A new science study has established a link between fatherhood and potential cardiovascular problems later in life. The research, published in AJPM Focus, revealed that it becomes hard for fathers to maintain healthy lifestyle habits due to increased stress and responsibilities, leading to heart-related issues. It also recommended health officials and communities to look after fathers as they go through this transformational experience.

"The changes in heart health we found suggest that the added responsibility of childcare and the stress of transitioning to fatherhood may make it difficult for men to maintain a healthy lifestyle, such as a healthy diet and exercise," the first author of the study, internist and paediatrician John James Parker from Northwestern University said.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwikx5-0gMCGAxX_9jgGHcRuLawQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-fern-shatters-guinness-world-record-with-largest-genome-on-earth-727784" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/this-fern-shatters-guinness-world-record-with-largest-genome-on-earth-727784&amp;ved=2ahUKEwikx5-0gMCGAxX_9jgGHcRuLawQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE">This Fern shatters Guinness World Record with largest genome on Earth</a>

The above conclusion was reached after studying data collected from 2,814 men aged 45–84 over the period of 18 years.

<h2>The result</h2>

Factors like measurements of blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, body mass index, and smoking and eating habits in addition to self-reporting were utilised to assess the heart health of the men who participated in the study.

It was found that fathers generally had lower heart health than people who had never had children. Additionally, men who had become fathers at the age of 25 or younger had even worse heart health and higher death rates. This was particularly true for Black and Hispanic males.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwikx5-0gMCGAxX_9jgGHcRuLawQxfQBKAB6BAgREAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/kids-more-likely-to-trust-robots-than-humans-reveals-study-727545" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/kids-more-likely-to-trust-robots-than-humans-reveals-study-727545&amp;ved=2ahUKEwikx5-0gMCGAxX_9jgGHcRuLawQxfQBKAB6BAgREAE">Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study</a>

"A lot of times we focus on the health of mothers and children, and we don't even think of fathers, but their health has a major influence on their family," says Parker.

"To improve the health of families, we need to consider the multi-directional relationship among mothers, fathers, other caregivers and children."

(With inputs from agencies)

A new science study has established a link between fatherhood and potential cardiovascular problems later in life. The research, published in AJPM Focus, revealed that it becomes hard for fathers to maintain healthy lifestyle habits due to increased stress and responsibilities, leading to heart-related issues.

A new science study has established a link between fatherhood and potential cardiovascular problems later in life. The research, published in AJPM Focus, revealed that it becomes hard for fathers to maintain healthy lifestyle habits due to increased stress and responsibilities, leading to heart-related issues. It also recommended health officials and communities to look after fathers as they go through this transformational experience. "The changes in heart health we found suggest that the added responsibility of childcare and the stress of transitioning to fatherhood may make it difficult for men to maintain a healthy lifestyle, such as a healthy diet and exercise," the first author of the study, internist and paediatrician John James Parker from Northwestern University said. Also read: This Fern shatters Guinness World Record with largest genome on Earth The above conclusion was reached after studying data collected from 2,814 men aged 45–84 over the period of 18 years. The result Factors like measurements of blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, body mass index, and smoking and eating habits in addition to self-reporting were utilised to assess the heart health of the men who participated in the study. It was found that fathers generally had lower heart health than people who had never had children. Additionally, men who had become fathers at the age of 25 or younger had even worse heart health and higher death rates. This was particularly true for Black and Hispanic males. Also read: Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study "A lot of times we focus on the health of mothers and children, and we don't even think of fathers, but their health has a major influence on their family," says Parker. "To improve the health of families, we need to consider the multi-directional relationship among mothers, fathers, other caregivers and children." (With inputs from agencies)

Fatherhood linked to poorer heart health, young fathers at higher risk: Study

As the number of prescriptions for the appetite-suppressing medication grows into the millions globally, scientists are discovering the benefits and drawbacks of Ozempic in real time.

What began as a diabetic treatment now appears to be very promising for heart health, even for patients who do not lose much weight, and doctors are discovering that the drug may also boost renal function.

According to a big multinational trial supported by Novo Nordisk, Ozempic's pharmaceutical supplier, the kidneys appear to benefit when the drug is administered at a lower dose than is typically used for diabetes or weight reduction.

More than 3,500 people with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal disease, a combination that increases the risk of kidney failure and occasionally fatal cardiovascular events like heart attacks, participated in the experiment. The participants came from 28 different countries.

Half of the study participants were randomly assigned to receive a weekly modest dosage of semaglutide, the active component in Ozempic, between June 2019 and May 2021. Half of the group was given a placebo.

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When compared to the placebo group, those who received the weekly injections lost kidney function at a slower rate, had a lower chance of renal failure, had lower systolic blood pressure, and weighed less.

After 3.4 years on Ozempic, participants had a 24 per cent reduced risk of significant renal events, an 18 per cent&nbsp;lower chance of having a heart attack or another major cardiovascular event, and a 20 per cent&nbsp;lower risk of dying from any cause.

Initial research, both with and without commercial funding, suggests that Ozempic may enhance kidney function, which is important for eliminating waste and fluid from the body and maintaining blood pressure.

Indirect effects of the medication include reducing blood pressure, body weight, and blood glucose levels, all of which can lessen kidney pressure.

For the time being, they are only hypotheses. More study is needed to determine how semaglutide and comparable medications affect the various organs of the body.

Researchers are currently looking into whether this type of drug is effective for chronic kidney disease in general, or if it is only beneficial for diabetic kidney disease patients. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

As the number of prescriptions for the appetite-suppressing medication grows into the millions globally, scientists are discovering the benefits and drawbacks of Ozempic in real time.

As the number of prescriptions for the appetite-suppressing medication grows into the millions globally, scientists are discovering the benefits and drawbacks of Ozempic in real time. What began as a diabetic treatment now appears to be very promising for heart health, even for patients who do not lose much weight, and doctors are discovering that the drug may also boost renal function. According to a big multinational trial supported by Novo Nordisk, Ozempic's pharmaceutical supplier, the kidneys appear to benefit when the drug is administered at a lower dose than is typically used for diabetes or weight reduction. More than 3,500 people with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal disease, a combination that increases the risk of kidney failure and occasionally fatal cardiovascular events like heart attacks, participated in the experiment. The participants came from 28 different countries. Half of the study participants were randomly assigned to receive a weekly modest dosage of semaglutide, the active component in Ozempic, between June 2019 and May 2021. Half of the group was given a placebo. Also read: Blue-eyed individuals share common ancestor, claims genetic research When compared to the placebo group, those who received the weekly injections lost kidney function at a slower rate, had a lower chance of renal failure, had lower systolic blood pressure, and weighed less. After 3.4 years on Ozempic, participants had a 24 per cent reduced risk of significant renal events, an 18 per cent lower chance of having a heart attack or another major cardiovascular event, and a 20 per cent lower risk of dying from any cause. Initial research, both with and without commercial funding, suggests that Ozempic may enhance kidney function, which is important for eliminating waste and fluid from the body and maintaining blood pressure. Indirect effects of the medication include reducing blood pressure, body weight, and blood glucose levels, all of which can lessen kidney pressure. For the time being, they are only hypotheses. More study is needed to determine how semaglutide and comparable medications affect the various organs of the body. Researchers are currently looking into whether this type of drug is effective for chronic kidney disease in general, or if it is only beneficial for diabetic kidney disease patients. (With inputs from agencies)

Ozempic shows promise beyond diabetes: New study reveals kidney benefits

An intriguing yet scary study has revealed that children are more likely to trust robots and machines than humans. The research, published in Computers in Human Behavior, revealed that children were more accepting and empathetic when robots made mistakes.

The study involved 111 kids aged between three and six.

Researchers wanted to know what sources are children more likely to prefer and trust as they come across huge amounts of data on a daily basis both in the offline and online world.

"The question then becomes, how do children choose who to learn from when faced with conflicting testimonies?" the researchers wrote in their published paper.

<h2>How was the study conducted?</h2>

The kids were divided into many groups and they were shown movies of humans and robots labelling both new and familiar objects.

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The reliability of humans and robots was tested by incorrectly labelling common objects—such as calling a plate a spoon. This was done by researchers to assess the children's perception of who to trust more.

<h2>Results</h2>

The children were keener to ask robots to label the new items and accept their labelling as accurate. Interestingly, they were more likely to share their secrets with robots rather than humans.

"Children's conceptualizations of the agents making a mistake also differed, such that an unreliable human was selected as doing things on purpose, but not an unreliable robot," write the researchers.

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"These findings suggest that children's perceptions of a robot's reliability are separate from their evaluation of its desirability as a social interaction partner and its perceived agency," they further wrote.

Slight differences in responses of kids from different age groups were also noted. For instance, older kids were more likely to trust robots than younger ones. "What it is about the robot, exactly, which makes it preferable, remains an open question," the researchers wondered.

(With inputs from agencies)

An intriguing yet scary study has revealed that children are more likely to trust robots and machines than humans. The research, published in Computers in Human Behavior, revealed that children were more accepting and empathetic when robots made mistakes.

An intriguing yet scary study has revealed that children are more likely to trust robots and machines than humans. The research, published in Computers in Human Behavior, revealed that children were more accepting and empathetic when robots made mistakes. The study involved 111 kids aged between three and six. Researchers wanted to know what sources are children more likely to prefer and trust as they come across huge amounts of data on a daily basis both in the offline and online world. "The question then becomes, how do children choose who to learn from when faced with conflicting testimonies?" the researchers wrote in their published paper. How was the study conducted? The kids were divided into many groups and they were shown movies of humans and robots labelling both new and familiar objects. Also read: Kilauea volcano could erupt like a `stomp-rocket toy`, says study The reliability of humans and robots was tested by incorrectly labelling common objects—such as calling a plate a spoon. This was done by researchers to assess the children's perception of who to trust more. Results The children were keener to ask robots to label the new items and accept their labelling as accurate. Interestingly, they were more likely to share their secrets with robots rather than humans. "Children's conceptualizations of the agents making a mistake also differed, such that an unreliable human was selected as doing things on purpose, but not an unreliable robot," write the researchers. Also read: James Webb telescope discovers two earliest, most distant galaxies in known universe "These findings suggest that children's perceptions of a robot's reliability are separate from their evaluation of its desirability as a social interaction partner and its perceived agency," they further wrote. Slight differences in responses of kids from different age groups were also noted. For instance, older kids were more likely to trust robots than younger ones. "What it is about the robot, exactly, which makes it preferable, remains an open question," the researchers wondered. (With inputs from agencies)

Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study

How will it enhance human capabilities and productivity if an additional robotic thumb is installed in our hands? Scientists at Cambridge University conducted a study and found that it can really help expand our efficiency. They have also developed a controllable prosthetic extra thumb, which is easy to use and very controllable.

Tamar Makin, a professor from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at the University of Cambridge, said that the new technology can help marginalised communities.

“These technologies open up exciting new opportunities that can benefit society, but it’s vital that we consider how they can help all people equally, especially marginalised communities who are often excluded from innovation research and development,” she said.

Watch:&nbsp;From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages

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He added that it will greatly help people relying on their hand's manual dexterity to complete their tasks.

"We are also really excited about potential opportunities of using the thumb to enhance productivity in work settings, especially those that are relying on their hand's manual dexterity in order to accomplish their work,” she said.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwiCjqq6sbqGAxV04zgGHSU6A8IQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/kids-more-likely-to-trust-robots-than-humans-reveals-study-727545" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/kids-more-likely-to-trust-robots-than-humans-reveals-study-727545&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiCjqq6sbqGAxV04zgGHSU6A8IQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAE">Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study</a>

“This can be anywhere between manual labourers that are trying to solder a complicated kit or even surgeons that have to negotiate between many instruments at the same time," she added.

The device, referred to here as the third thumb, was initially tested by 600 participants at a 2022 exhibition.

Out of the 600 people, only four were not able to use the robotic thumb properly due to size issues. It reveals how the device is designed to help most of the people who intend to use it.

The results of the experiment were published in Science Robotics in May which revealed: "98 per cent of participants were able to successfully manipulate objects using the extra thumb during the first minute of use, with no significant influences of gender, handedness, or affinity for hobbies involving the hands.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

How will it enhance human capabilities and productivity if an additional robotic thumb is installed in our hands? Scientists at Cambridge University conducted a study and found that it can really help expand our efficiency.

