Here is a detailed, neutrally toned, and British English version of the story:
<hr>
Katy Perry Becomes First Pop Star to Sing in Space, Succeeding Where Others Fell Short
Katy Perry has become the first pop singer to perform in space, marking a new milestone in the intersection of entertainment and spaceflight. On 14 April 2025, Perry flew aboard Blue Origin&rsquo;s New Shepard rocket alongside five other women, all part of an all-female crew selected for the suborbital mission. During the brief journey, she sang &ldquo;What a Wonderful World&rdquo; after observing Earth from above, becoming the first artist to deliver a live vocal performance beyond the atmosphere.
<a href="https://x.com/blueorigin/status/1911759100859531504/photo/1" rel="dofollow">https://x.com/blueorigin/status/1911759100859531504/photo/1</a>
The achievement comes after years of speculation and attempts by other high-profile artists to reach space &mdash; efforts that, despite their visibility, did not come to fruition.
<h3>Lance Bass: Early Attempt with Soyuz</h3>
The first documented case of a pop singer preparing for space travel dates back to 2002, when NSYNC member Lance Bass underwent cosmonaut training in Russia. At age 23, Bass was scheduled to fly aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS). The trip, backed by a documentary project, would have cost $20 million. However, the mission was eventually cancelled after the project&rsquo;s insurance provider withdrew support shortly before launch. Despite the setback, Bass later said the training experience alone was valuable.
<h3>Beyonce and Jay-Z: Space Music Video Plans</h3>
In the early 2010s, reports emerged that Beyonce and Jay-Z were exploring the idea of recording a music video in space with Virgin Galactic. The couple was believed to be among the hundreds of individuals who had placed a reservation for a suborbital flight on the SpaceShipTwo vehicle. Although the company did not confirm the reservation, media speculation persisted. Following a fatal test flight accident in 2014, it remains unclear whether they retained their tickets.
<h3>Justin Bieber: Confirmed Ticket Holder</h3>
Singer Justin Bieber, along with his manager Scooter Braun, publicly confirmed a Virgin Galactic flight booking in 2013. Virgin Galactic founder Richard Branson welcomed them in a social media post at the time. Bieber also expressed interest in filming a music video in space. However, like other early ticket holders, he has yet to fly. Virgin Galactic&rsquo;s SpaceShipTwo has since been used for a series of test and commercial flights, though the company is now transitioning to its next-generation &ldquo;Delta&rdquo; spaceplanes, with passenger services expected to resume in 2026.
<h3>Lady Gaga: Planned Space Performance Delayed</h3>
Lady Gaga was also reported to have purchased a ticket on Virgin Galactic in 2013. She had planned to perform a song during a 2015 flight as part of a high-profile event, the &ldquo;Zero G Colony,&rdquo; at Spaceport America in New Mexico. However, Virgin Galactic's space tourism programme faced delays, and Gaga&rsquo;s flight was postponed indefinitely. She has not yet flown.
<h3>Sarah Brightman: Withdrawn from ISS Mission</h3>
British soprano Sarah Brightman was scheduled to travel to the International Space Station in 2015 as a space tourist through a deal with Russia&rsquo;s space agency. She began training in Star City, similar to Bass, but later withdrew from the flight due to &ldquo;personal family reasons.&rdquo; The seat was eventually filled by a different passenger.
<h3>A Milestone Amid Past Attempts</h3>
Katy Perry&rsquo;s successful suborbital journey makes her the first musical artist to perform in space, achieving what several others had aimed for over the past two decades. While other celebrities have participated in spaceflights through companies like Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic, Perry is the first from the pop music industry to combine the experience with a live vocal performance.
As private space travel becomes more accessible, more artists may follow in her footsteps. But for now, Perry&rsquo;s brief rendition of &ldquo;What a Wonderful World&rdquo; in microgravity stands as a first in music and space history.

The achievement comes after years of speculation and attempts by other high-profile artists to reach space — efforts that, despite their visibility, did not come to fruition.

Here is a detailed, neutrally toned, and British English version of the story: Katy Perry Becomes First Pop Star to Sing in Space, Succeeding Where Others Fell Short Katy Perry has become the first pop singer to perform in space, marking a new milestone in the intersection of entertainment and spaceflight. On 14 April 2025, Perry flew aboard Blue Origin’s New Shepard rocket alongside five other women, all part of an all-female crew selected for the suborbital mission. During the brief journey, she sang “What a Wonderful World” after observing Earth from above, becoming the first artist to deliver a live vocal performance beyond the atmosphere. https://x.com/blueorigin/status/1911759100859531504/photo/1 The achievement comes after years of speculation and attempts by other high-profile artists to reach space — efforts that, despite their visibility, did not come to fruition. Lance Bass: Early Attempt with Soyuz The first documented case of a pop singer preparing for space travel dates back to 2002, when NSYNC member Lance Bass underwent cosmonaut training in Russia. At age 23, Bass was scheduled to fly aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS). The trip, backed by a documentary project, would have cost $20 million. However, the mission was eventually cancelled after the project’s insurance provider withdrew support shortly before launch. Despite the setback, Bass later said the training experience alone was valuable. Beyonce and Jay-Z: Space Music Video Plans In the early 2010s, reports emerged that Beyonce and Jay-Z were exploring the idea of recording a music video in space with Virgin Galactic. The couple was believed to be among the hundreds of individuals who had placed a reservation for a suborbital flight on the SpaceShipTwo vehicle. Although the company did not confirm the reservation, media speculation persisted. Following a fatal test flight accident in 2014, it remains unclear whether they retained their tickets. Justin Bieber: Confirmed Ticket Holder Singer Justin Bieber, along with his manager Scooter Braun, publicly confirmed a Virgin Galactic flight booking in 2013. Virgin Galactic founder Richard Branson welcomed them in a social media post at the time. Bieber also expressed interest in filming a music video in space. However, like other early ticket holders, he has yet to fly. Virgin Galactic’s SpaceShipTwo has since been used for a series of test and commercial flights, though the company is now transitioning to its next-generation “Delta” spaceplanes, with passenger services expected to resume in 2026. Lady Gaga: Planned Space Performance Delayed Lady Gaga was also reported to have purchased a ticket on Virgin Galactic in 2013. She had planned to perform a song during a 2015 flight as part of a high-profile event, the “Zero G Colony,” at Spaceport America in New Mexico. However, Virgin Galactic's space tourism programme faced delays, and Gaga’s flight was postponed indefinitely. She has not yet flown. Sarah Brightman: Withdrawn from ISS Mission British soprano Sarah Brightman was scheduled to travel to the International Space Station in 2015 as a space tourist through a deal with Russia’s space agency. She began training in Star City, similar to Bass, but later withdrew from the flight due to “personal family reasons.” The seat was eventually filled by a different passenger. A Milestone Amid Past Attempts Katy Perry’s successful suborbital journey makes her the first musical artist to perform in space, achieving what several others had aimed for over the past two decades. While other celebrities have participated in spaceflights through companies like Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic, Perry is the first from the pop music industry to combine the experience with a live vocal performance. As private space travel becomes more accessible, more artists may follow in her footsteps. But for now, Perry’s brief rendition of “What a Wonderful World” in microgravity stands as a first in music and space history.

Katy Perry becomes first to sing in space, leaving behind Lady Gaga, Justice Bieber and others

Here&rsquo;s a detailed news story rephrased in a clear, British English format:
<hr>
SpaceX successfully launched the 10th mission under the United States National Reconnaissance Office's (NRO) "proliferated architecture" programme on Saturday, 20 April.
A Falcon 9 rocket lifted off from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California at 8:29 a.m. EDT (1229 GMT; 5:29 a.m. local time). The mission, designated NROL-145, deployed another set of small reconnaissance satellites into orbit. These satellites are part of the NRO's evolving strategy to rely on a broader network of cost-effective, small-scale satellites, rather than a limited number of larger, high-capability spacecraft.
NROL-145 marks the latest step in the NRO's shift towards distributed satellite systems aimed at improving the speed and reliability of intelligence collection. According to NRO Director Chris Scolese, the increased number of smaller satellites in orbit is expected to provide improved revisit rates, wider geographical coverage, and quicker access to information.
The launch proceeded as planned. Approximately eight minutes after liftoff, the Falcon 9&rsquo;s first stage successfully landed on a SpaceX drone ship stationed in the Pacific Ocean. This flight marked the 12th launch and recovery for the specific booster used in this mission.
The NRO did not release any specific details or visuals of the payload. SpaceX ended its livestream shortly after the booster landing at the NRO&rsquo;s request, and no footage from the upper stage or details of the satellites were shared. The agency typically maintains a high level of secrecy regarding its reconnaissance payloads.
While not officially confirmed, the satellites in the proliferated architecture programme are believed to be modified versions of SpaceX&rsquo;s Starlink internet satellites, enhanced with surveillance equipment tailored for government use.
The first of these missions was launched in May 2024. Since then, all 10 launches under the proliferated architecture initiative have used Falcon 9 rockets and have taken place from the Vandenberg site.
This approach, using a larger number of satellites deployed frequently, reflects a growing trend in space-based intelligence gathering. The method aims to increase operational resilience and responsiveness in a rapidly changing global environment.

These satellites are part of the NRO's evolving strategy to rely on a broader network of cost-effective, small-scale satellites, rather than a limited number of larger, high-capability spacecraft.

Here’s a detailed news story rephrased in a clear, British English format: SpaceX successfully launched the 10th mission under the United States National Reconnaissance Office's (NRO) "proliferated architecture" programme on Saturday, 20 April. A Falcon 9 rocket lifted off from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California at 8:29 a.m. EDT (1229 GMT; 5:29 a.m. local time). The mission, designated NROL-145, deployed another set of small reconnaissance satellites into orbit. These satellites are part of the NRO's evolving strategy to rely on a broader network of cost-effective, small-scale satellites, rather than a limited number of larger, high-capability spacecraft. NROL-145 marks the latest step in the NRO's shift towards distributed satellite systems aimed at improving the speed and reliability of intelligence collection. According to NRO Director Chris Scolese, the increased number of smaller satellites in orbit is expected to provide improved revisit rates, wider geographical coverage, and quicker access to information. The launch proceeded as planned. Approximately eight minutes after liftoff, the Falcon 9’s first stage successfully landed on a SpaceX drone ship stationed in the Pacific Ocean. This flight marked the 12th launch and recovery for the specific booster used in this mission. The NRO did not release any specific details or visuals of the payload. SpaceX ended its livestream shortly after the booster landing at the NRO’s request, and no footage from the upper stage or details of the satellites were shared. The agency typically maintains a high level of secrecy regarding its reconnaissance payloads. While not officially confirmed, the satellites in the proliferated architecture programme are believed to be modified versions of SpaceX’s Starlink internet satellites, enhanced with surveillance equipment tailored for government use. The first of these missions was launched in May 2024. Since then, all 10 launches under the proliferated architecture initiative have used Falcon 9 rockets and have taken place from the Vandenberg site. This approach, using a larger number of satellites deployed frequently, reflects a growing trend in space-based intelligence gathering. The method aims to increase operational resilience and responsiveness in a rapidly changing global environment.

'Web of Watchers': SpaceX sends 10th fleet of spy satellites into orbit for US reconnaissance

A new space mission concept led by researchers at ETH Zurich aims to determine how common life is in the universe &mdash; even if no signs of life are detected. Known as LIFE (Large Interferometer For Exoplanets), the proposed mission would use four space telescopes flying in formation around a central combiner spacecraft to examine rocky planets located in their stars' habitable zones.
The LIFE mission intends to investigate the atmospheres of exoplanets for biosignatures &mdash; chemical indicators of life such as oxygen, water vapour, methane, and others. Using a technique called nulling interferometry, the telescopes would cancel out the light of host stars, allowing the faint signals from orbiting planets to be observed. Although the telescopes would not directly image the planets, they would perform mid-infrared spectroscopy to identify atmospheric molecules.
Currently, LIFE remains a mission concept and has not been adopted by any space agency. However, scientists at ETH Zurich have been examining what such a mission could reveal even in the absence of a positive detection.
Using Bayesian statistical modelling, the team calculated how many Earth-like exoplanets the mission would need to survey to make a meaningful statement about the rarity of life. According to their analysis, if LIFE observed between 40 and 80 planets without detecting any biosignatures, it could suggest &mdash; with statistical confidence &mdash; that fewer than 10 to 20 per cent of similar planets in the galaxy host life.
The study highlights the importance of the chosen statistical approach. Bayesian statistics uses existing knowledge to refine probability estimates, while frequentist statistics relies on large samples and repeated trials. The researchers applied both methods to ensure robustness in their conclusions and found similar results from both approaches.
The team acknowledges that uncertainties remain. Biosignatures may be present but undetectable, or some planets might be misclassified as habitable. These factors could affect interpretations of the data.
Emily Garvin, a doctoral researcher at ETH Zurich, noted that different survey goals may require tailored statistical methods. The study presents a framework for adopting multiple approaches to interpret findings from future space-based observations.
Even if LIFE does not detect biosignatures, its observations could place upper limits on how common inhabited planets are &mdash; contributing to a broader understanding of life's distribution in the universe. The findings were published in The Astronomical Journal on 7 April.

LIFE remains a mission concept and has not been adopted by any space agency. However, scientists at ETH Zurich have been examining what such a mission could reveal even in the absence of a positive detection.

A new space mission concept led by researchers at ETH Zurich aims to determine how common life is in the universe — even if no signs of life are detected. Known as LIFE (Large Interferometer For Exoplanets), the proposed mission would use four space telescopes flying in formation around a central combiner spacecraft to examine rocky planets located in their stars' habitable zones. The LIFE mission intends to investigate the atmospheres of exoplanets for biosignatures — chemical indicators of life such as oxygen, water vapour, methane, and others. Using a technique called nulling interferometry, the telescopes would cancel out the light of host stars, allowing the faint signals from orbiting planets to be observed. Although the telescopes would not directly image the planets, they would perform mid-infrared spectroscopy to identify atmospheric molecules. Currently, LIFE remains a mission concept and has not been adopted by any space agency. However, scientists at ETH Zurich have been examining what such a mission could reveal even in the absence of a positive detection. Using Bayesian statistical modelling, the team calculated how many Earth-like exoplanets the mission would need to survey to make a meaningful statement about the rarity of life. According to their analysis, if LIFE observed between 40 and 80 planets without detecting any biosignatures, it could suggest — with statistical confidence — that fewer than 10 to 20 per cent of similar planets in the galaxy host life. The study highlights the importance of the chosen statistical approach. Bayesian statistics uses existing knowledge to refine probability estimates, while frequentist statistics relies on large samples and repeated trials. The researchers applied both methods to ensure robustness in their conclusions and found similar results from both approaches. The team acknowledges that uncertainties remain. Biosignatures may be present but undetectable, or some planets might be misclassified as habitable. These factors could affect interpretations of the data. Emily Garvin, a doctoral researcher at ETH Zurich, noted that different survey goals may require tailored statistical methods. The study presents a framework for adopting multiple approaches to interpret findings from future space-based observations. Even if LIFE does not detect biosignatures, its observations could place upper limits on how common inhabited planets are — contributing to a broader understanding of life's distribution in the universe. The findings were published in The Astronomical Journal on 7 April.

'Hunting for aliens': How a new space telescope called 'LIFE' could change everything

A new short documentary released by the European Space Agency (ESA) raises concerns about the increasing volume of debris orbiting Earth. Titled&nbsp;"Space Debris: Is it a Crisis?", the eight-minute film opens by stating that around 70 per cent of the approximately 20,000 satellites launched since the beginning of the space age remain in orbit. These are joined by hundreds of millions of smaller fragments created through collisions, explosions, and deliberate destruction.
The documentary examines the potential consequences of the rising number of satellite constellations, such as those deployed for global internet services. It notes that the increase in such constellations will likely add to the already growing population of orbital debris, as additional fragments are produced during launches and as non-operational satellites remain in space without retrieval mechanisms.
ESA&rsquo;s film uses data and orbital models to explore how debris can affect active satellites. Even small fragments, due to the high speeds involved in orbit, can significantly damage functioning spacecraft. In the event of a collision between two satellites, the consequences could be severe. The film also acknowledges that some debris re-enters Earth&rsquo;s atmosphere in an uncontrolled manner.
The documentary points out that different orbital zones face different levels of risk, with low Earth orbit&mdash;home to satellites used for communication, navigation, and climate monitoring&mdash;particularly vulnerable.
While discussing potential mitigation strategies, the film warns against hasty actions. It calls for a more considered approach to ensure that long-term sustainability is not undermined by short-term fixes. ESA underlines the complexity of addressing the debris issue without shifting the burden elsewhere.

The documentary points out that different orbital zones face different levels of risk, with low Earth orbit—home to satellites used for communication, navigation, and climate monitoring—particularly vulnerable.

A new short documentary released by the European Space Agency (ESA) raises concerns about the increasing volume of debris orbiting Earth. Titled "Space Debris: Is it a Crisis?", the eight-minute film opens by stating that around 70 per cent of the approximately 20,000 satellites launched since the beginning of the space age remain in orbit. These are joined by hundreds of millions of smaller fragments created through collisions, explosions, and deliberate destruction. The documentary examines the potential consequences of the rising number of satellite constellations, such as those deployed for global internet services. It notes that the increase in such constellations will likely add to the already growing population of orbital debris, as additional fragments are produced during launches and as non-operational satellites remain in space without retrieval mechanisms. ESA’s film uses data and orbital models to explore how debris can affect active satellites. Even small fragments, due to the high speeds involved in orbit, can significantly damage functioning spacecraft. In the event of a collision between two satellites, the consequences could be severe. The film also acknowledges that some debris re-enters Earth’s atmosphere in an uncontrolled manner. The documentary points out that different orbital zones face different levels of risk, with low Earth orbit—home to satellites used for communication, navigation, and climate monitoring—particularly vulnerable. While discussing potential mitigation strategies, the film warns against hasty actions. It calls for a more considered approach to ensure that long-term sustainability is not undermined by short-term fixes. ESA underlines the complexity of addressing the debris issue without shifting the burden elsewhere.

