Nepal's flood catastrophe keeps deepening. The death toll from the devastating flash floods near the China border has climbed to 1,341-1,344, while nearly 5,000 people, including 589 foreign nationals, remain unaccounted for nearly two weeks after the disaster struck. Nepal's Foreign Ministry has set up an emergency control room to trace missing citizens and foreigners as DNA sampling continues for unidentified bodies.


Nepal national day of mourning: Relatives of missing victims stage protests

The UN has issued a stark warning that the Himalayan region faces severe risks of future glacial floods as the death toll from last week's catastrophic disaster in Nepal surpassed 1,000. Senior UN official Kanni Wignaraja warned that millions living downstream along major river systems face life-threatening risks, with vital hydroelectric projects and entire communities endangered. Triggered by the massive collapse of a glacier near the Langtang Lirung peak, the resulting outburst flooded the Trishuli River valley, exposing the extreme vulnerability of Himalayan infrastructure. Watch for key insights into the climate crisis threatening Asia's water towers.  

Himalayan glacial flood risk warning: UN warns millions at risk after Nepal disaster

Nepal flood on Monday increased the number of deaths to 959 and missing to 4,247 following the devastating flood that swept through a northern of Nepal bordering Tibet (in southern China) last week, according to the latest update from the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority. The latest figures reflect an increase of 115 deaths and more than 1,700 new missing persons from the previous count on Nepalese soil alone. The tragedy on both sides of the border now leaves a total toll of 919 dead and 4,793 people unaccounted for. 

Nepal-Tibet floods: 4,500 missing, death toll surges above 900

Nepal’s deadly tunnel rescue has turned into a race against time, with more than 900 workers feared trapped inside flooded hydropower projects. India and China have joined the rescue effort, sending experts and equipment as teams battle thick mud, damaged infrastructure and worsening weather to find survivors.


Nepal Floods: Nepal races to reach hundreds trapped in hydropower tunnels 


Nepal issued a warning on Friday to move to higher ground after a dam upstream in Tibet was reported to have burst, two days after a glacial collapse caused deadly flooding.

"Information has been received that a water dam has burst again on the Tibetan side," police said in a statement. "All security personnel, rescue workers, and the general public deployed in rescue and relief operations are requested to remain alert and immediately move to a safe location/report the incident."


Nepal flood fury: Drones detected a new landslide | Alert issued

The international community is stepping up humanitarian aid after deadly flash floods struck the Nepal-Tibet border following a glacial collapse. With more than 500 dead and over 1,900 missing, countries and relief agencies are sending emergency funding, supplies and specialised rescue teams.

Nepal floods: India sends third flight with relief material | MEA: 320 Indian nationals missing

The devastating floods in Nepal have once again highlighted the growing threat posed by climate change and extreme weather events. As communities struggle to recover from the disaster, experts warn that global warming is no longer a distant concern but a present-day reality. Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and increasingly unpredictable weather patterns are amplifying risks across the Himalayan region. The tragedy has also renewed calls for stronger climate action and greater individual responsibility. As nature sends increasingly urgent warnings, the world faces a critical challenge: adapting to a rapidly changing planet before disasters become even more frequent and severe.

Nepal second flood feared: 290 Indian remain missing, 84 rescued

A landslide-formed lake on the Nepal-China border began overflowing, raising fears of another surge in areas already devastated by a deadly flash flood. Residents in Nepal’s Rasuwa district rushed to higher ground, while Chinese rescue teams temporarily withdrew to safety as authorities monitored the threat.

Nepal floods: dam bursts in Tibet, Nepal issues high-ground alert 

Nepal flash floods: nearly 390 dead, over 1400 still missing

Tibetans in exile are mounting a global protest against China's newly enforced "Ethnic Unity and Progress Law," which they say is designed to erase Tibetan identity and force cultural assimilation. Organized by the Tibetan Youth Congress, a 49-day chain hunger strike is underway in Dharamshala, with parallel marches and hunger strikes held in Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and cities worldwide.


Tibetans in exile on hunger strike, oppose China's ethnic unity law

The battle over the next Dalai Lama has already begun. As the 14th Dalai Lama grows older, Beijing insists it has the authority to approve his successor, while the Tibetan exile community says only the Dalai Lama and his trust can decide the reincarnation. This isn't just a religious dispute, it's a geopolitical contest over Tibet's identity, culture, and future.


China vs Tibet: The battle for Tibet's future begins with the next Dalai Lama

India’s newly appointed Ambassador to China, Vikram Doraiswami, travelled to Tibet to review preparations for the upcoming Kailash Manasarovar Yatra and engage with regional authorities. The visit marks his first official trip to Tibet since assuming charge as ambassador in May.According to the Indian Embassy, Doraiswami and members of the diplomatic mission arrived in Lhasa on Thursday (Jun 11). During the visit, they are assessing arrangements put in place by local authorities ahead of the arrival of Indian pilgrims later this month.The ambassador held discussions with Zhao Peng, Vice Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region, who briefed the Indian delegation on infrastructure, logistics and other facilities being prepared for the pilgrimage. Zhao also hosted a dinner for the visiting delegation.Since taking up his diplomatic assignment last month, Doraiswami has been actively engaging with senior Chinese officials on a range of bilateral matters, reflecting the gradual improvement in ties between the two countries.The Kailash Manasarovar Yatra, organised by the Ministry of External Affairs, remained suspended for several years. The pilgrimage was first halted in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic and later remained on hold amid the prolonged military standoff between India and China along the Line of Actual Control in eastern Ladakh.The pilgrimage resumed last year after Indian devotees were once again allowed to travel to the sacred Manasarovar region following a gap of five years.The resumption of the Kailash Manasarovar Yatra came following a key meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of a summit in Kazan in 2024.