How will it enhance human capabilities and productivity if an additional robotic thumb is installed in our hands? Scientists at Cambridge University conducted a study and found that it can really help expand our efficiency. They have also developed a controllable prosthetic extra thumb, which is easy to use and very controllable. Tamar Makin, a professor from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at the University of Cambridge, said that the new technology can help marginalised communities. “These technologies open up exciting new opportunities that can benefit society, but it’s vital that we consider how they can help all people equally, especially marginalised communities who are often excluded from innovation research and development,” she said. Watch: From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages × He added that it will greatly help people relying on their hand's manual dexterity to complete their tasks. "We are also really excited about potential opportunities of using the thumb to enhance productivity in work settings, especially those that are relying on their hand's manual dexterity in order to accomplish their work,” she said. Also read: Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study “This can be anywhere between manual labourers that are trying to solder a complicated kit or even surgeons that have to negotiate between many instruments at the same time," she added. The device, referred to here as the third thumb, was initially tested by 600 participants at a 2022 exhibition. Out of the 600 people, only four were not able to use the robotic thumb properly due to size issues. It reveals how the device is designed to help most of the people who intend to use it. The results of the experiment were published in Science Robotics in May which revealed: "98 per cent of participants were able to successfully manipulate objects using the extra thumb during the first minute of use, with no significant influences of gender, handedness, or affinity for hobbies involving the hands.” (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists develop robotic ‘third thumb’ that can greatly boost human efficiency

A man with advanced liver cancer received the first liver transplant&nbsp;from a pig in history. The guy was given a liver transplant from a pig that had had&nbsp;its genes altered, according to Chinese doctors.

This is being&nbsp;considered a turning point in the xenotransplantation procedure, which involves transplanting animal&nbsp;organs into humans. On May 24, Anhui Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital posted on WeChat that a 71-year-old man suffering from liver cancer had gotten the organ on May 17.

The patient "was able to walk freely, no hyper-acute or acute rejection reactions were found, the coagulation system was not impaired, and liver function had returned to normal," according to a statement from the university,&nbsp;reported by the South China Morning Post.&nbsp;

Ten gene modifications were included in the 514-gram liver of the pig to stop organ rejection and malfunction. After it was determined that the patient's left lobe of the liver was failing to function normally on its own and was not improving with conventional therapies, the patient had a liver transplant from a pig.

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About 200 milliliters of golden bile are secreted daily from the transplanted pig liver, according to hospital head Sun Beicheng, as reported by People's Daily.

The first gene-edited pig liver was transplanted into a patient who had experienced brain death in March by a Chinese team from Air Force Medical University, marking another significant surgical accomplishment.

Additionally in March, a US patient became the first person globally to receive a kidney transplant from a gene-modified pig—a technique that was previously limited to patients who were clinically dead.&nbsp;

Even though the patient passed away in May, Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston reported that the man's death was not related to the transplant.

(With inputs from agencies)

A man with advanced liver cancer received the first liver transplant from a pig in history. The guy was given a liver transplant from a pig that had had its genes altered, according to Chinese doctors.

A man with advanced liver cancer received the first liver transplant from a pig in history. The guy was given a liver transplant from a pig that had had its genes altered, according to Chinese doctors. This is being considered a turning point in the xenotransplantation procedure, which involves transplanting animal organs into humans. On May 24, Anhui Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital posted on WeChat that a 71-year-old man suffering from liver cancer had gotten the organ on May 17. The patient "was able to walk freely, no hyper-acute or acute rejection reactions were found, the coagulation system was not impaired, and liver function had returned to normal," according to a statement from the university, reported by the South China Morning Post. Ten gene modifications were included in the 514-gram liver of the pig to stop organ rejection and malfunction. After it was determined that the patient's left lobe of the liver was failing to function normally on its own and was not improving with conventional therapies, the patient had a liver transplant from a pig. Also read: Stegosaurus fossil named 'Apex' may fetch $6 million at Sotheby’s Geek Week auction About 200 milliliters of golden bile are secreted daily from the transplanted pig liver, according to hospital head Sun Beicheng, as reported by People's Daily. The first gene-edited pig liver was transplanted into a patient who had experienced brain death in March by a Chinese team from Air Force Medical University, marking another significant surgical accomplishment. Additionally in March, a US patient became the first person globally to receive a kidney transplant from a gene-modified pig—a technique that was previously limited to patients who were clinically dead. Even though the patient passed away in May, Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston reported that the man's death was not related to the transplant. (With inputs from agencies)

Historic milestone: Man receives world's first gene-edited pig liver transplant

The University of Cambridge is home to a 4,000-year-old Egyptian skull that has been hiding nearly invisible cut marks for decades. According to a recent study that was published in Frontiers in Medicine, these marks could be proof of an antiquated treatment for cancer.

The University of Cambridge is home to a 4,000-year-old Egyptian skull that has been hiding nearly invisible cut marks for decades. According to a recent study that was published in Frontiers in Medicine, these marks could be proof of an antiquated treatment for cancer. Presently kept in the Duckworth Collection at the University of Cambridge, two skulls exhibit indications of attempted treatments as well as evidence of cancer and other injuries. "This finding is unique evidence of how ancient Egyptian medicine would have tried to deal with or explore cancer more than 4,000 years ago. This is an extraordinary new perspective in our understanding of the history of medicine," says paleopathologist Edgard Camarós of the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain. Although there are indications of cancer on both skulls, a thorough microscopic and CT scan investigation reveals a radically different picture of each. The owner of skull number 236 was a guy who lived in ancient Egypt between 2687 and 2345 BCE. Although there are other possible diagnoses, the about thirty lesions on his skull, which are compatible with metastasized cancer, indicate that the man died in his early 30s. Also read: Got yourself tattooed? Study says it may lead to increased risk of cancer The majority of these lesions are somewhat little, but a few are notably bigger. One of them is a neoplasm on top of the man's head, which is a coin-sized depression that has been hollowed out as tissue was destroyed by cancerous tissue. The female whose skull number in the Duckworth Collection is E270 lived from 663 to 343 BCE. Her cranium is replete with stories, and she was over 50 when she passed away. The first thing you may notice is a large lesion between the right frontal and parietal bones that dominates the top of the head. Among other possible diagnoses, this lesion is consistent with osteosarcoma or meningioma. However, the skull has repaired in other places. Sharp-force trauma caused a big injury above her left eyebrow. The researchers claim that someone appeared to have struck her in the head with a sharp object. The fact that these wounds have healed quite effectively is what makes them so fascinating. Therefore, even if the exact cause of death for both individuals is unknown, the advanced stage of the cancer in both cases suggests a connection to mortality that cannot be disregarded. The ancient Egyptians attempted a remedy for this condition, but the solution appears to have remained elusive. (With inputs from agencies)

Ancient Egyptian skulls reveal 4,000-year-old cancer treatments, study finds

A new study has revealed that getting yourself tattooed may increase the chances of developing lymphoma, a broad term for cancer that begins in cells of the lymph system. Researchers at Lund University conducted a study involving 11,000 participants and found that the tattoo ink spurs inflammatory changes inside the body.

Study lead author Christel Nielsen, of Lund University, said in a statement, "People will likely want to continue to express their identity through tattoos, and therefore it is very important that we as a society can make sure that it is safe."

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"For the individual, it is good to know that tattoos can affect your health, and that you should turn to your health care provider if you experience symptoms that you believe could be related to your tattoo," the statement added.

<h2>How was the study conducted?</h2>

A total of 11,905 participants were included in the study, including 2,938 of those who had developed lymphoma between the ages of 20 and 60. Out of them, 1,398 individuals completed a survey, compared to 4,193 participants in the control group.

Of the 289 members of the lymphoma group, 21 per cent were found to have tattoos, compared to 18 per cent of the 735 members of the control group who had not received a lymphoma diagnosis.

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“After taking into account other relevant factors, such as smoking and age, we found that the risk of developing lymphoma was 21 per cent higher among those who were tattooed," Nielsen said in a university news release.

"It is important to remember that lymphoma is a rare disease and that our results apply at the group level. The results now need to be verified and investigated further in other studies and such research is ongoing," the researcher concluded.

<h2>Does tattoo size matter?</h2>

Researchers were not able to determine whether the size of the tattoo may have any impact on the chances of developing lymphoma.

"We already know that when the tattoo ink is injected into the skin, the body interprets this as something foreign that should not be there and the immune system is activated," she explained. "A large part of the ink is transported away from the skin, to the lymph nodes where it is deposited."

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has revealed that getting yourself tattooed may increase the chances of developing lymphoma, a broad term for cancer that begins in cells of the lymph system.

A new study has revealed that getting yourself tattooed may increase the chances of developing lymphoma, a broad term for cancer that begins in cells of the lymph system. Researchers at Lund University conducted a study involving 11,000 participants and found that the tattoo ink spurs inflammatory changes inside the body. Study lead author Christel Nielsen, of Lund University, said in a statement, "People will likely want to continue to express their identity through tattoos, and therefore it is very important that we as a society can make sure that it is safe." Also read: Etched in Devotion: Meet the Ramnami Tribe that Has Lord Ram Tattoos All Over Body "For the individual, it is good to know that tattoos can affect your health, and that you should turn to your health care provider if you experience symptoms that you believe could be related to your tattoo," the statement added. How was the study conducted? A total of 11,905 participants were included in the study, including 2,938 of those who had developed lymphoma between the ages of 20 and 60. Out of them, 1,398 individuals completed a survey, compared to 4,193 participants in the control group. Of the 289 members of the lymphoma group, 21 per cent were found to have tattoos, compared to 18 per cent of the 735 members of the control group who had not received a lymphoma diagnosis. Also read: International art project to tattoo UN human rights declaration on 30 people in UK “After taking into account other relevant factors, such as smoking and age, we found that the risk of developing lymphoma was 21 per cent higher among those who were tattooed," Nielsen said in a university news release. "It is important to remember that lymphoma is a rare disease and that our results apply at the group level. The results now need to be verified and investigated further in other studies and such research is ongoing," the researcher concluded. Does tattoo size matter? Researchers were not able to determine whether the size of the tattoo may have any impact on the chances of developing lymphoma. "We already know that when the tattoo ink is injected into the skin, the body interprets this as something foreign that should not be there and the immune system is activated," she explained. "A large part of the ink is transported away from the skin, to the lymph nodes where it is deposited." (With inputs from agencies)

Got yourself tattooed? Study says it may lead to increased risk of cancer

Alleging the failure to implement “biologically meaningful closures” to fishing around six penguin colonies in South Africa, NGOs in the likes of BirdLife South Africa and Southern African Foundation have now dragged South Africa's minister of forestry, fisheries and the environment, Barbara Creecy, to court.

It is vital to note that these six penguin colonies account for 76% of the global African penguin population. Last year in July the international review panel appointed by the minister conveyed in their report that targeted fishing closures around penguin colonies “would be likely to benefit penguin conservation”.

Reportedly, the minister evaded some of the key recommendations made by her own appointed panel. Besides penguins, another endangered bird species Cape Cormorant also stands to benefit from this ban as it also feeds predominantly on small pelagic fish.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indian-scientists-from-jnu-develop-new-vaccine-to-fight-malaria-724535">Indian scientists from JNU develop new vaccine to fight Malaria</a>

Additionally, &nbsp;small-scale handline fishers have welcomed the proposals, as many of the species they target feed on sardines and anchovies. Over the period of 120 years, African penguins have undergone a significant decline of over 99%. If the same rate of decline is further continued, these Penguins will be extinct by 2035.

Keeping aside the problem of penguin extinction, this decline is also bound to dent the South African tourism industry. Notably, it contributes 311m rand (£13m) a year to the local economy, as per a 2018 study on the colony at Boulders Beach in Cape Town.&nbsp;

However, &nbsp;the fisher union has opined against the court's verdict. Citing the South African pelagic fishing industry, the Guardian reported, " &nbsp;“Contrary to environmental NGOs’ statements in the media that the main driver is the purse-seine fishing industry, the impact of fishing [on penguin numbers] is small. The “environmental NGOs” had delayed a “process that is tasked with establishing what are the main drivers causing the decline in penguin numbers”.

(With inputs from agencies)

Alleging the failure to implement “biologically meaningful closures” to fishing around six penguin colonies in South Africa, NGOs in the likes of BirdLife South Africa and Southern African Foundation have now dragged South Africa's minister of forestry, fisheries and the environment, Barbara Creecy, to court.

Alleging the failure to implement “biologically meaningful closures” to fishing around six penguin colonies in South Africa, NGOs in the likes of BirdLife South Africa and Southern African Foundation have now dragged South Africa's minister of forestry, fisheries and the environment, Barbara Creecy, to court. It is vital to note that these six penguin colonies account for 76% of the global African penguin population. Last year in July the international review panel appointed by the minister conveyed in their report that targeted fishing closures around penguin colonies “would be likely to benefit penguin conservation”. Reportedly, the minister evaded some of the key recommendations made by her own appointed panel. Besides penguins, another endangered bird species Cape Cormorant also stands to benefit from this ban as it also feeds predominantly on small pelagic fish. Also read: Indian scientists from JNU develop new vaccine to fight Malaria Additionally, small-scale handline fishers have welcomed the proposals, as many of the species they target feed on sardines and anchovies. Over the period of 120 years, African penguins have undergone a significant decline of over 99%. If the same rate of decline is further continued, these Penguins will be extinct by 2035. Keeping aside the problem of penguin extinction, this decline is also bound to dent the South African tourism industry. Notably, it contributes 311m rand (£13m) a year to the local economy, as per a 2018 study on the colony at Boulders Beach in Cape Town. However, the fisher union has opined against the court's verdict. Citing the South African pelagic fishing industry, the Guardian reported, " “Contrary to environmental NGOs’ statements in the media that the main driver is the purse-seine fishing industry, the impact of fishing [on penguin numbers] is small. The “environmental NGOs” had delayed a “process that is tasked with establishing what are the main drivers causing the decline in penguin numbers”. (With inputs from agencies)

Penguin conservation failure: NGOs drag South Africa’s Environment Minister to court

A recent study conducted by Chinese researchers discovered microplastics in blood clots surgically removed from arteries in the heart and brain, as well as deep veins in the lower legs.