ESA new short film investigates impact of increasing orbital debris

Axiom Space is set to deploy its first two orbiting data centre nodes in low Earth orbit before the end of 2025. These initial satellites, ODC 1 and ODC 2, will mark the company&rsquo;s entry into the development of in-space cloud computing infrastructure.
The data centre nodes will be integrated with Kepler Communications&rsquo; upcoming optical relay constellation. Kepler, a Canada-based company, is planning to begin launches for its constellation in late 2025. Each of the 10 planned Kepler satellites will weigh approximately 260 kilograms, with two allocated for Axiom's data centre payloads.
The orbital data centres are designed to process Earth-observation data using artificial intelligence and machine learning directly in space. This approach aims to reduce the latency associated with transmitting data to Earth-based stations for processing and to improve bandwidth efficiency by only transmitting relevant data.
Currently, most satellite data is downlinked to ground stations for analysis, which can introduce delays and raise security concerns. By processing information in orbit, Axiom aims to minimise the risk of data interception and streamline the transfer of essential insights to end users.
The company&rsquo;s orbital data centre concept expands on earlier plans to include such capabilities on its future space station, scheduled for launch in 2027. According to Axiom, the new distributed approach&mdash;leveraging hosted payloads on third-party satellites&mdash;will support the delivery of cloud services to global clients.
Axiom has previously tested a smaller-scale computing payload, based on Amazon Web Services&rsquo; Snowcone device, aboard the International Space Station. A larger system, known as Data Centre Unit-1 (AxDCU-1), is due for launch soon, intended to validate hardware and software performance in preparation for the full deployment of ODCs.
Jason Aspiotis, Axiom Space&rsquo;s global director of in-space data and security, stated that the deployment of the first two nodes accelerates the company&rsquo;s broader plan to establish multiple free-flying computing units in orbit to meet increasing global demand.
The data centres will be linked to Kepler&rsquo;s network via high-speed 2.5 Gbps optical links, allowing for communication with other satellites and terrestrial data facilities.
Despite the progress, developers must still address technical challenges, such as protecting electronics from space radiation, which can significantly affect the durability of computing hardware in orbit.

The orbital data centres are designed to process Earth-observation data using artificial intelligence and machine learning directly in space

Axiom Space is set to deploy its first two orbiting data centre nodes in low Earth orbit before the end of 2025. These initial satellites, ODC 1 and ODC 2, will mark the company’s entry into the development of in-space cloud computing infrastructure. The data centre nodes will be integrated with Kepler Communications’ upcoming optical relay constellation. Kepler, a Canada-based company, is planning to begin launches for its constellation in late 2025. Each of the 10 planned Kepler satellites will weigh approximately 260 kilograms, with two allocated for Axiom's data centre payloads. The orbital data centres are designed to process Earth-observation data using artificial intelligence and machine learning directly in space. This approach aims to reduce the latency associated with transmitting data to Earth-based stations for processing and to improve bandwidth efficiency by only transmitting relevant data. Currently, most satellite data is downlinked to ground stations for analysis, which can introduce delays and raise security concerns. By processing information in orbit, Axiom aims to minimise the risk of data interception and streamline the transfer of essential insights to end users. The company’s orbital data centre concept expands on earlier plans to include such capabilities on its future space station, scheduled for launch in 2027. According to Axiom, the new distributed approach—leveraging hosted payloads on third-party satellites—will support the delivery of cloud services to global clients. Axiom has previously tested a smaller-scale computing payload, based on Amazon Web Services’ Snowcone device, aboard the International Space Station. A larger system, known as Data Centre Unit-1 (AxDCU-1), is due for launch soon, intended to validate hardware and software performance in preparation for the full deployment of ODCs. Jason Aspiotis, Axiom Space’s global director of in-space data and security, stated that the deployment of the first two nodes accelerates the company’s broader plan to establish multiple free-flying computing units in orbit to meet increasing global demand. The data centres will be linked to Kepler’s network via high-speed 2.5 Gbps optical links, allowing for communication with other satellites and terrestrial data facilities. Despite the progress, developers must still address technical challenges, such as protecting electronics from space radiation, which can significantly affect the durability of computing hardware in orbit.

'Orbiting data centre': Axiom Space sets stage for first cloud among the stars by late 2025

A whale shark measuring 60 feet in length has been observed in the Pacific Ocean, making it the largest specimen of its kind ever recorded in the region, according to a report from&nbsp;Animals Around the Globe. The sighting has drawn interest from marine scientists, as the species typically grows to between 18 and 33 feet, with rare individuals reaching up to 40 feet.
Whale sharks are the largest fish in the world and are known for their slow movements and filter-feeding behaviour. They consume plankton, krill, and small fish by swimming with their mouths open. Despite their size, they pose no threat to humans and are often encountered by divers in tropical and warm-temperate waters.
This particular whale shark was spotted near coastal areas commonly frequented by the species. Researchers consider the sighting an opportunity to further study aspects of whale shark biology, including feeding habits, migratory routes, and general behaviour. Given its exceptional size, the discovery is regarded as an important data point in understanding the species&rsquo; growth potential and habitat range.
Whale sharks contribute to marine ecosystems by helping regulate populations of plankton and small fish, which in turn supports the health of coral reefs and balances food webs. Their long migrations across global waters, including between the Philippines and the Gulf of Mexico, have been partially tracked through satellite tagging.
However, the species faces several conservation challenges. Overfishing, accidental capture, marine pollution, and habitat degradation continue to affect their populations. Their slow reproductive rates make them particularly vulnerable to population decline.
Marine conservationists are pushing for greater protection through marine reserves, regulatory frameworks, and public education. Advances in technology such as satellite tracking and underwater monitoring are enabling more detailed studies of whale sharks, helping inform conservation strategies aimed at preserving their numbers and habitats.

This particular whale shark was spotted near coastal areas commonly frequented by the species.

A whale shark measuring 60 feet in length has been observed in the Pacific Ocean, making it the largest specimen of its kind ever recorded in the region, according to a report from Animals Around the Globe. The sighting has drawn interest from marine scientists, as the species typically grows to between 18 and 33 feet, with rare individuals reaching up to 40 feet. Whale sharks are the largest fish in the world and are known for their slow movements and filter-feeding behaviour. They consume plankton, krill, and small fish by swimming with their mouths open. Despite their size, they pose no threat to humans and are often encountered by divers in tropical and warm-temperate waters. This particular whale shark was spotted near coastal areas commonly frequented by the species. Researchers consider the sighting an opportunity to further study aspects of whale shark biology, including feeding habits, migratory routes, and general behaviour. Given its exceptional size, the discovery is regarded as an important data point in understanding the species’ growth potential and habitat range. Whale sharks contribute to marine ecosystems by helping regulate populations of plankton and small fish, which in turn supports the health of coral reefs and balances food webs. Their long migrations across global waters, including between the Philippines and the Gulf of Mexico, have been partially tracked through satellite tagging. However, the species faces several conservation challenges. Overfishing, accidental capture, marine pollution, and habitat degradation continue to affect their populations. Their slow reproductive rates make them particularly vulnerable to population decline. Marine conservationists are pushing for greater protection through marine reserves, regulatory frameworks, and public education. Advances in technology such as satellite tracking and underwater monitoring are enabling more detailed studies of whale sharks, helping inform conservation strategies aimed at preserving their numbers and habitats.

Scientists discover largest fish ever in the depths of Pacific Ocean

NASA astronaut Sunita Williams, along with her Crew-9 crewmates, has returned to Earth after spending over nine months aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The Crew Dragon capsule, named&nbsp;Freedom, splashed down off the coast of Florida on Tuesday evening, marking the end of an unexpectedly prolonged mission that was initially planned for just 10 days.
As the hatch of Crew Dragon opened, Williams took her first breath of fresh air after 276 days in space. Like all astronauts returning from extended missions, she was assisted out of the spacecraft by the recovery team. Due to the effects of prolonged weightlessness, Williams was carried out on a stretcher, a common precaution as astronauts readjust to Earth&rsquo;s gravity.
<img src="https://img-cdn.thepublive.com/fit-in/580x348/filters:format(webp)/wion/media/post_attachments/17c444cd-bf6.png">
Extended stays in microgravity lead to muscle atrophy and bone density loss, making it difficult for returning astronauts to walk immediately. NASA follows a standard protocol to assess crew members' health upon landing, gradually reintroducing them to normal physical activity. Williams, who now holds the record for the second-longest cumulative time spent in space by a NASA astronaut at 608 days, will undergo medical evaluations and rehabilitation in the coming weeks.
Williams and her crewmate Butch Wilmore were originally sent to the ISS on Boeing&rsquo;s Starliner spacecraft for a short test mission in June 2024. However, technical issues with Starliner forced NASA to delay their return indefinitely. Ultimately, they were brought back aboard SpaceX&rsquo;s Crew Dragon along with NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksandr Gorbunov, who were also part of Crew-9&rsquo;s extended stay on the ISS.
<img src="https://img-cdn.thepublive.com/fit-in/580x348/filters:format(webp)/wion/media/post_attachments/e90795df-50a.png">
Speaking to mission control after landing, Williams expressed gratitude to the teams that worked on their safe return. "It&rsquo;s great to be back on Earth," she said.
Williams, Wilmore, Hague, and Gorbunov will spend the next few weeks at NASA&rsquo;s Johnson Space Center in Houston, undergoing post-flight recovery before resuming normal activities.

As the hatch of Crew Dragon opened, Williams took her first breath of fresh air after 276 days in space.

NASA astronaut Sunita Williams, along with her Crew-9 crewmates, has returned to Earth after spending over nine months aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The Crew Dragon capsule, named Freedom, splashed down off the coast of Florida on Tuesday evening, marking the end of an unexpectedly prolonged mission that was initially planned for just 10 days. As the hatch of Crew Dragon opened, Williams took her first breath of fresh air after 276 days in space. Like all astronauts returning from extended missions, she was assisted out of the spacecraft by the recovery team. Due to the effects of prolonged weightlessness, Williams was carried out on a stretcher, a common precaution as astronauts readjust to Earth’s gravity. Extended stays in microgravity lead to muscle atrophy and bone density loss, making it difficult for returning astronauts to walk immediately. NASA follows a standard protocol to assess crew members' health upon landing, gradually reintroducing them to normal physical activity. Williams, who now holds the record for the second-longest cumulative time spent in space by a NASA astronaut at 608 days, will undergo medical evaluations and rehabilitation in the coming weeks. Williams and her crewmate Butch Wilmore were originally sent to the ISS on Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft for a short test mission in June 2024. However, technical issues with Starliner forced NASA to delay their return indefinitely. Ultimately, they were brought back aboard SpaceX’s Crew Dragon along with NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksandr Gorbunov, who were also part of Crew-9’s extended stay on the ISS. Speaking to mission control after landing, Williams expressed gratitude to the teams that worked on their safe return. "It’s great to be back on Earth," she said. Williams, Wilmore, Hague, and Gorbunov will spend the next few weeks at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, undergoing post-flight recovery before resuming normal activities.

'Carried out on stretcher': NASA's Sunita Williams takes first breath of fresh air after 9 months

NASA astronauts Barry "Butch" Wilmore and Sunita "Suni" Williams have concluded a mission that extended far beyond its original timeline. Initially planned as a short-duration test of Boeing&rsquo;s Starliner spacecraft, the mission evolved into a nine-month stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS) due to technical challenges. The following timeline outlines key events in the mission&rsquo;s progression.
June 5, 2024: Starliner Launches The Starliner spacecraft lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket. The mission, known as the Crew Flight Test (CFT), aimed to evaluate Starliner&rsquo;s capabilities before it could be certified for routine astronaut transport.
June 6, 2024: Docking Delayed Due to Thruster Malfunctions Starliner encountered issues with its reaction-control system (RCS) thrusters while approaching the ISS. Five of the 28 thrusters failed, preventing an initial docking attempt. The mission team restored functionality to four of the five thrusters, allowing Starliner to dock successfully on its second attempt.
June 18, 2024: Return Delayed Due to Further Issues NASA postponed Starliner&rsquo;s return to Earth, originally scheduled for June 26, to assess and address technical issues, including helium leaks in the propulsion system. The decision extended Wilmore and Williams&rsquo; stay on the ISS beyond the initial 10-day plan.
July 2, 2024: NASA Extends Mission Beyond 45-Day Limit The mission&rsquo;s duration was officially extended past the originally planned 45-day maximum. NASA determined that the spacecraft&rsquo;s performance in orbit warranted further analysis before authorising a return.
August 24, 2024: NASA Confirms Starliner Will Return Uncrewed NASA and Boeing announced that Starliner would return to Earth without astronauts. Wilmore and Williams would remain on the ISS until alternative return arrangements could be made, with Crew-9&rsquo;s SpaceX Dragon capsule designated for their return.
August 30, 2024: Crew-9 Adjustments to Accommodate Starliner Crew NASA adjusted Crew-9&rsquo;s manifest, removing two astronauts&mdash;Zena Cardman and Stephanie Wilson&mdash;to make room for Wilmore and Williams on the return flight.
September 7, 2024: Starliner Returns Uncrewed Starliner successfully landed at White Sands Space Harbor, New Mexico, without astronauts on board. NASA continued its assessment of the vehicle&rsquo;s technical issues.
September 22, 2024: Sunita Williams Takes Command of ISS Following the departure of Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, Williams assumed command of the ISS. She continued overseeing operations while awaiting her return to Earth.
September 28, 2024: Crew-9 Launches to ISS A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched Crew-9 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. The mission carried two astronauts&mdash;Nick Hague (NASA) and Aleksandr Gorbunov (Roscosmos)&mdash;while reserving two seats on the Crew Dragon spacecraft for Wilmore and Williams&rsquo; eventual return.
November 12, 2024: Williams Addresses Health Concerns Speculation regarding Williams&rsquo; health due to the prolonged mission was dismissed in an interview from the ISS. She confirmed that she had maintained her physical fitness and remained in stable condition.
December 17, 2024: NASA Delays Return to March 2025 NASA announced that Crew-9 would remain on the ISS until Crew-10&rsquo;s arrival. Crew-10&rsquo;s launch was postponed due to issues with its new SpaceX Dragon spacecraft.
January 30, 2025: Williams Sets Spacewalk Record Williams conducted a 5.5-hour extravehicular activity (EVA) alongside Wilmore, setting a record for the most cumulative EVA time by a female astronaut.
February 11, 2025: NASA Moves Up Return Timeline NASA opted to use a flight-proven Dragon capsule, Endurance, for Crew-10 rather than wait for a new spacecraft. This adjustment allowed Crew-10 to launch in mid-March, enabling Crew-9&rsquo;s earlier-than-expected return.
March 14, 2025: Crew-10 Launches to ISS The Crew-10 mission launched from NASA&rsquo;s Kennedy Space Center, arriving at the ISS the following day, paving the way for Crew-9&rsquo;s departure.
March 18, 2025: Wilmore and Williams Return to Earth Crew-9&rsquo;s Dragon capsule, Freedom, undocked from the ISS at 1:05 a.m. EDT and was scheduled to splash down off the coast of Florida at 5:57 p.m. EDT, marking the conclusion of a mission that significantly exceeded its original duration.

Initially planned as a short-duration test of Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft, the mission evolved into a nine-month stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS) due to technical challenges.

NASA astronauts Barry "Butch" Wilmore and Sunita "Suni" Williams have concluded a mission that extended far beyond its original timeline. Initially planned as a short-duration test of Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft, the mission evolved into a nine-month stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS) due to technical challenges. The following timeline outlines key events in the mission’s progression. June 5, 2024: Starliner Launches The Starliner spacecraft lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket. The mission, known as the Crew Flight Test (CFT), aimed to evaluate Starliner’s capabilities before it could be certified for routine astronaut transport. June 6, 2024: Docking Delayed Due to Thruster Malfunctions Starliner encountered issues with its reaction-control system (RCS) thrusters while approaching the ISS. Five of the 28 thrusters failed, preventing an initial docking attempt. The mission team restored functionality to four of the five thrusters, allowing Starliner to dock successfully on its second attempt. June 18, 2024: Return Delayed Due to Further Issues NASA postponed Starliner’s return to Earth, originally scheduled for June 26, to assess and address technical issues, including helium leaks in the propulsion system. The decision extended Wilmore and Williams’ stay on the ISS beyond the initial 10-day plan. July 2, 2024: NASA Extends Mission Beyond 45-Day Limit The mission’s duration was officially extended past the originally planned 45-day maximum. NASA determined that the spacecraft’s performance in orbit warranted further analysis before authorising a return. August 24, 2024: NASA Confirms Starliner Will Return Uncrewed NASA and Boeing announced that Starliner would return to Earth without astronauts. Wilmore and Williams would remain on the ISS until alternative return arrangements could be made, with Crew-9’s SpaceX Dragon capsule designated for their return. August 30, 2024: Crew-9 Adjustments to Accommodate Starliner Crew NASA adjusted Crew-9’s manifest, removing two astronauts—Zena Cardman and Stephanie Wilson—to make room for Wilmore and Williams on the return flight. September 7, 2024: Starliner Returns Uncrewed Starliner successfully landed at White Sands Space Harbor, New Mexico, without astronauts on board. NASA continued its assessment of the vehicle’s technical issues. September 22, 2024: Sunita Williams Takes Command of ISS Following the departure of Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, Williams assumed command of the ISS. She continued overseeing operations while awaiting her return to Earth. September 28, 2024: Crew-9 Launches to ISS A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched Crew-9 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. The mission carried two astronauts—Nick Hague (NASA) and Aleksandr Gorbunov (Roscosmos)—while reserving two seats on the Crew Dragon spacecraft for Wilmore and Williams’ eventual return. November 12, 2024: Williams Addresses Health Concerns Speculation regarding Williams’ health due to the prolonged mission was dismissed in an interview from the ISS. She confirmed that she had maintained her physical fitness and remained in stable condition. December 17, 2024: NASA Delays Return to March 2025 NASA announced that Crew-9 would remain on the ISS until Crew-10’s arrival. Crew-10’s launch was postponed due to issues with its new SpaceX Dragon spacecraft. January 30, 2025: Williams Sets Spacewalk Record Williams conducted a 5.5-hour extravehicular activity (EVA) alongside Wilmore, setting a record for the most cumulative EVA time by a female astronaut. February 11, 2025: NASA Moves Up Return Timeline NASA opted to use a flight-proven Dragon capsule, Endurance, for Crew-10 rather than wait for a new spacecraft. This adjustment allowed Crew-10 to launch in mid-March, enabling Crew-9’s earlier-than-expected return. March 14, 2025: Crew-10 Launches to ISS The Crew-10 mission launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, arriving at the ISS the following day, paving the way for Crew-9’s departure. March 18, 2025: Wilmore and Williams Return to Earth Crew-9’s Dragon capsule, Freedom, undocked from the ISS at 1:05 a.m. EDT and was scheduled to splash down off the coast of Florida at 5:57 p.m. EDT, marking the conclusion of a mission that significantly exceeded its original duration.

