMos vs USA's Tomahawk, Russia's Kalibr and China's YJ-18: Why nations are lining up for the Make-in-India missile Step 5: Send the money abroad to turn black money white Once the funds were split across thousands of accounts, investigators say they were moved outside India using multiple channels. According to the ED, "Subsequently, the illicit funds were transferred outside India through hawala channels, cryptocurrency transactions and complex financial layering mechanisms, and were eventually invested in high-value movable and immovable assets in the UAE and India." Step 6: Voilà! ₹240-crore-a-day operation The sheer size of the alleged operation is what stunned investigators. According to the ED's chargesheet, Mahadev was operating around 3,200 betting panels across India. Together, these allegedly generated around ₹240 crore every day. If accurate, that would make it one of India's largest illegal betting syndicates. Chandrakar was arrested and let go earlier Based on an Interpol red notice, the alleged mastermind, Chandrakar, was briefly detained in Dubai in 2024, but the extradition request never materialised, and he was eventually released. Now, officials say he has been detained in Oman after allegedly travelling on a fake passport issued by a Southeast Asian country. Unlike the UAE case, India has an operational extradition treaty with Oman, raising hopes that Chandrakar may finally be brought back to face trial. What happens next? Chandrakar's detention does not end the Mahadev investigation. The CBI, the ED and Chhattisgarh Police continue to investigate the wider network, including alleged money laundering, public servants, financial facilitators and the sprawling franchise structure that investigators say kept the betting empire running even after repeated government crackdowns. If extradited, Chandrakar's questioning could provide investigators with their clearest picture yet of how one of India's biggest alleged online betting syndicates was built, financed and operated across borders.

Sourabh Chandrakar's detention in Oman has put the spotlight back on the Mahadev betting app. How did the alleged syndicate grow into a ₹240-crore-a-day operation? From Dubai control rooms to hawala networks and cryptocurrency, here's a step-by-step breakdown of how the empire worked.

Mahadev app mastermind Sourabh Chandrakar arrested in Oman: Inside the ₹240-crore-a-day betting empire | WION Decodes

The Russia-Ukraine war began in February 2022 and has been going on ever since for over four years now. Moscow launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, triggering the deadliest war in Europe since World War II. The conflict has not just increased tensions in the region, but also affected supply chains across the world. With no sign of a resolution of the conflict in the near future, the world has been forced to adapt to the shifts it brought to global energy markets, food security, and defence spending.<h2>Energy markets on edge</h2>The war has pushed the energy markets to the edge given Russia’s dominance over global crude oil exports. The sanctions and repeated strikes on its refineries have significantly changed the flow of supply in ways that are still playing out.Through 2025 and 2026, Ukrainian attacks on Russian energy infrastructure have intensified, at times cutting refinery output and tightening fuel availability inside Russia itself. In an unusual event, Russia even had to import refined fuels, including shipments from India.At the same time, tensions in the Middle East have kept traders on alert over potential disruptions to one of the world’s most critical supply regions. Even without full-scale escalation, periodic flare-ups in the region have been enough to push prices higher, tighten insurance costs, and amplify risk premiums across global crude benchmarks.The result is a market that is not short of oil, but short of certainty. Diesel remains the tightest segment, particularly in Europe, where inventories are thin, and price swings remain sharp whenever supply fears emerge.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/inside-the-500-000-mobility-target-why-japan-wants-50-000-indian-workers-japan-workers-shortage-1783077430875">Inside the 500,000 mobility target: Why Japan wants 50,000 Indian workers</a><h2>Food markets under persistent pressure</h2>While there were initial fears of food shortages, the concerns have faded. However, the markets have not returned to normal. Both Russia and Ukraine hold a significant share in global wheat and sunflower oil exports. Moscow is also a key player in fertiliser supply.However, since the Black Sea trade route was disrupted in 2022, exports have been rerouted through longer and more expensive channels. While the war has not resulted in a shortage of food supplies, it has pushed prices way up due to longer shipping time, higher insurance costs, and thin margins across the board. In India, the rising cost of fertilisers has affected the agriculture industry.<h2>Defence spending</h2>Due to the Russia-Ukraine war, military budgets have not just increased – they have undergone a major shift. NATO countries have expanded their spending and rebuilt ammunition stocks. They have also accelerated procurement of drones, missile systems and air defence networks.What is different this time is persistence. Defence spending is no longer reacting to a single war. It is responding to the expectation that instability is now a feature of the system, not an interruption.The Iran war further reinforced this trend beyond Europe, pushing regional governments to increase readiness and procurement cycles.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/as-global-supply-chains-shift-can-india-become-the-next-manufacturing-hub-1783159714059">As global supply chains shift, can India become the next manufacturing hub?</a><h2>India: Balancing energy gains and risks</h2>India has benefited from discounted Russian crude, with imports from Russia rising sharply since 2022 and helping to stabilise fuel prices. But that advantage sits alongside exposure to sanctions risk and supply chain uncertainty.The Middle East adds another dimension, given India’s heavy reliance on the region for energy imports and shipping routes. Any escalation there directly affects freight costs, insurance premiums and supply security.On defence, dependence on Russian-origin systems continues even as India pushes diversification and domestic production. Spare parts and long-term maintenance remain key pressure points. India’s challenge is no longer just balancing partners. It is managing exposure across multiple conflict zones at once, in a global system where instability has become overlapping rather than isolated.Watch | Russia-Ukraine War: Zelensky, Putin Hold Separate Calls With Trump on Ukraine War<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/russia-ukraine-war-zelensky-putin-hold-separate-calls-with-trump-on-ukraine-war-1783306630844/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/russia-ukraine-war-zelensky-putin-hold-separate-calls-with-trump-on-ukraine-war-1783306630844/embed</a>&nbsp;

Russia-Ukraine war is reshaping energy, food, defence and trade systems, while India balances energy security, supply risks and strategic autonomy in a volatile geopolitical environment. Here’s what you need to know.

The Russia-Ukraine war began in February 2022 and has been going on ever since for over four years now. Moscow launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, triggering the deadliest war in Europe since World War II. The conflict has not just increased tensions in the region, but also affected supply chains across the world. With no sign of a resolution of the conflict in the near future, the world has been forced to adapt to the shifts it brought to global energy markets, food security, and defence spending. Energy markets on edge The war has pushed the energy markets to the edge given Russia’s dominance over global crude oil exports. The sanctions and repeated strikes on its refineries have significantly changed the flow of supply in ways that are still playing out. Through 2025 and 2026, Ukrainian attacks on Russian energy infrastructure have intensified, at times cutting refinery output and tightening fuel availability inside Russia itself. In an unusual event, Russia even had to import refined fuels, including shipments from India. At the same time, tensions in the Middle East have kept traders on alert over potential disruptions to one of the world’s most critical supply regions. Even without full-scale escalation, periodic flare-ups in the region have been enough to push prices higher, tighten insurance costs, and amplify risk premiums across global crude benchmarks. The result is a market that is not short of oil, but short of certainty. Diesel remains the tightest segment, particularly in Europe, where inventories are thin, and price swings remain sharp whenever supply fears emerge. Also read | Inside the 500,000 mobility target: Why Japan wants 50,000 Indian workers Food markets under persistent pressure While there were initial fears of food shortages, the concerns have faded. However, the markets have not returned to normal. Both Russia and Ukraine hold a significant share in global wheat and sunflower oil exports. Moscow is also a key player in fertiliser supply. However, since the Black Sea trade route was disrupted in 2022, exports have been rerouted through longer and more expensive channels. While the war has not resulted in a shortage of food supplies, it has pushed prices way up due to longer shipping time, higher insurance costs, and thin margins across the board. In India, the rising cost of fertilisers has affected the agriculture industry. Defence spending Due to the Russia-Ukraine war, military budgets have not just increased – they have undergone a major shift. NATO countries have expanded their spending and rebuilt ammunition stocks. They have also accelerated procurement of drones, missile systems and air defence networks. What is different this time is persistence. Defence spending is no longer reacting to a single war. It is responding to the expectation that instability is now a feature of the system, not an interruption. The Iran war further reinforced this trend beyond Europe, pushing regional governments to increase readiness and procurement cycles. Also read | As global supply chains shift, can India become the next manufacturing hub? India: Balancing energy gains and risks India has benefited from discounted Russian crude, with imports from Russia rising sharply since 2022 and helping to stabilise fuel prices. But that advantage sits alongside exposure to sanctions risk and supply chain uncertainty. The Middle East adds another dimension, given India’s heavy reliance on the region for energy imports and shipping routes. Any escalation there directly affects freight costs, insurance premiums and supply security. On defence, dependence on Russian-origin systems continues even as India pushes diversification and domestic production. Spare parts and long-term maintenance remain key pressure points. India’s challenge is no longer just balancing partners. It is managing exposure across multiple conflict zones at once, in a global system where instability has become overlapping rather than isolated. Watch | Russia-Ukraine War: Zelensky, Putin Hold Separate Calls With Trump on Ukraine War https://www.wionews.com/videos/russia-ukraine-war-zelensky-putin-hold-separate-calls-with-trump-on-ukraine-war-1783306630844/embed

Russia-Ukraine war is reshaping energy, food, defence and trade systems, while India balances energy security, supply risks and strategic autonomy in a volatile geopolitical environment. Here’s what you need to know.

How Russia-Ukraine war is reshaping energy flows, food prices, defence spending and India’s strategy | WION Decodes

A police officer appears on your screen. He claims your Aadhaar has been linked to money laundering. An arrest warrant flashes on the video call. You are told to stay online, not tell anyone, and transfer money immediately to "verify" your innocence. It sounds dramatic. Yet thousands of Indians have fallen for exactly this scam.The so-called "digital arrest" has emerged as one of India's fastest-growing cyber frauds. At a recent Open House Discussion on ‘Safeguarding human rights against digital arrest scams’, National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Chairperson Justice V. Ramasubramanian revealed that Indians have lost about ₹529,760 million (Rs 52,976 crore) to cyber-enabled frauds during the past six years, with nearly 8 per cent or ₹42,380 million (4,238 crore) of the losses attributed to digital arrest scams.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/digital-arrest-scam-doctors-engineers-ceos-why-smart-indians-keep-getting-trapped-by-the-fraud-wion-decodes-1782460955929">Digital arrest scam: Doctors, engineers, CEOs - Why smart Indians keep getting trapped by the fraud | WION Decodes</a><h2>How not to get scammed</h2>The digital arrest scam works because it combines fear, authority and urgency into a carefully scripted operation designed to stop victims from thinking clearly.The first thing to remember is simple: there is no provision for a digital arrest under Indian law.No police officer, CBI official, ED officer or customs authority can legally arrest you over WhatsApp, Skype or a video call.<h2>The biggest red flags you cannot miss</h2>One of the clearest warning signs is panic. The fraudsters wearing fake police uniforms typically try to scare their victims by accusing them of serious crimes such as drug trafficking, money laundering or financial fraud. The goal is to frighten them into acting before they have time to verify the claims.Then comes the demand for money.Scammers may call it a "security deposit", "verification fee," or even a "temporary bail amount". Whatever the label, it is fraud. Real law enforcement agencies do not settle criminal cases through bank transfers or UPI payments.Isolation is another common tactic. Victims are often told not to speak to family members, lawyers or friends. Some are kept on video calls for hours to prevent outside intervention.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/ncert-emergency-chapter-draws-political-fire-as-congress-and-bjp-trade-barbs-attempt-to-divert-india-s-history-1782444368216">NCERT Emergency chapter draws political fire as Congress and BJP trade barbs: 'Attempt to divert India's history'</a><blockquote><ul><li>Red flag #1: A video call from a 'police officer'</li><li>Red flag #2: Accusations of money laundering or drug trafficking</li><li>Red flag #3: Pressure to act immediately</li><li>Red flag #4: Demands for a 'verification fee' or 'security deposit'</li><li>Red flag #5: Instructions not to contact family or lawyers</li></ul></blockquote><h2>What should you do if you receive such a call?</h2>The answer is straightforward: disconnect immediately. Do not argue. Do not try to prove your innocence. Do not share OTPs, passwords, Aadhaar details or banking information.If the caller claims to represent a government agency, independently verify the claim through official channels. Contact the nearest police station or the department concerned using publicly listed numbers.Most importantly, report the incident. Victims can call the National Cybercrime Helpline on 1930 or file a complaint through the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal.Digital arrest scams do not succeed because criminals have sophisticated technology. They succeed because they manipulate human emotions and exploit the fear of law enforcement agencies among people. The moment someone threatens arrest over a video call and demands money, treat it as a scam. The fastest way to protect yourself is often the simplest: hang up.

No police officer can legally arrest you over a video call. Yet thousands of Indians continue to lose money to digital arrest scams because criminals exploit fear, authority and urgency. Here are the red flags that instantly expose the fraud.

