YEARENDER 2025: Here are the most Instagrammable international destinations Indians travelled to this year

The year 2025 was marked by intensifying global conflicts, major political upsets, rapid advances in technology and youth-led protests worldwide. From prolonged wars and deadly disasters to landmark elections and social movements, here are the top 10 events that shocked the world in 2025.

Year-Ender 2025: A year that made headlines with wars, geopolitics, deaths and technology

From Trump’s headline-grabbing presidency to a Muslim New York mayor, explosive Epstein revelations, a death sentence. These were the names that defined 2025 and kept the world watching.

Trump, Epstein, Mamdani and more: 2025’s most talked-about people

The year 2025 witnessed a powerful resurgence of mass protests and popular movements across the globe as millions of people hit the streets to vent their anger over economic hardships, political instability, governance failures, social injustice, and breakdown of democratic rights. The protests marked a global pattern of civic unrest shaped by inflation, unemployment, and inequality.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/yearender-2025-the-year-of-wars-tariff-turmoil-and-climate-disasters-1766568207775">Yearender 2025: The year of wars, tariff turmoil, and climate disasters</a><h2>Why did protests intensify globally in 2025?&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;Several common factors fuelled protests worldwide, including economic pressure amid rising prices of food, fuel, and housing. Besides, political discontent amid declining trust in political institutions and leaders and mobilisation of youth also sparked demonstrations.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/-yunus-govt-destroyed-bangladesh-giving-security-to-goons-terrorists-former-mp-1766665361993">‘Yunus govt destroyed Bangladesh, giving security to goons, terrorists’: Former MP</a>&nbsp;<h2>Gen Z-led protests in Nepal brought 1st female PM in power</h2>&nbsp;The protests in Nepal turned out to be the most significant, as tens of thousands of citizens, mostly Gen Z youths, fed up by political instability since the 2008 abolition of the monarchy, staged mass demonstrations demanding political reform, accountability, and economic justice. The simmering anger and public frustration reached a tipping point after a ban on social media, and protests erupted in Kathmandu and other major cities. The protests by students, workers, professionals, and civil society groups&nbsp;were largely peaceful but massive, demanding an end to corruption, electoral reforms, better employment opportunities, and accountability from political leaders.&nbsp;In less than 48 hours, protesters forced the overthrow of the government.&nbsp;Prime Minister KP Oli resigned on Sept. 9. Nepal got its first female prime minister in Sushila Karki, who was also the country’s first female chief justice. Her appointment came after online polls on the chat portal Discord saw thousands supporting her, citing her record of taking on the corrupt and elite.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/-targeted-for-criticising-asim-munir-imran-khan-s-aide-assaulted-in-uk-nose-and-jaw-broken-1766661743804">‘Targeted for criticising Asim Munir’: Imran Khan’s aide assaulted in UK; nose and jaw broken</a>&nbsp;<h2>Mass anti-corruption protests forced Bulgaria PM to resign</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;Bulgaria’s Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov resigned after mass street protests over the government’s economic policies and failure to tackle corruption. Tens of thousands of Bulgarians had rallied in the capital, Sofia, and dozens of other towns and cities across the country in the latest in a series of rolling demonstrations giving vent to the public’s growing frustration.Protesters chanted “Resign” and held up “I’m fed up!” signs featuring caricatures of politicians.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Millions join mass ‘No Kings’ anti-Trump protests</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

A person dressed in a Statue of Liberty costume participates in a “No Kings” national day of protest in New York

&nbsp;&nbsp;‘No Kings’ protests took place across the US opposing President Donald Trump’s alleged one-man rule and accusations that the president is behaving more like a monarch than an elected official. Millions joined more than 2,500 demonstrations calling for limits to presidential power as protesters accused the Trump administration of authoritarian policies like immigration crackdowns and mass firings of federal workers, besides attacks on the media and judicial independence. Protesters carried signs that read, “No crowns, No kings.”&nbsp;The protesters decried immigration detentions carried out by Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents and the Trump administration’s aggressive slashing of federal education resources and environmental protections, among other concerns.&nbsp;Republicans dismissed the protests as ‘Hate America’ rallies.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/pakistan-pm-s-adviser-rejects-claims-of-pia-being-sold-at-less-value-says-new-owners-to-run-airline-from-april-1766588987477">Pakistan PM‘s adviser rejects claims of PIA being sold at less value, says new owners to run airline from April</a>&nbsp;<h2>‘Unite the Kingdom’ protesters flood London streets</h2>&nbsp;UK’s far-right activist Tommy Robinson drew a massive crowd, said to be in six figures, in his anti-immigrant ‘Unite the Kingdom’ rally, marking the discontent against the government on the immigrants and asylum issues in the country. Tens of thousands of people marched, leading to sporadic clashes with police. The marchers came for what was called a “festival of free speech”, but the speeches at the event were largely racist conspiracy theories and anti-Muslim comments. Robinson told the crowd that migrants had more rights in court than the “British public, the people that built this nation.”&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/pm-modi-unveils-massive-statues-at-rashtra-prerna-sthal-in-lucknow-watch-1766669648209">PM Modi unveils 65-feet-high statues at Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow | Watch</a>&nbsp;Some speakers, including far-right politicians from Europe, also addressed the rally. French politician Eric Zemmour said, “We are both subject to the same process of the great replacement of our European people by peoples coming from the south and of Muslim culture, you and we are being colonised by our former colonies.”&nbsp;Elon Musk also joined by video and criticised the UK government. “What I see happening here is a destruction of Britain, initially a slow erosion, but rapidly increasing erosion of Britain with massive uncontrolled migration,” he said.&nbsp;Participants in the march carried St George’s flags and the union jack and chanted, “We want our country back.” Some protesters held placards saying “stop the boats,” “send them home,” and “enough is enough, save our children.”Counter-protesters carried signs that read “Refugees welcome” and “Smash the far right,” while chanting “Stand up, fight back.”&nbsp;<h2>Peeved locals hit the streets against ‘overtourism’</h2>&nbsp;Thousands of citizens took to the streets of cities in southern Europe to demonstrate against ‘overtourism’, firing water pistols at shop windows and setting off smoke in Barcelona, where the main protest took place.“Your holidays, my misery,” protesters chanted in the streets of Barcelona while holding up banners emblazoned with slogans such as “mass tourism kills the city” and “their greed brings us ruin”.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Locals hold a banner reading, ‘Enough saturation, the city for those who live in it’ during protest against overtourism

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Protesters in Portugal and Italy also argued that uncontrolled tourism was sending housing prices soaring and forcing people out of their neighbourhoods.Barcelona, a city of 1.6 million, drew 26 million tourists last year.Around 600 people joined the demonstration, firing water pistols or setting off coloured smoke and putting stickers saying ‘Neighbourhood self-defence, tourist go home’ on shop windows and hotels.&nbsp;<h2>Farmers’ protests in India</h2>&nbsp;India, the world’s largest democracy, also witnessed some waves of protests, reflecting the diversity of its society.Farmers continued their protests demanding Minimum Support Price (MSP) guarantees and turned up in large numbers near Delhi borders and in agricultural states of Punjab and Haryana.Protests in India highlighted strong democratic participation and a vibrant society.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Protests over Gaza conflict</h2>&nbsp;Mass protests were held across the world against the Gaza War and the hardships faced by Palestinians amid a shortage of food, essentials and medicines, but ended after the ceasefire came into effect.&nbsp;<h2>How social media and technology changed protests</h2>&nbsp;Technology and social media played a major role in most mass protests across the globe. They helped in online mobilisation, livestreaming of demonstrations and citizen journalism as digital platforms reduced reliance on traditional leadership.

The protests in Nepal turned out to be the most significant, as tens of thousands of citizens, mostly Gen Z youths, fed up by political instability since the 2008 abolition of the monarchy, staged mass demonstrations demanding political reform, accountability, and economic justice.

