<p>Recent satellite measurements have revealed the thickness of the colossal iceberg A-23a, the largest in the world, standing at just over 280 metres.</p>

<p>With a massive area of 3,900 square kilometres&nbsp;and a weight of approximately a trillion tonnes, this iceberg, which broke off from the Antarctic coastline in 1986, has recently become mobile after being grounded in the Weddell Sea for over three decades.</p>

<p>The measurements of A-23a originate from the European Space Agency's CryoSat-2 mission, using a radar altimeter to detect the portion of the iceberg above the waterline.</p>

<p>This technology, according to Dr&nbsp;Anne Braakmann-Folgmann from the University of Tromso, enables the monitoring of iceberg thickness and the impact of warmer ocean waters on its structure.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/worlds-largest-iceberg-bigger-than-greater-london-is-leaving-antarctica-662357">Also read |&nbsp;World's largest iceberg, bigger than Greater London, is moving away from Antarctica</a></p>

<h2><strong>From grounded to drifting</strong></h2>

<p>After three decades affixed to the ocean floor, A-23a has entered a pivotal phase in its journey.</p>

<p>Breaking free from its stationary position, it is currently drifting toward warmer waters.</p>

<p>Researchers say that the forthcoming weeks will be critical in determining the iceberg's trajectory across the Southern Ocean.</p>

<p>CryoSat data indicates a specific section of A-23a with a deep keel, exhibiting a draft of almost 350 metres&nbsp;in 2018. Over the last decade, there has been a consistent annual decrease in thickness, aligning with the warmer water temperatures in the Weddell Sea.</p>

<p>Surface crevasses formed over the keel due to its intense collision with the sea floor, provides&nbsp;valuable insights into the iceberg's structural changes.</p>

<p>As A-23a reaches the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, it encounters converging water streams circulating clockwise around the continent.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;World's largest iceberg A23a could cause problems for fauna in South Georgia Island</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/worlds-largest-iceberg-a23a-could-cause-problems-for-fauna-in-south-georgia-island-662703/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>The interaction with these currents, coupled with prevailing westerly winds, will dictate the iceberg's trajectory. Anticipated to follow "iceberg alley," it is poised to head toward the British overseas territory of South Georgia.</p>

<p>The revelation of A-23a's thickness marks a significant step in understanding the dynamics of this colossal iceberg.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The scientific community closely observes the interactions with ocean currents and winds, anticipating its path and impact on the Southern Ocean's unique ecosystem.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Recent satellite measurements have revealed the thickness of the colossal iceberg A-23a, the largest in the world, standing at just over 280 metres. With a massive area of 3,900 square kilometres and a weight of approximately a trillion tonnes, this iceberg, which broke off from the Antarctic coastline in 1986, has recently become mobile after being grounded in the Weddell Sea for over three decades.

Recent satellite measurements have revealed the thickness of the colossal iceberg A-23a, the largest in the world, standing at just over 280 metres. With a massive area of 3,900 square kilometres and a weight of approximately a trillion tonnes, this iceberg, which broke off from the Antarctic coastline in 1986, has recently become mobile after being grounded in the Weddell Sea for over three decades. The measurements of A-23a originate from the European Space Agency's CryoSat-2 mission, using a radar altimeter to detect the portion of the iceberg above the waterline. This technology, according to Dr Anne Braakmann-Folgmann from the University of Tromso, enables the monitoring of iceberg thickness and the impact of warmer ocean waters on its structure. Also read | World's largest iceberg, bigger than Greater London, is moving away from Antarctica From grounded to drifting After three decades affixed to the ocean floor, A-23a has entered a pivotal phase in its journey. Breaking free from its stationary position, it is currently drifting toward warmer waters. Researchers say that the forthcoming weeks will be critical in determining the iceberg's trajectory across the Southern Ocean. CryoSat data indicates a specific section of A-23a with a deep keel, exhibiting a draft of almost 350 metres in 2018. Over the last decade, there has been a consistent annual decrease in thickness, aligning with the warmer water temperatures in the Weddell Sea. Surface crevasses formed over the keel due to its intense collision with the sea floor, provides valuable insights into the iceberg's structural changes. As A-23a reaches the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, it encounters converging water streams circulating clockwise around the continent. Also watch | World's largest iceberg A23a could cause problems for fauna in South Georgia Island The interaction with these currents, coupled with prevailing westerly winds, will dictate the iceberg's trajectory. Anticipated to follow "iceberg alley," it is poised to head toward the British overseas territory of South Georgia. The revelation of A-23a's thickness marks a significant step in understanding the dynamics of this colossal iceberg. The scientific community closely observes the interactions with ocean currents and winds, anticipating its path and impact on the Southern Ocean's unique ecosystem. (With inputs from agencies)

This is the thickness of world's biggest iceberg, and it is astounding

<p>Wildfires wreak havoc on forests and vegetation, but as per a new study, they can also release a toxic, cancer-causing chemical into the air we breathe.&nbsp;</p>

<p>New research released on Wednesday found that wildfires in the US may be transforming a benign form of chromium into a cancer-causing 'Erin Brockovich' chemical.</p>

<h2><strong>Hazards of wildfire smoke</strong></h2>

<p>Research published in British journal Nature Communications gives new insight into how wildfire smoke can harm firefighters and first responders, and why wildfire smoke is more hazardous than other forms of air pollution.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-lets-rewind-2023-to-medical-breakthroughs-that-gave-world-hope-668897">Explained | Let's 'Rewind 2023' to medical breakthroughs that gave the world hope</a></strong></p>

<p>In a statement, study lead Alandra Lopez, a postdoctoral scholar at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability said: "Our study suggests far more attention should be paid to wildfire-modified chromium, and we presume additional metals as well, to more thoroughly characterise the overall threats wildfires pose to human health."</p>

<p>Scientists identified a high level of hexavalent chromium or chromium 6. It is popularly known as the 'Erin Brockovich' chemical.</p>

<h2><strong>Wildfire smoke, an overlooked hazard</strong></h2>

<p>As per a report on the Stanford University website, wildfires are known to carry dangerous air pollutants including gases, organic aerosols, and fine particulate matter, which can trigger asthma attacks, heart attacks, and early death.</p>

<p>However, not much attention has been paid to the potential harm from metals found in soils. Across the western United States, Australia, Brazil, Europe, Indonesia, and South Africa, Chromium is one such common chemical.</p>

<p>Wildfires can turn the benign chromium into its carcinogenic counterpart, chromium-6.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Researchers caution that as climate change and global warming heat up the earth, triggering more and more wildfires, health risks posed by airborne chromium need to be better understood.</p>

<p>"In the complex mixture of gasses and particles that wildfires spew out as smoke and leave behind as dust, heavy metals such as chromium have largely been overlooked," said senior study author Scott Fendorf, the Terry Huffington Professor in the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability.</p>

<h2><strong>What is the 'Erin Brockovich' chemical?</strong></h2>

<p>The so-called 'Erin Brockovich' chemical was made popular by the 2000 film Erin Brockovich.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/your-anxiety-is-lying-to-you-saying-no-to-plans-isnt-all-that-bad-finds-study-668806">Your anxiety is lying to you! Saying 'no' to plans isn't all that bad, finds study</a></strong></p>

<p>In nature, chromium mostly occurs in a form known as trivalent chromium or chromium 3. This is an essential nutrient used by our bodies to break down glucose.</p>

<p>However, its counterpart, hexavalent chromium or chromium 6, is often a result of industrial processes. This is known as the 'Erin Brockovich' chemical and is known to increase cancer risk when inhaled or ingested via contaminated drinking water. In 2019, researchers at Australia’s Southern Cross University found that chromium 6 can form rapidly when surface soils containing chromium 3 are heated by wildfires.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Wildfires wreak havoc on forests and vegetation, but as per a new study, they can also release a toxic, cancer-causing chemical into the air we breathe. New research released on Wednesday found that wildfires in the US may be transforming a benign form of chromium into a cancer-causing 'Erin Brockovich' chemical.

Wildfires wreak havoc on forests and vegetation, but as per a new study, they can also release a toxic, cancer-causing chemical into the air we breathe. New research released on Wednesday found that wildfires in the US may be transforming a benign form of chromium into a cancer-causing 'Erin Brockovich' chemical. Hazards of wildfire smoke Research published in British journal Nature Communications gives new insight into how wildfire smoke can harm firefighters and first responders, and why wildfire smoke is more hazardous than other forms of air pollution. Also read | Explained | Let's 'Rewind 2023' to medical breakthroughs that gave the world hope In a statement, study lead Alandra Lopez, a postdoctoral scholar at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability said: "Our study suggests far more attention should be paid to wildfire-modified chromium, and we presume additional metals as well, to more thoroughly characterise the overall threats wildfires pose to human health." Scientists identified a high level of hexavalent chromium or chromium 6. It is popularly known as the 'Erin Brockovich' chemical. Wildfire smoke, an overlooked hazard As per a report on the Stanford University website, wildfires are known to carry dangerous air pollutants including gases, organic aerosols, and fine particulate matter, which can trigger asthma attacks, heart attacks, and early death. However, not much attention has been paid to the potential harm from metals found in soils. Across the western United States, Australia, Brazil, Europe, Indonesia, and South Africa, Chromium is one such common chemical. Wildfires can turn the benign chromium into its carcinogenic counterpart, chromium-6. Researchers caution that as climate change and global warming heat up the earth, triggering more and more wildfires, health risks posed by airborne chromium need to be better understood. "In the complex mixture of gasses and particles that wildfires spew out as smoke and leave behind as dust, heavy metals such as chromium have largely been overlooked," said senior study author Scott Fendorf, the Terry Huffington Professor in the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. What is the 'Erin Brockovich' chemical? The so-called 'Erin Brockovich' chemical was made popular by the 2000 film Erin Brockovich. Also read | Your anxiety is lying to you! Saying 'no' to plans isn't all that bad, finds study In nature, chromium mostly occurs in a form known as trivalent chromium or chromium 3. This is an essential nutrient used by our bodies to break down glucose. However, its counterpart, hexavalent chromium or chromium 6, is often a result of industrial processes. This is known as the 'Erin Brockovich' chemical and is known to increase cancer risk when inhaled or ingested via contaminated drinking water. In 2019, researchers at Australia’s Southern Cross University found that chromium 6 can form rapidly when surface soils containing chromium 3 are heated by wildfires. (With inputs from agencies)

Beware! Scientists have uncovered a previously unknown threat posed by wildfires

<p>Once upon a time, 72 million years ago, the Pacific seas were terrorised by a giant monster, called the "blue dragon".</p>

<p>As per research published in the Journal of Systematic Paleontology, researchers have named the monster Wakayama Soryu, which means Blue Dragon.</p>

<h2><strong>Mind-blowing discovery</strong></h2>

<p>The apex predator was a mosasaur, an extinct, large marine reptile from the Late Cretaceous period. It has been named after Japan's Wakayama Prefecture&nbsp;where its fossil was found.</p>

<p>University of Cincinnati Associate Professor Takuya Konishi, along with a team of international co-authors, described the amazing discovery in the Palaeontology journal.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-lets-rewind-2023-to-medical-breakthroughs-that-gave-world-hope-668897">Explained | Let's 'Rewind 2023' to medical breakthroughs that gave the world hope</a></strong></p>

<p>Explaining the name, Konishi&nbsp;in a statement on the University of Cincinnati website&nbsp;said: "In China, dragons make thunder and live in the sky. They became aquatic in Japanese mythology."</p>

<p>The nearly complete fossil of the mosasaur was discovered by co-author Akihiro Misaki back in 2006.&nbsp;</p>

<p>At the time, Misaki was looking for fossils of invertebrates called ammonites&nbsp;when he stumbled upon an intriguing dark fossil in the sandstone.</p>

<p>The Wakayama Soryu fossil specimen is the most complete skeleton of a mosasaur ever found in Japan or the northwestern Pacific, said Konishi.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"In this case, it was nearly the entire specimen, which was astounding," said Konishi.</p>

<h2><strong>Wakayama Soryu: What it looked like</strong></h2>

<p>The apex predator, which haunted prehistoric waters, had unique features which made simple classification difficult.&nbsp;</p>

<p>As per researchers, it had a crocodile-like head and enormous paddle-shaped flippers. Its rear flippers were bigger than the front ones. Researchers speculate that "the large front fins might have helped with rapid manoeuvring, while its large rear fins might have provided pitch to dive or surface."&nbsp;</p>

<p>They also presume that, like other mosasaurs, the blue dragon's tail would have generated powerful and fast acceleration as it hunted fish and was used for propulsion.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/ancient-fossil-shows-teenager-tyrannosaur-feasted-on-two-baby-dinos-before-dying-study-668463">As a teenager, the tyrannosaur only ate baby dinosaurs, and a fossil is proof</a></strong></p>

<p>"It’s a question just how all five of these hydrodynamic surfaces were used. Which were for steering? Which for propulsion?" said Konishi.</p>

<p>"It opens a whole can of worms that challenges our understanding of how mosasaurs swim," he remarked.</p>

<p>Konishi, who has been studying mosasaurs for 15 years, said that the apex predator had a nearly binocular vision which made it a lethal hunter. The monstrous creature also had a dorsal fin similar to the great white shark and was as big as the modern predator — more than five feet long.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Once upon a time, 72 million years ago, the Pacific seas were terrorised by a giant monster, called the "blue dragon". As per research published in the Journal of Systematic Paleontology, researchers have named the monster Wakayama Soryu, which means Blue Dragon.

Once upon a time, 72 million years ago, the Pacific seas were terrorised by a giant monster, called the "blue dragon". As per research published in the Journal of Systematic Paleontology, researchers have named the monster Wakayama Soryu, which means Blue Dragon. Mind-blowing discovery The apex predator was a mosasaur, an extinct, large marine reptile from the Late Cretaceous period. It has been named after Japan's Wakayama Prefecture where its fossil was found. University of Cincinnati Associate Professor Takuya Konishi, along with a team of international co-authors, described the amazing discovery in the Palaeontology journal. Also read | Explained | Let's 'Rewind 2023' to medical breakthroughs that gave the world hope Explaining the name, Konishi in a statement on the University of Cincinnati website said: "In China, dragons make thunder and live in the sky. They became aquatic in Japanese mythology." The nearly complete fossil of the mosasaur was discovered by co-author Akihiro Misaki back in 2006. At the time, Misaki was looking for fossils of invertebrates called ammonites when he stumbled upon an intriguing dark fossil in the sandstone. The Wakayama Soryu fossil specimen is the most complete skeleton of a mosasaur ever found in Japan or the northwestern Pacific, said Konishi. "In this case, it was nearly the entire specimen, which was astounding," said Konishi. Wakayama Soryu: What it looked like The apex predator, which haunted prehistoric waters, had unique features which made simple classification difficult. As per researchers, it had a crocodile-like head and enormous paddle-shaped flippers. Its rear flippers were bigger than the front ones. Researchers speculate that "the large front fins might have helped with rapid manoeuvring, while its large rear fins might have provided pitch to dive or surface." They also presume that, like other mosasaurs, the blue dragon's tail would have generated powerful and fast acceleration as it hunted fish and was used for propulsion. Also read | As a teenager, the tyrannosaur only ate baby dinosaurs, and a fossil is proof "It’s a question just how all five of these hydrodynamic surfaces were used. Which were for steering? Which for propulsion?" said Konishi. "It opens a whole can of worms that challenges our understanding of how mosasaurs swim," he remarked. Konishi, who has been studying mosasaurs for 15 years, said that the apex predator had a nearly binocular vision which made it a lethal hunter. The monstrous creature also had a dorsal fin similar to the great white shark and was as big as the modern predator — more than five feet long. (With inputs from agencies)

A giant blue dragon mosasaur roamed the Pacific waters 72 million years ago

<p>Meta Platforms used thousands of pirated books to train its AI models, alleges a new copyright lawsuit filed on Monday (Dec 11) night.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The tech giant reportedly did this despite warnings from their lawyers about the legal peril of doing so. The lawsuit as per Reuters was initially brought this summer.</p>

<h2><strong>Skipping permissions</strong></h2>

<p>Monday's filing consolidates two separate lawsuits brought against Facebook and Instagram by comedian Sarah Silverman, Pulitzer Prize winner Michael Chabon and other prominent authors. They allege that Meta has used their works to train its artificial intelligence language model, Llama, without permission.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/epic-games-epic-win-jury-finds-google-guilty-of-monopolistic-practices-in-antitrust-trial-668853">Epic Games' 'epic' win: Jury finds Google guilty of monopolistic practices in antitrust trial</a></strong></p>

<p>Previously, their claims also said that the AI model's output also violates their copyrights. However, in November, US District Judge Vince Chhabri criticised the claim that the text generated by Llama copies or resembles the author's work. Dismissing the claim, Chhabri allowed the authors to amend most of their claims.&nbsp;</p>

<p>As evidence, the authors have submitted Discord chat logs of a Meta-affiliated researcher, who can be seen discussing the procurement of the dataset. This, as per the news agency, can be a potentially significant piece of evidence that could prove that Meta knew that its use of the books may not be protected by US copyright law.</p>

<h2><strong>What is there in the chat logs?</strong></h2>

<p>In the chat logs, as quoted in the complaint, researcher Tim Dettmers, a doctoral student at the University of Washington, describes his back-and-forth with Meta's legal department. In it, he talks about whether the use of book files as training data would be "legally OK".</p>

<p>"At Facebook, there are a lot of people interested in working with (T)he (P)ile, including myself, but in its current form, we are unable to use it for legal reasons," Dettmers wrote in 2021.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Here, The Pile refers to an open-source language modelling data set Meta has acknowledged it was using to train its first version of Llama.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/eu-to-ban-use-of-ai-biometric-surveillance-by-police-without-judicial-authorisation-report-668888">EU to ban use of AI biometric surveillance by police without judicial authorisation: Report</a></strong></p>

<p>According to the complaint, a month before this, Dettmers wrote that Meta lawyers told him "the data cannot be used or models cannot be published if they are trained on that data."</p>

<p>Here, the researcher refrains from describing the specific concerns voiced by lawyers, however, his counterpart makes mention of "books with active copyrights," and says they are the biggest likely source of worry. They also say that training on the data should "fall under fair use."</p>

<p>As per the US Copyright Office, the fair use doctrine allows for the use of "limited portions of a work including quotes, for purposes such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, and scholarly reports".</p>

<h2><strong>Llama</strong></h2>

<p>Llama is Meta's large language model (LLM). The tech giant released its first version in February 2023. At the time, it published a list of datasets used to train the language model. The list included "the Books3 section of ThePile," which, as per the complaint quoting the person who assembled the dataset, contains 196,640 books.</p>

<p>A second version, dubbed Llama 2 was made available for commercial use this summer. It is free for use for companies with monthly active users of less than 700 million.</p>

<h2><strong>AI and copyrights</strong></h2>

<p>As Artificial Intelligence drives a craze, artists across art forms have come forward alleging unlawful use of their content. In 2023, big tech companies were met with a slew of lawsuits that accuse them of ripping-off copyright protected works. IF successful, these lawsuits would not only generate significant compensation for the content creators, but also drive up the cost of building the data dependent models, somewhat dampening the generative AI craze.</p>

<p><br />
&nbsp;</p>


Meta Platforms used thousands of pirated books to train its AI models, alleges a new copyright lawsuit filed on Monday (Dec 11) night. The tech giant reportedly did this despite warnings from their lawyers about the legal peril of doing so.