A police officer appears on your screen. He claims your Aadhaar has been linked to money laundering. An arrest warrant flashes on the video call. You are told to stay online, not tell anyone, and transfer money immediately to "verify" your innocence. It sounds dramatic. Yet thousands of Indians have fallen for exactly this scam. The so-called "digital arrest" has emerged as one of India's fastest-growing cyber frauds. At a recent Open House Discussion on ‘Safeguarding human rights against digital arrest scams’, National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Chairperson Justice V. Ramasubramanian revealed that Indians have lost about ₹529,760 million (Rs 52,976 crore) to cyber-enabled frauds during the past six years, with nearly 8 per cent or ₹42,380 million (4,238 crore) of the losses attributed to digital arrest scams. Also read | Digital arrest scam: Doctors, engineers, CEOs - Why smart Indians keep getting trapped by the fraud | WION Decodes How not to get scammed The digital arrest scam works because it combines fear, authority and urgency into a carefully scripted operation designed to stop victims from thinking clearly. The first thing to remember is simple: there is no provision for a digital arrest under Indian law. No police officer, CBI official, ED officer or customs authority can legally arrest you over WhatsApp, Skype or a video call. The biggest red flags you cannot miss One of the clearest warning signs is panic. The fraudsters wearing fake police uniforms typically try to scare their victims by accusing them of serious crimes such as drug trafficking, money laundering or financial fraud. The goal is to frighten them into acting before they have time to verify the claims. Then comes the demand for money. Scammers may call it a "security deposit", "verification fee," or even a "temporary bail amount". Whatever the label, it is fraud. Real law enforcement agencies do not settle criminal cases through bank transfers or UPI payments. Isolation is another common tactic. Victims are often told not to speak to family members, lawyers or friends. Some are kept on video calls for hours to prevent outside intervention. Also read | NCERT Emergency chapter draws political fire as Congress and BJP trade barbs: 'Attempt to divert India's history' Red flag #1: A video call from a 'police officer' Red flag #2: Accusations of money laundering or drug trafficking Red flag #3: Pressure to act immediately Red flag #4: Demands for a 'verification fee' or 'security deposit' Red flag #5: Instructions not to contact family or lawyers What should you do if you receive such a call? The answer is straightforward: disconnect immediately. Do not argue. Do not try to prove your innocence. Do not share OTPs, passwords, Aadhaar details or banking information. If the caller claims to represent a government agency, independently verify the claim through official channels. Contact the nearest police station or the department concerned using publicly listed numbers. Most importantly, report the incident. Victims can call the National Cybercrime Helpline on 1930 or file a complaint through the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. Digital arrest scams do not succeed because criminals have sophisticated technology. They succeed because they manipulate human emotions and exploit the fear of law enforcement agencies among people. The moment someone threatens arrest over a video call and demands money, treat it as a scam. The fastest way to protect yourself is often the simplest: hang up.

No police officer can legally arrest you over a video call. Yet thousands of Indians continue to lose money to digital arrest scams because criminals exploit fear, authority and urgency. Here are the red flags that instantly expose the fraud.

How to spot a digital arrest scam before you lose money, 5 red flags you cannot miss | WION Decodes

Doctors, engineers, business owners, retired government officials and even technology professionals have all fallen victim to digital arrest scams. That raises an uncomfortable question: if educated people know about cybercrime, why are they still getting trapped? The answer has less to do with intelligence and more to do with psychology.<h2>The psychology behind Digital arrest scams</h2>Digital arrest scams are designed to create fear before logic has a chance to catch up. Victims are often told they are linked to money laundering, narcotics trafficking or suspicious international transactions.It generally follows a script: A fake police officer appears on screen; Official-looking documents are shared; The victim is warned that they could be arrested within hours.Under intense pressure, many people stop thinking like professionals and start reacting like frightened citizens.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/suspected-terror-plot-targeting-ayodhya-ram-temple-uncovered-man-with-alleged-pakistan-links-arrested-in-karnataka-1782359020050">Terror plot targeting Ayodhya Ram Temple foiled; UP man with alleged Pakistan links arrested in Karnataka</a><h2>Victim profile: Who does digital arrest fraud target?</h2>At a recent Open House Discussion on ‘Safeguarding human rights against digital arrest scams’, National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Chairperson Justice V. Ramasubramanian revealed that Indians have lost about ₹529,760 million (Rs 52,976 crore) to cyber-enabled frauds during the past six years, with nearly 8 per cent or ₹42,380 million (4,238 crore) of the losses attributed to digital arrest scams.Surprisingly, highly educated people end up becoming the victims of this fraud more. Cybersecurity experts say scammers deliberately target educated individuals because they tend to have higher savings, multiple bank accounts and access to larger financial resources.The fraud also exploits a common assumption: that if someone knows personal details such as Aadhaar information, phone numbers or banking records, they must be genuine.In reality, much of this information can be obtained through data leaks, social media profiles or previous fraud operations.<h2>Why the scam works</h2>The fraud follows a predictable script. First comes authority. The caller claims to represent the police, CBI, ED or customs department.Then comes urgency. Victims are told they must act immediately or face arrest.Next comes isolation. They are instructed not to contact family members or lawyers.Finally comes payment. The victim is persuaded to transfer money for "verification" or "security purposes."By the time doubts emerge, the money is often gone. According to Justice Ramasubramanian, in many reported cases, it was found that the scamsters coerced their victims into transferring money by exploiting the fear of law enforcement agencies among people.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/can-india-withstand-another-west-asia-crisis-how-israel-hezbollah-iran-tensions-could-hit-its-energy-security-wion-decodes-1782374369218">Can India withstand another West Asia crisis? How Israel-Hezbollah-Iran tensions could hit its energy security | WION Decodes</a><h2>Can victims recover their money?</h2>Recovery depends largely on speed. Authorities say the first few hours after a fraudulent transfer are critical. Reporting the incident immediately through the cybercrime helpline 1930 or the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal can increase the chances of freezing transactions before funds are moved through multiple accounts.Banks can also intervene if informed quickly.<h2>What should families teach elderly relatives?</h2>Families should repeatedly remind elderly members that no government agency conducts arrests over video calls.&nbsp;They should never share OTPs, passwords or banking details with callers claiming to be officials. If they receive a threatening call, they should disconnect and speak to a trusted family member before taking any action.<h2>The bottom line</h2>Digital arrest scams are not a technology problem alone. They are a trust problem. Fraudsters succeed because they weaponise fear, authority and confusion. That is why awareness remains the strongest defence. The more people understand how these scams work, the harder it becomes for criminals to exploit them.

Doctors, engineers, business owners and even cybersecurity-aware professionals are increasingly becoming victims of digital arrest scams. Experts say the reason has little to do with intelligence and everything to do with psychology. This is the trick you must know to avoid.

Doctors, engineers, business owners, retired government officials and even technology professionals have all fallen victim to digital arrest scams. That raises an uncomfortable question: if educated people know about cybercrime, why are they still getting trapped? The answer has less to do with intelligence and more to do with psychology. The psychology behind Digital arrest scams Digital arrest scams are designed to create fear before logic has a chance to catch up. Victims are often told they are linked to money laundering, narcotics trafficking or suspicious international transactions. It generally follows a script: A fake police officer appears on screen; Official-looking documents are shared; The victim is warned that they could be arrested within hours. Under intense pressure, many people stop thinking like professionals and start reacting like frightened citizens. Also read | Terror plot targeting Ayodhya Ram Temple foiled; UP man with alleged Pakistan links arrested in Karnataka Victim profile: Who does digital arrest fraud target? At a recent Open House Discussion on ‘Safeguarding human rights against digital arrest scams’, National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Chairperson Justice V. Ramasubramanian revealed that Indians have lost about ₹529,760 million (Rs 52,976 crore) to cyber-enabled frauds during the past six years, with nearly 8 per cent or ₹42,380 million (4,238 crore) of the losses attributed to digital arrest scams. Surprisingly, highly educated people end up becoming the victims of this fraud more. Cybersecurity experts say scammers deliberately target educated individuals because they tend to have higher savings, multiple bank accounts and access to larger financial resources. The fraud also exploits a common assumption: that if someone knows personal details such as Aadhaar information, phone numbers or banking records, they must be genuine. In reality, much of this information can be obtained through data leaks, social media profiles or previous fraud operations. Why the scam works The fraud follows a predictable script. First comes authority. The caller claims to represent the police, CBI, ED or customs department. Then comes urgency. Victims are told they must act immediately or face arrest. Next comes isolation. They are instructed not to contact family members or lawyers. Finally comes payment. The victim is persuaded to transfer money for "verification" or "security purposes." By the time doubts emerge, the money is often gone. According to Justice Ramasubramanian, in many reported cases, it was found that the scamsters coerced their victims into transferring money by exploiting the fear of law enforcement agencies among people. Also read | Can India withstand another West Asia crisis? How Israel-Hezbollah-Iran tensions could hit its energy security | WION Decodes Can victims recover their money? Recovery depends largely on speed. Authorities say the first few hours after a fraudulent transfer are critical. Reporting the incident immediately through the cybercrime helpline 1930 or the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal can increase the chances of freezing transactions before funds are moved through multiple accounts. Banks can also intervene if informed quickly. What should families teach elderly relatives? Families should repeatedly remind elderly members that no government agency conducts arrests over video calls. They should never share OTPs, passwords or banking details with callers claiming to be officials. If they receive a threatening call, they should disconnect and speak to a trusted family member before taking any action. The bottom line Digital arrest scams are not a technology problem alone. They are a trust problem. Fraudsters succeed because they weaponise fear, authority and confusion. That is why awareness remains the strongest defence. The more people understand how these scams work, the harder it becomes for criminals to exploit them.

Doctors, engineers, business owners and even cybersecurity-aware professionals are increasingly becoming victims of digital arrest scams. Experts say the reason has little to do with intelligence and everything to do with psychology. This is the trick you must know to avoid.

Digital arrest scam: Doctors, engineers, CEOs - Why smart Indians keep getting trapped by the fraud | WION Decodes

Two powerful earthquakes measuring 7.2 and 7.5 on the Richter scale hit Venezuela on Wednesday evening leaving at least 164 people dead and 971 injured, said acting Venezuelan President Delcy Rodríguez in an update early Thursday. The death toll is likely to rise and is feared to be much higher, given the number of collapsed and damaged buildings, as rescue operations continue.&nbsp;The earthquakes, that have caused large scale destruction, both in terms of live and property struck less than a minute apart. Their epicentres were located about 45 kilometres from each other and occurred at different depths, according to USGS data.&nbsp;ALSO READ: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/trump-climate-rollbacks-2026-why-deregulation-is-triggering-record-courtroom-battles-1782379957186">Trump Climate Rollbacks 2026: Why deregulation is triggering record courtroom battles</a>&nbsp;According to US Geological Survey there is a 44% chance ( figures are based on a predictive model) of the death toll from Venezuela earthquakes exceeding 10,000 people. There is also a 45% chance of the economic costs exceeding $10 billion.<h2>Why does Venezuela observe frequent earthquakes?</h2>&nbsp;Venezuela has been hit by devastation earthquakes in the past too and there are many reasons for this<ul><li>Firstly it sits directly on the active boundary where the Caribbean Plate and the South American Plate grind past each other creating a major strike-slip fault systems, such as the Boconó, San Sebastián, and El Pilar faults that result in frequent, shallow and damaging earthquakes.</li><li>The constant underground friction created by the annual shifting of the Caribbean Plate eastward by about 20 mm relative to the South American Plate is another reason for frequent earthquakes in Venezuela.</li><li>Northern Venezuela does not have one simple boundary, rather, it is crisscrossed by major active faults (like the Boconó Fault) that rupture and release accumulated strain.</li><li>The heavy casualties reported every time a quake hits Venezuela is because the country's &nbsp;80% of population lives along these high-risk seismic zones in northern coastal and mountainous regions.</li><li>Notably, the capital city Caracas that has faced severe damage in terms of live and property sits in deep sedimentary basins, which can trap and significantly amplify seismic waves, increasing structural damage.</li></ul>The 7.5-magnitude quake was the most powerful since October 29, 1900 when a 7.7-magnitude quake struck offshore. &nbsp;At least 30 aftershocks occurred after the main two earthquakes struck the country.&nbsp;In an interview with Venezuela’s state broadcaster, President Delcy Rodríguez said she is coordinating with the United Nations to send rescuers and with the International Monetary Fund to create an initial fund of $200 million for rebuilding the country. &nbsp;

According to US Geological Survey there is a 44% chance ( figures are based on a predictive model) of the death toll from Venezuela earthquakes exceeding 10,000 people.

Two powerful earthquakes measuring 7.2 and 7.5 on the Richter scale hit Venezuela on Wednesday evening leaving at least 164 people dead and 971 injured, said acting Venezuelan President Delcy Rodríguez in an update early Thursday. The death toll is likely to rise and is feared to be much higher, given the number of collapsed and damaged buildings, as rescue operations continue. The earthquakes, that have caused large scale destruction, both in terms of live and property struck less than a minute apart. Their epicentres were located about 45 kilometres from each other and occurred at different depths, according to USGS data. ALSO READ: Trump Climate Rollbacks 2026: Why deregulation is triggering record courtroom battles According to US Geological Survey there is a 44% chance ( figures are based on a predictive model) of the death toll from Venezuela earthquakes exceeding 10,000 people. There is also a 45% chance of the economic costs exceeding $10 billion. Why does Venezuela observe frequent earthquakes? Venezuela has been hit by devastation earthquakes in the past too and there are many reasons for this Firstly it sits directly on the active boundary where the Caribbean Plate and the South American Plate grind past each other creating a major strike-slip fault systems, such as the Boconó, San Sebastián, and El Pilar faults that result in frequent, shallow and damaging earthquakes. The constant underground friction created by the annual shifting of the Caribbean Plate eastward by about 20 mm relative to the South American Plate is another reason for frequent earthquakes in Venezuela. Northern Venezuela does not have one simple boundary, rather, it is crisscrossed by major active faults (like the Boconó Fault) that rupture and release accumulated strain. The heavy casualties reported every time a quake hits Venezuela is because the country's 80% of population lives along these high-risk seismic zones in northern coastal and mountainous regions. Notably, the capital city Caracas that has faced severe damage in terms of live and property sits in deep sedimentary basins, which can trap and significantly amplify seismic waves, increasing structural damage. The 7.5-magnitude quake was the most powerful since October 29, 1900 when a 7.7-magnitude quake struck offshore. At least 30 aftershocks occurred after the main two earthquakes struck the country. In an interview with Venezuela’s state broadcaster, President Delcy Rodríguez said she is coordinating with the United Nations to send rescuers and with the International Monetary Fund to create an initial fund of $200 million for rebuilding the country.