NASA's Sunita Williams is back! Check the timeline of a 9-day space mission that turned into a 9-month nightmare

Sunita Williams Returns to Earth with Crew Dragon-9 After Extended ISS Mission
NASA astronaut Sunita Williams and her crewmate Butch Wilmore have successfully returned to Earth aboard SpaceX&rsquo;s Crew Dragon-9 capsule after an unexpectedly prolonged nine-month stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The spacecraft made a safe splashdown off the coast of Florida in the Gulf of Mexico at 3:27 a.m. IST on March 19, 2025.
<h3>Extended Mission Due to Starliner Delays</h3>
Williams and Wilmore initially arrived at the ISS in June 2024 on Boeing&rsquo;s Starliner as part of a test mission that was originally planned for just eight days. However, technical issues with the Starliner spacecraft resulted in an indefinite extension of their stay. As NASA worked on resolving the complications, the agency eventually decided to bring them back aboard a SpaceX capsule instead.
<h3>Successful Splashdown and Recovery</h3>
Crew Dragon-9, which carried Williams and Wilmore back to Earth, successfully completed its deorbit burn before re-entering the atmosphere and deploying its parachutes for a controlled descent into the ocean. NASA and SpaceX recovery teams were on standby to retrieve the capsule and ensure the astronauts' safe return to solid ground.
<h3>Medical Checks and Rehabilitation</h3>
Following their return, Williams and Wilmore will undergo thorough medical evaluations and post-mission debriefings. Spending an extended duration in space leads to physiological changes, including muscle atrophy and bone density loss, necessitating weeks of rehabilitation before they can fully adjust to Earth&rsquo;s gravity.
<h3>Sunita Williams&rsquo; Spaceflight Record</h3>
With this mission, Sunita Williams has now logged 608 cumulative days in space, making her the second-highest NASA astronaut in terms of total time spent in orbit. She still trails behind Peggy Whitson, who holds the record at 675 days.
<h3>Recognition from India</h3>
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and various dignitaries from India extended their congratulations to Williams, celebrating her achievements as a trailblazing astronaut of Indian origin. Williams&rsquo; perseverance and dedication continue to serve as an inspiration for aspiring astronauts and space enthusiasts worldwide.
Her return marks the end of an unforeseen challenge but highlights the resilience of astronauts in the face of adversity, as well as the critical role of international collaboration in space exploration.

Crew Dragon-9, which carried Williams and Wilmore back to Earth, successfully completed its deorbit burn before re-entering the atmosphere and deploying its parachutes for a controlled descent into the ocean.

Sunita Williams Returns to Earth with Crew Dragon-9 After Extended ISS Mission NASA astronaut Sunita Williams and her crewmate Butch Wilmore have successfully returned to Earth aboard SpaceX’s Crew Dragon-9 capsule after an unexpectedly prolonged nine-month stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The spacecraft made a safe splashdown off the coast of Florida in the Gulf of Mexico at 3:27 a.m. IST on March 19, 2025. Extended Mission Due to Starliner Delays Williams and Wilmore initially arrived at the ISS in June 2024 on Boeing’s Starliner as part of a test mission that was originally planned for just eight days. However, technical issues with the Starliner spacecraft resulted in an indefinite extension of their stay. As NASA worked on resolving the complications, the agency eventually decided to bring them back aboard a SpaceX capsule instead. Successful Splashdown and Recovery Crew Dragon-9, which carried Williams and Wilmore back to Earth, successfully completed its deorbit burn before re-entering the atmosphere and deploying its parachutes for a controlled descent into the ocean. NASA and SpaceX recovery teams were on standby to retrieve the capsule and ensure the astronauts' safe return to solid ground. Medical Checks and Rehabilitation Following their return, Williams and Wilmore will undergo thorough medical evaluations and post-mission debriefings. Spending an extended duration in space leads to physiological changes, including muscle atrophy and bone density loss, necessitating weeks of rehabilitation before they can fully adjust to Earth’s gravity. Sunita Williams’ Spaceflight Record With this mission, Sunita Williams has now logged 608 cumulative days in space, making her the second-highest NASA astronaut in terms of total time spent in orbit. She still trails behind Peggy Whitson, who holds the record at 675 days. Recognition from India Prime Minister Narendra Modi and various dignitaries from India extended their congratulations to Williams, celebrating her achievements as a trailblazing astronaut of Indian origin. Williams’ perseverance and dedication continue to serve as an inspiration for aspiring astronauts and space enthusiasts worldwide. Her return marks the end of an unforeseen challenge but highlights the resilience of astronauts in the face of adversity, as well as the critical role of international collaboration in space exploration.

'Splashdown': NASA's Sunita Williams successfully lands on Earth, Crew Dragon maintains 100% safety record

Europe&rsquo;s Ariane 6 commercial launch has been postponed for the second time due to an anomaly detected on the ground, French aerospace company Arianespace announced on Monday. The mission was set to take off from the Kourou spaceport in French Guiana but was called off minutes before launch. Arianespace CEO David Cavailloles confirmed that the decision to delay the launch was necessary and that it would not take place on the scheduled day.
The first commercial flight of Ariane 6 was initially scheduled for 26 February but was delayed due to a previous anomaly. Arianespace has not provided a revised launch date.
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<h2>CSO-3 Satellite</h2>
The mission aims to deploy the CSO-3 satellite, developed for the French Defence Procurement and Technology Agency (DGA) and the French space agency CNES, on behalf of the French Air and Space Force&rsquo;s Space Command (CDE). The satellite is part of the Optical Space Component (CSO) programme, which enhances France&rsquo;s defence and reconnaissance capabilities.
Ariane 6 is Europe&rsquo;s next-generation heavy-lift launcher, designed to succeed the Ariane 5 rocket. It comes in two configurations: Ariane 62, equipped with two boosters, and Ariane 64, with four boosters for higher payload capacity.
The Ariane 62 version was set to carry the CSO-3 satellite into a sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of approximately 800 km. The satellite was expected to separate from the rocket around an hour and six minutes after launch. The CSO-3 satellite is the third and final component of the CSO constellation, joining CSO-1, launched in December 2018, and CSO-2, launched in December 2020.
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The satellites are supposed to be positioned in different sun-synchronous orbits to perform distinct roles: CSO-1 and CSO-3 focus on reconnaissance, covering operational theatres, and providing revisit capability, while CSO-2 is dedicated to high-resolution imaging and analysis. The constellation is designed to support the Multinational Space-based Imaging System (MUSIS), an initiative led by the DGA.&nbsp;
The CSO satellites are built by Airbus Defence and Space, with Thales Alenia Space supplying the very high-resolution optical imaging instrument. Each satellite has an expected operational lifespan of ten years. Arianespace has been working closely with CNES and the French military to ensure the successful deployment of the CSO-3 satellite, but further technical evaluations will now be required before a new launch date is confirmed.

Science: ESA's Ariane 6 mission was set to take off from the Kourou spaceport in French Guiana but was called off minutes before launch due to a ground system anomaly.

Europe’s Ariane 6 commercial launch has been postponed for the second time due to an anomaly detected on the ground, French aerospace company Arianespace announced on Monday. The mission was set to take off from the Kourou spaceport in French Guiana but was called off minutes before launch. Arianespace CEO David Cavailloles confirmed that the decision to delay the launch was necessary and that it would not take place on the scheduled day. The first commercial flight of Ariane 6 was initially scheduled for 26 February but was delayed due to a previous anomaly. Arianespace has not provided a revised launch date. Also read: 'Thermonuclear blast': A star is about to explode in deep space and it will be visible from Earth CSO-3 Satellite The mission aims to deploy the CSO-3 satellite, developed for the French Defence Procurement and Technology Agency (DGA) and the French space agency CNES, on behalf of the French Air and Space Force’s Space Command (CDE). The satellite is part of the Optical Space Component (CSO) programme, which enhances France’s defence and reconnaissance capabilities. Ariane 6 is Europe’s next-generation heavy-lift launcher, designed to succeed the Ariane 5 rocket. It comes in two configurations: Ariane 62, equipped with two boosters, and Ariane 64, with four boosters for higher payload capacity. The Ariane 62 version was set to carry the CSO-3 satellite into a sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of approximately 800 km. The satellite was expected to separate from the rocket around an hour and six minutes after launch. The CSO-3 satellite is the third and final component of the CSO constellation, joining CSO-1, launched in December 2018, and CSO-2, launched in December 2020. Also read: '36 billion suns inside': NASA's Hubble Telescope discovers one of the largest black hole hiding inside an Einstein Ring The satellites are supposed to be positioned in different sun-synchronous orbits to perform distinct roles: CSO-1 and CSO-3 focus on reconnaissance, covering operational theatres, and providing revisit capability, while CSO-2 is dedicated to high-resolution imaging and analysis. The constellation is designed to support the Multinational Space-based Imaging System (MUSIS), an initiative led by the DGA. The CSO satellites are built by Airbus Defence and Space, with Thales Alenia Space supplying the very high-resolution optical imaging instrument. Each satellite has an expected operational lifespan of ten years. Arianespace has been working closely with CNES and the French military to ensure the successful deployment of the CSO-3 satellite, but further technical evaluations will now be required before a new launch date is confirmed.

ESA's Ariane 6 launch delayed again due to ground system anomaly

James Harrison, an Australian known for his rare blood plasma that helped save the lives of more than 2.4 million babies, has died at the age of 88. His family confirmed that he passed away in his sleep at a nursing home in New South Wales on 17 February.
Harrison, referred to as the &ldquo;man with the golden arm,&rdquo; carried a rare antibody, Anti-D, in his blood, which was used to create medication for pregnant women at risk of their immune system attacking their unborn child.
James Harrison, an Australian blood donor whose rare plasma helped save the lives of more than 2.4 million babies, has died at the age of 88. His family confirmed that he passed away in his sleep at a nursing home in New South Wales on 17 February. Harrison, known as the &ldquo;man with the golden arm,&rdquo; had a rare antibody in his blood called Anti-D, which was used to create medication for pregnant women at risk of their immune system attacking their unborn babies.
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Harrison began donating blood plasma at 18 and continued every two weeks until the age of 81. He had pledged to become a donor after undergoing major chest surgery at 14, during which he received multiple blood transfusions.
The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, also known as Lifeblood, paid tribute to Harrison, recognising his decades of commitment to blood donation. In 2005, he held the world record for the most blood plasma donations, a title he maintained until 2022. His daughter, Tracey Mellowship, said he took pride in the lives he had helped save and encouraged others to donate, saying the process was painless and could one day save their own lives. She and two of Harrison&rsquo;s grandchildren were also recipients of Anti-D immunisations. &nbsp;
<h2>Anti-D injections&nbsp;</h2>
Anti-D injections are used to prevent haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN), a condition that arises when a mother&rsquo;s immune system attacks an unborn baby&rsquo;s red blood cells due to blood type incompatibility. Before the introduction of Anti-D treatment in the 1960s, the condition had a high fatality rate, with half of the affected babies not surviving. Harrison&rsquo;s ability to produce Anti-D in high quantities may have been linked to the extensive blood transfusions he received as a teenager.&nbsp;
Currently, fewer than 200 donors in Australia provide Anti-D plasma, supporting approximately 45,000 mothers and babies each year. Lifeblood, in collaboration with the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, is working to replicate Anti-D antibodies in a laboratory to develop a synthetic alternative.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/science-technology/more-valuable-than-gold-satellite-galaxies-hold-clues-to-the-value-of-dark-matter-in-deep-space-8768262">'More valuable than Gold': Satellite galaxies hold clues to the value of 'Dark Matter' in deep space</a>
Researchers hope that lab-produced Anti-D can eventually be made available to pregnant women worldwide. Lifeblood&rsquo;s research director, David Irving, noted the challenges in maintaining a steady supply, as only a small number of donors can produce antibodies in the required quality and quantity. The development of an alternative treatment remains a priority for researchers.
(With input from agencies)

World Science Trending: The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, also known as Lifeblood, paid tribute to Harrison, recognising his decades of commitment to blood donation.

James Harrison, an Australian known for his rare blood plasma that helped save the lives of more than 2.4 million babies, has died at the age of 88. His family confirmed that he passed away in his sleep at a nursing home in New South Wales on 17 February. Harrison, referred to as the “man with the golden arm,” carried a rare antibody, Anti-D, in his blood, which was used to create medication for pregnant women at risk of their immune system attacking their unborn child. James Harrison, an Australian blood donor whose rare plasma helped save the lives of more than 2.4 million babies, has died at the age of 88. His family confirmed that he passed away in his sleep at a nursing home in New South Wales on 17 February. Harrison, known as the “man with the golden arm,” had a rare antibody in his blood called Anti-D, which was used to create medication for pregnant women at risk of their immune system attacking their unborn babies. Also read: 'Thermonuclear blast': A star is about to explode in deep space and it will be visible from Earth Harrison began donating blood plasma at 18 and continued every two weeks until the age of 81. He had pledged to become a donor after undergoing major chest surgery at 14, during which he received multiple blood transfusions. The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, also known as Lifeblood, paid tribute to Harrison, recognising his decades of commitment to blood donation. In 2005, he held the world record for the most blood plasma donations, a title he maintained until 2022. His daughter, Tracey Mellowship, said he took pride in the lives he had helped save and encouraged others to donate, saying the process was painless and could one day save their own lives. She and two of Harrison’s grandchildren were also recipients of Anti-D immunisations. Anti-D injections Anti-D injections are used to prevent haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN), a condition that arises when a mother’s immune system attacks an unborn baby’s red blood cells due to blood type incompatibility. Before the introduction of Anti-D treatment in the 1960s, the condition had a high fatality rate, with half of the affected babies not surviving. Harrison’s ability to produce Anti-D in high quantities may have been linked to the extensive blood transfusions he received as a teenager. Currently, fewer than 200 donors in Australia provide Anti-D plasma, supporting approximately 45,000 mothers and babies each year. Lifeblood, in collaboration with the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, is working to replicate Anti-D antibodies in a laboratory to develop a synthetic alternative. Also read: 'More valuable than Gold': Satellite galaxies hold clues to the value of 'Dark Matter' in deep space Researchers hope that lab-produced Anti-D can eventually be made available to pregnant women worldwide. Lifeblood’s research director, David Irving, noted the challenges in maintaining a steady supply, as only a small number of donors can produce antibodies in the required quality and quantity. The development of an alternative treatment remains a priority for researchers. (With input from agencies)

‘Man with the golden arm’: Australian who saved lives of 2.4 million babies, dies at the age of 88

Scientists have determined that a fossilised plant first discovered near a ghost town in Utah 55 years ago does not belong to any currently known plant family, either living or extinct. The plant, named&nbsp;Othniophyton elongatum, was initially identified in 1969 when researchers found fossilised leaves and believed it could be related to ginseng.
A recent study has challenged this hypothesis. Steven Manchester, curator of palaeobotany at the Florida Museum of Natural History, came across a well-preserved plant fossil in the University of California, Berkeley&rsquo;s palaeobotany collection. The fossil originated from the same area as the Othniophyton leaves. Manchester&rsquo;s research team analysed the specimen and concluded it belonged to the same species. Their findings were published on 9 November in the Annals of Botany.
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Both fossils were excavated from the Green River Formation in eastern Utah, near the now-abandoned town of Rainbow. Around 47 million years ago, the region was a lake ecosystem near active volcanoes. The combination of lake sediments and volcanic ash preserved the remains of fish, reptiles, birds, and plants.
Unlike the original fossil, the specimen at UC Berkeley contained leaves, flowers, and fruits. The researchers compared its physical features with existing plant families but found no match. The structure differed significantly from ginseng-related plants, leading scientists to discount the previous classification.
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The Florida Museum of Natural History later used advanced microscopy and artificial intelligence technology to study the fossil further. They identified micro-impressions of developing seeds and stamens that remained attached to mature fruits, a characteristic not observed in modern plants.
Attempts to link Othniophyton elongatum to any known extinct plant families were also unsuccessful. This discovery follows previous findings from the Green River Formation, where fossilised fruits and leaves of unidentified plants have led to the recognition of extinct groups. Scientists continue to examine these fossils to understand the region&rsquo;s ancient plant diversity.