Meta Platforms used thousands of pirated books to train its AI models, alleges a new copyright lawsuit filed on Monday (Dec 11) night. The tech giant reportedly did this despite warnings from their lawyers about the legal peril of doing so. The lawsuit as per Reuters was initially brought this summer. Skipping permissions Monday's filing consolidates two separate lawsuits brought against Facebook and Instagram by comedian Sarah Silverman, Pulitzer Prize winner Michael Chabon and other prominent authors. They allege that Meta has used their works to train its artificial intelligence language model, Llama, without permission. Also read | Epic Games' 'epic' win: Jury finds Google guilty of monopolistic practices in antitrust trial Previously, their claims also said that the AI model's output also violates their copyrights. However, in November, US District Judge Vince Chhabri criticised the claim that the text generated by Llama copies or resembles the author's work. Dismissing the claim, Chhabri allowed the authors to amend most of their claims. As evidence, the authors have submitted Discord chat logs of a Meta-affiliated researcher, who can be seen discussing the procurement of the dataset. This, as per the news agency, can be a potentially significant piece of evidence that could prove that Meta knew that its use of the books may not be protected by US copyright law. What is there in the chat logs? In the chat logs, as quoted in the complaint, researcher Tim Dettmers, a doctoral student at the University of Washington, describes his back-and-forth with Meta's legal department. In it, he talks about whether the use of book files as training data would be "legally OK". "At Facebook, there are a lot of people interested in working with (T)he (P)ile, including myself, but in its current form, we are unable to use it for legal reasons," Dettmers wrote in 2021. Here, The Pile refers to an open-source language modelling data set Meta has acknowledged it was using to train its first version of Llama. Also read | EU to ban use of AI biometric surveillance by police without judicial authorisation: Report According to the complaint, a month before this, Dettmers wrote that Meta lawyers told him "the data cannot be used or models cannot be published if they are trained on that data." Here, the researcher refrains from describing the specific concerns voiced by lawyers, however, his counterpart makes mention of "books with active copyrights," and says they are the biggest likely source of worry. They also say that training on the data should "fall under fair use." As per the US Copyright Office, the fair use doctrine allows for the use of "limited portions of a work including quotes, for purposes such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, and scholarly reports". Llama Llama is Meta's large language model (LLM). The tech giant released its first version in February 2023. At the time, it published a list of datasets used to train the language model. The list included "the Books3 section of ThePile," which, as per the complaint quoting the person who assembled the dataset, contains 196,640 books. A second version, dubbed Llama 2 was made available for commercial use this summer. It is free for use for companies with monthly active users of less than 700 million. AI and copyrights As Artificial Intelligence drives a craze, artists across art forms have come forward alleging unlawful use of their content. In 2023, big tech companies were met with a slew of lawsuits that accuse them of ripping-off copyright protected works. IF successful, these lawsuits would not only generate significant compensation for the content creators, but also drive up the cost of building the data dependent models, somewhat dampening the generative AI craze.

Meta flouted copyrights to train its AI 'Llama' despite warning from lawyers, claims lawsuit by authors

<p>Ozempic, a widely-used medication for weight management and type 2 diabetes, may unintentionally mitigate alcohol cravings and symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD), according to a case series in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.</p>

<p>Dr Jesse Richards, the lead author, highlighted&nbsp;a significant reduction in AUD symptoms among people&nbsp;initially prescribed Ozempic for weight loss, suggesting additional therapeutic benefits, as reported by Everyday Health.</p>

<p>Participants, originally prescribed Ozempic for weight loss rather than AUD, reported decreased alcohol intake and frequency during treatment.</p>

<p>These findings align with anecdotal reports from clinicians and patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists, indicating a potential connection between Ozempic and diminished alcohol use.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/australian-woman-allegedly-dies-due-to-side-effects-of-weight-loss-medication-ozempic-656025">Also read |&nbsp;Australian woman allegedly dies due to side-effects of weight loss medication Ozempic</a></p>

<h2><strong>Case series highlights positive outcomes with Ozempic</strong></h2>

<p>Analysing medical records of six individuals using Ozempic for weight loss and AUD, researchers observed a substantial decrease in AUD symptoms, averaging 9.5 points on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).</p>

<p>Notably, participants were on lower-than-approved Ozempic doses, bringing to light its potential in addiction medicine.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;Fear of Ozempic drug shortage looms large in UK</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/fear-of-ozempic-drug-shortage-looms-large-in-uk-660360/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>Part of the GLP-1 analogue family, Ozempic, developed for diabetes, influences brain reward pathways. Studies, including those on animals, suggest GLP-1 analogues alter brain reward pathways, reducing cravings for substances like cocaine and diminishing alcohol consumption.</p>

<p>While these findings offer promising insights into Ozempic's unintended benefits, larger controlled studies are vital for validation.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Ozempic, a widely-used medication for weight management and type 2 diabetes, may unintentionally mitigate alcohol cravings and symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD), according to a case series in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.

Ozempic, a widely-used medication for weight management and type 2 diabetes, may unintentionally mitigate alcohol cravings and symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD), according to a case series in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Dr Jesse Richards, the lead author, highlighted a significant reduction in AUD symptoms among people initially prescribed Ozempic for weight loss, suggesting additional therapeutic benefits, as reported by Everyday Health. Participants, originally prescribed Ozempic for weight loss rather than AUD, reported decreased alcohol intake and frequency during treatment. These findings align with anecdotal reports from clinicians and patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists, indicating a potential connection between Ozempic and diminished alcohol use. Also read | Australian woman allegedly dies due to side-effects of weight loss medication Ozempic Case series highlights positive outcomes with Ozempic Analysing medical records of six individuals using Ozempic for weight loss and AUD, researchers observed a substantial decrease in AUD symptoms, averaging 9.5 points on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Notably, participants were on lower-than-approved Ozempic doses, bringing to light its potential in addiction medicine. Also watch | Fear of Ozempic drug shortage looms large in UK Part of the GLP-1 analogue family, Ozempic, developed for diabetes, influences brain reward pathways. Studies, including those on animals, suggest GLP-1 analogues alter brain reward pathways, reducing cravings for substances like cocaine and diminishing alcohol consumption. While these findings offer promising insights into Ozempic's unintended benefits, larger controlled studies are vital for validation. (With inputs from agencies)

Craving alcohol but want to resist? Weight loss drug Ozempic might be able to help

<p>The atmospheric drama of a red sprite is often accompanied by a green ghostly glow if you only look close enough to spot it.</p>

<p>Colloquially dubbed as "mesospheric ghosts," this phenomenon have been observed in last few years. But, till date, it had puzzled the scientific community. However, now, a study has an explanation that may tell us how these 'green ghosts' are formed.</p>

<h2><strong>Sprites and ghosts</strong></h2>

<p>As per Astronomy, high up in the atmosphere, near the edge of space, sometimes, before a thunderstorm evaporates away, a dazzling flash of red appears briefly. These are called sprites and have been properly observed in the last few years.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Since 2019, scientists discovered that one in 100 sprites, which fall under the umbrella of transient luminous events (TLEs) is accompanied by an elusive, mysterious 'green ghost'.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-giant-blue-dragon-monster-haunted-prehistoric-waters-of-the-pacific-ocean-72-million-years-ago-669185">This giant 'blue dragon' monster haunted prehistoric waters of the Pacific Ocean 72 million years ago</a></strong></p>

<p>Writing in Nature Communications, study author María Passas-Varo said: "TLEs are generated as a result of the intense electrical activity associated with lightning discharges."</p>

<p>These happen in the mesosphere, Earth's layer of atmosphere that extends from about 31 to 53 miles (50 to 85 kilometres) above ground and is located above the stratosphere.</p>

<p>Passas-Varo, a space scientist at the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia in Spain, explains that "the specific type of TLE that forms depends on factors such as the altitude, the type of lightning discharge, and the characteristics of the atmospheric layers involved."</p>

<h2><strong>What they found</strong></h2>

<p>The scientist and her team spent more than four years&nbsp;gathering data of around 2,000 sprites to determine which elements or atmosphere are responsible for the unique hue of these 'green ghosts'.</p>

<p>Using an instrument called the Granada Sprite Spectrograph and Polarimeter, or GRASSP, they examined the light from sprites.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"To record these rare phenomena, you have to aim the spectrograph … at the altitude where the ghost is likely to appear, which becomes a matter of luck combined with expertise," says Passas-Varo.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/watch-on-anniversary-of-orions-historic-return-to-earth-nasa-shared-its-fiery-reentry-video-669159">Watch | NASA video shows Orion re-entering Earth at 32 times the speed of sound</a></strong></p>

<p>"In almost four years of recording, from more than 2,000 spectra, we have just 42 spectra from the top of a sprite," she said, adding that out of those, only one, which occurred Sept 21, 2019, was a strong enough signal to study.</p>

<p>What they found was a surprise. As per Astronomy, the researchers found that metals like iron and nickel are located high up in the atmosphere, much higher than they expected to find them.</p>

<p>This study lays the groundwork for future atmospheric research by providing a rare, yet valuable glimpse into the mesosphere. There's "still a lot of work to do," says María Passas-Varo.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


The atmospheric drama of a red sprite is often accompanied by a green ghostly glow if you only look close enough to spot it. Colloquially dubbed as "mesospheric ghosts," this phenomenon have been observed in last few years.

The atmospheric drama of a red sprite is often accompanied by a green ghostly glow if you only look close enough to spot it. Colloquially dubbed as "mesospheric ghosts," this phenomenon have been observed in last few years. But, till date, it had puzzled the scientific community. However, now, a study has an explanation that may tell us how these 'green ghosts' are formed. Sprites and ghosts As per Astronomy, high up in the atmosphere, near the edge of space, sometimes, before a thunderstorm evaporates away, a dazzling flash of red appears briefly. These are called sprites and have been properly observed in the last few years. Since 2019, scientists discovered that one in 100 sprites, which fall under the umbrella of transient luminous events (TLEs) is accompanied by an elusive, mysterious 'green ghost'. Also read | This giant 'blue dragon' monster haunted prehistoric waters of the Pacific Ocean 72 million years ago Writing in Nature Communications, study author María Passas-Varo said: "TLEs are generated as a result of the intense electrical activity associated with lightning discharges." These happen in the mesosphere, Earth's layer of atmosphere that extends from about 31 to 53 miles (50 to 85 kilometres) above ground and is located above the stratosphere. Passas-Varo, a space scientist at the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia in Spain, explains that "the specific type of TLE that forms depends on factors such as the altitude, the type of lightning discharge, and the characteristics of the atmospheric layers involved." What they found The scientist and her team spent more than four years gathering data of around 2,000 sprites to determine which elements or atmosphere are responsible for the unique hue of these 'green ghosts'. Using an instrument called the Granada Sprite Spectrograph and Polarimeter, or GRASSP, they examined the light from sprites. "To record these rare phenomena, you have to aim the spectrograph … at the altitude where the ghost is likely to appear, which becomes a matter of luck combined with expertise," says Passas-Varo. Also read | Watch | NASA video shows Orion re-entering Earth at 32 times the speed of sound "In almost four years of recording, from more than 2,000 spectra, we have just 42 spectra from the top of a sprite," she said, adding that out of those, only one, which occurred Sept 21, 2019, was a strong enough signal to study. What they found was a surprise. As per Astronomy, the researchers found that metals like iron and nickel are located high up in the atmosphere, much higher than they expected to find them. This study lays the groundwork for future atmospheric research by providing a rare, yet valuable glimpse into the mesosphere. There's "still a lot of work to do," says María Passas-Varo. (With inputs from agencies)

How are atmospheric 'green ghosts' formed? We might finally have an answer

<p>2023 was a year of medical breakthroughs. As science progresses, scientists around the world are working hard to improve the quality of human life. This year, several notable, exciting medical advancements made headlines. From successful pig kidney transplant&nbsp;into humans to the world's first whole eye transplant, let's rewind to the year's most notable medical breakthroughs.</p>

<h2><strong>World's first whole eye transplant</strong></h2>

<p>In the United States, in November, surgeons performed the world's first transplant of an entire eye. The patient, a 46-year-old military veteran from Arkansas, had survived a work-related high-voltage electrical accident that destroyed the left side of his face, nose, mouth and left eye. In addition to the eye, a partial-face transplant was also done by the team from NYU Langone Health.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"The mere fact that we transplanted an eye is a huge step forward, something that for centuries has been thought about, but it's never been performed," the team lead Dr Eduardo Rodriguez, said at the time.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a data-ctorig="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/entertainment/bollywood/yearender-2023-actors-who-made-their-ott-debut-this-year-1701022719315" data-cturl="https://www.google.com/url?client=internal-element-cse&amp;cx=006054055338965708568:09spwrlibei&amp;q=https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/entertainment/bollywood/yearender-2023-actors-who-made-their-ott-debut-this-year-1701022719315&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj0-N-S3omDAxUyR2wGHchDDjYQFnoECAcQAg&amp;usg=AOvVaw3KT-rKPi5BeVr_3M1gLU7z" dir="ltr" href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/entertainment/bollywood/yearender-2023-actors-who-made-their-ott-debut-this-year-1701022719315" target="_blank">Yearender 2023: Actors Who Made Their OTT Debut This Year</a></strong></p>

<h2><strong>First no-rejection kidney transplant</strong></h2>

<p>In September, in the United Kingdom, an eight-year-old Indian-origin girl, Aditi Shankar, became the first child to have gone through a special type of kidney transplant. The transplant was a breakthrough, as it didn't require the little girl&nbsp;to take long-term drugs to stop the potential rejection of the newly transplanted&nbsp;organ.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The little girl's immune system was reprogrammed using stem cells from the donor, Aditi's mother Divya.</p>

<h2><strong>Genetically modified pig kidney survives one month in human body</strong></h2>

<p>In the United States, in August, surgeons transplanted a genetically modified pig kidney into a brain-dead patient. The organ worked for a record 32 days and could help bridge the significant organ donation gap.</p>

<h2><strong>A kill switch for cancer</strong></h2>

<p>Scientists from UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center in Sacramento in California discovered a "kill switch" that could be used to trigger the death of cancer cells. It is called the CAR T-cell therapy, and it involves genetically modifying T cells collected from a patient's blood.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a data-ctorig="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/sports/rewind-2023-top-5-sporting-moments-for-india-1701707420309" data-cturl="https://www.google.com/url?client=internal-element-cse&amp;cx=006054055338965708568:09spwrlibei&amp;q=https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/sports/rewind-2023-top-5-sporting-moments-for-india-1701707420309&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjs2aWK3omDAxWPbGwGHZ-6CKwQFnoECAcQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw2alTY_0bw9Qkoru4aDySRl" dir="ltr" href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/sports/rewind-2023-top-5-sporting-moments-for-india-1701707420309" target="_blank">Rewind 2023: Top 5 Sporting Moments For India</a></strong></p>

<p>The therapy showed promising results in leukaemia and other 'liquid' cancers, but showed "meagre" success against solid tumours, and breast, bowel, and lung cancers.</p>

<h2><strong>Blood test for detecting depression</strong></h2>

<p>A study by McGill University in Canada analysed blood samples from more than 60 teenagers to identify specific molecules which can be used as markers for depression. This can help in the early detection of teenagers at risk of psychological diseases like depression.</p>

<h2><strong>World's first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine</strong></h2>

<p>In May, the US Foods and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the world's first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine. The medicine that took 60 years to develop can safeguard patients 60 years of age and older from lower respiratory tract sickness brought on by RSV.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/yearender-2023-the-fabulous-year-that-taylor-swift-has-had-667924">Yearender 2023: The fabulous year that Taylor Swift has had</a></strong></p>

<h2><strong>New plant toxin-based antibiotic</strong></h2>

<p>As the world grapples with antibiotic resistance, a group of British, German and Polish scientists discovered a plant toxin that has a unique method of attacking bacteria. The potential new antibiotic has been named albicidin and works differently than existing antibiotic medicines.</p>

<h2><strong>3D printing to rid of invasive surgeries</strong></h2>

<p>In March, researchers from Australia announced that they had invented a snake-like soft robot that can print living cells from the inside of a patient's body. 3D bio-printing is already used for medical procedures. However, this can help eliminate the need for invasive surgeries.</p>

<h2><strong>World's first Alzheimer's treatment</strong></h2>

<p>In June, the US FDA approved Lecanemab (Leqembi), a drug that significantly helped combat the progression of Alzheimer's during clinical trials. It is the first drug that targets the underlying cause of Alzheimer's, slowing down the disease's progress.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/your-anxiety-is-lying-to-you-saying-no-to-plans-isnt-all-that-bad-finds-study-668806">Your anxiety is lying to you! Saying 'no' to plans isn't all that bad, finds study</a></strong></p>

<h2><strong>CRISPR gene editing for sickle cell disease</strong></h2>

<p>The world's first CRISPR-based gene therapy for sickle cell disease was given the green light in the UK (in November) and in the US (in December). The therapy called CASGEVY works by correcting faulty haemoglobin genes in a patient's bone marrow stem cells so that they can produce normal, functioning HB cells.</p>

<h2><strong>Artificial liver</strong></h2>

<p>In September, China made the headlines for reportedly developing a stem-cell-based 'artificial liver' that can work outside the human body. A boon for thousands suffering from liver failure, the bio-artificial liver can perform functions such as detoxification and protein synthesis typically carried out by the liver.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Tiny robot surgeon</strong></h2>

<p>The University of Leeds has developed a tiny robot that can travel deep into the lungs and detect early signs of cancer. It is only 2 millimetres in diameter and is transported into the smallest bronchial tubes using magnets. As per researchers, during testing on a cadaver, the magnetic tentacle robot travelled 37 per cent deeper than standard equipment, that too with significantly less tissue damage.</p>

<p>In 2024, the global community looks forward to many more significant medical advancements, many of which are expected to involve Artificial Intelligence (AI).&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


2023 was a year of medical breakthroughs. As science progresses, scientists around the world are working hard to improve the quality of human life. This year, several notable, exciting medical advancements made headlines.