The year 2025 witnessed a powerful resurgence of mass protests and popular movements across the globe as millions of people hit the streets to vent their anger over economic hardships, political instability, governance failures, social injustice, and breakdown of democratic rights. The protests marked a global pattern of civic unrest shaped by inflation, unemployment, and inequality. Also Read: Yearender 2025: The year of wars, tariff turmoil, and climate disasters Why did protests intensify globally in 2025? Several common factors fuelled protests worldwide, including economic pressure amid rising prices of food, fuel, and housing. Besides, political discontent amid declining trust in political institutions and leaders and mobilisation of youth also sparked demonstrations. Also Read: ‘Yunus govt destroyed Bangladesh, giving security to goons, terrorists’: Former MP Gen Z-led protests in Nepal brought 1st female PM in power The protests in Nepal turned out to be the most significant, as tens of thousands of citizens, mostly Gen Z youths, fed up by political instability since the 2008 abolition of the monarchy, staged mass demonstrations demanding political reform, accountability, and economic justice. The simmering anger and public frustration reached a tipping point after a ban on social media, and protests erupted in Kathmandu and other major cities. The protests by students, workers, professionals, and civil society groups were largely peaceful but massive, demanding an end to corruption, electoral reforms, better employment opportunities, and accountability from political leaders. In less than 48 hours, protesters forced the overthrow of the government. Prime Minister KP Oli resigned on Sept. 9. Nepal got its first female prime minister in Sushila Karki, who was also the country’s first female chief justice. Her appointment came after online polls on the chat portal Discord saw thousands supporting her, citing her record of taking on the corrupt and elite. Also Read: ‘Targeted for criticising Asim Munir’: Imran Khan’s aide assaulted in UK; nose and jaw broken Mass anti-corruption protests forced Bulgaria PM to resign Bulgaria’s Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov resigned after mass street protests over the government’s economic policies and failure to tackle corruption. Tens of thousands of Bulgarians had rallied in the capital, Sofia, and dozens of other towns and cities across the country in the latest in a series of rolling demonstrations giving vent to the public’s growing frustration. Protesters chanted “Resign” and held up “I’m fed up!” signs featuring caricatures of politicians. Millions join mass ‘No Kings’ anti-Trump protests

The protests in Nepal turned out to be the most significant, as tens of thousands of citizens, mostly Gen Z youths, fed up by political instability since the 2008 abolition of the monarchy, staged mass demonstrations demanding political reform, accountability, and economic justice.

Yearender 2025: The year dissent and angst triggered mass protests worldwide

The year 2025 witnessed five memorable hat-tricks across cricket formats, with bowlers delivering match-turning performances in IPL, ODIs, T10, and women’s international tournaments.


Yearender 2025: 5 stunning hat-tricks in world cricket across formats, you won't believe who is at no.3

India is among the fastest growing major economies of the world, with latest data showing robust GDP growth (8.2% in Q2 FY 2025-26). And with its consistent growth it is poised to become the world's third-largest economy soon. But what are the factors that have led to this exceptional growth.? In the recent years the Bharatiya Janata Party under Prime Minister Narendra Modi have take some hard decision related to the economy to reach this position. Here we take a look at a few announcements made this year that have contributed immensely to the growth of the country.<h2>New GST</h2>PM Modi announced comprehensive GST reforms to ease the burden of taxes on day-to-day use items and individual requirement services, thus greatly helping MSMEs. These reforms were implemented on Diwali 2025. The 12% and 28% slabs were brought down to two rates of 5% and 18% respectively, plus a 40% rate for luxury goods, effective September 22, 2025.This was done to boost consumption, ease business, and provide relief to the middle class.<h2>No tax up to 12 lakh for salaried</h2>The Union Budget 2025-26, tabled by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced an across-the-board change in tax slabs and rates to benefit all tax-payers. Under the new tax regime there is no income tax on income up to ₹12 lakh. This gave more money in the pockets of the salaried and helped increase their spending.<h2>Incentive for first-time private sector employees</h2>A new employment scheme was introduced by the BJP government. First-time job seekers, under this initiative, will receive private-sector employment of Rs 15,000 from the government. Additionally, companies are incentivised to create more jobs for freshers.The government allocated ₹1 lakh crore for its implementation and the scheme came into effect on August 1.<h2>Mission Sudarshan Chakra – Advanced Defence System</h2>Inspired by the mythical weapon Sudarshan Chakra of the Hindu God lord Krishna, India will launch its indigenous defence initiative to develop a powerful and modern defence system, like the Iron Dome of Israel.<h2>Made-in-India Semiconductor Chips by Year-End</h2>PM Modi announced India's first indigenously developed semiconductor chip. India has six semiconductor chips already functioning, while four more are approved. This move marks a significant step towards technological self-reliance .&nbsp;

The Union Budget 2025-26, tabled by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced an across-the-board change in tax slabs and rates to benefit all tax-payers. 

India is among the fastest growing major economies of the world, with latest data showing robust GDP growth (8.2% in Q2 FY 2025-26). And with its consistent growth it is poised to become the world's third-largest economy soon. But what are the factors that have led to this exceptional growth.? In the recent years the Bharatiya Janata Party under Prime Minister Narendra Modi have take some hard decision related to the economy to reach this position. Here we take a look at a few announcements made this year that have contributed immensely to the growth of the country. New GST PM Modi announced comprehensive GST reforms to ease the burden of taxes on day-to-day use items and individual requirement services, thus greatly helping MSMEs. These reforms were implemented on Diwali 2025. The 12% and 28% slabs were brought down to two rates of 5% and 18% respectively, plus a 40% rate for luxury goods, effective September 22, 2025. This was done to boost consumption, ease business, and provide relief to the middle class. No tax up to 12 lakh for salaried The Union Budget 2025-26, tabled by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced an across-the-board change in tax slabs and rates to benefit all tax-payers. Under the new tax regime there is no income tax on income up to ₹12 lakh. This gave more money in the pockets of the salaried and helped increase their spending. Incentive for first-time private sector employees A new employment scheme was introduced by the BJP government. First-time job seekers, under this initiative, will receive private-sector employment of Rs 15,000 from the government. Additionally, companies are incentivised to create more jobs for freshers. The government allocated ₹1 lakh crore for its implementation and the scheme came into effect on August 1. Mission Sudarshan Chakra – Advanced Defence System Inspired by the mythical weapon Sudarshan Chakra of the Hindu God lord Krishna, India will launch its indigenous defence initiative to develop a powerful and modern defence system, like the Iron Dome of Israel. Made-in-India Semiconductor Chips by Year-End PM Modi announced India's first indigenously developed semiconductor chip. India has six semiconductor chips already functioning, while four more are approved. This move marks a significant step towards technological self-reliance .

The Union Budget 2025-26, tabled by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced an across-the-board change in tax slabs and rates to benefit all tax-payers.&nbsp;