Indian Ambassador to China Vikram Doraiswami visited Tibet to review Kailash Manasarovar Yatra preparations. The trip marks his first visit to the region since taking charge in May.

India’s newly appointed Ambassador to China, Vikram Doraiswami, travelled to Tibet to review preparations for the upcoming Kailash Manasarovar Yatra and engage with regional authorities. The visit marks his first official trip to Tibet since assuming charge as ambassador in May. According to the Indian Embassy, Doraiswami and members of the diplomatic mission arrived in Lhasa on Thursday (Jun 11). During the visit, they are assessing arrangements put in place by local authorities ahead of the arrival of Indian pilgrims later this month. The ambassador held discussions with Zhao Peng, Vice Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region, who briefed the Indian delegation on infrastructure, logistics and other facilities being prepared for the pilgrimage. Zhao also hosted a dinner for the visiting delegation. Since taking up his diplomatic assignment last month, Doraiswami has been actively engaging with senior Chinese officials on a range of bilateral matters, reflecting the gradual improvement in ties between the two countries. The Kailash Manasarovar Yatra, organised by the Ministry of External Affairs, remained suspended for several years. The pilgrimage was first halted in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic and later remained on hold amid the prolonged military standoff between India and China along the Line of Actual Control in eastern Ladakh. The pilgrimage resumed last year after Indian devotees were once again allowed to travel to the sacred Manasarovar region following a gap of five years. The resumption of the Kailash Manasarovar Yatra came following a key meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of a summit in Kazan in 2024.

Indian Ambassador to China Vikram Doraiswami visited Tibet to review Kailash Manasarovar Yatra preparations. The trip marks his first visit to the region since taking charge in May.

Indian ambassador to China visits Tibet to review Kailash Manasarovar Yatra preparations

India’s new ambassador to China has paid his first visit to Tibet in the latest sign of thawing relations between the two Asian neighbours.
Vikram Doraiswami – who speaks Chinese and took up the post in Beijing last month – arrived in Lhasa, capital of the Tibet autonomous region, on Thursday, according to a statement posted on social media by the Indian embassy.

India-China Ties Thaw As Envoy Visits Tibet

Chinese researchers discovered a massive, high-purity quartz deposit in the Dinggye area of the Tibet autonomous region. By analyzing local leucogranites, scientists successfully extracted impurities to achieve a silicon dioxide purity of 99.995%.


China Finds Critical Quartz In Tibet

New Delhi: Two Indian ruling party lawmakers and US Embassy officials are among those expected to attend the swearing-in of Penpa Tsering for a second term as president of the Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), the Tibetan government-in-exile, an event likely to draw sharp criticism from Beijing.&nbsp;The ceremony takes place on Wednesday at the Main Tibetan Temple courtyard in Thekchen Choeling, Dharamsala, and will be attended by the 14th Dalai Lama. Nishikant Dubey, a senior Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) MP from Jharkhand, and Tapir Gao, BJP MP from Arunachal East, will be present at the ceremony. The US Embassy in New Delhi is also sending two officials. The US embassy had on Sunday invited Penpa Tsering for the 250th Independence Day celebrations of the United States, which saw an address by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio.&nbsp;Penpa Tsering, 58, secured re-election in February with more than 61% of the vote among the global Tibetan diaspora, avoiding a run-off under the exiled community’s electoral rules. Born in exile, the former speaker of the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile previously served as the Dalai Lama’s representative in Washington and has been a key advocate for the “Middle Way” approach.&nbsp;His leadership has focused on strengthening Tibetan institutions, engaging younger generations, and preserving culture, language and religion among the estimated 150,000 Tibetans living in exile across India, Nepal, Europe and North America. The CTA, based in Dharamsala since the Dalai Lama fled Tibet in 1959, manages education, welfare and diplomatic efforts while operating as a democratic administration without sovereign territory.&nbsp;The oath-taking to be conducted by the Chief Justice Commissioner formally inaugurates the 17th Kashag (cabinet). Attendees will witness traditional rituals including the offering of khata scarves and the handover of the ancient seal of authority. Thousands are expected to watch online.&nbsp;China has already voiced strong opposition. Beijing does not recognise the CTA and views the Dalai Lama and exile structures as separatist threats. In a statement, Chinese Embassy spokesperson Yu Jing in Delhi said, “The issue of the Dalai Lama’s reincarnation is purely an internal matter of China and should not be subject to external interference. The so-called ‘Central Tibetan Administration’ is not recognised by any sovereign country, and its leadership has neither the legitimacy to represent the Tibetan people nor the authority to make claims regarding the reincarnation process.”&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">The reincarnation of the Dalai Lama follows long-established religious rituals and historical conventions that have, for centuries, required the approval of China’s central government. It is worth noting that the 14th Dalai Lama himself was recognized through this established… <a href="https://t.co/EHXKpWJceq">pic.twitter.com/EHXKpWJceq</a>&mdash; Yu Jing (@ChinaSpox_India) <a href="https://twitter.com/ChinaSpox_India/status/2058420582140813781?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 24, 2026</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

Yu added, “India has made clear commitments on issues relating to Tibet. It is sincerely hoped that India will continue to honour these commitments, refrain from providing any platform for activities advocating ‘Tibetan independence,’ and avoid interference in the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama. Such an approach would contribute positively to the overall stability and constructive development of our bilateral ties.” In April, Chinese Ambassador to Nepal Zhang Maoming met the then Home Minister Sudan Gurung and cautioned against any official Nepali government participation in the oath-taking ceremony, according to Nepal media.