2023 was a year of medical breakthroughs. As science progresses, scientists around the world are working hard to improve the quality of human life. This year, several notable, exciting medical advancements made headlines. From successful pig kidney transplant into humans to the world's first whole eye transplant, let's rewind to the year's most notable medical breakthroughs. World's first whole eye transplant In the United States, in November, surgeons performed the world's first transplant of an entire eye. The patient, a 46-year-old military veteran from Arkansas, had survived a work-related high-voltage electrical accident that destroyed the left side of his face, nose, mouth and left eye. In addition to the eye, a partial-face transplant was also done by the team from NYU Langone Health. "The mere fact that we transplanted an eye is a huge step forward, something that for centuries has been thought about, but it's never been performed," the team lead Dr Eduardo Rodriguez, said at the time. Also read | Yearender 2023: Actors Who Made Their OTT Debut This Year First no-rejection kidney transplant In September, in the United Kingdom, an eight-year-old Indian-origin girl, Aditi Shankar, became the first child to have gone through a special type of kidney transplant. The transplant was a breakthrough, as it didn't require the little girl to take long-term drugs to stop the potential rejection of the newly transplanted organ. The little girl's immune system was reprogrammed using stem cells from the donor, Aditi's mother Divya. Genetically modified pig kidney survives one month in human body In the United States, in August, surgeons transplanted a genetically modified pig kidney into a brain-dead patient. The organ worked for a record 32 days and could help bridge the significant organ donation gap. A kill switch for cancer Scientists from UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center in Sacramento in California discovered a "kill switch" that could be used to trigger the death of cancer cells. It is called the CAR T-cell therapy, and it involves genetically modifying T cells collected from a patient's blood. Also read | Rewind 2023: Top 5 Sporting Moments For India The therapy showed promising results in leukaemia and other 'liquid' cancers, but showed "meagre" success against solid tumours, and breast, bowel, and lung cancers. Blood test for detecting depression A study by McGill University in Canada analysed blood samples from more than 60 teenagers to identify specific molecules which can be used as markers for depression. This can help in the early detection of teenagers at risk of psychological diseases like depression. World's first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine In May, the US Foods and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the world's first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine. The medicine that took 60 years to develop can safeguard patients 60 years of age and older from lower respiratory tract sickness brought on by RSV. Also read | Yearender 2023: The fabulous year that Taylor Swift has had New plant toxin-based antibiotic As the world grapples with antibiotic resistance, a group of British, German and Polish scientists discovered a plant toxin that has a unique method of attacking bacteria. The potential new antibiotic has been named albicidin and works differently than existing antibiotic medicines. 3D printing to rid of invasive surgeries In March, researchers from Australia announced that they had invented a snake-like soft robot that can print living cells from the inside of a patient's body. 3D bio-printing is already used for medical procedures. However, this can help eliminate the need for invasive surgeries. World's first Alzheimer's treatment In June, the US FDA approved Lecanemab (Leqembi), a drug that significantly helped combat the progression of Alzheimer's during clinical trials. It is the first drug that targets the underlying cause of Alzheimer's, slowing down the disease's progress. Also read | Your anxiety is lying to you! Saying 'no' to plans isn't all that bad, finds study CRISPR gene editing for sickle cell disease The world's first CRISPR-based gene therapy for sickle cell disease was given the green light in the UK (in November) and in the US (in December). The therapy called CASGEVY works by correcting faulty haemoglobin genes in a patient's bone marrow stem cells so that they can produce normal, functioning HB cells. Artificial liver In September, China made the headlines for reportedly developing a stem-cell-based 'artificial liver' that can work outside the human body. A boon for thousands suffering from liver failure, the bio-artificial liver can perform functions such as detoxification and protein synthesis typically carried out by the liver. Tiny robot surgeon The University of Leeds has developed a tiny robot that can travel deep into the lungs and detect early signs of cancer. It is only 2 millimetres in diameter and is transported into the smallest bronchial tubes using magnets. As per researchers, during testing on a cadaver, the magnetic tentacle robot travelled 37 per cent deeper than standard equipment, that too with significantly less tissue damage. In 2024, the global community looks forward to many more significant medical advancements, many of which are expected to involve Artificial Intelligence (AI). (With inputs from agencies)

Explained | Let's 'Rewind 2023' to medical breakthroughs that gave the world hope

<p>Skipping that party you're dreading may not be as bad as your anxiety is making it out to be. As per research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Dec 11, people tend to overestimate the negative fallouts of declining social plans.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Saying 'No' can be hard</strong></h2>

<p>Researchers write that "saying no can be hard, leading invitees to accept invitations when they would rather not."</p>

<p>"Invitees have exaggerated concerns about how much the decline will anger the inviter, signal that the invitee does not care about the inviter, make the inviter unlikely to offer another invitation in the future, and so forth."</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/australian-teen-narrowly-escapes-death-after-bite-from-one-of-earths-most-toxic-animals-668776">Australian teen narrowly escapes death after bite from one of Earth's most toxic animals</a></strong></p>

<p>However, after conducting a series of experiments, they found that hosts aren't as bothered when people cancel or decline their invites.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>The data</strong></h2>

<p>More than three quarters of respondents, or about 77 per cent, confessed to accepting an invitation to an activity they weren't interested in attending. All because they were concerned about the consequences of declining. Many assumed that saying no will upset the person who invited them and damage their relationship.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Researchers conducted a series of five experiments with over 2,000 participants.</p>

<p>In one experiment, researchers asked participants to imagine up a scenario where some were the invitees declining the invitation to stay at home. They found that those told to imagine they had declined the invitation believed it would have negative ramifications.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/space-gas-stations-american-startup-aims-to-revolutionise-space-technology-668508">Space gas stations: American startup aims to revolutionise space technology</a></strong></p>

<p>Another experiment involved couples, where one person would make plans only to be declined by the other. The partners rejecting the plan were found to care more.</p>

<p>"While there have been times when I have felt a little upset with someone who declined an invitation, our research gives us quite a bit of good reason to predict people overestimate the negative ramifications for our relationships," said lead author Julian Givi, PhD.</p>

<h2><strong>Saying 'No' can be good</strong></h2>

<p>As per Givi,&nbsp;an assistant professor at West Virginia University, declining an invitation can have its benefits.</p>

<p>"Burnout is a real thing, especially around the holidays when we are often invited to too many events," he said, adding, "Don't be afraid to turn down invitations here and there."&nbsp;</p>

<p>"But, keep in mind that spending time with others is how relationships develop, so don't decline every invitation," he said as quoted by Phys.org.</p>

<p>However, the authors caution that this is true only for small plans, missing milestone occasions like weddings, baby showers etc&nbsp;may take a larger toll on relationships.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Skipping that party you're dreading may not be as bad as your anxiety is making it out to be. As per research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Dec 11, people tend to overestimate the negative fallouts of declining social plans.

Skipping that party you're dreading may not be as bad as your anxiety is making it out to be. As per research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Dec 11, people tend to overestimate the negative fallouts of declining social plans. Saying 'No' can be hard Researchers write that "saying no can be hard, leading invitees to accept invitations when they would rather not." "Invitees have exaggerated concerns about how much the decline will anger the inviter, signal that the invitee does not care about the inviter, make the inviter unlikely to offer another invitation in the future, and so forth." Also read | Australian teen narrowly escapes death after bite from one of Earth's most toxic animals However, after conducting a series of experiments, they found that hosts aren't as bothered when people cancel or decline their invites. The data More than three quarters of respondents, or about 77 per cent, confessed to accepting an invitation to an activity they weren't interested in attending. All because they were concerned about the consequences of declining. Many assumed that saying no will upset the person who invited them and damage their relationship. Researchers conducted a series of five experiments with over 2,000 participants. In one experiment, researchers asked participants to imagine up a scenario where some were the invitees declining the invitation to stay at home. They found that those told to imagine they had declined the invitation believed it would have negative ramifications. Also read | Space gas stations: American startup aims to revolutionise space technology Another experiment involved couples, where one person would make plans only to be declined by the other. The partners rejecting the plan were found to care more. "While there have been times when I have felt a little upset with someone who declined an invitation, our research gives us quite a bit of good reason to predict people overestimate the negative ramifications for our relationships," said lead author Julian Givi, PhD. Saying 'No' can be good As per Givi, an assistant professor at West Virginia University, declining an invitation can have its benefits. "Burnout is a real thing, especially around the holidays when we are often invited to too many events," he said, adding, "Don't be afraid to turn down invitations here and there." "But, keep in mind that spending time with others is how relationships develop, so don't decline every invitation," he said as quoted by Phys.org. However, the authors caution that this is true only for small plans, missing milestone occasions like weddings, baby showers etc may take a larger toll on relationships. (With inputs from agencies)

Your anxiety is lying to you! Saying 'no' to plans isn't all that bad, finds study

<p>For millennia, the Great Wall has stood as an enduring symbol of China's dynastic prowess, showcasing both ingenuity and authority.</p>

<p>The remarkable preservation of this colossal structure is no accident. Conservation and restoration efforts have tirelessly worked to ensure that future generations can marvel at this archaeological wonder.</p>

<p>A recent collaborative study by researchers from China, the US, and Spain delves into the contentious debate within the conservation community regarding the impact of biocrusts on historical monuments, according to Science Alert.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/philippines-summons-chinese-envoy-over-schina-sea-row-us-accuses-beijing-of-undermining-regional-stability-668414">Also read |&nbsp;Philippines summons Chinese envoy over S.China Sea row; US accuses Beijing of undermining regional stability</a></p>

<h2><strong>What are biocrusts?</strong></h2>

<p>Biocrusts, composed of lichen, bacteria, fungi, moss, and small plants, grow on mineral surfaces, potentially posing risks to the structural integrity of historical sites.</p>

<p>Debates arise over whether these living organisms contribute to weathering, jeopardising the monuments, or act as a protective shield, increasing the longevity of historical structures.</p>

<p>The research team conducted&nbsp;an extensive survey of approximately 600 kilometres&nbsp;of the Great Wall, focusing on segments in drier climates to understand the specific conditions under which biocrusts may impact archaeological sites.</p>

<p>Contrary to the perception of a single wall, the Great Wall is a complex series of fortifications, towers, and battlements built over centuries to define China's northern border.</p>

<p>Examining the construction materials, from clay-rich soil to sand and pebble layers, reveals the adaptability of the Great Wall to different environmental challenges, including those in arid regions like the Gobi Desert.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;US sanctions more Chinese officials and firms over alleged human rights abuse in China</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/us-sanctions-more-chinese-officials-and-firms-over-alleged-human-rights-abuse-in-china-668509/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>Many older sections of the wall, particularly those constructed with rammed earth, display signs of biocrusts. The study explores whether these living coatings contribute to the preservation or deterioration of the ancient structure.</p>

<p>While the presence of lichen and moss may alter the expected visual appeal of the Great Wall, the researchers grapple with finding a balance between protective vegetation and aesthetic considerations.</p>

<p>In the face of climate change threats, the study suggests that future generations may welcome a "patina of green" as a trade-off for preserving one of the world's biggest architectural treasures.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


For millennia, the Great Wall has stood as an enduring symbol of China's dynastic prowess, showcasing both ingenuity and authority. The remarkable preservation of this colossal structure is no accident.

For millennia, the Great Wall has stood as an enduring symbol of China's dynastic prowess, showcasing both ingenuity and authority. The remarkable preservation of this colossal structure is no accident. Conservation and restoration efforts have tirelessly worked to ensure that future generations can marvel at this archaeological wonder. A recent collaborative study by researchers from China, the US, and Spain delves into the contentious debate within the conservation community regarding the impact of biocrusts on historical monuments, according to Science Alert. Also read | Philippines summons Chinese envoy over S.China Sea row; US accuses Beijing of undermining regional stability What are biocrusts? Biocrusts, composed of lichen, bacteria, fungi, moss, and small plants, grow on mineral surfaces, potentially posing risks to the structural integrity of historical sites. Debates arise over whether these living organisms contribute to weathering, jeopardising the monuments, or act as a protective shield, increasing the longevity of historical structures. The research team conducted an extensive survey of approximately 600 kilometres of the Great Wall, focusing on segments in drier climates to understand the specific conditions under which biocrusts may impact archaeological sites. Contrary to the perception of a single wall, the Great Wall is a complex series of fortifications, towers, and battlements built over centuries to define China's northern border. Examining the construction materials, from clay-rich soil to sand and pebble layers, reveals the adaptability of the Great Wall to different environmental challenges, including those in arid regions like the Gobi Desert. Also watch | US sanctions more Chinese officials and firms over alleged human rights abuse in China Many older sections of the wall, particularly those constructed with rammed earth, display signs of biocrusts. The study explores whether these living coatings contribute to the preservation or deterioration of the ancient structure. While the presence of lichen and moss may alter the expected visual appeal of the Great Wall, the researchers grapple with finding a balance between protective vegetation and aesthetic considerations. In the face of climate change threats, the study suggests that future generations may welcome a "patina of green" as a trade-off for preserving one of the world's biggest architectural treasures. (With inputs from agencies)

These living things have quietly preserved the Great Wall of China for ages and we weren't even aware

<p>The Natural History Museum of London recently unveiled fossil collections revealing what is being hailed as the oldest disease-causing fungus.</p>

<p>The 407-million-year-old fungus is named Potteromyces asteroxylicola, after Beatrix Potter, the renowned author of Tales of Peter Rabbit and a fungi enthusiast.</p>

<p>The findings, outlined in the paper call it "A fungal plant pathogen discovered in the Devonian Rhynie Chert". Published in Nature Communications, the study sheds light on Potter's pioneering drawings and fungal growth studies, positioning her as a significant figure in mycology.</p>

<h2><strong>Fossil samples came from Rhynie Chert</strong></h2>

<p>Potteromyces was discovered in fossil samples from the Rhynie Chert, a crucial geological site in Scotland. The site is known for its well-preserved Early Devonian communities of plants and animals, including fungi and bacteria.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Collaborating with mycologists at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the study proposes a historical precedent for disease-causing fungi like those affecting the UK's ash trees.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;Zombie Fungus: Fungal pandemic can turn humans into zombies?</strong></p>

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<p>Dr Christine Strullu-Derrien, lead author and Scientific Associate at the Natural History Museum, says, "Although other fungal parasites have been found in this area before, this is the first case of one causing disease in a plant. What's more, Potteromyces can provide a valuable point from which to date the evolution of different fungus groups, such as Ascomycota, the largest fungal phylum."</p>

<p>"Naming this important species after Beatrix Potter seems a fitting tribute to her remarkable work and commitment to piecing together the secrets of fungi," Christine added.</p>

<h2><strong>First Potteromyces specimen was discovered in 2015</strong></h2>

<p>Christine found the first Potteromyces specimen in 2015. Its reproductive structures, known as conidiophores, had an unusual shape and formation unlike anything seen before.</p>

<p>&nbsp;The confirmation of this new species came when a second specimen, showcasing the fungus's distinct nature, was found in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland on another slide from the Rhynie Chert.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/wait-what-zombie-fungus-portrayed-in-show-last-of-us-could-become-a-reality-561499"><strong>Also read:&nbsp;Wait, what? Zombie fungus portrayed in show `Last of Us` could become a reality?</strong></a></p>

<p>"New technology available to us, such as confocal microscopy, has enabled us to unlock more secrets from fossils housed in museum collections, such as those within the Natural History Museum," said Christine.</p>

<p>"When I first started work on the Rhynie Chert, it was only meant to take two or three years. It's now been 12, and I still think there is a lot to discover from this fabulous site,"&nbsp;she further stated.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


The Natural History Museum of London recently unveiled fossil collections revealing what is being hailed as the oldest disease-causing fungus. The 407-million-year-old fungus is named Potteromyces asteroxylicola, after Beatrix Potter, the renowned author of Tales of Peter Rabbit and a fungi enthusiast.