The journal eBioMedicine published the research, which involved thirty participants.&nbsp;The Chinese researchers also discovered a possible correlation between the amount of microplastics in blood clots and the severity of the condition, much like a prior study involving 257 patients which&nbsp;discovered that the presence of microplastics in plaques increased&nbsp;risk of heart attack or stroke.

The research included thirty patients who had suffered from heart attacks, strokes, or deep vein thrombosis, a disorder in which clots develop in deep veins, usually in the legs or pelvis, and required surgery to remove the blood clots.

Patients averaged 65 years old and had a variety of health histories and behaviors, including smoking, alcohol usage, high blood pressure, and diabetes. They utilised plastic items on a daily basis and were about evenly distributed across rural and urban locations.

Chemical examination revealed microplastics of varied shapes and sizes in 24 of the 30 blood clots tested, with variable amounts.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/video-showing-head-transplants-on-brain-dead-bodies-using-ai-shocks-netizens-724686">Video showing head transplants on brain-dead bodies using AI shocks netizens</a>

The same plastics that were found in the Italian-led research of artery plaques were also found during testing: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is frequently used in construction, and polyethylene (PE), which is commonly used in bottles and shopping bags.&nbsp;

The clots were found to include polyamide 66, a common plastic used in textiles and fabric, according to the recent study. PE accounted for 54% of the tested particles, making it the most prevalent plastic of the 15 kinds discovered by the research.

The researchers hypothesized that microplastics might somehow be clumping together in blood to worsen clotting because they also discovered that patients with higher levels of microplastics in their blood clots also had higher D-dimer levels than patients without microplastics found in thrombi.

Further research is necessary to fully understand this, though, as this study only looked at potential linkages rather than causes because it did not assess the amount of microplastics in the blood of the patients.

&nbsp;"These findings suggest that microplastics may serve as a potential risk factor associated with vascular health. Future research with a larger sample size is urgently needed to identify the sources of exposure and validate the observed trends in the study," the scientists wrote.

(With inputs from agencies)

A recent study conducted by Chinese researchers discovered microplastics in blood clots surgically removed from arteries in the heart and brain, as well as deep veins in the lower legs.

A recent study conducted by Chinese researchers discovered microplastics in blood clots surgically removed from arteries in the heart and brain, as well as deep veins in the lower legs. The journal eBioMedicine published the research, which involved thirty participants. The Chinese researchers also discovered a possible correlation between the amount of microplastics in blood clots and the severity of the condition, much like a prior study involving 257 patients which discovered that the presence of microplastics in plaques increased risk of heart attack or stroke. The research included thirty patients who had suffered from heart attacks, strokes, or deep vein thrombosis, a disorder in which clots develop in deep veins, usually in the legs or pelvis, and required surgery to remove the blood clots. Patients averaged 65 years old and had a variety of health histories and behaviors, including smoking, alcohol usage, high blood pressure, and diabetes. They utilised plastic items on a daily basis and were about evenly distributed across rural and urban locations. Chemical examination revealed microplastics of varied shapes and sizes in 24 of the 30 blood clots tested, with variable amounts. Also read: Video showing head transplants on brain-dead bodies using AI shocks netizens The same plastics that were found in the Italian-led research of artery plaques were also found during testing: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is frequently used in construction, and polyethylene (PE), which is commonly used in bottles and shopping bags. The clots were found to include polyamide 66, a common plastic used in textiles and fabric, according to the recent study. PE accounted for 54% of the tested particles, making it the most prevalent plastic of the 15 kinds discovered by the research. The researchers hypothesized that microplastics might somehow be clumping together in blood to worsen clotting because they also discovered that patients with higher levels of microplastics in their blood clots also had higher D-dimer levels than patients without microplastics found in thrombi. Further research is necessary to fully understand this, though, as this study only looked at potential linkages rather than causes because it did not assess the amount of microplastics in the blood of the patients. "These findings suggest that microplastics may serve as a potential risk factor associated with vascular health. Future research with a larger sample size is urgently needed to identify the sources of exposure and validate the observed trends in the study," the scientists wrote. (With inputs from agencies)

Microplastics found in blood clots linked to heart attacks and strokes

People experience ecological grief when they lose places, species or ecosystems they care deeply about. These losses pose an increasing danger to mental health and well-being worldwide.

People experience ecological grief when they lose places, species or ecosystems they care deeply about. These losses pose an increasing danger to mental health and well-being worldwide. News about worsening environmental conditions and climate change implications is making headlines all around the world. Environmental scientists, rangers, engineers, activists and policymakers are especially vulnerable to ecological grief because they have firsthand experience with environmental degradation. In a study published in Conservation Letters, researchers relied on psychology and public health studies to develop insights and techniques for coping with loss and applied them to ecological grief. They devised an approach known as "ecological grief literacy". Grief literacy refers to the information, skills and values that can assist with loss and grief. When developing the notion of ecological grieving, they considered the distinctions between bereavement and environmental loss. Bereavement often follows the loss of a loved one, which is a singular event. However, the timing and severity of environmental losses are inherently unknown. They are both ongoing and currently taking place. Also read: Did feathered dinosaurs exist? Study says these reptiles had scaly skins like lizards To better understand how to help those who are most vulnerable to experiencing ecological grief, researchers organised a workshop and shared knowledge on the science of emotion and stress. The session included a variety of activities and tools, allowing participants to choose what was most beneficial to them. How can you help those suffering from ecological grief? Having social support is essential to grieving healthily. Then, people feel taken care of and receive the assistance they most require. A large portion of this assistance is likely to come from family and friends in cases of losses like the death of a loved one. However, ecological grief is not often acknowledged or understood in the community. The people who have worked with nature before are likely to be colleagues or peers who may offer helpful support. Professionals in the environmental field can learn how to listen intently to colleagues who are grieving. Sensitively asking questions allows people to express themselves without fear of judgment or unwanted counsel. If you are the one experiencing persistent ecological grief, it is critical to aim compassion both toward yourself and others. Priority must be given to relaxation and distractions. Ecological grief is a natural and appropriate response to environmental loss. Making ecological grief literacy a part of everyday workplace health and safety would benefit not just the well-being of environmental professionals, but also their efforts to safeguard the species and ecosystems on which all of us rely. (With inputs from agencies)

What is ecological grief and how can you help your loved ones cope with it?

Massive stars eventually explode in a magnificent supernova, after which they explode. Scientists discovered that certain big stars have just departed, leaving no trace in the night sky.&nbsp;

A recent study published in Physical Review Letters conducted by an international team under the direction of astronomer Alejandro Vigna-Gómez from the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Germany and the Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark reveals that certain massive stars&nbsp;die quietly rather than with a massive explosion.

They discovered VFTS 243, a binary system in the Large Magellanic Cloud that includes a black hole and a companion star. According to current theories, the birth of the black hole should have been preceded by a supernova explosion, yet this system exhibits none.

"Were one to stand gazing up at a visible star going through a total collapse, it might, just at the right time, be like watching a star suddenly extinguish and disappear from the heavens," Vigna-Gómez said.

"The collapse is so complete that no explosion occurs, nothing escapes and one wouldn't see any bright supernova in the night sky. Astronomers have actually observed the sudden disappearance of brightly shining stars in recent times. We cannot be sure of a connection, but the results we have obtained from analyzing VFTS 243 has brought us much closer to a credible explanation," Vigna-Gómez added.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/sygazers-assemble-six-planets-are-set-to-align-in-spectacular-view-for-planet-parade-in-june-details-724934">Skygazers assemble! Six planets are set to align in spectacular view for 'planet parade' in June | Details</a>

When a star with a mass more than around 8 times that of the Sun goes supernova, the results are very chaotic. A black hole, neutron star, or ultradense object is created when the core of a star collapses due to gravity, depending on the mass of the initial star.

The VFTS 243 system is quite intriguing. It is made up of a giant star that is around 25 times the mass of the Sun and 7.4 million years old, as well as a black hole that is roughly 10 times as big.

Although we can't see the black hole directly, we can estimate it using the orbital velocity of its partner star&nbsp;and&nbsp;deduce additional information about the system.

A increasing amount of data points to the possibility that huge stars might occasionally fall straight into black holes without going through a supernova or earning 200 space dollars. The strongest evidence for this scenario is found in VFTS 243.

"Our results highlight VFTS 243 as the best observable case so far for the theory of stellar black holes formed through total collapse, where the supernova explosion fails and which our models have shown to be possible," says astrophysicist Irene Tamborra of the Niels Bohr Institute. 
&nbsp; 
(With inputs from agencies)

Massive stars eventually explode in a magnificent supernova, after which they explode. Scientists discovered that certain big stars have just departed, leaving no trace in the night sky.

Massive stars eventually explode in a magnificent supernova, after which they explode. Scientists discovered that certain big stars have just departed, leaving no trace in the night sky. A recent study published in Physical Review Letters conducted by an international team under the direction of astronomer Alejandro Vigna-Gómez from the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Germany and the Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark reveals that certain massive stars die quietly rather than with a massive explosion. They discovered VFTS 243, a binary system in the Large Magellanic Cloud that includes a black hole and a companion star. According to current theories, the birth of the black hole should have been preceded by a supernova explosion, yet this system exhibits none. "Were one to stand gazing up at a visible star going through a total collapse, it might, just at the right time, be like watching a star suddenly extinguish and disappear from the heavens," Vigna-Gómez said. "The collapse is so complete that no explosion occurs, nothing escapes and one wouldn't see any bright supernova in the night sky. Astronomers have actually observed the sudden disappearance of brightly shining stars in recent times. We cannot be sure of a connection, but the results we have obtained from analyzing VFTS 243 has brought us much closer to a credible explanation," Vigna-Gómez added. Also read: Skygazers assemble! Six planets are set to align in spectacular view for 'planet parade' in June | Details When a star with a mass more than around 8 times that of the Sun goes supernova, the results are very chaotic. A black hole, neutron star, or ultradense object is created when the core of a star collapses due to gravity, depending on the mass of the initial star. The VFTS 243 system is quite intriguing. It is made up of a giant star that is around 25 times the mass of the Sun and 7.4 million years old, as well as a black hole that is roughly 10 times as big. Although we can't see the black hole directly, we can estimate it using the orbital velocity of its partner star and deduce additional information about the system. A increasing amount of data points to the possibility that huge stars might occasionally fall straight into black holes without going through a supernova or earning 200 space dollars. The strongest evidence for this scenario is found in VFTS 243. "Our results highlight VFTS 243 as the best observable case so far for the theory of stellar black holes formed through total collapse, where the supernova explosion fails and which our models have shown to be possible," says astrophysicist Irene Tamborra of the Niels Bohr Institute. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists find stars that quietly 'die' without supernova explosions

A biomedical company is claiming that head transplants will be accessible within the next 10 years, and their video of the hypothetical future is going viral. BrainBridge, a neuroscience and biomedical engineering company, recently released the video demonstrating the simulation of a head transplant using Artificial Intelligence.

A biomedical company is claiming that head transplants will be accessible within the next 10 years, and their video of the hypothetical future is going viral. BrainBridge, a neuroscience and biomedical engineering company, recently released the video demonstrating the simulation of a head transplant using Artificial Intelligence. The video has been making the rounds on social media, with netizens sharing their thoughts on the new technology. One person commented, "Can't compete with God the creator." BrainBridge's visual depiction showed a new AI system grafting a human head onto the healthy new body of a brain-dead patient. “The goal of our technology is to push the boundaries of what is possible in medical science and provide innovative solutions for those battling life-threatening conditions,” Hashem Al-Ghaili, project lead at BrainBridge said. 🤖 BrainBridge, the first head transplant system, uses robotics and AI for head and face transplants, offering hope to those with severe conditions like stage-4 cancer and neurodegenerative diseases… pic.twitter.com/7qBYtdlVOo — Tansu Yegen (@TansuYegen) May 21, 2024 × “Our technology promises to open doors to lifesaving treatments that were unimaginable just a few years ago,” he added. Also read: Daily marijuana use surpasses daily drinking in the US, says study The procedure would be guided by artificial intelligence and molecular-level imaging to ensure its success. The head transplant would result in smooth results and quicker recoveries, the company said in the video. The patient would maintain their own awareness, memories, and cognitive abilities with this new technique. According to researchers, this AI technology would be ideal for patients coping with conditions like paralysis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and more. To avoid human error, the company turned to artificial intelligence (AI). “The process employs advanced high-speed robotic systems to prevent brain cell degradation and ensure seamless compatibility. The entire procedure is guided by real-time molecular-level imaging and AI algorithms to facilitate precise reconnection of the spinal cord, nerves, and blood vessels," BrainBridge said in a statement. With the goal of demonstrating the procedure on a live patient within the next eight years, BrainBridge is currently seeking to enlist the help of leading experts for this initiative. (With inputs from agencies)

Video showing head transplants on brain-dead bodies using AI shocks netizens

The formation of diamonds under natural conditions is quite a process. It takes the huge pressure of several gigapascals and the scorching heat of 1500 degrees Celsius over thousands of years to turn carbon atoms into diamonds. That's why they are mostly found buried hundreds of miles below the Earth's surface. But what if similar gems are created on the surface within 15 minutes without even requiring high pressure and high temperature? Scientists seemingly have developed such path-breaking technology, which may revolutionise the synthetic diamond industry over the coming years.