Penpa Tsering’s leadership has focused on strengthening Tibetan institutions, engaging younger generations, and preserving culture, language and religion among the estimated 150,000 Tibetans living in exile across India, Nepal, Europe and North America.

New Delhi: Two Indian ruling party lawmakers and US Embassy officials are among those expected to attend the swearing-in of Penpa Tsering for a second term as president of the Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), the Tibetan government-in-exile, an event likely to draw sharp criticism from Beijing. The ceremony takes place on Wednesday at the Main Tibetan Temple courtyard in Thekchen Choeling, Dharamsala, and will be attended by the 14th Dalai Lama. Nishikant Dubey, a senior Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) MP from Jharkhand, and Tapir Gao, BJP MP from Arunachal East, will be present at the ceremony. The US Embassy in New Delhi is also sending two officials. The US embassy had on Sunday invited Penpa Tsering for the 250th Independence Day celebrations of the United States, which saw an address by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio. Penpa Tsering, 58, secured re-election in February with more than 61% of the vote among the global Tibetan diaspora, avoiding a run-off under the exiled community’s electoral rules. Born in exile, the former speaker of the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile previously served as the Dalai Lama’s representative in Washington and has been a key advocate for the “Middle Way” approach. His leadership has focused on strengthening Tibetan institutions, engaging younger generations, and preserving culture, language and religion among the estimated 150,000 Tibetans living in exile across India, Nepal, Europe and North America. The CTA, based in Dharamsala since the Dalai Lama fled Tibet in 1959, manages education, welfare and diplomatic efforts while operating as a democratic administration without sovereign territory. The oath-taking to be conducted by the Chief Justice Commissioner formally inaugurates the 17th Kashag (cabinet). Attendees will witness traditional rituals including the offering of khata scarves and the handover of the ancient seal of authority. Thousands are expected to watch online. China has already voiced strong opposition. Beijing does not recognise the CTA and views the Dalai Lama and exile structures as separatist threats. In a statement, Chinese Embassy spokesperson Yu Jing in Delhi said, “The issue of the Dalai Lama’s reincarnation is purely an internal matter of China and should not be subject to external interference. The so-called ‘Central Tibetan Administration’ is not recognised by any sovereign country, and its leadership has neither the legitimacy to represent the Tibetan people nor the authority to make claims regarding the reincarnation process.”

Penpa Tsering’s leadership has focused on strengthening Tibetan institutions, engaging younger generations, and preserving culture, language and religion among the estimated 150,000 Tibetans living in exile across India, Nepal, Europe and North America.

Indian MPs and US Embassy officials to attend Tibetan exiled leader’s oath-taking in Dharamsala

On Friday (Feb 13),Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan, while speaking at the Bharat Himalayan Strategy Forum (BHISM) in Dehradun, spoke of India’s borders and distinguished between a border and a frontier. In his address, he laid emphasis on India-China relations post-independence from colonial rule. CDS Chauhan noted that the Panchsheel Agreement of 1954 included the country’s recognition of Tibet as part of China. It was a move initiated by Nehru to maintain a stable and cooperative relationship with the neighbouring nation.


CDS General Anil Chauhan Explains India's Border Issue With China

Tibetans have begun voting in the first phase of the Sikyong elections, the political leadership role established in 2012. The elections are being held in two phases, with the second phase scheduled for April 26, as citizens participate in shaping the region’s governance and future leadership.


Tibetans Vote in First Phase of Sikyong, Parliament-in-Exile Elections

Following the Dalai Lama’s Grammy nomination, Tibetans in exile are celebrating the global recognition of their spiritual leader. The nomination highlights his efforts in promoting peace, compassion, and cultural heritage worldwide. Exiled communities see this acknowledgment as a boost to their identity and visibility, strengthening solidarity and pride in their traditions while drawing international attention to Tibet’s cultural and political struggles.

Tibetans in-Exile After Dalai Lama's Grammy Nomination

The Central Tibetan Administration commemorated the 75th anniversary of the 14th Dalai Lama’s assumption of spiritual leadership. As Tibetans honour his legacy, the long-running tension over his succession deepens. With China insisting it will control the next Dalai Lama’s reincarnation and Tibetans rejecting the claim, the question of the 15th Dalai Lama grows increasingly urgent. In this report, we look at the history, the politics, and the future of Tibetan leadership.


Tibet Remembers Glorious Past on  75th Anniversary of Dalai Lama Accession

Rescue efforts are under way in the remote Tibetan slopes of Mount Everest where a snowstorm has trapped nearly 1,000 people in campsites on the eastern side of the mountain, according to Chinese state media.

Hundreds Stranded on Slopes as Blizzard Strikes Mount Everest in Tibet

The Tibetan government-in-exile has announced plans to standardise the design of the national flag. The move aims to preserve cultural identity and ensure consistency in representing Tibet globally.