According to US Geological Survey there is a 44% chance ( figures are based on a predictive model) of the death toll from Venezuela earthquakes exceeding 10,000 people.

Why is Venezuela frequently hit by devastating earthquakes? WION Decodes reason behind major seismic events

Period panties have become something of a quiet revolution in menstrual care. They're reusable, eco-friendly, and marketed as comfortable enough to wear for half a day straight. But ask the gynaecologists actually treating women for the infections that follow, and the picture gets murkier.Deepa Vari, who founded the period-panty brand Adira back in 2009, told WION that the product was never meant to carry the full weight of a period in the first place. So, what was it made for? Are period panties safe? WION Decodes.<h2>What are period panties for?</h2>Well, as the name suggests, these are panties you can wear during your menses. While nowadays many brands advertise them as an alternative to other period products like pads, tampons or menstrual cups, they were actually designed as backup. Period panties were supposed to be an extra layer under a pad, tampon, or cup, since even correctly used products can leak."The idea was peace of mind, so that women and girls can move through their day without constantly worrying about leaks, not to turn underwear into the primary place where all the bleeding happens" said Vari.<h2>How much blood can period panties hold?</h2>While regular variants of traditional period products such as pads can absorb about 5–15 ml, tampons 3–7 ml, and cups around 15 ml, period panties hold significantly less.A 2023 study out of Oregon Health &amp; Science University, published in BMJ Sexual &amp; Reproductive Health, tested menstrual products using real human blood rather than the water or saline typically used in older lab testing. Period underwear came out holding the least, roughly 2 mL on average, the lowest of any product in the study.Vari points out that menstrual blood behaves nothing like water; it's thicker, more complex, and saline-based testing simply doesn't capture that.There's a biological angle too. "A healthy vaginal environment is more acidic and relies on lactobacilli to keep BV‑type and odour‑causing bacteria in check."Leave warm, neutral-pH fluid against the skin for too long, Vari warns, and you're creating exactly the environment that throws that balance off. "When we normalise ‘bleed‑into panties’ for many hours at a stretch, we risk holding warm, neutral‑pH fluid against the vulva for prolonged periods, which is exactly the setting that can disturb the microbiome and increase risks like bacterial vaginosis, odour and irritation," she said.<h2>How often should you wash your period panties?</h2>Dr Aishwarya Karthik Nagesh, an obstetrician-gynaecologist at Aster RV Hospital in Bangalore, told WION that she hears the same myths repeatedly from patients that reusable products can go unwashed for stretches, or that "washable" automatically means "safe." Neither holds up. What actually determines safety, she says, is care: "A reusable product that is washed correctly, dried fully, and stored properly is just as hygienic as a disposable one. One that is not cared for properly is not."<h2>What doctors &nbsp;recommend</h2>Absorbency adds another layer of confusion, since not every pair of period panties is built the same; flow and fabric capacity need to match, or comfort and protection both suffer. Dr Smita Kalappa of Apollo Clinic, JP Nagar, breaks it down further. She noted that most period underwear uses breathable cotton or bamboo with layered absorbent cores designed to pull moisture away from skin. But wear them too long, especially on heavier days, and that design works against you; trapped moisture and inconsistent washing routines raise the odds of irritation and bacterial growth. For light to moderate flow, she says, they're generally fine alone; for heavier days, pairing them with another product is the safer bet.Dr Thejaswini J., an obstetrician at Motherhood Hospitals in Electronic City, Bengaluru, puts a number on it: cap wear time at eight to twelve hours. Beyond that, the "specific fabric technology in period pants used to soak up fluid can also increase body temperature and humidity," she said.<h2>So, are period panties something you should avoid?</h2>No, none of this makes period panties a bad product. It just means the marketing promise, wear them all day, worry-free was never quite the medical reality.

Period panties are often marketed as an all-day alternative to pads, tampons and menstrual cups. But experts say they were originally designed as backup protection against leaks, not as the sole product for managing menstrual flow. WION Decodes how to use the period product safely.

Period panties have become something of a quiet revolution in menstrual care. They're reusable, eco-friendly, and marketed as comfortable enough to wear for half a day straight. But ask the gynaecologists actually treating women for the infections that follow, and the picture gets murkier. Deepa Vari, who founded the period-panty brand Adira back in 2009, told WION that the product was never meant to carry the full weight of a period in the first place. So, what was it made for? Are period panties safe? WION Decodes. What are period panties for? Well, as the name suggests, these are panties you can wear during your menses. While nowadays many brands advertise them as an alternative to other period products like pads, tampons or menstrual cups, they were actually designed as backup. Period panties were supposed to be an extra layer under a pad, tampon, or cup, since even correctly used products can leak. "The idea was peace of mind, so that women and girls can move through their day without constantly worrying about leaks, not to turn underwear into the primary place where all the bleeding happens" said Vari. How much blood can period panties hold? While regular variants of traditional period products such as pads can absorb about 5–15 ml, tampons 3–7 ml, and cups around 15 ml, period panties hold significantly less. A 2023 study out of Oregon Health & Science University, published in BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health, tested menstrual products using real human blood rather than the water or saline typically used in older lab testing. Period underwear came out holding the least, roughly 2 mL on average, the lowest of any product in the study. Vari points out that menstrual blood behaves nothing like water; it's thicker, more complex, and saline-based testing simply doesn't capture that. There's a biological angle too. "A healthy vaginal environment is more acidic and relies on lactobacilli to keep BV‑type and odour‑causing bacteria in check." Leave warm, neutral-pH fluid against the skin for too long, Vari warns, and you're creating exactly the environment that throws that balance off. "When we normalise ‘bleed‑into panties’ for many hours at a stretch, we risk holding warm, neutral‑pH fluid against the vulva for prolonged periods, which is exactly the setting that can disturb the microbiome and increase risks like bacterial vaginosis, odour and irritation," she said. How often should you wash your period panties? Dr Aishwarya Karthik Nagesh, an obstetrician-gynaecologist at Aster RV Hospital in Bangalore, told WION that she hears the same myths repeatedly from patients that reusable products can go unwashed for stretches, or that "washable" automatically means "safe." Neither holds up. What actually determines safety, she says, is care: "A reusable product that is washed correctly, dried fully, and stored properly is just as hygienic as a disposable one. One that is not cared for properly is not." What doctors recommend Absorbency adds another layer of confusion, since not every pair of period panties is built the same; flow and fabric capacity need to match, or comfort and protection both suffer. Dr Smita Kalappa of Apollo Clinic, JP Nagar, breaks it down further. She noted that most period underwear uses breathable cotton or bamboo with layered absorbent cores designed to pull moisture away from skin. But wear them too long, especially on heavier days, and that design works against you; trapped moisture and inconsistent washing routines raise the odds of irritation and bacterial growth. For light to moderate flow, she says, they're generally fine alone; for heavier days, pairing them with another product is the safer bet. Dr Thejaswini J., an obstetrician at Motherhood Hospitals in Electronic City, Bengaluru, puts a number on it: cap wear time at eight to twelve hours. Beyond that, the "specific fabric technology in period pants used to soak up fluid can also increase body temperature and humidity," she said. So, are period panties something you should avoid? No, none of this makes period panties a bad product. It just means the marketing promise, wear them all day, worry-free was never quite the medical reality.

Period panties are often marketed as an all-day alternative to pads, tampons and menstrual cups. But experts say they were originally designed as backup protection against leaks, not as the sole product for managing menstrual flow. WION Decodes how to use the period product safely.

Can you really wear period panties all day? Doctors tell WION it's not that simple | WION Decodes

The first round of high-level talks between the United States and Iran aimed at ending the wider Middle East conflict has concluded in Switzerland, with mediators Pakistan and Qatar describing the discussions as "positive and constructive". After a marathon 8-hour session, negotiators shared a joint statement on what happened at the talks.While they stopped short of announcing a final breakthrough, negotiators suggested that the talks produced the clearest roadmap yet for a potential agreement. These vital talks between Washington and Tehran come after months of war, regional instability and economic disruption. WION Decodes what happened at the first round of negotiations and what will happen going forward.<h2>What happened?</h2>The negotiations took place at the Lake Lucerne Summit in Burgenstock, Switzerland, under the framework of the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), the agreement reached earlier to halt hostilities and create a pathway toward a broader settlement.According to a joint statement issued by Pakistan and Qatar, both sides agreed to continue discussions and established several new mechanisms designed to keep negotiations moving forward.

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Joint Statement by the State of Qatar and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Regarding The Conclusion of Lake Lucerne Summit, First High-Level Committee Meeting with Participation of the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran Lucerne | June 22, 2026 The first… <a href="https://t.co/bLVpaR2uua">pic.twitter.com/bLVpaR2uua</a>&mdash; Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Qatar (@MofaQatar_EN) <a href="https://x.com/MofaQatar_EN/status/2068863423987778035?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 22, 2026</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.x.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">🔊PR No: 1️⃣5️⃣1️⃣/2️⃣0️⃣2️⃣6️⃣ Joint Statement by the State of Qatar and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Regarding the Conclusion of Lake Lucerne Summit, First High-Level Committee Meeting with Participation of the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran <a href="https://t.co/2G3PAf7LVY">pic.twitter.com/2G3PAf7LVY</a>&mdash; Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Pakistan (@ForeignOfficePk) <a href="https://x.com/ForeignOfficePk/status/2068863783637057739?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 22, 2026</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.x.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

The biggest outcome was the creation of a High-Level Committee that will oversee the mediation process and provide political guidance to negotiators.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/iran-s-araghchi-says-switzerland-talks-delivered-major-progress-on-sanctions-oil-exports-1782093628417">Iran's Araghchi says Switzerland talks delivered 'major progress' on sanctions, oil exports</a><h2>Who was involved in the talks?</h2>The talks brought together delegations from the United States and Iran, with Pakistan and Qatar acting as mediators.Here's a look at the delegates who were present for the negotiations:<h3>Iranian Delegation</h3><ul><li>Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf - Speaker of the Iranian Parliament, Head of Delegation</li><li>Abbas Araghchi - Foreign Minister, Chief Diplomatic Negotiator</li><li>Esmaeil Baghaei - Foreign Ministry Spokesperson</li><li>Ali Bagheri Kani - Deputy Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council</li><li>Abdolnasser Hemmati - Head of Economic and Banking Committee</li><li>Hamid Bord - Head of Energy and Oil Committee</li></ul><h3>United States Delegation</h3><ul><li>JD Vance - Vice President of the United States, Head of Delegation</li><li>Steve Witkoff - White House Special Envoy</li><li>Jared Kushner - Senior Adviser and Special Envoy</li></ul>Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/children-of-minab-are-watching-us-iran-s-ghalibaf-arrives-in-switzerland-for-talks-with-us-1782012769144">'Children of Minab are watching us': Iran's Ghalibaf arrives in Switzerland for talks with US</a><h3>Pakistan (mediator)</h3><ul><li>Shehbaz Sharif - Prime Minister of Pakistan</li><li>Syed Asim Munir - Field Marshal and Chief of Defence Forces</li></ul><h3>Qatar (mediator)</h3><ul><li>Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani - Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Qatar</li><li>Senior Qatari diplomatic officials</li></ul><h3>Switzerland (host nation)</h3><ul><li>Ignazio Cassis - Swiss Foreign Minister Swiss diplomatic facilitation team</li></ul><h3>International/Technical Presence</h3><ul><li>Rafael Grossi - IAEA Director General (attending sidelines and technical consultations)</li></ul>Total known participants: Around 15-20 senior political, diplomatic, security, economic and technical officials across the delegations and mediation teams.<h2>Where do the negotiations go from here?</h2>The newly formed High-Level Committee has agreed on a roadmap aimed at reaching a final agreement within 60 days. Several working groups will now begin technical discussions on key issues, including:<ul><li>Iran's nuclear programme</li><li>Sanctions relief</li><li>Monitoring and dispute resolution mechanisms</li><li>Regional security arrangements</li></ul>Technical talks are expected to continue throughout the week in Switzerland.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-iran-peace-deal-inside-the-14-point-mou-that-ended-over-108-days-of-war-wion-decodes-donald-trump-mojtaba-khamenei-benjamin-netanyahu-lebanon-1781513800001">US-Iran peace deal: Inside the 14-point MoU that ended over 108 days of war | WION Decodes</a><h2>Why are these talks important?</h2>The negotiations come after months of conflict involving Iran, Israel and the United States. The crisis had rattled global energy markets and disrupted shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, driving oil and crude prices to alarming highs.One of the most significant developments announced was the creation of a direct communication line between Washington and Tehran to "avoid incidents and miscommunication" with the aim of safe passage for commercial vessels through the Strait of Hormuz.A separate de-confliction cell involving Iran, the US and Lebanon has also been established to monitor the cessation of military operations in Lebanon.<h2>How is Iran describing the outcome?</h2>Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi struck an optimistic tone following the talks.In a post on X, he claimed that Pakistani and Qatari mediation had delivered "major progress" and suggested that several economic concessions were already emerging from the process.According to Araghchi, restrictions affecting Iran's oil and petrochemical exports are being eased, some frozen Iranian assets are set to be released, and a major reconstruction and development programme for Iran is being launched.

