The 20-year-old Iga Swiatek is set to become Poland's first World No. 1 in tennis history.

After her 6-2, 6-0 victory over Viktorija Golubic on Friday night at the Miami Open, Swiatek secured the WTA Tour's No.1 ranking.

It will become official on Monday, April 4, when the newly retired Ashleigh Barty's name will come off the list at her request.

ALSO READ:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/sports/swiss-open-pv-sindhu-h-s-prannoy-storm-into-semis-with-victories-in-respective-women-men-singles-events-465529">Swiss Open: PV Sindhu, H S Prannoy storm into semis with victories in respective women, men singles events</a>

Swiatek becomes the 28th woman to reach the WTA summit. By comparison, since the rankings were introduced in 1975, there have been 184 major tournaments, with 52 different women winning titles.

She's the youngest player to make her No.1 debut since Caroline Wozniacki, who was 216 days younger, in 2010.

Swiatek is currently the WTA's most in-form player. She's on a career-best 12-match winning streak and has a tour-high 21 wins this year, with WTA 1000 titles in Doha and Indian Wells.

The 20-year-old Iga Swiatek is set to become Poland's first World No. 1 in tennis history. After her 6-2, 6-0 victory over Viktorija Golubic on Friday night at the Miami Open, Swiatek secured the WTA Tour's No.

The 20-year-old Iga Swiatek is set to become Poland's first World No. 1 in tennis history. After her 6-2, 6-0 victory over Viktorija Golubic on Friday night at the Miami Open, Swiatek secured the WTA Tour's No.1 ranking. It will become official on Monday, April 4, when the newly retired Ashleigh Barty's name will come off the list at her request. ALSO READ: Swiss Open: PV Sindhu, H S Prannoy storm into semis with victories in respective women, men singles events Swiatek becomes the 28th woman to reach the WTA summit. By comparison, since the rankings were introduced in 1975, there have been 184 major tournaments, with 52 different women winning titles. She's the youngest player to make her No.1 debut since Caroline Wozniacki, who was 216 days younger, in 2010. Swiatek is currently the WTA's most in-form player. She's on a career-best 12-match winning streak and has a tour-high 21 wins this year, with WTA 1000 titles in Doha and Indian Wells.

Iga Swiatek set to become Poland's first World No. 1 in tennis history after win against Golubic in Miami Open

Two years after winning his first tour-level match in Rio de Janeiro, 18-year-old Carlos Alcaraz of Spain became the youngest to clinch an ATP 500 title at the same event on Sunday when he defeated Diego Schwartzman in the final of the Rio Open.

It was a second tour-level title for Alcaraz after his victory in Umag last year and his 6-4 6-2 victory against 13th-ranked Argentine Schwartzman made him the youngest ATP 500 champion since the category was created in 2009.

"I can't believe it, honestly. It has been a great week for me playing a great level," Alcaraz said on court after his win.

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"First tournament on clay since a long time, so I'm really happy with the performance during the whole week. It`s an amazing feeling right now."

Alcaraz, who won the NextGen ATP Finals in 2021, came into Sunday's final after having to play both his quarter-final and last four matches on Saturday because of a scheduling logjam due to rain earlier in the week.

He defeated top seed and world number six Matteo Berrettini and another Italian Fabio Fognini, a former top 10 player, and climbed to a career-best 20th when the ATP rankings were updated on Monday.

ALSO READ:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/sports/will-lead-to-positive-outcomes-for-world-sports-pm-narendra-modi-on-mumbai-hosting-2023-ioc-session-454646">Will lead to positive outcomes for world sports: PM Narendra Modi on Mumbai hosting 2023 IOC session</a>

"It has been a tough week," said Alcaraz, who withdrew from this week's ATP 500 tournament on the hardcourts in Acapulco, Mexico, due to a slight niggle.

"To be in the top 20 was a goal for me at the end of the year (2021) and to be able to do that at the beginning is amazing."

Two years after winning his first tour-level match in Rio de Janeiro, 18-year-old Carlos Alcaraz of Spain became the youngest to clinch an ATP 500 title at the same event on Sunday when he defeated Diego Schwartzman in the final of the Rio Open.

Two years after winning his first tour-level match in Rio de Janeiro, 18-year-old Carlos Alcaraz of Spain became the youngest to clinch an ATP 500 title at the same event on Sunday when he defeated Diego Schwartzman in the final of the Rio Open. It was a second tour-level title for Alcaraz after his victory in Umag last year and his 6-4 6-2 victory against 13th-ranked Argentine Schwartzman made him the youngest ATP 500 champion since the category was created in 2009. "I can't believe it, honestly. It has been a great week for me playing a great level," Alcaraz said on court after his win. ALSO READ: Australian golfer Hannah Green creates history, becomes first woman to win mixed-gender event "First tournament on clay since a long time, so I'm really happy with the performance during the whole week. It`s an amazing feeling right now." Alcaraz, who won the NextGen ATP Finals in 2021, came into Sunday's final after having to play both his quarter-final and last four matches on Saturday because of a scheduling logjam due to rain earlier in the week. He defeated top seed and world number six Matteo Berrettini and another Italian Fabio Fognini, a former top 10 player, and climbed to a career-best 20th when the ATP rankings were updated on Monday. ALSO READ: Will lead to positive outcomes for world sports: PM Narendra Modi on Mumbai hosting 2023 IOC session "It has been a tough week," said Alcaraz, who withdrew from this week's ATP 500 tournament on the hardcourts in Acapulco, Mexico, due to a slight niggle. "To be in the top 20 was a goal for me at the end of the year (2021) and to be able to do that at the beginning is amazing."

Spain's Carlos Alcaraz creates history, becomes youngest ATP 500 winner with Rio title

Archaeologists in Abu Dhabi have unearthed evidence of the country’s earliest known buildings, dating back more than 8,500 years.

The startling discovery by the experts from the Department of Culture and Tourism (DCT) was made on Ghagha island, west of Abu Dhabi.

The structures unearthed are “simple round rooms” and have stone walls that are still preserved up to a height of almost a meter (3.3 feet), the press release says.

The stone structures likely housed the country’s first communities, shedding new light on the early chapters of the country's rich history, the team said.

It was previously believed that long-distance maritime trade routes, which developed during the Neolithic period, acted as an impetus for early settlements in the area, but the latest discovery proves that Neolithic settlements existed before then.

The latest discovery has revealed that the settlements were drawn to the local economic and environmental conditions that led to the first settled life in what is now the United Arab Emirates, the archaeologists said.

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It means that rather than being arid and inhospitable, the islands were in a sense a ‘Fertile Coast’, the archaeologists said.

“These archaeological finds have shown that people were settling and building homes here 8,500 years ago. The discoveries on Ghagha island highlight that the characteristics of innovation, sustainability and resilience have been part of the DNA of the inhabitants of this region for thousands of years,” HE Mohamed Al Mubarak, Chairman of DCT Abu Dhabi, said in a statement.

“The finds reinforce an appreciation of history, as well as the deep cultural connections between the people of the UAE and the sea. We are also reminded that there is still much to discover across the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and that it is vitally important we continue working to discover, preserve and protect our invaluable heritage for current and future generations to learn more about our ancestral past,” he added.

The previous record for oldest known buildings in the UAE was held by discoveries on the island of Marawah, also off the coast of Abu Dhabi, where the&nbsp;world's oldest pearl&nbsp;was found in 2017.

Archaeologists in Abu Dhabi have unearthed evidence of the country’s earliest known buildings, dating back more than 8,500 years. The startling discovery by the experts from the Department of Culture and Tourism (DCT) was made on Ghagha island, west of Abu Dhabi.

Archaeologists in Abu Dhabi have unearthed evidence of the country’s earliest known buildings, dating back more than 8,500 years. The startling discovery by the experts from the Department of Culture and Tourism (DCT) was made on Ghagha island, west of Abu Dhabi. The structures unearthed are “simple round rooms” and have stone walls that are still preserved up to a height of almost a meter (3.3 feet), the press release says. The stone structures likely housed the country’s first communities, shedding new light on the early chapters of the country's rich history, the team said. It was previously believed that long-distance maritime trade routes, which developed during the Neolithic period, acted as an impetus for early settlements in the area, but the latest discovery proves that Neolithic settlements existed before then. The latest discovery has revealed that the settlements were drawn to the local economic and environmental conditions that led to the first settled life in what is now the United Arab Emirates, the archaeologists said. It means that rather than being arid and inhospitable, the islands were in a sense a ‘Fertile Coast’, the archaeologists said. “These archaeological finds have shown that people were settling and building homes here 8,500 years ago. The discoveries on Ghagha island highlight that the characteristics of innovation, sustainability and resilience have been part of the DNA of the inhabitants of this region for thousands of years,” HE Mohamed Al Mubarak, Chairman of DCT Abu Dhabi, said in a statement. “The finds reinforce an appreciation of history, as well as the deep cultural connections between the people of the UAE and the sea. We are also reminded that there is still much to discover across the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and that it is vitally important we continue working to discover, preserve and protect our invaluable heritage for current and future generations to learn more about our ancestral past,” he added. The previous record for oldest known buildings in the UAE was held by discoveries on the island of Marawah, also off the coast of Abu Dhabi, where the world's oldest pearl was found in 2017.

Archaeologists dig out UAE’s oldest buildings, dating back 8,500 years

In rural New Hampshire, a Spanish teacher took down a “Black Lives Matter” sign in her classroom.

In Lubbock, Texas, a social studies teacher felt that candid political discussions with students were becoming “kind of like a tightrope.”

And in Oklahoma City, a history teacher began to think twice about using the word “white” to describe people who defended slavery.

In February, public school teachers traditionally shape lessons around Black History Month. But this year, educators in several states are handling their classes a bit more gingerly.

Republican-led legislatures in several states passed laws last year to ban or limit schools from teaching that racism is infused in US institutions. And while students in those states are still learning about activists like Ida B. Wells and Claudette Colvin, and eras like Reconstruction and the civil rights movement, some teachers are also exercising a quiet restraint.

The laws, they say, have added the threat of termination to the list of things they worry about, from pandemic safety to struggling students to staff shortages.

“I am not going to let any of these laws deter me from the things that I think work best for students,” said Eric Parker, the history teacher in Oklahoma. “But I also enjoy working with students and having a roof over my head.”

Since January 2021, according to a list compiled by Education Week, 37 states have introduced measures to limit how race and discrimination can be taught in public school classrooms, and 14 have imposed laws or rules to enforce these restrictions.