Physical chemist Rodney Ruoff of the Institute for Basic Science in South Korea&nbsp;published the study on April 24 in the journal Nature.

<h2>Current method</h2>

As of today, 99 per cent of synthetic diamonds are made using&nbsp;the high-pressure&nbsp;and high-temperature (HPHT) method. In this process, extreme conditions are used to convert carbon atoms into a diamond around a small seed or a started diamond.

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It has two shortcomings: It needs a lot of time, almost two weeks, and requires extreme conditions that are hard to maintain.

Secondly, the process requires a started gem or&nbsp;a seed.

<h2>New method</h2>

The new method requires atmospheric pressure and can produce promising results in just 15 minutes.

The researchers used electrically heated gallium with a bit of silicon in a graphite crucible. They put the crucible in a chamber maintained at sea-level atmospheric pressure.

After&nbsp;a lot&nbsp;of experiments, they found that a gallium-nickel-iron mixture — coupled with a pinch of silicon produced&nbsp;the most&nbsp;ideal conditions for&nbsp;the formation&nbsp;of diamonds, within just 15 minutes.

"For over a decade I have been thinking about new ways to grow diamonds, as I thought it might be possible to achieve this in what might be unexpected (per 'conventional' thinking) ways," Ruoff was quoted as saying by Live Science.

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However, the new method has its&nbsp;own&nbsp;challenges in the current form and requires further research to make it feasible for wider use.

For instance, the diamonds produced using this technique are tiny, the largest ones are hundreds of thousands of times smaller than the ones grown with HPHT. "In about a year or two, the world might have a clearer picture of things like possible commercial impact," Ruoff added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The formation of diamonds under natural conditions is quite a process. It takes the huge pressure of several gigapascals and the scorching heat of 1500 degrees Celsius over thousands of years to turn carbon atoms into diamonds.

The formation of diamonds under natural conditions is quite a process. It takes the huge pressure of several gigapascals and the scorching heat of 1500 degrees Celsius over thousands of years to turn carbon atoms into diamonds. That's why they are mostly found buried hundreds of miles below the Earth's surface. But what if similar gems are created on the surface within 15 minutes without even requiring high pressure and high temperature? Scientists seemingly have developed such path-breaking technology, which may revolutionise the synthetic diamond industry over the coming years. Physical chemist Rodney Ruoff of the Institute for Basic Science in South Korea published the study on April 24 in the journal Nature. Current method As of today, 99 per cent of synthetic diamonds are made using the high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) method. In this process, extreme conditions are used to convert carbon atoms into a diamond around a small seed or a started diamond. Also read: Scientists to install nuclear-powered UFO detectors in space to lure aliens to Earth, claims expert It has two shortcomings: It needs a lot of time, almost two weeks, and requires extreme conditions that are hard to maintain. Secondly, the process requires a started gem or a seed. New method The new method requires atmospheric pressure and can produce promising results in just 15 minutes. The researchers used electrically heated gallium with a bit of silicon in a graphite crucible. They put the crucible in a chamber maintained at sea-level atmospheric pressure. After a lot of experiments, they found that a gallium-nickel-iron mixture — coupled with a pinch of silicon produced the most ideal conditions for the formation of diamonds, within just 15 minutes. "For over a decade I have been thinking about new ways to grow diamonds, as I thought it might be possible to achieve this in what might be unexpected (per 'conventional' thinking) ways," Ruoff was quoted as saying by Live Science. Also read: Man spends 93 days under Atlantic Sea, becomes '10 years younger' However, the new method has its own challenges in the current form and requires further research to make it feasible for wider use. For instance, the diamonds produced using this technique are tiny, the largest ones are hundreds of thousands of times smaller than the ones grown with HPHT. "In about a year or two, the world might have a clearer picture of things like possible commercial impact," Ruoff added. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists develop technique that can create diamonds in just 15 minutes

Researchers discovered two skeletons with identical injuries, indicating that, more than 2,000 years ago, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty of China employed limb amputation as a form of punishment with startling precision.

Paleoanthropologist Qian Wang of Texas A&amp;M University and associates examined a skeleton that was probably male and lacking its left foot as well as roughly one-fifth of its lower left leg, which was 8 centimetres (3 inches) shorter than its right leg.

The second skeleton, thought to be male, likewise had its right leg severed at the same length of bone, but not roughly. The men's dismembered limbs are of identical length, cut within a centimetre of each other.

The skeletons were discovered during an excavation in Sanmenxia, a city in Henan Province, China. Their age, estimated at 2,300 to 2,500 years, places them in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, whose rulers governed portions of China from 771 and 256 BCE.

Wang and colleagues write in their report released in March that "this discovery, along with some previous findings, corroborates with historic written records of law and punishment" employed during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-develop-machine-that-can-read-humans-thoughts-translate-to-text-in-real-time-723929">Scientists develop machine that can read human thoughts, translate to text in real-time</a>

It is hard to determine what these two guys were accused of based just on their bones. However, Wang speculates that one man may have had a more severe sentence than the other based on historical records because right leg amputations were only performed for more serious crimes.

"Since amputation by penalty was not an uncommon phenomenon, they might [have] returned to normal social life and were buried in a proper manner after death," Wang explains. Based on the findings that the researchers published in Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, it is likely that the men's social rank was high enough to allow for their rehabilitation.

The two-layered casket in which each body was discovered was buried facing north-south, an orientation usually associated with the elite classes. Conversely, commoners were restricted to smaller, east-west facing graves.

Grave items, as well as isotopes in the bones indicating a protein-rich diet, imply the men were aristocrats, maybe low-level officials. Regarding the two Chinese men who paid for their unidentified crimes with their limbs, Wang says, "These cases enrich our understanding of the penal laws and their implementations, medical care capabilities, and the general benevolent attitudes towards those who were punished by law from the social and archaeological contexts of ancient China." 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

Researchers discovered two skeletons with identical injuries, indicating that, more than 2,000 years ago, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty of China employed limb amputation as a form of punishment with startling precision.

Researchers discovered two skeletons with identical injuries, indicating that, more than 2,000 years ago, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty of China employed limb amputation as a form of punishment with startling precision. Paleoanthropologist Qian Wang of Texas A&M University and associates examined a skeleton that was probably male and lacking its left foot as well as roughly one-fifth of its lower left leg, which was 8 centimetres (3 inches) shorter than its right leg. The second skeleton, thought to be male, likewise had its right leg severed at the same length of bone, but not roughly. The men's dismembered limbs are of identical length, cut within a centimetre of each other. The skeletons were discovered during an excavation in Sanmenxia, a city in Henan Province, China. Their age, estimated at 2,300 to 2,500 years, places them in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, whose rulers governed portions of China from 771 and 256 BCE. Wang and colleagues write in their report released in March that "this discovery, along with some previous findings, corroborates with historic written records of law and punishment" employed during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Also read: Scientists develop machine that can read human thoughts, translate to text in real-time It is hard to determine what these two guys were accused of based just on their bones. However, Wang speculates that one man may have had a more severe sentence than the other based on historical records because right leg amputations were only performed for more serious crimes. "Since amputation by penalty was not an uncommon phenomenon, they might [have] returned to normal social life and were buried in a proper manner after death," Wang explains. Based on the findings that the researchers published in Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, it is likely that the men's social rank was high enough to allow for their rehabilitation. The two-layered casket in which each body was discovered was buried facing north-south, an orientation usually associated with the elite classes. Conversely, commoners were restricted to smaller, east-west facing graves. Grave items, as well as isotopes in the bones indicating a protein-rich diet, imply the men were aristocrats, maybe low-level officials. Regarding the two Chinese men who paid for their unidentified crimes with their limbs, Wang says, "These cases enrich our understanding of the penal laws and their implementations, medical care capabilities, and the general benevolent attitudes towards those who were punished by law from the social and archaeological contexts of ancient China." (With inputs from agencies)

Ancient justice: Chinese skeletons reveal limb amputation as punishment over 2,000 years ago

It sounds magical and supernatural to have the ability to read someone else's mind. But it seems like science has already brought this surreal but also terrifying imagination to reality.&nbsp;Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) are claiming to have developed a machine that can read a human's mind and translate thoughts into text in real-time.&nbsp;The machine was found&nbsp;to have an impressive accuracy rate of 79 per cent.

This&nbsp;marks a significant leap in the brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, which can drastically change how we interact with machines.

<h2>How was the study conducted?</h2>

To conduct the experiment,&nbsp;tiny electrodes were planted&nbsp;in the brains of two participants&nbsp;by the scientists.&nbsp;Then, the two participants&nbsp;were asked&nbsp;to silently say specific words.&nbsp;

The machine was able to decode their thoughts with 79 per cent accuracy.

However, scientists said the technology was still in very early stages and was limited to just "six words."

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The scientists asked the volunteers to look at words on a screen and whisper them without saying out loud, repeating each word eight times over three days. The BCI implant then detected the brain's activity patterns using a computer model to try and figure out the words the participants were thinking about.&nbsp;

<h2>Scientists exploring non-invasive methods</h2>

Caltech technology currently requires tiny electrodes to&nbsp;be implanted&nbsp;in brains by surgery. Scientists are also exploring non-invasive methods and technology.&nbsp;

One such method is using fMRI scans to analyse brain activity.

Watch:&nbsp;Beyond auroras: Solar flares impact Earth's core?

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As of now, these methods exhibit lesser accuracy but are more practical in the long run.

This technology, once evolved, can be used en masse for aiding patients facing speech and non-verbal disorders.

This technology can prove to be a boon for&nbsp;stroke survivors and individuals who have lost their ability to speak. It could offer them a valuable way to&nbsp;convey their thoughts and engage in effective communication with others.

(With inputs from agencies)

It sounds magical and supernatural to have the ability to read someone else's mind. But it seems like science has already brought this surreal but also terrifying imagination to reality.

It sounds magical and supernatural to have the ability to read someone else's mind. But it seems like science has already brought this surreal but also terrifying imagination to reality. Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) are claiming to have developed a machine that can read a human's mind and translate thoughts into text in real-time. The machine was found to have an impressive accuracy rate of 79 per cent. This marks a significant leap in the brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, which can drastically change how we interact with machines. How was the study conducted? To conduct the experiment, tiny electrodes were planted in the brains of two participants by the scientists. Then, the two participants were asked to silently say specific words. The machine was able to decode their thoughts with 79 per cent accuracy. However, scientists said the technology was still in very early stages and was limited to just "six words." Also read: Scientists to install nuclear-powered UFO detectors in space to lure aliens to Earth, claims expert The scientists asked the volunteers to look at words on a screen and whisper them without saying out loud, repeating each word eight times over three days. The BCI implant then detected the brain's activity patterns using a computer model to try and figure out the words the participants were thinking about. Scientists exploring non-invasive methods Caltech technology currently requires tiny electrodes to be implanted in brains by surgery. Scientists are also exploring non-invasive methods and technology. One such method is using fMRI scans to analyse brain activity. Watch: Beyond auroras: Solar flares impact Earth's core? × As of now, these methods exhibit lesser accuracy but are more practical in the long run. This technology, once evolved, can be used en masse for aiding patients facing speech and non-verbal disorders. This technology can prove to be a boon for stroke survivors and individuals who have lost their ability to speak. It could offer them a valuable way to convey their thoughts and engage in effective communication with others. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists develop machine that can read human thoughts, translate to text in real-time

A scientist has claimed that researchers are trying to build small&nbsp;“handheld”&nbsp;nuclear reactors to help lure aliens to our home planet. The idea&nbsp;is based&nbsp;on the long-held notion that aliens find it easier to detect&nbsp;nuclear&nbsp;reactors, radiation or weapons. Some media reports in the past have even linked UFO sightings to&nbsp;nuclear&nbsp;sites across the world.

Kevin Knuth, Professor of Physics at the University at Albany, said earlier this year that&nbsp;it's&nbsp;an idea that&nbsp;couldn't&nbsp;go wrong and that mini handheld nuclear reactors are already&nbsp;being patented.

“We were trying to figure out how we can lure UFOs and work out how to make contact,"&nbsp;he was quoted as saying by Daily Star.

“We settled on the fact that UFOs have an interest in, and an ability to detect nuclear weapons&nbsp;– some of them underground, some of them in bunkers or in storage depots,"&nbsp;he said.

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The scientist added that the aliens seemingly have a&nbsp;special&nbsp;ability to detect nuclear weapons.