The Natural History Museum of London recently unveiled fossil collections revealing what is being hailed as the oldest disease-causing fungus. The 407-million-year-old fungus is named Potteromyces asteroxylicola, after Beatrix Potter, the renowned author of Tales of Peter Rabbit and a fungi enthusiast. The findings, outlined in the paper call it "A fungal plant pathogen discovered in the Devonian Rhynie Chert". Published in Nature Communications, the study sheds light on Potter's pioneering drawings and fungal growth studies, positioning her as a significant figure in mycology. Fossil samples came from Rhynie Chert Potteromyces was discovered in fossil samples from the Rhynie Chert, a crucial geological site in Scotland. The site is known for its well-preserved Early Devonian communities of plants and animals, including fungi and bacteria. Collaborating with mycologists at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the study proposes a historical precedent for disease-causing fungi like those affecting the UK's ash trees. Watch: Zombie Fungus: Fungal pandemic can turn humans into zombies? × Dr Christine Strullu-Derrien, lead author and Scientific Associate at the Natural History Museum, says, "Although other fungal parasites have been found in this area before, this is the first case of one causing disease in a plant. What's more, Potteromyces can provide a valuable point from which to date the evolution of different fungus groups, such as Ascomycota, the largest fungal phylum." "Naming this important species after Beatrix Potter seems a fitting tribute to her remarkable work and commitment to piecing together the secrets of fungi," Christine added. First Potteromyces specimen was discovered in 2015 Christine found the first Potteromyces specimen in 2015. Its reproductive structures, known as conidiophores, had an unusual shape and formation unlike anything seen before. The confirmation of this new species came when a second specimen, showcasing the fungus's distinct nature, was found in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland on another slide from the Rhynie Chert. Also read: Wait, what? Zombie fungus portrayed in show `Last of Us` could become a reality? "New technology available to us, such as confocal microscopy, has enabled us to unlock more secrets from fossils housed in museum collections, such as those within the Natural History Museum," said Christine. "When I first started work on the Rhynie Chert, it was only meant to take two or three years. It's now been 12, and I still think there is a lot to discover from this fabulous site," she further stated. (With inputs from agencies)

World’s oldest disease-causing species found: It’s 407mn-year-old fungus

<p>A captivating celestial event is set to unfold next week as Betelgeuse, one of the night sky's brightest stars, temporarily fades from view.</p>

<p>This iconic supergiant star, renowned for its vivid red glow, will undergo an extraordinary "occultation," disappearing on Monday (Dec 11) due to a rare cosmic alignment, media reports said.&nbsp;</p>

<p>During this brief disappearance, lasting a mere 12 seconds, an asteroid named 319 Leona will traverse the star's path, obscuring it from the sight of observers on Earth.</p>

<p>This celestial occurrence provides a unique opportunity for stargazers to witness a rare event involving one of the most prominent stars in our night sky.</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/cosmic-burger-nasa-james-webb-telescope-clicks-hamburger-in-space-667301">'Cosmic burger': NASA's James Webb telescope clicks 'hamburger' in space</a></p>

<p>Betelgeuse, the 10th brightest star visible to the human eye, will reveal more about its surface as scientists plan to use the occultation to map its features.</p>

<p>The event is a rare instance of a large star like Betelgeuse being temporarily hidden by the passage of an asteroid.</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/ancient-egyptians-didnt-treat-the-baboons-right-and-we-have-proof-667225">Ancient Egypt's sacred baboons were not treated right, and we have proof</a></p>

<p>To catch this fleeting spectacle, observers can set their sights on the night sky at 8:17 pm ET (New York time) on December 11 or 1:17 am GMT (London time) on December 12.</p>

<p>While the event will be visible to the naked eye, using binoculars or a telescope will enhance the viewing experience. It's crucial to be in a location with clear skies and minimal light pollution for best visibility.</p>

<p><strong>Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/chinas-exports-grow-05-in-november-compared-to-last-year-667436">China's exports grow 0.5% in November compared to last year</a></strong></p>

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<h2><strong>From where can the celestial event be seen?</strong>&nbsp;</h2>

<p>The occultation will be limited to a narrow path across the globe, with prime viewing locations in southern Florida and eastern Mexico in the United States, as well as southern Europe and parts of Asia.</p>

<p>A stargazing app like Night Sky on iPhone can assist in locating Betelgeuse, recognisable by its distinctive red glow to the left of Orion's Belt or the Belt of Orion, also known as the Three Kings or Three Sisters. The Orion Belt consists of the three bright stars Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka.</p>

<p>As this cosmic spectacle is unveiled, enthusiasts are reminded to seize the moment in a dark, unobstructed space away from city lights to fully appreciate the temporary disappearance of the iconic Betelgeuse.</p>

<p>(With inputs from agencies)</p>

<p><br />
&nbsp;</p>


A captivating celestial event is set to unfold next week as Betelgeuse, one of the night sky's brightest stars, temporarily fades from view. This iconic supergiant star, renowned for its vivid red glow, will undergo an extraordinary "occultation," disappearing on Monday (Dec 11) due to a rare cosmic alignment, media reports said.

A captivating celestial event is set to unfold next week as Betelgeuse, one of the night sky's brightest stars, temporarily fades from view. This iconic supergiant star, renowned for its vivid red glow, will undergo an extraordinary "occultation," disappearing on Monday (Dec 11) due to a rare cosmic alignment, media reports said. During this brief disappearance, lasting a mere 12 seconds, an asteroid named 319 Leona will traverse the star's path, obscuring it from the sight of observers on Earth. This celestial occurrence provides a unique opportunity for stargazers to witness a rare event involving one of the most prominent stars in our night sky. Also Read | 'Cosmic burger': NASA's James Webb telescope clicks 'hamburger' in space Betelgeuse, the 10th brightest star visible to the human eye, will reveal more about its surface as scientists plan to use the occultation to map its features. The event is a rare instance of a large star like Betelgeuse being temporarily hidden by the passage of an asteroid. Also Read | Ancient Egypt's sacred baboons were not treated right, and we have proof To catch this fleeting spectacle, observers can set their sights on the night sky at 8:17 pm ET (New York time) on December 11 or 1:17 am GMT (London time) on December 12. While the event will be visible to the naked eye, using binoculars or a telescope will enhance the viewing experience. It's crucial to be in a location with clear skies and minimal light pollution for best visibility. Watch | China's exports grow 0.5% in November compared to last year × From where can the celestial event be seen? The occultation will be limited to a narrow path across the globe, with prime viewing locations in southern Florida and eastern Mexico in the United States, as well as southern Europe and parts of Asia. A stargazing app like Night Sky on iPhone can assist in locating Betelgeuse, recognisable by its distinctive red glow to the left of Orion's Belt or the Belt of Orion, also known as the Three Kings or Three Sisters. The Orion Belt consists of the three bright stars Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka. As this cosmic spectacle is unveiled, enthusiasts are reminded to seize the moment in a dark, unobstructed space away from city lights to fully appreciate the temporary disappearance of the iconic Betelgeuse. (With inputs from agencies)

Red supergiant star Betelgeuse will disappear soon, and an asteroid is to blame

<p>In a new study, it has been found that the carbon dioxide level currently in the atmosphere is the same as it was 14 million years ago, which reflects&nbsp;upon the deteriorating climatic conditions and the grim future ahead.<br />
<br />
The paper, which was published in the Science journal, covers the time period of 66 million years and analyses geochemical and biological signatures from the past era for reconstructing the historic CO2 record with detailed precision.<br />
<br />
"It really brings it home to us that what we are doing is very, very unusual in Earth's history," said lead author Baerbel Hoenisch of the Columbia Climate School's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, while speaking to news agency AFP.<br />
<br />
Along with other things, the new analysis discovered that the last time there was the presence of 420 parts per million (ppm) of carbon dioxide in the air was between 14-16 million years ago when ice was not present in Greenland and the ancestors of humans had started transitioning from forests to grasslands.</p>

<p><strong>Also read:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-as-debate-over-fossil-fuels-rages-on-at-cop28-climate-summit-global-co2-emissions-hit-new-record-666515">Explained | Global CO2 emissions due to fossil fuels hit new record. Will world leaders at COP28 act now?</a></p>

<p>This is even further back than the 3 to 5 million years which were studied in the prior analyses.<br />
<br />
Till the late 1700s, the atmospheric carbon dioxide was around 280 ppm, which meant humans had already led to increase of the greenhouse gas by about 50 per cent which traps heat in the atmosphere and the planet has been warmed by 1.2 degrees Celsius in comparison to before industrialisation.<br />
<br />
"What's important is that Homo, our species, has only evolved 3 million years ago. And so our civilisation is tuned to sea level as it is today, to having warm tropics and cool poles and temperate regions that have a lot of rainfall,” said Hoenisch.</p>

<h2><strong>Global CO2 emissions can reach between 600-800 ppm by 2100</strong></h2>

<p>It has been estimated that if global CO2 emissions continue rising, it can reach between 600 - 800 ppm by the year 2100.<br />
<br />
Such kinds of levels were seen during the Eocene, 30-40 million years ago, before ice had covered Antarctica and the world's flora and fauna appeared vastly different.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;Climate 'Tipping Point': World is at a pivotal point, govt should act now to save planet</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/climate-tipping-point-world-is-at-a-pivotal-point-govt-should-act-now-to-save-planet-666842/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>The latest study is the result of seven years of work by a team of 80 researchers across 16 countries and is now seen as the scientific community's updated consensus.<br />
<br />
No new data was collected by the team but the already published work was synthesised, re-evaluated and validated on the basis of updated science and they were categorised accordingly and the highest rated was combined into a new timeline.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


In a new study, it has been found that the carbon dioxide level currently in the atmosphere is the same as it was 14 million years ago, which reflects upon the deteriorating climatic conditions and the grim future ahead.

In a new study, it has been found that the carbon dioxide level currently in the atmosphere is the same as it was 14 million years ago, which reflects upon the deteriorating climatic conditions and the grim future ahead. The paper, which was published in the Science journal, covers the time period of 66 million years and analyses geochemical and biological signatures from the past era for reconstructing the historic CO2 record with detailed precision. "It really brings it home to us that what we are doing is very, very unusual in Earth's history," said lead author Baerbel Hoenisch of the Columbia Climate School's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, while speaking to news agency AFP. Along with other things, the new analysis discovered that the last time there was the presence of 420 parts per million (ppm) of carbon dioxide in the air was between 14-16 million years ago when ice was not present in Greenland and the ancestors of humans had started transitioning from forests to grasslands. Also read: Explained | Global CO2 emissions due to fossil fuels hit new record. Will world leaders at COP28 act now? This is even further back than the 3 to 5 million years which were studied in the prior analyses. Till the late 1700s, the atmospheric carbon dioxide was around 280 ppm, which meant humans had already led to increase of the greenhouse gas by about 50 per cent which traps heat in the atmosphere and the planet has been warmed by 1.2 degrees Celsius in comparison to before industrialisation. "What's important is that Homo, our species, has only evolved 3 million years ago. And so our civilisation is tuned to sea level as it is today, to having warm tropics and cool poles and temperate regions that have a lot of rainfall,” said Hoenisch. Global CO2 emissions can reach between 600-800 ppm by 2100 It has been estimated that if global CO2 emissions continue rising, it can reach between 600 - 800 ppm by the year 2100. Such kinds of levels were seen during the Eocene, 30-40 million years ago, before ice had covered Antarctica and the world's flora and fauna appeared vastly different. Watch: Climate 'Tipping Point': World is at a pivotal point, govt should act now to save planet The latest study is the result of seven years of work by a team of 80 researchers across 16 countries and is now seen as the scientific community's updated consensus. No new data was collected by the team but the already published work was synthesised, re-evaluated and validated on the basis of updated science and they were categorised accordingly and the highest rated was combined into a new timeline. (With inputs from agencies)

An ominous sign! CO2 levels are now same as they were 14 million years ago

<p>Can mislabelling things ever be good? Evidently yes. In Colombia, a mislabelled fossil has fascinated scientists. Two ancient plant fossils collected by a Colombian priest around half a century ago turned out to be rare hatchling turtles from when mighty dinosaurs roamed the Earth.</p>

<h2><strong>Extinct plant fossils</strong></h2>

<p>Between the 1950s and the 1970s, Colombian priest Padre Gustavo Huertas collected the leaf-shaped fossils near the town of Villa de Leyva. Later, he identified them as fossils of an extinct plant.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/ancient-egyptians-didnt-treat-the-baboons-right-and-we-have-proof-667225">Ancient Egypt's sacred baboons were not treated right, and we have proof</a></strong></p>

<p>He described them as Sphenophyllum colombianum, a group of plants that flourished during the Late Devonian—419.2 million to 358.9 million years ago and the Permian — 298.9 million to 251.9 million years ago.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, a new study published on Dec 7 in the journal Palaeontologia Electronica, has now revealed that they are actually tiny turtle shells.</p>

<h2><strong>Tiny turtles from the time of dinosaurs</strong></h2>

<p>These fossils belong to the Cretaceous period — around 145 million to 66 million years ago. They measure just two inches (five centimetres) wide and 2.4 inches (6.1 centimetres) long.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-pregnant-megamouth-shark-spotted-on-philippines-beach-sparks-major-marine-discovery-666838">In a first, pregnant megamouth shark spotted on Philippines beach</a></strong></p>

<p>What's even more fascinating is that they are officially the first hatchling marine turtles on record in Northern South America from that age.</p>

<p>In a statement released by the Field Museum in Chicago, the study's lead author, Héctor Palma-Castro, a palaeobotany student at the National University of Colombia, said the find was "truly surprising".</p>

<h2><strong>How did they realise that the fossils have been mislabelled?</strong></h2>

<p>The fossils, their unusual age and the location where they were found sparked curiosity in the minds of Palma-Castro and his supervisor, co-author Fabiany Herrera.</p>

<p>"As soon as we photographed them, we thought, 'this is weird,'" said Hererra, the assistant curator of fossil plants at the Field Museum.</p>

<p>They deduced that the shape and margins of the supposed leaves did not resemble a plant, and the lines in it looked like bones.</p>

<p>With the help of another co-author Edwin-Alberto Cadena, a palaeontologist at the University of Rosario in Bogotá, they finally realised that the fossils came from the upper shells of marine turtles. They estimate that the turtles were one year or younger when they died.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"We resolved a small palaeobotanical mystery, but more importantly, this study shows the need to re-study historical collections in Colombia," said Herrera.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Can mislabelling things ever be good? Evidently yes. In Colombia, a mislabelled fossil has fascinated scientists. Two ancient plant fossils collected by a Colombian priest around half a century ago turned out to be rare hatchling turtles from when mighty dinosaurs roamed the Earth.

Can mislabelling things ever be good? Evidently yes. In Colombia, a mislabelled fossil has fascinated scientists. Two ancient plant fossils collected by a Colombian priest around half a century ago turned out to be rare hatchling turtles from when mighty dinosaurs roamed the Earth. Extinct plant fossils Between the 1950s and the 1970s, Colombian priest Padre Gustavo Huertas collected the leaf-shaped fossils near the town of Villa de Leyva. Later, he identified them as fossils of an extinct plant. Also read | Ancient Egypt's sacred baboons were not treated right, and we have proof He described them as Sphenophyllum colombianum, a group of plants that flourished during the Late Devonian—419.2 million to 358.9 million years ago and the Permian — 298.9 million to 251.9 million years ago. However, a new study published on Dec 7 in the journal Palaeontologia Electronica, has now revealed that they are actually tiny turtle shells. Tiny turtles from the time of dinosaurs These fossils belong to the Cretaceous period — around 145 million to 66 million years ago. They measure just two inches (five centimetres) wide and 2.4 inches (6.1 centimetres) long. Also read | In a first, pregnant megamouth shark spotted on Philippines beach What's even more fascinating is that they are officially the first hatchling marine turtles on record in Northern South America from that age. In a statement released by the Field Museum in Chicago, the study's lead author, Héctor Palma-Castro, a palaeobotany student at the National University of Colombia, said the find was "truly surprising". How did they realise that the fossils have been mislabelled? The fossils, their unusual age and the location where they were found sparked curiosity in the minds of Palma-Castro and his supervisor, co-author Fabiany Herrera. "As soon as we photographed them, we thought, 'this is weird,'" said Hererra, the assistant curator of fossil plants at the Field Museum. They deduced that the shape and margins of the supposed leaves did not resemble a plant, and the lines in it looked like bones. With the help of another co-author Edwin-Alberto Cadena, a palaeontologist at the University of Rosario in Bogotá, they finally realised that the fossils came from the upper shells of marine turtles. They estimate that the turtles were one year or younger when they died. "We resolved a small palaeobotanical mystery, but more importantly, this study shows the need to re-study historical collections in Colombia," said Herrera. (With inputs from agencies)

Mislabelled fossil reveals 'truly surprising' secrets from the time of dinosaurs

<p>Pornography is freely available on the internet, and is often accessed by children. To protect the young ones from accessing inappropriate porn content online, Britain has now proposed a new age-check guidance that may use artificial intelligence.</p>

<h2><strong>How will AI do that?</strong></h2>

<p>As per a Reuters report, Artificial Intelligence will evaluate if a viewer looks of age. It would do so by analysing the viewer's feature. This, as per the report, would likely require the user to click and upload a selfie.</p>

<p>This comes as Britain on Tuesday (Dec 5th) recommended a new age-check guidance to protect children from accessing pornography online. The nation recently passed the Online Safety Act that requires websites and applications that display and/or publish pornographic material to ensure that children under the age of 18 years do not stumble across pornography on their service.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/350-year-old-steamy-explicit-sketch-expected-to-sell-for-half-million-dollars-see-it-here-667104">350-year-old steamy, 'explicit' sketch expected to sell for half million dollars. See it here!</a></strong></p>

<p>"Regardless of their approach, we expect all services to offer robust protection to children from stumbling across pornography, and also to take care that privacy rights and freedoms for adults to access legal content are safeguarded," said media regulator Ofcom CEO Melanie Dawes, as reported by the news agency.</p>

<p>Among its guidance are other proposals like photo identification matching, making it mandatory for users to upload a photo ID such as passport or driving licence to prove their age, and even credit card checks. Further suggestions include open banking — where to confirm that they are over 18, users can authorise their bank to share information with online porn sites.</p>

<p>The regulator, as per Reuters, spoke against weak verification methods like self-declaration of age, online payment methods that do not have any age restrictions, and disclaimers or warnings. It said that these would no longer meet the standards in its new guidance, which is expected to be published in early 2025.</p>

<h2><strong>Britain and pornography</strong></h2>

<p>In Britain, the legal age to watch porn is 18 years or more. However, as per a 2021-2022 study by the Office of the Children's Commissioner for England, on average, children first access pornographic content online at the young age of 13. Nearly a quarter of children actually stumble across porn at an even younger age — around 11 years. Shockingly, one in 10 people reported seeing their first porn content at the tender young age of nine years.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a data-ctorig="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/world/europe/how-young-is-too-young-to-watch-porn--1675153977278" data-cturl="https://www.google.com/url?client=internal-element-cse&amp;cx=006054055338965708568:09spwrlibei&amp;q=https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/world/europe/how-young-is-too-young-to-watch-porn--1675153977278&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjz3J72-fyCAxUpa_UHHUaVBMYQFnoECAgQAg&amp;usg=AOvVaw3WRUx5covEa5QUObvR6J9_" dir="ltr" href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/world/europe/how-young-is-too-young-to-watch-porn--1675153977278" target="_blank">How young is too young to watch&nbsp;porn?</a></strong></p>

<p>In spite of that, not everyone is in favour of mandatory age verification. The Institute of Economic Affairs, a free-market think tank, contends that it threatens user privacy and that by increasing the amount of sensitive data held by third parties, this could potentially expose users to breaches and abuse.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Pornography is freely available on the internet, and is often accessed by children. To protect the young ones from accessing inappropriate porn content online, Britain has now proposed a new age-check guidance that may use artificial intelligence.