Year-Ender 2025: Biggest announcements by Modi government that shaped India

The year 2025 turned out to be quite eventful as the world witnessed several instances that were never even thought to be probable. The year brought some respite from war as the armed conflict in Gaza finally ended, and Palestinians look ahead at resuming life and look ahead to the reconstruction of the ruins left behind by the conflict triggered by the highly audacious and highly disastrous attack by Hamas on Israel that wiped out the top leadership of the group.&nbsp;&nbsp;Let’s look back at the 10 most important events in the year.&nbsp;1. The Trump 2.0 era begins; tariffs trigger turmoil in global economy&nbsp;The year began with Donald J. Trump starting his second term in the White House after a sweeping victory and unleashing mayhem with his bombastic statements and tariffs against several countries, just as he had promised in his campaign. Trump revelled in success as several nations, big and small, buckled and surrendered to his diktats, except a few, including India and China, and indulged in brazen self-adoration. The impact of the tariff war led to the weakening of dollar, and prices of precious metals reaching record highs due to currency fluctuations.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/trinamool-shielding-illegal-immigrants-time-to-end-maha-jungle-raj-in-bengal-pm-modi-1766239038996">Trinamool shielding illegal immigrants, time to end ‘maha jungle raj’ in Bengal: PM Modi</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Pahalgam terror attack, and India-Pakistan Conflict (May 2025)&nbsp;Terror sponsors in Pakistan and terror groups planned a strike to break the long lull in terror attacks in Kashmir since the abrogation of Article 370, accompanied by a crackdown on terror groups and their backers. There was growing unease in Pakistan after assembly elections were held peacefully in Jammu and Kashmir, and tourism was on the upswing. In the horrific attack on April 22, the terrorists asked about the faith of individuals, segregated Hindus, and shot them in the head from close range.India declared that it would respond to the terror attack, and it did in early May with Operation Sindoor, a coordinated military offensive with precision strikes on terror infrastructure across the Line of Control and inside Pakistani territory.&nbsp;Pakistan responded to the attacks on terror bases that resulted in one of the most alarming geopolitical flashpoints of 2025, as the conflict between the nuclear-armed neighbours involved missiles, drones, and counter-shelling. A full-scale war was averted when the Pakistani DGMO called his counterpart and pleaded for cessation after satellite imagery showed damages to Pakistani airfields and hangars, but the brief conflict underscored the fragility of peace in the region and beyond.&nbsp;3. Israel-Iran War (June 2025)&nbsp;The age-old hostilities between Israel and Iran erupted into an explicit military conflict. Israel launched an aerial offensive on June 13&nbsp;against Iranian nuclear and military sites, targeting Tehran’s military leadership and nuclear ambitions. Iran retaliated by attacking Israel with ballistic missiles and drones. The US too entered the war, with its bombers conducting strategic strikes on key Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities. The conflict lasted for 12 days, and a ceasefire was announced on June 24.&nbsp;&nbsp;lso Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/epstein-files-release-2019-grand-jury-testimony-outlines-abuse-by-je-in-new-york-florida-1766259298900">Epstein files release: 2019 grand jury testimony outlines abuse by ‘JE’ in New York, Florida</a>&nbsp;4. Israel-Hamas Ceasefire (October 2025)&nbsp;&nbsp;A ceasefire was finally brokered between Israel and Hamas by the US and came into effect on October 10, bringing a pause to the intense violence and humanitarian crisis. It was a big relief for civilians in Gaza who had endured fear, displacement, and severe shortages of food, water, and medical care. The delivery of aid resumed, and the security threats on all sides were reduced, lowering the risk to civilians living near the conflict zone. However, issues like the disarmament of Hamas, political control in Gaza, and security concerns are among the key grievances that remain unresolved, and uncertainty continues about how long the calm will last. However, the ceasefire was important as it saved further loss of lives, allowed humanitarian access, and reinforced the need for a lasting and just peace.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/-after-all-shri-hanuman-finally-serves-replies-eam-when-asked-if-india-needs-more-than-one-jaishankar-1766243874365">‘After all, Shri Hanuman finally serves…,’ replies EAM when asked if India needs more than one Jaishankar? WATCH</a>&nbsp;5. Afghanistan-Pakistan Border Conflict (October 2025)&nbsp;In October 2025, clashes erupted between Afghanistan and Pakistan, the deadliest since the Taliban’s return to power in 2021. A series of ground and aerial attacks unfolded from October 11-19 after tensions escalated over militant activity and cross-border security operations.On the intervening night of October 11-12, Taliban fighters reportedly attacked multiple Pakistani military posts. Pakistan’s military claimed its troops killed over 200 Taliban and affiliated fighters while it lost 23 soldiers. Islamabad said it conducted a series of precision airstrikes and raids on Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan positions in Afghan territory in response and triggered militant retaliation and cross-border exchanges.The major border crossings at Torkham and Chaman were closed consequently, severely affecting trade and causing economic disruption on both sides that led to price hike for essential goods. Both governments agreed to a temporary ceasefire on October 15 after prodding by regional mediators including Qatar and Turkey. Islamabad demands that Kabul crack down on Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other militant groups allegedly operating from Afghan soil.Mutual distrust remains high, as unresolved security concerns and counter narratives on border sovereignty continue to fuel one of South Asia’s most volatile frontiers. Pakistan claims the Durand Line as the official international boundary, but Afghanistan questions its legitimacy.The mountainous and porous border makes monitoring hard and allows armed groups to move between the two countries. Pakistan accuses militant groups based in Afghanistan of carrying out attacks on its territory, while Kabul blames Islamabad for sheltering insurgent groups that destabilise Afghanistan.&nbsp;6. Renewed conflict between Thailand-Cambodia (July 24–28)&nbsp;Armed clashes between Thailand and Cambodia along the disputed border zones marked the most violent episode between the two nations in over a decade. The conflict due to historical territorial disputes arising out of the colonial-era demarcation resulted in several deaths and massive displacement of the civilian populations.&nbsp;A ceasefire was reached on July 28 after negotiations in Malaysia in the presence of ASEAN and international mediators, but the flare-up once again highlighted the potential for conflicts to reignite in South Asia.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/hindu-rickshaw-puller-wearing-red-thread-branded-raw-agent-assaulted-by-mob-in-bangladesh-1766322679454">Hindu rickshaw puller wearing red thread branded ‘RAW agent’, assaulted by mob in Bangladesh</a>&nbsp;7.&nbsp;Congo War, and other protracted conflicts&nbsp;Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo witnessed one of the most volatile theatres of conflict in Africa after the rebel group M23 launched an offensive to capture Goma, the strategic capital of North Kivu province. The offensive by M23, which was supported by Rwandan forces, in late January marked a significant escalation in the decades-long conflict over land, ethnicity, and mineral wealth, especially in minerals critical to global tech supply chains. A peace agreement brokered by the US&nbsp;was signed in Washington in December, but fighting continued in many regions. However, the wars in Ukraine, Sudan, and Myanmar did not see any pause and still continue. President Donald Trump, who used to claim that he would end the Russia-Ukraine War within a day of assuming office failed miserably and vented his ire at Russian leader Vladimir Putin, who persistently stuck to his stance and terms for ending the war and did not yield even after US threats of more severe sanctions. Trump envoys are still continuing their efforts without much success till now.&nbsp;8. The Arab-Islamic Summit in Doha (September 2025)&nbsp;&nbsp;

Israel carried out airstrikes targeting senior Hamas leaders in the Qatari capital Doha

&nbsp;&nbsp;After Israel launched airstrikes targeting the Hamas leadership in Qatar, a summit of Arab and Islamic states was convened on September 15, 2025, in Doha, Qatar. The Israeli airstrike on September 9 targeted a venue where Hamas negotiators were meeting. The summit brought together leaders from the Arab League and Organization of Islamic Cooperation to coordinate responses to Israeli actions and demand a cessation of hostilities. They called for better Arab-Islamic cooperation to confront external threats and promote stability and reiterated support for Palestinian rights and peaceful conflict resolution efforts.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/-divine-intervention-helped-pakistan-during-may-conflict-with-india-asim-munir-1766337259952">‘Divine intervention’ helped Pakistan during May conflict with India: Asim Munir</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;9. Saudi-Pakistan Strategic Defence Pact (September 2025)In a major shift, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed a strategic defence agreement in September 2025 which was widely viewed as a response to certain gaps in security guarantees amid global strategic changes following reduced US involvement in regional conflicts. It aimed to deepen military cooperation, joint training, and collective defence mechanisms. The pact reflected the anxieties among regional powers about the shifting priorities in the US foreign policy.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/fadnavis-mocks-uddhav-raj-thackeray-reunion-says-as-if-russia-and-ukraine-came-together-1766575337248">Fadnavis mocks Uddhav-Raj Thackeray reunion, says, ‘As if Russia and Ukraine came together’</a>&nbsp;10. Extreme weather events and climate disasters&nbsp;Climate-related disasters also resulted in huge loss of life and property in 2025, which is likely to be one of the hottest years on record. The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) said in its December bulletin that 2025 is “virtually certain” to finish as either the second- or third-warmest year since records began around 1850. As a result of climate change, some deadly flooding and storms created havoc.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Several girls went missing from a riverside summer camp after flash floods in Texas

In the US, flash floods struck central Texas resulting in the loss of over a 100 lives, while deadly storms killed more than 1,800 in Asia.More than 1,800 people died and some 1.2 million were left stranded after two overlapping tropical cyclones—Ditwah and Senyar—hit Indonesia’s Sumatra region and Peninsular Malaysia, triggering deadly floods and landslides. It was one of the deadliest weather-related disasters in recent history.The year became one of the costliest on record for weather catastrophes, with damages exceeding $200 billion.

The year began with Donald J. Trump starting his second term in the White House after a sweeping victory and unleashing mayhem with his bombastic statements and tariffs against several countries, just as he had promised in his campaign.