“This legislation is very nebulous,” said Grace Leatherman, executive director of the National Council for History Education. “There is certainly a chilling effect.”

Some teachers say the laws seem like politicized distractions, removed from the reality of modern classrooms where lesson plans adapt to students’ needs and curiosities.

“There seems to be this perception that all our teachers are doing, every single day, is getting up there and demagoguing,” said Anton Schulzki, a history teacher in Colorado who is president of the National Council for the Social Studies. “And that’s just not the case.”

While some educators have left or have lost their jobs amid debates over these new laws, there have not been reports of widespread terminations of teachers.

And defenders of the measures say that they are not meant to stifle teachers’ speech.

Gov. Chris Sununu of New Hampshire signed a bill in July that says no public employer should teach that people of any particular race or gender were “inherently racist, sexist or oppressive.”

“Nothing in this bill prevents schools from teaching any aspect of American history, such as teaching about racism, sexism or slavery,” said Benjamin Vihstadt, a spokesperson for the governor.

He added that teachers were “continuing these important lessons during Black History Month — as they should.”

David Bullard, a state senator who sponsored a similar law in Oklahoma, has said that it is “false that the bill prohibits the teaching of racial topics or history.”

According to the state’s academic standards, U.S. history classes can still cover a range of figures and subjects, including slavery, the abolitionist movement, the Tulsa massacre, W.E.B. Du Bois, Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and the Black Panthers.

But in Oklahoma, as in several other states, the law bars educators from teaching that people are responsible for “actions committed in the past by other members of the same race or sex,” and from telling students that anyone should feel “discomfort, guilt, anguish or any other form of psychological distress” because of their race or sex.

Parker, the teacher in Oklahoma, who said he could not speak on behalf of his district, said the law made him a little more anxious about what he says.

Before it passed last year, he said, he might have used the word “white” to describe people who fought to preserve slavery in Texas during its bloody split from Mexico in the 19th century. Now, he would be more inclined to leave that descriptor out.

Middle school students are smart, Parker added, and have absorbed enough history lessons to understand the context clues.

“I let them sort it out for themselves,” he said. “Which Texans am I talking about? They probably know which Texans I’m talking about.”

Some educators say that the vagueness of the new rules puts the burden on them to avoid any misinterpretation that could cost them their jobs.

“We’ll know it’s wrong when they pull our license,” said Terry López Burlingame, who teaches at a rural K-8 school in Gilmanton, New Hampshire. “That’s how vague it is.”

Although she removed her “Black Lives Matter” sign after her state passed a law against teaching that people of any particular race or gender were “inherently racist, sexist or oppressive,” López Burlingame said she did not shy away from discussing the history lessons that often accompany her Spanish lessons, including slavery across Latin America.

But she still harbors some fear that her students’ parents could report her to local officials if she says something they don’t like.

“When kids ask me questions, I pause longer than normal to think about how I am going to respond,” she said. “If I say the wrong thing, those kids will go home to their parents, who will do what they are doing all this year: going bonkers.”

David Ring, a social studies teacher in Lubbock, usually celebrates Black History Month by asking his high school students to read King’s “Letter From Birmingham Jail.” That is in addition to topics he covers all year, including redlining.

Ring, who is Black and Korean and is often the only person of color in the room, said he wanted his students to learn that the civil rights movement was not over.

“For them, the year 2000 is like ancient history, and so trying to get them to understand that the 1960s weren’t that long ago, it’s baby steps,” he said.

But under a new law, teachers in Texas must frame slavery as a deviation from the founding principles of the United States. And the law limits the teaching of “The 1619 Project,” an initiative by The New York Times Magazine that explores the continuing legacy of slavery in the United States and highlights the contributions that Black people have made to American society.

But, Ring and other educators said, classrooms are not the only places for students to access information; smartphones are always at their fingertips.

“I think that some of the legislation being passed disregards young people’s ability — especially this generation — to accept new information and process it, without feeling shame or guilt,” Ring said.

Holly Reynolds, a high school social studies teacher in Salt Lake City, said the rules approved by Utah’s board of education last year — which echoed those of other states — were hard to follow because they were so vague. That has made her nervous about being targeted, she said, but she has tried to keep those fears out of the classroom.

“If anything, it has strengthened my resolve that this is important work, and I need to keep doing it,” she said.

Parker said that despite his concerns about Oklahoma’s new law, he hoped to hold on to his job while being open to the questions and opinions of his students, many of whom are English language learners approaching U.S. history with fresh eyes.

“I always tell them, I don’t care what I say, or what your parents say, about the things that we learn,” he said. “You guys have to start deciding how you feel about it, for yourself.”

In rural New Hampshire, a Spanish teacher took down a “Black Lives Matter” sign in her classroom. In Lubbock, Texas, a social studies teacher felt that candid political discussions with students were becoming “kind of like a tightrope.

In rural New Hampshire, a Spanish teacher took down a “Black Lives Matter” sign in her classroom. In Lubbock, Texas, a social studies teacher felt that candid political discussions with students were becoming “kind of like a tightrope.” And in Oklahoma City, a history teacher began to think twice about using the word “white” to describe people who defended slavery. In February, public school teachers traditionally shape lessons around Black History Month. But this year, educators in several states are handling their classes a bit more gingerly. Republican-led legislatures in several states passed laws last year to ban or limit schools from teaching that racism is infused in US institutions. And while students in those states are still learning about activists like Ida B. Wells and Claudette Colvin, and eras like Reconstruction and the civil rights movement, some teachers are also exercising a quiet restraint. The laws, they say, have added the threat of termination to the list of things they worry about, from pandemic safety to struggling students to staff shortages. “I am not going to let any of these laws deter me from the things that I think work best for students,” said Eric Parker, the history teacher in Oklahoma. “But I also enjoy working with students and having a roof over my head.” Since January 2021, according to a list compiled by Education Week, 37 states have introduced measures to limit how race and discrimination can be taught in public school classrooms, and 14 have imposed laws or rules to enforce these restrictions. “This legislation is very nebulous,” said Grace Leatherman, executive director of the National Council for History Education. “There is certainly a chilling effect.” Some teachers say the laws seem like politicized distractions, removed from the reality of modern classrooms where lesson plans adapt to students’ needs and curiosities. “There seems to be this perception that all our teachers are doing, every single day, is getting up there and demagoguing,” said Anton Schulzki, a history teacher in Colorado who is president of the National Council for the Social Studies. “And that’s just not the case.” While some educators have left or have lost their jobs amid debates over these new laws, there have not been reports of widespread terminations of teachers. And defenders of the measures say that they are not meant to stifle teachers’ speech. Gov. Chris Sununu of New Hampshire signed a bill in July that says no public employer should teach that people of any particular race or gender were “inherently racist, sexist or oppressive.” “Nothing in this bill prevents schools from teaching any aspect of American history, such as teaching about racism, sexism or slavery,” said Benjamin Vihstadt, a spokesperson for the governor. He added that teachers were “continuing these important lessons during Black History Month — as they should.” David Bullard, a state senator who sponsored a similar law in Oklahoma, has said that it is “false that the bill prohibits the teaching of racial topics or history.” According to the state’s academic standards, U.S. history classes can still cover a range of figures and subjects, including slavery, the abolitionist movement, the Tulsa massacre, W.E.B. Du Bois, Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and the Black Panthers. But in Oklahoma, as in several other states, the law bars educators from teaching that people are responsible for “actions committed in the past by other members of the same race or sex,” and from telling students that anyone should feel “discomfort, guilt, anguish or any other form of psychological distress” because of their race or sex. Parker, the teacher in Oklahoma, who said he could not speak on behalf of his district, said the law made him a little more anxious about what he says. Before it passed last year, he said, he might have used the word “white” to describe people who fought to preserve slavery in Texas during its bloody split from Mexico in the 19th century. Now, he would be more inclined to leave that descriptor out. Middle school students are smart, Parker added, and have absorbed enough history lessons to understand the context clues. “I let them sort it out for themselves,” he said. “Which Texans am I talking about? They probably know which Texans I’m talking about.” Some educators say that the vagueness of the new rules puts the burden on them to avoid any misinterpretation that could cost them their jobs. “We’ll know it’s wrong when they pull our license,” said Terry López Burlingame, who teaches at a rural K-8 school in Gilmanton, New Hampshire. “That’s how vague it is.” Although she removed her “Black Lives Matter” sign after her state passed a law against teaching that people of any particular race or gender were “inherently racist, sexist or oppressive,” López Burlingame said she did not shy away from discussing the history lessons that often accompany her Spanish lessons, including slavery across Latin America. But she still harbors some fear that her students’ parents could report her to local officials if she says something they don’t like. “When kids ask me questions, I pause longer than normal to think about how I am going to respond,” she said. “If I say the wrong thing, those kids will go home to their parents, who will do what they are doing all this year: going bonkers.” David Ring, a social studies teacher in Lubbock, usually celebrates Black History Month by asking his high school students to read King’s “Letter From Birmingham Jail.” That is in addition to topics he covers all year, including redlining. Ring, who is Black and Korean and is often the only person of color in the room, said he wanted his students to learn that the civil rights movement was not over. “For them, the year 2000 is like ancient history, and so trying to get them to understand that the 1960s weren’t that long ago, it’s baby steps,” he said. But under a new law, teachers in Texas must frame slavery as a deviation from the founding principles of the United States. And the law limits the teaching of “The 1619 Project,” an initiative by The New York Times Magazine that explores the continuing legacy of slavery in the United States and highlights the contributions that Black people have made to American society. But, Ring and other educators said, classrooms are not the only places for students to access information; smartphones are always at their fingertips. “I think that some of the legislation being passed disregards young people’s ability — especially this generation — to accept new information and process it, without feeling shame or guilt,” Ring said. Holly Reynolds, a high school social studies teacher in Salt Lake City, said the rules approved by Utah’s board of education last year — which echoed those of other states — were hard to follow because they were so vague. That has made her nervous about being targeted, she said, but she has tried to keep those fears out of the classroom. “If anything, it has strengthened my resolve that this is important work, and I need to keep doing it,” she said. Parker said that despite his concerns about Oklahoma’s new law, he hoped to hold on to his job while being open to the questions and opinions of his students, many of whom are English language learners approaching U.S. history with fresh eyes. “I always tell them, I don’t care what I say, or what your parents say, about the things that we learn,” he said. “You guys have to start deciding how you feel about it, for yourself.”

Teachers tackle black history month, under new restrictions

The exhibition titled Women and Change has begun in Denmark's Arken museum. It depicts 150 years of female art history.