“How do they do this? Are they using neutrinos, which are really hard to detect, or gamma rays? We&nbsp;don't&nbsp;know. But my colleague has developed a new technology which is basically a handheld lithium-powered nuclear-fission reactor, which he is now patenting,"&nbsp;he told an audience.

<h2>The plan</h2>

He said&nbsp;that&nbsp;the plan is to design nuclear-powered UFO-observing equipment and&nbsp;then&nbsp;install it in the space.

"Maybe these guys will detect it and come down and find out what&nbsp;'those crazy monkeys'&nbsp;are up to this time. And we can get some imagery or some data . . .&nbsp;that's&nbsp;our plan,”&nbsp;he said.

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He said while delivering a speech at the Sol Foundation in California earlier this year. However, the researcher failed to provide any more details about the plan.

<h2>Idea not new</h2>

However radical this idea may sound, but&nbsp;it's&nbsp;not new.&nbsp;

Infamous researcher Avi Loeb&nbsp;last year&nbsp;used the same trick&nbsp;to try&nbsp;to find UFOs during his Galileo Project but to no avail.

(With inputs from agencies)

A scientist has claimed that researchers are trying to build small “handheld” nuclear reactors to help lure aliens to our home planet. The idea is based on the long-held notion that aliens find it easier to detect nuclear reactors, radiation or weapons.

A scientist has claimed that researchers are trying to build small “handheld” nuclear reactors to help lure aliens to our home planet. The idea is based on the long-held notion that aliens find it easier to detect nuclear reactors, radiation or weapons. Some media reports in the past have even linked UFO sightings to nuclear sites across the world. Kevin Knuth, Professor of Physics at the University at Albany, said earlier this year that it's an idea that couldn't go wrong and that mini handheld nuclear reactors are already being patented. “We were trying to figure out how we can lure UFOs and work out how to make contact," he was quoted as saying by Daily Star. “We settled on the fact that UFOs have an interest in, and an ability to detect nuclear weapons – some of them underground, some of them in bunkers or in storage depots," he said. Also read: Aliens may be travelling from one planet to another via meteorites: Study The scientist added that the aliens seemingly have a special ability to detect nuclear weapons. “How do they do this? Are they using neutrinos, which are really hard to detect, or gamma rays? We don't know. But my colleague has developed a new technology which is basically a handheld lithium-powered nuclear-fission reactor, which he is now patenting," he told an audience. The plan He said that the plan is to design nuclear-powered UFO-observing equipment and then install it in the space. "Maybe these guys will detect it and come down and find out what 'those crazy monkeys' are up to this time. And we can get some imagery or some data . . . that's our plan,” he said. Also read: Elon Musk cites simple proof to assert his belief that aliens don`t exist He said while delivering a speech at the Sol Foundation in California earlier this year. However, the researcher failed to provide any more details about the plan. Idea not new However radical this idea may sound, but it's not new. Infamous researcher Avi Loeb last year used the same trick to try to find UFOs during his Galileo Project but to no avail. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists to install nuclear-powered UFO detectors in space to lure aliens to Earth, claims expert

The Sun's volatile activity peaked late Tuesday when the colossal sunspot AR3664 unleashed a massive solar flare, the most powerful eruption of the current solar cycle. Watch in for more details!

Beyond auroras: Solar flares impact Earth's core?

Since its introduction to medicine over 180 years ago, general anaesthesia has remained mostly unknown. Even though it is one of the safest medical techniques, we still don't fully understand how anaesthetic medications function in the brain. Research published in the Journal of Neuroscience sheds fresh light on the complexities of the process.&nbsp;

In a study of fruit flies, researchers discovered a potential mechanism for anaesthetic medications to interact with certain types of neurons (brain cells), and it all has to do with proteins. The human brain has around 86 billion neurons, and not all of them are the same; it is these variances that allow general anaesthesia to be effective.

In general, neurons in the brain fall into two kinds. The "excitatory" neurons are the first, and they are usually in charge of keeping us awake and vigilant. The purpose of the second type of neurons, known as "inhibitory," is to govern and control the excitatory ones. Excitatory and inhibitory neurons are always active and balance each other out in our daily lives.

The brain's inhibitory neurons "silence" the excitatory ones that keep us awake as we go to sleep. You can feel increasingly exhausted during the day as a result of this, which develops gradually over time.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://wionews.com/science/breast-cancer-treatment-scientists-achieve-gamechanger-breakthrough-723483">Breast cancer treatment: Scientists achieve ‘gamechanger’ breakthrough</a>

General anaesthetics accelerate this process by suppressing excitable neurons without affecting inhibitory neurons. This is why your anaesthetist will inform you that they'll "put you to sleep" during the procedure because&nbsp;it's basically the same thing.

Although the reason why anaesthetics cause the patients&nbsp;to sleep&nbsp;off is known, the mystery that remains is why the patients&nbsp;remain unconscious throughout operation. If you went to bed tonight, fell asleep, and someone tried to perform surgery on you, you would be shocked. The reason why patients stay asleep during surgery under general anaesthesia is still a topic of debate in the field.

Researchers have put up a number of plausible hypotheses over the past few decades, but they all appear to lead towards the same underlying cause. When subjected to general anaesthetics, neurons cease communicating with one another.

It may sound a little bizarre to think of "cells talking to each other," yet this is a basic premise in neuroscience. Our brains could not operate at all without this connection. It also lets the brain to monitor what is happening throughout the body.

Proteins need to interact with neurons in order for them to communicate. Getting neurons to produce chemicals known as neurotransmitters is one of the functions of these proteins. The research discovered that these proteins' capacity to release neurotransmitters is impaired by general anaesthetics, but only in excitatory neurons.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Since its introduction to medicine over 180 years ago, general anaesthesia has remained mostly unknown. Even though it is one of the safest medical techniques, we still don't fully understand how anaesthetic medications function in the brain.

Since its introduction to medicine over 180 years ago, general anaesthesia has remained mostly unknown. Even though it is one of the safest medical techniques, we still don't fully understand how anaesthetic medications function in the brain. Research published in the Journal of Neuroscience sheds fresh light on the complexities of the process. In a study of fruit flies, researchers discovered a potential mechanism for anaesthetic medications to interact with certain types of neurons (brain cells), and it all has to do with proteins. The human brain has around 86 billion neurons, and not all of them are the same; it is these variances that allow general anaesthesia to be effective. In general, neurons in the brain fall into two kinds. The "excitatory" neurons are the first, and they are usually in charge of keeping us awake and vigilant. The purpose of the second type of neurons, known as "inhibitory," is to govern and control the excitatory ones. Excitatory and inhibitory neurons are always active and balance each other out in our daily lives. The brain's inhibitory neurons "silence" the excitatory ones that keep us awake as we go to sleep. You can feel increasingly exhausted during the day as a result of this, which develops gradually over time. Also read: Breast cancer treatment: Scientists achieve ‘gamechanger’ breakthrough General anaesthetics accelerate this process by suppressing excitable neurons without affecting inhibitory neurons. This is why your anaesthetist will inform you that they'll "put you to sleep" during the procedure because it's basically the same thing. Although the reason why anaesthetics cause the patients to sleep off is known, the mystery that remains is why the patients remain unconscious throughout operation. If you went to bed tonight, fell asleep, and someone tried to perform surgery on you, you would be shocked. The reason why patients stay asleep during surgery under general anaesthesia is still a topic of debate in the field. Researchers have put up a number of plausible hypotheses over the past few decades, but they all appear to lead towards the same underlying cause. When subjected to general anaesthetics, neurons cease communicating with one another. It may sound a little bizarre to think of "cells talking to each other," yet this is a basic premise in neuroscience. Our brains could not operate at all without this connection. It also lets the brain to monitor what is happening throughout the body. Proteins need to interact with neurons in order for them to communicate. Getting neurons to produce chemicals known as neurotransmitters is one of the functions of these proteins. The research discovered that these proteins' capacity to release neurotransmitters is impaired by general anaesthetics, but only in excitatory neurons. (With inputs from agencies)

Unravelling the mystery: How does general anaesthesia work in the brain?

Retired naval officer Joseph Dituri&nbsp;was asked&nbsp;to stay underwater for over three months as a requirement for a path-breaking study. Scientists wanted to know the effects of living underwater in a pressurised environment on the human body. And guess what, scientists&nbsp;were shocked to learn that Dituri had turned '10 years younger' when he stepped out of his compact&nbsp;pod,&nbsp;after&nbsp;having stayed&nbsp;over three months in the depths of the Atlantic Ocean.

<h2>What changes&nbsp;were noticed?</h2>

After medical assessments,&nbsp;it was revealed&nbsp;that Dituri's&nbsp;telomeres, the DNA caps at the ends of chromosomes&nbsp;that typically shrink with age, became 20 per cent longer than three months earlier.

Apart from that, his stem cell count had also gone up, with his overall health witnessing a remarkable transformation.

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Dituri also experienced an enhanced sleep quality. His cholesterol levels dropped by 72 points, and&nbsp;his inflammatory markers were cut&nbsp;in half. Doctors said these changes occurred due to the underwater pressure, which is known to have many beneficial effects on the body.

Dituri later spoke about why people needed such experiences.

"You need one of these places that is cut off from outside activity. Send people down here for a two-week vacation, where they get their feet scrubbed, relax and can experience the benefit of hyperbaric medicine," he was quoted as saying by Daily Mirror, a British tabloid.

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He said that he also experienced&nbsp;major&nbsp;improvements in his metabolism.&nbsp;

During his time underwater, he said he would work out for over an hour, five days a week, using only his exercise bands.

Joseph Dituri achieved another major feat during his 93-day endeavour. He shattered the previous world record for underwater habitation, which was 73 days.

(With inputs from agencies)

Retired naval officer Joseph Dituri was asked to stay underwater for over three months as a requirement for a path-breaking study. Scientists wanted to know the effects of living underwater in a pressurised environment on the human body.

Retired naval officer Joseph Dituri was asked to stay underwater for over three months as a requirement for a path-breaking study. Scientists wanted to know the effects of living underwater in a pressurised environment on the human body. And guess what, scientists were shocked to learn that Dituri had turned '10 years younger' when he stepped out of his compact pod, after having stayed over three months in the depths of the Atlantic Ocean. What changes were noticed? After medical assessments, it was revealed that Dituri's telomeres, the DNA caps at the ends of chromosomes that typically shrink with age, became 20 per cent longer than three months earlier. Apart from that, his stem cell count had also gone up, with his overall health witnessing a remarkable transformation. Also read: Yemen’s Houthis claim to have targeted US warship and vessel ‘Destiny’ in Red Sea Dituri also experienced an enhanced sleep quality. His cholesterol levels dropped by 72 points, and his inflammatory markers were cut in half. Doctors said these changes occurred due to the underwater pressure, which is known to have many beneficial effects on the body. Dituri later spoke about why people needed such experiences. "You need one of these places that is cut off from outside activity. Send people down here for a two-week vacation, where they get their feet scrubbed, relax and can experience the benefit of hyperbaric medicine," he was quoted as saying by Daily Mirror, a British tabloid. Also read: South China Sea Tensions: India, Malaysia back Philippines - hold naval drills with China in mind He said that he also experienced major improvements in his metabolism. During his time underwater, he said he would work out for over an hour, five days a week, using only his exercise bands. Joseph Dituri achieved another major feat during his 93-day endeavour. He shattered the previous world record for underwater habitation, which was 73 days. (With inputs from agencies)

Man spends 93 days under Atlantic Sea, becomes ‘10 years younger’

Our conventional wisdom says all dinosaurs were cold-blooded.&nbsp;However, a new study has challenged this long-held notion, implying that they may have evolved themselves to become warm-blooded to overcome climate challenges.

<h2>The new theory</h2>

As per the new theory, increased volcanic activity may have driven mercury upwards in the Early Jurassic period. Over the period, this led to the extinction of various plant species. This climate emergency gave rise to&nbsp;various&nbsp;new groups of dinosaurs.&nbsp;

Scientists say this may have led to endothermy among dinosaurs, which means the ability to generate heat inside the body, a feature of mammals and birds.

Endothermy allowed dinosaurs to move to colder regions and survive there.&nbsp;

“Our analyses show that different climate preferences emerged among the main dinosaur groups around the time of the Jenkyns event 183 million years ago,” explained study lead author Dr Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza of UCL Earth Sciences.

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“The adoption of endothermy, perhaps a result of this environmental crisis, may have enabled theropods and ornithischians to thrive in colder environments.”

<h2>Which groups first embraced endothermy?</h2>

It&nbsp;is speculated&nbsp;that Theropods, the group that includes the iconic T. rex and Velociraptor, and ornithischians, which include relatives of the plant-eating Stegosaurus and Triceratops, were the first ones to adopt the new ability to generate heat inside their bodies.

“Theropods also include birds and our study suggests that birds’ unique temperature regulation may have had its origin in this Early Jurassic epoch,” noted co-author Dr. Sara Varela of the Universidade de Vigo.

The new ability thus gave them a significant edge over their cold-blooded counterparts.

<h2>Some questions still unanswered</h2>

The new theory provides exciting insights into the evolution of warm-blooded traits in dinosaurs, but&nbsp;many questions remain unanswered.