The year 2025 turned out to be quite eventful as the world witnessed several instances that were never even thought to be probable. The year brought some respite from war as the armed conflict in Gaza finally ended, and Palestinians look ahead at resuming life and look ahead to the reconstruction of the ruins left behind by the conflict triggered by the highly audacious and highly disastrous attack by Hamas on Israel that wiped out the top leadership of the group. Let’s look back at the 10 most important events in the year. 1. The Trump 2.0 era begins; tariffs trigger turmoil in global economy The year began with Donald J. Trump starting his second term in the White House after a sweeping victory and unleashing mayhem with his bombastic statements and tariffs against several countries, just as he had promised in his campaign. Trump revelled in success as several nations, big and small, buckled and surrendered to his diktats, except a few, including India and China, and indulged in brazen self-adoration. The impact of the tariff war led to the weakening of dollar, and prices of precious metals reaching record highs due to currency fluctuations. Also Read: Trinamool shielding illegal immigrants, time to end ‘maha jungle raj’ in Bengal: PM Modi 2. Pahalgam terror attack, and India-Pakistan Conflict (May 2025) Terror sponsors in Pakistan and terror groups planned a strike to break the long lull in terror attacks in Kashmir since the abrogation of Article 370, accompanied by a crackdown on terror groups and their backers. There was growing unease in Pakistan after assembly elections were held peacefully in Jammu and Kashmir, and tourism was on the upswing. In the horrific attack on April 22, the terrorists asked about the faith of individuals, segregated Hindus, and shot them in the head from close range. India declared that it would respond to the terror attack, and it did in early May with Operation Sindoor, a coordinated military offensive with precision strikes on terror infrastructure across the Line of Control and inside Pakistani territory. Pakistan responded to the attacks on terror bases that resulted in one of the most alarming geopolitical flashpoints of 2025, as the conflict between the nuclear-armed neighbours involved missiles, drones, and counter-shelling. A full-scale war was averted when the Pakistani DGMO called his counterpart and pleaded for cessation after satellite imagery showed damages to Pakistani airfields and hangars, but the brief conflict underscored the fragility of peace in the region and beyond. 3. Israel-Iran War (June 2025) The age-old hostilities between Israel and Iran erupted into an explicit military conflict. Israel launched an aerial offensive on June 13 against Iranian nuclear and military sites, targeting Tehran’s military leadership and nuclear ambitions. Iran retaliated by attacking Israel with ballistic missiles and drones. The US too entered the war, with its bombers conducting strategic strikes on key Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities. The conflict lasted for 12 days, and a ceasefire was announced on June 24. lso Read: Epstein files release: 2019 grand jury testimony outlines abuse by ‘JE’ in New York, Florida 4. Israel-Hamas Ceasefire (October 2025) A ceasefire was finally brokered between Israel and Hamas by the US and came into effect on October 10, bringing a pause to the intense violence and humanitarian crisis. It was a big relief for civilians in Gaza who had endured fear, displacement, and severe shortages of food, water, and medical care. The delivery of aid resumed, and the security threats on all sides were reduced, lowering the risk to civilians living near the conflict zone. However, issues like the disarmament of Hamas, political control in Gaza, and security concerns are among the key grievances that remain unresolved, and uncertainty continues about how long the calm will last. However, the ceasefire was important as it saved further loss of lives, allowed humanitarian access, and reinforced the need for a lasting and just peace. Also Read: ‘After all, Shri Hanuman finally serves…,’ replies EAM when asked if India needs more than one Jaishankar? WATCH 5. Afghanistan-Pakistan Border Conflict (October 2025) In October 2025, clashes erupted between Afghanistan and Pakistan, the deadliest since the Taliban’s return to power in 2021. A series of ground and aerial attacks unfolded from October 11-19 after tensions escalated over militant activity and cross-border security operations. On the intervening night of October 11-12, Taliban fighters reportedly attacked multiple Pakistani military posts. Pakistan’s military claimed its troops killed over 200 Taliban and affiliated fighters while it lost 23 soldiers. Islamabad said it conducted a series of precision airstrikes and raids on Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan positions in Afghan territory in response and triggered militant retaliation and cross-border exchanges. The major border crossings at Torkham and Chaman were closed consequently, severely affecting trade and causing economic disruption on both sides that led to price hike for essential goods. Both governments agreed to a temporary ceasefire on October 15 after prodding by regional mediators including Qatar and Turkey. Islamabad demands that Kabul crack down on Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other militant groups allegedly operating from Afghan soil. Mutual distrust remains high, as unresolved security concerns and counter narratives on border sovereignty continue to fuel one of South Asia’s most volatile frontiers. Pakistan claims the Durand Line as the official international boundary, but Afghanistan questions its legitimacy. The mountainous and porous border makes monitoring hard and allows armed groups to move between the two countries. Pakistan accuses militant groups based in Afghanistan of carrying out attacks on its territory, while Kabul blames Islamabad for sheltering insurgent groups that destabilise Afghanistan. 6. Renewed conflict between Thailand-Cambodia (July 24–28) Armed clashes between Thailand and Cambodia along the disputed border zones marked the most violent episode between the two nations in over a decade. The conflict due to historical territorial disputes arising out of the colonial-era demarcation resulted in several deaths and massive displacement of the civilian populations. A ceasefire was reached on July 28 after negotiations in Malaysia in the presence of ASEAN and international mediators, but the flare-up once again highlighted the potential for conflicts to reignite in South Asia. Also Read: Hindu rickshaw puller wearing red thread branded ‘RAW agent’, assaulted by mob in Bangladesh 7. Congo War, and other protracted conflicts Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo witnessed one of the most volatile theatres of conflict in Africa after the rebel group M23 launched an offensive to capture Goma, the strategic capital of North Kivu province. The offensive by M23, which was supported by Rwandan forces, in late January marked a significant escalation in the decades-long conflict over land, ethnicity, and mineral wealth, especially in minerals critical to global tech supply chains. A peace agreement brokered by the US was signed in Washington in December, but fighting continued in many regions. However, the wars in Ukraine, Sudan, and Myanmar did not see any pause and still continue. President Donald Trump, who used to claim that he would end the Russia-Ukraine War within a day of assuming office failed miserably and vented his ire at Russian leader Vladimir Putin, who persistently stuck to his stance and terms for ending the war and did not yield even after US threats of more severe sanctions. Trump envoys are still continuing their efforts without much success till now. 8. The Arab-Islamic Summit in Doha (September 2025)

The year began with Donald J. Trump starting his second term in the White House after a sweeping victory and unleashing mayhem with his bombastic statements and tariffs against several countries, just as he had promised in his campaign.

Yearender 2025: The year of wars, tariff turmoil, and climate disasters

For years, Indian chess stood on the cusp of something historic. In 2025, it finally arrived. What unfolded over twelve months wasn’t merely a run of good results or a lucky streak of prodigies; it was a full-scale transformation, systemic, cultural, and emotional, that redefined India’s place in the global chess order. From world titles to teenage grandmasters, from hosting major global events to dominating junior championships, Indian chess experienced a surge that felt less like a trend and more like a takeover.&nbsp;The rise was not sudden. But the culmination, the confluence of triumphs in 2025, made it feel as if everything had aligned: talent, infrastructure, fan interest, technology, and opportunity. The year will likely be remembered as the most significant since Viswanathan Anand first created the blueprint of Indian ambition. This time, the scale was bigger, the pool deeper, and the impact more far-reaching. And at the centre of this seismic year stood a teenager with fearlessness in her eyes and steel in her moves: Divya Deshmukh.<h2>The year of a new queen</h2>If Indian chess was waiting for a moment that captured its growing dominance in a single frame, it came in early 2025, when 19-year-old Divya Deshmukh defeated the experienced Koneru Humpy in a nail-biting tiebreak to win the FIDE Women’s World Cup. The championship had everything: the drama of rapid tiebreaks, the symbolism of an Indian final, and the crowning of a young champion who became a Grandmaster with that victory. For years, India celebrated individual brilliance in women’s chess. In 2025, it saw generational renewal right before its eyes. Divya’s win wasn’t a fairy tale; it was a statement, that India’s new wave had arrived, and it was ready to take on the world.&nbsp;Her journey, starting from local tournaments in Nagpur to the world stage, embodied the Indian chess story: talented children nurtured in academies, mentored by strong coaches, supported by parents who believed in early exposure to competitive play, and amplified by technology that connected them to the world’s best. In Divya’s triumph, India didn’t just see a champion. It saw a future.<h2>The unstoppable tide of young grandmasters</h2>India’s conveyor belt of grandmasters continued at a frightening pace in 2025. The numbers themselves became headlines. Srihari LR became India’s 86th Grandmaster; Ilamparthi AR, just 16, completed his norms to become the 90th; Raahul VS soon followed as the 91st. Each new GM was more than a statistic; it was evidence of how deeply chess had penetrated training centres, schools, and online learning platforms. India entered 2025 with the world’s fastest-growing pool of elite junior talent, and the year only widened the gap.&nbsp;But the most significant youth achievement came from GM Pranav Venkatesh, who produced a flawless run to win the FIDE World Junior U20 Championship, ending a 17-year drought for India. His unbeaten performance was clinical, almost brutal in its precision, and it showcased the relentless competitive edge that marks this generation. For a country once reliant solely on Anand for elite representation, India’s reservoir now looked almost bottomless.<h2>A national champion emerges again</h2>In a year stacked with global triumphs, P Iniyan’s domestic dominance stood out. The Tamil Nadu Grandmaster won the National Championship with an undefeated run over 11 rounds. He had already claimed the National Rapid title earlier, making 2025 a rare double triumph. Iniyan’s consistency reflected the strength of India’s internal competition. The national championship, once a quiet annual event, has become one of the most fiercely contested tournaments thanks to India’s expanding pool of masters and grandmasters. Winning it in 2025 meant outplaying one of the deepest fields in the tournament’s history.<h2>India hosts the FIDE World Cup 2025</h2>One major marker of India’s global rise was not a title but the right to host the FIDE World Cup 2025. Returning to India after 23 years, the event transformed Goa into a chess carnival. Fans traveled from around the country to watch global stars compete in person, while India's younger players soaked in the atmosphere of a world-class event. The organisational success, the packed viewing halls, and the media coverage collectively demonstrated that India was ready to host and consume, chess as a mainstream sport. But if the World Cup was India’s formal introduction to global hosting duties, the year’s biggest spectator phenomenon came from a newer, more entertainment-driven format.<h2>Chess becomes entertainment, and India loves it</h2>The Global Chess League (GCL) 2025 held in Mumbai was unlike anything Indian chess had experienced before. Franchise teams. Star players. Dramatic camera angles. Thousands of fans are watching live. Millions are following online. Chess was suddenly being televised like cricket, with commentary boxes, team anthems, branding, and storylines. The league brought global stars such as Hikaru Nakamura and Hou Yifan to Indian soil, playing alongside Indian favourites like Gukesh and Praggnanandhaa.&nbsp;For a sport long associated with quiet halls and hushed tension, GCL was a cultural shock, a good one. It turned chess into spectator content. It made fans scream for blitz victories. It made rapid games feel like death-defying stunts. And importantly, it made chess accessible to children and casual viewers who had never been part of the ecosystem before.2025 was the year chess stopped being an intellectual pursuit and started becoming a sporting experience in India.Schools, academies, and the grassroots engine&nbsp;While grandmasters and global leagues were the headline-makers, Indian chess’s most reassuring developments came from the grassroots. Chennai’s Velammal School, long known as India’s chess nursery, dominated the FIDE World Schools Team Championship with a perfect score. Their win wasn’t surprising; it was expected, and that was the story. India has built a school culture where chess excellence is institutionalised.&nbsp;Across metros and even tier-two cities, chess academies are running at full capacity. Digital tools have closed the gap between Indian kids and the world’s best coaches. Online tournaments have made competitive exposure inexpensive and frequent. Parents increasingly look at chess as a serious sporting career, not merely an extracurricular activity.India’s depth, the real reason behind its 2025 boom, is a result of this ecosystem.<h2>A changing culture around the sport</h2>Beyond titles and tournaments, the biggest shift in 2025 was psychological. Chess finally became cool in India. Streaming exploded, with YouTube creators, titled players, and tournament commentators turning chess into a digital community. Schools introduced chess into regular timetables. Sponsors, once hesitant, now lined up. Tech companies released India-specific chess products. Apps saw record sign-ups.&nbsp;A sport once confined to libraries and quiet coaching rooms spilled out into living rooms, cafes, classrooms, social media feeds, merchandise stores, and now stadiums. There was also a perception shift: chess players were no longer treated as quirky intellectuals; they were recognised as elite athletes requiring discipline, conditioning, mental toughness, and team structures. The success of players like Gukesh, capped by his Khel Ratna award in 2025, helped cement chess as a mainstream sport worthy of national recognition.<h2>What lies next for India in chess?</h2>International commentators spent much of 2025 marvelling at how India had essentially built a modern version of the Soviet chess ecosystem, but democratised, decentralised, and digitally enabled. Unlike the Soviet machine, India’s growth wasn’t top-down. It was organic, spread across cities, powered by parental support, school systems, and private academies. By the end of the year, it was clear that the balance of global chess power had tilted. Norway had Carlsen.&nbsp;The US had Nakamura, Caruana, and Wesley So. China had Ding and Hou Yifan. But India had numbers, youth, hunger, and momentum, an unbeatable combination in a sport where the future belongs to the bold.&nbsp;If 2025 was a breakout year, 2026 and beyond promise something even bigger. Several Indian teenagers are now hovering near the 2700 mark. Divya, already a world champion, is setting her sights on deeper women’s world title runs. Gukesh continues to be a World Championship contender. Praggnanandhaa is entering his prime. And new grandmasters continue emerging every few months. India’s chess boom is not a bubble; it is a generational wave. 2025 was the year the wave crashed into the global stage. The next decade may well be the decade India defines world chess.