150 years of female art history: The exhibition titled 'Women and Change' begins in Denmark

150 years of female art history: The exhibition titled 'Women and Change' begins

A massive personal collection of black history memorabilia is set to go under the hammer. The collection is owned by a member of the oldest black family in New York's Staten Island.

Black history memorabilia in New York: Over 20,000 items to go under the hammer

An Indian student in Dubai has achieved a rare feat. The 16-year-old has made history by getting the perfect score of 1600 in the SAT standardised test. &nbsp;&nbsp;

It is organised for university admissions in the US. &nbsp;

Ahaan Shetty, who is a Grade 11 student at GEMS Modern Academy in Dubai, got all his 154 questions correct. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/baby-calf-born-with-two-heads-in-india-catches-limelight-447066" hreflang="en">Baby calf born with two heads in India catches limelight</a>

The child got the highest possible score of 1600 (800 in maths; 800 in reading/writing) in SAT in December 2021. The results of the tests were announced last week. &nbsp;

Shetty is from Mumbai city in India. He had previously got a near-perfect score of 1520. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“I felt I could do better so I practiced some more and took the SAT again. I thought I did better this time but I was pleasantly surprised to get a perfect score,” said Shetty. &nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indian-education-boards-10th-12th-term-1-result-2022-not-to-be-released-today-report-447050" hreflang="en">Indian education board's 10th, 12th Term 1 Result 2022 not to be released today: Report</a>

He wants to study physics, which is his favourite subject, at a leading university in the US after graduating high school next year. &nbsp;

He also loves to play piano, sprint in track-and-field and is a big fan of robotics. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Shetty did not study the day before his SAT and feels that there is no short-cut for doing well in SAT – or any other exam. &nbsp;&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

An Indian student in Dubai has achieved a rare feat. The 16-year-old has made history by getting the perfect score of 1600 in the SAT standardised test. It is organised for university admissions in the US.

An Indian student in Dubai has achieved a rare feat. The 16-year-old has made history by getting the perfect score of 1600 in the SAT standardised test. It is organised for university admissions in the US. Ahaan Shetty, who is a Grade 11 student at GEMS Modern Academy in Dubai, got all his 154 questions correct. Also Read: Baby calf born with two heads in India catches limelight The child got the highest possible score of 1600 (800 in maths; 800 in reading/writing) in SAT in December 2021. The results of the tests were announced last week. Shetty is from Mumbai city in India. He had previously got a near-perfect score of 1520. “I felt I could do better so I practiced some more and took the SAT again. I thought I did better this time but I was pleasantly surprised to get a perfect score,” said Shetty. Also Read | Indian education board's 10th, 12th Term 1 Result 2022 not to be released today: Report He wants to study physics, which is his favourite subject, at a leading university in the US after graduating high school next year. He also loves to play piano, sprint in track-and-field and is a big fan of robotics. Shetty did not study the day before his SAT and feels that there is no short-cut for doing well in SAT – or any other exam. (With inputs from agencies)

Rare feat: Indian student in UAE makes history, bags perfect score of 1600 in SAT  

Amid a flurry of bills nationwide that seek to ban the teaching of critical race theory in schools, one such proposal in Virginia stood out.

Tucked inside a bill introduced by Wren Williams, a Republican delegate, was a glaring error: Among the concepts that school boards would be required to ensure students understood was “the first debate between Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass.”

But as scholars, Williams’ colleagues in the House of Delegates and others on social media noted, that debate was between not Lincoln and Frederick Douglass, the abolitionist, but Lincoln and Stephen Douglas, a Democratic senator from Illinois.

“The gross mistake in this bill is indicative of the need to have scholars and teachers, not legislators/politicians, shaping what students at every level learn in the classroom,” Caroline Janney, a professor of Civil War history at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, said in an email.

On Friday, Addison Merryman, a spokesman for Williams, released a statement from the state’s Division of Legislative Services, which took the blame for the error.

The mistake was inserted at the “drafting level following receipt of a historically accurate request from the office of Delegate Wren Williams,” according to the division, which described itself as a nonpartisan state agency that drafts, edits and releases “thousands of legislative drafts” for the General Assembly each session.

Merryman did not respond to additional questions about whether a historian had been consulted on the legislation or about concerns that the proposal could run afoul of the First Amendment. (Parts of that bill, such as a section that tells school boards not to “teach or incorporate into any course or class any divisive concept,” have been criticised as overly broad and likely to infringe on the free speech of students and educators.)

Instead, he referred to statements that he and Williams had made on Townhall, a conservative website. Merryman told Townhall that Williams had submitted an “anti-discrimination bill” that correctly referred to the Lincoln-Douglas debates.

Lincoln and Douglas met seven times in 1858, when Lincoln, a Republican, challenged Douglas for a U.S. Senate seat. Lincoln lost the election, but the debates between the two brilliant orators transfixed the country, drew attention to the bitter arguments over slavery and catapulted Lincoln to national fame.

Williams told Townhall that he was “frustrated” by the error.

“I have a very high standard for my office, and my service to my constituents and the Commonwealth,” he said.

“I trust this was an honest mistake,” he added, “and I don’t hold it against Legislative Services.”

The mix-up recalled remarks by President Donald Trump on the first day of Black History Month in 2017 in which he referred to Douglass in the present tense, leading some critics to conclude that he believed the abolitionist, who died in 1895, was still alive.

“Frederick Douglass is an example of somebody who’s done an amazing job and is being recognized more and more, I notice,” he said.

The error should not distract the public from the general contents of the bill, which would keep conversations about the United States’ racial history out of classrooms, said Lara Schwartz, a professor of government in the School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington.

“If this so-called divisive concepts bill became law, all of Virginia’s students would be the worse for it, and ignorance of our history would not just be a sad punchline — it would become more the norm,” she said in an email.

Critical race theory — an advanced academic concept generally not introduced until college — is not part of classroom teaching in Virginia. But during the statewide race last year, Williams, 33, a lawyer who worked on Trump’s failed efforts to overturn the election results in Wisconsin, said he would ban it in schools if he won.

He won the Republican nomination last June, unseating Charles Poindexter, a longtime legislator in the district, and then won 77% of the vote in the November general election, beating Bridgette Craighead, a Democrat.

The bill, the first one introduced by Williams, is pending in committee and must be passed by both the House of Delegates and the state Senate, where Democrats hold a slim majority.

The legislation would forbid school boards or educators to teach “any divisive concept,” encourage students to participate in political activism or “public policy advocacy,” or hire equity and diversity consultants.

The legislation’s wording “prohibits teachers from helping students understand the continuing role of racism in the development of American institutions and culture,” said James Grossman, executive director of the American Historical Association, which represents more than 11,500 historians. “It provides a chilling effect that makes teachers wary of teaching accurate American history.”

He said the bill had come from the same template as legislation introduced in more than 30 other states that seeks to ban or limit the teaching of “divisive concepts” relating to race and racism in classrooms.

Schwartz said that “the fact that there is a basic factual error in this bill has amused many people.”

She added, “But it’s a distraction from an issue that’s not funny at all: a wave of state legislation that has the effect and intent of impeding the important conversations that teachers and students need to have in their classrooms.”

Amid a flurry of bills nationwide that seek to ban the teaching of critical race theory in schools, one such proposal in Virginia stood out. Tucked inside a bill introduced by Wren Williams, a Republican delegate, was a glaring error: Among the concepts that school boards would be required to ensure students understood was “the first debate between Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass.

Amid a flurry of bills nationwide that seek to ban the teaching of critical race theory in schools, one such proposal in Virginia stood out. Tucked inside a bill introduced by Wren Williams, a Republican delegate, was a glaring error: Among the concepts that school boards would be required to ensure students understood was “the first debate between Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass.” But as scholars, Williams’ colleagues in the House of Delegates and others on social media noted, that debate was between not Lincoln and Frederick Douglass, the abolitionist, but Lincoln and Stephen Douglas, a Democratic senator from Illinois. “The gross mistake in this bill is indicative of the need to have scholars and teachers, not legislators/politicians, shaping what students at every level learn in the classroom,” Caroline Janney, a professor of Civil War history at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, said in an email. On Friday, Addison Merryman, a spokesman for Williams, released a statement from the state’s Division of Legislative Services, which took the blame for the error. The mistake was inserted at the “drafting level following receipt of a historically accurate request from the office of Delegate Wren Williams,” according to the division, which described itself as a nonpartisan state agency that drafts, edits and releases “thousands of legislative drafts” for the General Assembly each session. Merryman did not respond to additional questions about whether a historian had been consulted on the legislation or about concerns that the proposal could run afoul of the First Amendment. (Parts of that bill, such as a section that tells school boards not to “teach or incorporate into any course or class any divisive concept,” have been criticised as overly broad and likely to infringe on the free speech of students and educators.) Instead, he referred to statements that he and Williams had made on Townhall, a conservative website. Merryman told Townhall that Williams had submitted an “anti-discrimination bill” that correctly referred to the Lincoln-Douglas debates. Lincoln and Douglas met seven times in 1858, when Lincoln, a Republican, challenged Douglas for a U.S. Senate seat. Lincoln lost the election, but the debates between the two brilliant orators transfixed the country, drew attention to the bitter arguments over slavery and catapulted Lincoln to national fame. Williams told Townhall that he was “frustrated” by the error. “I have a very high standard for my office, and my service to my constituents and the Commonwealth,” he said. “I trust this was an honest mistake,” he added, “and I don’t hold it against Legislative Services.” The mix-up recalled remarks by President Donald Trump on the first day of Black History Month in 2017 in which he referred to Douglass in the present tense, leading some critics to conclude that he believed the abolitionist, who died in 1895, was still alive. “Frederick Douglass is an example of somebody who’s done an amazing job and is being recognized more and more, I notice,” he said. The error should not distract the public from the general contents of the bill, which would keep conversations about the United States’ racial history out of classrooms, said Lara Schwartz, a professor of government in the School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington. “If this so-called divisive concepts bill became law, all of Virginia’s students would be the worse for it, and ignorance of our history would not just be a sad punchline — it would become more the norm,” she said in an email. Critical race theory — an advanced academic concept generally not introduced until college — is not part of classroom teaching in Virginia. But during the statewide race last year, Williams, 33, a lawyer who worked on Trump’s failed efforts to overturn the election results in Wisconsin, said he would ban it in schools if he won. He won the Republican nomination last June, unseating Charles Poindexter, a longtime legislator in the district, and then won 77% of the vote in the November general election, beating Bridgette Craighead, a Democrat. The bill, the first one introduced by Williams, is pending in committee and must be passed by both the House of Delegates and the state Senate, where Democrats hold a slim majority. The legislation would forbid school boards or educators to teach “any divisive concept,” encourage students to participate in political activism or “public policy advocacy,” or hire equity and diversity consultants. The legislation’s wording “prohibits teachers from helping students understand the continuing role of racism in the development of American institutions and culture,” said James Grossman, executive director of the American Historical Association, which represents more than 11,500 historians. “It provides a chilling effect that makes teachers wary of teaching accurate American history.” He said the bill had come from the same template as legislation introduced in more than 30 other states that seeks to ban or limit the teaching of “divisive concepts” relating to race and racism in classrooms. Schwartz said that “the fact that there is a basic factual error in this bill has amused many people.” She added, “But it’s a distraction from an issue that’s not funny at all: a wave of state legislation that has the effect and intent of impeding the important conversations that teachers and students need to have in their classrooms.”