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It is still&nbsp;not clear&nbsp;how the new ability developed over time and what other factors may have contributed to its development.

As scientists further dive into the details of dinosaur evolution, one fact remains clear: these ancient beings were significantly more intricate and captivating than previously believed.

(With inputs from agencies)

Our conventional wisdom says all dinosaurs were cold-blooded. However, a new study has challenged this long-held notion, implying that they may have evolved themselves to become warm-blooded to overcome climate challenges.

Our conventional wisdom says all dinosaurs were cold-blooded. However, a new study has challenged this long-held notion, implying that they may have evolved themselves to become warm-blooded to overcome climate challenges. The new theory As per the new theory, increased volcanic activity may have driven mercury upwards in the Early Jurassic period. Over the period, this led to the extinction of various plant species. This climate emergency gave rise to various new groups of dinosaurs. Scientists say this may have led to endothermy among dinosaurs, which means the ability to generate heat inside the body, a feature of mammals and birds. Endothermy allowed dinosaurs to move to colder regions and survive there. “Our analyses show that different climate preferences emerged among the main dinosaur groups around the time of the Jenkyns event 183 million years ago,” explained study lead author Dr Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza of UCL Earth Sciences. Also read: NASA’s Juno mission captures reddest object in solar system “The adoption of endothermy, perhaps a result of this environmental crisis, may have enabled theropods and ornithischians to thrive in colder environments.” Which groups first embraced endothermy? It is speculated that Theropods, the group that includes the iconic T. rex and Velociraptor, and ornithischians, which include relatives of the plant-eating Stegosaurus and Triceratops, were the first ones to adopt the new ability to generate heat inside their bodies. “Theropods also include birds and our study suggests that birds’ unique temperature regulation may have had its origin in this Early Jurassic epoch,” noted co-author Dr. Sara Varela of the Universidade de Vigo. The new ability thus gave them a significant edge over their cold-blooded counterparts. Some questions still unanswered The new theory provides exciting insights into the evolution of warm-blooded traits in dinosaurs, but many questions remain unanswered. Also read: Practice makes a person almost perfect, science confirms It is still not clear how the new ability developed over time and what other factors may have contributed to its development. As scientists further dive into the details of dinosaur evolution, one fact remains clear: these ancient beings were significantly more intricate and captivating than previously believed. (With inputs from agencies)

Climate change may have forced some dinosaur groups to become warm-blooded: Study

Earth faced a massive solar flare fired off sunspot AR3664 last week, offering space enthusiasts a god-sent opportunity to witness auroras. Last week, our home planet Earth was in the direct firing line of the massive coronal mass ejection. This week, another planet&nbsp;is going to&nbsp;face the wrath of the&nbsp;massive&nbsp;solar flare: Mars.

"Looking at the measurements of the flare from Mars using the Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor (EUVM) onboard MAVEN, this is by-far the largest flare we’ve seen since MAVEN arrived at Mars in 2014," Dr Ed Thiemann, Heliophysicist at&nbsp;the University of Colorado at Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), was quoted as saying by Space.com.

"We haven't looked at MAVEN's atmospheric measurements yet, but based on prior events, we expect the flare rapidly heated and ionized the Martian upper atmosphere, causing the upper atmospheric temperature to perhaps double for a few hours and inflating the entire daylit hemisphere by tens of km."

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Indeed, NASA's Perseverance Mars rover has a front-row position on the Red Planet, enabling it to directly observe the sun with both AR3663 and AR3664 sunspots in its view.&nbsp;

Just like Earth, Mars will be directly affected by the coronal mass ejection (CME) as it crosses its path, leading to interactions with the Martian atmosphere and the generation of a solar storm. As&nbsp;of result&nbsp;of this, aurora might become visible to Perseverance, offering an awe-inspiring spectacle to behold.

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"The CME launched by the flare is on its way and it may cause global-scale aurora and energize Mars's upper ionosphere and magnetosphere," Thiemann said.

Unlike Earth,&nbsp;Mars lacks a magnetic field to&nbsp;protect it from highly charged particles.&nbsp;Therefore, it's significant for MAVEN to remain there and monitor and study Mars's upper atmosphere, particularly during events like this.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;&nbsp;

Earth faced a massive solar flare fired off sunspot AR3664 last week, offering space enthusiasts a god-sent opportunity to witness auroras. Last week, our home planet Earth was in the direct firing line of the massive coronal mass ejection.

Earth faced a massive solar flare fired off sunspot AR3664 last week, offering space enthusiasts a god-sent opportunity to witness auroras. Last week, our home planet Earth was in the direct firing line of the massive coronal mass ejection. This week, another planet is going to face the wrath of the massive solar flare: Mars. "Looking at the measurements of the flare from Mars using the Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor (EUVM) onboard MAVEN, this is by-far the largest flare we’ve seen since MAVEN arrived at Mars in 2014," Dr Ed Thiemann, Heliophysicist at the University of Colorado at Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), was quoted as saying by Space.com. "We haven't looked at MAVEN's atmospheric measurements yet, but based on prior events, we expect the flare rapidly heated and ionized the Martian upper atmosphere, causing the upper atmospheric temperature to perhaps double for a few hours and inflating the entire daylit hemisphere by tens of km." Also read: Scientists regenerate face of ancient Egyptian monarch, `the richest man in history` Indeed, NASA's Perseverance Mars rover has a front-row position on the Red Planet, enabling it to directly observe the sun with both AR3663 and AR3664 sunspots in its view. Just like Earth, Mars will be directly affected by the coronal mass ejection (CME) as it crosses its path, leading to interactions with the Martian atmosphere and the generation of a solar storm. As of result of this, aurora might become visible to Perseverance, offering an awe-inspiring spectacle to behold. Also read: Practice makes a person almost perfect, science confirms "The CME launched by the flare is on its way and it may cause global-scale aurora and energize Mars's upper ionosphere and magnetosphere," Thiemann said. Unlike Earth, Mars lacks a magnetic field to protect it from highly charged particles. Therefore, it's significant for MAVEN to remain there and monitor and study Mars's upper atmosphere, particularly during events like this. (With inputs from agencies)

Massive solar flare sunspot that caused auroras on Earth now targets Mars

NASA's Juno spacecraft earlier this year spotted the elusive fifth moon of Jupiter, known as Amalthea.

It was spotted&nbsp;as it transited the planet's Great Red Spot, offering researchers a rare view of this small but intriguing natural satellite.

Amalthea is Jupiter's fifth largest moon of the 95 known moons, with the four largest moons&nbsp;being:&nbsp;Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.

However, Amalthea has quite humble dimensions, with its long axis stretching 250 kilometres and its narrowest point spanning&nbsp;a mere&nbsp;128 km.

Scientists believe the moon looks like a potato&nbsp;and is like&nbsp;a loosely held-together rubble pile rather than solid rock.

Juno glanced at Amalthea on March 7 as it passed by Jupiter for the 59th time.&nbsp;

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Amalthea looked like a tiny black dot against the backdrop of one of Jupiter's reddish, dark cloud bands; later, it was seen by Juno transiting the Great Red Spot.&nbsp;

The size of the moon is astounding: tiny Amalthea is seen 112,500 miles (181,000 km) above Jupiter's cloud tops, while the Great Red Spot, a massive anticyclonic storm, is currently 7,767 miles (12,500 km) broad.

Amalthea revolves around Jupiter&nbsp;the&nbsp;shortest of all the moons, completing one full rotation around it every 0.5 Earth days.

Amalthea is shrouded in mystery as scientists suspect the moon emits more heat than it receives from the Sun. It's still unknown where this extra energy is coming from.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwiH9eeq6ZKGAxUqxjgGHVtQCFgQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/massive-collision-of-black-holes-took-place-in-ancient-space-one-was-50-million-times-mass-of-sun-722216" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/massive-collision-of-black-holes-took-place-in-ancient-space-one-was-50-million-times-mass-of-sun-722216&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiH9eeq6ZKGAxUqxjgGHVtQCFgQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE">Massive collision of black holes took place in ancient space. One was 50 million times mass of Sun</a>

However, several theories have&nbsp;been put forward&nbsp;by researchers.

One theory is that Amalthea receives heat from Jupiter both directly and indirectly. Additionally, heat may&nbsp;be produced&nbsp;by tidal pressures within Amalthea caused by Jupiter's tight grasp.

Amalthea&nbsp;is often forgotten&nbsp;in scientific discussions, with its significance being clouded by that of its four big giant siblings.

However, the exploration must continue&nbsp;to completely unravel the truth about this mysterious natural satellite.

NASA's Juno spacecraft earlier this year spotted the elusive fifth moon of Jupiter, known as Amalthea. It was spotted as it transited the planet's Great Red Spot, offering researchers a rare view of this small but intriguing natural satellite.

NASA's Juno spacecraft earlier this year spotted the elusive fifth moon of Jupiter, known as Amalthea. It was spotted as it transited the planet's Great Red Spot, offering researchers a rare view of this small but intriguing natural satellite. Amalthea is Jupiter's fifth largest moon of the 95 known moons, with the four largest moons being: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. However, Amalthea has quite humble dimensions, with its long axis stretching 250 kilometres and its narrowest point spanning a mere 128 km. Scientists believe the moon looks like a potato and is like a loosely held-together rubble pile rather than solid rock. Juno glanced at Amalthea on March 7 as it passed by Jupiter for the 59th time. Also read: Scientists finally know why Venus is leaking water into space even today Amalthea looked like a tiny black dot against the backdrop of one of Jupiter's reddish, dark cloud bands; later, it was seen by Juno transiting the Great Red Spot. The size of the moon is astounding: tiny Amalthea is seen 112,500 miles (181,000 km) above Jupiter's cloud tops, while the Great Red Spot, a massive anticyclonic storm, is currently 7,767 miles (12,500 km) broad. Amalthea revolves around Jupiter the shortest of all the moons, completing one full rotation around it every 0.5 Earth days. Amalthea is shrouded in mystery as scientists suspect the moon emits more heat than it receives from the Sun. It's still unknown where this extra energy is coming from. Also read: Massive collision of black holes took place in ancient space. One was 50 million times mass of Sun However, several theories have been put forward by researchers. One theory is that Amalthea receives heat from Jupiter both directly and indirectly. Additionally, heat may be produced by tidal pressures within Amalthea caused by Jupiter's tight grasp. Amalthea is often forgotten in scientific discussions, with its significance being clouded by that of its four big giant siblings. However, the exploration must continue to completely unravel the truth about this mysterious natural satellite.

Jupiter's fifth moon spotted by NASA's Juno spacecraft; Here's why it's mysterious

Ever thought about what it might be like to go through life without your inner voice? The inner monologue is familiar to most people, yet not everyone has had the same experience.

Scientists have discovered recently that&nbsp;5–10% of people do not have an inner voice.

"Some say that they think in pictures and then translate the pictures into words when they need to say something," linguist Johanne Nedergård from the University of Copenhagen said.

"Others describe their brain as a well-functioning computer that just does not process thoughts verbally, and that the connection to loudspeaker and microphone is different from other people's. And those who say that there is something verbal going on inside their heads will typically describe it as words without sound,"&nbsp;Nedergård added.&nbsp;

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The absence of an inner voice, which Nedergård and colleague Gary Lupyan from the University of Wisconsin-Madison have called anendophasia, may have an impact on how individuals solve issues and recall information.

These findings were published in the journal Psychological Science.

Out of the 93 persons that participated in the study, 52 had poor inner speech. 
 
Participants were given four tasks to perform, including recalling words in order and assessing whether a collection of photographs contained words that rhymed.

Given that it helps to mentally repeat phrases, the team's original hypothesis was that those who had anendophasia would have trouble remembering these lengthy lists of words.

"And this hypothesis turned out to be true. The participants without an inner voice were significantly worse at remembering the words. The same applied to an assignment in which the participants had to determine whether a pair of pictures contained words that rhyme, e.g. pictures of a sock and a clock. Here, too, it is crucial to be able to repeat the words in order to compare their sounds and thus determine whether they rhyme," Nedergård said.

This research prompts the question:&nbsp;does anendophasia affect the people who have it in some significant way?

"The short answer is that we just don't know because we have only just begun to study it. But there is one field where we suspect that having an inner voice plays a role, and that is therapy; in the widely used cognitive behavioural therapy, for example, you need to identify and change adverse thought patterns, and having an inner voice may be very important in such a process," Nedergård said.&nbsp;

"However, it is still uncertain whether differences in the experience of an inner voice are related to how people respond to different types of therapy," &nbsp;Nedergård added.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

Ever thought about what it might be like to go through life without your inner voice? The inner monologue is familiar to most people, yet not everyone has had the same experience.