YEARENDER | 2025: The year chess became India’s favourite mind sport

For years, Indian chess stood on the cusp of something historic. In 2025, it finally arrived. What unfolded over twelve months wasn’t merely a run of good results or a lucky streak of prodigies; it was a full-scale transformation, systemic, cultural, and emotional, that redefined India’s place in the global chess order. From world titles to teenage grandmasters, from hosting major global events to dominating junior championships, Indian chess experienced a surge that felt less like a trend and more like a takeover. The rise was not sudden. But the culmination, the confluence of triumphs in 2025, made it feel as if everything had aligned: talent, infrastructure, fan interest, technology, and opportunity. The year will likely be remembered as the most significant since Viswanathan Anand first created the blueprint of Indian ambition. This time, the scale was bigger, the pool deeper, and the impact more far-reaching. And at the centre of this seismic year stood a teenager with fearlessness in her eyes and steel in her moves: Divya Deshmukh. The year of a new queen If Indian chess was waiting for a moment that captured its growing dominance in a single frame, it came in early 2025, when 19-year-old Divya Deshmukh defeated the experienced Koneru Humpy in a nail-biting tiebreak to win the FIDE Women’s World Cup. The championship had everything: the drama of rapid tiebreaks, the symbolism of an Indian final, and the crowning of a young champion who became a Grandmaster with that victory. For years, India celebrated individual brilliance in women’s chess. In 2025, it saw generational renewal right before its eyes. Divya’s win wasn’t a fairy tale; it was a statement, that India’s new wave had arrived, and it was ready to take on the world. Her journey, starting from local tournaments in Nagpur to the world stage, embodied the Indian chess story: talented children nurtured in academies, mentored by strong coaches, supported by parents who believed in early exposure to competitive play, and amplified by technology that connected them to the world’s best. In Divya’s triumph, India didn’t just see a champion. It saw a future. The unstoppable tide of young grandmasters India’s conveyor belt of grandmasters continued at a frightening pace in 2025. The numbers themselves became headlines. Srihari LR became India’s 86th Grandmaster; Ilamparthi AR, just 16, completed his norms to become the 90th; Raahul VS soon followed as the 91st. Each new GM was more than a statistic; it was evidence of how deeply chess had penetrated training centres, schools, and online learning platforms. India entered 2025 with the world’s fastest-growing pool of elite junior talent, and the year only widened the gap. But the most significant youth achievement came from GM Pranav Venkatesh, who produced a flawless run to win the FIDE World Junior U20 Championship, ending a 17-year drought for India. His unbeaten performance was clinical, almost brutal in its precision, and it showcased the relentless competitive edge that marks this generation. For a country once reliant solely on Anand for elite representation, India’s reservoir now looked almost bottomless. A national champion emerges again In a year stacked with global triumphs, P Iniyan’s domestic dominance stood out. The Tamil Nadu Grandmaster won the National Championship with an undefeated run over 11 rounds. He had already claimed the National Rapid title earlier, making 2025 a rare double triumph. Iniyan’s consistency reflected the strength of India’s internal competition. The national championship, once a quiet annual event, has become one of the most fiercely contested tournaments thanks to India’s expanding pool of masters and grandmasters. Winning it in 2025 meant outplaying one of the deepest fields in the tournament’s history. India hosts the FIDE World Cup 2025 One major marker of India’s global rise was not a title but the right to host the FIDE World Cup 2025. Returning to India after 23 years, the event transformed Goa into a chess carnival. Fans traveled from around the country to watch global stars compete in person, while India's younger players soaked in the atmosphere of a world-class event. The organisational success, the packed viewing halls, and the media coverage collectively demonstrated that India was ready to host and consume, chess as a mainstream sport. But if the World Cup was India’s formal introduction to global hosting duties, the year’s biggest spectator phenomenon came from a newer, more entertainment-driven format. Chess becomes entertainment, and India loves it The Global Chess League (GCL) 2025 held in Mumbai was unlike anything Indian chess had experienced before. Franchise teams. Star players. Dramatic camera angles. Thousands of fans are watching live. Millions are following online. Chess was suddenly being televised like cricket, with commentary boxes, team anthems, branding, and storylines. The league brought global stars such as Hikaru Nakamura and Hou Yifan to Indian soil, playing alongside Indian favourites like Gukesh and Praggnanandhaa. For a sport long associated with quiet halls and hushed tension, GCL was a cultural shock, a good one. It turned chess into spectator content. It made fans scream for blitz victories. It made rapid games feel like death-defying stunts. And importantly, it made chess accessible to children and casual viewers who had never been part of the ecosystem before. 2025 was the year chess stopped being an intellectual pursuit and started becoming a sporting experience in India. Schools, academies, and the grassroots engine While grandmasters and global leagues were the headline-makers, Indian chess’s most reassuring developments came from the grassroots. Chennai’s Velammal School, long known as India’s chess nursery, dominated the FIDE World Schools Team Championship with a perfect score. Their win wasn’t surprising; it was expected, and that was the story. India has built a school culture where chess excellence is institutionalised. Across metros and even tier-two cities, chess academies are running at full capacity. Digital tools have closed the gap between Indian kids and the world’s best coaches. Online tournaments have made competitive exposure inexpensive and frequent. Parents increasingly look at chess as a serious sporting career, not merely an extracurricular activity. India’s depth, the real reason behind its 2025 boom, is a result of this ecosystem. A changing culture around the sport Beyond titles and tournaments, the biggest shift in 2025 was psychological. Chess finally became cool in India. Streaming exploded, with YouTube creators, titled players, and tournament commentators turning chess into a digital community. Schools introduced chess into regular timetables. Sponsors, once hesitant, now lined up. Tech companies released India-specific chess products. Apps saw record sign-ups. A sport once confined to libraries and quiet coaching rooms spilled out into living rooms, cafes, classrooms, social media feeds, merchandise stores, and now stadiums. There was also a perception shift: chess players were no longer treated as quirky intellectuals; they were recognised as elite athletes requiring discipline, conditioning, mental toughness, and team structures. The success of players like Gukesh, capped by his Khel Ratna award in 2025, helped cement chess as a mainstream sport worthy of national recognition. What lies next for India in chess? International commentators spent much of 2025 marvelling at how India had essentially built a modern version of the Soviet chess ecosystem, but democratised, decentralised, and digitally enabled. Unlike the Soviet machine, India’s growth wasn’t top-down. It was organic, spread across cities, powered by parental support, school systems, and private academies. By the end of the year, it was clear that the balance of global chess power had tilted. Norway had Carlsen. The US had Nakamura, Caruana, and Wesley So. China had Ding and Hou Yifan. But India had numbers, youth, hunger, and momentum, an unbeatable combination in a sport where the future belongs to the bold. If 2025 was a breakout year, 2026 and beyond promise something even bigger. Several Indian teenagers are now hovering near the 2700 mark. Divya, already a world champion, is setting her sights on deeper women’s world title runs. Gukesh continues to be a World Championship contender. Praggnanandhaa is entering his prime. And new grandmasters continue emerging every few months. India’s chess boom is not a bubble; it is a generational wave. 2025 was the year the wave crashed into the global stage. The next decade may well be the decade India defines world chess.