A bill proposed a new way to teach history. It got the history wrong

At a time when numerous companies faced supply chain issues or registered losses due to various factors triggered by the pandemic, it seems some firms have done exceptionally well beyond expectation. &nbsp;

One of such companies is Britain's Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. On Monday, the firm announced that it witnessed record annual sales in 2021. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/this-ex-mcdonalds-cook-is-now-the-11th-richest-person-in-the-world-443696" hreflang="en">This ex-McDonald's cook is now the 11th richest person in the world</a>

The whole sector on a broader scale experienced a slump due to semiconductor shortage. &nbsp;

Sales surged almost 50 per cent to 5,586 cars for the company. It set records in most regions, which include the Americas, Asia-Pacific and Greater China, and other countries around the world, said German-owned luxury carmaker. &nbsp;

The demand seems to have been powered by its new "Ghost" coupe and 2.6-tonne, 350,000-euro Cullinan SUV. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/south-korea-presidential-candidate-backs-billionaires-online-anti-communism-campaign-443685" hreflang="en">South Korea: Presidential candidate backs billionaire’s online anti-communism campaign</a>

In a statement, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Chief Executive Torsten Muller-Otvos said, "2021 was a phenomenal year for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. We delivered more cars than at any time in the marque's 117-year history with unprecedented demand for all products in every global market.” &nbsp;

Meanwhile, it is also preparing to launch Spectre, which will be its first all-electric car. &nbsp;

The brand’s cars are considered as a luxury status symbol by the whole world. &nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

At a time when numerous companies faced supply chain issues or registered losses due to various factors triggered by the pandemic, it seems some firms have done exceptionally well beyond expectation.

At a time when numerous companies faced supply chain issues or registered losses due to various factors triggered by the pandemic, it seems some firms have done exceptionally well beyond expectation. One of such companies is Britain's Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. On Monday, the firm announced that it witnessed record annual sales in 2021. Also Read: This ex-McDonald's cook is now the 11th richest person in the world The whole sector on a broader scale experienced a slump due to semiconductor shortage. Sales surged almost 50 per cent to 5,586 cars for the company. It set records in most regions, which include the Americas, Asia-Pacific and Greater China, and other countries around the world, said German-owned luxury carmaker. The demand seems to have been powered by its new "Ghost" coupe and 2.6-tonne, 350,000-euro Cullinan SUV. Also Read: South Korea: Presidential candidate backs billionaire’s online anti-communism campaign In a statement, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Chief Executive Torsten Muller-Otvos said, "2021 was a phenomenal year for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. We delivered more cars than at any time in the marque's 117-year history with unprecedented demand for all products in every global market.” Meanwhile, it is also preparing to launch Spectre, which will be its first all-electric car. The brand’s cars are considered as a luxury status symbol by the whole world. (With inputs from agencies)

For first time in its 117-year history, luxury carmaker Rolls-Royce saw record sales in 2021

The Christmas time is back. You can witness several people buying numerous things to gift loved ones. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Be it the stores of clothes or toys, there is enormous crowd in many shops at this time. But truly, this festival, which is primarily celebrated by Christians, is beyond just gifting. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Nowadays, it has also started to attract people belonging to other religions. So, it is advisable to know about it in detail to save yourself from embarrassment at any point of time. &nbsp;

The Celebration &nbsp;&nbsp;

The term Christmas in English means “mass on Christ’s day”.&nbsp;This festival is celebrated on December 25 every year around the world by singing carols, decorating Christmas tree and house, enjoying delicacies, gifting things to loved ones, attending midnight mass at churches on eve and a lot more. &nbsp;

People savour delicacies like Christmas cake, pudding, roasted turkey, gingerbread, mashed potatoes, eggnog, roasted chicken, mince-pie, mulled wine, etc.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/with-display-of-687000-christmas-lights-family-breaks-own-world-record-in-us-434318">With display of 687,000 Christmas lights, family breaks own world record in US</a>

On this occasion, Santa, who supposedly lives in the North Pole, visits the houses of people to give gifts according to the wishes of the children. &nbsp;

In a nutshell, people look to spread happiness and spend time with loved ones. &nbsp;

History &nbsp;

It marks the birth of Jesus Christ, who is regarded as the son of God. Christ was born to Joseph and Mary in Bethlehem. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/tourists-enjoy-christmas-in-kashmir-valley-270208">Tourists enjoy Christmas in Kashmir valley</a>

Although the exact date and month of Christ's birth seem to be unknown, the Western Christian Church declared December 25 as the date for birth of Christ to officially recognise it. It was actually first identified by Sextus Julius Africanus in 221 AD. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Significance &nbsp;

Christmas is celebrated by numerous people around the world. It has become one of the biggest festivals over the years. &nbsp;

People celebrate this day as the one when God had sent his son on earth to rid the world of their sins.&nbsp;

The Christmas time is back. You can witness several people buying numerous things to gift loved ones. Be it the stores of clothes or toys, there is enormous crowd in many shops at this time.

The Christmas time is back. You can witness several people buying numerous things to gift loved ones. Be it the stores of clothes or toys, there is enormous crowd in many shops at this time. But truly, this festival, which is primarily celebrated by Christians, is beyond just gifting. Nowadays, it has also started to attract people belonging to other religions. So, it is advisable to know about it in detail to save yourself from embarrassment at any point of time. The Celebration The term Christmas in English means “mass on Christ’s day”. This festival is celebrated on December 25 every year around the world by singing carols, decorating Christmas tree and house, enjoying delicacies, gifting things to loved ones, attending midnight mass at churches on eve and a lot more. People savour delicacies like Christmas cake, pudding, roasted turkey, gingerbread, mashed potatoes, eggnog, roasted chicken, mince-pie, mulled wine, etc. Also Read: With display of 687,000 Christmas lights, family breaks own world record in US On this occasion, Santa, who supposedly lives in the North Pole, visits the houses of people to give gifts according to the wishes of the children. In a nutshell, people look to spread happiness and spend time with loved ones. History It marks the birth of Jesus Christ, who is regarded as the son of God. Christ was born to Joseph and Mary in Bethlehem. Also Read: Tourists enjoy Christmas in Kashmir valley Although the exact date and month of Christ's birth seem to be unknown, the Western Christian Church declared December 25 as the date for birth of Christ to officially recognise it. It was actually first identified by Sextus Julius Africanus in 221 AD. Significance Christmas is celebrated by numerous people around the world. It has become one of the biggest festivals over the years. People celebrate this day as the one when God had sent his son on earth to rid the world of their sins.

Christmas 2021: Here's what you should know

Creating record of sorts, a pig painter&nbsp;called as Pigcasso, has created an artwork, which has been sold for a whopping £20,000. &nbsp;

The animal painter, who was saved from going under the knife as a piglet at the 11th hour by owner Joanne Lefson, has become a world-renowned artist. &nbsp;&nbsp;

The sale has broken the earlier record of £14,000 for an artwork by an animal. It was set in 2005 by a chimp named Congo. &nbsp;

On Monday, the painting, which is called ‘Wild and Free’, was bought by a German national, Peter Esser. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/in-miraculous-save-two-babies-in-us-survive-tornado-by-sheltering-in-bathtub-438260" hreflang="en">In miraculous save, two babies in US survive tornado by sheltering in bathtub</a>

The painting contains acrylic streaks of blue, green and white on a large canvas. The painter took many weeks to complete it. &nbsp; &nbsp;

The pig and the owner reside at Farm Sanctuary SA, which is a safe haven for rescued farm animals in the Franschhoek Valley of South Africa. &nbsp;

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For a slightly different farm experience a visit to Farm Sanctuary SA will leave you with a deeper appreciation for rescued farm animals. For more information visit <a href="https://t.co/liyZo2vPFZ">https://t.co/liyZo2vPFZ</a>. <a href="https://t.co/Ta3WOmkmKv">pic.twitter.com/Ta3WOmkmKv</a>
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After completion, the artwork, which was posted on social media, got sold in just 72 hours of release. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Lefson said, “I wanted to have Pigcasso create something that had never be done before." &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/goldmine-for-archaeologists-remains-of-five-ice-age-mammoths-found-in-uk-438277" hreflang="en">Goldmine for archaeologists? Remains of five ice age mammoths found in UK</a>

The owner noticed pig’s unique talent when some paintbrushes were left in its stall by accident. &nbsp;&nbsp;

On nurturing it, Pigcasso was able to create over 400 artworks in last five years. &nbsp;&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Creating record of sorts, a pig painter called as Pigcasso, has created an artwork, which has been sold for a whopping £20,000. The animal painter, who was saved from going under the knife as a piglet at the 11th hour by owner Joanne Lefson, has become a world-renowned artist.

Creating record of sorts, a pig painter called as Pigcasso, has created an artwork, which has been sold for a whopping £20,000. The animal painter, who was saved from going under the knife as a piglet at the 11th hour by owner Joanne Lefson, has become a world-renowned artist. The sale has broken the earlier record of £14,000 for an artwork by an animal. It was set in 2005 by a chimp named Congo. On Monday, the painting, which is called ‘Wild and Free’, was bought by a German national, Peter Esser. Also Read: In miraculous save, two babies in US survive tornado by sheltering in bathtub The painting contains acrylic streaks of blue, green and white on a large canvas. The painter took many weeks to complete it. The pig and the owner reside at Farm Sanctuary SA, which is a safe haven for rescued farm animals in the Franschhoek Valley of South Africa. For a slightly different farm experience a visit to Farm Sanctuary SA will leave you with a deeper appreciation for rescued farm animals. For more information visit https://t.co/liyZo2vPFZ. pic.twitter.com/Ta3WOmkmKv — #Franschhoek (@Franschhoek_SA) November 24, 2020 × After completion, the artwork, which was posted on social media, got sold in just 72 hours of release. Lefson said, “I wanted to have Pigcasso create something that had never be done before." Also Read: Goldmine for archaeologists? Remains of five ice age mammoths found in UK The owner noticed pig’s unique talent when some paintbrushes were left in its stall by accident. On nurturing it, Pigcasso was able to create over 400 artworks in last five years. (With inputs from agencies)

Pig painter Pigcasso’s artwork sells for whopping £20,000, creates history

In a bid to learn about Historical events from the minute details of the ancient frescos, scientists use machine learning and robots to study them.