Ever thought about what it might be like to go through life without your inner voice? The inner monologue is familiar to most people, yet not everyone has had the same experience. Scientists have discovered recently that 5–10% of people do not have an inner voice. "Some say that they think in pictures and then translate the pictures into words when they need to say something," linguist Johanne Nedergård from the University of Copenhagen said. "Others describe their brain as a well-functioning computer that just does not process thoughts verbally, and that the connection to loudspeaker and microphone is different from other people's. And those who say that there is something verbal going on inside their heads will typically describe it as words without sound," Nedergård added. Also read: NASA's James Webb telescope spots two monster black holes that can challenge understanding of universe The absence of an inner voice, which Nedergård and colleague Gary Lupyan from the University of Wisconsin-Madison have called anendophasia, may have an impact on how individuals solve issues and recall information. These findings were published in the journal Psychological Science. Out of the 93 persons that participated in the study, 52 had poor inner speech. Participants were given four tasks to perform, including recalling words in order and assessing whether a collection of photographs contained words that rhymed. Given that it helps to mentally repeat phrases, the team's original hypothesis was that those who had anendophasia would have trouble remembering these lengthy lists of words. "And this hypothesis turned out to be true. The participants without an inner voice were significantly worse at remembering the words. The same applied to an assignment in which the participants had to determine whether a pair of pictures contained words that rhyme, e.g. pictures of a sock and a clock. Here, too, it is crucial to be able to repeat the words in order to compare their sounds and thus determine whether they rhyme," Nedergård said. This research prompts the question: does anendophasia affect the people who have it in some significant way? "The short answer is that we just don't know because we have only just begun to study it. But there is one field where we suspect that having an inner voice plays a role, and that is therapy; in the widely used cognitive behavioural therapy, for example, you need to identify and change adverse thought patterns, and having an inner voice may be very important in such a process," Nedergård said. "However, it is still uncertain whether differences in the experience of an inner voice are related to how people respond to different types of therapy," Nedergård added. (With inputs from agencies)

Silent inside? Study links lack of inner voice to cognitive challenges

After 3,400 years of his passing, an Egyptian monarch&nbsp;regarded as 'the wealthiest man in history' has had his face recreated by scientists.

According to a New York Post report, this is the first time Tutenkhamun's ancestor, Amenhotep III, has had his face restored. At the height of Egypt's supremacy in the 14th century BC, Amenhotep III ruled and was revered as a living god. He guided the nation through a time of immense wealth and global dominance. With more surviving statues than any previous pharaoh, Amenhotep III is regarded as one of the greatest.

How did scientists recreate Amenhotep III's face?

According to a New York Post report, this is the first time in 3,400 years that the face of Amenhotep III, the grandfather of Tutenkhamun, has been recreated.&nbsp;

Using information from his mummy's skull, an international team was able to reconstruct Amenhotep III's true features. Then, they estimated the size and location of his lips, ears, eyes, and nose using information from living donors.

"If we are not mistaken, this is the first facial approximation of Amenhotep III. It is our gift to all those who appreciate history," the Post quoted Brazilian graphics designer Cicero Moraes, who resurrected the famous Pharaoh's face.

"We were amazed with the final result; seeing a complete bust with these colours and the facial serenity is quite satisfying. Compared to other approximations of pharaohs that I have participated in, this was the most complete too, as we modelled the clothes and accessories," Moraes added.

Amenhotep believed that the sun and air deity Amun was his true father, thus the name Amenhotep. He engaged in large construction projects in Nubia and Egypt.

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Amenhotep III was described by the expert as an almost bald guy with dental issues who was fat, ill, and inactive. At five feet and 156 centimeters, he is among the shortest of all the monarchs.

"There are speculations that the mummy of Amenhotep III may have been entirely covered with gold leaf, so that he must have looked like a statue of a god," Michael Habicht, an archaeologist at Flinders University in Australia was quoted saying by the &nbsp;New York Post&nbsp;.

"He might well have been one of the richest men that ever lived, at least in his epoch," remarked Dr&nbsp;Habicht.

He passed away in 1352 BC at the age of 40 or 50.

(With inputs from agencies)

After 3,400 years of his passing, an Egyptian monarch regarded as 'the wealthiest man in history' has had his face recreated by scientists. According to a New York Post report, this is the first time Tutenkhamun's ancestor, Amenhotep III, has had his face restored.

After 3,400 years of his passing, an Egyptian monarch regarded as 'the wealthiest man in history' has had his face recreated by scientists. According to a New York Post report, this is the first time Tutenkhamun's ancestor, Amenhotep III, has had his face restored. At the height of Egypt's supremacy in the 14th century BC, Amenhotep III ruled and was revered as a living god. He guided the nation through a time of immense wealth and global dominance. With more surviving statues than any previous pharaoh, Amenhotep III is regarded as one of the greatest. How did scientists recreate Amenhotep III's face? According to a New York Post report, this is the first time in 3,400 years that the face of Amenhotep III, the grandfather of Tutenkhamun, has been recreated. Using information from his mummy's skull, an international team was able to reconstruct Amenhotep III's true features. Then, they estimated the size and location of his lips, ears, eyes, and nose using information from living donors. "If we are not mistaken, this is the first facial approximation of Amenhotep III. It is our gift to all those who appreciate history," the Post quoted Brazilian graphics designer Cicero Moraes, who resurrected the famous Pharaoh's face. "We were amazed with the final result; seeing a complete bust with these colours and the facial serenity is quite satisfying. Compared to other approximations of pharaohs that I have participated in, this was the most complete too, as we modelled the clothes and accessories," Moraes added. Amenhotep believed that the sun and air deity Amun was his true father, thus the name Amenhotep. He engaged in large construction projects in Nubia and Egypt. Also read: Cosmic glitch in Einstein's relativity theory could redefine our understanding of Universe Amenhotep III was described by the expert as an almost bald guy with dental issues who was fat, ill, and inactive. At five feet and 156 centimeters, he is among the shortest of all the monarchs. "There are speculations that the mummy of Amenhotep III may have been entirely covered with gold leaf, so that he must have looked like a statue of a god," Michael Habicht, an archaeologist at Flinders University in Australia was quoted saying by the New York Post . "He might well have been one of the richest men that ever lived, at least in his epoch," remarked Dr Habicht. He passed away in 1352 BC at the age of 40 or 50. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists regenerate face of ancient Egyptian monarch, 'the richest man in history'

Scientists have made an unbelievable finding in Yellowstone National Park: "giant" viruses that date back an astounding 1.5 billion years. The word "giant" describes their extraordinarily large genomes in comparison to viruses that are more common.

Scientists have made an unbelievable finding in Yellowstone National Park: "giant" viruses that date back an astounding 1.5 billion years. The word "giant" describes their extraordinarily large genomes in comparison to viruses that are more common. Despite their name, they pose no threat to people. Rather, these giant viruses offer important insights regarding a time when Earth's first single-cell creatures were beginning to appear. They aid in the understanding of the conditions and mechanisms that shaped the earliest stages of life. Also read | Jupiter's fifth moon spotted by NASA's Juno spacecraft; Here's why it's mysterious Through the examination of ancient viruses, scientists can enhance their comprehension of the evolutionary trajectory and environmental influences that molded the genesis of life on Earth. The hot springs of Yellowstone are like living fossils—relics from a time when the planet was far harsher. These ancient viruses have survived for generations despite the severe circumstances in these settings, which include blistering temperatures, high pressures, and deadly elements such as arsenic. Also read | Caught in action: Newly found fossil shows 155 million old brittle star mid-regeneration The Lemonade Creek hot spring in Yellowstone, which reaches temperatures of around 111 degrees Fahrenheit, was the source of DNA samples for analysis by the researchers. They discovered sequences of bacteria, algae, and archaea that supported an astounding 3,700 potential viruses, of which two-thirds were giant viruses. To survive amid the heat and toxicity of these hot springs, the bacteria and archaea have been borrowing genes from one another for billions of years. The evolution and diversification of the viruses, made possible by this mechanism of gene exchange, are vital to the long-term stability of the hot spring ecosystems. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists find ancient giant viruses in Yellowstone's hot springs

Since the first human heart transplants in 1967, patients have reported strange and inexplicable personality changes. Some claim that after surgery, they feel more like their donor and less like themselves.&nbsp;

For example, a transplant recipient in the 1990s told scientists in a paper published in 2000 that after receiving the heart of a young male musician, she had an unexpected love for music.

According to a recent University of Colorado (CU) study, such profound alterations in personality don't seem to be caused only by heart transplants.

Should these symptoms be closely associated with organ transplants, maybe this indicates that our entire body, not just one or two organs, contains our "sense of self."

The study published in Transplantology collected the data through a questionnaire.

No matter which organ they got, over 90% of transplant patients, 23 heart recipients, and 24 other recipients, experienced personality changes following surgery, according to an online survey.

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The majority of patients in the research reported going through four or more personality changes, with the majority of these changes being related to memories, temperament, emotions, eating habits, identity, or religious or spiritual views.

Medical researcher Brian Carter and his colleagues at CU come to the conclusion that "heart transplant recipients may not be unique in their experience of personality changes following transplantation," despite the fact that the study is too small to be statistically significant.

Rather, they contend that more study is necessary since "such changes may occur following the transplantation of any organ."

The CU study is among the first to measure the alterations in personality following a range of organ transplants.

Previous research has only tended to focus on heart transplants, as these are regarded to be the most severe and long-lasting.

Since the first human heart transplants in 1967, patients have reported strange and inexplicable personality changes. Some claim that after surgery, they feel more like their donor and less like themselves.

Since the first human heart transplants in 1967, patients have reported strange and inexplicable personality changes. Some claim that after surgery, they feel more like their donor and less like themselves. For example, a transplant recipient in the 1990s told scientists in a paper published in 2000 that after receiving the heart of a young male musician, she had an unexpected love for music. According to a recent University of Colorado (CU) study, such profound alterations in personality don't seem to be caused only by heart transplants. Should these symptoms be closely associated with organ transplants, maybe this indicates that our entire body, not just one or two organs, contains our "sense of self." The study published in Transplantology collected the data through a questionnaire. No matter which organ they got, over 90% of transplant patients, 23 heart recipients, and 24 other recipients, experienced personality changes following surgery, according to an online survey. Also read: Over 30% of Covaxin takers experienced nervous system disorders, menstrual abnormalities, suggests study The majority of patients in the research reported going through four or more personality changes, with the majority of these changes being related to memories, temperament, emotions, eating habits, identity, or religious or spiritual views. Medical researcher Brian Carter and his colleagues at CU come to the conclusion that "heart transplant recipients may not be unique in their experience of personality changes following transplantation," despite the fact that the study is too small to be statistically significant. Rather, they contend that more study is necessary since "such changes may occur following the transplantation of any organ." The CU study is among the first to measure the alterations in personality following a range of organ transplants. Previous research has only tended to focus on heart transplants, as these are regarded to be the most severe and long-lasting.

Organ transplants can lead to profound personality changes, suggests study

German scientists have discovered the fossil of&nbsp;a six-armed brittle star that was petrified while it was still partially renewing.

This very unique fossil was discovered in 2018 in a limestone deposit in southern Germany, which was originally a deep lagoon teeming with coral meadows and sponge beds. These days it is a fossil garden full of shark teeth and the skeletal remains of extinct pterosaurs, crustaceans, and crocodile-like animals from the late Jurassic period.

The fossil is the first and only example of Ophiactis hex, a new species of brittle star that scientists have identified.

Fissiparity, in which the star "splits" in two and each side regenerates its missing pieces, is the reproduction mechanism used by many contemporary brittle stars and certain starfish.

Because the two new stars are clones of the original, it is sometimes referred to as clonal fragmentation. The species that use this method tend to have six arms, instead of five, to make for an even split.

"While the biology and ecology of clonal fragmentation are comparatively well understood, virtually nothing is known about the evolution and geological history of that phenomenon," the paper published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences explains.

The Ophiactis hex fossil, which is 155 million years old and has been preserved to the point that you can see its hook-shaped arm spines, offers compelling evidence of the deep evolutionary roots of clonal fragmentation in star-shaped echinoderms.

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It was given that name in honour of the supercomputer that can conceive the unimaginable, in one of Terry Pratchett's Discworld&nbsp;novels. It appears that the six-armed brittle star discovered by this group of paleontologists is an undiscovered object, proving that fissiparity is an old asexual reproduction strategy connected to that symmetrical body design.

"While skeletons of ophiuroids with individual arms frozen in the process of regeneration are relatively common in the fossil record, cases of individuals with a regenerating body half are exceedingly rare," the study read.

"To the best of our knowledge, the specimen described in the present paper is only the second case known so far, and the first one for which regeneration seems indeed linked to six-fold symmetry and clonal fragmentation," it continued.

The researchers acknowledge that it is hard to determine the precise appearance of the species before its division and whether or not it was six-armed, given that only one specimen of Ophiactis hex has been discovered so far.

German scientists have discovered the fossil of a six-armed brittle star that was petrified while it was still partially renewing. This very unique fossil was discovered in 2018 in a limestone deposit in southern Germany, which was originally a deep lagoon teeming with coral meadows and sponge beds.