Tibetan government-in-exile to standardise National Flag

Tibetan Govt In Exile Sets Up A Committee To Standardise National Flag

Tibetan artists and rappers are reviving and reinventing their heritage — blending centuries-old traditions with hip-hop, street art, and contemporary music. From the historic alleys of Old Lhasa to vibrant festivals and digital art, discover how young Tibetans are preserving culture while redefining identity in a changing world.

A new life for old Lhasa landmarks | Artists use rap to promote culture

The debate over the succession of the 14th Dalai Lama has heated up, with the 90th birthday of Tenzin Gyatso being celebrated on July 6. China rejected the succession plan of Tenzin Gyatso, saying any future spiritual leader of Tibet has to receive approval from the People's Republic of China. India is weighing in on the debate with Union Minister Kiren Rijiju, a practising Buddhist, saying that the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama should be decided by the Gaden Phodrang Trust, which was established by the office of the 14th Dalai Lama in 2015. This becomes of paramount importance as the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, has spent decades in exile leading the Tibetan people as China occupied Tibet (Xizang) in 1950, calling it a ‘peaceful liberation of Tibet.’The succession of the Dalai Lama is a process of reincarnation, by a search committee of Lamas using a mixture of vision and signs, such as the direction of smoke from the cremation, and visions at the holy lake like Lhamo Latso. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, and they have served as a symbol of compassion, resilience, and cultural identity for the Tibetan people, dating back to before the 15th century.&nbsp;<h2>From 1st to 14th: The full list of the Dalai Lamas</h2>1. Gendun Drup (1391–1474)&nbsp;A student of Je Tsongkhapa, who was an influential Buddhist Monk, a philosopher and a tantrik yogi, founder of the Gelug school of Buddhism. Gendun was not recognised as the Dalai Lama during his lifetime and founded the Tashi Lhunpo Monastery in Shigaste, the second largest city in Tibet.&nbsp;2. Gedun Gyatso (1475- 1542)Gedun Gyatso is the reincarnation of Gendun Drup. He was known for his scholarship and for spreading the Gelug tradition. He reportedly told his parents that his name was Pema Dorjee, the birth name of the 1st Dalai Lama. He served as abbot of Drepung and Sera monasteries. He revived the Monlam Chenmo, the Great Prayer Festival.3. Sonam Gyatso (1543-1588)He was the first to be called the Dalai Lama. The title was granted by Mongol ruler Altan Khan, which means Ocean of Wisdom. In return, he called Altan Khan ‘Brahma’, which means the king of religion. He was instrumental in converting Mongols into Tibetan Buddhism. He was responsible for establishing a strong relationship between Mongolia and Tibet.4. Yonten Gyatso (1589–1617)Yonten Gyatso&nbsp;was Mongolian by birth and the great-grandson of Altan Khan. He faced political resistance in Tibet due to his Mongolian origin. He passed away young amid tensions in the region.5. Lobsang Gyatso (1617-1682)He was known as the Great Fifth and united all the Tibetan people under the Gelug school. He was identified as the Dalai Lama when Tibet was under political turmoil. He started the construction of Potala Palace, but died before finishing it. He was a great statesman and spiritual leader.6. Tsangyang Gyatso (1697–1706)Desi Sangye Gyatso completed the Potala Palace and kept the death of Lobsang Gyatso a secret for 15 years due to the growing political unrest. In 1697, he was succeeded by the Tsangyang Gyatso, who was a young and unconventional, with a taste for Romantic poetry. In 1701, there was a conflict between the Desi and Lhasang Khan, the Mongol King, in which Desi Sangye Gyatso died. The young Lama abandoned his monastic studies and chose outdoor life. He roamed around Lhasa, drank chang and sang songs. He disappeared after being taken by the Qing forces7. Kelsang Gyatso (1708- 1757)Tibetans believed that Tsangyang Gyatso predicted his reincarnation when he wrote the song&nbsp;White crane, lend me your wings, I go no farther than Lithang, And thence, return again.Two years after the disappearance of Tsangyang Gyatso, Kelsang Gyatso was born. He was recognised and enthroned as a Lama with Chinese recognition. He revived Monastic discipline following the 6th Dalai Lama. He wrote many religious texts and prayers.8. Jamphel Gyatso (1758-1804)During his time strong Qing influence was noticed in Tibetan affairs. At the age of seven, he took up monkhood. His time laid the groundwork for the foundation of the reorganisation of the Tibetan government. He died at the age of 47.9. Tsultrim Gyatso (1805–1810)He was enthroned at the age of 5 and died at the age of 9. His premature death led to a prolonged search for his successor.10. Tsultrim Gyatso (1816-1837)He also died young and followed by another period of instability in the Tibetan political landscape.11. Khedrup Gyatso (1838-1856)Political instability marked his time he also died at a very young age. He became a monk at the age of eleven and died at the age of 18.12. Trinley Gyatso (1856-1875)He took the oath of monkhood at the age of 5. In 1873, at the age of eighteen, he became the spiritual and political leader of Tibet. In 1875, he died at the age of 20 in the Potala Palace.13. Thupten Gyatso (1876-1933)He modernised Tibet and tried to reform Tibet. At the age of six, he was ordained as a novice monk. At the age of 19 he took full monkhood. He resisted the strong British and Chinese influence. He went through the British invasion of Tibet in 1904 and the Chinese invasion of his country in 1909/10, but survived the ordeals of both experiences, with his authority enormously enhanced. He strengthened the Tibetan military and established Men-Tse-Khang (Tibetan Military and Astrology Institute). He died in 1933 without finishing his modernisation goal.14. Tenzin Gyatso (Born 1935)He was enthroned in 1940 and assumed full political power in 1950. During the Chinese invasion, he fled to India in 1959. In 1989, he won the Nobel Peace Prize. Advocating a democratic Tibetan government-in-exile, he renounced his political role in 2011. Globally, he is revered as a voice for peace, compassion, and Tibetan rights.&nbsp;The role of the Dalai Lama has evolved from humble monk to spiritual monarch. They have shaped the destiny people of Tibet and still continue to do so. Their message is one of peace and compassion, which makes their legacy important for Tibet and Buddhism.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

As the debate over the succession of the 14th Dalai Lama has heated up, we look at the full list of Lamas and the legacy they have left behind.