Around 47 million years ago, the region was a lake ecosystem near active volcanoes. The combination of lake sediments and volcanic ash preserved the remains of fish, reptiles, birds, and plants.

Scientists have determined that a fossilised plant first discovered near a ghost town in Utah 55 years ago does not belong to any currently known plant family, either living or extinct. The plant, named Othniophyton elongatum, was initially identified in 1969 when researchers found fossilised leaves and believed it could be related to ginseng. A recent study has challenged this hypothesis. Steven Manchester, curator of palaeobotany at the Florida Museum of Natural History, came across a well-preserved plant fossil in the University of California, Berkeley’s palaeobotany collection. The fossil originated from the same area as the Othniophyton leaves. Manchester’s research team analysed the specimen and concluded it belonged to the same species. Their findings were published on 9 November in the Annals of Botany. Also read: 'Invisible space bomb': Asteroid YR4 to disappear in April, leaving Earth defenceless until 2028 Both fossils were excavated from the Green River Formation in eastern Utah, near the now-abandoned town of Rainbow. Around 47 million years ago, the region was a lake ecosystem near active volcanoes. The combination of lake sediments and volcanic ash preserved the remains of fish, reptiles, birds, and plants. Unlike the original fossil, the specimen at UC Berkeley contained leaves, flowers, and fruits. The researchers compared its physical features with existing plant families but found no match. The structure differed significantly from ginseng-related plants, leading scientists to discount the previous classification. Also read: 'Metal foam': ISRO's Bhartiya Space Station to get an upgrade from the researchers of IIT-Madras The Florida Museum of Natural History later used advanced microscopy and artificial intelligence technology to study the fossil further. They identified micro-impressions of developing seeds and stamens that remained attached to mature fruits, a characteristic not observed in modern plants. Attempts to link Othniophyton elongatum to any known extinct plant families were also unsuccessful. This discovery follows previous findings from the Green River Formation, where fossilised fruits and leaves of unidentified plants have led to the recognition of extinct groups. Scientists continue to examine these fossils to understand the region’s ancient plant diversity.

Not from this world? Scientists discover mysterious 'alien plant' fossil near Utah's ghost town

A recent study, which was conducted to determine the origin of iron smelting, found that meteoric iron was present in Early Iron Age ornaments in Poland.&nbsp;
Meteoric iron, also known as meteorite iron, is a type of iron that originates from meteorites. They are fragments of asteroids or other celestial bodies that have fallen to Earth.&nbsp;
Meteoric iron is formed when a meteorite enters Earth's atmosphere and undergoes intense heat and pressure, causing the iron to melt and solidify into a unique crystalline structure.&nbsp;
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The study, published in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, has been carried out by Dr Albert Jambon and his colleagues.&nbsp;
"The point of my research is to find out who, when, and where the iron smelting was discovered. To that end, we need to analyze archaeological irons and check whether they are meteoritic or smelted," Dr Albert Jambon said as quoted by phys.org.&nbsp;
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To conduct the study, the researchers analysed two Early Iron Age cemeteries and their iron artefacts, Częstochowa-Rak&oacute;w and Częstochowa-Mir&oacute;w.&nbsp;
The cemeteries, which belonged to the Lusatian Culture, are located in southern Poland, roughly 6 km apart. They were dated to the Hallstatt C to C/D period, ca. 750&ndash;600 BCE.&nbsp;
The researchers recovered 26 iron artefacts, including bracelets, ankle rings, knives, spearheads and necklaces, from the various graves. They used a variety of analytical methods, such as X-ray microtomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) analysis, to ascertain the material composition and elemental distribution.&nbsp;
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<h2>What did the expert say?&nbsp;</h2>
The researcher found that four of the artefacts were at least partially composed of meteoric iron. They studied nickel levels in the iron to determine that the iron artefacts had been made from an ataxite meteorite, which is an extremely rare iron meteorite with a high nickel content.&nbsp;
"We can conclude that there is a high likelihood that there was a witnessed fall rather than a lucky find. Iron meteorites may be large (hundreds of kg), but this may actually be a problem. Large pieces are not workable, and you need to separate small pieces (less than one kg), which is hardly possible with the tools of the Iron Age (see, e.g., the pieces of iron worked by the Inuits)," Dr Jambon explained.&nbsp;
(With inputs from agencies)

Science & Tech | Learn about the unique ataxite meteorite's role in early iron artefacts, featuring high nickel content, indicating rare celestial origins for these ancient relics.

A recent study, which was conducted to determine the origin of iron smelting, found that meteoric iron was present in Early Iron Age ornaments in Poland. Meteoric iron, also known as meteorite iron, is a type of iron that originates from meteorites. They are fragments of asteroids or other celestial bodies that have fallen to Earth. Meteoric iron is formed when a meteorite enters Earth's atmosphere and undergoes intense heat and pressure, causing the iron to melt and solidify into a unique crystalline structure. Also read: A video game tool can accurately identify autism in children with 80% success rate The study, published in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, has been carried out by Dr Albert Jambon and his colleagues. "The point of my research is to find out who, when, and where the iron smelting was discovered. To that end, we need to analyze archaeological irons and check whether they are meteoritic or smelted," Dr Albert Jambon said as quoted by phys.org. Also read: New Study reveals how materials can ‘remember’ past forces To conduct the study, the researchers analysed two Early Iron Age cemeteries and their iron artefacts, Częstochowa-Raków and Częstochowa-Mirów. The cemeteries, which belonged to the Lusatian Culture, are located in southern Poland, roughly 6 km apart. They were dated to the Hallstatt C to C/D period, ca. 750–600 BCE. The researchers recovered 26 iron artefacts, including bracelets, ankle rings, knives, spearheads and necklaces, from the various graves. They used a variety of analytical methods, such as X-ray microtomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) analysis, to ascertain the material composition and elemental distribution. Also read: Can divorce be predicted? Study explores relationship between people's values and divorce What did the expert say? The researcher found that four of the artefacts were at least partially composed of meteoric iron. They studied nickel levels in the iron to determine that the iron artefacts had been made from an ataxite meteorite, which is an extremely rare iron meteorite with a high nickel content. "We can conclude that there is a high likelihood that there was a witnessed fall rather than a lucky find. Iron meteorites may be large (hundreds of kg), but this may actually be a problem. Large pieces are not workable, and you need to separate small pieces (less than one kg), which is hardly possible with the tools of the Iron Age (see, e.g., the pieces of iron worked by the Inuits)," Dr Jambon explained. (With inputs from agencies)

Meteoric iron present in early Iron Age ornaments in Poland: Study

<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">The 61st Munich Security Conference opened with a deluge of high-stakes discussions focused on the ongoing&nbsp;Ukraine-Russia conflict, with global leaders offering divergent visions for peace and security in Europe.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">The conference commenced at the Bayerischer Hof with&nbsp;German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier setting the tone, underlining the resilience of democracy amidst global challenges. He was joined by Bavarian State Premier Markus S&ouml;der, highlighting the regional significance of these international dialogues.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/we-will-create-nato-in-ukraine-zelensky-on-nato-ambitions-trumps-personal-number-and-more-8722093">&lsquo;We will create NATO in Ukraine&rsquo;: Zelensky on NATO ambitions, Trump&rsquo;s personal number, and more</a></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addressed the EU's role on the global stage, advocating for a stronger, more autonomous European defence strategy. Her remarks underscored the necessity for the EU to assert itself in international affairs, particularly in light of the Ukraine crisis.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">US Vice President JD Vance, in his address on "US in the world," criticised European leaders for what he perceived as a fear of their own electorate and a failure to uphold democratic principles. Vance's critique came alongside his comments on Europe needing to take a more significant role in its security, especially with the shifting US policy landscape under the&nbsp;Trump administration.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">The conference also featured Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, who spoke on "China in the world," advocating for peace through dialogue and mutual respect, positioning China as a proponent of a multipolar world order.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"> Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/we-will-create-nato-in-ukraine-zelensky-on-nato-ambitions-trumps-personal-number-and-more-8722093">&lsquo;We will create NATO in Ukraine&rsquo;: Zelensky on NATO ambitions, Trump&rsquo;s personal number, and more</a></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">A key moment was the panel on strengthening the United Nations, where leaders from Congo, Ghana, and EU officials, alongside the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, discussed the need for UN reform amidst global fragmentation.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">Parallel to these discussions, the Ukraine-Russia conflict dominated the agenda. French President Emmanuel Macron warned against any peace deal that would amount to "capitulation" for Ukraine, stressing that only Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy should negotiate on behalf of his country. This comes amid Donald Trump's recent statements suggesting peace talks, which have raised concerns about Ukraine's inclusion in these negotiations.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">Zelenskyy, present at the conference, reiterated his firm stance against any deal that does not consider Ukraine's sovereignty, meeting with US officials, including Vice President Vance, to discuss ongoing support and the future of Ukrainian defence.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">The conference also reacted to recent Russian drone strikes in Moldova and Romania, highlighting the escalating tensions and the potential for broader conflict in the region. This incident prompted both nations to summon Russian ambassadors, signalling a sharp rebuke to Moscow's actions.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">Throughout the day, the theme of European unity and support for Ukraine was palpable, with leaders expressing a commitment to back Kyiv, even if US policy under Trump might waver. The discussions were not just about immediate peace but also about setting a framework for long-term security and stability in Europe.</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/ukraines-zelensky-demands-real-security-guarantees-from-us-vice-president-vance-during-talks-in-munich-8722269">&lsquo;We want peace very much, but&hellip;&rsquo;: Zelensky demands &lsquo;real security guarantees&rsquo; from Vance during talks in Munich</a></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">
<h2>India's Stand</h2>
Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar expressed confidence in India's democratic progress, emphasizing that the system has effectively delivered. Speaking about India's electoral process, he highlighted recent elections in Delhi and the 2024 parliamentary polls.
Participating in a panel discussion titled "Live to Vote Another Day: Fortifying Democratic Resilience" at the Munich Security Conference on Friday, alongside Norway's Prime Minister Jonas Gahr St&oslash;re, US&nbsp;Senator Elissa Slotkin, and Warsaw Mayor Rafał Trzaskowski, Jaishankar countered the notion that democracy is in decline globally, citing India's example.
When asked about his perspective on Western democracy, Jaishankar remarked, "Before I answer that, I seem to be the optimist in what is otherwise a largely pessimistic panel, if not room. Let me begin by raising my finger&mdash;don&rsquo;t take it the wrong way, it's the index finger. The mark on my nail signifies that I recently voted. My state just held an election, and last year, we had a national election. In India, about two-thirds of eligible voters participate. In our national elections, with an electorate of approximately 900 million, around 700 million people voted. We count all the votes in a single day."
</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1kt6imw">As the Munich Security Conference continues, the world watches closely, hoping for pathways towards peace that do not undermine the sovereignty and democratic aspirations of Ukraine. The conference's blend of critique, caution, and commitment reflects the complex web of international relations in our time.</div>

US Vice President JD Vance, in his address on "US in the world," criticised European leaders for what he perceived as a fear of their own electorate and a failure to uphold democratic principles.

The 61st Munich Security Conference opened with a deluge of high-stakes discussions focused on the ongoing Ukraine-Russia conflict, with global leaders offering divergent visions for peace and security in Europe. The conference commenced at the Bayerischer Hof with German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier setting the tone, underlining the resilience of democracy amidst global challenges. He was joined by Bavarian State Premier Markus Söder, highlighting the regional significance of these international dialogues. Also read: ‘We will create NATO in Ukraine’: Zelensky on NATO ambitions, Trump’s personal number, and more European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addressed the EU's role on the global stage, advocating for a stronger, more autonomous European defence strategy. Her remarks underscored the necessity for the EU to assert itself in international affairs, particularly in light of the Ukraine crisis. US Vice President JD Vance, in his address on "US in the world," criticised European leaders for what he perceived as a fear of their own electorate and a failure to uphold democratic principles. Vance's critique came alongside his comments on Europe needing to take a more significant role in its security, especially with the shifting US policy landscape under the Trump administration. The conference also featured Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, who spoke on "China in the world," advocating for peace through dialogue and mutual respect, positioning China as a proponent of a multipolar world order. Also read: ‘We will create NATO in Ukraine’: Zelensky on NATO ambitions, Trump’s personal number, and more A key moment was the panel on strengthening the United Nations, where leaders from Congo, Ghana, and EU officials, alongside the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, discussed the need for UN reform amidst global fragmentation. Parallel to these discussions, the Ukraine-Russia conflict dominated the agenda. French President Emmanuel Macron warned against any peace deal that would amount to "capitulation" for Ukraine, stressing that only Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy should negotiate on behalf of his country. This comes amid Donald Trump's recent statements suggesting peace talks, which have raised concerns about Ukraine's inclusion in these negotiations. Zelenskyy, present at the conference, reiterated his firm stance against any deal that does not consider Ukraine's sovereignty, meeting with US officials, including Vice President Vance, to discuss ongoing support and the future of Ukrainian defence. The conference also reacted to recent Russian drone strikes in Moldova and Romania, highlighting the escalating tensions and the potential for broader conflict in the region. This incident prompted both nations to summon Russian ambassadors, signalling a sharp rebuke to Moscow's actions. Throughout the day, the theme of European unity and support for Ukraine was palpable, with leaders expressing a commitment to back Kyiv, even if US policy under Trump might waver. The discussions were not just about immediate peace but also about setting a framework for long-term security and stability in Europe. Also read: ‘We want peace very much, but…’: Zelensky demands ‘real security guarantees’ from Vance during talks in Munich India's Stand Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar expressed confidence in India's democratic progress, emphasizing that the system has effectively delivered. Speaking about India's electoral process, he highlighted recent elections in Delhi and the 2024 parliamentary polls. Participating in a panel discussion titled "Live to Vote Another Day: Fortifying Democratic Resilience" at the Munich Security Conference on Friday, alongside Norway's Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre, US Senator Elissa Slotkin, and Warsaw Mayor Rafał Trzaskowski, Jaishankar countered the notion that democracy is in decline globally, citing India's example. When asked about his perspective on Western democracy, Jaishankar remarked, "Before I answer that, I seem to be the optimist in what is otherwise a largely pessimistic panel, if not room. Let me begin by raising my finger—don’t take it the wrong way, it's the index finger. The mark on my nail signifies that I recently voted. My state just held an election, and last year, we had a national election. In India, about two-thirds of eligible voters participate. In our national elections, with an electorate of approximately 900 million, around 700 million people voted. We count all the votes in a single day." As the Munich Security Conference continues, the world watches closely, hoping for pathways towards peace that do not undermine the sovereignty and democratic aspirations of Ukraine. The conference's blend of critique, caution, and commitment reflects the complex web of international relations in our time.

Munich Security Conference 2025: Leaders debate Ukraine's fate amid rising tensions

A team of astronomers has detected the highest-energy neutrino ever recorded, using a sensor network under construction at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The particle, known as KM3-230213A, was found using the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) and has an energy level 30 times greater than any previously observed neutrino.
Neutrinos, often referred to as &lsquo;ghost particles,&rsquo; are nearly massless and can travel through matter without significant interaction. These particles originate from extreme cosmic environments and provide insights into high-energy astrophysical phenomena. The discovery, made by the KM3NeT Collaboration involving over 360 scientists, was published in the journal Nature.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/science-technology/785-times-earths-mass-indian-scientists-discover-giant-exoplanet-with-a-6-day-year-8717452">&lsquo;78.5 times Earth&rsquo;s mass&rsquo;: Indian scientists discover giant exoplanet with a 6-day year</a>
The detected neutrino carried an energy of 220 million billion electron volts, making it significantly more powerful than those produced by particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The observation supports the theory that such high-energy neutrinos exist and can be traced back to extreme cosmic events such as supermassive black holes, gamma-ray bursts, or supernova remnants.
<h2 class="p2">The Role of KM3NeT</h2>
KM3NeT consists of a network of digital optical sensors placed deep in the Mediterranean Sea. These sensors detect the faint bluish light emitted when neutrinos interact with water molecules. The system includes two main detectors: ARCA, positioned at a depth of 3,450 metres off the Sicilian coast, and ORCA, located 2,450 metres deep near Toulon, France. Despite being under construction, the network was operational enough to capture the record-breaking neutrino on 13 February 2023.
Neutrinos are linked to cosmic rays, the most energetic particles in the universe. By identifying their sources, scientists hope to understand the origins of cosmic rays and the mechanisms behind their acceleration. Researchers have proposed 12 potential blazars&mdash;active galactic nuclei emitting high-energy radiation&mdash;as possible sources of KM3-230213A.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/science-technology/want-to-win-1-million-decipher-this-5000-year-old-mystery-from-india-8707741">Want to win $1 million? Decipher this 5,000-year-old mystery from India</a>
<h2 class="p2">Future Research</h2>
The study marks a significant step in neutrino astronomy, providing a new observational tool to investigate astrophysical processes. Scientists will continue refining their understanding of these high-energy particles and their origins, potentially uncovering previously unknown cosmic phenomena. Ongoing development of KM3NeT is expected to enhance future detections and contribute to astrophysical research.
(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Neutrinos, often referred to as ‘ghost particles,’ are nearly massless and can travel through matter without significant interaction. These particles originate from extreme cosmic environments and provide insights into high-energy astrophysical phenomena.