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Tireless Pakistani and Qatari mediation has delivered major progress to end Lebanon War. Oil and petrochem exports are waived, blockade lifted, some frozen assets released, and major reconstruction &amp; development plan launched for Iran. 1st real test: Lebanon deconfliction cell <a href="https://t.co/q0okD2qwSO">https://t.co/q0okD2qwSO</a>&mdash; Seyed Abbas Araghchi (@araghchi) <a href="https://x.com/araghchi/status/2068866564997206221?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 22, 2026</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.x.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

<h2>What remains unresolved?</h2>Despite the positive language, major questions remain unanswered.Neither side has publicly detailed the scope of sanctions relief, the future of Iran's uranium enrichment activities, or the exact timeline for implementing commitments under the MoU.The next few weeks will likely determine whether the momentum generated in Switzerland can be converted into a lasting agreement or whether familiar disagreements once again restart the war. For now, both sides appear committed to diplomacy, but the hardest part of the negotiations may still lie ahead.

After an eight-hour negotiating marathon in Switzerland, the United States and Iran agreed on a roadmap for further talks and created a new High-Level Committee to oversee negotiations. Here's all you need to know about the Lake Lucerne Summit and the road ahead.

The first round of high-level talks between the United States and Iran aimed at ending the wider Middle East conflict has concluded in Switzerland, with mediators Pakistan and Qatar describing the discussions as "positive and constructive". After a marathon 8-hour session, negotiators shared a joint statement on what happened at the talks. While they stopped short of announcing a final breakthrough, negotiators suggested that the talks produced the clearest roadmap yet for a potential agreement. These vital talks between Washington and Tehran come after months of war, regional instability and economic disruption. WION Decodes what happened at the first round of negotiations and what will happen going forward. What happened? The negotiations took place at the Lake Lucerne Summit in Burgenstock, Switzerland, under the framework of the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), the agreement reached earlier to halt hostilities and create a pathway toward a broader settlement. According to a joint statement issued by Pakistan and Qatar, both sides agreed to continue discussions and established several new mechanisms designed to keep negotiations moving forward.

After an eight-hour negotiating marathon in Switzerland, the United States and Iran agreed on a roadmap for further talks and created a new High-Level Committee to oversee negotiations. Here's all you need to know about the Lake Lucerne Summit and the road ahead.

Lake Lucerne Summit: First US-Iran talks in Switzerland end with cautious optimism. What was agreed and what comes next? | WION Decodes

Long before world leaders begin discussing wars, trade and diplomacy at the G7 summit in Évian-les-Bains, thousands of security personnel from two countries had already launched one of the largest security operations seen in the region in years.Nestled between Lake Geneva and the French Alps, the picturesque resort town of Évian presented a unique challenge for planners. Leaders will arrive through Switzerland, some delegations will stay on Swiss territory, while the summit itself takes place in France. Securing the event has therefore required an unprecedented level of cross-border coordination. How was this feat achieved? All you need to know about how Evian was turned into a fortress.<h2>How Évian became a fortress</h2>Behind the diplomatic photo opportunities and summit communiqués was a vast security operation stretching across two countries, thousands of personnel and an entire region transformed into a temporary fortress.<h2>Why 21,000 security personnel were deployed</h2>French authorities deployed nearly 16,000 personnel, including police officers, gendarmes, soldiers, firefighters and border guards. French personnel handled the immediate protection layer around the summit, with reinforced security zones covering Evian, nearby Thonon-les-Bains and the main transport routes.During the summit, security teams patrolled by land, air and water, using motorcycles, patrol boats, drones, mounted police units and sniffer dogs.The operation reflects more than just the scale of the summit. Officials say they are preparing for a range of threats, from terrorism and cyberattacks to sabotage attempts and public unrest. According to government prefect Emmanuelle Dubee, the deployment was to address "the risk linked to the extremely tense international context", the "terror threat, which remains high in France", the "risk of sabotage and cyber-attacks", and "public order disturbances".Perhaps the most visible element of the security architecture is the air defence network that was built above the summit. Around 300 French Air Force personnel were tasked with creating what officials describe as a protective "bubble" around the venue.<h2>A rare France-Switzerland security partnership</h2>Additionally, French and Swiss forces jointly deployed radar systems, military aircraft, surface-to-air defence assets and counter-drone technology designed to detect and neutralise aerial threats.Across the border, Switzerland authorised the deployment of up to 5,000 military personnel, with roughly 4,000 active throughout the summit period. Swiss troops operated on land, in the air and across Lake Geneva, coordinating closely with French counterparts.<h2>Why officials still remember the 2003 G8 riots</h2>The security preparations are also shaped by history, reported AFP. When Évian hosted the G8 summit in 2003, demonstrations spilled into nearby Swiss cities including Geneva and Lausanne, where riots, looting and clashes with police caused widespread damage. Two decades later, memories of those events continue to influence planning.This year, authorities also faced an early test with large anti-G7 demonstration scheduled in Geneva on the eve of the summit. While organisers insisted the protest will remain peaceful, early on businesses began boarding up shopfronts and security agencies closely monitored the possibility of radical groups attempting to infiltrate the march.<h2>Life under lockdown for local residents</h2>For residents on both sides of the border, the summit brought road closures, enhanced border checks, restricted airspace and heavy police presence.&nbsp;

Before world leaders arrived in Évian for the G7 summit, France and Switzerland had already launched a massive cross-border security operation involving 21,000 personnel, fighter jets, air-defence systems, drones and enhanced border controls. Here's how they turned Évian into a fortress.

Long before world leaders begin discussing wars, trade and diplomacy at the G7 summit in Évian-les-Bains, thousands of security personnel from two countries had already launched one of the largest security operations seen in the region in years. Nestled between Lake Geneva and the French Alps, the picturesque resort town of Évian presented a unique challenge for planners. Leaders will arrive through Switzerland, some delegations will stay on Swiss territory, while the summit itself takes place in France. Securing the event has therefore required an unprecedented level of cross-border coordination. How was this feat achieved? All you need to know about how Evian was turned into a fortress. How Évian became a fortress Behind the diplomatic photo opportunities and summit communiqués was a vast security operation stretching across two countries, thousands of personnel and an entire region transformed into a temporary fortress. Why 21,000 security personnel were deployed French authorities deployed nearly 16,000 personnel, including police officers, gendarmes, soldiers, firefighters and border guards. French personnel handled the immediate protection layer around the summit, with reinforced security zones covering Evian, nearby Thonon-les-Bains and the main transport routes. During the summit, security teams patrolled by land, air and water, using motorcycles, patrol boats, drones, mounted police units and sniffer dogs. The operation reflects more than just the scale of the summit. Officials say they are preparing for a range of threats, from terrorism and cyberattacks to sabotage attempts and public unrest. According to government prefect Emmanuelle Dubee, the deployment was to address "the risk linked to the extremely tense international context", the "terror threat, which remains high in France", the "risk of sabotage and cyber-attacks", and "public order disturbances". Perhaps the most visible element of the security architecture is the air defence network that was built above the summit. Around 300 French Air Force personnel were tasked with creating what officials describe as a protective "bubble" around the venue. A rare France-Switzerland security partnership Additionally, French and Swiss forces jointly deployed radar systems, military aircraft, surface-to-air defence assets and counter-drone technology designed to detect and neutralise aerial threats. Across the border, Switzerland authorised the deployment of up to 5,000 military personnel, with roughly 4,000 active throughout the summit period. Swiss troops operated on land, in the air and across Lake Geneva, coordinating closely with French counterparts. Why officials still remember the 2003 G8 riots The security preparations are also shaped by history, reported AFP. When Évian hosted the G8 summit in 2003, demonstrations spilled into nearby Swiss cities including Geneva and Lausanne, where riots, looting and clashes with police caused widespread damage. Two decades later, memories of those events continue to influence planning. This year, authorities also faced an early test with large anti-G7 demonstration scheduled in Geneva on the eve of the summit. While organisers insisted the protest will remain peaceful, early on businesses began boarding up shopfronts and security agencies closely monitored the possibility of radical groups attempting to infiltrate the march. Life under lockdown for local residents For residents on both sides of the border, the summit brought road closures, enhanced border checks, restricted airspace and heavy police presence.

Before world leaders arrived in Évian for the G7 summit, France and Switzerland had already launched a massive cross-border security operation involving 21,000 personnel, fighter jets, air-defence systems, drones and enhanced border controls. Here's how they turned Évian into a fortress.

Fortress Évian: Inside the massive security operation for G7 summit

The much-anticipated 52nd Group of Seven or G7 Summit is set to begin next week in France, where global leaders will hold dialogue to strengthen multilateral cooperation and discuss the world’s most pressing issues. The summit will be held on 15-17 June 2026 in Évian-les-Bains, Haute-Savoie, marking the second time the location has hosted the group. As member nations, along with invited participants, prepare to take part in the annual summit, one country has remained out of it. China, which is not a member of the G7, does not participate as a core member in the group’s official summits. While it occasionally engages in diplomatic and economic dialogues, it has largely remained absent from the meetings.The question remains: why is China not part of the key G7 group despite being the world’s second-largest economy, a major global power, and continuing to influence nearly every major discussion among its members?To answer the question why China has been excluded from the G7 meetings, we have to understand the group’s origin, history and purpose.<h2>How was the G7 formed?</h2>The origins of the Group of Seven trace back to 1975, when leading industrialised democracies established an informal platform for cooperation amid the economic disruptions caused by the 1973 oil crisis. The group, originally called G6, was established with six members, including France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, at a summit in Rambouillet, France. In 1976, Canada was formally added to the coalition. The European Community (now the European Union) was included in the group in 1981.In 1997, Russia was admitted to the group, briefly making it the G8. However, Moscow’s membership was suspended in 2014 after its annexation of Crimea, and the bloc returned to its G7 format.Notably, at that time, China had a largely closed economy and was still years away from the market reforms that would turn it into one of the world’s leading industrialised nations. Moreover, G7 was not intended to include every large economy but rather nations with shared values on industrial development, market-based economies and democratic political systems – criteria that China did not fit then.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/from-debt-to-ai-the-global-south-s-wishlist-for-the-g7-summit-wion-decodes-1781360595260">From debt to AI: The Global South’s wishlist for the G7 Summit | WION Decodes</a><h2>Why can’t China still be invited?</h2>Even though China is the world’s second-largest economy, it still differs from the G7 core ideology. Membership is not based solely on economic size. The G7 is also a political grouping of advanced democracies. China’s one-party political system differs fundamentally from the democratic governance structures of G7 nations, making membership unlikely despite its economic influence.<h2>China’s influence on G7</h2>Over the years, China has become one of the most influential players in global discussions. On the economic front, China is a key trading partner for many G7 nations, being the world’s largest exporter and manufacturer, accounting for roughly 30 per cent of global output. It also plays a central role in global supply chains, producing a range of products like consumer electronics, industrial machinery, electric vehicle batteries, solar panels, and more. As a result, G7 discussions over trade, manufacturing, industrial policy, economic security and inflation have often been dominated by China.In recent years, G7 leaders have increasingly stressed “de-risking”, seeking to reduce dependence on Chinese supply chains. The idea is to limit strategic vulnerabilities without severing economic ties with one of the world’s most important markets.Apart from economics, Beijing is also shaping security discussions with key issues, including tensions in the Taiwan Strait, military activity in the South China Sea, cybersecurity threats and technological competition. With Taiwan becoming a major market for the semiconductor industry, any disruption in the region could have adverse consequences for several industries worldwide, from automobiles and smartphones to artificial intelligence and defence systems.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/pm-modi-in-europe-what-are-india-s-objectives-at-the-g7-summit-1781594601788">PM Modi in Europe: What are India’s objectives at the G7 Summit?</a>Although China is not a member of the G7, it is shaping many of its discussions. Whether it is supply chains, artificial intelligence, technology, climate goals, critical minerals, trade imbalances or regional security, Beijing’s presence is impossible to ignore in key international meetings.While being absent from the G7, China is one of the founding members of the Group of Twenty or G20, which comprises G7 members and other major emerging economies and regional unions. In contrast to the G7, which reflects the post-World War II economic order, the G20 reflects the modern global economy. Apart from China, the group includes emerging powers including India, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa.WATCH | G7 Summit 2026: World Leaders Gather For The High Stakes Summit In Evian-Les-Bains <a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/g7-summit-2026-world-leaders-gather-for-the-high-stakes-summit-in-evian-les-bains-1781592997144/embed/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/g7-summit-2026-world-leaders-gather-for-the-high-stakes-summit-in-evian-les-bains-1781592997144/embed/embed</a>&nbsp;

China may not have a seat at the G7 table, but its economic reach, strategic influence and global role ensure it remains central to many of the issues world leaders discuss. 