Pornography is freely available on the internet, and is often accessed by children. To protect the young ones from accessing inappropriate porn content online, Britain has now proposed a new age-check guidance that may use artificial intelligence. How will AI do that? As per a Reuters report, Artificial Intelligence will evaluate if a viewer looks of age. It would do so by analysing the viewer's feature. This, as per the report, would likely require the user to click and upload a selfie. This comes as Britain on Tuesday (Dec 5th) recommended a new age-check guidance to protect children from accessing pornography online. The nation recently passed the Online Safety Act that requires websites and applications that display and/or publish pornographic material to ensure that children under the age of 18 years do not stumble across pornography on their service. Also read | 350-year-old steamy, 'explicit' sketch expected to sell for half million dollars. See it here! "Regardless of their approach, we expect all services to offer robust protection to children from stumbling across pornography, and also to take care that privacy rights and freedoms for adults to access legal content are safeguarded," said media regulator Ofcom CEO Melanie Dawes, as reported by the news agency. Among its guidance are other proposals like photo identification matching, making it mandatory for users to upload a photo ID such as passport or driving licence to prove their age, and even credit card checks. Further suggestions include open banking — where to confirm that they are over 18, users can authorise their bank to share information with online porn sites. The regulator, as per Reuters, spoke against weak verification methods like self-declaration of age, online payment methods that do not have any age restrictions, and disclaimers or warnings. It said that these would no longer meet the standards in its new guidance, which is expected to be published in early 2025. Britain and pornography In Britain, the legal age to watch porn is 18 years or more. However, as per a 2021-2022 study by the Office of the Children's Commissioner for England, on average, children first access pornographic content online at the young age of 13. Nearly a quarter of children actually stumble across porn at an even younger age — around 11 years. Shockingly, one in 10 people reported seeing their first porn content at the tender young age of nine years. Also read | How young is too young to watch porn? In spite of that, not everyone is in favour of mandatory age verification. The Institute of Economic Affairs, a free-market think tank, contends that it threatens user privacy and that by increasing the amount of sensitive data held by third parties, this could potentially expose users to breaches and abuse. (With inputs from agencies)

AI to determine if the person watching porn is too young. Here's how

<p>In the United Kingdom, a young girl named Olivia Farnsworth gained the moniker "bionic" after a harrowing accident in 2016 when, at the tender age of seven, she was hit and dragged by a car. What followed left onlookers stunned.</p>

<p>Olivia suffers from a one-of-a-kind genetic condition, identified as chromosome 6 deletion, making her possibly the only person globally with these symptoms. This extremely rare condition renders her incapable of feeling pain, hunger, or fatigue, as highlighted in a report by Huffington Post.</p>

<h2><strong>The fearless ‘bionic’ girl</strong></h2>

<p>During the accident, Olivia's mother, Niki Trepak, observed that Olivia displayed an extraordinary lack of fear, leading to her being dubbed the 'bionic girl'.&nbsp;Despite being dragged about ten car lengths down the road, Olivia nonchalantly got up and walked away, leaving doctors and witnesses astounded.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-prince-harry-challenges-uk-government%E2%80%99s-decision-to-strip-him-of-security-detail-when-he-moved-to-us-666369">Also read |&nbsp;Prince Harry challenges UK government’s decision to strip him of security detail when he moved to US</a></p>

<p>Doctors, deeming her 'bionic',&nbsp;were perplexed by Olivia's resilience. Despite the severity of the impact, she sustained minimal injuries—a tyre mark on her chest and skin abrasions on her toe and hip. Her ability not to tense up during the incident is believed to have played a pivotal role in her miraculous escape from severe harm.</p>

<p>Olivia's unique condition began manifesting symptoms when she was just a few months old. From a lack of hair growth to severe colic, her mother recalls the challenges they faced. Notably, Olivia exhibited a lack of sleep, surviving on a mere two hours a night, a pattern that continued into her childhood.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;Indigenous women bring tribe back from brink of extinction</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/indigenous-women-bring-tribe-back-from-brink-of-extinction-666504/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>Another facet of Olivia's condition is her indifference to food. Rejecting her mother's milk at just a few months old, she rarely experiences hunger and exhibits peculiar eating habits. Her mother notes that Olivia eats at school due to societal norms, but she doesn't inherently feel the need for sustenance.</p>

<p>Olivia's condition, chromosome 6p deletion, is a complex chromosome abnormality associated with behavioural issues, intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and distinctive facial traits, as detailed by the National Organization for Rare Disorders.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


In the United Kingdom, a young girl named Olivia Farnsworth gained the moniker "bionic" after a harrowing accident in 2016 when, at the tender age of seven, she was hit and dragged by a car.

In the United Kingdom, a young girl named Olivia Farnsworth gained the moniker "bionic" after a harrowing accident in 2016 when, at the tender age of seven, she was hit and dragged by a car. What followed left onlookers stunned. Olivia suffers from a one-of-a-kind genetic condition, identified as chromosome 6 deletion, making her possibly the only person globally with these symptoms. This extremely rare condition renders her incapable of feeling pain, hunger, or fatigue, as highlighted in a report by Huffington Post. The fearless ‘bionic’ girl During the accident, Olivia's mother, Niki Trepak, observed that Olivia displayed an extraordinary lack of fear, leading to her being dubbed the 'bionic girl'. Despite being dragged about ten car lengths down the road, Olivia nonchalantly got up and walked away, leaving doctors and witnesses astounded. Also read | Prince Harry challenges UK government’s decision to strip him of security detail when he moved to US Doctors, deeming her 'bionic', were perplexed by Olivia's resilience. Despite the severity of the impact, she sustained minimal injuries—a tyre mark on her chest and skin abrasions on her toe and hip. Her ability not to tense up during the incident is believed to have played a pivotal role in her miraculous escape from severe harm. Olivia's unique condition began manifesting symptoms when she was just a few months old. From a lack of hair growth to severe colic, her mother recalls the challenges they faced. Notably, Olivia exhibited a lack of sleep, surviving on a mere two hours a night, a pattern that continued into her childhood. Also watch | Indigenous women bring tribe back from brink of extinction Another facet of Olivia's condition is her indifference to food. Rejecting her mother's milk at just a few months old, she rarely experiences hunger and exhibits peculiar eating habits. Her mother notes that Olivia eats at school due to societal norms, but she doesn't inherently feel the need for sustenance. Olivia's condition, chromosome 6p deletion, is a complex chromosome abnormality associated with behavioural issues, intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and distinctive facial traits, as detailed by the National Organization for Rare Disorders. (With inputs from agencies)

This UK teen is defying nature, as she feels no pain, hunger, or fatigue due to rare disorder

<p>Canada is facing a problem that is increasingly getting more and more drastic: homelessness.</p>

<p>Now, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has predicted that by the end of this decade, the problem is going to almost triple in terms of numbers.</p>

<h2><strong>Homelessness and Canada</strong></h2>

<p>In Canada, currently, as per estimates by the Homeless Hub, a research organisation run by York University, there are somewhere between 150,000 to 300,000 people experiencing homelessness.</p>

<p>As per a prediction by an Artificial Intelligence algorithm, by 2030, the number of homeless in Canada will grow to about 550,000 to 570,000.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/uk-discloses-immigration-reforms-stricter-visas-aim-to-curb-soaring-migration-666389">UK discloses immigration reforms: Stricter visas aim to curb soaring migration</a></strong></p>

<p>The prediction has been made by HelpSeeker, a Calgary-based technology company's predictive AI.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Speaking at a press conference on Monday (Dec 4th), Alina Turner, CEO of HelpSeeker, said that the prediction "doesn't mean that we're going to be looking at visible homelessness."</p>

<p>"We have layers of visibility, we have rough sleeping, an encampment, we've got people that are in those unsafe situations (and) we have people that are couch surfing," CTV News quotes her as saying.</p>

<h2><strong>How did the AI predict this?</strong></h2>

<p>HelpSeeker's AI prediction used a variety of data sourced from municipalities across Canada. This included the country's shelter usage, hidden homelessness estimates, inflation trends, unemployment numbers and other factors like housing and rental stock.</p>

<p>The prediction also factored in the expected population growth, which, as per Statistics Canada, could reach between 42.9 million and 52.5 million in 2043.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/landmark-stability-ai-vs-getty-images-copyright-lawsuit-to-move-ahead-to-trial-666377">Landmark Stability AI vs Getty Images copyright lawsuit to move ahead to trial</a></strong></p>

<p>Compounding the variety of factors, the AI predicted that homelessness will increase by around 83 per cent by the end of this decade.</p>

<p>Overall, close to a million Canadians are at risk of homelessness. This includes hidden homelessness — those couch-surfing and not enrolling in shelters — that, as per the AI, could number around 300,000 people by 2030.</p>

<p>It predicted that those living in absolute homelessness conditions, i.e., without a physical home and spending nights in emergency shelters, could reach around 200,000 by 2030.</p>

<h2><strong>How can the problem be dealt with?</strong></h2>

<p>Researchers as per the CTV News report say that increasing beds with medical care by 103,000, and an additional 50,000 recovery and transitional care beds, 30,000 emergency shelter beds and 1.3 million non-market housing units could help tackle the issue.&nbsp;</p>

<p>As per HelpSeeker estimates, this would cost Canada more than $169 billion to build. A further $16 billion each year would be needed for the maintenance.</p>

<p>However, Turner warns that "If we're not able to build these systems now, these trajectories are going to go unchanged."&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Canada is facing a problem that is increasingly getting more and more drastic: homelessness. Now, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has predicted that by the end of this decade, the problem is going to almost triple in terms of numbers.

Canada is facing a problem that is increasingly getting more and more drastic: homelessness. Now, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has predicted that by the end of this decade, the problem is going to almost triple in terms of numbers. Homelessness and Canada In Canada, currently, as per estimates by the Homeless Hub, a research organisation run by York University, there are somewhere between 150,000 to 300,000 people experiencing homelessness. As per a prediction by an Artificial Intelligence algorithm, by 2030, the number of homeless in Canada will grow to about 550,000 to 570,000. Also read | UK discloses immigration reforms: Stricter visas aim to curb soaring migration The prediction has been made by HelpSeeker, a Calgary-based technology company's predictive AI. Speaking at a press conference on Monday (Dec 4th), Alina Turner, CEO of HelpSeeker, said that the prediction "doesn't mean that we're going to be looking at visible homelessness." "We have layers of visibility, we have rough sleeping, an encampment, we've got people that are in those unsafe situations (and) we have people that are couch surfing," CTV News quotes her as saying. How did the AI predict this? HelpSeeker's AI prediction used a variety of data sourced from municipalities across Canada. This included the country's shelter usage, hidden homelessness estimates, inflation trends, unemployment numbers and other factors like housing and rental stock. The prediction also factored in the expected population growth, which, as per Statistics Canada, could reach between 42.9 million and 52.5 million in 2043. Also read | Landmark Stability AI vs Getty Images copyright lawsuit to move ahead to trial Compounding the variety of factors, the AI predicted that homelessness will increase by around 83 per cent by the end of this decade. Overall, close to a million Canadians are at risk of homelessness. This includes hidden homelessness — those couch-surfing and not enrolling in shelters — that, as per the AI, could number around 300,000 people by 2030. It predicted that those living in absolute homelessness conditions, i.e., without a physical home and spending nights in emergency shelters, could reach around 200,000 by 2030. How can the problem be dealt with? Researchers as per the CTV News report say that increasing beds with medical care by 103,000, and an additional 50,000 recovery and transitional care beds, 30,000 emergency shelter beds and 1.3 million non-market housing units could help tackle the issue. As per HelpSeeker estimates, this would cost Canada more than $169 billion to build. A further $16 billion each year would be needed for the maintenance. However, Turner warns that "If we're not able to build these systems now, these trajectories are going to go unchanged." (With inputs from agencies)

AI paints shocking picture of the future of homelessness in Canada

<p>Just like our solar system in the Milky Way has eight (sorry Pluto, it's not nine) planets revolving around Sun, a planetary system a bit far from us has six worlds orbiting their star in&nbsp;perfect harmony, resembling to an extent our own solar system.</p>

<p>Notably, both these systems are in our Milky Way itself.</p>

<h2><strong>Chain of resonance for HD 110067</strong></h2>

<p>The Sun and eight planets revolving around it are in a phenomenon called chain of resonance. Simply put, their revolutions are in sync with one another.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In this case, each of the six planets exhibit a chain of resonance. They orbit around the bright star HD 110067.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;Aliens lurking at the heart of the Milky Way?</strong></p>

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<p>"We think only about one percent of all systems stay in resonance," astrophysicist Rafael Luque of the University of Chicago said in an interview. "It shows us the pristine configuration of a planetary system that has survived untouched."</p>

<h2><strong>What does it mean?</strong></h2>

<p>Scientists say that orbital resonances are neither uncommon nor unexpected. They occur when two bodies orbiting a third body exert a gravitational influence on each other, in such a way that their orbital periods line up.</p>

<p>The HD 110067 is only&nbsp;the third known system with six exoplanets in a chain of resonance.</p>

<p>The star around which these exoplanets are revolving were&nbsp;formed over a billion years ago, scientists add.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/its-all-in-the-shape-science-reveals-what-makes-milky-way-unique-664255">It's all in the shape: Science reveals what makes Milky Way unique</a></strong></p>

<p>"The current delicate configuration of the planetary orbits in HD 110067 rules out any violent event over the billion-year history of the system, making it a rare 'fossil' to study migration mechanisms and the properties of its protoplanetary disk in a pristine environment," the researchers write in their paper published in the Nature journal.</p>

<p>"The combination of host-star brightness and the inferred presence of extended atmospheres in most of its planets makes HD 110067 the most favorable multiplanetary sub-Neptune system to be observed in transmission spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope. HD 110067 offers a chance to gain insight into the nature of sub-Neptune planets and where, how and under what conditions resonant chains form and survive."</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Just like our solar system in the Milky Way has eight (sorry Pluto, it's not nine) planets revolving around Sun, a planetary system a bit far from us has six worlds orbiting their star in perfect harmony, resembling to an extent our own solar system.

Just like our solar system in the Milky Way has eight (sorry Pluto, it's not nine) planets revolving around Sun, a planetary system a bit far from us has six worlds orbiting their star in perfect harmony, resembling to an extent our own solar system. Notably, both these systems are in our Milky Way itself. Chain of resonance for HD 110067 The Sun and eight planets revolving around it are in a phenomenon called chain of resonance. Simply put, their revolutions are in sync with one another. In this case, each of the six planets exhibit a chain of resonance. They orbit around the bright star HD 110067. Also watch | Aliens lurking at the heart of the Milky Way? × "We think only about one percent of all systems stay in resonance," astrophysicist Rafael Luque of the University of Chicago said in an interview. "It shows us the pristine configuration of a planetary system that has survived untouched." What does it mean? Scientists say that orbital resonances are neither uncommon nor unexpected. They occur when two bodies orbiting a third body exert a gravitational influence on each other, in such a way that their orbital periods line up. The HD 110067 is only the third known system with six exoplanets in a chain of resonance. The star around which these exoplanets are revolving were formed over a billion years ago, scientists add. Also read | It's all in the shape: Science reveals what makes Milky Way unique "The current delicate configuration of the planetary orbits in HD 110067 rules out any violent event over the billion-year history of the system, making it a rare 'fossil' to study migration mechanisms and the properties of its protoplanetary disk in a pristine environment," the researchers write in their paper published in the Nature journal. "The combination of host-star brightness and the inferred presence of extended atmospheres in most of its planets makes HD 110067 the most favorable multiplanetary sub-Neptune system to be observed in transmission spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope. HD 110067 offers a chance to gain insight into the nature of sub-Neptune planets and where, how and under what conditions resonant chains form and survive." (With inputs from agencies)

Another solar system in Milky Way? Scientists discover six unique exoplanets

Researchers have been astounded by the discovery of a unique solar system with six planets, even in a time when finding planets orbiting far-off stars has become routine. Though smaller than Neptune, all six of the planets are larger than Earth. Given their near proximity to the star they orbit, it is likely that they are small gaseous worlds with extended atmospheres of helium and hydrogen, making them unsuitable for life as we know it and excessively hot.

Discovery of six-planet solar system amazes astronomers | WION

<p>Seismologists report a groundbreaking study suggesting that significant earthquakes could be predicted by identifying early warning signals several months before the event.</p>

<p>The research, published in Nature Communications, focused on the devastating 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Turkey and Syria in February 2023, bringing to the fore&nbsp;unique seismic signals approximately eight months before the quake.</p>

<p>The earthquake wreaked havoc, claiming over 50,700 lives, injuring double that number, and causing extensive damage to 4 million buildings, including the destruction of around 345,000 apartments.</p>

<p>Earthquake prediction remains an immense challenge, prompting ongoing exploration of warning signs to enhance preparedness for such catastrophic events.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earth-will-collide-with-moon-this-is-what-a-rogue-star-can-do-to-our-solar-system-664214">Also read |&nbsp;‘Earth will collide with moon,’ This is what a rogue star can do to our solar system</a></p>

<h2><strong>Fault zone and signal clusters</strong></h2>

<p>The Turkey-Syria earthquake originated in the East Anatolian Fault Zone, commencing at a secondary fault before propagating to the main fault.</p>

<p>The study identified increased seismic signals and larger energy releases within 40 miles of the epicentre around eight months before the earthquake. Notably, these signals manifested on a secondary fault, often overlooked in seismic assessments.</p>

<p>While the study's lead author, Patricia Martínez-Garzón, acknowledges the ability to sense changes in fault activity, determining the precise size of an impending earthquake remains a challenge.</p>

<p>Predictive techniques, though valuable, encounter variations in earthquake nucleation processes across different events, making immediate-term warnings currently unattainable.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-worlds-1st-transatlantic-flight-using-100-green-fuels-takes-off-from-london-all-you-need-to-know-663945">Also read |&nbsp;Explained | World’s 1st transatlantic flight using 100% green fuels takes off. All you need to know</a></p>

<p>Martínez-Garzón stressed on the need for further research to discern when these signals can reliably indicate an impending earthquake.</p>

<p>Combining field observations with laboratory experiments is deemed crucial for advancing understanding and potentially contributing to earthquake forecasting.</p>

<p>Recognising the immense destruction caused by large earthquakes, any progress in prediction techniques holds significant value.</p>

<p>Hazard and risk scientists stress the importance of case histories like this in enhancing comprehension of processes leading to major earthquakes.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Seismologists report a groundbreaking study suggesting that significant earthquakes could be predicted by identifying early warning signals several months before the event.