The debate over the succession of the 14th Dalai Lama has heated up, with the 90th birthday of Tenzin Gyatso being celebrated on July 6. China rejected the succession plan of Tenzin Gyatso, saying any future spiritual leader of Tibet has to receive approval from the People's Republic of China. India is weighing in on the debate with Union Minister Kiren Rijiju, a practising Buddhist, saying that the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama should be decided by the Gaden Phodrang Trust, which was established by the office of the 14th Dalai Lama in 2015. This becomes of paramount importance as the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, has spent decades in exile leading the Tibetan people as China occupied Tibet (Xizang) in 1950, calling it a ‘peaceful liberation of Tibet.’ The succession of the Dalai Lama is a process of reincarnation, by a search committee of Lamas using a mixture of vision and signs, such as the direction of smoke from the cremation, and visions at the holy lake like Lhamo Latso. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, and they have served as a symbol of compassion, resilience, and cultural identity for the Tibetan people, dating back to before the 15th century. From 1st to 14th: The full list of the Dalai Lamas 1. Gendun Drup (1391–1474) A student of Je Tsongkhapa, who was an influential Buddhist Monk, a philosopher and a tantrik yogi, founder of the Gelug school of Buddhism. Gendun was not recognised as the Dalai Lama during his lifetime and founded the Tashi Lhunpo Monastery in Shigaste, the second largest city in Tibet. 2. Gedun Gyatso (1475- 1542) Gedun Gyatso is the reincarnation of Gendun Drup. He was known for his scholarship and for spreading the Gelug tradition. He reportedly told his parents that his name was Pema Dorjee, the birth name of the 1st Dalai Lama. He served as abbot of Drepung and Sera monasteries. He revived the Monlam Chenmo, the Great Prayer Festival. 3. Sonam Gyatso (1543-1588) He was the first to be called the Dalai Lama. The title was granted by Mongol ruler Altan Khan, which means Ocean of Wisdom. In return, he called Altan Khan ‘Brahma’, which means the king of religion. He was instrumental in converting Mongols into Tibetan Buddhism. He was responsible for establishing a strong relationship between Mongolia and Tibet. 4. Yonten Gyatso (1589–1617) Yonten Gyatso was Mongolian by birth and the great-grandson of Altan Khan. He faced political resistance in Tibet due to his Mongolian origin. He passed away young amid tensions in the region. 5. Lobsang Gyatso (1617-1682) He was known as the Great Fifth and united all the Tibetan people under the Gelug school. He was identified as the Dalai Lama when Tibet was under political turmoil. He started the construction of Potala Palace, but died before finishing it. He was a great statesman and spiritual leader. 6. Tsangyang Gyatso (1697–1706) Desi Sangye Gyatso completed the Potala Palace and kept the death of Lobsang Gyatso a secret for 15 years due to the growing political unrest. In 1697, he was succeeded by the Tsangyang Gyatso, who was a young and unconventional, with a taste for Romantic poetry. In 1701, there was a conflict between the Desi and Lhasang Khan, the Mongol King, in which Desi Sangye Gyatso died. The young Lama abandoned his monastic studies and chose outdoor life. He roamed around Lhasa, drank chang and sang songs. He disappeared after being taken by the Qing forces 7. Kelsang Gyatso (1708- 1757) Tibetans believed that Tsangyang Gyatso predicted his reincarnation when he wrote the song White crane, lend me your wings, I go no farther than Lithang, And thence, return again. Two years after the disappearance of Tsangyang Gyatso, Kelsang Gyatso was born. He was recognised and enthroned as a Lama with Chinese recognition. He revived Monastic discipline following the 6th Dalai Lama. He wrote many religious texts and prayers. 8. Jamphel Gyatso (1758-1804) During his time strong Qing influence was noticed in Tibetan affairs. At the age of seven, he took up monkhood. His time laid the groundwork for the foundation of the reorganisation of the Tibetan government. He died at the age of 47. 9. Tsultrim Gyatso (1805–1810) He was enthroned at the age of 5 and died at the age of 9. His premature death led to a prolonged search for his successor. 10. Tsultrim Gyatso (1816-1837) He also died young and followed by another period of instability in the Tibetan political landscape. 11. Khedrup Gyatso (1838-1856) Political instability marked his time he also died at a very young age. He became a monk at the age of eleven and died at the age of 18. 12. Trinley Gyatso (1856-1875) He took the oath of monkhood at the age of 5. In 1873, at the age of eighteen, he became the spiritual and political leader of Tibet. In 1875, he died at the age of 20 in the Potala Palace. 13. Thupten Gyatso (1876-1933) He modernised Tibet and tried to reform Tibet. At the age of six, he was ordained as a novice monk. At the age of 19 he took full monkhood. He resisted the strong British and Chinese influence. He went through the British invasion of Tibet in 1904 and the Chinese invasion of his country in 1909/10, but survived the ordeals of both experiences, with his authority enormously enhanced. He strengthened the Tibetan military and established Men-Tse-Khang (Tibetan Military and Astrology Institute). He died in 1933 without finishing his modernisation goal. 14. Tenzin Gyatso (Born 1935) He was enthroned in 1940 and assumed full political power in 1950. During the Chinese invasion, he fled to India in 1959. In 1989, he won the Nobel Peace Prize. Advocating a democratic Tibetan government-in-exile, he renounced his political role in 2011. Globally, he is revered as a voice for peace, compassion, and Tibetan rights. The role of the Dalai Lama has evolved from humble monk to spiritual monarch. They have shaped the destiny people of Tibet and still continue to do so. Their message is one of peace and compassion, which makes their legacy important for Tibet and Buddhism.