The much-anticipated 52nd Group of Seven or G7 Summit is set to begin next week in France, where global leaders will hold dialogue to strengthen multilateral cooperation and discuss the world’s most pressing issues. The summit will be held on 15-17 June 2026 in Évian-les-Bains, Haute-Savoie, marking the second time the location has hosted the group. As member nations, along with invited participants, prepare to take part in the annual summit, one country has remained out of it. China, which is not a member of the G7, does not participate as a core member in the group’s official summits. While it occasionally engages in diplomatic and economic dialogues, it has largely remained absent from the meetings. The question remains: why is China not part of the key G7 group despite being the world’s second-largest economy, a major global power, and continuing to influence nearly every major discussion among its members? To answer the question why China has been excluded from the G7 meetings, we have to understand the group’s origin, history and purpose. How was the G7 formed? The origins of the Group of Seven trace back to 1975, when leading industrialised democracies established an informal platform for cooperation amid the economic disruptions caused by the 1973 oil crisis. The group, originally called G6, was established with six members, including France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, at a summit in Rambouillet, France. In 1976, Canada was formally added to the coalition. The European Community (now the European Union) was included in the group in 1981. In 1997, Russia was admitted to the group, briefly making it the G8. However, Moscow’s membership was suspended in 2014 after its annexation of Crimea, and the bloc returned to its G7 format. Notably, at that time, China had a largely closed economy and was still years away from the market reforms that would turn it into one of the world’s leading industrialised nations. Moreover, G7 was not intended to include every large economy but rather nations with shared values on industrial development, market-based economies and democratic political systems – criteria that China did not fit then. Also read | From debt to AI: The Global South’s wishlist for the G7 Summit | WION Decodes Why can’t China still be invited? Even though China is the world’s second-largest economy, it still differs from the G7 core ideology. Membership is not based solely on economic size. The G7 is also a political grouping of advanced democracies. China’s one-party political system differs fundamentally from the democratic governance structures of G7 nations, making membership unlikely despite its economic influence. China’s influence on G7 Over the years, China has become one of the most influential players in global discussions. On the economic front, China is a key trading partner for many G7 nations, being the world’s largest exporter and manufacturer, accounting for roughly 30 per cent of global output. It also plays a central role in global supply chains, producing a range of products like consumer electronics, industrial machinery, electric vehicle batteries, solar panels, and more. As a result, G7 discussions over trade, manufacturing, industrial policy, economic security and inflation have often been dominated by China. In recent years, G7 leaders have increasingly stressed “de-risking”, seeking to reduce dependence on Chinese supply chains. The idea is to limit strategic vulnerabilities without severing economic ties with one of the world’s most important markets. Apart from economics, Beijing is also shaping security discussions with key issues, including tensions in the Taiwan Strait, military activity in the South China Sea, cybersecurity threats and technological competition. With Taiwan becoming a major market for the semiconductor industry, any disruption in the region could have adverse consequences for several industries worldwide, from automobiles and smartphones to artificial intelligence and defence systems. Also read | PM Modi in Europe: What are India’s objectives at the G7 Summit? Although China is not a member of the G7, it is shaping many of its discussions. Whether it is supply chains, artificial intelligence, technology, climate goals, critical minerals, trade imbalances or regional security, Beijing’s presence is impossible to ignore in key international meetings. While being absent from the G7, China is one of the founding members of the Group of Twenty or G20, which comprises G7 members and other major emerging economies and regional unions. In contrast to the G7, which reflects the post-World War II economic order, the G20 reflects the modern global economy. Apart from China, the group includes emerging powers including India, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa. WATCH | G7 Summit 2026: World Leaders Gather For The High Stakes Summit In Evian-Les-Bains https://www.wionews.com/videos/g7-summit-2026-world-leaders-gather-for-the-high-stakes-summit-in-evian-les-bains-1781592997144/embed/embed

China may not have a seat at the G7 table, but its economic reach, strategic influence and global role ensure it remains central to many of the issues world leaders discuss. Here’s what you need to know.

Why China isn’t in the G7 – and why it still looms over every discussion | WION Decodes

The International Space Station has been quietly leaking air into space for nearly seven years. What started as a minor issue in 2019 has now turned into a significantly concerning issue on the orbiting lab. Despite multiple repair attempts, patches, and continuous monitoring, the leak has never been permanently fixed. The problem has gained renewed focus when new leaks were detected in the same region. But the question remains, why is the leak still not fixed despite causing trouble for nearly a decade now?On Friday (Jun 5), astronauts were briefly placed on alert and instructed to follow “safe haven” procedures, moving into the docked SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft to prepare for a potential emergency evacuation if conditions worsened. While the situation was stabilised and no evacuation was ultimately required, the incident underscored a troubling reality: this is not a resolved issue, but an ongoing one.The leak originates from the Russian Zvezda module, specifically in a transfer tunnel used for docking spacecraft. Over time, engineers have identified not one but multiple microscopic cracks in the station’s structure that expand and shift under stress. The ISS is not dealing with a single failure, but an evolving one.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/the-science-behind-why-you-keep-scrolling-and-how-it-rewires-your-brain-1781455009989">The science behind why you keep scrolling – and how it rewires your brain</a><h2>Why is ISS experiencing leaks?</h2>In the unforgiving space environment for materials, the lab experiences extreme temperature changes, from roughly -150 degrees Celcius in shadow to over 120 degrees Celsius in sunlight. Constant pressurisation cycle and decades of use also result in metal fatigue. In addition, small imperfections in welds or structure can slowly grow into cracks, and those cracks can turn into leaks. Being more than 25 years in orbit, way beyond its intended design life, the ISS is showing its age.<h2>Why is repairing leaks on ISS so complex?</h2>Repairing damage on a space lab is far more complex than repairing any other structure when on land. On Earth, engineers could disassemble parts, replace components, or apply precise fixes under controlled conditions. In orbit, none of that is possible. Astronauts must work in microgravity, where liquids like sealants behave unpredictably. Repairs are often carried out from inside the station using epoxy-like materials, which can temporarily plug leaks but cannot restore structural integrity. External repairs require spacewalks, which are risky, expensive, and limited in scope.Complicating matters further is the uncertainty around the exact cause. Even after years of investigation, engineers have not reached a definitive conclusion. It is not known whether it is a manufacturing defect, stress from repeated docking, or simply long-term degradation. Without a clear root cause, any fix becomes a form of trial and error rather than a permanent solution.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/wion-decodes-why-does-coffee-calm-some-people-instead-of-waking-them-up-here-s-what-science-says-1780995139137">WION Decodes | Why does coffee calm some people instead of waking them up? Here’s what science says</a><h2>Not just a technical issue</h2>The issue is not merely a technical issue, but also a political one. The leak is located in the Russian segment of the ISS, which would require coordination between NASA and Roscosmos. Differences in assessment and approach can slow decision-making. Meanwhile, the station is expected to be retired around 2030, which raises a question of whether it is even worth investing in a complex and high-risk permanent fix.As a result, space agencies have resorted to adopting a strategy of risk management. The leaking section can be isolated by closing hatches, and astronauts are trained to respond quickly in case of worsening conditions. The station continues to function safely, even with a small, controlled loss of air.WATCH | G7 Summit 2026: World Leaders Gather For The High Stakes Summit In Evian-Les-Bains <a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/g7-summit-2026-world-leaders-gather-for-the-high-stakes-summit-in-evian-les-bains-1781592997144/embed/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/g7-summit-2026-world-leaders-gather-for-the-high-stakes-summit-in-evian-les-bains-1781592997144/embed/embed</a>

The International Space Station is facing renewed concern over a persistent air leak first detected in 2019. Why haven’t the space agencies fixed it for nearly seven years? Here’s everything you need to know.

The International Space Station has been quietly leaking air into space for nearly seven years. What started as a minor issue in 2019 has now turned into a significantly concerning issue on the orbiting lab. Despite multiple repair attempts, patches, and continuous monitoring, the leak has never been permanently fixed. The problem has gained renewed focus when new leaks were detected in the same region. But the question remains, why is the leak still not fixed despite causing trouble for nearly a decade now? On Friday (Jun 5), astronauts were briefly placed on alert and instructed to follow “safe haven” procedures, moving into the docked SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft to prepare for a potential emergency evacuation if conditions worsened. While the situation was stabilised and no evacuation was ultimately required, the incident underscored a troubling reality: this is not a resolved issue, but an ongoing one. The leak originates from the Russian Zvezda module, specifically in a transfer tunnel used for docking spacecraft. Over time, engineers have identified not one but multiple microscopic cracks in the station’s structure that expand and shift under stress. The ISS is not dealing with a single failure, but an evolving one. Also read | The science behind why you keep scrolling – and how it rewires your brain Why is ISS experiencing leaks? In the unforgiving space environment for materials, the lab experiences extreme temperature changes, from roughly -150 degrees Celcius in shadow to over 120 degrees Celsius in sunlight. Constant pressurisation cycle and decades of use also result in metal fatigue. In addition, small imperfections in welds or structure can slowly grow into cracks, and those cracks can turn into leaks. Being more than 25 years in orbit, way beyond its intended design life, the ISS is showing its age. Why is repairing leaks on ISS so complex? Repairing damage on a space lab is far more complex than repairing any other structure when on land. On Earth, engineers could disassemble parts, replace components, or apply precise fixes under controlled conditions. In orbit, none of that is possible. Astronauts must work in microgravity, where liquids like sealants behave unpredictably. Repairs are often carried out from inside the station using epoxy-like materials, which can temporarily plug leaks but cannot restore structural integrity. External repairs require spacewalks, which are risky, expensive, and limited in scope. Complicating matters further is the uncertainty around the exact cause. Even after years of investigation, engineers have not reached a definitive conclusion. It is not known whether it is a manufacturing defect, stress from repeated docking, or simply long-term degradation. Without a clear root cause, any fix becomes a form of trial and error rather than a permanent solution. Also read | WION Decodes | Why does coffee calm some people instead of waking them up? Here’s what science says Not just a technical issue The issue is not merely a technical issue, but also a political one. The leak is located in the Russian segment of the ISS, which would require coordination between NASA and Roscosmos. Differences in assessment and approach can slow decision-making. Meanwhile, the station is expected to be retired around 2030, which raises a question of whether it is even worth investing in a complex and high-risk permanent fix. As a result, space agencies have resorted to adopting a strategy of risk management. The leaking section can be isolated by closing hatches, and astronauts are trained to respond quickly in case of worsening conditions. The station continues to function safely, even with a small, controlled loss of air. WATCH | G7 Summit 2026: World Leaders Gather For The High Stakes Summit In Evian-Les-Bains https://www.wionews.com/videos/g7-summit-2026-world-leaders-gather-for-the-high-stakes-summit-in-evian-les-bains-1781592997144/embed/embed

The International Space Station is facing renewed concern over a persistent air leak first detected in 2019. Why haven’t the space agencies fixed it for nearly seven years? Here’s everything you need to know.

WION Decodes | ISS has been leaking for nearly 7 years – Why haven’t we fixed it?