Robots to study ancient frescos: Machine learning project explores possibilities

In Pics | Human Rights Day 2021 - Theme, global challenges, history

Taiwan on Wednesday welcomed the first European Parliament delegation to visit the island, calling the trip significant and its latest move towards stronger ties with Europe amid heightened tensions between Taipei and Beijing.

Taiwan, which China claims as its own territory and has not ruled out taking by force, does not have formal diplomatic relations with any European countries apart from Vatican City. But it is keen to deepen ties with European Union democracies.

Also Read |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/as-blinken-meets-wang-yi-c">&nbsp;As Blinken meets Wang Yi, Chinese jets enter Taiwan's airspace</a>

"The delegation was the first official delegation dispatched by the European Parliament to Taiwan in history, which is of great significance," the foreign ministry said in a statement.

The delegation, led by French Member of the European Parliament Raphael Glucksmann, will discuss complex threats including disinformation and cyber attacks with Taiwan officials, the ministry added.

The three-day visit was organised by a European Parliament committee on foreign interference such as disinformation in democratic processes.

Taiwan's Presidential Office said in a statement the government will share experiences in dealing with challenges including "foreign infiltration" with the delegation.

"The experience of Taiwan in addressing repeated and sophisticated attacks through the mobilisation of its whole society, and without restricting its democracy, is unique," Glucksmann said in a statement before departing for Taiwan.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-nuke-sniffer-plane-flies-over-south-china-sea-report-426091">US 'nuke sniffer' plane flies over South China Sea: Report</a>

President Tsai Ing-wen has warned of increasing Chinese efforts to gain influence in the democratic island and has asked security agencies to counter the infiltration efforts.

The EU lawmakers'&nbsp;visit comes after Taiwan Foreign Minister Joseph Wu made a rare trip to Europe last month that angered Beijing, which warned the host countries against undermining their bilateral relations with China.

The European Parliament last month adopted a non-binding resolution to deepen ties with Taiwan, including looking into a bilateral investment agreement.

The delegation will meet Taiwan Premier Su Tseng-chang later on Wednesday before a meeting with Tsai on Thursday.

Taiwan on Wednesday welcomed the first European Parliament delegation to visit the island, calling the trip significant and its latest move towards stronger ties with Europe amid heightened tensions between Taipei and Beijing.

Taiwan on Wednesday welcomed the first European Parliament delegation to visit the island, calling the trip significant and its latest move towards stronger ties with Europe amid heightened tensions between Taipei and Beijing. Taiwan, which China claims as its own territory and has not ruled out taking by force, does not have formal diplomatic relations with any European countries apart from Vatican City. But it is keen to deepen ties with European Union democracies. Also Read | As Blinken meets Wang Yi, Chinese jets enter Taiwan's airspace "The delegation was the first official delegation dispatched by the European Parliament to Taiwan in history, which is of great significance," the foreign ministry said in a statement. The delegation, led by French Member of the European Parliament Raphael Glucksmann, will discuss complex threats including disinformation and cyber attacks with Taiwan officials, the ministry added. The three-day visit was organised by a European Parliament committee on foreign interference such as disinformation in democratic processes. Taiwan's Presidential Office said in a statement the government will share experiences in dealing with challenges including "foreign infiltration" with the delegation. "The experience of Taiwan in addressing repeated and sophisticated attacks through the mobilisation of its whole society, and without restricting its democracy, is unique," Glucksmann said in a statement before departing for Taiwan. Also Read | US 'nuke sniffer' plane flies over South China Sea: Report President Tsai Ing-wen has warned of increasing Chinese efforts to gain influence in the democratic island and has asked security agencies to counter the infiltration efforts. The EU lawmakers' visit comes after Taiwan Foreign Minister Joseph Wu made a rare trip to Europe last month that angered Beijing, which warned the host countries against undermining their bilateral relations with China. The European Parliament last month adopted a non-binding resolution to deepen ties with Taiwan, including looking into a bilateral investment agreement. The delegation will meet Taiwan Premier Su Tseng-chang later on Wednesday before a meeting with Tsai on Thursday.

Taiwan welcomes first official European Parliament delegation

An ampoule of Antarctic air from the year 1765 has formed the centrepiece of a new exhibition. It reveals the hidden histories contained in polar ice for the visitors attending the Cop26 climate conference in Glasgow.

Artist Wayne Binitie has spent the last five years undertaking the collaboration with scientists of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) to analyse and preserve cylinders of ice from deep in the ice sheet that record past climate change.

In what is being termed as a pivotal moment for the planet, the ice cores have allowed Binitie to display in Glasgow.&nbsp;

The Polar Zero exhibition at the Glasgow Science Centre features a cylindrical glass sculpture containing the air which has been extracted precisely from 1765.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/jeff-bezos-shares-an-old-article-predicting-amazons-failure-elon-musk-replies-419819">Also read |&nbsp;Jeff Bezos shares an old article predicting Amazon's failure, Elon Musk replies</a>

A second cylinder presents an ice core containing tiny bubbles of air that were trapped as snow fell and compacted. Now, they reveal the horrifying rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide since that date.

The glaciologist Dr Robert Mulvaney, who was responsible for mining the ice for the BAS said that it is possible to drill out ice from a particular era.

Watch | Pope Francis emphasises on need to act on climate change

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/pope-francis-emphasises-on-need-to-act-on-climate-change-419077/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

He was quoted by The Guardian as saying, "Snow falls in Antarctica year by year – but there’s no melting going on. So the snow builds up and compresses all the years of snow beneath. As we drill down we’re driving further and further into the past – a bit like counting the rings of a big tree."

“What helps is that every so often we know that a certain volcano blew up in a particular year and we may find evidence of that. So using our drills to find a specific year isn’t quite as hard as you would imagine."

He explains how the visitors at Polar Zero will hear the ancient air bubbles popping as the ice core emerges from its insulated tube. This will further blend with Binitie’s immersive soundtrack of music and natural sounds and can touch and even taste the iced water.&nbsp;

An ampoule of Antarctic air from the year 1765 has formed the centrepiece of a new exhibition. It reveals the hidden histories contained in polar ice for the visitors attending the Cop26 climate conference in Glasgow.

An ampoule of Antarctic air from the year 1765 has formed the centrepiece of a new exhibition. It reveals the hidden histories contained in polar ice for the visitors attending the Cop26 climate conference in Glasgow. Artist Wayne Binitie has spent the last five years undertaking the collaboration with scientists of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) to analyse and preserve cylinders of ice from deep in the ice sheet that record past climate change. In what is being termed as a pivotal moment for the planet, the ice cores have allowed Binitie to display in Glasgow. The Polar Zero exhibition at the Glasgow Science Centre features a cylindrical glass sculpture containing the air which has been extracted precisely from 1765. Also read | Jeff Bezos shares an old article predicting Amazon's failure, Elon Musk replies A second cylinder presents an ice core containing tiny bubbles of air that were trapped as snow fell and compacted. Now, they reveal the horrifying rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide since that date. The glaciologist Dr Robert Mulvaney, who was responsible for mining the ice for the BAS said that it is possible to drill out ice from a particular era. Watch | Pope Francis emphasises on need to act on climate change He was quoted by The Guardian as saying, "Snow falls in Antarctica year by year – but there’s no melting going on. So the snow builds up and compresses all the years of snow beneath. As we drill down we’re driving further and further into the past – a bit like counting the rings of a big tree." “What helps is that every so often we know that a certain volcano blew up in a particular year and we may find evidence of that. So using our drills to find a specific year isn’t quite as hard as you would imagine." He explains how the visitors at Polar Zero will hear the ancient air bubbles popping as the ice core emerges from its insulated tube. This will further blend with Binitie’s immersive soundtrack of music and natural sounds and can touch and even taste the iced water.

Capsule from 1765 containing air reveal facts about Antarctic ice

October 10 in history: United Airlines explodes mid-air, Caribbean hurricane kills 20,000, and more

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The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on October 2, which also happens to be the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the Indian independence movement and the pioneer of the philosophy of non-violence.

The International Day of Non-Violence honours how Gandhi’s practice and legacy have had a global influence.&nbsp;

According to the General Assembly resolution of June 15, 2007, which established the commemoration, International Day is an occasion to "disseminate the message of non-violence, including through education and public awareness".

The resolution states that&nbsp;"the universal relevance of the principle of non-violence" and the desire "to secure a culture of peace, tolerance, understanding and non-violence".

History&nbsp;

Anand Sharma, India’s then-Minister of State for External Affairs, introduced the resolution at the General Assembly on behalf of 140 co-sponsors.

He said that the wide and diverse sponsorship of the resolution was a reflection of the universal respect for Mahatma Gandhi and of the enduring relevance of his philosophy.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/mahatma-gandhi-as-a-journalist-what-the-father-of-nation-said-about-newspapers-417484">Also read |&nbsp;Mahatma Gandhi as a journalist: What the Father of Nation said about newspapers</a>

He said, "Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man".

What is non-violence?

Non-violence rejects the use of physical violence to achieve social or political change. Described as "the politics of ordinary people", this form of social struggle has been adopted by mass populations all across the globe.

A leading scholar on non-violent resistance, Professor Gene Sharp, has defined non-violence as: "Nonviolent action is a technique by which people who reject passivity and submission, and who see struggle as essential, can wage their conflict without violence. Nonviolent action is not an attempt to avoid or ignore conflict. It is one response to the problem of how to act effectively in politics, especially how to wield powers effectively." 
&nbsp;

The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on October 2, which also happens to be the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the Indian independence movement and the pioneer of the philosophy of non-violence.