German scientists have discovered the fossil of a six-armed brittle star that was petrified while it was still partially renewing. This very unique fossil was discovered in 2018 in a limestone deposit in southern Germany, which was originally a deep lagoon teeming with coral meadows and sponge beds. These days it is a fossil garden full of shark teeth and the skeletal remains of extinct pterosaurs, crustaceans, and crocodile-like animals from the late Jurassic period. The fossil is the first and only example of Ophiactis hex, a new species of brittle star that scientists have identified. Fissiparity, in which the star "splits" in two and each side regenerates its missing pieces, is the reproduction mechanism used by many contemporary brittle stars and certain starfish. Because the two new stars are clones of the original, it is sometimes referred to as clonal fragmentation. The species that use this method tend to have six arms, instead of five, to make for an even split. "While the biology and ecology of clonal fragmentation are comparatively well understood, virtually nothing is known about the evolution and geological history of that phenomenon," the paper published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences explains. The Ophiactis hex fossil, which is 155 million years old and has been preserved to the point that you can see its hook-shaped arm spines, offers compelling evidence of the deep evolutionary roots of clonal fragmentation in star-shaped echinoderms. Also read: Practice makes a person almost perfect, science confirms It was given that name in honour of the supercomputer that can conceive the unimaginable, in one of Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels. It appears that the six-armed brittle star discovered by this group of paleontologists is an undiscovered object, proving that fissiparity is an old asexual reproduction strategy connected to that symmetrical body design. "While skeletons of ophiuroids with individual arms frozen in the process of regeneration are relatively common in the fossil record, cases of individuals with a regenerating body half are exceedingly rare," the study read. "To the best of our knowledge, the specimen described in the present paper is only the second case known so far, and the first one for which regeneration seems indeed linked to six-fold symmetry and clonal fragmentation," it continued. The researchers acknowledge that it is hard to determine the precise appearance of the species before its division and whether or not it was six-armed, given that only one specimen of Ophiactis hex has been discovered so far.

Caught in action: Newly found fossil shows 155 million old brittle star mid-regeneration

Furious sun unleashes massive solar flare, biggest flare hits Earth in 10 years

WASP-193b, located 1,200 light-years from Earth, is a real outlier among the more than 5,000 exoplanets found so far. This new planet has a density similar to cotton candy since it is 50% bigger than Jupiter but seven times less dense.

"WASP-193b is the second least dense planet discovered to date, after Kepler-51d, which is much smaller," said Khalid Barkaoui, the study's first author and postdoctoral researcher at ULiege's EXOTIC Laboratory. The study was published in Nature Astronomy.

Even under the implausible premise of a coreless structure, traditional models of irradiated gas giants cannot account for the planet's very low density. "Its extremely low density makes it a real anomaly among the more than five thousand exoplanets discovered to date," Barkaoui continues.

The first to identify the new planet was the Wide Angle Search for Planets (WASP), an international initiative that used two robotic observatories to examine hundreds of stars' brightness in the sky. A transiting planet was detected by periodic dips in the brightness from the star WASP-193.

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Subsequently, the group measured the planetary signal at several wavelengths and confirmed that the eclipsing object was really planetary using the Chilean observatories TRAPPIST-South and SPECULOOS-South. The planet's mass was determined using spectroscopic measurements made with the CORALIE and HARPS spectrographs in Chile.&nbsp;

With a mass and size of around 0.14 and 1.5 times that of Jupiter, respectively, the planet's density was found to be very low based on the cumulative measurements: 0.059 grams per cubic centimeter, or approximately the same as cotton candy.

According to co-author and MIT professor Julien de Wit, "the planet is so light that it's difficult to think of an analogous, solid-state material." "The planet is basically super fluffy."

Scientists believe that WASP-193b is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, and that its massively inflated atmosphere stretches tens of thousands of kilometers beyond the atmosphere of Jupiter. Nevertheless, how a planet may expand to such a degree is still outside the current understanding of planetary formation theories.

"We don't know where to put this planet in all the formation theories we have right now, because it's an outlier of all of them. We cannot explain how this planet was formed," added Francisco Pozuelos, astronomer at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia.

(With inputs from agencies)

WASP-193b, located 1,200 light-years from Earth, is a real outlier among the more than 5,000 exoplanets found so far. This new planet has a density similar to cotton candy since it is 50% bigger than Jupiter but seven times less dense.

WASP-193b, located 1,200 light-years from Earth, is a real outlier among the more than 5,000 exoplanets found so far. This new planet has a density similar to cotton candy since it is 50% bigger than Jupiter but seven times less dense. "WASP-193b is the second least dense planet discovered to date, after Kepler-51d, which is much smaller," said Khalid Barkaoui, the study's first author and postdoctoral researcher at ULiege's EXOTIC Laboratory. The study was published in Nature Astronomy. Even under the implausible premise of a coreless structure, traditional models of irradiated gas giants cannot account for the planet's very low density. "Its extremely low density makes it a real anomaly among the more than five thousand exoplanets discovered to date," Barkaoui continues. The first to identify the new planet was the Wide Angle Search for Planets (WASP), an international initiative that used two robotic observatories to examine hundreds of stars' brightness in the sky. A transiting planet was detected by periodic dips in the brightness from the star WASP-193. Also read: Face of Stone Age man thought to have drowned 4,000 years ago reconstructed Subsequently, the group measured the planetary signal at several wavelengths and confirmed that the eclipsing object was really planetary using the Chilean observatories TRAPPIST-South and SPECULOOS-South. The planet's mass was determined using spectroscopic measurements made with the CORALIE and HARPS spectrographs in Chile. With a mass and size of around 0.14 and 1.5 times that of Jupiter, respectively, the planet's density was found to be very low based on the cumulative measurements: 0.059 grams per cubic centimeter, or approximately the same as cotton candy. According to co-author and MIT professor Julien de Wit, "the planet is so light that it's difficult to think of an analogous, solid-state material." "The planet is basically super fluffy." Scientists believe that WASP-193b is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, and that its massively inflated atmosphere stretches tens of thousands of kilometers beyond the atmosphere of Jupiter. Nevertheless, how a planet may expand to such a degree is still outside the current understanding of planetary formation theories. "We don't know where to put this planet in all the formation theories we have right now, because it's an outlier of all of them. We cannot explain how this planet was formed," added Francisco Pozuelos, astronomer at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia. (With inputs from agencies)

The fluffy giant: New planet ‘WASP-193b’ defies expectations with cotton candy-like density

According to a new study, stressful life events like divorce or the loss of a loved one increase a person's chance of dementia in later life. But only if the traumatic experience occurred during youth or in middle age.

According to a new study, stressful life events like divorce or the loss of a loved one increase a person's chance of dementia in later life. But only if the traumatic experience occurred during youth or in middle age. The research, published in Annals of Neurology, comprised 1,290 adults who were at high risk of acquiring Alzheimer's disease. The researchers examined 18 stressful life events and determined when they occurred in people's lives. A subgroup of the group (393 people) had their spinal fluid samples taken to look for unusual proteins known as tau and amyloid that are linked to Alzheimer's disease. They also measured the amount of grey matter and searched for indicators of brain inflammation, which is assumed to be a factor in the illness. Although the researchers discovered that stressful life experiences between childhood and midlife were linked to aberrant amyloid and tau, two "biological markers" of Alzheimer's disease, they were not linked to losses in grey matter. The presence of Alzheimer's disease markers may imply that stress has a particularly significant influence on chemicals and reactions in the brain during childhood and middle age. Midlife is when Alzheimer's indicators begin to accumulate in the brain, which might explain why it is also a susceptible stage. Also read: Face of Stone Age man thought to have drowned 4,000 years ago reconstructed Total stressful life experiences were similarly linked to amyloid biomarkers, brain inflammation, and reduced grey matter, but only in people with a history of psychiatric problems. This might be because people with mental health concerns are more sensitive to the adverse effects of stress. It's also possible that people who have gone through certain stressful life situations are more prone to develop a psychiatric disorder. In either case, people who encounter both may face an elevated danger. Total stressful life experiences were not associated with Alzheimer's disease indicators in all individuals. These findings imply that some periods or settings amplify the effects of stressful life events on the development of Alzheimer's disease-related brain alterations, at least in individuals who are predisposed to the disease. There are certain limits to the results. The researchers depended on participants to recall what and when stressful situations occurred, often several years later. (With inputs from agencies)

Youth and midlife stress events linked to increased dementia risk in later life, study finds

A good night's sleep is commonly known as having a restorative effect, with the prevalent scientific explanation being that the brain washes off toxins during sleeping.

Though it has grown to be a widely accepted hypothesis in neuroscience, a new study raises the possibility that this could be wrong. The study discovered that fluid clearance and mobility in mice's brains were significantly decreased during sleep and anaesthesia.

“If you are sleep-deprived, countless things go wrong – you don’t remember things clearly, hand-eye coordination is poor. The idea that your brain is doing this basic housekeeping during sleep just seems to make sense,” Prof Nick Franks, a professor of biophysics and anaesthesia at Imperial College London and the study's co-lead said. However, they found only indirect evidence that the brain's waste-removal mechanism increases activity during sleep.

The newest study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, employed a fluorescent dye to investigate mice's brains. This made it possible for scientists to assess the dye's rate of clearance from the brain directly and to see how rapidly the dye migrated from fluid-filled cavities, called the ventricles, to other parts of the brain.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="http://wionews.com/science/scientists-find-ultimate-solution-for-all-sleep-disorders-gardening-720442" hreflang="en">Scientists find ultimate solution for all sleep disorders:&nbsp;Gardening</a>

The study found that dye clearance was lowered by roughly 30% in sleeping mice and 50% in animals under anaesthesia when compared to the mice who were awake.

“The field has been so focused on the clearance idea as one of the key reasons why we sleep, and we were of course very surprised to observe the opposite in our results. We found that the rate of clearance of dye from the brain was significantly reduced in animals that were asleep, or under anaesthetic,” said Franks.

The researchers expect that the findings will apply to humans because sleep is a basic requirement shared by all mammals. Prof Bill Wisden, interim head of the UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London and co-lead author, stated, "There are many theories as to why we sleep, and although we have shown that clearing toxins may not be a key reason, it cannot be disputed that sleep is important."

The findings are relevant to dementia research since there is growing evidence of a relationship between poor sleep and Alzheimer's risk. It's unclear if sleep deprivation is an early sign of Alzheimer's or if it causes the disease. There was a theory that the brain couldn't remove poisons efficiently if it didn't get enough sleep, but the most recent findings cast doubt on this theory.

“Disrupted sleep is a common symptom experienced by people living with dementia. However, we still do not know if this is a consequence or a driving factor in the disease progression. It may well be that having good sleep does help to reduce dementia risk for reasons other than clearing toxins,” Wisden said.

The study also showed&nbsp;that brain clearance is particularly efficient during the awake state. In general, being awake, active, and exercising may aid in the removal of toxins from the brain.

A good night's sleep is commonly known as having a restorative effect, with the prevalent scientific explanation being that the brain washes off toxins during sleeping.

A good night's sleep is commonly known as having a restorative effect, with the prevalent scientific explanation being that the brain washes off toxins during sleeping. Though it has grown to be a widely accepted hypothesis in neuroscience, a new study raises the possibility that this could be wrong. The study discovered that fluid clearance and mobility in mice's brains were significantly decreased during sleep and anaesthesia. “If you are sleep-deprived, countless things go wrong – you don’t remember things clearly, hand-eye coordination is poor. The idea that your brain is doing this basic housekeeping during sleep just seems to make sense,” Prof Nick Franks, a professor of biophysics and anaesthesia at Imperial College London and the study's co-lead said. However, they found only indirect evidence that the brain's waste-removal mechanism increases activity during sleep. The newest study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, employed a fluorescent dye to investigate mice's brains. This made it possible for scientists to assess the dye's rate of clearance from the brain directly and to see how rapidly the dye migrated from fluid-filled cavities, called the ventricles, to other parts of the brain. Also read: Scientists find ultimate solution for all sleep disorders: Gardening The study found that dye clearance was lowered by roughly 30% in sleeping mice and 50% in animals under anaesthesia when compared to the mice who were awake. “The field has been so focused on the clearance idea as one of the key reasons why we sleep, and we were of course very surprised to observe the opposite in our results. We found that the rate of clearance of dye from the brain was significantly reduced in animals that were asleep, or under anaesthetic,” said Franks. The researchers expect that the findings will apply to humans because sleep is a basic requirement shared by all mammals. Prof Bill Wisden, interim head of the UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London and co-lead author, stated, "There are many theories as to why we sleep, and although we have shown that clearing toxins may not be a key reason, it cannot be disputed that sleep is important." The findings are relevant to dementia research since there is growing evidence of a relationship between poor sleep and Alzheimer's risk. It's unclear if sleep deprivation is an early sign of Alzheimer's or if it causes the disease. There was a theory that the brain couldn't remove poisons efficiently if it didn't get enough sleep, but the most recent findings cast doubt on this theory. “Disrupted sleep is a common symptom experienced by people living with dementia. However, we still do not know if this is a consequence or a driving factor in the disease progression. It may well be that having good sleep does help to reduce dementia risk for reasons other than clearing toxins,” Wisden said. The study also showed that brain clearance is particularly efficient during the awake state. In general, being awake, active, and exercising may aid in the removal of toxins from the brain.

Rethinking the brain's cleanup crew: Sleep does not detox brain as previously thought. Here's what does

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