A team of astronomers has detected the highest-energy neutrino ever recorded, using a sensor network under construction at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The particle, known as KM3-230213A, was found using the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) and has an energy level 30 times greater than any previously observed neutrino. Neutrinos, often referred to as ‘ghost particles,’ are nearly massless and can travel through matter without significant interaction. These particles originate from extreme cosmic environments and provide insights into high-energy astrophysical phenomena. The discovery, made by the KM3NeT Collaboration involving over 360 scientists, was published in the journal Nature. Also read: ‘78.5 times Earth’s mass’: Indian scientists discover giant exoplanet with a 6-day year The detected neutrino carried an energy of 220 million billion electron volts, making it significantly more powerful than those produced by particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The observation supports the theory that such high-energy neutrinos exist and can be traced back to extreme cosmic events such as supermassive black holes, gamma-ray bursts, or supernova remnants. The Role of KM3NeT KM3NeT consists of a network of digital optical sensors placed deep in the Mediterranean Sea. These sensors detect the faint bluish light emitted when neutrinos interact with water molecules. The system includes two main detectors: ARCA, positioned at a depth of 3,450 metres off the Sicilian coast, and ORCA, located 2,450 metres deep near Toulon, France. Despite being under construction, the network was operational enough to capture the record-breaking neutrino on 13 February 2023. Neutrinos are linked to cosmic rays, the most energetic particles in the universe. By identifying their sources, scientists hope to understand the origins of cosmic rays and the mechanisms behind their acceleration. Researchers have proposed 12 potential blazars—active galactic nuclei emitting high-energy radiation—as possible sources of KM3-230213A. Also read: Want to win $1 million? Decipher this 5,000-year-old mystery from India Future Research The study marks a significant step in neutrino astronomy, providing a new observational tool to investigate astrophysical processes. Scientists will continue refining their understanding of these high-energy particles and their origins, potentially uncovering previously unknown cosmic phenomena. Ongoing development of KM3NeT is expected to enhance future detections and contribute to astrophysical research. (With inputs from agencies)

'Ghostly': Mysterious high-energy particle from space found in the depths of the Mediterranean

Astronomers have identified the nearest known Einstein ring, a rare gravitational lensing phenomenon where light from a distant galaxy is bent by the gravitational field of a closer galaxy. Initially thought to be a single galaxy, the object was first observed more than a century ago but has now been confirmed as a gravitational lens.
Such galactic lenses were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1936 as part of his general theory of relativity. At the time, he believed they would be too difficult to observe. However, with modern telescopes, such phenomena can now be detected. &ldquo;It was there all along, but we had no idea,&rdquo; said Thomas Collett from the University of Portsmouth, UK.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/science-technology/cinematic-voyage-of-space-why-interstellar-in-imax-is-a-must-watch-8704787">&lsquo;Cinematic voyage of space&rsquo;: Why Interstellar in IMAX is a must-watch</a>
The Einstein ring was discovered when Collett and his team studied NGC 6505, an oval-shaped galaxy located around 600 million light-years from Earth. The galaxy, first documented in 1884, was found to be bending the light from a second galaxy approximately 6 billion light-years away.
<img src="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/10103031/SEI_239324054.jpg?width=1600" alt="My alt text" style="width: 1350px;">
The discovery was made using data from the European Space Agency&rsquo;s Euclid telescope, which is surveying billions of galaxies across a third of the night sky. Team member Bruno Altieri noticed the Einstein ring while validating early test data. &ldquo;There was this abundantly obvious Einstein ring. There are not many things in the universe that can produce a ring like this,&rdquo; Collett said.
The ring appears exceptionally bright compared to other known Einstein rings. Its relative proximity to Earth and the imaging capabilities of Euclid make it easier to distinguish the four images of the distant galaxy. The faint orange glow surrounding the ring represents the lensing galaxy.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/science-technology/runs-on-radiation-this-tiny-cosmic-object-will-travel-through-interstellar-space-at-astonishing-speeds-8708156">'Runs on radiation': This tiny cosmic object will travel through interstellar space at astonishing speeds</a>
<h2>Theory of Relativity&nbsp;</h2>
This discovery provides an opportunity to test Einstein&rsquo;s theory of general relativity. Researchers can measure the mass of the lensing galaxy in two ways&mdash;by analysing how the light bends and by observing the velocity of its stars. Einstein&rsquo;s theory predicts these values should be the same, so any discrepancy could indicate a need to modify existing gravitational models.
When the team calculated the mass of the lensing galaxy, they found it to be slightly higher than expected based on the estimated number of stars it contains. This discrepancy may be due to dark matter clustering at the galaxy&rsquo;s centre, according to Fr&eacute;d&eacute;ric Dux from the European Southern Observatory. However, further observations of similar lenses will be required to confirm this hypothesis.
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SCIENCE & TECH: Such galactic lenses were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1936 as part of his general theory of relativity. Initially thought to be a single galaxy, the object was first observed more than a century ago.

Astronomers have identified the nearest known Einstein ring, a rare gravitational lensing phenomenon where light from a distant galaxy is bent by the gravitational field of a closer galaxy. Initially thought to be a single galaxy, the object was first observed more than a century ago but has now been confirmed as a gravitational lens. Such galactic lenses were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1936 as part of his general theory of relativity. At the time, he believed they would be too difficult to observe. However, with modern telescopes, such phenomena can now be detected. “It was there all along, but we had no idea,” said Thomas Collett from the University of Portsmouth, UK. Also read: ‘Cinematic voyage of space’: Why Interstellar in IMAX is a must-watch The Einstein ring was discovered when Collett and his team studied NGC 6505, an oval-shaped galaxy located around 600 million light-years from Earth. The galaxy, first documented in 1884, was found to be bending the light from a second galaxy approximately 6 billion light-years away. The discovery was made using data from the European Space Agency’s Euclid telescope, which is surveying billions of galaxies across a third of the night sky. Team member Bruno Altieri noticed the Einstein ring while validating early test data. “There was this abundantly obvious Einstein ring. There are not many things in the universe that can produce a ring like this,” Collett said. The ring appears exceptionally bright compared to other known Einstein rings. Its relative proximity to Earth and the imaging capabilities of Euclid make it easier to distinguish the four images of the distant galaxy. The faint orange glow surrounding the ring represents the lensing galaxy. Also read: 'Runs on radiation': This tiny cosmic object will travel through interstellar space at astonishing speeds Theory of Relativity This discovery provides an opportunity to test Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Researchers can measure the mass of the lensing galaxy in two ways—by analysing how the light bends and by observing the velocity of its stars. Einstein’s theory predicts these values should be the same, so any discrepancy could indicate a need to modify existing gravitational models. When the team calculated the mass of the lensing galaxy, they found it to be slightly higher than expected based on the estimated number of stars it contains. This discrepancy may be due to dark matter clustering at the galaxy’s centre, according to Frédéric Dux from the European Southern Observatory. However, further observations of similar lenses will be required to confirm this hypothesis.

Inside an oval shaped galaxy, European astronomers detect nearest Einstein ring using Euclid telescope

NASA has revised its plans for the return of astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore from the International Space Station (ISS), now considering March 19, 2025 as their new departure date. This update moves their return forward by approximately two weeks from the previously scheduled early April timeline, according to a report by Daily Mail.
The decision is linked to adjustments in the schedule for SpaceX&rsquo;s Crew-10 mission. Originally set for launch in February, the Crew-10 mission was delayed due to a technical issue with the new Dragon capsule intended for the flight. As a result, the launch was postponed to March, which in turn delayed Williams and Wilmore&rsquo;s return.
Williams and Wilmore are expected to travel back to Earth aboard the Crew-9 capsule, which has been docked at the ISS since 29 September 2024. However, NASA protocol requires Crew-9 to remain at the station until Crew-10 arrives to ensure a structured transition. This procedure allows for a handover period in which the outgoing crew briefs the incoming team, maintaining continuity of operations aboard the ISS.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/science-technology/an-asteroid-is-coming-humans-could-face-dinosaur-type-extinction-level-event-if-8697342">'An asteroid is coming': Humans could face dinosaur type extinction level event if...</a>
<h2 class="p1">NASA's Preparations</h2>
To facilitate an earlier launch, NASA has opted to switch the Dragon capsule originally assigned to Crew-10. This change is expected to clear the way for Crew-10&rsquo;s revised launch schedule, thereby enabling Crew-9, along with Williams and Wilmore, to return to Earth sooner than initially planned.
Williams and Wilmore&rsquo;s return had already been postponed multiple times due to technical concerns with Boeing&rsquo;s Starliner spacecraft. The pair launched aboard Starliner on 5 June 2024 as part of its first crewed mission under the Starliner Crew Flight Test. However, propulsion system issues and helium leaks detected during the mission led to repeated delays in their journey back to Earth.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/science-technology/cant-remember-how-to-walk-why-nasas-sunita-williams-is-losing-basic-human-movements-in-space-8682779">'Can't remember how to walk': Why NASA's Sunita Williams is losing basic human movements in space</a>
In a separate development, former US President Donald Trump recently commented on the astronauts&rsquo; extended stay aboard the ISS. He claimed that Williams and Wilmore were &ldquo;stranded&rdquo; in space and called on Elon Musk&rsquo;s SpaceX to intervene. Despite Trump&rsquo;s remarks, NASA has confirmed that the astronauts are not stranded and that plans for their return in March are proceeding as scheduled.

Originally set for launch in February, the Crew-10 mission was delayed due to a technical issue with the new Dragon capsule intended for the flight. 

NASA has revised its plans for the return of astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore from the International Space Station (ISS), now considering March 19, 2025 as their new departure date. This update moves their return forward by approximately two weeks from the previously scheduled early April timeline, according to a report by Daily Mail. The decision is linked to adjustments in the schedule for SpaceX’s Crew-10 mission. Originally set for launch in February, the Crew-10 mission was delayed due to a technical issue with the new Dragon capsule intended for the flight. As a result, the launch was postponed to March, which in turn delayed Williams and Wilmore’s return. Williams and Wilmore are expected to travel back to Earth aboard the Crew-9 capsule, which has been docked at the ISS since 29 September 2024. However, NASA protocol requires Crew-9 to remain at the station until Crew-10 arrives to ensure a structured transition. This procedure allows for a handover period in which the outgoing crew briefs the incoming team, maintaining continuity of operations aboard the ISS. Also read: 'An asteroid is coming': Humans could face dinosaur type extinction level event if... NASA's Preparations To facilitate an earlier launch, NASA has opted to switch the Dragon capsule originally assigned to Crew-10. This change is expected to clear the way for Crew-10’s revised launch schedule, thereby enabling Crew-9, along with Williams and Wilmore, to return to Earth sooner than initially planned. Williams and Wilmore’s return had already been postponed multiple times due to technical concerns with Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft. The pair launched aboard Starliner on 5 June 2024 as part of its first crewed mission under the Starliner Crew Flight Test. However, propulsion system issues and helium leaks detected during the mission led to repeated delays in their journey back to Earth. Also read: 'Can't remember how to walk': Why NASA's Sunita Williams is losing basic human movements in space In a separate development, former US President Donald Trump recently commented on the astronauts’ extended stay aboard the ISS. He claimed that Williams and Wilmore were “stranded” in space and called on Elon Musk’s SpaceX to intervene. Despite Trump’s remarks, NASA has confirmed that the astronauts are not stranded and that plans for their return in March are proceeding as scheduled.

NASA confirms March 19 as return date for Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore

Archaeologists have unearthed a massive private bathhouse that remained hidden beneath volcanic rock and ash for 2,000 years in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in what is being hailed as a "once-in-a-century" find.
As reported by BBC, the bathhouse consists of hot, warm and cold rooms, exquisite artwork, and a huge plunge pool. This complex is a part of the larger residence that archaeologists have been excavating and examining over the last few years. Around one-third of this city remains buried beneath the volcanic ash.
"It's these spaces that really are part of the 'Pompeii effect' - it's almost as if the people had only left a minute ago," Dr Gabriel Zuchtriegel, director of the Archaeological Park of Pompeii was quoted as saying by BBC.
The mega complex is located inside a larger residence, which archaeologists believe may have belonged to a wealthy family of the city, or most likely Aulus Rustius Verus, an influential Pompeii politician.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/archaeologists-find-roman-road-beneath-iconic-london-street-after-2000-years-777424">Archaeologists find Roman road beneath iconic London street after 2,000 years</a>
"There are just a few houses that have a private bath complex, so it was something really for the wealthiest of the wealthy," Zuchtriegel added.
<h2>Two skeletons discovered</h2>
The archaeologists analysed two skeletons discovered in the house and revealed the trauma that the residents of the city must have faced when the volcanic lava flooded their homes.
The bodies belonged to a woman aged between 35 and 50, and a boy in his teens.
"The woman was still alive while he was dying - imagine the trauma - and then this room filled with the rest of the pyroclastic flow, and that's how she died," Dr Sophie Hay, an archaeologist at Pompeii, told BBC.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/archaeologists-find-1600-year-old-amulet-with-depiction-of-king-solomon-killing-devil-in-turkey-777748">Archaeologists find 1,600-year-old amulet with depiction of King Solomon killing devil in Turkey</a>
At the time of their death, the boy held some keys while the woman had gold and silver coins and jewellery in her hands.
"She was probably someone higher up in society," Dr Hay said. "She could have been the wife of the owner of the house - or maybe an assistant looking after the wife, we just don't know."
(With inputs from agencies)

Science & Tech | This complex is a part of the larger residence that archaeologists have been excavating and examining over the last few years | Trending

Archaeologists have unearthed a massive private bathhouse that remained hidden beneath volcanic rock and ash for 2,000 years in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in what is being hailed as a "once-in-a-century" find. As reported by BBC, the bathhouse consists of hot, warm and cold rooms, exquisite artwork, and a huge plunge pool. This complex is a part of the larger residence that archaeologists have been excavating and examining over the last few years. Around one-third of this city remains buried beneath the volcanic ash. "It's these spaces that really are part of the 'Pompeii effect' - it's almost as if the people had only left a minute ago," Dr Gabriel Zuchtriegel, director of the Archaeological Park of Pompeii was quoted as saying by BBC. The mega complex is located inside a larger residence, which archaeologists believe may have belonged to a wealthy family of the city, or most likely Aulus Rustius Verus, an influential Pompeii politician. Also read: Archaeologists find Roman road beneath iconic London street after 2,000 years "There are just a few houses that have a private bath complex, so it was something really for the wealthiest of the wealthy," Zuchtriegel added. Two skeletons discovered The archaeologists analysed two skeletons discovered in the house and revealed the trauma that the residents of the city must have faced when the volcanic lava flooded their homes. The bodies belonged to a woman aged between 35 and 50, and a boy in his teens. "The woman was still alive while he was dying - imagine the trauma - and then this room filled with the rest of the pyroclastic flow, and that's how she died," Dr Sophie Hay, an archaeologist at Pompeii, told BBC. Also read: Archaeologists find 1,600-year-old amulet with depiction of King Solomon killing devil in Turkey At the time of their death, the boy held some keys while the woman had gold and silver coins and jewellery in her hands. "She was probably someone higher up in society," Dr Hay said. "She could have been the wife of the owner of the house - or maybe an assistant looking after the wife, we just don't know." (With inputs from agencies)

Lavish bathhouse unearthed in ‘once-in-a-century’ find from ancient Roman city of Pompeii

The next time you visit freshwater swimming holes to have fun and cool off, beware of a hidden danger that may directly affect your brain. A deadly pathogen may make its way to your brain through your nose or nasal passages.
The microbe here in question is known as the "brain-eating amoeba".
<h2>What&rsquo;s brain-eating amoeba?</h2>
The name sounds fictional but sadly it&rsquo;s not. It goes by the name &lsquo;Naegleria fowleri&rsquo; and is a potentially deadly organism.
The amoeba can cause a deadly but rare infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Among the most vulnerable groups to this infection are young males, with the average age of patients being 12.
The disease is deadly and only a handful of patients are believed to have survived. Data from the US Centers for Disease Control says that the disease has a fatality rate of 97.5 per cent, with only four people having survived of 164 cases.
<h2>How the amoeba enters brain?</h2>
It doesn&rsquo;t enter through the mouth but through nose and nasal passages. Upon passing through nasal tissue, it directly affects the brain and the central nervous system.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/sunita-williams-upbeat-seven-months-into-eight-day-nasa-space-mission-says-dont-feel-like-a-cast-away-8603858">Sunita Williams upbeat seven months into eight-day NASA space mission</a>
The amoeba enters body mostly when people rinse their nasal passage with infested water. That&rsquo;s why experts suggest people to do so using suitably sterilised water.
<h2>How to avoid the amoeba?</h2>
The amoeba survives in freshwaters, rivers, hot springs, streams, pools or lakes; so one must take extra precautions.
Swimming is okay but you must avoid dipping your head in and must keep water from entering your nose.
If you are going to enter a pool filled with freshwater, make sure it is well maintained and disinfected with the correct amount of chlorine.
Remember, the probability of acquiring this disease is remote but if infected, it's likely to be fatal.
(With inputs from agencies)

Science & Tech | The amoeba can cause a deadly but rare infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Among the most vulnerable groups to this infection are young males

The next time you visit freshwater swimming holes to have fun and cool off, beware of a hidden danger that may directly affect your brain. A deadly pathogen may make its way to your brain through your nose or nasal passages. The microbe here in question is known as the "brain-eating amoeba". What’s brain-eating amoeba? The name sounds fictional but sadly it’s not. It goes by the name ‘Naegleria fowleri’ and is a potentially deadly organism. The amoeba can cause a deadly but rare infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Among the most vulnerable groups to this infection are young males, with the average age of patients being 12. The disease is deadly and only a handful of patients are believed to have survived. Data from the US Centers for Disease Control says that the disease has a fatality rate of 97.5 per cent, with only four people having survived of 164 cases. How the amoeba enters brain? It doesn’t enter through the mouth but through nose and nasal passages. Upon passing through nasal tissue, it directly affects the brain and the central nervous system. Also read: Sunita Williams upbeat seven months into eight-day NASA space mission The amoeba enters body mostly when people rinse their nasal passage with infested water. That’s why experts suggest people to do so using suitably sterilised water. How to avoid the amoeba? The amoeba survives in freshwaters, rivers, hot springs, streams, pools or lakes; so one must take extra precautions. Swimming is okay but you must avoid dipping your head in and must keep water from entering your nose. If you are going to enter a pool filled with freshwater, make sure it is well maintained and disinfected with the correct amount of chlorine. Remember, the probability of acquiring this disease is remote but if infected, it's likely to be fatal. (With inputs from agencies)

Brain-eating amoeba is one mistake away from entering your body, know details

Our immunity may go for a toss when our head or brain is exposed to serious, repeated blows. A new study has found that such a knock may &lsquo;awaken&rsquo; and render effective those viruses inside our body which had already been arrested by our immune system.
The study was conducted using stem cell 'mini brains' and it revealed that a herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, already neutralised by our immune system, came to life again as brain tissues suffered injuries.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-what-is-microrna-discovery-awarded-the-nobel-prize-in-medicine-765294">Explained: What is microRNA? Discovery awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine</a>
"We thought, what would happen if we subjected the brain tissue model to a physical disruption, something akin to a concussion?" said Dana Cairns, an engineer from Tufts University in the US. The researcher wanted to check whether HSV-1 would wake up and start the process of neurodegeneration.
Apparently, it did wake up.
<h2>Findings</h2>
In a brain-like representation of tissues, researchers noted that clumps and tangles of proteins had formed a week after the injury. This may potentially turn into a neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's.
The researchers have noted a rise in neurodegenerative diseases among patients who suffered traumatic brain injuries, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/hundreds-of-deadly-viruses-go-missing-from-australian-lab-in-major-biosecurity-breach-783199">Hundreds of vials of deadly virus go missing from Australian lab in &lsquo;major biosecurity breach'</a>
It was also revealed that the mini brains that were eight weeks old did better in coping with the injuries than those four weeks old. It means that young, developing brains are at higher risks of getting neurodegenerative diseases post-head traumas.
"Our results show that TBI causes reactivation of latent HSV-1 in our 3D brain model&hellip; and that if the injury is repeated, the damage is much greater than after a single blow," the researcher noted.
The scientists said more studies are required to find out how to mitigate or stop the affect or damage caused by &ldquo;head injury, such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral treatment after injury, thereby preventing HSV-1 reactivation in the brain and reducing subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease."
(With inputs from agencies)

Science & tech | In a brain-like representation of tissues, researchers noted that clumps and tangles of proteins had formed a week after the injury.