The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on October 2, which also happens to be the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the Indian independence movement and the pioneer of the philosophy of non-violence. The International Day of Non-Violence honours how Gandhi’s practice and legacy have had a global influence. According to the General Assembly resolution of June 15, 2007, which established the commemoration, International Day is an occasion to "disseminate the message of non-violence, including through education and public awareness". The resolution states that "the universal relevance of the principle of non-violence" and the desire "to secure a culture of peace, tolerance, understanding and non-violence". History Anand Sharma, India’s then-Minister of State for External Affairs, introduced the resolution at the General Assembly on behalf of 140 co-sponsors. He said that the wide and diverse sponsorship of the resolution was a reflection of the universal respect for Mahatma Gandhi and of the enduring relevance of his philosophy. Also read | Mahatma Gandhi as a journalist: What the Father of Nation said about newspapers He said, "Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man". What is non-violence? Non-violence rejects the use of physical violence to achieve social or political change. Described as "the politics of ordinary people", this form of social struggle has been adopted by mass populations all across the globe. A leading scholar on non-violent resistance, Professor Gene Sharp, has defined non-violence as: "Nonviolent action is a technique by which people who reject passivity and submission, and who see struggle as essential, can wage their conflict without violence. Nonviolent action is not an attempt to avoid or ignore conflict. It is one response to the problem of how to act effectively in politics, especially how to wield powers effectively."

International day of non-violence: History and significance

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) observes World Maritime Day every year.&nbsp; 
Individual governments determine the precise day, normally observed during the final week of September, usually on the last Thursday of the month. This year, the day will be observed on September 30. 
The day is aimed to draw public attention to maritime safety and the marine environment, as well as IMO initiatives in a particular area.

History&nbsp; 
In 1948, an international conference in Geneva passed a convention establishing the IMO. This was aimed to be a specialised agency of the United Nations that develops and maintains a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping.&nbsp;

In 1982, the international maritime organization (IMO) took the name Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO).

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/international-translation-day-2021-theme-and-significance-417192">Also read |&nbsp;International translation day 2021: Theme and significance</a>

The main objective of the IMO is to focus on areas such as safety, including environmental issues, legal issues, technical cooperation, maritime safety and maritime efficiency.&nbsp;

World Maritime Day was celebrated for the first time on March 17, 1978.

Theme 
This year's theme is “Seafarers: at the core of shipping’s future".&nbsp;

The theme aims to extend the visibility of seafarers by highlighting the important roles they play now and will continue to play in the future.

As per the UN, "The World Maritime theme for 2021 will provide the opportunity to focus on seafarers as the people at the heart of shipping, while also allowing for activities to delve into specific topics relevant to the role of the seafarer in safety, maritime security, environmental protection and seafarersʹ well-being; and the future of seafaring against a backdrop of increased digitalsation and automation." 
&nbsp;

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) observes World Maritime Day every year. Individual governments determine the precise day, normally observed during the final week of September, usually on the last Thursday of the month.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) observes World Maritime Day every year. Individual governments determine the precise day, normally observed during the final week of September, usually on the last Thursday of the month. This year, the day will be observed on September 30. The day is aimed to draw public attention to maritime safety and the marine environment, as well as IMO initiatives in a particular area. History In 1948, an international conference in Geneva passed a convention establishing the IMO. This was aimed to be a specialised agency of the United Nations that develops and maintains a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping. In 1982, the international maritime organization (IMO) took the name Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO). Also read | International translation day 2021: Theme and significance The main objective of the IMO is to focus on areas such as safety, including environmental issues, legal issues, technical cooperation, maritime safety and maritime efficiency. World Maritime Day was celebrated for the first time on March 17, 1978. Theme This year's theme is “Seafarers: at the core of shipping’s future". The theme aims to extend the visibility of seafarers by highlighting the important roles they play now and will continue to play in the future. As per the UN, "The World Maritime theme for 2021 will provide the opportunity to focus on seafarers as the people at the heart of shipping, while also allowing for activities to delve into specific topics relevant to the role of the seafarer in safety, maritime security, environmental protection and seafarersʹ well-being; and the future of seafaring against a backdrop of increased digitalsation and automation."

World maritime day 2021: History and theme

September 29 in history: Isabella II becomes Spanish Queen, CERN established, and more

Observed on September 22 every year, the World Rose Day is dedicated to cancer patients all across the globe. &nbsp; &nbsp;

The purpose of celebrating this day is to bring happiness and hope into the lives of such patients. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;

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It looks to remind them that they can emerge victorious in their battle against cancer with the help of determination and positivity. It also tells them that they are not alone in this fight. &nbsp;

History &nbsp;&nbsp;

World Rose Day is observed each year in the memory of 12-year-old Melinda Rose from Canada. According to reports, Rose was diagnosed with Askin's Tumour, a rare form of blood cancer, in 1994. She had died in 1996. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/university-of-florence-to-offer-masters-degree-in-coffee-414833" hreflang="en">University of Florence to offer masters degree in coffee</a>

Although the doctors had said that she might live only for a few weeks, Rose went on to keep fighting with the disease for over three years. &nbsp;&nbsp;

She spent the time in sharing letters, verses, poems, e-mails, etc with other cancer patients to cheer them up. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-hubble-telescope-captures-massive-eye-of-dying-star-414846" hreflang="en">NASA's Hubble Telescope captures massive 'eye' of dying star</a>

It seems her kindness and hope in the tough times became an inspiration for celebration of World Rose Day. &nbsp;

Significance &nbsp;

On this day, people offer roses, cards and gifts to cancer patients and their caregivers. This small gesture can play an important role in their difficult journey. &nbsp;&nbsp;

The fight against cancer is both physical and psychological, and events such as this day can give inner strength and motivation to the patients to keep moving forward. &nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Observed on September 22 every year, the World Rose Day is dedicated to cancer patients all across the globe. The purpose of celebrating this day is to bring happiness and hope into the lives of such patients.

Observed on September 22 every year, the World Rose Day is dedicated to cancer patients all across the globe. The purpose of celebrating this day is to bring happiness and hope into the lives of such patients. Watch: × It looks to remind them that they can emerge victorious in their battle against cancer with the help of determination and positivity. It also tells them that they are not alone in this fight. History World Rose Day is observed each year in the memory of 12-year-old Melinda Rose from Canada. According to reports, Rose was diagnosed with Askin's Tumour, a rare form of blood cancer, in 1994. She had died in 1996. Also Read: University of Florence to offer masters degree in coffee Although the doctors had said that she might live only for a few weeks, Rose went on to keep fighting with the disease for over three years. She spent the time in sharing letters, verses, poems, e-mails, etc with other cancer patients to cheer them up. Also Read: NASA's Hubble Telescope captures massive 'eye' of dying star It seems her kindness and hope in the tough times became an inspiration for celebration of World Rose Day. Significance On this day, people offer roses, cards and gifts to cancer patients and their caregivers. This small gesture can play an important role in their difficult journey. The fight against cancer is both physical and psychological, and events such as this day can give inner strength and motivation to the patients to keep moving forward. (With inputs from agencies)

World Rose Day 2021: History, significance and what you need to know

Leaders from more than 100 countries are in New York this week for the United Nations' annual high-level summit — a COVID-inflected, semi-locked-down occasion that takes place in one of the pandemic's hardest-hit cities.

It will be a departure from the UN General Assembly's last in-person meeting in 2019 — and far different, too, from last year’s all-virtual version.

President Joe Biden of the United States, Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro are among the heads of state expected to attend the summit from September 20 to 27.

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping, as well as France's Emmanuel Macron and Iran's new president Ebrahim Raisi, are among the no-shows.&nbsp; 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/in-pics-united-nations-general-assembly-history-significance-and-functions-414393">In Pics | United Nations General Assembly- History, significance, and functions</a> 
 
The following are the major issues that are expected to dominate discussions at the UN and on the sidelines this year:&nbsp;

Climate crisis:

In the run-up to November's major climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland, some 40 world leaders will attend a confidential meeting on climate change co-chaired by Guterres and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

"We need immediate action on cash, automobiles, coal, and trees," said Barbara Woodward, Britain's UN ambassador. 
She stated that this entails funding $100 billion to assist disadvantaged countries in dealing with climate change and obtaining ambitious emission reduction goals from countries.&nbsp;

COVID-19 vaccinations:

On Wednesday, Biden will host a virtual summit focused on taking tangible steps to stop the pandemic.

As many countries struggle to procure vaccines, Biden plans to call on world leaders to give one billion COVID-19 vaccines as a group, to inoculate 70% of the world in the following year.

According to an invitation made by the Biden administration, the US will also call for the contribution and delivery of one billion test kits by 2022, as well as an acceleration of a previously stated pledge of 2 billion doses. They're referred to as "draught targets" in the text.&nbsp;

Afghanistan:

The UN is in a pickle, having warned of a "humanitarian disaster" if aid does not continue to flow into the war-torn country.

Few countries want to recognise or assist the Taliban administration, which includes sanctioned terrorists and has a lengthy history of human rights violations, but they also don't want the withdrawal of international forces to trigger a refugee crisis or worsen existing problems.

In a meeting on Wednesday, the foreign ministers of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council — the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, China, and France — are likely to discuss Afghanistan.&nbsp;

Iran: Iran's new president will not attend, but Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian will represent the Islamic Republic. Talks over the UN-backed Iran nuclear deal have stalled, and the US and its Western allies have warned that time is running out to keep the accord alive.&nbsp;

Quad Alliance:&nbsp;

The leaders of three of America's closest Asian friends, including Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, will travel to Washington on Friday for the Quad bloc's first in-person meeting.

The Indo-Pacific alliance is largely viewed as an attempt to present a united face against China's regional ambitions, and the gathering is expected to draw Beijing's ire.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Leaders from more than 100 countries are in New York this week for the United Nations' annual high-level summit — a COVID-inflected, semi-locked-down occasion that takes place in one of the pandemic's hardest-hit cities.