Myanmar President Min Aung Hlaing met Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi this week and assured that his country’s territory would not be used against India’s security interests. New Delhi responded with warmth and PM Modi underlined the importance of three of India's signature foreign policy doctrines - &nbsp;Neighbourhood First, Act East, MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions) framework. The Indian PM also reaffirmed India's commitment to Myanmar's sovereignty and territorial integrity.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/death-penalty-law-suu-kyi-s-absence-inside-myanmar-s-free-fair-elections-amid-civil-war-has-india-sent-observers-1766894145473">Death penalty law, Suu Kyi’s absence: Myanmar’s ‘free, fair’ elections amid civil war</a>&nbsp;The language used by Myanmar reflected New Delhi's long-standing concern about insurgent groups operating along the porous India-Myanmar border, while India's wordings were carefully carved keeping in sight the current resistance faced by Myanmar military government across large stretches of its territory, including areas bordering India's northeast. The development also comes at a time when China is attempting to spread its influence in the world by portraying itself the most dominant power in the Southeast Asia.<h2>Who controls the key border areas?&nbsp;</h2>Experts argue the statement by Myanmar's president is not easy to implement as reality on the ground is complicated. Aishwaria Sonawane, Research Analyst at the Takshashila Institution, explains that Myanmar's military junta does not exercise effective control over several border regions and it is the ethnic armed groups that are in control. "This creates a security vacuum that could potentially facilitate insurgent sanctuaries and other illicit cross-border activities."&nbsp;&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/myanmar-president-u-min-aung-hlaing-arrives-in-india-visits-bihar-s-bodh-gaya-1780142822720">Myanmar President U Min Aung Hlaing arrives in India, visits Bihar’s Bodh Gaya</a>&nbsp;Cchavi Vasisht, a senior research associate at Chintan Research Foundation, delves deeper and points out that the ethnic armed groups have been more active and powerful since Myanmar's military takeover. Large stretches of territory are now controlled by Ethnic Armed Organisations (EAOs), she says. EAOs are essentially anti-junta coalition of several groups with the pro-democracy People's Defence Force (PDF). "For decades, this border was managed through diplomatic engagement with Naypyidaw and bilateral security cooperation with the military. But now these borders are controlled by EAOs. And to secure its interests, India is engaging with both the military leaders and thereby the govt in power as well as EAOs who control these territories," Vasisht adds.&nbsp;&nbsp;She notes that India's also engages with EAOs and that is not only driven by security concerns but also by strategic connectivity interests. "The Kaladan project's completion, for instance, depends not just on Naypyidaw's political will but on the Arakan Army's continued administrative stability over the corridor." This, she says, explains India's dual-track approach of maintaining ties with the Myanmar's political establishment while simultaneously engaging with EAOs. Sonawane says that though the threat is not acute for New Delhi at present, but it retains the potential to become a regional security concern given a severe vacuum of central authority in Naypyidaw and the Myanmar military's incapability to police these areas.<h2>Involvement of foreign fighters?</h2>In March, India's National Investigation Agency (NIA) arrested six Ukrainian nationals and one American (identified as Matthew VanDyke) on allegations of illegally entering India's northeastern border to train anti-junta ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar in drone warfare and combat tactics. Investigators alleged the group entered India on tourist visas, travelled to the border state of Mizoram without required permits, and used it as a logistics base and transit route to cross into Myanmar's Chin State. Referring to the case, Vasisht highlights how Myanmar's conflict is increasingly attracting foreign fighters and transnational networks. “Myanmar's civil war is now attracting foreign fighters, and arms supply networks that are using Indian territory as a transit corridor. Though arms supply has been a concern since 1960s, the involvement of foreign fighters is a new threat India is facing.”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/myanmar-president-begins-india-visit-visits-sacred-mahabodhi-temple-in-gaya-1780171249412/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/myanmar-president-begins-india-visit-visits-sacred-mahabodhi-temple-in-gaya-1780171249412/embed</a>&nbsp;<h2>Anti-India groups and drug trafficking&nbsp;</h2>The anti-India groups Myanmar President Min Aung Hlaing was likely referring to are Indian Insurgent Groups (IIGs) that have been historically using Myanmar's soil for their activities. These are banned groups, mostly from Northeast India operate around the 1,643-km porous border between India and Myanmar. They have allegedly set up safe havens, training camps, and launchpads inside Myanmar's territory. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has repeatedly flagged these groups, noting that they utilis because these groups utilise the dense jungles of Myanmar's Sagaing Region and Chin State to recruit, train, stock black-market weapons, and traffic narcotics. They have also been known to retreat across the border following security crackdowns or attacks.&nbsp;Sonawane highlights the factors that have historically enabled Indian insurgent groups to use Myanmar's territory as a sanctuary. She noted that Northeast states, particularly Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur, share deep transnational ties with communities across the border. "These cross-border linkages, along with a rugged terrain, make the border highly porous and difficult to regulate for both New Delhi and Naypyidaw," she says. The combination of difficult geography, ethnic linkages and weak state control in some border regions has long created opportunities for insurgent groups to move across the frontier and establish networks on either side, she adds.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/more-than-45-people-killed-in-blast-at-mining-explosives-warehouse-in-myanmar-rescuers-1780242466825">More than 45 people killed in blast at mining explosives warehouse in Myanmar</a>&nbsp;Since the 2021 coup, the Myanmar military has lost physical control of massive chunks of the Indo-Myanmar border to local anti-junta resistance groups. Independent intelligence and ground reports indicate that some regional elements of the Myanmar military have tactically tolerated—or even used—certain Indian insurgent groups to fight against Myanmar's local anti-junta rebels.&nbsp;Beyond insurgency, Vasisht warns that narcotics trafficking and cybercrime networks&nbsp; &nbsp;remain a persistent concern. “Myanmar being the one of the largest opium producer and supplier and recent confiscations are just tip of the iceberg. Additionally, in recent times, Myanmar has become the global epicentres of cyber fraud. Indian youth are being actively recruited into scam operations," she says. Sonawane also points out that narcotics trafficking is on a rise because of the lack of effective control over many border regions by Myanmar's military junta.&nbsp;<h2>What does the statement by Myanmar's president really means?</h2>Vasisht&nbsp; &nbsp; says that Myanmar's President Min Aung Hlaing's assurances were welcomed in New Delhi, but she believes that the pledge must be viewed in the context of its fragmented political landscape. She says the commitment reflects the government's intent, but not necessarily its ability to enforce control across the entire border region. "Naypyidaw is only partially in a position to honour, given how much of the border territory it does not govern."&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/myanmar-president-sharing-intel-with-india-on-countering-drugs-pushing-to-restart-trilateral-highway-1780553481678">Myanmar President: Sharing intel with India on countering drugs, pushing to restart trilateral highway</a>&nbsp;It must be remembered that India and Myanmar's engagement continued even during the most turbulent years following the 2021 military coup. While both the analysts say that New Delhi continued functional engagement with Myanmar's military authorities in order to avoid pushing it “towards China’s embrace”, Sonawane argues that Myanmar did not receive sustained attention in Indian security planning because New Delhi's military focus remains concentrated on Pakistan and China. Vasisht&nbsp;differs as she says that the relationship "was managed, sometimes minimally, sometimes actively, but it was never severed." However, she observs that even in the recent visit “not a single MOU was signed, and there was no announcement of any 'outcomes'.”&nbsp;For India, Min Aung Hlaing's assurance is significant not only for what it promises on security but also for what it reveals about the state of bilateral ties. While analysts caution that Myanmar's fragmented political landscape may limit the junta's ability to fully deliver on the pledge, the statement underscores the continued engagement between New Delhi and Naypyidaw despite years of instability. At a time when India's strategic attention is heavily focused on China and Pakistan, Myanmar remains a crucial neighbour, making sustained engagement with the country an important element of India's broader neighbourhood strategy.&nbsp;

Myanmar President Min Aung Hlaing assured PM Modi that Myanmar's territory would not be used against India's security interests. The pledge comes amid concerns over Northeast insurgent groups operating along the Indo-Myanmar border

Myanmar President Min Aung Hlaing met Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi this week and assured that his country’s territory would not be used against India’s security interests. New Delhi responded with warmth and PM Modi underlined the importance of three of India's signature foreign policy doctrines - Neighbourhood First, Act East, MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions) framework. The Indian PM also reaffirmed India's commitment to Myanmar's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Also Read: Death penalty law, Suu Kyi’s absence: Myanmar’s ‘free, fair’ elections amid civil war The language used by Myanmar reflected New Delhi's long-standing concern about insurgent groups operating along the porous India-Myanmar border, while India's wordings were carefully carved keeping in sight the current resistance faced by Myanmar military government across large stretches of its territory, including areas bordering India's northeast. The development also comes at a time when China is attempting to spread its influence in the world by portraying itself the most dominant power in the Southeast Asia. Who controls the key border areas? Experts argue the statement by Myanmar's president is not easy to implement as reality on the ground is complicated. Aishwaria Sonawane, Research Analyst at the Takshashila Institution, explains that Myanmar's military junta does not exercise effective control over several border regions and it is the ethnic armed groups that are in control. "This creates a security vacuum that could potentially facilitate insurgent sanctuaries and other illicit cross-border activities." Also Read: Myanmar President U Min Aung Hlaing arrives in India, visits Bihar’s Bodh Gaya Cchavi Vasisht, a senior research associate at Chintan Research Foundation, delves deeper and points out that the ethnic armed groups have been more active and powerful since Myanmar's military takeover. Large stretches of territory are now controlled by Ethnic Armed Organisations (EAOs), she says. EAOs are essentially anti-junta coalition of several groups with the pro-democracy People's Defence Force (PDF). "For decades, this border was managed through diplomatic engagement with Naypyidaw and bilateral security cooperation with the military. But now these borders are controlled by EAOs. And to secure its interests, India is engaging with both the military leaders and thereby the govt in power as well as EAOs who control these territories," Vasisht adds. She notes that India's also engages with EAOs and that is not only driven by security concerns but also by strategic connectivity interests. "The Kaladan project's completion, for instance, depends not just on Naypyidaw's political will but on the Arakan Army's continued administrative stability over the corridor." This, she says, explains India's dual-track approach of maintaining ties with the Myanmar's political establishment while simultaneously engaging with EAOs. Sonawane says that though the threat is not acute for New Delhi at present, but it retains the potential to become a regional security concern given a severe vacuum of central authority in Naypyidaw and the Myanmar military's incapability to police these areas. Involvement of foreign fighters? In March, India's National Investigation Agency (NIA) arrested six Ukrainian nationals and one American (identified as Matthew VanDyke) on allegations of illegally entering India's northeastern border to train anti-junta ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar in drone warfare and combat tactics. Investigators alleged the group entered India on tourist visas, travelled to the border state of Mizoram without required permits, and used it as a logistics base and transit route to cross into Myanmar's Chin State. Referring to the case, Vasisht highlights how Myanmar's conflict is increasingly attracting foreign fighters and transnational networks. “Myanmar's civil war is now attracting foreign fighters, and arms supply networks that are using Indian territory as a transit corridor. Though arms supply has been a concern since 1960s, the involvement of foreign fighters is a new threat India is facing.” https://www.wionews.com/videos/myanmar-president-begins-india-visit-visits-sacred-mahabodhi-temple-in-gaya-1780171249412/embed Anti-India groups and drug trafficking The anti-India groups Myanmar President Min Aung Hlaing was likely referring to are Indian Insurgent Groups (IIGs) that have been historically using Myanmar's soil for their activities. These are banned groups, mostly from Northeast India operate around the 1,643-km porous border between India and Myanmar. They have allegedly set up safe havens, training camps, and launchpads inside Myanmar's territory. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has repeatedly flagged these groups, noting that they utilis because these groups utilise the dense jungles of Myanmar's Sagaing Region and Chin State to recruit, train, stock black-market weapons, and traffic narcotics. They have also been known to retreat across the border following security crackdowns or attacks. Sonawane highlights the factors that have historically enabled Indian insurgent groups to use Myanmar's territory as a sanctuary. She noted that Northeast states, particularly Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur, share deep transnational ties with communities across the border. "These cross-border linkages, along with a rugged terrain, make the border highly porous and difficult to regulate for both New Delhi and Naypyidaw," she says. The combination of difficult geography, ethnic linkages and weak state control in some border regions has long created opportunities for insurgent groups to move across the frontier and establish networks on either side, she adds. Also Read: More than 45 people killed in blast at mining explosives warehouse in Myanmar Since the 2021 coup, the Myanmar military has lost physical control of massive chunks of the Indo-Myanmar border to local anti-junta resistance groups. Independent intelligence and ground reports indicate that some regional elements of the Myanmar military have tactically tolerated—or even used—certain Indian insurgent groups to fight against Myanmar's local anti-junta rebels. Beyond insurgency, Vasisht warns that narcotics trafficking and cybercrime networks remain a persistent concern. “Myanmar being the one of the largest opium producer and supplier and recent confiscations are just tip of the iceberg. Additionally, in recent times, Myanmar has become the global epicentres of cyber fraud. Indian youth are being actively recruited into scam operations," she says. Sonawane also points out that narcotics trafficking is on a rise because of the lack of effective control over many border regions by Myanmar's military junta. What does the statement by Myanmar's president really means? Vasisht says that Myanmar's President Min Aung Hlaing's assurances were welcomed in New Delhi, but she believes that the pledge must be viewed in the context of its fragmented political landscape. She says the commitment reflects the government's intent, but not necessarily its ability to enforce control across the entire border region. "Naypyidaw is only partially in a position to honour, given how much of the border territory it does not govern." Also Read: Myanmar President: Sharing intel with India on countering drugs, pushing to restart trilateral highway It must be remembered that India and Myanmar's engagement continued even during the most turbulent years following the 2021 military coup. While both the analysts say that New Delhi continued functional engagement with Myanmar's military authorities in order to avoid pushing it “towards China’s embrace”, Sonawane argues that Myanmar did not receive sustained attention in Indian security planning because New Delhi's military focus remains concentrated on Pakistan and China. Vasisht differs as she says that the relationship "was managed, sometimes minimally, sometimes actively, but it was never severed." However, she observs that even in the recent visit “not a single MOU was signed, and there was no announcement of any 'outcomes'.” For India, Min Aung Hlaing's assurance is significant not only for what it promises on security but also for what it reveals about the state of bilateral ties. While analysts caution that Myanmar's fragmented political landscape may limit the junta's ability to fully deliver on the pledge, the statement underscores the continued engagement between New Delhi and Naypyidaw despite years of instability. At a time when India's strategic attention is heavily focused on China and Pakistan, Myanmar remains a crucial neighbour, making sustained engagement with the country an important element of India's broader neighbourhood strategy.