Seismologists report a groundbreaking study suggesting that significant earthquakes could be predicted by identifying early warning signals several months before the event. The research, published in Nature Communications, focused on the devastating 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Turkey and Syria in February 2023, bringing to the fore unique seismic signals approximately eight months before the quake. The earthquake wreaked havoc, claiming over 50,700 lives, injuring double that number, and causing extensive damage to 4 million buildings, including the destruction of around 345,000 apartments. Earthquake prediction remains an immense challenge, prompting ongoing exploration of warning signs to enhance preparedness for such catastrophic events. Also read | ‘Earth will collide with moon,’ This is what a rogue star can do to our solar system Fault zone and signal clusters The Turkey-Syria earthquake originated in the East Anatolian Fault Zone, commencing at a secondary fault before propagating to the main fault. The study identified increased seismic signals and larger energy releases within 40 miles of the epicentre around eight months before the earthquake. Notably, these signals manifested on a secondary fault, often overlooked in seismic assessments. While the study's lead author, Patricia Martínez-Garzón, acknowledges the ability to sense changes in fault activity, determining the precise size of an impending earthquake remains a challenge. Predictive techniques, though valuable, encounter variations in earthquake nucleation processes across different events, making immediate-term warnings currently unattainable. Also read | Explained | World’s 1st transatlantic flight using 100% green fuels takes off. All you need to know Martínez-Garzón stressed on the need for further research to discern when these signals can reliably indicate an impending earthquake. Combining field observations with laboratory experiments is deemed crucial for advancing understanding and potentially contributing to earthquake forecasting. Recognising the immense destruction caused by large earthquakes, any progress in prediction techniques holds significant value. Hazard and risk scientists stress the importance of case histories like this in enhancing comprehension of processes leading to major earthquakes. (With inputs from agencies)

Major earthquakes can be predicted months in advance, scientists say

<p>A new poll found that England and Wales are 'living in the dark ages'. The 'shocking poll'&nbsp;found that nearly one in seven HRs (Human Resource executives) believe that compared to women, men are better suited to management roles.</p>

<h2><strong>The 'shocking' study findings</strong></h2>

<p>A survey of personnel managers in England and Wales found that nearly one in seven HRs rate men as more suitable for top jobs. The poll for&nbsp;Young Women's Trust (YWT), a charity, also&nbsp;revealed that almost 20 per cent, or one in five,&nbsp;human resource personnel also admitted to being hesitant to hire women who they thought may start families.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/rare-cluster-of-syphilis-that-infects-eyes-puzzles-us-scientists-663851">One man infects 5 women with rare eye syphilis following sexual intercourse</a></strong></p>

<p>YWT has labelled these figures a "travesty" and said that Wales and England were "living in the dark ages".</p>

<p>What's more?&nbsp;The poll found that it is not the older generation that has this bias against women. Younger HR managers, as per The Guardian, were more likely to be prejudiced against women employees' capabilities to tackle tough, big roles.</p>

<h2><strong>From a time bygone</strong></h2>

<p>YWT chief executive Claire Reindorp called these biases a 'travesty',&nbsp;and said: "You might think views like this died with the dinosaurs, but they're still alive and having a very real and lasting effect."</p>

<p>"We know it's hard for young women to get the jobs that they want because of barriers such as a lack of flexible working and affordable childcare, but then when they do enter the workplace, discrimination and a lack of support to progress creates this broken rung on the career ladder."</p>

<p>"It's a travesty that in 2023 young women still aren't being given the same chances in life as young men," she added.</p>

<p>Alesha De-Freitas, the head of policy at the Fawcett Society, UK's leading charity campaigning for gender equality, said that the results were 'shocking',&nbsp;and the reason gender pay gap persists.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/strong-winds-knock-over-us-national-christmas-tree-outside-white-house-664192">Strong winds knock over the National Christmas Tree outside White House</a></strong></p>

<p>"It is shocking that HR managers still believe that men are better suited to senior management than women," she said.</p>

<p>"This then funnels through to all of women's experiences at work, from pay discrimination to unfair treatment around contracts. No wonder there is no prospect of the gender pay gap closing for at least another 28 years."</p>

<p>For the poll, 907 human resource managers were asked to what extent they agreed or disagreed with the statement "men are better suited to senior management jobs than women". 15 per cent agreed with the statement, 79 per cent disagreed, and the rest said they didn't know.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


A new poll found that England and Wales are 'living in the dark ages'. The 'shocking poll' found that nearly one in seven HRs (Human Resource executives) believe that compared to women, men are better suited to management roles.

A new poll found that England and Wales are 'living in the dark ages'. The 'shocking poll' found that nearly one in seven HRs (Human Resource executives) believe that compared to women, men are better suited to management roles. The 'shocking' study findings A survey of personnel managers in England and Wales found that nearly one in seven HRs rate men as more suitable for top jobs. The poll for Young Women's Trust (YWT), a charity, also revealed that almost 20 per cent, or one in five, human resource personnel also admitted to being hesitant to hire women who they thought may start families. Also read | One man infects 5 women with rare eye syphilis following sexual intercourse YWT has labelled these figures a "travesty" and said that Wales and England were "living in the dark ages". What's more? The poll found that it is not the older generation that has this bias against women. Younger HR managers, as per The Guardian, were more likely to be prejudiced against women employees' capabilities to tackle tough, big roles. From a time bygone YWT chief executive Claire Reindorp called these biases a 'travesty', and said: "You might think views like this died with the dinosaurs, but they're still alive and having a very real and lasting effect." "We know it's hard for young women to get the jobs that they want because of barriers such as a lack of flexible working and affordable childcare, but then when they do enter the workplace, discrimination and a lack of support to progress creates this broken rung on the career ladder." "It's a travesty that in 2023 young women still aren't being given the same chances in life as young men," she added. Alesha De-Freitas, the head of policy at the Fawcett Society, UK's leading charity campaigning for gender equality, said that the results were 'shocking', and the reason gender pay gap persists. Also read | Strong winds knock over the National Christmas Tree outside White House "It is shocking that HR managers still believe that men are better suited to senior management than women," she said. "This then funnels through to all of women's experiences at work, from pay discrimination to unfair treatment around contracts. No wonder there is no prospect of the gender pay gap closing for at least another 28 years." For the poll, 907 human resource managers were asked to what extent they agreed or disagreed with the statement "men are better suited to senior management jobs than women". 15 per cent agreed with the statement, 79 per cent disagreed, and the rest said they didn't know. (With inputs from agencies)

England and Wales 'living in dark ages,' poll finds 1-in-7 HRs says men better suited to top jobs

<p>A recent study has challenged the pre-existing assumption that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are inherently more appealing than less processed options.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The research by the University of Bristol, as per The Guardian, aimed to investigate whether calories and processing levels are the primary factors influencing taste perception and food desirability.</p>

<h2><strong>Study methodology</strong></h2>

<p>The study, as per the report, involved 224 adult volunteers who were presented with colour images of 24 to 32 familiar foods. These ranged from avocado and grapes to blueberry muffins and ice cream and varied in calories, processing levels (including UPFs), and carbohydrate-to-fat ratio.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/neanderthals-were-able-to-produce-human-like-speech-claims-study-662800">How did Neanderthals speak? Study points to human-like speech</a></strong></p>

<p>Participants were then asked to rate the foods for taste pleasantness, desire to eat, sweetness, and saltiness while imagining tasting them.</p>

<h2><strong>Study results</strong></h2>

<p>Contrary to expectations, the results published in the journal Appetite revealed that, on average, UPFs were no more liked or desired than processed or unprocessed foods.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The study found that foods with more intense flavours, particularly related to sweetness and saltiness, were generally more liked and desired.</p>

<p>Lead author Prof Peter Rogers noted, "While ultra-processing didn’t reliably predict liking (palatability) in our study, food carbohydrate-to-fat ratio, food fibre content and taste intensity did – actually, together, these three characteristics accounted for more than half of the variability in liking across the foods we tested".</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-fully-intact-fly-found-in-mans-intestine-during-routine-screening-leaves-him-stumped-662741">US: Fully intact fly found in man's intestine during routine screening, leaves him stumped</a></strong></p>

<p>The findings as per Rogers suggest that "humans are programmed to learn to like foods with more equal amounts of carbohydrate and fat, and lower amounts of fibre, because those foods are less filling per calorie. In other words, we value calories over fullness."</p>

<p>The study comes as concern about the rising consumption of UPFs globally grows. As per the Guardia report, in the UK and the US, these foods now constitute over half of the average diet. Furthermore, UPFs such as ice cream, fizzy drinks, and ready meals have been associated with health issues, including an increased risk of cancer, weight gain, and heart disease.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


A recent study has challenged the pre-existing assumption that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are inherently more appealing than less processed options. The research by the University of Bristol, as per The Guardian, aimed to investigate whether calories and processing levels are the primary factors influencing taste perception and food desirability.

A recent study has challenged the pre-existing assumption that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are inherently more appealing than less processed options. The research by the University of Bristol, as per The Guardian, aimed to investigate whether calories and processing levels are the primary factors influencing taste perception and food desirability. Study methodology The study, as per the report, involved 224 adult volunteers who were presented with colour images of 24 to 32 familiar foods. These ranged from avocado and grapes to blueberry muffins and ice cream and varied in calories, processing levels (including UPFs), and carbohydrate-to-fat ratio. Also read | How did Neanderthals speak? Study points to human-like speech Participants were then asked to rate the foods for taste pleasantness, desire to eat, sweetness, and saltiness while imagining tasting them. Study results Contrary to expectations, the results published in the journal Appetite revealed that, on average, UPFs were no more liked or desired than processed or unprocessed foods. The study found that foods with more intense flavours, particularly related to sweetness and saltiness, were generally more liked and desired. Lead author Prof Peter Rogers noted, "While ultra-processing didn’t reliably predict liking (palatability) in our study, food carbohydrate-to-fat ratio, food fibre content and taste intensity did – actually, together, these three characteristics accounted for more than half of the variability in liking across the foods we tested". Also read | US: Fully intact fly found in man's intestine during routine screening, leaves him stumped The findings as per Rogers suggest that "humans are programmed to learn to like foods with more equal amounts of carbohydrate and fat, and lower amounts of fibre, because those foods are less filling per calorie. In other words, we value calories over fullness." The study comes as concern about the rising consumption of UPFs globally grows. As per the Guardia report, in the UK and the US, these foods now constitute over half of the average diet. Furthermore, UPFs such as ice cream, fizzy drinks, and ready meals have been associated with health issues, including an increased risk of cancer, weight gain, and heart disease. (With inputs from agencies)

Are ultra-processed foods more appealing than less processed options? Here's what a study found

<p>Authentic is the "word of the year" 2023, as per America's oldest dictionary, Merriam-Webster.</p>

<p>Driven by high traffic of stories and conversations around Artificial Intelligence, celebrity culture, identity and social media, the word 'Authentic' topped the charts.</p>

<h2><strong>What does 'authentic' mean?</strong></h2>

<p>As per Merriam-Webster, 'authentic' is the "term for something we're thinking about, writing about, aspiring to, and judging more than ever."</p>

<p>The dictionary describes authentic as a word with manifold meanings including "not false or imitation," a synonym of real and actual; and also "true to one's own personality, spirit, or character."</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/ai-dominates-conversations-in-2023-named-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary-653747">Artificial Intelligence dominates conversations in 2023, named 'Word of the Year' by Collins Dictionary</a></strong></p>

<p>However, a blog post announcing the word of the year also says that while authenticity is a "desirable quality", the word is "hard to define and subject to debate", these two reasons it said, "sends many people to the dictionary."</p>

<h2><strong>Why were people searching for 'authentic'?</strong></h2>

<p>In America, as per the US' oldest dictionary, the rise of artificial intelligence and its impact in terms of the increasingly common deep fake videos, actors' contracts, academic honesty, and a vast number of other topics drove the searches.&nbsp;</p>

<p>As "the line between 'real' and 'fake' has become increasingly blurred," brands, celebrities and social media influencers all aspire to be 'authentic', it says.</p>

<p>Pushing the search were celebrities like Taylor Swift and Elon Musk.</p>

<h2><strong>What other words were popular?</strong></h2>

<p>Other contenders for 'Word of the Year' included 'deepfake' — "an image or recording that has been convincingly altered and manipulated to misrepresent someone as doing or saying something that was not actually done or said."</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/bangladeshi-couples-research-paper-cum-wedding-invitation-leaves-internet-in-splits-663893">Bangladeshi couple's research paper cum wedding invitation leaves internet in splits</a></strong></p>

<p>Also on the list was "indict" thanks to the indictment of former US President Donald Trump in four separate cases.</p>

<p>'Rizz' a trending internet-driven slang was one of the major runner-ups. The word that means "romantic appeal or charm" was added to the dictionary in September. 'Coronation' thanks to British King Charles III taking over as monarch also saw a spike. Furthermore, as record-high temperatures plagued the world, 'dystopian' also topped the search.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Authentic is the "word of the year" 2023, as per America's oldest dictionary, Merriam-Webster. Driven by high traffic of stories and conversations around Artificial Intelligence, celebrity culture, identity and social media, the word 'Authentic' topped the charts.

Authentic is the "word of the year" 2023, as per America's oldest dictionary, Merriam-Webster. Driven by high traffic of stories and conversations around Artificial Intelligence, celebrity culture, identity and social media, the word 'Authentic' topped the charts. What does 'authentic' mean? As per Merriam-Webster, 'authentic' is the "term for something we're thinking about, writing about, aspiring to, and judging more than ever." The dictionary describes authentic as a word with manifold meanings including "not false or imitation," a synonym of real and actual; and also "true to one's own personality, spirit, or character." Also read | Artificial Intelligence dominates conversations in 2023, named 'Word of the Year' by Collins Dictionary However, a blog post announcing the word of the year also says that while authenticity is a "desirable quality", the word is "hard to define and subject to debate", these two reasons it said, "sends many people to the dictionary." Why were people searching for 'authentic'? In America, as per the US' oldest dictionary, the rise of artificial intelligence and its impact in terms of the increasingly common deep fake videos, actors' contracts, academic honesty, and a vast number of other topics drove the searches. As "the line between 'real' and 'fake' has become increasingly blurred," brands, celebrities and social media influencers all aspire to be 'authentic', it says. Pushing the search were celebrities like Taylor Swift and Elon Musk. What other words were popular? Other contenders for 'Word of the Year' included 'deepfake' — "an image or recording that has been convincingly altered and manipulated to misrepresent someone as doing or saying something that was not actually done or said." Also read | Bangladeshi couple's research paper cum wedding invitation leaves internet in splits Also on the list was "indict" thanks to the indictment of former US President Donald Trump in four separate cases. 'Rizz' a trending internet-driven slang was one of the major runner-ups. The word that means "romantic appeal or charm" was added to the dictionary in September. 'Coronation' thanks to British King Charles III taking over as monarch also saw a spike. Furthermore, as record-high temperatures plagued the world, 'dystopian' also topped the search. (With inputs from agencies)

Merriam-Webster selects 'authentic' as word of the year 2023

<p>Europe's heavy-lift rocket Ariane-5 completed its final launch in July 2023 by lifting two telecoms satellites into space. Now, the new European-built Ariane 6 rocket is gearing up for its mission for its first test flight ever. In an exciting development, the rocket has cleared a major full-scale rehearsal on Friday (Nov 24).&nbsp;</p>

<p>The Ariane 6 rocket was developed by Arianespace on behalf of the European Space Agency. As part of the trial, the ground teams completed the launch countdown. It was followed by a 7-minute full firing of the core stage’s engine.</p>

<p>Everything went just as it would transpire if fired for an actual launch into space.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/ukraine-war-conflict-risks-lasting-to-2030-without-peace-talks-says-slovak-pm-662531">Ukraine war: Conflict risks lasting to 2030 without peace talks, says Slovak PM</a></p>

<p>Things went as per plan, which included plans for not igniting boosters. This was done to ensure that Ariane 6 stayed on the launch pad at Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"The engine-fire trial reenacts how the Ariane 6 core stage will fire during a normal flight into space. Once complete the main engine would shut down and the core stage would separate from the upper stage, which would then take over propulsion and complete its mission," European Space Agency said.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/hamas-release-13-israeli-hostages-12-thai-nationals-amid-truce-in-gaza-662502">Hamas releases 24 hostages amid temporary truce in Gaza</a></p>

<h2><strong>What did the trial include?&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>A test model was used for the trial, which was the longest ‘full-stack' run yet for Ariane 6’s lower liquid propulsion module with a Vulcain 2.1 engine.</p>

<p>Speaking over the trial, ESA’s Director General Josef Aschbacher said, “The teams from ArianeGroup, CNES and ESA have now run through every step of the rocket's flight without it leaving Earth."&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/hostages-release-israels-hostage-for-prisoner-swap-662497">Hostages release: Israel's hostage-for-prisoner swap</a></strong></p>

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<p>He termed the successful trial a "milestone" because it came after humongous efforts being put in every aspect of the mission right from&nbsp;designing and planning to preparing and building.</p>

<p>The mission included hard work of some of the most talented space engineers in Europe. "We are back on track towards resecuring Europe’s autonomous access to space. Well done to all involved!”&nbsp;Aschbacher said.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Vulcain 2.1 engine</strong></h2>

<p>Nearly 150 tonnes of propellant were used in the Vulcain 2.1 engine in the Ariane 6 core stage tanks – liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen tank was supercooled to temperatures below -250°C.</p>

<p>The earlier Ariane 5 touted as Europe's most successful launch system to date used&nbsp;Vulcain 2 engine. The current mission&nbsp;Ariane 6 uses an advanced version - Vulcain 2.1.</p>

<p>"The upgrade has a simplified and cheaper design, and new technology in the engine nozzle and ignition system has been moved from the engine to the launch pad structure, to make the stage perform better and cost less," as per ESA.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Europe's heavy-lift rocket Ariane-5 completed its final launch in July 2023 by lifting two telecoms satellites into space. Now, the new European-built Ariane 6 rocket is gearing up for its mission for its first test flight ever.