As the debate over the succession of the 14th Dalai Lama has heated up, we look at the full list of Lamas and the legacy they have left behind.

From 1st to the 14th: The full list of Dalai Lamas and their remarkable legacy

The 14th Dalai Lama was only 23 years old when he fled Tibet and sought refuge in India. This happened in the face of the Tibetan uprising in 1959, which was followed by the Chinese invasion of Lhasa, the Tibetan capital. Born Tenzin Gyatso, the Dalai Lama has led the Tibetan government in exile ever since fleeing to India. At one point, he was confused about whether to stay and negotiate with China or flee. A prophecy by an Oracle ultimately led him to decide to flee his country, as he feared detention and death. After Chinese soldiers surrounded Lhasa, he made a daring escape, walking through the Himalayas with family members and ministers of the government. They reached India on March 31, 1959, and soon after, he was granted political asylum by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.&nbsp;<h2>What is the problem between the Dalai Lama and China?</h2>&nbsp;China claims sovereignty over Tibet, asserting that its ties date back centuries. However, Tibet maintains it has a separate history and culture. After the Qing dynasty came to an end, the 13th Dalai Lama declared the independence of Tibet in 1913. However, the Chinese government was not happy and invaded Tibet in 1950, and took control of several regions. The next year, China and Tibet reached an agreement under which the latter would return under Chinese authority while maintaining autonomy. Beijing was against this status quo, and was virtually ruling Tibetan territories. Tibet went to the UN, but later pulled back from the appeal, hoping for a mutual agreement.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/fact-check-did-dalai-lama-cancel-meeting-with-us-vp-jd-vance-after-pope-francis-death-8989768">Fact Check: Did Dalai Lama 'cancel' meeting with US VP JD Vance after Pope Francis' death?</a>&nbsp;<h2>What is the prophecy connected to the Dalai Lama?</h2>&nbsp;But that did not happen. On 10 March 1959, the Chinese military surrounded Lhasa. The same day, Chinese military officer Zhang Jingwu invited the Dalai Lama to attend a dance show. Later, he was asked to come to the Chinese military headquarters without any bodyguards. It reeked of something fishy and a sinister plot. Tibetans demanded that he not accept the invitation. Meanwhile, the Dalai Lama could not make up his mind and so consulted the Tibetan State Oracle. He unravelled the situation and cleared the Dalai Lama's mind.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/tibetan-spiritual-leader-dalai-lama-gets-z-category-security-from-indian-govt-report-8719036">Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama gets Z-category security from Indian govt: Report</a>&nbsp;<h2>Why did the Dalai Lama flee from Tibet to India?</h2>&nbsp;The Oracle is a medium who can connect with the deity Pehar, also known as Dorje Drakden, who is believed to protect the Dalai Lamas. He goes into a trance and tells the Dalai Lama about the best course of action. The first time, the Oracle told him to stay and negotiate with the Chinese authorities. But the Dalai Lama was still doubtful and so connected with the deity himself. The second time also the Oracle also said the same thing. However, the third time, the Oracle told him to flee the same night. The Dalai Lama says that soon after he left, the Chinese attacked the Norbulingka palace, the place where the Dalai Lamas lived.&nbsp;https://www.wionews.com/videos/-dalai-lama-turns-90-how-his-successor-will-be-chosen-and-why-it-matters-1751342389768/embed&nbsp;<h2>Dalai Lama's journey to India</h2>&nbsp;The Oracle told him exactly what to do and where to go. He told the Dalai Lama to reach the last Tibetan village at the Indian border, and made a detailed route map. He then wore the Chinese Army uniform and walked through the crowds gathered in front of the Norbulingka palace, unrecognised. He started an arduous journey, walking through the Himalayas. He travelled at night and made stops at monasteries of the Khamba tribe. The world learned of his escape on 21 March, and on 26 March, the Dalai Lama wrote a letter to Nehru, explaining the situation. He entered India on 31 March 1959, and weeks later, set up the Tibetan government in exile in Dharamshala. &nbsp;

Dalai Lama China: Why did the Dalai Lama flee to India from Tibet? The world knows that it was because of a Chinese incursion. However, it was a divine prophecy by an Oracle that finally led him to leave Tibet and seek refuge in India.  