Myanmar President Min Aung Hlaing assured PM Modi that Myanmar's territory would not be used against India's security interests. The pledge comes amid concerns over Northeast insurgent groups operating along the Indo-Myanmar border: But what's the reality of this promise&nbsp;

Myanmar promised PM Modi it won't let its territory be used against India. Can it deliver? | WION Decodes

Israel could be heading toward an early national election after lawmakers took the first formal step to dissolve parliament, a move that threatens &nbsp;Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s coalition government. The development comes at a highly sensitive time for Israel, which remains involved in conflicts across Gaza, Lebanon and Iran, while also facing growing international criticism over the conduct of the war and the influence of far-right ministers in Netanyahu’s cabinet.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/jealous-trump-tries-to-downplay-xi-putin-private-tea-meeting-insists-his-beijing-welcome-was-more-brilliant-1779340945856">Jealous? Trump tries to downplay Xi-Putin private tea meeting, insists his Beijing welcome was ‘more brilliant’</a><h2>What exactly happened?</h2>On Wednesday (May 20), Israeli lawmakers voted in favour of a bill to dissolve the 120-seat Knesset, Israel's parliament. The proposal passed its preliminary reading with 110 votes in support and none against.The bill still needs to clear multiple parliamentary stages before becoming law. If it ultimately passes, Israel would likely hold elections within about 90 days, potentially before the current parliamentary term ends in October.As per reports, the trigger for the crisis came from Netanyahu’s own allies. Ultra-Orthodox parties, which are crucial to keeping his coalition alive, accused the prime minister of failing to deliver on a long-promised law that would exempt religious students from mandatory military service. Angered by delays, some coalition partners backed the move to dissolve parliament.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/-m-for-melody-not-mehengai-congress-mocks-modi-obver-meloni-video-claims-viral-reel-insult-to-indians-suffering-1779332013625">‘M for Melody, not Mehengai’: Congress mocks Modi over Meloni video, claims viral reel ‘insult to Indians suffering’</a><h2>Why is Netanyahu under pressure?</h2>Netanyahu is already facing multiple political and personal challenges at once. Opinion polls since the October 7 Hamas attacks have consistently shown his coalition losing support. Many Israelis blame his government for security failures surrounding the attack, while public frustration over the prolonged war continues to grow.He is also still fighting a long-running corruption trial. Israeli President Isaac Herzog is reportedly involved in efforts to broker a possible plea deal that could eventually lead to Netanyahu stepping away from politics.Questions around Netanyahu’s health have also resurfaced after recent disclosures about prostate cancer treatment and his earlier pacemaker surgery.<h2>What happens next?</h2>The bill now moves to committee discussions, where lawmakers will debate the timing of a possible snap election before sending it back for final approval. Notably, polls currently suggest Netanyahu could lose his majority, but Israel’s fragmented political system often makes coalition-building difficult.That means the country could once again face political deadlock, with Netanyahu potentially remaining as caretaker prime minister until a new coalition is formed.

Israel could be heading toward another snap election after lawmakers took the first formal step toward dissolving the country’s parliament, a move that threatens the survival of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s coalition government at a time of war. WION Decodes.

Israel could be heading toward an early national election after lawmakers took the first formal step to dissolve parliament, a move that threatens Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s coalition government. The development comes at a highly sensitive time for Israel, which remains involved in conflicts across Gaza, Lebanon and Iran, while also facing growing international criticism over the conduct of the war and the influence of far-right ministers in Netanyahu’s cabinet. Also read | Jealous? Trump tries to downplay Xi-Putin private tea meeting, insists his Beijing welcome was ‘more brilliant’ What exactly happened? On Wednesday (May 20), Israeli lawmakers voted in favour of a bill to dissolve the 120-seat Knesset, Israel's parliament. The proposal passed its preliminary reading with 110 votes in support and none against. The bill still needs to clear multiple parliamentary stages before becoming law. If it ultimately passes, Israel would likely hold elections within about 90 days, potentially before the current parliamentary term ends in October. As per reports, the trigger for the crisis came from Netanyahu’s own allies. Ultra-Orthodox parties, which are crucial to keeping his coalition alive, accused the prime minister of failing to deliver on a long-promised law that would exempt religious students from mandatory military service. Angered by delays, some coalition partners backed the move to dissolve parliament. Also read | ‘M for Melody, not Mehengai’: Congress mocks Modi over Meloni video, claims viral reel ‘insult to Indians suffering’ Why is Netanyahu under pressure? Netanyahu is already facing multiple political and personal challenges at once. Opinion polls since the October 7 Hamas attacks have consistently shown his coalition losing support. Many Israelis blame his government for security failures surrounding the attack, while public frustration over the prolonged war continues to grow. He is also still fighting a long-running corruption trial. Israeli President Isaac Herzog is reportedly involved in efforts to broker a possible plea deal that could eventually lead to Netanyahu stepping away from politics. Questions around Netanyahu’s health have also resurfaced after recent disclosures about prostate cancer treatment and his earlier pacemaker surgery. What happens next? The bill now moves to committee discussions, where lawmakers will debate the timing of a possible snap election before sending it back for final approval. Notably, polls currently suggest Netanyahu could lose his majority, but Israel’s fragmented political system often makes coalition-building difficult. That means the country could once again face political deadlock, with Netanyahu potentially remaining as caretaker prime minister until a new coalition is formed.

Israel could be heading toward another snap election after lawmakers took the first formal step toward dissolving the country’s parliament, a move that threatens the survival of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s coalition government at a time of war. WION Decodes.

Sun setting on Netanyahu government? Israel may be heading for snap elections as Knesset dissolves Parliament | WION Decodes

Women in India are increasingly choosing to remain single. The reasons themselves are not shocking, but surely present a picture of the society we live in. Data shows that India today has an estimated 73 to 74 million single women - comprising never married, divorced, separated or widowed. Marriages in India come with certain expectations, largely from women. For decades, they have played this role while compromising with themselves. However, today, most women are largely independent, not just financially, and they refuse to bow down to societal norms. But since families are still not ready for this change, there is an imbalance. So while men have largely remained in the same place, women have quietly decided to change paths. For them, marriage is no longer a check box that must be ticked. They no longer feel the need to be married to earn the respect of society. &nbsp;Most of them simply don't care since "what would people say" is a fear that is long dead to them. What is causing this profound shift in perspective among young women? WION Decodes.<h2>The Mixed Messages of Modern Upbringing</h2>Until a few decades ago, girls came after the boys of the families. They served them food, ate after them, and sometimes even compromised on their education for the sake of their brothers. But somewhere things changed, and parents stopped differentiating between their sons and daughters. They were afforded every opportunity, be it in education or at home. People started raising their daughters mindfully, telling them they were not less than boys and could achieve anything they put their minds to. Now that this particular group is all grown up, and their upbringing has ensured that they do not rely on a man for anything, here is where the problem begins. "On one side, they are being told they are self-sufficient, independent and can do anything that a man can do. But on the other end, they are being told that their life will not have any meaning if they are not married. That is where the fear of marriage stems, because it puts a question mark on their entire identity," says Navashree.&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn1.wionews.com/prod/wion/images/2026/20260521/image-1779343930168.png"></figure><h2>How Witnessing Generational Sacrifices Fuels the Fear of Losing Identity</h2>"Being single was never a dramatic declaration or a conscious rebellion for me. It simply made more sense with time than sacrificing my peace, compromising my values, or reshaping my identity to fit into a relationship that did not feel right," says Lahari Basu, who works as a Consultant. What she said is not limited to her. Entering a marriage should not mean having to live your life on someone else's terms, be it the husband or in-laws. Where Indian women lose out the most is when they are expected to change themselves to fit into a pre-existing family where everything remains the same for everyone else.&nbsp;"It all sounds beautiful, the love, the commitment, the forever, until you see how quickly it can strip away the identity she has spent years building. All she is asking for is a marriage that adds to her life rather than dismantling everything she has built for herself," says Snigdha.&nbsp;When rules and practices are shoved down their throat in the name of tradition, it leaves them questioning if their thoughts and opinions even matter. They lose the sense of self and are merely viewed as an intrusive species who dare not speak their mind. For years, women have seen their mothers, grandmothers and others in their families go through it all. "During festivals, my mother is cooking while everyone else is enjoying. Maybe she is doing it out of love, but that likely also happened because of a certain conditioning. But I don't want that for myself," says Navashree.&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn1.wionews.com/prod/wion/images/2026/20260521/image-1779344162047.png"></figure><h2>Schooled in Independence, Pressured to Comply</h2>As mentioned in the first point, these women were told as young girls that they are important, they matter, they are winners and can do just about anything. This thinking itself is a huge shift from previous generations; it is a massive leap in most families. Today, girls in several families can't even fathom the idea that they are different from boys and that there was a time when the two genders were treated differently. But one thing that hasn't changed is marriage being a compulsion. So now, when the same people tell them they should get married without logical reasoning, it leaves the girls questioning everything they were told.&nbsp;&nbsp;"I have always been told you can do everything alone. I have lived on my own and been away from home for education. But now I am being told I must get married because everyone does it," Navashree says. She says, to her it comes across as something she has to do just because "society wants to see her do it," and not because of "companionship or love." Telling women to do something just to please society also instils fear in them about the institution.&nbsp;Lahari says, “Marriage is a life-altering decision and should be made in one’s best interest — not at the insistence of family, society, or timelines imposed by others. I believe women should marry only when it genuinely feels right to them — and if it never does, that is perfectly valid too.”<h2>Seeking Permission vs. Living on Own Terms: The Fear of Voluntary Compromise</h2>When women think of marriage, they instantly think of compromise, adjustment and loss of freedom. Navashree admits the question of "will it curb my freedom" flashes across her mind the moment someone says marriage. "But if I have been doing everything on my own all my life, if I know that marriage comes at a cost, why would I want to get into it?"The truth is, women unwittingly start to compromise. They start losing friends because they don't have time. And even then, they are constantly left seeking permission. Namita says, "I like living life on my own terms. I want to take care of my parents and enjoy my freedom. It can be challenging at times, but at the end of the day, I’m happy with my decision. I take pride in managing my finances, my health, and being there for my family."&nbsp;Besides, the mental toll of marriage is exhausting and is another way in which the freedom element gets killed. "When men work (job), they just work. But for women, 10 different things are going on in their heads. They have all these decisions to make," says Malvika, a married professional. "Stepping into the house after a long day at work and remembering that you forgot the groceries. Reminding the husband about the PTM at school 20 times so they adjust their schedule. Planning and tracking meals, it's raining, bring in the clothes, it is sunny, put them out, etc., etc. All this never-ending tracking and planning falls on women," she says, adding that “you cannot get away from them.”&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn1.wionews.com/prod/wion/images/2026/20260521/image-1779344415480.png"></figure><h2>"Just Like My Mother": The Root of Male Privilege in the Modern Household</h2>Male privilege is deeply embedded in men because of their upbringing. While women saw their mothers and said - "Not me", the takeaway for men was - "Just like my mother". They glorified their mothers' sacrifices and struggles and said, "Wow! What a superwoman." Then they applied it to every woman out there, cooking a storm that would one day hit them. Some women try to live up to the expectations, some strongly believe it is their duty, and others see the inherent problem early on and refuse to give in. All of them end up emotionally exhausted.&nbsp;"I have seen far too many women merely survive unhappy marriages. And even those who manage to leave often walk away emotionally bruised, having sacrificed years of their lives, their independence, and sometimes even their sense of self just to escape environments that were never safe or loving to begin with," says Lahari. “What is even more exhausting is the entitlement some men feel simply for being born male.”<h2>The Convenience of Patriarchy: Rejection of a Rigged System</h2>A basic societal structure where the woman ran the house, and the man brought in the money, was presented as justification till a few decades ago. But education has led women into the workforce, where they are spending as much time as men. But in most Indian homes, this is seen as "their choice", which they have to fit in with other things that are non-negotiable. So you do your job, and everything else expected of you as a wife and daughter-in-law. If you can't, that is your problem alone.&nbsp;The inherent exploitation in the system has now become visible to women, but sadly, men still don't see it for what it is. Patriarchy suits them; it gives them hot meals, clean clothes, and a good nap, which leads to a confirmation bias. This is why the dowry system still exists, as it enforces a false sense of superiority in men. Now that the women know that the system is clearly set up against them, why would they knowingly accept an undesirable situation? "I see no reason to romanticise marriage for the sake of appearances or hypothetical 'what ifs.' Love, for me, must grow from friendship, shared values, mutual respect, emotional safety, and genuine companionship — not from pressure, fear, or fantasy," Lahari concluded.<h2>What needs to change</h2>The powerful testimonies of these single women, underscored by the heartbreaking losses of Twisha Sharma and Deepika Nagar, should serve as an urgent wake-up call. It is time for society to radically re-examine how it treats its daughters under the guise of tradition. It is not enough for women to conquer the professional world; they deserve a life where their peace is non-negotiable, and a safe harbour where they can dream and grow without fear.

No one heard them; they refused to alter the system, and so Indian women took their own step. Women in India are increasingly choosing to remain single. I talked to some women to understand the reason behind this profound cultural shift in a society where marriage is non-negotiable.