India’s chess boom hit full force in 2025, with historic world titles, new teen grandmasters, major events at home, and a cultural shift that made chess mainstream

Based on Google's Year in Search 2025 report, the top news events India Googled the most in 2025 include major Geopolitics, Indian political developments, and significant cultural moments. Here's the list of the top 10 news events India Googled the most.

Year-Ender 2025: From Pahalgam terror attack to Operation Sindoor — Top 10 news events India Googled the most

For Bangladesh, the year 2025 could best be described as one of transition,tinged with continuing bloodshed between rival political factions, months after the ouster of Awami League leader Sheikh Hasina. The former prime minister, who fled to India, was sentenced to death in cases associated with her tenure and the crackdown of the violent uprising that led to her ouster and flight to India in August 2025. The elections announced by the interim government led by Chief Adviser Mohammad Yunus have already been rocked by the death of youth leader Sharif Osman Hadi after being shot at. The South Asian nation was on edge for most of the year, and the violence escalated again with Hadi’s killing. Mobs went on attacking media houses, Awami League party offices and even Indian diplomatic missions. Here is a roundup of the main events from 2025:<h2>The year started with political and economic reforms</h2>The interim government led by Nobel laureate Yunus began with earnest democratic reforms, accountability for past abuses, and preparations for elections. However, instability, violence and challenges to the once-shining Bangladesh economy continued. The government sought to bring in institutional reforms through various commissions on the constitution, judiciary, elections and other sectors. Grievances from the violence during the 2024 uprising were addressed, including probes into the deaths of protesters.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/they-want-my-political-assassination-hasina-refuses-return-to-bangladesh-thanks-india-for-continued-hospitality-1766375949870">They want my 'political assassination': Hasina refuses return to Bangladesh, thanks India for continued hospitality</a><h2>Sheikh Hasina’s trials and asset freeze</h2>Bangladeshi courts tried Hasina in absentia, even as she gave occasional interviews while in exile in India, denying any wrongdoing and refusing to return to the country. In March, assets linked to her family were frozen amid corruption investigations.&nbsp; Violence continued unabated throughout the year, with sporadic attacks on Hindus and other minorities, as well as various acts of political retribution targeting Awami League activists and leaders.&nbsp; The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) sought elections by late 2025, while the student groups at the centre of the 2024 uprising sought reforms first.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/-extremists-emboldened-hasina-blames-yunus-govt-for-anti-india-hostility-in-bangladesh-1766380925403">'Extremists emboldened': Hasina blames Yunus govt for anti-India hostility in Bangladesh</a><h2>The July Charter</h2>Protests continued over delays in reforms and demands for justice. The interim government came out with the so-called July Charter, which was subsequently signed by major parties, but not the student-led National Citizen Party. The charter outlined reforms including a reductions of executive power, changes to the conduct of elections, and assertions of judicial independence. A plan was also announced for a referendum on the July national charter during the next general elections. Yunus announced that the elections would be held in February, possibly before Ramadan. Notably, Hasina’s Awami League was banned from politics under anti-terror laws.<h2>Hasina sentenced to death amid corruption trials and unrest</h2>Hasina was sentenced to death in absentia in November for crimes against humanity related to the crackdowns during the 2024 uprising. She and her associates faced other cases over alleged corruption. She also received a separate 21-year sentence for alleged land grabs. After much legal tussle, the Supreme Court restored the non-party caretaker government system of Bangladesh for future elections.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/bangladesh-bnp-leader-s-house-torched-in-lakshmipur-party-demands-justice-1766378056607/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/bangladesh-bnp-leader-s-house-torched-in-lakshmipur-party-demands-justice-1766378056607/embed</a><h2>Killing of Sharif Osman Hadi</h2>The killing of Hadi, one of the key faces of the 2024 uprising, led to another spike in violence. Hadi was shot by masked assailants on December 15 while returning from a mosque during his election campaign as an independent candidate. After being airlifted to Singapore for further treatment, Hadi died on December 18.Protests erupted, with mobs going on a rampage of arson and killings. Allegations against India led to heightened anti-India sentiment, even as calls for New Delhi to extradite Hasina intensified. India has so far not accepted the demand to send back Hasina.<h2>A turbulent year. Another in the making?</h2>Bangladesh is at an inflexion point in its revenge-laden politics of decades. A country that appeared to be doing well economically under Hasina is slowly plunging into chaos and uncertainty. The turbulence is likely to continue into 2026, as the country makes a slow transition from autocracy to reform and a return to democratic governance. The events since August 2024 have strained the economy, with high inflation and low GDP growth, even as ties with long-term ally India are under severe strain over New Delhi’s hosting of Hasina. It remains to be seen whether the election will be held as planned in February or rescheduled. &nbsp;

For Bangladesh, the year 2025 was one of fragile calm under an interim government, marred by political and communal violence. Sheikh Hasina’s death sentence was shocking, but the violence spiralled again after youth leader Sharif Osman Hadi’s killing ahead of elections.

For Bangladesh, the year 2025 could best be described as one of transition,tinged with continuing bloodshed between rival political factions, months after the ouster of Awami League leader Sheikh Hasina. The former prime minister, who fled to India, was sentenced to death in cases associated with her tenure and the crackdown of the violent uprising that led to her ouster and flight to India in August 2025. The elections announced by the interim government led by Chief Adviser Mohammad Yunus have already been rocked by the death of youth leader Sharif Osman Hadi after being shot at. The South Asian nation was on edge for most of the year, and the violence escalated again with Hadi’s killing. Mobs went on attacking media houses, Awami League party offices and even Indian diplomatic missions. Here is a roundup of the main events from 2025: The year started with political and economic reforms The interim government led by Nobel laureate Yunus began with earnest democratic reforms, accountability for past abuses, and preparations for elections. However, instability, violence and challenges to the once-shining Bangladesh economy continued. The government sought to bring in institutional reforms through various commissions on the constitution, judiciary, elections and other sectors. Grievances from the violence during the 2024 uprising were addressed, including probes into the deaths of protesters. Also read: They want my 'political assassination': Hasina refuses return to Bangladesh, thanks India for continued hospitality Sheikh Hasina’s trials and asset freeze Bangladeshi courts tried Hasina in absentia, even as she gave occasional interviews while in exile in India, denying any wrongdoing and refusing to return to the country. In March, assets linked to her family were frozen amid corruption investigations. Violence continued unabated throughout the year, with sporadic attacks on Hindus and other minorities, as well as various acts of political retribution targeting Awami League activists and leaders. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) sought elections by late 2025, while the student groups at the centre of the 2024 uprising sought reforms first. Also read: 'Extremists emboldened': Hasina blames Yunus govt for anti-India hostility in Bangladesh The July Charter Protests continued over delays in reforms and demands for justice. The interim government came out with the so-called July Charter, which was subsequently signed by major parties, but not the student-led National Citizen Party. The charter outlined reforms including a reductions of executive power, changes to the conduct of elections, and assertions of judicial independence. A plan was also announced for a referendum on the July national charter during the next general elections. Yunus announced that the elections would be held in February, possibly before Ramadan. Notably, Hasina’s Awami League was banned from politics under anti-terror laws. Hasina sentenced to death amid corruption trials and unrest Hasina was sentenced to death in absentia in November for crimes against humanity related to the crackdowns during the 2024 uprising. She and her associates faced other cases over alleged corruption. She also received a separate 21-year sentence for alleged land grabs. After much legal tussle, the Supreme Court restored the non-party caretaker government system of Bangladesh for future elections. https://www.wionews.com/videos/bangladesh-bnp-leader-s-house-torched-in-lakshmipur-party-demands-justice-1766378056607/embed Killing of Sharif Osman Hadi The killing of Hadi, one of the key faces of the 2024 uprising, led to another spike in violence. Hadi was shot by masked assailants on December 15 while returning from a mosque during his election campaign as an independent candidate. After being airlifted to Singapore for further treatment, Hadi died on December 18. Protests erupted, with mobs going on a rampage of arson and killings. Allegations against India led to heightened anti-India sentiment, even as calls for New Delhi to extradite Hasina intensified. India has so far not accepted the demand to send back Hasina. A turbulent year. Another in the making? Bangladesh is at an inflexion point in its revenge-laden politics of decades. A country that appeared to be doing well economically under Hasina is slowly plunging into chaos and uncertainty. The turbulence is likely to continue into 2026, as the country makes a slow transition from autocracy to reform and a return to democratic governance. The events since August 2024 have strained the economy, with high inflation and low GDP growth, even as ties with long-term ally India are under severe strain over New Delhi’s hosting of Hasina. It remains to be seen whether the election will be held as planned in February or rescheduled.