The 14th Dalai Lama was only 23 years old when he fled Tibet and sought refuge in India. This happened in the face of the Tibetan uprising in 1959, which was followed by the Chinese invasion of Lhasa, the Tibetan capital. Born Tenzin Gyatso, the Dalai Lama has led the Tibetan government in exile ever since fleeing to India. At one point, he was confused about whether to stay and negotiate with China or flee. A prophecy by an Oracle ultimately led him to decide to flee his country, as he feared detention and death. After Chinese soldiers surrounded Lhasa, he made a daring escape, walking through the Himalayas with family members and ministers of the government. They reached India on March 31, 1959, and soon after, he was granted political asylum by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. What is the problem between the Dalai Lama and China? China claims sovereignty over Tibet, asserting that its ties date back centuries. However, Tibet maintains it has a separate history and culture. After the Qing dynasty came to an end, the 13th Dalai Lama declared the independence of Tibet in 1913. However, the Chinese government was not happy and invaded Tibet in 1950, and took control of several regions. The next year, China and Tibet reached an agreement under which the latter would return under Chinese authority while maintaining autonomy. Beijing was against this status quo, and was virtually ruling Tibetan territories. Tibet went to the UN, but later pulled back from the appeal, hoping for a mutual agreement. Also Read: Fact Check: Did Dalai Lama 'cancel' meeting with US VP JD Vance after Pope Francis' death? What is the prophecy connected to the Dalai Lama? But that did not happen. On 10 March 1959, the Chinese military surrounded Lhasa. The same day, Chinese military officer Zhang Jingwu invited the Dalai Lama to attend a dance show. Later, he was asked to come to the Chinese military headquarters without any bodyguards. It reeked of something fishy and a sinister plot. Tibetans demanded that he not accept the invitation. Meanwhile, the Dalai Lama could not make up his mind and so consulted the Tibetan State Oracle. He unravelled the situation and cleared the Dalai Lama's mind. Also Read: Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama gets Z-category security from Indian govt: Report Why did the Dalai Lama flee from Tibet to India? The Oracle is a medium who can connect with the deity Pehar, also known as Dorje Drakden, who is believed to protect the Dalai Lamas. He goes into a trance and tells the Dalai Lama about the best course of action. The first time, the Oracle told him to stay and negotiate with the Chinese authorities. But the Dalai Lama was still doubtful and so connected with the deity himself. The second time also the Oracle also said the same thing. However, the third time, the Oracle told him to flee the same night. The Dalai Lama says that soon after he left, the Chinese attacked the Norbulingka palace, the place where the Dalai Lamas lived. https://www.wionews.com/videos/-dalai-lama-turns-90-how-his-successor-will-be-chosen-and-why-it-matters-1751342389768/embed Dalai Lama's journey to India The Oracle told him exactly what to do and where to go. He told the Dalai Lama to reach the last Tibetan village at the Indian border, and made a detailed route map. He then wore the Chinese Army uniform and walked through the crowds gathered in front of the Norbulingka palace, unrecognised. He started an arduous journey, walking through the Himalayas. He travelled at night and made stops at monasteries of the Khamba tribe. The world learned of his escape on 21 March, and on 26 March, the Dalai Lama wrote a letter to Nehru, explaining the situation. He entered India on 31 March 1959, and weeks later, set up the Tibetan government in exile in Dharamshala.

Dalai Lama 90th birthday: Why did the Dalai Lama flee to India from Tibet? The world knows that it was because of a Chinese incursion. However, it was a divine prophecy by an Oracle that finally led him to leave Tibet and seek refuge in India. &nbsp;

Dalai Lama 90th birthday: A mystic told Dalai Lama to flee to India. The same night, China attacked his residence

In India's Himachal Pradesh, Tibetan Buddhist monks performed the traditional cham dance at the Tsechu Fair to celebrate Guru Padmasambhava’s birth anniversary. Watch in for more details!

India: Vibrant Tsechu fair unfolds in Himachal Pradesh

The Dingri county region near Mount Everest in southern Tibet that was rattled by a massive 7.1 magnitude earthquake on Tuesday, has experienced an overwhelming 646 aftershocks, at least 16 of them of over 3.8 magnitude, according to officials.
Experts said aftershocks were common after a massive earthquake in the seismically active Himalayan region where the Indian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian plate, creating long fault lines along the Tibetan plateau.
China's official media put the number of aftershocks at 646 with the largest of magnitude 4.4.
The massive earthquake, pegged at a magnitude of 6.8 by the Chinese authorities, struck Dingri county in Xizang on Tuesday, leaving 126 dead and 188 others injured.
India's National Seismological Centre (NCS) said the main earthquake was of the magnitude of 7.1 and at least 16 aftershocks of magnitude 3.8 and above have been recorded in the region since Tuesday.
A preliminary analysis by the NCS suggests that the earthquakes were caused by normal faulting at shallow depths in the North-South direction.
A review of seismic activity over the past decade reveals that minor earthquakes have occurred in the vicinity of the mainshock region.
"This indicates a certain level of pre-existing seismicity in the area, potentially linked to the ongoing tectonic processes in the region," the NCS analysis said on Wednesday.
Regions farther away, such as Bihar, experienced moderate-intensity tremors which highlight the significant energy release near the epicentral zone.
"The earthquake was widely felt across several states in eastern and northeastern India, including Bihar, Sikkim, Assam, and West Bengal, as well as neighbouring regions," the NCS report said.
Within two hours of the event, more than 12 felt reports were submitted by residents from these states through the official website and mobile application, the report said.
"We are not surprised by the number of aftershocks. It will continue for many days, sometimes for months too. It is common, we had also seen it after the Kutch quake," A K Shukla, former head of the NCS said.
Shukla said, as a thumb rule, the magnitude of the aftershocks is always less than the main quake.
"The ground needs to be settled when there is destruction below the surface because of the massive quake. This quake was on a fault line and released a lot of stress and now, after the main, residual stress is being released," Shukla said.
The region near the India and Eurasia plate boundary has a history of large earthquakes.
In the past century, there have been 10 earthquakes of magnitude 6 and greater within 250 km of Tuesday's earthquake, the US Geological Services said.
This includes the 2015 magnitude 7.3 Nepal earthquake, located about 160 km to the southwest and the 1934 magnitude 8.0 earthquake, located about 160 to the south-southwest.
The 2015 magnitude 7.3 Nepal earthquake was an aftershock of the April 25, 2015 magnitude 7.8 Nepal earthquake.
Disclaimer: This story has been published from a news agency feed with minimal edits to adhere to WION's style guide. The headline may have been changed to better reflect the content of the story or to make it more suitable for WION audience.