Leaders from more than 100 countries are in New York this week for the United Nations' annual high-level summit — a COVID-inflected, semi-locked-down occasion that takes place in one of the pandemic's hardest-hit cities. It will be a departure from the UN General Assembly's last in-person meeting in 2019 — and far different, too, from last year’s all-virtual version. President Joe Biden of the United States, Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro are among the heads of state expected to attend the summit from September 20 to 27. Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping, as well as France's Emmanuel Macron and Iran's new president Ebrahim Raisi, are among the no-shows. In Pics | United Nations General Assembly- History, significance, and functions The following are the major issues that are expected to dominate discussions at the UN and on the sidelines this year: Climate crisis: In the run-up to November's major climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland, some 40 world leaders will attend a confidential meeting on climate change co-chaired by Guterres and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson. "We need immediate action on cash, automobiles, coal, and trees," said Barbara Woodward, Britain's UN ambassador. She stated that this entails funding $100 billion to assist disadvantaged countries in dealing with climate change and obtaining ambitious emission reduction goals from countries. COVID-19 vaccinations: On Wednesday, Biden will host a virtual summit focused on taking tangible steps to stop the pandemic. As many countries struggle to procure vaccines, Biden plans to call on world leaders to give one billion COVID-19 vaccines as a group, to inoculate 70% of the world in the following year. According to an invitation made by the Biden administration, the US will also call for the contribution and delivery of one billion test kits by 2022, as well as an acceleration of a previously stated pledge of 2 billion doses. They're referred to as "draught targets" in the text. Afghanistan: The UN is in a pickle, having warned of a "humanitarian disaster" if aid does not continue to flow into the war-torn country. Few countries want to recognise or assist the Taliban administration, which includes sanctioned terrorists and has a lengthy history of human rights violations, but they also don't want the withdrawal of international forces to trigger a refugee crisis or worsen existing problems. In a meeting on Wednesday, the foreign ministers of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council — the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, China, and France — are likely to discuss Afghanistan. Iran: Iran's new president will not attend, but Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian will represent the Islamic Republic. Talks over the UN-backed Iran nuclear deal have stalled, and the US and its Western allies have warned that time is running out to keep the accord alive. Quad Alliance: The leaders of three of America's closest Asian friends, including Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, will travel to Washington on Friday for the Quad bloc's first in-person meeting. The Indo-Pacific alliance is largely viewed as an attempt to present a united face against China's regional ambitions, and the gathering is expected to draw Beijing's ire. (With inputs from agencies)

United Nations General Assembly 2021: Here's what to watch for

In Pics | United Nations General Assembly- History, significance, and functions

In the year 1787, delegates from 12 of the 13 United States gathered in Philadelphia to try to create something they desperately need, a government that actually works.

The entire process began in York, Pennsylvania.&nbsp;

In 1777 the Continental Congress, meeting in the York County Courthouse after fleeing the British occupation of Philadelphia approves the Articles of Confederation. The article achieves two lasting results - it names the new country “The United States of America,” and it gives York bragging rights as the first capital of the country.

In order to maintain the sovereignty of the individual states, the creators of the Articles of Confederation made the central government too weak to hold things together.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/september-17-in-history-first-space-shuttle-tamils-recognition-and-more-328063">Also read |&nbsp;September 17 in history: First space shuttle, Tamil's recognition and more</a>

Therefore, in 1787 the delegates at what will become known as the Constitutional Convention start the task of revising the Articles of Confederation.&nbsp;

From May to September the delegates worked on the same.&nbsp;

On September 17, the delegates gathered one last time, and voted to present their finished product to the Confederation Congress, and signed the Constitution.

On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the new Constitution.&nbsp;

After a period of 230 years and 27 amendments, the basic framework remains unchanged.

Constitution Day dates back to 1940 when Congress and the President passed a resolution creating “I Am an American Day".&nbsp; 
This was done to recognize new American citizens, to be observed on the third Sunday in May.&nbsp;

Then In 1952, the holiday is renamed “Constitution Day” and the date moved to September 17.&nbsp;

In 2004 Congress changed the name of the holiday to Constitution Day and Citizenship Day.&nbsp;

So the day now honours both the Constitution and those who choose to live under that Constitution.

On the occasion, US President Joe Biden highlighted how American democracy requires our constant care, vigilance, and full participation to determine the course and conscience of our Union.&nbsp;

"As President, I swore an oath to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution, and I will continue to work tirelessly to ensure that we uphold and strengthen this remarkable system of self-government for future generations ready to put their own shoulders to the wheel", he wrote in a press release.

In the year 1787, delegates from 12 of the 13 United States gathered in Philadelphia to try to create something they desperately need, a government that actually works.

In the year 1787, delegates from 12 of the 13 United States gathered in Philadelphia to try to create something they desperately need, a government that actually works. The entire process began in York, Pennsylvania. In 1777 the Continental Congress, meeting in the York County Courthouse after fleeing the British occupation of Philadelphia approves the Articles of Confederation. The article achieves two lasting results - it names the new country “The United States of America,” and it gives York bragging rights as the first capital of the country. In order to maintain the sovereignty of the individual states, the creators of the Articles of Confederation made the central government too weak to hold things together. Also read | September 17 in history: First space shuttle, Tamil's recognition and more Therefore, in 1787 the delegates at what will become known as the Constitutional Convention start the task of revising the Articles of Confederation. From May to September the delegates worked on the same. On September 17, the delegates gathered one last time, and voted to present their finished product to the Confederation Congress, and signed the Constitution. On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the new Constitution. After a period of 230 years and 27 amendments, the basic framework remains unchanged. Constitution Day dates back to 1940 when Congress and the President passed a resolution creating “I Am an American Day". This was done to recognize new American citizens, to be observed on the third Sunday in May. Then In 1952, the holiday is renamed “Constitution Day” and the date moved to September 17. In 2004 Congress changed the name of the holiday to Constitution Day and Citizenship Day. So the day now honours both the Constitution and those who choose to live under that Constitution. On the occasion, US President Joe Biden highlighted how American democracy requires our constant care, vigilance, and full participation to determine the course and conscience of our Union. "As President, I swore an oath to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution, and I will continue to work tirelessly to ensure that we uphold and strengthen this remarkable system of self-government for future generations ready to put their own shoulders to the wheel", he wrote in a press release.

September 17 celebrated as US Constitution Day: History and Significance

A fragile shield of gas, known as the ozone layer, protects the Earth from the harmful rays of the sun. However, this protective layer is threatened by industrial and other forms of pollution.

The thinning of the ozone layer, if left unchecked, will eventually expose humans to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, particularly the harmful UVB-type radiation, known to cause skin cancer and induce cataract formation.

To raise awareness about the need to protect this layer, the world observes International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone layer on September 16 every year.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/the-beautiful-aurora-may-be-depleting-the-ozone-layer-study-408127">Also read |&nbsp;The beautiful Aurora may be depleting the Ozone layer: Study</a>

Marking the global event, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, wrote on Twitter, “through joint climate action, we can win the race against the existential threat of climate change”. He also used the hashtag ‘OzoneDay'.

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The cooperation we have seen to successfully protect and heal the ozone layer is what we desperately need now to address the climate crisis. 
 
Through joint <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateAction?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ClimateAction</a>, we can win the race against the existential threat of climate change. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/OzoneDay?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#OzoneDay</a>
— António Guterres (@antonioguterres) <a href="https://twitter.com/antonioguterres/status/1438344390078914569?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 16, 2021</a></blockquote>
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United Nations, on its official Twitter handle, wrote that the healing of the ozone layer was an example of how the world can come together to address global challenges, such as the climate crisis.

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16 September is <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/WorldOzoneDay?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#WorldOzoneDay</a> - a chance to celebrate that invisible layer that keeps us all safe from the sun. ☀️ 
 
We must keep protecting it. 
 
Find out more via <a href="https://twitter.com/UNEP?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@UNEP</a>: <a href="https://t.co/7HWrOi0xZu">https://t.co/7HWrOi0xZu</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/KeepingCool?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#KeepingCool</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ForNature?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ForNature</a> <a href="https://t.co/ys29I92rdh">pic.twitter.com/ys29I92rdh</a>
— UN Biodiversity (@UNBiodiversity) <a href="https://twitter.com/UNBiodiversity/status/1438501425214984192?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 16, 2021</a></blockquote>
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The day dates back to Montreal protocol.

This one protocol regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 man-made chemicals referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS).&nbsp;

It was adopted in 1987 and is the only UN treaty that has been ratified by all 198 member-states.&nbsp;

In the year 1994, the UN General Assembly declared September 16 as the International Day for the Prevention of the Ozone layer.&nbsp;

A united global effort meant that the hole in the ozone layer is healing. The Montreal Protocol's main objective is to protect the ozone layer by curbing global production and consumption of substances that deplete it.

"A united global effort to phase out ozone-depleting substances means that today, the hole in the ozone layer is healing, in turn protecting human health, economies and ecosystems. But, as this year’s World Ozone Day seeks to highlight, the Montreal Protocol does so much more – such as slowing climate change and helping to boost energy efficiency in the cooling sector, which contributes to food security", read the official website of the United Nations.&nbsp;

A fragile shield of gas, known as the ozone layer, protects the Earth from the harmful rays of the sun. However, this protective layer is threatened by industrial and other forms of pollution.

A fragile shield of gas, known as the ozone layer, protects the Earth from the harmful rays of the sun. However, this protective layer is threatened by industrial and other forms of pollution. The thinning of the ozone layer, if left unchecked, will eventually expose humans to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, particularly the harmful UVB-type radiation, known to cause skin cancer and induce cataract formation. To raise awareness about the need to protect this layer, the world observes International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone layer on September 16 every year. Also read | The beautiful Aurora may be depleting the Ozone layer: Study Marking the global event, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, wrote on Twitter, “through joint climate action, we can win the race against the existential threat of climate change”. He also used the hashtag ‘OzoneDay'. The cooperation we have seen to successfully protect and heal the ozone layer is what we desperately need now to address the climate crisis. Through joint #ClimateAction, we can win the race against the existential threat of climate change. #OzoneDay — António Guterres (@antonioguterres) September 16, 2021 × United Nations, on its official Twitter handle, wrote that the healing of the ozone layer was an example of how the world can come together to address global challenges, such as the climate crisis. 16 September is #WorldOzoneDay - a chance to celebrate that invisible layer that keeps us all safe from the sun. ☀️ We must keep protecting it. Find out more via @UNEP: https://t.co/7HWrOi0xZu #KeepingCool #ForNature pic.twitter.com/ys29I92rdh — UN Biodiversity (@UNBiodiversity) September 16, 2021 × The day dates back to Montreal protocol. This one protocol regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 man-made chemicals referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). It was adopted in 1987 and is the only UN treaty that has been ratified by all 198 member-states. In the year 1994, the UN General Assembly declared September 16 as the International Day for the Prevention of the Ozone layer. A united global effort meant that the hole in the ozone layer is healing. The Montreal Protocol's main objective is to protect the ozone layer by curbing global production and consumption of substances that deplete it. "A united global effort to phase out ozone-depleting substances means that today, the hole in the ozone layer is healing, in turn protecting human health, economies and ecosystems. But, as this year’s World Ozone Day seeks to highlight, the Montreal Protocol does so much more – such as slowing climate change and helping to boost energy efficiency in the cooling sector, which contributes to food security", read the official website of the United Nations.