For Bangladesh, the year 2025 was one of fragile calm under an interim government, marred by political and communal violence. Sheikh Hasina’s death sentence was shocking, but the violence spiralled again after youth leader Sharif Osman Hadi’s killing ahead of elections.

YEAR-ENDER 2025: Bangladesh’s uneasy calm after the storm disturbed by youth leader Hadi’s killing

There have been several Gen Z protests across the world in 2025, but the most prominent one in South Asia happened in Nepal. In a year marked by political upheaval, &nbsp;the Himalayan nation’s Gen Z protests were not only about the incumbent government, but also a reflection of youth frustration with established parties and leaders. “Nepo kids” and other members of the same generation were at odds in a country rife with corruption and governance failures. Here is a roundup of how Nepal changed in 2025.<h2>Gen Z protests: Youth say enough is enough</h2>Weeks of often violent protests led to the collapse of the Oli government of the CPN-UML. An interim administration took its place and preparations are on for a fresh election in which new parties and youth are expected to play a key role.The seeds of this change were sown in the early months of 2025, with Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli facing criticism over corruption scandals and Nepal’s economic woes. There were long-standing frustrations over governance failures, economic stagnation, unemployment, and scandals like the Pokhara airport contract.In spite of some policy moves aimed at addressing corruption, economic growth and infrastructure, no tangible changes were seen for months.&nbsp;Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/-infiltration-took-place-kp-oli-alleges-conspiracy-behind-nepal-protests-questions-automatic-weapons-used-1758279122146">‘Infiltration took place’: KP Oli alleges conspiracy behind Nepal protests, questions automatic weapons used</a><h2>Social media ban triggers Gen Z protest</h2>Gen Z, which used social media to share its anger, was triggered when the government banned 26 apps, including Facebook and Instagram on 4 September 2025. This was seen as a move to curb free speech and dissent and to silence criticism of nepotism and privileges enjoyed by the political, bureaucratic and military elite.Particularly on September 8–9, mass demonstrations, pitched street battles and even gun violence were reported. Several government buildings were either vandalised or set on fire, including Parliament, the Supreme Court and the Prime Minister’s Office. Protesters clashed with security forces, leading to at least 51 deaths according to some reports, including protesters and police. The army was briefly deployed amid the widespread destruction.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-s-kp-sharma-oli-seeks-third-term-amid-youth-support-surge-1765980237066/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-s-kp-sharma-oli-seeks-third-term-amid-youth-support-surge-1765980237066/embed</a><h2>A change of guard: Nepal gets first woman prime minister</h2>On September 9, Prime Minister Oli resigned along with several ministers, and former chief justice Sushila Karki took over as the first female prime minister of Nepal to lead an interim government.&nbsp;Her selection was unique: it involved an online youth vote through the Discord platform, as well as discussions with the army, protesters and President Ramchandra Paudel.The social media ban was subsequently lifted. &nbsp;Nepal’s Parliament was dissolved, and elections are scheduled for 5 March 2026.The interim government is investigating corruption even as it restores order and prepares for the elections. However, there is already criticism, as traditional parties like the Nepali Congress and the CPN-UML are terming the processes unconstitutional.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/yearender-2025-from-nepal-to-madagascar-how-gen-z-took-to-streets-to-protest-against-governments-1765784385043">Fire, tear-gas, graffiti and more: From Nepal to Madagascar, how Gen Z protests shook governments | YEARENDER 2025</a><h2>Traditional parties are not leaving ground</h2>The Nepali government estimated that the GenZ protests caused losses of nearly 586 million US dollars. Traditional parties are slowly recovering after the shock of the protests. The CPN-UML held its 11th general convention in December, and was addressed by Oli who is seeking re-election despite internal challenges. Meanwhile, several leftist parties merged into the Nepali Communist Party in November, led by former Maoist leader-turned prime minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) and Madhav Kumar Nepal. They are setting aside differences in order to consolidate votes and emerge victorious in the 2026 general elections.In spite of the optimism, it remains to be seen if the unprecedented youth activism will bring about long-lasting change in Nepal.&nbsp;Will next year’s elections bring back the old political guard or herald a new generation of leadership?

The main event of Nepal in 2025 was the Gen Z protests, but it has been in the making for months before erupting in September. The protest, triggered by a social media ban led to PM Oli’s resignation. Here is a recap of the key events in Nepal's pivotal year

There have been several Gen Z protests across the world in 2025, but the most prominent one in South Asia happened in Nepal. In a year marked by political upheaval, the Himalayan nation’s Gen Z protests were not only about the incumbent government, but also a reflection of youth frustration with established parties and leaders. “Nepo kids” and other members of the same generation were at odds in a country rife with corruption and governance failures. Here is a roundup of how Nepal changed in 2025. Gen Z protests: Youth say enough is enough Weeks of often violent protests led to the collapse of the Oli government of the CPN-UML. An interim administration took its place and preparations are on for a fresh election in which new parties and youth are expected to play a key role. The seeds of this change were sown in the early months of 2025, with Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli facing criticism over corruption scandals and Nepal’s economic woes. There were long-standing frustrations over governance failures, economic stagnation, unemployment, and scandals like the Pokhara airport contract. In spite of some policy moves aimed at addressing corruption, economic growth and infrastructure, no tangible changes were seen for months. Also read: ‘Infiltration took place’: KP Oli alleges conspiracy behind Nepal protests, questions automatic weapons used Social media ban triggers Gen Z protest Gen Z, which used social media to share its anger, was triggered when the government banned 26 apps, including Facebook and Instagram on 4 September 2025. This was seen as a move to curb free speech and dissent and to silence criticism of nepotism and privileges enjoyed by the political, bureaucratic and military elite. Particularly on September 8–9, mass demonstrations, pitched street battles and even gun violence were reported. Several government buildings were either vandalised or set on fire, including Parliament, the Supreme Court and the Prime Minister’s Office. Protesters clashed with security forces, leading to at least 51 deaths according to some reports, including protesters and police. The army was briefly deployed amid the widespread destruction. https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-s-kp-sharma-oli-seeks-third-term-amid-youth-support-surge-1765980237066/embed A change of guard: Nepal gets first woman prime minister On September 9, Prime Minister Oli resigned along with several ministers, and former chief justice Sushila Karki took over as the first female prime minister of Nepal to lead an interim government. Her selection was unique: it involved an online youth vote through the Discord platform, as well as discussions with the army, protesters and President Ramchandra Paudel. The social media ban was subsequently lifted. Nepal’s Parliament was dissolved, and elections are scheduled for 5 March 2026. The interim government is investigating corruption even as it restores order and prepares for the elections. However, there is already criticism, as traditional parties like the Nepali Congress and the CPN-UML are terming the processes unconstitutional. Also read: Fire, tear-gas, graffiti and more: From Nepal to Madagascar, how Gen Z protests shook governments | YEARENDER 2025 Traditional parties are not leaving ground The Nepali government estimated that the GenZ protests caused losses of nearly 586 million US dollars. Traditional parties are slowly recovering after the shock of the protests. The CPN-UML held its 11th general convention in December, and was addressed by Oli who is seeking re-election despite internal challenges. Meanwhile, several leftist parties merged into the Nepali Communist Party in November, led by former Maoist leader-turned prime minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) and Madhav Kumar Nepal. They are setting aside differences in order to consolidate votes and emerge victorious in the 2026 general elections. In spite of the optimism, it remains to be seen if the unprecedented youth activism will bring about long-lasting change in Nepal. Will next year’s elections bring back the old political guard or herald a new generation of leadership?

The main event of Nepal in 2025 was the Gen Z protests, but it has been in the making for months before erupting in September. The protest, triggered by a social media ban, led to PM Oli’s resignation. Here is a recap of the key events in Nepal's pivotal year

Year-Ender: Nepal politics saw a tectonic shift after Gen Z protests of 2025

From Quantum‑centric supercomputing to AI Boost Sperm Selection, there have been multiple scientific discoveries in 2025 spanning space, medicine, and quantum tech. Let's have a look at the top 7 scientific discoveries in the world that shocked humankind.

Year-Ender 2025: Top 7 scientific discoveries that shook the world

Gen Z–led protests erupted across Nepal, Madagascar, Indonesia, Morocco, Bulgaria, Philippines, Peru, Mexico, Kenya and Paraguay in 2025. Triggered by corruption, poor governance and economic distress, youth-driven movements reshaped politics and challenged power globally.