Women in India are increasingly choosing to remain single. The reasons themselves are not shocking, but surely present a picture of the society we live in. Data shows that India today has an estimated 73 to 74 million single women - comprising never married, divorced, separated or widowed. Marriages in India come with certain expectations, largely from women. For decades, they have played this role while compromising with themselves. However, today, most women are largely independent, not just financially, and they refuse to bow down to societal norms. But since families are still not ready for this change, there is an imbalance. So while men have largely remained in the same place, women have quietly decided to change paths. For them, marriage is no longer a check box that must be ticked. They no longer feel the need to be married to earn the respect of society. Most of them simply don't care since "what would people say" is a fear that is long dead to them. What is causing this profound shift in perspective among young women? WION Decodes. The Mixed Messages of Modern Upbringing Until a few decades ago, girls came after the boys of the families. They served them food, ate after them, and sometimes even compromised on their education for the sake of their brothers. But somewhere things changed, and parents stopped differentiating between their sons and daughters. They were afforded every opportunity, be it in education or at home. People started raising their daughters mindfully, telling them they were not less than boys and could achieve anything they put their minds to. Now that this particular group is all grown up, and their upbringing has ensured that they do not rely on a man for anything, here is where the problem begins. "On one side, they are being told they are self-sufficient, independent and can do anything that a man can do. But on the other end, they are being told that their life will not have any meaning if they are not married. That is where the fear of marriage stems, because it puts a question mark on their entire identity," says Navashree. How Witnessing Generational Sacrifices Fuels the Fear of Losing Identity "Being single was never a dramatic declaration or a conscious rebellion for me. It simply made more sense with time than sacrificing my peace, compromising my values, or reshaping my identity to fit into a relationship that did not feel right," says Lahari Basu, who works as a Consultant. What she said is not limited to her. Entering a marriage should not mean having to live your life on someone else's terms, be it the husband or in-laws. Where Indian women lose out the most is when they are expected to change themselves to fit into a pre-existing family where everything remains the same for everyone else. "It all sounds beautiful, the love, the commitment, the forever, until you see how quickly it can strip away the identity she has spent years building. All she is asking for is a marriage that adds to her life rather than dismantling everything she has built for herself," says Snigdha. When rules and practices are shoved down their throat in the name of tradition, it leaves them questioning if their thoughts and opinions even matter. They lose the sense of self and are merely viewed as an intrusive species who dare not speak their mind. For years, women have seen their mothers, grandmothers and others in their families go through it all. "During festivals, my mother is cooking while everyone else is enjoying. Maybe she is doing it out of love, but that likely also happened because of a certain conditioning. But I don't want that for myself," says Navashree. Schooled in Independence, Pressured to Comply As mentioned in the first point, these women were told as young girls that they are important, they matter, they are winners and can do just about anything. This thinking itself is a huge shift from previous generations; it is a massive leap in most families. Today, girls in several families can't even fathom the idea that they are different from boys and that there was a time when the two genders were treated differently. But one thing that hasn't changed is marriage being a compulsion. So now, when the same people tell them they should get married without logical reasoning, it leaves the girls questioning everything they were told. "I have always been told you can do everything alone. I have lived on my own and been away from home for education. But now I am being told I must get married because everyone does it," Navashree says. She says, to her it comes across as something she has to do just because "society wants to see her do it," and not because of "companionship or love." Telling women to do something just to please society also instils fear in them about the institution. Lahari says, “Marriage is a life-altering decision and should be made in one’s best interest — not at the insistence of family, society, or timelines imposed by others. I believe women should marry only when it genuinely feels right to them — and if it never does, that is perfectly valid too.” Seeking Permission vs. Living on Own Terms: The Fear of Voluntary Compromise When women think of marriage, they instantly think of compromise, adjustment and loss of freedom. Navashree admits the question of "will it curb my freedom" flashes across her mind the moment someone says marriage. "But if I have been doing everything on my own all my life, if I know that marriage comes at a cost, why would I want to get into it?" The truth is, women unwittingly start to compromise. They start losing friends because they don't have time. And even then, they are constantly left seeking permission. Namita says, "I like living life on my own terms. I want to take care of my parents and enjoy my freedom. It can be challenging at times, but at the end of the day, I’m happy with my decision. I take pride in managing my finances, my health, and being there for my family." Besides, the mental toll of marriage is exhausting and is another way in which the freedom element gets killed. "When men work (job), they just work. But for women, 10 different things are going on in their heads. They have all these decisions to make," says Malvika, a married professional. "Stepping into the house after a long day at work and remembering that you forgot the groceries. Reminding the husband about the PTM at school 20 times so they adjust their schedule. Planning and tracking meals, it's raining, bring in the clothes, it is sunny, put them out, etc., etc. All this never-ending tracking and planning falls on women," she says, adding that “you cannot get away from them.” "Just Like My Mother": The Root of Male Privilege in the Modern Household Male privilege is deeply embedded in men because of their upbringing. While women saw their mothers and said - "Not me", the takeaway for men was - "Just like my mother". They glorified their mothers' sacrifices and struggles and said, "Wow! What a superwoman." Then they applied it to every woman out there, cooking a storm that would one day hit them. Some women try to live up to the expectations, some strongly believe it is their duty, and others see the inherent problem early on and refuse to give in. All of them end up emotionally exhausted. "I have seen far too many women merely survive unhappy marriages. And even those who manage to leave often walk away emotionally bruised, having sacrificed years of their lives, their independence, and sometimes even their sense of self just to escape environments that were never safe or loving to begin with," says Lahari. “What is even more exhausting is the entitlement some men feel simply for being born male.” The Convenience of Patriarchy: Rejection of a Rigged System A basic societal structure where the woman ran the house, and the man brought in the money, was presented as justification till a few decades ago. But education has led women into the workforce, where they are spending as much time as men. But in most Indian homes, this is seen as "their choice", which they have to fit in with other things that are non-negotiable. So you do your job, and everything else expected of you as a wife and daughter-in-law. If you can't, that is your problem alone. The inherent exploitation in the system has now become visible to women, but sadly, men still don't see it for what it is. Patriarchy suits them; it gives them hot meals, clean clothes, and a good nap, which leads to a confirmation bias. This is why the dowry system still exists, as it enforces a false sense of superiority in men. Now that the women know that the system is clearly set up against them, why would they knowingly accept an undesirable situation? "I see no reason to romanticise marriage for the sake of appearances or hypothetical 'what ifs.' Love, for me, must grow from friendship, shared values, mutual respect, emotional safety, and genuine companionship — not from pressure, fear, or fantasy," Lahari concluded. What needs to change The powerful testimonies of these single women, underscored by the heartbreaking losses of Twisha Sharma and Deepika Nagar, should serve as an urgent wake-up call. It is time for society to radically re-examine how it treats its daughters under the guise of tradition. It is not enough for women to conquer the professional world; they deserve a life where their peace is non-negotiable, and a safe harbour where they can dream and grow without fear.

No one heard them; they refused to alter the system, and so Indian women took their own step. Women in India are increasingly choosing to remain single. I talked to some women to understand the reason behind this profound cultural shift in a society where marriage is non-negotiable.

Better single than sorry: Why marriage has fallen off the list of priorities of many Indian women

Iran’s latest peace proposal to the US calls for ending regional hostilities, lifting sanctions, removing US forces near Iran, ending naval restrictions and recognising Tehran’s uranium enrichment rights.

WION Decodes | What are the key demands in Iran’s latest peace proposal?

While the global energy crisis due to the war in the Middle East has gripped nations with rising fuel prices, Japan is facing fears of a naphtha shortage. Amid the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, a key shipping route for oil supply from the Gulf, reports surfaced of rising concerns over a shortage of naphtha, a key material used in manufacturing a wide variety of products. The little-known material has since then become a major concern in the country.<h2>What is naphtha?</h2>Naphtha is a highly flammable liquid mixture derived mainly from crude oil and natural gas processing. It is widely used as a raw material in the petrochemical industry to produce petrol, plastics, synthetic fibres, adhesives, insulation foam, solvents, printing inks and medical supplies like syringes. Because it is essential for manufacturing and energy production, disruptions in naphtha supplies can affect multiple industries and everyday consumer products. Asia, especially Japan, relies heavily on naphtha imports from the Middle East.<h2>Why are people in Japan concerned about its shortage?</h2>Fears of a shortage of Naphtha increased in Japan due to its heavy dependence on Middle Eastern imports for industrial production. Since the maritime traffic is disrupted in the Strait of Hormuz amid tensions in the region, concerns have emerged over shortages of plastics, packaging, paints, food processing and other daily-use products.The public worry heightened after Calbee, the country’s biggest snack maker, announced that it was changing its colourful packaging of potato chips to monochrome due to ink supply uncertainty. Rising prices and reports of disruptions across industries have further deepened anxiety among Japanese consumers.While Japan has a significant stockpile of petrol, claims have emerged that the government may be downplaying the risk of disruption to other industries. Recent Japanese reports have focused on articles explaining what naphtha is and how its shortages could affect everyday life.According to a Guardian report, citing data, Japan’s wholesale inflation accelerated in April at the fastest pace in three years. It added that the price of naphtha has observed a sharp spike of 79.4 per cent. According to a Kyodo News poll, 70 per cent of people expressed concerns over Naphtha supplies being disrupted.

Japan fears a naphtha shortage amid Strait of Hormuz tensions, raising concerns over disruptions in plastics, packaging, paints and other industries dependent on Middle East imports.

While the global energy crisis due to the war in the Middle East has gripped nations with rising fuel prices, Japan is facing fears of a naphtha shortage. Amid the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, a key shipping route for oil supply from the Gulf, reports surfaced of rising concerns over a shortage of naphtha, a key material used in manufacturing a wide variety of products. The little-known material has since then become a major concern in the country. What is naphtha? Naphtha is a highly flammable liquid mixture derived mainly from crude oil and natural gas processing. It is widely used as a raw material in the petrochemical industry to produce petrol, plastics, synthetic fibres, adhesives, insulation foam, solvents, printing inks and medical supplies like syringes. Because it is essential for manufacturing and energy production, disruptions in naphtha supplies can affect multiple industries and everyday consumer products. Asia, especially Japan, relies heavily on naphtha imports from the Middle East. Why are people in Japan concerned about its shortage? Fears of a shortage of Naphtha increased in Japan due to its heavy dependence on Middle Eastern imports for industrial production. Since the maritime traffic is disrupted in the Strait of Hormuz amid tensions in the region, concerns have emerged over shortages of plastics, packaging, paints, food processing and other daily-use products. The public worry heightened after Calbee, the country’s biggest snack maker, announced that it was changing its colourful packaging of potato chips to monochrome due to ink supply uncertainty. Rising prices and reports of disruptions across industries have further deepened anxiety among Japanese consumers. While Japan has a significant stockpile of petrol, claims have emerged that the government may be downplaying the risk of disruption to other industries. Recent Japanese reports have focused on articles explaining what naphtha is and how its shortages could affect everyday life. According to a Guardian report, citing data, Japan’s wholesale inflation accelerated in April at the fastest pace in three years. It added that the price of naphtha has observed a sharp spike of 79.4 per cent. According to a Kyodo News poll, 70 per cent of people expressed concerns over Naphtha supplies being disrupted.

Japan fears a naphtha shortage amid Strait of Hormuz tensions, raising concerns over disruptions in plastics, packaging, paints and other industries dependent on Middle East imports.

WION Decodes | What is naphtha and why is Japan worried about its shortage?

Is Boeing on the brink? In this edition of WION Decodes, we will explore the recent safety issues plaguing the aviation giant, from the 737 Max controversy to a series of production problems. With leadership shakeups and a potential production halt, boeing faces an uphill battle to regain trust from passengers, airlines, and regulators.

Boeing CEO to step down, but what about passenger safety?

Bitcoin just hit a record high, but can it reach $100,000? The upcoming halving in april cuts miner rewards, impacting supply and potentially price. Know more about halving, the miner race, and the risks involved. Bullish or Bearish? Join us as WION Decodes.

Bitcoin is at record high, but will halving halt the wild run | WION Decodes

wion-decodes

Wion Decodes, News on Wion Decodes, stories on Wion Decodes, articles on Wion Decodes, Wion Decodes stories at Wion, Wion Decodes news, Wion Decodes latest news

WION decodes

AI can now recreate the dead. But who owns your 'digital ghost' when you're gone? | WION Decodes

Why is APAAR sparking a privacy debate among parents and students? WION Decodes

Plastic rupee notes soon? Why RBI wants to replace paper currency | WION Decodes

Rahul Gandhi detention: Aren't MPs immune from arrest during Parliament session?

Can a law passed today take away your right to use embryos you froze years ago?

Why are Indians being forced to buy E20 petrol? Government finally answers

Trump demands Greenland again. Why is everyone obsessed with the frozen island?

Sourabh Chandrakar arrested in Oman: How Mahadev betting empire actually worked

How Russia-Ukraine war is reshaping supply chains and India’s strategy

WION Decodes: How to spot a digital arrest scam before you lose money

Digital arrest scam: Intelligence isn't enough to stop the fraud | WION Decodes

Why is Venezuela frequently hit by devastating earthquakes? WION Decodes reasons

Can you really wear period panties all day? Doctors say it's not that simple

Lake Lucerne Summit: First US-Iran talks in Switzerland end with cautious optimism. What was agreed and what comes next? | WION Decodes

Fortress Évian: Inside the massive security operation for G7 summit

Why China isn’t in the G7 – and why it still looms over every discussion

WION Decodes: ISS has been leaking for nearly 7 years – Why haven’t we fixed it?

Can Myanmar deliver on its security assurance to India? | WION Decodes

Netanyahu in trouble? Knesset take first step toward dissolving parliament

Better single than sorry: Why Indian women are silently rejecting marriage

WION Decodes | What are the key demands in Iran’s latest peace proposal?

WION Decodes | What is naphtha and why is Japan worried about its shortage?

Boeing CEO to step down, but what about passenger safety?

Bitcoin is at record high, but will halving halt the wild run | WION Decodes