Europe's heavy-lift rocket Ariane-5 completed its final launch in July 2023 by lifting two telecoms satellites into space. Now, the new European-built Ariane 6 rocket is gearing up for its mission for its first test flight ever. In an exciting development, the rocket has cleared a major full-scale rehearsal on Friday (Nov 24). The Ariane 6 rocket was developed by Arianespace on behalf of the European Space Agency. As part of the trial, the ground teams completed the launch countdown. It was followed by a 7-minute full firing of the core stage’s engine. Everything went just as it would transpire if fired for an actual launch into space. Also Read | Ukraine war: Conflict risks lasting to 2030 without peace talks, says Slovak PM Things went as per plan, which included plans for not igniting boosters. This was done to ensure that Ariane 6 stayed on the launch pad at Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana. "The engine-fire trial reenacts how the Ariane 6 core stage will fire during a normal flight into space. Once complete the main engine would shut down and the core stage would separate from the upper stage, which would then take over propulsion and complete its mission," European Space Agency said. Also Read | Hamas releases 24 hostages amid temporary truce in Gaza What did the trial include? A test model was used for the trial, which was the longest ‘full-stack' run yet for Ariane 6’s lower liquid propulsion module with a Vulcain 2.1 engine. Speaking over the trial, ESA’s Director General Josef Aschbacher said, “The teams from ArianeGroup, CNES and ESA have now run through every step of the rocket's flight without it leaving Earth." Watch | Hostages release: Israel's hostage-for-prisoner swap × He termed the successful trial a "milestone" because it came after humongous efforts being put in every aspect of the mission right from designing and planning to preparing and building. The mission included hard work of some of the most talented space engineers in Europe. "We are back on track towards resecuring Europe’s autonomous access to space. Well done to all involved!” Aschbacher said. Vulcain 2.1 engine Nearly 150 tonnes of propellant were used in the Vulcain 2.1 engine in the Ariane 6 core stage tanks – liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen tank was supercooled to temperatures below -250°C. The earlier Ariane 5 touted as Europe's most successful launch system to date used Vulcain 2 engine. The current mission Ariane 6 uses an advanced version - Vulcain 2.1. "The upgrade has a simplified and cheaper design, and new technology in the engine nozzle and ignition system has been moved from the engine to the launch pad structure, to make the stage perform better and cost less," as per ESA. (With inputs from agencies)

Europe’s new Ariane 6 rocket successfully clears ‘major full-scale’ trial

<p>A fascinating study has found that the eyes have a way of 'talking' to the ears.&nbsp;Researchers have discovered that microphones strategically placed in the ear canal can pick up subtle sounds produced by eyeball movements, media reports said quoting a&nbsp;study. The study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences also highlighted the potential implications for visual-auditory tasks.</p>

<p>This will allow scientists to determine the direction in which a person is looking. These sounds, which are imperceptible to the conscious mind, are believed to be related to the contraction of ear muscles prompted by signals from eye movements. As per reports, these mechanisms might be linked to the brain's ability to coordinate visual and auditory information. This facilitates locating the sounds even when the eyes are in motion and the ears are not.</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/eye-contact-though-rare-during-communication-is-a-good-social-behavioural-cue-study-662302">Eye contact, though rare during communication, is a good social behavioural cue: Study</a></p>

<p>While the exact function of these eye-generated sounds remains uncertain, researchers are speculating that they may contribute to sharpening perception.</p>

<h2><strong>Study can help in clinical tests for hearing</strong>&nbsp;</h2>

<p>The study is a crucial development as researchers also suggested that understanding these subtle noises could potentially lead to the development of innovative clinical tests for hearing.</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/watch-astronauts-celebrate-thanksgiving-in-space-aboard-iss-with-special-nasa-menu-662253">Quail, turkey, seafood &amp; more: 50th Thanksgiving on space station was a grand affair</a></p>

<p>It also indicated that similar to how pupils dilate to regulate light intake, the ears seem to have mechanisms that adjust to loud sounds. Moreover, previous research indicated that eye movements trigger these auditory regulation mechanisms.</p>

<p><strong>Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/indian-doctoral-student-killed-in-us-americas-gun-problem-becomes-a-global-human-issue-wion-662293">Indian Doctoral student killed in US | America's gun problem becomes a global human issue | WION</a></strong></p>

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<p>Reports while quoting the senior author of the paper Jennifer Groh said, “You can actually estimate the movement of the eyes, the position of the target that the eyes are going to look at, just from recordings made with a microphone in the ear canal. We think this is part of a system for allowing the brain to match up where sights and sounds are located, even though our eyes can move when our head and ears do not."</p>

<p>"Some folks have a really reproducible signal day-to-day, and you can measure it quickly. You might expect those folks to be really good at a visual-auditory task compared to other folks, where it’s more variable,"&nbsp;Groh added.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


A fascinating study has found that the eyes have a way of 'talking' to the ears. Researchers have discovered that microphones strategically placed in the ear canal can pick up subtle sounds produced by eyeball movements, media reports said quoting a study.

A fascinating study has found that the eyes have a way of 'talking' to the ears. Researchers have discovered that microphones strategically placed in the ear canal can pick up subtle sounds produced by eyeball movements, media reports said quoting a study. The study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences also highlighted the potential implications for visual-auditory tasks. This will allow scientists to determine the direction in which a person is looking. These sounds, which are imperceptible to the conscious mind, are believed to be related to the contraction of ear muscles prompted by signals from eye movements. As per reports, these mechanisms might be linked to the brain's ability to coordinate visual and auditory information. This facilitates locating the sounds even when the eyes are in motion and the ears are not. Also Read | Eye contact, though rare during communication, is a good social behavioural cue: Study While the exact function of these eye-generated sounds remains uncertain, researchers are speculating that they may contribute to sharpening perception. Study can help in clinical tests for hearing The study is a crucial development as researchers also suggested that understanding these subtle noises could potentially lead to the development of innovative clinical tests for hearing. Also Read | Quail, turkey, seafood & more: 50th Thanksgiving on space station was a grand affair It also indicated that similar to how pupils dilate to regulate light intake, the ears seem to have mechanisms that adjust to loud sounds. Moreover, previous research indicated that eye movements trigger these auditory regulation mechanisms. Watch | Indian Doctoral student killed in US | America's gun problem becomes a global human issue | WION × Reports while quoting the senior author of the paper Jennifer Groh said, “You can actually estimate the movement of the eyes, the position of the target that the eyes are going to look at, just from recordings made with a microphone in the ear canal. We think this is part of a system for allowing the brain to match up where sights and sounds are located, even though our eyes can move when our head and ears do not." "Some folks have a really reproducible signal day-to-day, and you can measure it quickly. You might expect those folks to be really good at a visual-auditory task compared to other folks, where it’s more variable," Groh added. (With inputs from agencies)

When eyes 'talk' to ear: Microphones in ear canal can tell where a person is looking

<p>Researchers from the University of Texas and the University of Delaware have uncovered a potential memory system in the well-studied bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). Despite lacking a brain or nervous system, E. coli seems capable of forming memories of past experiences and passing them down to subsequent generations.</p>

<p>Contrary to conscious human memory, this bacterial memory system impacts decision-making based on prior encounters.</p>

<p>Lead researcher Souvik Bhattacharyya explained&nbsp;to ScienceAlert&nbsp;that while bacteria lack brains, they can gather and store information from their environment, later accessing it for their advantage.</p>

<p>The study's foundation lies in over 10,000 bacterial 'swarming' assays, examining E. coli behaviour when cells collaborate for efficient exploration or form biofilms for colonisation. Intriguingly, intracellular iron levels emerged as a key factor influencing swarming behaviour.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-by-chance-discover-bacteria-that-stops-malaria-transmission-622357">Also read |&nbsp;Scientists discover bacteria that stops malaria transmission, by sheer chance</a></p>

<h2><strong>Iron levels and behavioural response</strong></h2>

<p>Low iron levels prompted faster and more efficient swarming, while higher levels led to a more settled lifestyle.</p>

<p>Astonishingly, cells experiencing low iron levels in early generations exhibited accelerated swarming in subsequent generations.</p>

<p>This 'iron' memory endured for at least four generations, representing a unique form of behavioural conditioning.</p>

<p>Daughter cells inherited the iron-based memory from the mother cell, persisting through at least four successive generations before naturally diminishing by the seventh.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/reusable-water-bottles-carry-40000-times-more-bacteria-than-a-toilet-seat-shows-study-571769">Also read |&nbsp;Reusable water bottles carry 40,000 TIMES more bacteria than a toilet seat, shows study</a></p>

<p>Artificial reinforcement could restore memory, showcasing a distinctive intergenerational transmission of behavioural traits in E. coli.</p>

<p>While the study hasn't pinpointed the molecular mechanism behind this memory system, the robust link between intracellular iron and intergenerational behaviour suggests a form of enduring conditioning.</p>

<p>Despite the role of epigenetics in passing biological settings through generations, the short duration of heritability in this case implies a distinct mechanism.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>


Researchers from the University of Texas and the University of Delaware have uncovered a potential memory system in the well-studied bacterium Escherichia coli (E.

Researchers from the University of Texas and the University of Delaware have uncovered a potential memory system in the well-studied bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). Despite lacking a brain or nervous system, E. coli seems capable of forming memories of past experiences and passing them down to subsequent generations. Contrary to conscious human memory, this bacterial memory system impacts decision-making based on prior encounters. Lead researcher Souvik Bhattacharyya explained to ScienceAlert that while bacteria lack brains, they can gather and store information from their environment, later accessing it for their advantage. The study's foundation lies in over 10,000 bacterial 'swarming' assays, examining E. coli behaviour when cells collaborate for efficient exploration or form biofilms for colonisation. Intriguingly, intracellular iron levels emerged as a key factor influencing swarming behaviour. Also read | Scientists discover bacteria that stops malaria transmission, by sheer chance Iron levels and behavioural response Low iron levels prompted faster and more efficient swarming, while higher levels led to a more settled lifestyle. Astonishingly, cells experiencing low iron levels in early generations exhibited accelerated swarming in subsequent generations. This 'iron' memory endured for at least four generations, representing a unique form of behavioural conditioning. Daughter cells inherited the iron-based memory from the mother cell, persisting through at least four successive generations before naturally diminishing by the seventh. Also read | Reusable water bottles carry 40,000 TIMES more bacteria than a toilet seat, shows study Artificial reinforcement could restore memory, showcasing a distinctive intergenerational transmission of behavioural traits in E. coli. While the study hasn't pinpointed the molecular mechanism behind this memory system, the robust link between intracellular iron and intergenerational behaviour suggests a form of enduring conditioning. Despite the role of epigenetics in passing biological settings through generations, the short duration of heritability in this case implies a distinct mechanism. (With inputs from agencies)

E. coli creates memories and passes them on to future generations, study finds

<p>A research featured in <a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/dog-brains-have-knack-numbers-much-ours">Science Magazine</a> suggests that dogs, beyond their familiar roles as companions, have&nbsp;the ability to process numbers in a manner similar to humans.</p>

<p>Emory University's study, published in Biology Letters, reveals that while dogs may not precisely count numbers as humans do, they exhibit an awareness of quantity.</p>

<p>The study explores the "approximate number system," showcasing dogs' capacity to discern variations in food portions or respond to additional treats, indicating an understanding of quantities.</p>

<p>Unlike previous studies using trained animals, this research by Gregory Berns and colleagues suggests that an untrained, shared brain function related to numbers has evolved across different animal species.</p>

<p>The study involved 11 diverse dog breeds undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dogs, stationed in scanners, focused on changing arrays of grey dots, allowing researchers to monitor the parietotemporal cortex activity—the equivalent of the human parietal cortex responsible for processing numerical changes.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/dogs-likely-dream-about-their-owners-during-sleep-says-study-645353">Also read |&nbsp;Dogs likely dream about their human companions during sleep, says study</a></p>

<h2><strong>What did the results say?</strong></h2>

<p>Eight out of the 11 dogs exhibited behaviour patterns akin to the human brain when tested, highlighting sensitivity to numerical changes.</p>

<p>Three dogs, however, did not pass the scanning test, a discrepancy attributed to individual breeds.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: Baghdad zoo animals suffer as mercury hits 50 degrees</strong></p>

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<p>Psychologist Lauren Aulet, a contributor to the study, told&nbsp;the National Post about the potential breakthrough in understanding how dogs detect changes in quantity. The research may offer valuable insights into treating brain abnormalities and holds promise for future scientific inquiries.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


A research featured in Science Magazine suggests that dogs, beyond their familiar roles as companions, have the ability to process numbers in a manner similar to humans.

A research featured in Science Magazine suggests that dogs, beyond their familiar roles as companions, have the ability to process numbers in a manner similar to humans. Emory University's study, published in Biology Letters, reveals that while dogs may not precisely count numbers as humans do, they exhibit an awareness of quantity. The study explores the "approximate number system," showcasing dogs' capacity to discern variations in food portions or respond to additional treats, indicating an understanding of quantities. Unlike previous studies using trained animals, this research by Gregory Berns and colleagues suggests that an untrained, shared brain function related to numbers has evolved across different animal species. The study involved 11 diverse dog breeds undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dogs, stationed in scanners, focused on changing arrays of grey dots, allowing researchers to monitor the parietotemporal cortex activity—the equivalent of the human parietal cortex responsible for processing numerical changes. Also read | Dogs likely dream about their human companions during sleep, says study What did the results say? Eight out of the 11 dogs exhibited behaviour patterns akin to the human brain when tested, highlighting sensitivity to numerical changes. Three dogs, however, did not pass the scanning test, a discrepancy attributed to individual breeds. Also watch | Gravitas: Baghdad zoo animals suffer as mercury hits 50 degrees Psychologist Lauren Aulet, a contributor to the study, told the National Post about the potential breakthrough in understanding how dogs detect changes in quantity. The research may offer valuable insights into treating brain abnormalities and holds promise for future scientific inquiries. (With inputs from agencies)

Your dog keeps count of the treats you give, study says

<p>If the voice of virtual voice assistants like Alexa or Siri is similar to yours, then you are more likely to be convinced by their recommendations, new research has found.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The similarity in voice could be in terms of the pitch or speed of the voice as well. For instance, if you speak fast and Alexa's speaking abilities are also synced with how fast you speak as an individual, then you are more likely to be convinced by their recommendations.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The researchers found that increasing personality similarity by automatically matching user and VA voice profiles encouraged users to be less rational about veracity of information presented, such as misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines.&nbsp;</p>

<p><b>Also watch |&nbsp;AI breakthrough triggered Sam Altman's initial ouster: Report | World Business Watch</b></p>

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<p>In the study, 38 per cent of the unvaccinated individuals changed their minds about vaccination after listening to vaccine misinformation shared by a virtual assistant.</p>

<h2><strong>Why was the study conducted?</strong></h2>

<p>The study by the Pennsylvania State University was aimed at finding ways to increase user resistance to misinformation. The findings were published in the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies.</p>

<p>"Our study shows that when users interact with a voice assistant that is similar to their personality, they think more highly of the service provided by it," S&nbsp; Shyam Sundar, study co-author and the James P. Jimirro Professor of Media Effects at Penn State, said in an official statement.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/artificial-intelligence-could-help-in-implementation-of-four-day-week-work-culture-in-near-future-661127">Artificial Intelligence could help implement a four-day week work culture in near future</a></strong></p>

<p>"This tendency to equate perceived similarity to credibility was more pronounced among those who customised their experience by choosing a preferred voice for the assistant," Sundar said.</p>

<p>The lead author said that the study had an unexpected finding.</p>

<p>"The greater number of unvaccinated individuals paired with matching VA personalities changing their mind about vaccination was a counterintuitive finding," said lead author Eugene C Snyder, assistant professor of humanities and social sciences at the New Jersey Institute of Technology.</p>

<p>"People often show resistance to persuasive attempts by information sources, like pundits or social media influencers. For the unvaccinated study participants, being faced with misinformation from a VA similar to themselves may have created a kind of resistance. However, further work is needed to clarify this reaction since unvaccinated individuals were a minority in our sample, accounting for 27 per cent of study participants."</p>

<h2><strong>What is the bottom-line?</strong>&nbsp;</h2>

<p>The finding speaks to the nature of how humans process information and that when you hear information from a voice assistant that is similar to yourself, you are likely to process the message more carefully. This&nbsp;exact careful processing, according to the authors, is what makes you realise the persuasive angle of the messaging and this is why are resistant to it.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


If the voice of virtual voice assistants like Alexa or Siri is similar to yours, then you are more likely to be convinced by their recommendations, new research has found.