Our immunity may go for a toss when our head or brain is exposed to serious, repeated blows. A new study has found that such a knock may ‘awaken’ and render effective those viruses inside our body which had already been arrested by our immune system. The study was conducted using stem cell 'mini brains' and it revealed that a herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, already neutralised by our immune system, came to life again as brain tissues suffered injuries. Also read: Explained: What is microRNA? Discovery awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine "We thought, what would happen if we subjected the brain tissue model to a physical disruption, something akin to a concussion?" said Dana Cairns, an engineer from Tufts University in the US. The researcher wanted to check whether HSV-1 would wake up and start the process of neurodegeneration. Apparently, it did wake up. Findings In a brain-like representation of tissues, researchers noted that clumps and tangles of proteins had formed a week after the injury. This may potentially turn into a neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's. The researchers have noted a rise in neurodegenerative diseases among patients who suffered traumatic brain injuries, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Also read: Hundreds of vials of deadly virus go missing from Australian lab in ‘major biosecurity breach' It was also revealed that the mini brains that were eight weeks old did better in coping with the injuries than those four weeks old. It means that young, developing brains are at higher risks of getting neurodegenerative diseases post-head traumas. "Our results show that TBI causes reactivation of latent HSV-1 in our 3D brain model… and that if the injury is repeated, the damage is much greater than after a single blow," the researcher noted. The scientists said more studies are required to find out how to mitigate or stop the affect or damage caused by “head injury, such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral treatment after injury, thereby preventing HSV-1 reactivation in the brain and reducing subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease." (With inputs from agencies)

Head injury may awaken ‘dead’ viruses within our body, study finds

China is undertaking another ambitious energy megaproject after announcing construction of the world's largest dam, this time in space. A senior Chinese scientist has dubbed the project as "another Three Gorges Dam project above the Earth". South China Morning Post reported that the scientist, Long Lehao, is planning to use superheavy rockets to build solar power stations in space.
The project would involve a space-based solar station generating power in the orbit and then transmitting the same to Earth.
Such solar power stations can generate electricity without being affected by day-night cycles, said the report.
&ldquo;We are working on this project now. It is as significant as moving the Three Gorges Dam to a geostationary orbit 36,000km (22,370 miles) above the Earth. This is an incredible project to look forward to,&rdquo; said Lehao, a rocket scientist and member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE).
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/sunita-williams-upbeat-seven-months-into-eight-day-nasa-space-mission-says-dont-feel-like-a-cast-away-8603858">Sunita Williams upbeat seven months into eight-day NASA space mission</a>
The sheer size of the project has prompted experts to compare it with The Three Gorges Dam in central China, the world&rsquo;s largest hydropower project. The dam&nbsp;is situated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze, China&rsquo;s longest river. Once fully operational, it would be able to generate 100 billion kWh of power annually.
&ldquo;Imagine installing a solar array 1km wide along the 36,000km geostationary orbit,&rdquo; Long said while delivering a speech at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in October.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-spadex-explainer-indias-most-sophisticated-mission-around-earth-8576199">Explainer: Why SPADEX is India's most sophisticated mission around Earth</a>
The Chinese scientist has claimed that solar energy collected through the megaproject annually would be equivalent to the energy that Earth&rsquo;s entire oil reserves can generate.
He added that deploying the solar system in space would require the development of super-heavy rockets.
Long argued that Long March-9 (CZ-9), a reusable heavy-lift rocket developed by his own team, can be harnessed to transport the heavy equipment to the Earth&rsquo;s orbit.
(With inputs from agencies)

Science & Tech | The ambitious project would involve a space-based solar station generating power in the orbit and then transmitting the same to Earth.

China is undertaking another ambitious energy megaproject after announcing construction of the world's largest dam, this time in space. A senior Chinese scientist has dubbed the project as "another Three Gorges Dam project above the Earth". South China Morning Post reported that the scientist, Long Lehao, is planning to use superheavy rockets to build solar power stations in space. The project would involve a space-based solar station generating power in the orbit and then transmitting the same to Earth. Such solar power stations can generate electricity without being affected by day-night cycles, said the report. “We are working on this project now. It is as significant as moving the Three Gorges Dam to a geostationary orbit 36,000km (22,370 miles) above the Earth. This is an incredible project to look forward to,” said Lehao, a rocket scientist and member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). Also read: Sunita Williams upbeat seven months into eight-day NASA space mission The sheer size of the project has prompted experts to compare it with The Three Gorges Dam in central China, the world’s largest hydropower project. The dam is situated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze, China’s longest river. Once fully operational, it would be able to generate 100 billion kWh of power annually. “Imagine installing a solar array 1km wide along the 36,000km geostationary orbit,” Long said while delivering a speech at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in October. Also read: Explainer: Why SPADEX is India's most sophisticated mission around Earth The Chinese scientist has claimed that solar energy collected through the megaproject annually would be equivalent to the energy that Earth’s entire oil reserves can generate. He added that deploying the solar system in space would require the development of super-heavy rockets. Long argued that Long March-9 (CZ-9), a reusable heavy-lift rocket developed by his own team, can be harnessed to transport the heavy equipment to the Earth’s orbit. (With inputs from agencies)

China mulling re-creating ‘Three Gorges Dam project’ in space. Here is how

Drinking coffee in the morning may help you live longer rather than having it throughout the day, a new study published in the European Heart Journal has revealed.
The study was conducted by Dr. Lu Qi, a professor at the Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine at Tulane University, New Orleans, US. He said the purpose of this study was to find a link, if any, between the time of day when you consume coffee and the impact on overall heart health.
<h2>How was the study conducted?</h2>
To conduct the study, the researchers analysed food habits of 40,725 adults who took part in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018. Of these participants, a sub-group of 1,463 people was asked to consume a detailed food and drink diary for a full week.
As part of the survey, the participants were asked to fill details about all the food and drink they consumed on at least one day, including whether they drank coffee, how much and when.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/dirty-cutting-boards-do-they-have-200-times-more-fecal-bacteria-than-toilet-seat-8601468">Dirty cutting boards! Do they have '200 times more faecal bacteria than toilet seat'?</a>
With all this information, the researchers analysed the data of deaths and cause of death over a period of nine to 10 years.
<h2>Findings</h2>
The analysis revealed that those who consumed coffee in morning were 16 per cent less likely to die of any cause and 31 per cent less likely to die of cardiovascular disease.
On the other hand, no reduction in risk was observed for all-day coffee drinkers compared to non-coffee drinkers.
&ldquo;This study doesn't tell us why drinking coffee in the morning reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. A possible explanation is that consuming coffee in the afternoon or evening may disrupt circadian rhythms and levels of hormones such as melatonin. This, in turn, leads to changes in cardiovascular risk factors such as inflammation and blood pressure,&rdquo; said Qi.
(With inputs from agencies)

Science & tech | The analysis showed that those who consumed coffee in morning were 16% less likely to die of any cause and 31% less likely to die of cardiovascular disease.

Drinking coffee in the morning may help you live longer rather than having it throughout the day, a new study published in the European Heart Journal has revealed. The study was conducted by Dr. Lu Qi, a professor at the Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine at Tulane University, New Orleans, US. He said the purpose of this study was to find a link, if any, between the time of day when you consume coffee and the impact on overall heart health. How was the study conducted? To conduct the study, the researchers analysed food habits of 40,725 adults who took part in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018. Of these participants, a sub-group of 1,463 people was asked to consume a detailed food and drink diary for a full week. As part of the survey, the participants were asked to fill details about all the food and drink they consumed on at least one day, including whether they drank coffee, how much and when. Also read: Dirty cutting boards! Do they have '200 times more faecal bacteria than toilet seat'? With all this information, the researchers analysed the data of deaths and cause of death over a period of nine to 10 years. Findings The analysis revealed that those who consumed coffee in morning were 16 per cent less likely to die of any cause and 31 per cent less likely to die of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, no reduction in risk was observed for all-day coffee drinkers compared to non-coffee drinkers. “This study doesn't tell us why drinking coffee in the morning reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. A possible explanation is that consuming coffee in the afternoon or evening may disrupt circadian rhythms and levels of hormones such as melatonin. This, in turn, leads to changes in cardiovascular risk factors such as inflammation and blood pressure,” said Qi. (With inputs from agencies)

Drink coffee once in morning to live longer, study suggests

If a monkey types randomly at a keyboard for long enough, it will eventually write the complete works of Shakespeare.

This thought experiment has long been used to express how an infinite amount of time makes something that is incredibly unlikely -- but still technically possible -- become probable.

But two Australian mathematicians have deemed the old adage misleading, working out that even if all the chimpanzees in the world were given the entire lifespan of the universe, they would "almost certainly" never pen the works of the bard.

The "infinite monkey theorem" has been around for more than a century, though its origin remains unclear. It is commonly attributed to either French mathematician Emile Borel or British anthropologist Thomas Huxley, and some even think the general idea dates back to Aristotle.

For a light-hearted but peer-reviewed study published earlier this week, the two mathematicians set out to determine what happens if generous yet finite limits were placed on the monkey typists.

Their calculations were based on a monkey spending around 30 years typing one key a second at a keyboard with 30 keys -- the letters of the English language plus some common punctuation.

The "heat death" of the universe was assumed to take place in around a googol of years -- that is a one followed by 100 zeroes.

Other more practical considerations -- such as what the monkeys would eat, or how they would survive the Sun engulfing Earth in a few billion years -- were set aside.

<h2>Monkey labour falls short</h2>

There was only around a five percent chance that a single monkey would randomly write the word "banana" in their lifetime, according to the study in the journal Franklin Open.

Shakespeare's canon includes 884,647 words -- none of them banana.&nbsp;

To broaden out the experiment, the mathematicians turned to chimpanzees, the closest relative of humans.

There are currently around 200,000 chimps on Earth, and the study presumed this population would remain stable until the end of time.

Even this massive monkey workforce fell very, very short.

"It's not even like one in a million," study co-author Stephen Woodcock of the University of Technology Sydney told New Scientist.&nbsp;

"If every atom in the universe was a universe in itself, it still wouldn't happen."

And even if many more chimps who typed much quicker were added to the equation, it was still not plausible "that monkey labour will ever be a viable tool for developing written works of anything beyond the trivial," the authors wrote in the study.

The study concluded by saying that Shakespeare himself may have inadvertently given an answer as to whether "monkey labour could meaningfully be a replacement for human endeavour as a source of scholarship or creativity".

Disclaimer: This story has been published from a news agency feed with minimal edits for grammar and punctuation. The headline may have been changed to better reflect the content of the story or to make it more suitable for WION&nbsp;audience. 
&nbsp;

If a monkey types randomly at a keyboard for long enough, it will eventually write the complete works of Shakespeare. This thought experiment has long been used to express how an infinite amount of time makes something that is incredibly unlikely -- but still technically possible -- become probable.

If a monkey types randomly at a keyboard for long enough, it will eventually write the complete works of Shakespeare. This thought experiment has long been used to express how an infinite amount of time makes something that is incredibly unlikely -- but still technically possible -- become probable. But two Australian mathematicians have deemed the old adage misleading, working out that even if all the chimpanzees in the world were given the entire lifespan of the universe, they would "almost certainly" never pen the works of the bard. The "infinite monkey theorem" has been around for more than a century, though its origin remains unclear. It is commonly attributed to either French mathematician Emile Borel or British anthropologist Thomas Huxley, and some even think the general idea dates back to Aristotle. For a light-hearted but peer-reviewed study published earlier this week, the two mathematicians set out to determine what happens if generous yet finite limits were placed on the monkey typists. Their calculations were based on a monkey spending around 30 years typing one key a second at a keyboard with 30 keys -- the letters of the English language plus some common punctuation. The "heat death" of the universe was assumed to take place in around a googol of years -- that is a one followed by 100 zeroes. Other more practical considerations -- such as what the monkeys would eat, or how they would survive the Sun engulfing Earth in a few billion years -- were set aside. Monkey labour falls short There was only around a five percent chance that a single monkey would randomly write the word "banana" in their lifetime, according to the study in the journal Franklin Open. Shakespeare's canon includes 884,647 words -- none of them banana. To broaden out the experiment, the mathematicians turned to chimpanzees, the closest relative of humans. There are currently around 200,000 chimps on Earth, and the study presumed this population would remain stable until the end of time. Even this massive monkey workforce fell very, very short. "It's not even like one in a million," study co-author Stephen Woodcock of the University of Technology Sydney told New Scientist. "If every atom in the universe was a universe in itself, it still wouldn't happen." And even if many more chimps who typed much quicker were added to the equation, it was still not plausible "that monkey labour will ever be a viable tool for developing written works of anything beyond the trivial," the authors wrote in the study. The study concluded by saying that Shakespeare himself may have inadvertently given an answer as to whether "monkey labour could meaningfully be a replacement for human endeavour as a source of scholarship or creativity". Disclaimer: This story has been published from a news agency feed with minimal edits for grammar and punctuation. The headline may have been changed to better reflect the content of the story or to make it more suitable for WION audience.

Monkey can't type complete works of Shakespeare on keyboard, the universe may die first

The EU-funded project PAIR is reportedly working on developing two advanced technologies aimed at preventing the spillover of new pandemics. Even four years after the COVID-19 pandemic struck in 2020, the world has not been able to completely recover. Notably, all the pandemics over the last 120 years have been caused by RNA respiratory viruses. These viruses most often originate in animals and then jump to humans, especially under favourable conditions.

Under PAIR, the two technologies being developed are PANPOC and PANRISK.

The initiatives and technologies will first be introduced and tested in five European nations: Denmark, France, Latvia, Italy, and Spain. The EU will also issue new guidelines for a European One Health genomic-informed surveillance and outbreak response once the feedback from these nations is registered.

<h2>More about PANPOC</h2>

This device is made up of an integrated heater and optical detection systems. The device uses a real-time fluorescence-based detection system, which can be used for both clinical diagnostics (human samples) and veterinary surveillance.

The technology will enable health and veterinary authorities, clinical end-users, and primary care providers to detect RNA respiratory viruses with high accuracy.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjZ79GIn4OJAxW_8DQHHYRAG50QxfQBKAB6BAgJEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-reveal-mars-battery-that-can-operate-for-months-on-a-single-charge-765918" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-reveal-mars-battery-that-can-operate-for-months-on-a-single-charge-765918&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjZ79GIn4OJAxW_8DQHHYRAG50QxfQBKAB6BAgJEAE">Scientists reveal Mars battery that can operate for months on a single charge</a>

The device has been developed using the Loop-mediated isothermal Amplification (LAMP) technology. It operates at a constant temperature, making the overall detection process simpler and cost-effective.

It also comes with a simple design, so operators don’t need to have special skills to run the device. After it’s fully developed, this system will allow the simultaneous analysis of 16 different samples for 3-4 different agents (target viruses) and provide a Point-of-Care that will deliver reliable results on-site in less than one hour while eliminating transport time to a central laboratory.

The PAIR initiative thus offers a promising solution in helping authorities better prepare for more health crises and pandemic scenarios.

The EU-funded project PAIR is reportedly working on developing two advanced technologies aimed at preventing the spillover of new pandemics. Even four years after the COVID-19 pandemic struck in 2020, the world has not been able to completely recover.