World | The massive earthquake, pegged at a magnitude of 6.8 by the Chinese authorities, struck Dingri county in Xizang on Tuesday, leaving 126 dead and 188 others injured.

The Dingri county region near Mount Everest in southern Tibet that was rattled by a massive 7.1 magnitude earthquake on Tuesday, has experienced an overwhelming 646 aftershocks, at least 16 of them of over 3.8 magnitude, according to officials. Experts said aftershocks were common after a massive earthquake in the seismically active Himalayan region where the Indian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian plate, creating long fault lines along the Tibetan plateau. China's official media put the number of aftershocks at 646 with the largest of magnitude 4.4. The massive earthquake, pegged at a magnitude of 6.8 by the Chinese authorities, struck Dingri county in Xizang on Tuesday, leaving 126 dead and 188 others injured. India's National Seismological Centre (NCS) said the main earthquake was of the magnitude of 7.1 and at least 16 aftershocks of magnitude 3.8 and above have been recorded in the region since Tuesday. A preliminary analysis by the NCS suggests that the earthquakes were caused by normal faulting at shallow depths in the North-South direction. A review of seismic activity over the past decade reveals that minor earthquakes have occurred in the vicinity of the mainshock region. "This indicates a certain level of pre-existing seismicity in the area, potentially linked to the ongoing tectonic processes in the region," the NCS analysis said on Wednesday. Regions farther away, such as Bihar, experienced moderate-intensity tremors which highlight the significant energy release near the epicentral zone. "The earthquake was widely felt across several states in eastern and northeastern India, including Bihar, Sikkim, Assam, and West Bengal, as well as neighbouring regions," the NCS report said. Within two hours of the event, more than 12 felt reports were submitted by residents from these states through the official website and mobile application, the report said. "We are not surprised by the number of aftershocks. It will continue for many days, sometimes for months too. It is common, we had also seen it after the Kutch quake," A K Shukla, former head of the NCS said. Shukla said, as a thumb rule, the magnitude of the aftershocks is always less than the main quake. "The ground needs to be settled when there is destruction below the surface because of the massive quake. This quake was on a fault line and released a lot of stress and now, after the main, residual stress is being released," Shukla said. The region near the India and Eurasia plate boundary has a history of large earthquakes. In the past century, there have been 10 earthquakes of magnitude 6 and greater within 250 km of Tuesday's earthquake, the US Geological Services said. This includes the 2015 magnitude 7.3 Nepal earthquake, located about 160 km to the southwest and the 1934 magnitude 8.0 earthquake, located about 160 to the south-southwest. The 2015 magnitude 7.3 Nepal earthquake was an aftershock of the April 25, 2015 magnitude 7.8 Nepal earthquake. Disclaimer: This story has been published from a news agency feed with minimal edits to adhere to WION's style guide. The headline may have been changed to better reflect the content of the story or to make it more suitable for WION audience.

Tibet earthquake: Aftershocks continue to rattle region

China has stated that the construction of the dam will not have any negative environmental or geopolitical impacts, addressing concerns raised by neighboring countries and environmental groups regarding the dam's effects.

Tibet Earthquake: Tibetan Govt Blames China for Deadly Quake

A powerful earthquake struck Shigatse, Tibet, on Tuesday resulting in over 95 fatalities and around 50 aftershocks, causing significant destruction. While earthquakes are common in the region, large-scale infrastructure construction is not. Criticism has been directed at China's extensive mining and dam-building activities in Tibet, which are damaging the fragile ecosystem despite warnings about potential social and ecological impacts. This exploitation is contributing to the region's vulnerability to geological events.

Tibet Earthquake: How China has made the Himalayas vulnerable, stolen its wealth

Dams, especially large reservoirs, can trigger earthquakes due to the immense weight of water and pressure changes, leading to shifts in the Earth's crust. This phenomenon, known as reservoir-induced seismicity, has raised concerns about the safety of dam projects.

TIbet Earthquake: How Do Dams Trigger Earthquakes?

A series of aftershocks have hit China's Xizang Autonomous Region following  a deadly 6.8-magnitude earthquake Tuesday morning, and further tremors could be possible in the region. 95 people have been confirmed dead, and several injured as of 12:30 Tuesday.

Tibet Earthquake: Tremors Of 7.1 Magnitude Quake Felt In Delhi, Other Parts Of India | WION Dispatch

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