International day for preservation of ozone layer: Significance and history

A new exhibition in Berlin is exploring how the favorite artists of the Nazi regime continued to work uninterrupted after the Second World War .The exhibition "Divinely Gifted" National Socialists favorite artists in the federal republic" shows how some artists that embraced the Hitler dictatorship continued to create, to teach and to make a living after 1945, without much regard to their past.

Exhibition explores what happened to Hitler's favourite artists after WWII

A huge wildfire tearing through northern California became the third-largest in the state's history Friday, and looked set to continue growing.

A long-term drought that scientists say is driven by climate change has left the western United States parched&nbsp;and vulnerable to explosive and highly destructive fires.

The Dixie Fire, which this week razed the Gold Rush town of Greenville, has torched more than 1,700 square kilometers&nbsp;since it erupted in mid-July.&nbsp;

Plumas County Sheriff Todd Johns, who is helping to coordinate the fight against the fire, said the destruction was&nbsp;devastating.

"I am a lifelong resident of Greenville. My heart is crushed by what has occurred there," he told a briefing on Thursday.

"To the folks that have lost residences and businesses... their life is now forever changed.

"All I can tell you is: I'm sorry."

The town of Greenville stood charred and in ruins Friday, with timber structures gone completely and some stone buildings reduced to rubble.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/in-search-of-covid-19-origin-us-intel-agencies-scour-massive-genetic-data-from-wuhan-lab-403569">Also read |&nbsp;In search of COVID-19 origin, US intel agencies scour massive genetic data from Wuhan lab</a>

Johns said there were no injuries so far from the huge blaze, but stressed it was vital that people in the path of the fire heed evacuation warnings.

"This fire is not over. If that plume is anywhere near your direction... you need to prepare. Wherever the wind blows this fire, that's where it's going to go."

Gusting winds

More than 5,000 personnel are battling the blaze, which is sending enormous clouds of smoke into the air that are easily visible from space.

Incident managers said Friday they were expecting gusting winds would fan the blaze.

Those winds, coupled with steep terrain and an abundance of very dry vegetation, were fueling the flames and making the work of firefighters more difficult.

The Dixie Fire grew overnight by a fifth, to more than 430,000 acres, making it larger than the Bootleg Fire that has laid waste to a swathe of Oregon over the last month.

Thousands of square kilometers of the western United States have burned this year, an alarming result of the warming planet that has affected weather patterns.

By late July, the number of acres burned in California was up more than 250 percent from 2020, itself the worst year of wildfires in the state's modern history.

The Dixie Fire has evoked painful memories of the Paradise Fire, the deadliest blaze in California's recent history.

Faulty power lines sparked that inferno, which swept through the northern town of Paradise in 2018, killing 86 people. Pacific Gas and Electric, California's largest energy utility firm, was deemed responsible.

PG&amp;E equipment is again being blamed for the Dixie Fire, after a tree fell on a power conductor the day the blaze began.

The utility announced in late July it will bury 10,000 miles&nbsp; of power lines in a massive bid to prevent its equipment from igniting more deadly wildfires.

Greenville itself is no stranger to fire disasters. A catastrophic blaze destroyed much of the town in 1881, and several major infernos have threatened residents in the intervening 140 years.&nbsp;&nbsp;

A huge wildfire tearing through northern California became the third-largest in the state's history Friday, and looked set to continue growing. A long-term drought that scientists say is driven by climate change has left the western United States parched and vulnerable to explosive and highly destructive fires.

A huge wildfire tearing through northern California became the third-largest in the state's history Friday, and looked set to continue growing. A long-term drought that scientists say is driven by climate change has left the western United States parched and vulnerable to explosive and highly destructive fires. The Dixie Fire, which this week razed the Gold Rush town of Greenville, has torched more than 1,700 square kilometers since it erupted in mid-July. Plumas County Sheriff Todd Johns, who is helping to coordinate the fight against the fire, said the destruction was devastating. "I am a lifelong resident of Greenville. My heart is crushed by what has occurred there," he told a briefing on Thursday. "To the folks that have lost residences and businesses... their life is now forever changed. "All I can tell you is: I'm sorry." The town of Greenville stood charred and in ruins Friday, with timber structures gone completely and some stone buildings reduced to rubble. Also read | In search of COVID-19 origin, US intel agencies scour massive genetic data from Wuhan lab Johns said there were no injuries so far from the huge blaze, but stressed it was vital that people in the path of the fire heed evacuation warnings. "This fire is not over. If that plume is anywhere near your direction... you need to prepare. Wherever the wind blows this fire, that's where it's going to go." Gusting winds More than 5,000 personnel are battling the blaze, which is sending enormous clouds of smoke into the air that are easily visible from space. Incident managers said Friday they were expecting gusting winds would fan the blaze. Those winds, coupled with steep terrain and an abundance of very dry vegetation, were fueling the flames and making the work of firefighters more difficult. The Dixie Fire grew overnight by a fifth, to more than 430,000 acres, making it larger than the Bootleg Fire that has laid waste to a swathe of Oregon over the last month. Thousands of square kilometers of the western United States have burned this year, an alarming result of the warming planet that has affected weather patterns. By late July, the number of acres burned in California was up more than 250 percent from 2020, itself the worst year of wildfires in the state's modern history. The Dixie Fire has evoked painful memories of the Paradise Fire, the deadliest blaze in California's recent history. Faulty power lines sparked that inferno, which swept through the northern town of Paradise in 2018, killing 86 people. Pacific Gas and Electric, California's largest energy utility firm, was deemed responsible. PG&E equipment is again being blamed for the Dixie Fire, after a tree fell on a power conductor the day the blaze began. The utility announced in late July it will bury 10,000 miles of power lines in a massive bid to prevent its equipment from igniting more deadly wildfires. Greenville itself is no stranger to fire disasters. A catastrophic blaze destroyed much of the town in 1881, and several major infernos have threatened residents in the intervening 140 years.

Dixie fire becomes third-largest in California history

In a rare incident at a nature reserve on the island of Kyushu in Japan, a nine-year-old female known as Yakei has become the boss of a 677-strong troop of Japanese macaque monkeys.

It all started in April when she beat up her mother to become the alpha female of the troop at the Takasakiyama natural zoological garden in Oita city.&nbsp;

Yakei also threw her 10kg weight around among the males.

In June, she challenged the 31-year-old alpha male, Sanchu, who had been the leader of “troop B” at the reserve for five years.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/twitter-partners-with-ap-reuters-to-battle-misinformation-on-its-site-402672">Also read |&nbsp;Twitter partners with AP, Reuters to battle misinformation on its site</a>

The wardens at the zoological garden then carried out a “peanut test” as they put out nuts for the group, seeing who ate first.&nbsp;

Satoshi Kimoto, a guide at Takasakiyama, was quoted by The Guardian as saying, "Since then, Yakei has been climbing trees and shaking them, which is an expression of power and a very rare behaviour in females".

Kimoto further added, "She has been walking around with her tail up, which is also very unusual for a female".

In a rare incident at a nature reserve on the island of Kyushu in Japan, a nine-year-old female known as Yakei has become the boss of a 677-strong troop of Japanese macaque monkeys.

In a rare incident at a nature reserve on the island of Kyushu in Japan, a nine-year-old female known as Yakei has become the boss of a 677-strong troop of Japanese macaque monkeys. It all started in April when she beat up her mother to become the alpha female of the troop at the Takasakiyama natural zoological garden in Oita city. Yakei also threw her 10kg weight around among the males. In June, she challenged the 31-year-old alpha male, Sanchu, who had been the leader of “troop B” at the reserve for five years. Also read | Twitter partners with AP, Reuters to battle misinformation on its site The wardens at the zoological garden then carried out a “peanut test” as they put out nuts for the group, seeing who ate first. Satoshi Kimoto, a guide at Takasakiyama, was quoted by The Guardian as saying, "Since then, Yakei has been climbing trees and shaking them, which is an expression of power and a very rare behaviour in females". Kimoto further added, "She has been walking around with her tail up, which is also very unusual for a female".

Japan reserve gets first alpha female monkey in 70-year history

Friendships day is celebrated on the first Sunday of August in countries like India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates and the United States.

The history of the day goes back to 1930 when it was first organised by the founder of Hallmark Cards, Joyce Hall.

He intended this day to be celebrated on August 2.&nbsp;

However, people quickly realised that it was only an opportunity to sell greeting cards and the holiday died down in the United States.&nbsp;

In most countries across Asia, Friendship day is still celebrated on August 2.

The World Friendship Crusade proposed an International Friendship Day on July 30, 1958. It is an international civil organisation that campaigns to foster peaceful culture through friendship.&nbsp;

The idea of globally celebrating Friendship Day came to Dr Ramon Artemio Bracho on July 20, 1958.

Also, in 1998, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s wife Nane Annan named the cartoon character, Winnie the Pooh, as the world's Ambassador of Friendship at the United Nations.&nbsp;

The event was co-hosted by Kathy Lee Gifford and co-sponsored by the UN Department of Public Information and Disney Enterprises.

People usually celebrate this day by sending and receiving gifts, spending quality time with their best friends.&nbsp; 
In various countries, people also tie friendships band to their best friends.&nbsp;

Friendships day is celebrated on the first Sunday of August in countries like India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates and the United States. The history of the day goes back to 1930 when it was first organised by the founder of Hallmark Cards, Joyce Hall.

Friendships day is celebrated on the first Sunday of August in countries like India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates and the United States. The history of the day goes back to 1930 when it was first organised by the founder of Hallmark Cards, Joyce Hall. He intended this day to be celebrated on August 2. However, people quickly realised that it was only an opportunity to sell greeting cards and the holiday died down in the United States. In most countries across Asia, Friendship day is still celebrated on August 2. The World Friendship Crusade proposed an International Friendship Day on July 30, 1958. It is an international civil organisation that campaigns to foster peaceful culture through friendship. The idea of globally celebrating Friendship Day came to Dr Ramon Artemio Bracho on July 20, 1958. Also, in 1998, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s wife Nane Annan named the cartoon character, Winnie the Pooh, as the world's Ambassador of Friendship at the United Nations. The event was co-hosted by Kathy Lee Gifford and co-sponsored by the UN Department of Public Information and Disney Enterprises. People usually celebrate this day by sending and receiving gifts, spending quality time with their best friends. In various countries, people also tie friendships band to their best friends.

International friendship day 2021: date, history, celebration

Ancient Egypt met modern medical technology on Monday (June 21) when an Egyptian mummy underwent a CT scan at a Milan hospital as part of a research project to discover what he looked like, how he lived and how he died.

Milan hospital uses CT scan to discover life and death of Egyptian mummy

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