The EU-funded project PAIR is reportedly working on developing two advanced technologies aimed at preventing the spillover of new pandemics. Even four years after the COVID-19 pandemic struck in 2020, the world has not been able to completely recover. Notably, all the pandemics over the last 120 years have been caused by RNA respiratory viruses. These viruses most often originate in animals and then jump to humans, especially under favourable conditions. Under PAIR, the two technologies being developed are PANPOC and PANRISK. The initiatives and technologies will first be introduced and tested in five European nations: Denmark, France, Latvia, Italy, and Spain. The EU will also issue new guidelines for a European One Health genomic-informed surveillance and outbreak response once the feedback from these nations is registered. More about PANPOC This device is made up of an integrated heater and optical detection systems. The device uses a real-time fluorescence-based detection system, which can be used for both clinical diagnostics (human samples) and veterinary surveillance. The technology will enable health and veterinary authorities, clinical end-users, and primary care providers to detect RNA respiratory viruses with high accuracy. Also read: Scientists reveal Mars battery that can operate for months on a single charge The device has been developed using the Loop-mediated isothermal Amplification (LAMP) technology. It operates at a constant temperature, making the overall detection process simpler and cost-effective. It also comes with a simple design, so operators don’t need to have special skills to run the device. After it’s fully developed, this system will allow the simultaneous analysis of 16 different samples for 3-4 different agents (target viruses) and provide a Point-of-Care that will deliver reliable results on-site in less than one hour while eliminating transport time to a central laboratory. The PAIR initiative thus offers a promising solution in helping authorities better prepare for more health crises and pandemic scenarios.

EU’s PAIR project: Advanced technology to help detect viruses before pandemic outbreak

It is long believed that having water following a night of drinking can help overcome a hangover but a recent study&nbsp;has challenged this notion. Researchers from Utrecht University in the Netherlands have concluded that dehydration is not the only major factor behind a hangover and thus drinking water may be of little help.

<h2>The study</h2>

For the purpose of the study, the researchers enlisted two groups of volunteer boozers. They gave water to one group before bed, as the other group hit the hay with considerable dehydration.

The results achieved the next morning were shocking.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjHvduHnMqIAxVpS2wGHdJZDcsQxfQBKAB6BAgQEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-hirise-camera-captures-image-of-phobos-mars-space-potato-moon-734199" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-hirise-camera-captures-image-of-phobos-mars-space-potato-moon-734199&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjHvduHnMqIAxVpS2wGHdJZDcsQxfQBKAB6BAgQEAE">NASA`s HiRISE camera captures image of phobos, Mars` `space potato` Moon</a>

While the former group experienced less dehydration, they felt the same degree of pain, nausea, and exhaustion as the latter.

This showed that consuming water had little or no effect on the intensity of the hangover.

Johnny Parvani, REVIV founder and chief medical officer, was quoted as saying by the New York Post, “A hangover is a clinical condition that is characterized by a combination of effects from alcohol metabolism and dehydration.” This&nbsp;supports&nbsp;the claim that a hangover includes but is not limited to dehydration.

The lead author of the study, Dr Joris Verster from Utrecht University, says that the relationship between drinking and hangover is directly proportional.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjHvduHnMqIAxVpS2wGHdJZDcsQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/man-manages-to-control-amazons-alexa-with-help-of-his-thoughts-heres-how-759498" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/man-manages-to-control-amazons-alexa-with-help-of-his-thoughts-heres-how-759498&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjHvduHnMqIAxVpS2wGHdJZDcsQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE">Man manages to control Amazon`s Alexa with help of his thoughts. Here`s how</a>

“The more you drink, the more likely you are to get a hangover. Drinking water may help against thirst and a dry mouth, but it will not take away the misery, the headache and the nausea,” Verster was quoted as saying by NY Post.

However, the research noted that consuming alcohol may trigger dehydration. It happens because alcohol activates the hormone system responsible for regulating blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. This process leads to the loss of water and electrolytes from our body, which in turn triggers thirst.

But thirst and dehydration are relatively short-lived in comparison to&nbsp;the other symptoms of hangover caused by "oxidative stress".

(With inputs from agencies)

It is long believed that having water following a night of drinking can help overcome a hangover but a recent study has challenged this notion. Researchers from Utrecht University in the Netherlands have concluded that dehydration is not the only major factor behind a hangover and thus drinking water may be of little help.

It is long believed that having water following a night of drinking can help overcome a hangover but a recent study has challenged this notion. Researchers from Utrecht University in the Netherlands have concluded that dehydration is not the only major factor behind a hangover and thus drinking water may be of little help. The study For the purpose of the study, the researchers enlisted two groups of volunteer boozers. They gave water to one group before bed, as the other group hit the hay with considerable dehydration. The results achieved the next morning were shocking. Also read: NASA`s HiRISE camera captures image of phobos, Mars` `space potato` Moon While the former group experienced less dehydration, they felt the same degree of pain, nausea, and exhaustion as the latter. This showed that consuming water had little or no effect on the intensity of the hangover. Johnny Parvani, REVIV founder and chief medical officer, was quoted as saying by the New York Post, “A hangover is a clinical condition that is characterized by a combination of effects from alcohol metabolism and dehydration.” This supports the claim that a hangover includes but is not limited to dehydration. The lead author of the study, Dr Joris Verster from Utrecht University, says that the relationship between drinking and hangover is directly proportional. Also read: Man manages to control Amazon`s Alexa with help of his thoughts. Here`s how “The more you drink, the more likely you are to get a hangover. Drinking water may help against thirst and a dry mouth, but it will not take away the misery, the headache and the nausea,” Verster was quoted as saying by NY Post. However, the research noted that consuming alcohol may trigger dehydration. It happens because alcohol activates the hormone system responsible for regulating blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. This process leads to the loss of water and electrolytes from our body, which in turn triggers thirst. But thirst and dehydration are relatively short-lived in comparison to the other symptoms of hangover caused by "oxidative stress". (With inputs from agencies)

Drinking water before going to bed doesn’t help cure hangover: Study

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid. It has a surface temperature of around 870 degrees Fahrenheit on average caused by the carbon dioxide&nbsp;levels present in the atmosphere.

But scientists have now discovered surface features like faults, folds and volcanoes on the hellish planet, indicating that it was once tectonically active. Tectonic activity is what created continents on Earth and is a phenomenon only seen on our planet till now. But scientists say that the presence of plateaus known as "tesserae" on the Venusian surface means that the planet witnessed intense tectonic activity billions of years ago.&nbsp;

Research leader Fabio Capitanio from the Monash University School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment said in a statement, "We did not expect Venus, with its scorching 860 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius) surface temperature and lack of plate tectonics, to possess such complex geological features."

He says that the "study [done in collaboration with NASA] challenges our understanding of how planets evolve."

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mysterious-5000-mile-wall-of-acid-filled-clouds-hovering-over-venus-745233">Mysterious 5,000-mile wall of acid-filled clouds hovering over surface of Venus</a>

The lithosphere, the rigid outer layer of a planet's crust, comprises a number of large plates. When these plates move around in different ways, the actions help to shape a planet. Venus has a stagnant lithosphere, or "stagnant lid". This means that it only has a single plate with minimal movement. Some experts believe that Venus, early in its history, had limited tectonic movement and over a period transitioned to the stagnant lid model that exists today.&nbsp;

<h2>Ishtar Terra highlands on Venus</h2>

To investigate further, scientists studied the formations on Venus called the Ishtar Terra highlands. It has "an Australia-sized crustal plateau with an average elevation of around 2.5 miles (4 kilometres)," similar to the Tibetan Plateau. It is surrounded by mountain belts taller than the Himalayas, as per a paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience. "The region is floored by a thick crust that is comparable to that of cratons on Earth."

WATCH:&nbsp;ISRO Chief reveals details on future Venus exploration mission

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The existence of this region on Venus led scientists to believe that the two planets might share a similar geological history.

"This finding provides a fascinating new perspective on Venus and its potential links to early Earth," Capitanio said. "The features we found on Venus are strikingly similar to Earth's early continents, suggesting that the dynamics of Venus' past may have been more similar to Earth's than previously thought." 
&nbsp;

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid.

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid. It has a surface temperature of around 870 degrees Fahrenheit on average caused by the carbon dioxide levels present in the atmosphere. But scientists have now discovered surface features like faults, folds and volcanoes on the hellish planet, indicating that it was once tectonically active. Tectonic activity is what created continents on Earth and is a phenomenon only seen on our planet till now. But scientists say that the presence of plateaus known as "tesserae" on the Venusian surface means that the planet witnessed intense tectonic activity billions of years ago. Research leader Fabio Capitanio from the Monash University School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment said in a statement, "We did not expect Venus, with its scorching 860 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius) surface temperature and lack of plate tectonics, to possess such complex geological features." He says that the "study [done in collaboration with NASA] challenges our understanding of how planets evolve." Also Read: Mysterious 5,000-mile wall of acid-filled clouds hovering over surface of Venus The lithosphere, the rigid outer layer of a planet's crust, comprises a number of large plates. When these plates move around in different ways, the actions help to shape a planet. Venus has a stagnant lithosphere, or "stagnant lid". This means that it only has a single plate with minimal movement. Some experts believe that Venus, early in its history, had limited tectonic movement and over a period transitioned to the stagnant lid model that exists today. Ishtar Terra highlands on Venus To investigate further, scientists studied the formations on Venus called the Ishtar Terra highlands. It has "an Australia-sized crustal plateau with an average elevation of around 2.5 miles (4 kilometres)," similar to the Tibetan Plateau. It is surrounded by mountain belts taller than the Himalayas, as per a paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience. "The region is floored by a thick crust that is comparable to that of cratons on Earth." WATCH: ISRO Chief reveals details on future Venus exploration mission × The existence of this region on Venus led scientists to believe that the two planets might share a similar geological history. "This finding provides a fascinating new perspective on Venus and its potential links to early Earth," Capitanio said. "The features we found on Venus are strikingly similar to Earth's early continents, suggesting that the dynamics of Venus' past may have been more similar to Earth's than previously thought."

When Venus shook: Scientists make stunning discovery on Earth's twin planet

In an alarming development, the number of pathogens that could potentially trigger the next pandemic has risen to 30. In an updated list, published by the World Health Organization (WHO),&nbsp;influenza A virus, dengue virus, and monkeypox virus have been identified as ‘priority pathogens’. The purpose of this list is to boost efforts in developing treatments, vaccines and diagnostics.

The list was prepared based on evidence, indicating the pathogens were highly transmissible and virulent, and that no effective treatment was available.

“The prioritisation process helps identify critical knowledge gaps that need to be addressed urgently,” said Ana Maria Henao Restrepo, who leads the WHO’s R&amp;D Blueprint for Epidemics.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjxmbOV4eCHAxUJh68BHfWVOjEQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/strictly-speaking-earth-is-not-revolving-around-the-sun-currently-heres-what-it-means-740359" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/strictly-speaking-earth-is-not-revolving-around-the-sun-currently-heres-what-it-means-740359&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxmbOV4eCHAxUJh68BHfWVOjEQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAE">Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here`s what it means</a>

Amidst turbulent global changes, it was necessary to revisit the list over and over again, said Neelika Malavige, an immunologist at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Colombo, Sri Lanka, who was involved in the effort.

<h2>How was the list prepared?</h2>

Over the last two years, more than 200 scientists evaluated over 1,652 pathogen species — mostly viruses, and some bacteria.

After a detailed study, they were able to identify 30 priority pathogens to be included in the list, including SARS-CoV-2 — the virus that caused the global COVID-19 pandemic — and Merbecovirus, which includes the virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjxmbOV4eCHAxUJh68BHfWVOjEQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/she-screamed-and-screamed-why-was-egyptian-mummys-face-so-contorted-scientists-have-a-clue-746510" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/she-screamed-and-screamed-why-was-egyptian-mummys-face-so-contorted-scientists-have-a-clue-746510&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxmbOV4eCHAxUJh68BHfWVOjEQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE">She screamed and screamed: Why was Egyptian Mummy`s face so contorted? Scientists have a clue</a>

Monkeypox virus, which caused a global mpox outbreak in 2022, has also been added to the list.

Its relative, the variola virus, which causes smallpox, has also been included, despite it having been eradicated in 1980. People are no longer receiving vaccination for it, therefore not becoming immune to it.

The virus could potentially be used “by terrorists as a biological weapon”, Malavige warned.

Among those included in the list are half a dozen influenza A viruses, including H5, which sparked an outbreak in cattle in the United States.

Two viruses that jumped from human to human have also been added. Scientists added that climate change and accelerated urbanisation may increase the risk of these viruses getting transmitted en masse.

(With inputs from agencies)

In an alarming development, the number of pathogens that could potentially trigger the next pandemic has risen to 30. In an updated list, published by the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza A virus, dengue virus, and monkeypox virus have been identified as ‘priority pathogens’.

In an alarming development, the number of pathogens that could potentially trigger the next pandemic has risen to 30. In an updated list, published by the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza A virus, dengue virus, and monkeypox virus have been identified as ‘priority pathogens’. The purpose of this list is to boost efforts in developing treatments, vaccines and diagnostics. The list was prepared based on evidence, indicating the pathogens were highly transmissible and virulent, and that no effective treatment was available. “The prioritisation process helps identify critical knowledge gaps that need to be addressed urgently,” said Ana Maria Henao Restrepo, who leads the WHO’s R&D Blueprint for Epidemics. Also read: Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here`s what it means Amidst turbulent global changes, it was necessary to revisit the list over and over again, said Neelika Malavige, an immunologist at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Colombo, Sri Lanka, who was involved in the effort. How was the list prepared? Over the last two years, more than 200 scientists evaluated over 1,652 pathogen species — mostly viruses, and some bacteria. After a detailed study, they were able to identify 30 priority pathogens to be included in the list, including SARS-CoV-2 — the virus that caused the global COVID-19 pandemic — and Merbecovirus, which includes the virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Also read: She screamed and screamed: Why was Egyptian Mummy`s face so contorted? Scientists have a clue Monkeypox virus, which caused a global mpox outbreak in 2022, has also been added to the list. Its relative, the variola virus, which causes smallpox, has also been included, despite it having been eradicated in 1980. People are no longer receiving vaccination for it, therefore not becoming immune to it. The virus could potentially be used “by terrorists as a biological weapon”, Malavige warned. Among those included in the list are half a dozen influenza A viruses, including H5, which sparked an outbreak in cattle in the United States. Two viruses that jumped from human to human have also been added. Scientists added that climate change and accelerated urbanisation may increase the risk of these viruses getting transmitted en masse. (With inputs from agencies)

Alarming! Scientists identify 30 pathogens that could trigger next pandemic

India's astronaut designates and Indian Air Force Test pilots, Group Captains Shubhanshu Shukla and Prashant Balakrishnan Nair will commence their training at NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, this week. Indian space agency ISRO announced on Friday (Aug 2) that India's Human Spaceflight Centre (HSFC) has entered into a spaceflight agreement (SFA) with Axiom Space Inc, an American firm that has been identified by NASA. Axiom is a private firm that facilitates a ride to space for paying customers. In this case, Axiom will facilitate the spaceflight of an Indian astronaut, aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Falcon 9 is the only contemporary American rocket with a proven track record of multiple astronaut-ferrying missions.&nbsp;

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> confirms what we at <a href="https://twitter.com/WIONews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@WIONews</a> had reported on July 13th... <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Indian?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Indian</a> astronauts &amp; <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/IndianAirForce?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#IndianAirForce</a> test pilots Grp Capt Shubhanshu Shukla &amp; PB Nair to train at <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NASA?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NASA</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA_Johnson?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@NASA_Johnson</a> from this month... One of these 2 will fly to <a href="https://twitter.com/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Space_Station</a> <a href="https://t.co/dcbyJsrL3S">pic.twitter.com/dcbyJsrL3S</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1819363517369073858?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 2, 2024</a></blockquote>
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On July 13,&nbsp;2024, WION had&nbsp;exclusively reported on this development and mentioned that one among the two will fly to the International Space Station in a United States-led mission, later this year.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/exclusive-indian-astronauts-us-training-from-august-spaceflight-by-year-end-740415">Exclusive: Indian astronauts' US training from August; spaceflight by year-end</a>

According to ISRO, India's Primary Gaganyatri (space traveller) for this mission will be Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla and the backup candidate will be Group Captain Prashant Balakrishnan Nair. One among them will be later approved to fly to the International Space Station (ISS), an orbiting lab that circles 425 kilometres&nbsp;above&nbsp;Earth. The Multilateral Crew Operations Panel (MCOP) is responsible for choosing the Indian candidate who will fly to the ISS.&nbsp;

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— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1819364066231808422?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 2, 2024</a></blockquote>
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During his stay in space, as part of the Axiom-4 mission, the chosen Indian astronaut will be undertaking scientific research and technology demonstration experiments aboard the ISS.&nbsp;

<h2>What is Gaganyaan? What is India preparing its astronaut candidates for?</h2>

India has revealed the names of four astronaut candidates who are to fly on the country's homegrown 'Gaganyaan' programme that aims to fly an astronaut-carrying capsule to Earth's orbit (400 km above the planet's surface) and bring them back safely for an oceanic splashdown landing. Gaganyaan was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2018, as India's maiden mission to fly humans (trained astronauts) to space.&nbsp;

Gaganyaan would be carried out by the Indian Space Agency ISRO, with test pilots of the Indian Air Force, serving as the crew members. The four candidates have already completed their training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in&nbsp;Moscow, and are presently undergoing training at ISRO and Indian Air Force facilities, while also assisting ISRO teams in designing and developing some systems required for Gaganyaan.&nbsp;

Gaganyaan is the first step in a series of sustained human spaceflight missions that India wants to carry out in a phased manner. By the end of this decade, India hopes to put an uncrewed space station in Earth orbit. By 2035, it would be used as a crewed Indian outpost that's circling the earth. India also plans to land its astronauts on the moon by 2040, a feat that only America has accomplished in 1969, and China hopes to do so by the end of this decade.&nbsp;

<h2>Soviets flew the first&nbsp;Indian to space in 1984; the US to fly 2nd Indian to space in 2024</h2>

In 1984, 40 years ago,&nbsp;Indian Air Force Pilot Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma flew to space as part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme. He is the only Indian to have flown to space. He did so on the Soviet Soyuz T-11 mission to the Salyut-7 space station, a lab that circles above the Earth.&nbsp;

Gaganyaan is India's own attempt at launching astronauts to space on a largely homegrown mission, with support from the US, Russia, and France, among others. Of these, Russia (erstwhile Soviet Union) and the US have been the pioneers of human spaceflight, since the Cold War era.&nbsp;

In 2023, during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's State visit to the US, President Joe Biden had announced that 'NASA would provide advanced training to Indian astronauts at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, with a goal of mounting a joint effort to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2024.&nbsp;

Given that India's only experience of human spaceflight comes from Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma who went to space 40&nbsp;years ago, the 2024 mission to the ISS is expected to offer significant insights and experiences related to contemporary spaceflight and relevant technologies. This would offer crucial lessons to ISRO and its chosen candidate, as it prepares for the homegrown Gaganyaan mission.