If the voice of virtual voice assistants like Alexa or Siri is similar to yours, then you are more likely to be convinced by their recommendations, new research has found. The similarity in voice could be in terms of the pitch or speed of the voice as well. For instance, if you speak fast and Alexa's speaking abilities are also synced with how fast you speak as an individual, then you are more likely to be convinced by their recommendations. The researchers found that increasing personality similarity by automatically matching user and VA voice profiles encouraged users to be less rational about veracity of information presented, such as misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines. Also watch | AI breakthrough triggered Sam Altman's initial ouster: Report | World Business Watch × In the study, 38 per cent of the unvaccinated individuals changed their minds about vaccination after listening to vaccine misinformation shared by a virtual assistant. Why was the study conducted? The study by the Pennsylvania State University was aimed at finding ways to increase user resistance to misinformation. The findings were published in the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. "Our study shows that when users interact with a voice assistant that is similar to their personality, they think more highly of the service provided by it," S Shyam Sundar, study co-author and the James P. Jimirro Professor of Media Effects at Penn State, said in an official statement. Also read | Artificial Intelligence could help implement a four-day week work culture in near future "This tendency to equate perceived similarity to credibility was more pronounced among those who customised their experience by choosing a preferred voice for the assistant," Sundar said. The lead author said that the study had an unexpected finding. "The greater number of unvaccinated individuals paired with matching VA personalities changing their mind about vaccination was a counterintuitive finding," said lead author Eugene C Snyder, assistant professor of humanities and social sciences at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. "People often show resistance to persuasive attempts by information sources, like pundits or social media influencers. For the unvaccinated study participants, being faced with misinformation from a VA similar to themselves may have created a kind of resistance. However, further work is needed to clarify this reaction since unvaccinated individuals were a minority in our sample, accounting for 27 per cent of study participants." What is the bottom-line? The finding speaks to the nature of how humans process information and that when you hear information from a voice assistant that is similar to yourself, you are likely to process the message more carefully. This exact careful processing, according to the authors, is what makes you realise the persuasive angle of the messaging and this is why are resistant to it. (With inputs from agencies)

If virtual assistants Alexa or Siri sound like you, then you'll love them more: Study

<p>New research has claimed that the ozone layer hole over the Antarctic might be getting larger, contradicting recent reports claiming it was recovering.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The New Zealand researchers behind the study published in the journal <em>Nature Communications</em>&nbsp;on Tuesday (Nov 21) argued that ozone levels have reduced by 26 per cent since 2004 at the core of the hole in the Antarctic springtime.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The scientists arrived at the conclusion by analysing the ozone layer's behaviour between September and November using a satellite instrument. After analysis, researchers said six of the last nine years have had really&nbsp;low ozone amounts and extremely large ozone holes over the region.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The study cited changes in the Antarctic polar vortex (a vast swirl of low pressure and very cold air, high above the South Pole) as one of the main reasons for ozone depletion. It added that tiny, airborne particles emitted from wildfires and volcanoes and changes in solar cycle were also responsible for the depletion.&nbsp;</p>

<p>“This means that the hole has not only remained large in area, but it has also become deeper [i.e. has less ozone] throughout most of the Antarctic spring,” said Hannah Kessenich, the study's lead author.&nbsp;</p>

<p>“The especially long-lived ozone holes during 2020-2022 fit squarely into this picture, as the size/depth of the hole during October was particularly notable in all three years.”&nbsp;</p>

<p>The ozone layer is responsible for protecting life on Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of our Sun. In 1987, after reports claimed that the ozone layer above the desolate continent was destroyed, several countries rallied together to ban or phase down the use of more than 100 ozone-depleting chemicals.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/supernovas-explosive-end-destroyed-parts-of-ozone-layer-science-news-659556"><strong>Watch |&nbsp;Supernova's explosive end, destroyed parts of Ozone layer | Science News</strong></a></p>

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<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>What does the new report contradict?</strong></h2>

<p>Earlier this year, a report by the United Nations claimed that the ozone layer would be completely healed within two decades&nbsp;as the airborne chemicals that are destroying the atmospheric layer are declining.&nbsp;The chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – once widely used in aerosols and refrigerators, were pointed as the major cause of ozone depletion.&nbsp;</p>

<p>According to the report, the ozone layer will be restored to the 1980 levels by 2040 all over the world,&nbsp;2045 over the Arctic, and by 2066 over the Antarctic.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/ozone-layer-on-course-to-be-recovered-in-next-two-decades-says-un-report-550846"><strong>Also read |&nbsp;Ozone layer on course to be recovered in next two decades, says UN report</strong></a></p>

<p>The report noted that ozone-damaging chlorine declined by 11.5 per cent in the stratosphere between its peak in 1993 and 2020, while bromine declined 14.5 per cent in the stratosphere between its peak in 1999 and 2020.</p>

<p><em><strong>(With inputs from agencies)</strong></em></p>


New research has claimed that the ozone layer hole over the Antarctic might be getting larger, contradicting recent reports claiming it was recovering. The New Zealand researchers behind the study published in the journal Nature Communications on Tuesday (Nov 21) argued that ozone levels have reduced by 26 per cent since 2004 at the core of the hole in the Antarctic springtime.

New research has claimed that the ozone layer hole over the Antarctic might be getting larger, contradicting recent reports claiming it was recovering. The New Zealand researchers behind the study published in the journal Nature Communications on Tuesday (Nov 21) argued that ozone levels have reduced by 26 per cent since 2004 at the core of the hole in the Antarctic springtime. The scientists arrived at the conclusion by analysing the ozone layer's behaviour between September and November using a satellite instrument. After analysis, researchers said six of the last nine years have had really low ozone amounts and extremely large ozone holes over the region. The study cited changes in the Antarctic polar vortex (a vast swirl of low pressure and very cold air, high above the South Pole) as one of the main reasons for ozone depletion. It added that tiny, airborne particles emitted from wildfires and volcanoes and changes in solar cycle were also responsible for the depletion. “This means that the hole has not only remained large in area, but it has also become deeper [i.e. has less ozone] throughout most of the Antarctic spring,” said Hannah Kessenich, the study's lead author. “The especially long-lived ozone holes during 2020-2022 fit squarely into this picture, as the size/depth of the hole during October was particularly notable in all three years.” The ozone layer is responsible for protecting life on Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of our Sun. In 1987, after reports claimed that the ozone layer above the desolate continent was destroyed, several countries rallied together to ban or phase down the use of more than 100 ozone-depleting chemicals. Watch | Supernova's explosive end, destroyed parts of Ozone layer | Science News × What does the new report contradict? Earlier this year, a report by the United Nations claimed that the ozone layer would be completely healed within two decades as the airborne chemicals that are destroying the atmospheric layer are declining. The chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – once widely used in aerosols and refrigerators, were pointed as the major cause of ozone depletion. According to the report, the ozone layer will be restored to the 1980 levels by 2040 all over the world, 2045 over the Arctic, and by 2066 over the Antarctic. Also read | Ozone layer on course to be recovered in next two decades, says UN report The report noted that ozone-damaging chlorine declined by 11.5 per cent in the stratosphere between its peak in 1993 and 2020, while bromine declined 14.5 per cent in the stratosphere between its peak in 1999 and 2020. (With inputs from agencies)

Ozone hole probably getting larger instead of healing as previously claimed, study says

<p>Scientists in the United States successfully 3D-printed hair follicles within lab-grown human skin tissue, a first in the evolving history of biomedical engineering. The results of the study from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of New York were published in the journal Science Advances.</p>

<p>The hair follicles are integral to maintaining body temperature through sweat production and harbor stem cells crucial for skin regeneration.</p>

<h2><strong>What does it mean?</strong></h2>

<p>The feat is groundbreaking. Not just because of the aesthetic significance as a potential cure to baldness but also as a leap forward in regenerative medicine.</p>

<p>The breakthrough also reflects the potential automation of processes in biomanufacturing skin. The 3-D cultivation of human-derived cells demonstrates promise in generating new hair follicles and shafts, and promising advancements in successful skin grafts.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/researchers-examining-hair-may-have-discovered-a-way-to-cure-baldness-and-regenerate-damaged-organs-501430">Researchers examining hair may have found a way to cure baldness and regenerate damaged organs</a></strong></p>

<p>So far, the safety assessments often relied on hairless engineered skin tissues.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The incorporation of hair follicles into skin models provides researchers with a more realistic platform to explore how the skin interacts with various formulations, and thereby paving the way for the testing of more effective treatments for diverse skin conditions.</p>

<h2><strong>How the study was conducted?</strong></h2>

<p>The research team at the Rensselaer Institute used 3D-printing techniques tailored for cellular-level precision.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The process involved cultivating skin and follicle cells until a sufficient quantity of printable cells was obtained.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;WION Climate Tracker: Belgian NGO is recycling human hair to protect the environment</strong></p>

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<p>These cells were then combined with proteins and other materials to create a specialised "bio-ink" for the printer.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Using an ultra-thin needle, the printer deposited the bio-ink layer by layer, simultaneously creating channels for the placement of hair cells. Over time, skin cells migrated to these channels, mimicking the natural follicle structures present in authentic skin.</p>

<h2><strong>What is the bottom-line?</strong></h2>

<p>The breakthrough marks an advancement in the scientific realm of skin tissue engineering. The successful printing of hair follicles with the prospect of 3D-printd skin grafts capable of growing hair is set to shape the future of medical procedures concerning artificial hair transplant.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Scientists in the United States successfully 3D-printed hair follicles within lab-grown human skin tissue, a first in the evolving history of biomedical engineering.

Scientists in the United States successfully 3D-printed hair follicles within lab-grown human skin tissue, a first in the evolving history of biomedical engineering. The results of the study from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of New York were published in the journal Science Advances. The hair follicles are integral to maintaining body temperature through sweat production and harbor stem cells crucial for skin regeneration. What does it mean? The feat is groundbreaking. Not just because of the aesthetic significance as a potential cure to baldness but also as a leap forward in regenerative medicine. The breakthrough also reflects the potential automation of processes in biomanufacturing skin. The 3-D cultivation of human-derived cells demonstrates promise in generating new hair follicles and shafts, and promising advancements in successful skin grafts. Also read | Researchers examining hair may have found a way to cure baldness and regenerate damaged organs So far, the safety assessments often relied on hairless engineered skin tissues. The incorporation of hair follicles into skin models provides researchers with a more realistic platform to explore how the skin interacts with various formulations, and thereby paving the way for the testing of more effective treatments for diverse skin conditions. How the study was conducted? The research team at the Rensselaer Institute used 3D-printing techniques tailored for cellular-level precision. The process involved cultivating skin and follicle cells until a sufficient quantity of printable cells was obtained. Also watch | WION Climate Tracker: Belgian NGO is recycling human hair to protect the environment × These cells were then combined with proteins and other materials to create a specialised "bio-ink" for the printer. Using an ultra-thin needle, the printer deposited the bio-ink layer by layer, simultaneously creating channels for the placement of hair cells. Over time, skin cells migrated to these channels, mimicking the natural follicle structures present in authentic skin. What is the bottom-line? The breakthrough marks an advancement in the scientific realm of skin tissue engineering. The successful printing of hair follicles with the prospect of 3D-printd skin grafts capable of growing hair is set to shape the future of medical procedures concerning artificial hair transplant. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists achieve major leap forward to potential hair-loss cure

<p>Adolescents with conditions of depression have higher levels of specific type of molecules in their blood than those without such conditions, researchers have found. The development may pave the way for early identification of teenagers at risk of depression and prompt interventions.</p>

<p>Depression, a pervasive global mental health challenge, is particularly prevalent among adolescents. The diagnosis and consequential treatment of depression in this age group remains challenging.</p>

<h2><strong>Blood test to diagnose depression? About the study</strong></h2>

<p>The study was conducted at McGill University in Canada. Cecilia Flores and her colleagues analysed the blood samples from 62 teenagers aged 13 to 18 in the United States, including 34 diagnosed with depression.</p>

<p>The researchers measured various micoRNA molecules in the blood, the regulators of gene activity.</p>

<p>After adjusting for variables such as age, sex, and socio-economic status, the team found that teenagers with depression exhibited significantly higher levels of nine specific microRNAs in their blood compared to their non-depressed counterparts.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-the-silent-struggle-the-connection-between-depression-and-creativity--depression-awareness-month-2023-647380">The silent struggle: The connection between depression and creativity</a></strong></p>

<p>These particular microRNA molecules, unique to adolescence, play essential roles in brain development and cognitive processes, according to Cecilia Flores.</p>

<p>Flores presented the findings at the Society for Neuroscience conference in Washington DC on November 13.</p>

<h2><strong>What else did the study show?</strong></h2>

<p>The study showed that increased levels of these identified markers in blood were associated with more severe depressive symptoms nine months after the initial blood samples were taken.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;Excessive use of social media apps can make you lonely and depressed: Study</strong></p>

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<p>"These markers may also help us learn about what is happening in the brain [during adolescent depression]," she was quoted as saying by the NewScientist.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>What does it mean?</strong></h2>

<p>The study marks a significant step toward medical steps to ensure the timely intervention during adolescent depression.</p>

<p>According to a 2021 UNICEF survey, around 14 per cent of 15 to 24-year-olds in India reported frequently feeling depressed or disinterested. The World Health Organization's 2015 report suggested that 4.5 per cent of the Indian population, or over 56 million people, were affected by depressive disorders.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Adolescents with conditions of depression have higher levels of specific type of molecules in their blood than those without such conditions, researchers have found.

Adolescents with conditions of depression have higher levels of specific type of molecules in their blood than those without such conditions, researchers have found. The development may pave the way for early identification of teenagers at risk of depression and prompt interventions. Depression, a pervasive global mental health challenge, is particularly prevalent among adolescents. The diagnosis and consequential treatment of depression in this age group remains challenging. Blood test to diagnose depression? About the study The study was conducted at McGill University in Canada. Cecilia Flores and her colleagues analysed the blood samples from 62 teenagers aged 13 to 18 in the United States, including 34 diagnosed with depression. The researchers measured various micoRNA molecules in the blood, the regulators of gene activity. After adjusting for variables such as age, sex, and socio-economic status, the team found that teenagers with depression exhibited significantly higher levels of nine specific microRNAs in their blood compared to their non-depressed counterparts. Also read | The silent struggle: The connection between depression and creativity These particular microRNA molecules, unique to adolescence, play essential roles in brain development and cognitive processes, according to Cecilia Flores. Flores presented the findings at the Society for Neuroscience conference in Washington DC on November 13. What else did the study show? The study showed that increased levels of these identified markers in blood were associated with more severe depressive symptoms nine months after the initial blood samples were taken. Also watch | Excessive use of social media apps can make you lonely and depressed: Study × "These markers may also help us learn about what is happening in the brain [during adolescent depression]," she was quoted as saying by the NewScientist. What does it mean? The study marks a significant step toward medical steps to ensure the timely intervention during adolescent depression. According to a 2021 UNICEF survey, around 14 per cent of 15 to 24-year-olds in India reported frequently feeling depressed or disinterested. The World Health Organization's 2015 report suggested that 4.5 per cent of the Indian population, or over 56 million people, were affected by depressive disorders. (With inputs from agencies)

Blood test to diagnose depression among teens? Scientists reach key breakthrough

<p>A pilot named Thomas shared a breathtaking video capturing the ethereal Northern Lights, also known as the 'Aurora Borealis.' The mesmerising footage, posted on Instagram, had so many vibrant colours in it.</p>

<p>The Northern Lights are a natural light display that occurs in the polar regions of the Earth. This stunning phenomenon is known for its colourful lights that dance across the night sky in vibrant hues, such as green, pink, purple, and red.</p>

<p>Thomas, the awe-struck pilot, described the intensity of the Aurora Borealis in his caption, saying it was the most stunning display he had ever witnessed.</p>

<p>"The most intense Aurora Borealis I have ever seen! Absolutely stunning Aurora Borealis last night. Vibrant, bright curtains of green and red ionized atmosphere. So intense, it was even visible from the Netherlands, a very rare sight," the pilot wrote in an&nbsp;Instagram post.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/musks-starship-launched-again-after-april-setback-660144">Starship reaches space for 1st time, but loses contact with SpaceX minutes later</a></p>

<p>The Northern Lights are caused by the interaction between charged particles from the sun, primarily electrons and protons, and the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere.</p>

<p>When these charged particles collide with gas molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, particularly oxygen and nitrogen, they emit light. The different colours result from the type of gas particles involved and the altitude at which the collisions occur.</p>

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<p>The video has garnered widespread attention, leaving viewers mesmerised by the incredible sight. Many marveled at the sheer luck required to witness such a celestial display in the sky.</p>

<h2><strong>Netizens react&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>"Dude, your office view is better than mine," one user wrote on the post.&nbsp;Another asked, "Can you even focus on flying with such a view? I mean, if you are on approach, it could really distract you with such wonder."</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earth-without-oxygen-this-is-when-our-planet-will-lose-an-oxygen-rich-atmosphere-660107">Earth without oxygen? This is when our planet will lose an oxygen-rich atmosphere</a></p>

<p>The pilot responded, "It does a little, however during approach you have to push it from your mind and concentrate on the task at hand."</p>

<p><strong>Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/israel-palestine-war-journalist-from-al-aqsa-hospital-from-gaza-660156">Israel-Palestine war: Journalist from Al-Aqsa hospital from Gaza</a></strong></p>

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<p>On a recent EasyJet flight from Iceland to Manchester, passengers enjoyed a distinctive experience as the pilot executed a complete 360-degree turn to provide everyone with a closer view of the Northern Lights. The flight at the time was en route from Reykjavik, Iceland’s capital, to Manchester, media reports said.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


A pilot named Thomas shared a breathtaking video capturing the ethereal Northern Lights, also known as the 'Aurora Borealis.' The mesmerising footage, posted on Instagram, had so many vibrant colours in it.

A pilot named Thomas shared a breathtaking video capturing the ethereal Northern Lights, also known as the 'Aurora Borealis.' The mesmerising footage, posted on Instagram, had so many vibrant colours in it. The Northern Lights are a natural light display that occurs in the polar regions of the Earth. This stunning phenomenon is known for its colourful lights that dance across the night sky in vibrant hues, such as green, pink, purple, and red. Thomas, the awe-struck pilot, described the intensity of the Aurora Borealis in his caption, saying it was the most stunning display he had ever witnessed. "The most intense Aurora Borealis I have ever seen! Absolutely stunning Aurora Borealis last night. Vibrant, bright curtains of green and red ionized atmosphere. So intense, it was even visible from the Netherlands, a very rare sight," the pilot wrote in an Instagram post. Also Read | Starship reaches space for 1st time, but loses contact with SpaceX minutes later The Northern Lights are caused by the interaction between charged particles from the sun, primarily electrons and protons, and the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere. When these charged particles collide with gas molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, particularly oxygen and nitrogen, they emit light. The different colours result from the type of gas particles involved and the altitude at which the collisions occur. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Thomas (@pilot_astro) × The video has garnered widespread attention, leaving viewers mesmerised by the incredible sight. Many marveled at the sheer luck required to witness such a celestial display in the sky. Netizens react "Dude, your office view is better than mine," one user wrote on the post. Another asked, "Can you even focus on flying with such a view? I mean, if you are on approach, it could really distract you with such wonder." Also Read | Earth without oxygen? This is when our planet will lose an oxygen-rich atmosphere The pilot responded, "It does a little, however during approach you have to push it from your mind and concentrate on the task at hand." Watch | Israel-Palestine war: Journalist from Al-Aqsa hospital from Gaza × On a recent EasyJet flight from Iceland to Manchester, passengers enjoyed a distinctive experience as the pilot executed a complete 360-degree turn to provide everyone with a closer view of the Northern Lights. The flight at the time was en route from Reykjavik, Iceland’s capital, to Manchester, media reports said. (With inputs from agencies)

WATCH | Pilot's spellbinding encounter with Northern Lights from cockpit takes internet by storm

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