Fire, tear-gas, graffiti and more: From Nepal to Madagascar, how Gen Z protests shook governments | YEARENDER 2025

Like it or hate it, AI has been firmly embedded in daily life in 2025, and the controversies surrounding it have become ubiquitous. From an allegedly antisemitic AI chatbot, to millions of pages of pirated books used to train large language models, to an AI model destroying its own database, there were major AI-related controversies almost every month. Here is a roundup of the most notable ones.<h2>AI robocalls in US election to Grok giving “antisemitic” answers</h2>The year started with allegations that AI-generated robocalls were used to influence voters during the US presidential election that was won by Donald Trump. The calls reportedly mimicked public figures’ voices and allegedly spread misinformation.&nbsp;Political controversy was not limited to elections. In July, xAI’s Grok faced heavy criticism after a system prompt change reportedly encouraged “politically incorrect” responses. These included answers widely described as antisemitic, violent and offensive.<h2>Ransomware powered by AI models?</h2>In August, a controversial ransomware prototype was uncovered. PromptLock, identified by security researchers, was an AI-powered ransomware ‘proof of concept’ that demonstrated how locally run language models could be used to dynamically generate attack logic and even automate extortion. Although not deployed at scale, the ransomware that could be automated via AI was alarming for cybersecurity experts.<h2>Pirated books and a 1.5 billion dollar settlement</h2>AI startup Anthropic agreed to a 1.5 billion dollar settlement in a class-action lawsuit over the use of pirated content from books for training its language models. A group of authors had alleged large-scale copyright infringement. The settlement was among the largest to date related to AI training data.<h2>AI hits Hollywood workers, as Disney embraces Sora</h2>Trade unions and creatives in Hollywood reacted angrily after legacy media company Disney entered into a deal with AI startup OpenAI that would allow AI-generated videos of Disney characters via Sora model. Critics argued the partnership could undermine creative jobs and devalue Disney’s intellectual property through mass production of fan-generated “AI slop”.&nbsp;The backlash came even as Disney almost simultaneously issued a cease-and-desist order to Google, accusing it of large-scale copyright infringement in AI training.<h2>Political and diplomatic deepfakes grow, AI agents sabotage their own systems</h2>Political and diplomatic deepfakes continued to proliferate throughout the year, complicating global relations and public trust. Meanwhile Replit's own AI coding agent deleted parts of its production databases during an automated operation.&nbsp;This was not the only ‘system failure’. Grok AI reportedly publicised more than 300,000 conversations that users thought were private.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/open-ai-plans-1-4-tn-spend-on-computing-power-1764589595110/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/open-ai-plans-1-4-tn-spend-on-computing-power-1764589595110/embed</a><h2>Legacy industry's epic fail: Rehiring humans after AI bungled</h2>Several legacy industries experimented with AI but quietly reversed course. Financial institutions were among them, with Klarna acknowledging it had to rehire human customer service staff after its AI chatbot rollout led to higher call volumes, customer frustration and lower resolution rates, despite earlier claims of efficiency gains.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/yearender-2025-the-year-of-ai-humanoid-robots-agntic-ai-competition-and-policy-reform-what-did-you-miss-1765864185978">YEARENDER: 2025 , the year of AI - Humanoid robots, Agntic AI, competition and policy reform - What did you miss?</a><h2>The harms of AI: Lawsuits and human cost</h2>Multiple lawsuits alleged that AI systems encouraged self-harm and suicidal ideation among teenagers. Parents accused companies like OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, of exposing children to harmful advice and emotionally manipulative interactions. Ethical data use, job displacement, and environmental damage - particularly the energy demand and carbon footprint of large data centres - were also hotly debated.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/ai-is-expanding-the-frontier-of-what-is-possible-says-microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-1765638706782">AI is expanding the ‘frontier of what is possible’, says Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella</a><h2>AI regulation multiplied too: Taming the machines over deepfake and sexual content</h2>The year saw more than 1,000 AI-related bills introduced across states in the US, reflecting a shift towards decentralised regulation.&nbsp;Several states moved to restrict or prohibit independent AI-driven medical diagnoses without human oversight. At the federal level, President Trump issued an executive order rescinding a number of earlier safety-focused AI rules, instead prioritising innovation and reducing regulatory barriers.&nbsp;In Europe, the European Union’s AI Act provisions for general-purpose models came into effect in August.Deepfake laws also proliferated in the US, with states enacting 68 new statutes, most of them focused on non-consensual sexual content and impersonation.

The year 2025 exposed AI’s legal, ethical and social risks; from election robocalls to antisemitic chatbots, ransomware, pirated content for training and Hollywood backlash. Regulation struggled to keep pace with the mindboggling pace of AI developments. Here is a roundup


Like it or hate it, AI has been firmly embedded in daily life in 2025, and the controversies surrounding it have become ubiquitous. From an allegedly antisemitic AI chatbot, to millions of pages of pirated books used to train large language models, to an AI model destroying its own database, there were major AI-related controversies almost every month. Here is a roundup of the most notable ones. AI robocalls in US election to Grok giving “antisemitic” answers The year started with allegations that AI-generated robocalls were used to influence voters during the US presidential election that was won by Donald Trump. The calls reportedly mimicked public figures’ voices and allegedly spread misinformation. Political controversy was not limited to elections. In July, xAI’s Grok faced heavy criticism after a system prompt change reportedly encouraged “politically incorrect” responses. These included answers widely described as antisemitic, violent and offensive. Ransomware powered by AI models? In August, a controversial ransomware prototype was uncovered. PromptLock, identified by security researchers, was an AI-powered ransomware ‘proof of concept’ that demonstrated how locally run language models could be used to dynamically generate attack logic and even automate extortion. Although not deployed at scale, the ransomware that could be automated via AI was alarming for cybersecurity experts. Pirated books and a 1.5 billion dollar settlement AI startup Anthropic agreed to a 1.5 billion dollar settlement in a class-action lawsuit over the use of pirated content from books for training its language models. A group of authors had alleged large-scale copyright infringement. The settlement was among the largest to date related to AI training data. AI hits Hollywood workers, as Disney embraces Sora Trade unions and creatives in Hollywood reacted angrily after legacy media company Disney entered into a deal with AI startup OpenAI that would allow AI-generated videos of Disney characters via Sora model. Critics argued the partnership could undermine creative jobs and devalue Disney’s intellectual property through mass production of fan-generated “AI slop”. The backlash came even as Disney almost simultaneously issued a cease-and-desist order to Google, accusing it of large-scale copyright infringement in AI training. Political and diplomatic deepfakes grow, AI agents sabotage their own systems Political and diplomatic deepfakes continued to proliferate throughout the year, complicating global relations and public trust. Meanwhile Replit's own AI coding agent deleted parts of its production databases during an automated operation. This was not the only ‘system failure’. Grok AI reportedly publicised more than 300,000 conversations that users thought were private. https://www.wionews.com/videos/open-ai-plans-1-4-tn-spend-on-computing-power-1764589595110/embed Legacy industry's epic fail: Rehiring humans after AI bungled Several legacy industries experimented with AI but quietly reversed course. Financial institutions were among them, with Klarna acknowledging it had to rehire human customer service staff after its AI chatbot rollout led to higher call volumes, customer frustration and lower resolution rates, despite earlier claims of efficiency gains. Also read: YEARENDER: 2025 , the year of AI - Humanoid robots, Agntic AI, competition and policy reform - What did you miss? The harms of AI: Lawsuits and human cost Multiple lawsuits alleged that AI systems encouraged self-harm and suicidal ideation among teenagers. Parents accused companies like OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, of exposing children to harmful advice and emotionally manipulative interactions. Ethical data use, job displacement, and environmental damage - particularly the energy demand and carbon footprint of large data centres - were also hotly debated. Also read: AI is expanding the ‘frontier of what is possible’, says Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella AI regulation multiplied too: Taming the machines over deepfake and sexual content The year saw more than 1,000 AI-related bills introduced across states in the US, reflecting a shift towards decentralised regulation. Several states moved to restrict or prohibit independent AI-driven medical diagnoses without human oversight. At the federal level, President Trump issued an executive order rescinding a number of earlier safety-focused AI rules, instead prioritising innovation and reducing regulatory barriers. In Europe, the European Union’s AI Act provisions for general-purpose models came into effect in August. Deepfake laws also proliferated in the US, with states enacting 68 new statutes, most of them focused on non-consensual sexual content and impersonation.

The year 2025 exposed AI’s legal, ethical and social risks; from election robocalls to antisemitic chatbots, ransomware, pirated content for training and Hollywood backlash. Regulation struggled to keep pace with the mindboggling pace of AI developments. Here is a recap

YEARENDER 2025: Biggest AI controversies, from robocall elections to ‘antisemitic’ Grok, ransomware and deepfake

Americans dominated the top-searched world leaders or political figures in Google's “Year in Search 2025”. Donald Trump was the obvious leader

YEARENDER - Year in search 2025: Most-searched global leaders and political figures on Google are led by Trump. Who else is in the list?

Indian stock markets saw extreme swings in 2025. From the biggest single-day crash to sharp rallies driven by the Budget, RBI rate cuts and FII flows, Sensex and Nifty stayed volatile but resilient, ending the year in gains despite heavy foreign selling.

Year-Ender 2025: Top 10 stock market surges and crashes that shook investors this year

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