At present, India is in the process of gradually testing various systems and technologies required to execute an uncrewed Gaganyaan mission, slated for later this year or in early 2025. After a couple of flawless uncrewed missions, India will embark on the astronaut-carrying mission, perhaps, by 2026.&nbsp;

India's astronaut designates and Indian Air Force Test pilots, Group Captains Shubhanshu Shukla and Prashant Balakrishnan Nair will commence their training at NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, this week.

India's astronaut designates and Indian Air Force Test pilots, Group Captains Shubhanshu Shukla and Prashant Balakrishnan Nair will commence their training at NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, this week. Indian space agency ISRO announced on Friday (Aug 2) that India's Human Spaceflight Centre (HSFC) has entered into a spaceflight agreement (SFA) with Axiom Space Inc, an American firm that has been identified by NASA. Axiom is a private firm that facilitates a ride to space for paying customers. In this case, Axiom will facilitate the spaceflight of an Indian astronaut, aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Falcon 9 is the only contemporary American rocket with a proven track record of multiple astronaut-ferrying missions. #isro confirms what we at @WIONews had reported on July 13th... #Indian astronauts & #IndianAirForce test pilots Grp Capt Shubhanshu Shukla & PB Nair to train at #NASA @NASA_Johnson from this month... One of these 2 will fly to @Space_Station pic.twitter.com/dcbyJsrL3S — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) August 2, 2024 × On July 13, 2024, WION had exclusively reported on this development and mentioned that one among the two will fly to the International Space Station in a United States-led mission, later this year. Also read: Exclusive: Indian astronauts' US training from August; spaceflight by year-end According to ISRO, India's Primary Gaganyatri (space traveller) for this mission will be Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla and the backup candidate will be Group Captain Prashant Balakrishnan Nair. One among them will be later approved to fly to the International Space Station (ISS), an orbiting lab that circles 425 kilometres above Earth. The Multilateral Crew Operations Panel (MCOP) is responsible for choosing the Indian candidate who will fly to the ISS. pic.twitter.com/9TDvha19gS — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) August 2, 2024 × During his stay in space, as part of the Axiom-4 mission, the chosen Indian astronaut will be undertaking scientific research and technology demonstration experiments aboard the ISS. What is Gaganyaan? What is India preparing its astronaut candidates for? India has revealed the names of four astronaut candidates who are to fly on the country's homegrown 'Gaganyaan' programme that aims to fly an astronaut-carrying capsule to Earth's orbit (400 km above the planet's surface) and bring them back safely for an oceanic splashdown landing. Gaganyaan was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2018, as India's maiden mission to fly humans (trained astronauts) to space. Gaganyaan would be carried out by the Indian Space Agency ISRO, with test pilots of the Indian Air Force, serving as the crew members. The four candidates have already completed their training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Moscow, and are presently undergoing training at ISRO and Indian Air Force facilities, while also assisting ISRO teams in designing and developing some systems required for Gaganyaan. Gaganyaan is the first step in a series of sustained human spaceflight missions that India wants to carry out in a phased manner. By the end of this decade, India hopes to put an uncrewed space station in Earth orbit. By 2035, it would be used as a crewed Indian outpost that's circling the earth. India also plans to land its astronauts on the moon by 2040, a feat that only America has accomplished in 1969, and China hopes to do so by the end of this decade. Soviets flew the first Indian to space in 1984; the US to fly 2nd Indian to space in 2024 In 1984, 40 years ago, Indian Air Force Pilot Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma flew to space as part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme. He is the only Indian to have flown to space. He did so on the Soviet Soyuz T-11 mission to the Salyut-7 space station, a lab that circles above the Earth. Gaganyaan is India's own attempt at launching astronauts to space on a largely homegrown mission, with support from the US, Russia, and France, among others. Of these, Russia (erstwhile Soviet Union) and the US have been the pioneers of human spaceflight, since the Cold War era. In 2023, during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's State visit to the US, President Joe Biden had announced that 'NASA would provide advanced training to Indian astronauts at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, with a goal of mounting a joint effort to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2024. Given that India's only experience of human spaceflight comes from Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma who went to space 40 years ago, the 2024 mission to the ISS is expected to offer significant insights and experiences related to contemporary spaceflight and relevant technologies. This would offer crucial lessons to ISRO and its chosen candidate, as it prepares for the homegrown Gaganyaan mission. At present, India is in the process of gradually testing various systems and technologies required to execute an uncrewed Gaganyaan mission, slated for later this year or in early 2025. After a couple of flawless uncrewed missions, India will embark on the astronaut-carrying mission, perhaps, by 2026.

Indian astronauts Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, Prashant Nair chosen to train at NASA 

Sorrow, anguish, heartbreak, agony, heartache: these words are synonymous with bereavement, which means grieving the loss of a loved one. Such a devastating loss is life's most stressful event and can lead to a major emotional crisis. The latest study has attempted to establish a connection between grief and biological ageing.&nbsp;

<h2>What is biological ageing?</h2>

It refers to how old your cells and tissues are based on physiological evidence. A gradual decline in cells, tissues and organ function leads to a higher risk of chronic diseases. Biological ageing is different from chronological age, which is the number of years a person has been alive.&nbsp;

Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and Butler Columbia Aging Center researchers carried out the study and discovered that the ones who lost a parent, partner, sibling, or child showed signs of accelerated biological ageing.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/parasites-found-in-cat-poop-could-help-treat-alzheimers-and-parkinsons-study-745639">Parasites found in cat poop could help treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's: Study</a>&nbsp;

"Few studies have looked at how losing a loved one at different stages of life affects these DNA markers, especially in study samples that represent the U.S. population," Allison Aiello, PhD, the James S. Jackson professor of health longevity in Epidemiology and the study's lead author said in the press release.&nbsp;

"Our study shows strong links between losing loved ones across the life course from childhood to adulthood and faster biological aging in the US," the author added.&nbsp;

The research, published in JAMA Network Open, suggests that the impact of loss on ageing can be seen long before middle age. The state may also contribute to health differences among racial and ethnic groups.&nbsp;

They followed participants from their teenage years into adulthood. To conduct the study, the researchers used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, which started in 1994-95.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/zombie-viruses-hidden-in-ancient-genes-may-have-accelerated-cancer-study-745570">Zombie viruses hidden in ancient genes may have accelerated cancer: Study</a>&nbsp;

According to Aiello, there still is so much to do when it comes to understanding the possible impact of losing loved ones in different phases of our DNA markers.&nbsp;

The researchers divided the losses into two categories: those that happened in maturity (ages 19 to 43) and those that happened during childhood or adolescence (up to age 18).&nbsp;

"People who experienced two or more losses had older biological ages according to several epigenetic clocks. Experiencing two or more losses in adulthood was more strongly linked to biological aging than one loss and significantly more so than no losses," the press release said, &nbsp;

"The connection between losing loved ones and health problems throughout life is well-established. But some stages of life might be more vulnerable to the health risks associated with loss and the accumulation of loss appears to be a significant factor," Aiello noted.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Sorrow, anguish, heartbreak, agony, heartache: these words are synonymous with bereavement, which means grieving the loss of a loved one. Such a devastating loss is life's most stressful event and can lead to a major emotional crisis.

Sorrow, anguish, heartbreak, agony, heartache: these words are synonymous with bereavement, which means grieving the loss of a loved one. Such a devastating loss is life's most stressful event and can lead to a major emotional crisis. The latest study has attempted to establish a connection between grief and biological ageing. What is biological ageing? It refers to how old your cells and tissues are based on physiological evidence. A gradual decline in cells, tissues and organ function leads to a higher risk of chronic diseases. Biological ageing is different from chronological age, which is the number of years a person has been alive. Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and Butler Columbia Aging Center researchers carried out the study and discovered that the ones who lost a parent, partner, sibling, or child showed signs of accelerated biological ageing. Also read: Parasites found in cat poop could help treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's: Study "Few studies have looked at how losing a loved one at different stages of life affects these DNA markers, especially in study samples that represent the U.S. population," Allison Aiello, PhD, the James S. Jackson professor of health longevity in Epidemiology and the study's lead author said in the press release. "Our study shows strong links between losing loved ones across the life course from childhood to adulthood and faster biological aging in the US," the author added. The research, published in JAMA Network Open, suggests that the impact of loss on ageing can be seen long before middle age. The state may also contribute to health differences among racial and ethnic groups. They followed participants from their teenage years into adulthood. To conduct the study, the researchers used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, which started in 1994-95. Also read: Zombie viruses hidden in ancient genes may have accelerated cancer: Study According to Aiello, there still is so much to do when it comes to understanding the possible impact of losing loved ones in different phases of our DNA markers. The researchers divided the losses into two categories: those that happened in maturity (ages 19 to 43) and those that happened during childhood or adolescence (up to age 18). "People who experienced two or more losses had older biological ages according to several epigenetic clocks. Experiencing two or more losses in adulthood was more strongly linked to biological aging than one loss and significantly more so than no losses," the press release said, "The connection between losing loved ones and health problems throughout life is well-established. But some stages of life might be more vulnerable to the health risks associated with loss and the accumulation of loss appears to be a significant factor," Aiello noted. (With inputs from agencies)

Study shows 'strong links' between losing loved ones and biological ageing

In a major breakthrough related to artificial heart transplants, scientists at the Texas Heart Institute (THI) were able to carry out implantation using a "titanium-constructed" heart. The operation was conducted as a part of an early feasibility study overseen by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The THI said the heart "is a titanium-constructed biventricular rotary blood pump with a single moving part that utilises a magnetically levitated rotor that pumps the blood and replaces both ventricles of a failing heart."

The heart is made by BiVACOR and uses the same technology as high-speed rail lines. BiVACOR is said to have been working on this device since 2013.

<h2>No friction</h2>

The advantage of the&nbsp;titanium heart, which uses a magnetically levitated rotor, is that there is no friction involved. It reduces wear and tear and prolongs the heart's life.

The heart uses a small rechargeable external controller to keep it going. It is able to push blood at the rate of 12 litres per minute, enough to sustain an adult.

Other artificial hearts use flexible polymer diaphragms to pump blood. But the components of such hearts wear out soon and it reduces their lifespan.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwi17JHayMeHAxXCj68BHXfcD9AQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/vein-filled-rock-on-mars-could-reveal-signs-of-ancient-life-on-red-planet-744404" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/vein-filled-rock-on-mars-could-reveal-signs-of-ancient-life-on-red-planet-744404&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi17JHayMeHAxXCj68BHXfcD9AQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE">Vein-filled rock on Mars could reveal signs of ancient life on Red Planet</a>

"This achievement would not have been possible without the courage of our first patient and their family, the dedication of our team, and our expert collaborators at The Texas Heart Institute," said Daniel Timms, founder and CTO of BiVACOR.

"Utilising advanced maglev technology, our TAH brings us one step closer to providing a desperately needed option for people with end-stage heart failure who require support while waiting for a heart transplant. I look forward to continuing the next phase of our clinical trial.”

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas: China's 11-year-old 'rocket boy' who has written over 600 lines of code

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Despite all these benefits of the titanium heart, it's strictly meant for those who are waiting for a permanent heart transplant.

As per the American Heart Association, 3,400 heart patients across&nbsp;the United States await a permanent transplant a day.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a major breakthrough related to artificial heart transplants, scientists at the Texas Heart Institute (THI) were able to carry out implantation using a "titanium-constructed" heart.

In a major breakthrough related to artificial heart transplants, scientists at the Texas Heart Institute (THI) were able to carry out implantation using a "titanium-constructed" heart. The operation was conducted as a part of an early feasibility study overseen by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The THI said the heart "is a titanium-constructed biventricular rotary blood pump with a single moving part that utilises a magnetically levitated rotor that pumps the blood and replaces both ventricles of a failing heart." The heart is made by BiVACOR and uses the same technology as high-speed rail lines. BiVACOR is said to have been working on this device since 2013. No friction The advantage of the titanium heart, which uses a magnetically levitated rotor, is that there is no friction involved. It reduces wear and tear and prolongs the heart's life. The heart uses a small rechargeable external controller to keep it going. It is able to push blood at the rate of 12 litres per minute, enough to sustain an adult. Other artificial hearts use flexible polymer diaphragms to pump blood. But the components of such hearts wear out soon and it reduces their lifespan. Also read: Vein-filled rock on Mars could reveal signs of ancient life on Red Planet "This achievement would not have been possible without the courage of our first patient and their family, the dedication of our team, and our expert collaborators at The Texas Heart Institute," said Daniel Timms, founder and CTO of BiVACOR. "Utilising advanced maglev technology, our TAH brings us one step closer to providing a desperately needed option for people with end-stage heart failure who require support while waiting for a heart transplant. I look forward to continuing the next phase of our clinical trial.” Watch: Gravitas: China's 11-year-old 'rocket boy' who has written over 600 lines of code × Despite all these benefits of the titanium heart, it's strictly meant for those who are waiting for a permanent heart transplant. As per the American Heart Association, 3,400 heart patients across the United States await a permanent transplant a day. (With inputs from agencies)

In major breakthrough, scientists successfully implant heart made of titanium

The Indian space sector regulator and facilitator, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) has given the authorisation to an Indian firm to build a facility that can be used to track and communicate with satellites.

The Indian space sector regulator and facilitator, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) has given the authorisation to an Indian firm to build a facility that can be used to track and communicate with satellites. Commonly known as a satellite ground station or an earth station, such facilities perform what is known as Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C). This involves tracking satellites, issuing commands to satellites, monitoring their health, and downloading data from satellites. This approval for a private satellite ground station is in line with the Indian government's decision to permit private firms to perform all kinds of space activities. Indian companies have already launched experimental rockets and are gearing up for space launches. Meanwhile, multiple Indian-built satellites have been launched from India and abroad. Likewise, the Indian government has now approved the setting up of a ground station by the firm AzistaBST. Dr P K Jain, Director- Program Management and Authorization Directorate (PMAD), IN-SPACe, said, "This authorisation is yet another step by the Government to encourage and enable Indian satellite operators who will now have alternative Indian ground station service providers for their satellite operations and data reception in the UHF band." Watch | US charges North Korean man with cyberattacks on NASA × While the government-run Indian space agency ISRO operates its own tracking facilities, the private one is aimed at domestic and international customers. Many firms that operate satellites do not invest in their own ground stations, which are quite expensive to set up. Instead, they depend on those who operate ground stations and offer their service for a price. The space industry calls it Ground Station as a Service (GSaaS). The private ground station has been approved to operate in the Ultra High Frequency(UHF) band of 300 MHz to 3 GHz. This band is primarily used for satellite communications, including data relay for remote sensing, telemetry, and control of satellites. They support various applications such as weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, and communications for scientific research and military operations. An Indian Earth-imaging satellite constellation In an unprecedented move, the Indian government and private sector are to unite for building a constellation of earth-imaging satellites with multiple sensors. Operating a constellation comprising dozens or hundreds of satellites can help in getting a comprehensive global coverage, and the capability of imaging the same location at regular intervals. Such constellations serve various commercial, scientific and strategic purposes. This includes disaster management, agricultural monitoring, studying environmental changes and surveillance of sensitive areas. As the first step towards building such a constellation, the IN-SPACe released an Expression of Interest (EOI). It invites private Indian firms to build and manage a constellation under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. This long-term project involves the design, development, launch, and maintenance of a constellation of satellites equipped with advanced imaging technologies. These satellites would be placed in Low Earth orbit (a region that is 300-2000 km above the Earth's surface). As they are very close to the Earth, satellites placed in LEO can capture very high-resolution pictures and short videos and can transmit them in near-real-time. Also read: NASA shows how carbon dioxide gets churned in sky in stunning video Dr Pawan Goenka, Chairman, IN-SPACe said, "This is an initiative by IN-SPACe & ISRO towards creating a self-reliant, robust, and sustainable Earth Observation System catering to the growing demand for Earth Observation data." The satellites in the proposed constellation are meant to carry a combination of sensors such as panchromatic, multispectral, hyperspectral, and microwave. Once built and tested, these satellites would be placed in orbit by Indian rockets. It must be noted that building and maintaining a satellite constellation is a constant process. In this case, the private firm would have to monitor the health of all satellites in the constellation, download the data generated by the satellites, process the data and offer it for a multitude of applications. The private entity will also have the option of developing their own ground-based facilities to communicate with the satellites, upload commands and download data. Alternatively, they could use the ground-based facilities of Ground Stations as a Service (GSaaS) providers such as AzisatBST. Therefore, this entire project is capable of generating a significant amount of economic activity within India.

Indian government approves satellite tracking facility in Hyderabad

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