Scientists have identified an interesting similarity between the Earth and an exoplanet WASP-189b.

Astronomers have discovered more than 4,400&nbsp;exoplanets.&nbsp;Some have been large gas planets akin to Jupiter.

Others have been smaller, rocky Earth-like worlds, the kind considered candidates for harboring life, but currently available scientific instruments tell us little about their atmospheres.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-evidence-of-an-extreme-solar-tsunami-deep-within-earths-ice-448784" hreflang="en">Scientists find evidence of an extreme solar 'tsunami' deep within Earth's ice</a>

The atmosphere of Earth is not a uniform envelope but consists of distinct layers that each have characteristic properties.&nbsp;

The lowest layer spans from sea level beyond the highest mountain peaks, for example,&nbsp;the troposphere&nbsp;contains most of the water vapour and is thus the layer in which most weather phenomena occur. The layer above it,&nbsp;the stratosphere – is the one that contains the famous ozone layer that shields us from the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.

The research shows for the first time that the atmosphere of one of the most extreme known planets may have similarly distinct layers as well – albeit with very different characteristics.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-hundreds-of-complex-mysterious-strands-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way-448248" hreflang="en">Scientists find hundreds of complex, mysterious strands at the heart of the Milky Way</a>

The study, conducted by researchers from the University of Bern and the University of Geneva as well as the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), has been published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

WASP-189b is a planet outside our own solar system, located 322 light-years from Earth. The planet is 20 times closer to its host star than Earth is to the Sun and has a daytime temperature of 3200 degrees Celsius as per extensive observations with the CHEOPS space telescope.

“We measured the light coming from the planet’s host star and passing through the planet’s atmosphere. The gases in its atmosphere absorb some of the starlight, similar to Ozone absorbing some of the sunlight in Earth’s atmosphere, and thereby leave their characteristic ‘fingerprint’. With the help of HARPS, we were able to identify the corresponding substances”, the lead author of the study and doctoral student at Lund University, Bibiana Prinoth, explains.&nbsp;

One particularly interesting substance the team found is a gas containing titanium: titanium oxide. While titanium oxide is very scarce on Earth, it could play an important role in the atmosphere of WASP-189b – similar to that of ozone in Earth’s atmosphere.&nbsp;

“Titanium oxide absorbs short wave radiation, such as ultraviolet radiation. Its detection could therefore indicate a layer in the atmosphere of WASP-189b that interacts with the stellar irradiation similarly to how the Ozone layer does on Earth”, study co-author Kevin Heng, a professor of astrophysics at the University of Bern and a member of the NCCR PlanetS, explains.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

Scientists have identified an interesting similarity between the Earth and an exoplanet WASP-189b. Astronomers have discovered more than 4,400 exoplanets. Some have been large gas planets akin to Jupiter.

Scientists have identified an interesting similarity between the Earth and an exoplanet WASP-189b. Astronomers have discovered more than 4,400 exoplanets. Some have been large gas planets akin to Jupiter. Others have been smaller, rocky Earth-like worlds, the kind considered candidates for harboring life, but currently available scientific instruments tell us little about their atmospheres. Also read | Scientists find evidence of an extreme solar 'tsunami' deep within Earth's ice The atmosphere of Earth is not a uniform envelope but consists of distinct layers that each have characteristic properties. The lowest layer spans from sea level beyond the highest mountain peaks, for example, the troposphere contains most of the water vapour and is thus the layer in which most weather phenomena occur. The layer above it, the stratosphere – is the one that contains the famous ozone layer that shields us from the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. The research shows for the first time that the atmosphere of one of the most extreme known planets may have similarly distinct layers as well – albeit with very different characteristics. Also read | Scientists find hundreds of complex, mysterious strands at the heart of the Milky Way The study, conducted by researchers from the University of Bern and the University of Geneva as well as the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), has been published in the journal Nature Astronomy. WASP-189b is a planet outside our own solar system, located 322 light-years from Earth. The planet is 20 times closer to its host star than Earth is to the Sun and has a daytime temperature of 3200 degrees Celsius as per extensive observations with the CHEOPS space telescope. “We measured the light coming from the planet’s host star and passing through the planet’s atmosphere. The gases in its atmosphere absorb some of the starlight, similar to Ozone absorbing some of the sunlight in Earth’s atmosphere, and thereby leave their characteristic ‘fingerprint’. With the help of HARPS, we were able to identify the corresponding substances”, the lead author of the study and doctoral student at Lund University, Bibiana Prinoth, explains. One particularly interesting substance the team found is a gas containing titanium: titanium oxide. While titanium oxide is very scarce on Earth, it could play an important role in the atmosphere of WASP-189b – similar to that of ozone in Earth’s atmosphere. “Titanium oxide absorbs short wave radiation, such as ultraviolet radiation. Its detection could therefore indicate a layer in the atmosphere of WASP-189b that interacts with the stellar irradiation similarly to how the Ozone layer does on Earth”, study co-author Kevin Heng, a professor of astrophysics at the University of Bern and a member of the NCCR PlanetS, explains. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists identify interesting similarity between this exoplanet and Earth

An asteroid, which is bigger than world’s tallest building, will pass ‘near’ Earth on February 1. &nbsp;&nbsp;

There is absolutely no need to worry as the Asteroid 7482, which is near-Earth object, is "very well-known and has been studied for decades" by NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/planet-killer-asteroid-passes-near-earth-track-it-live-here-445708" hreflang="en">Planet-killer asteroid passes near Earth. Track it live here</a>

An object, which comes within 30 million miles of Earth, gets classified as a near-Earth object. &nbsp;&nbsp;

It is also known as 1194 PC1 in NASA's asteroid database. NASA said, "Rest assured, 1994 PC1 will safely fly past our planet 1.2 million miles away." &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-catches-glimpse-of-sun-emitting-mid-level-solar-flare-will-it-harm-us-446463" hreflang="en">NASA catches glimpse of Sun emitting mid-level solar flare. Will it harm us?</a>

Dr Susanna Kohler of American Astronomical Society, said, "One of the really cool things about a close-passing rock, like Asteroid 7482 (1994 PC1) is being able to watch as it soars past. &nbsp;

"There are a tonnes of asteroids and comets out there, but the majority are so far away that we can’t see their motion in real-time. The fact that this one’s coming so close provides a unique opportunity to actually watch it move across the sky," added Kohler. &nbsp;

"There are lots of observatories that will be live-streaming the event on the internet as Asteroid 7482 (1994 PC1) passes," Kohler further added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

An asteroid, which is bigger than world’s tallest building, will pass ‘near’ Earth on February 1. There is absolutely no need to worry as the Asteroid 7482, which is near-Earth object, is "very well-known and has been studied for decades" by NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office.

An asteroid, which is bigger than world’s tallest building, will pass ‘near’ Earth on February 1. There is absolutely no need to worry as the Asteroid 7482, which is near-Earth object, is "very well-known and has been studied for decades" by NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office. Also Read: Planet-killer asteroid passes near Earth. Track it live here An object, which comes within 30 million miles of Earth, gets classified as a near-Earth object. It is also known as 1194 PC1 in NASA's asteroid database. NASA said, "Rest assured, 1994 PC1 will safely fly past our planet 1.2 million miles away." Also Read: NASA catches glimpse of Sun emitting mid-level solar flare. Will it harm us? Dr Susanna Kohler of American Astronomical Society, said, "One of the really cool things about a close-passing rock, like Asteroid 7482 (1994 PC1) is being able to watch as it soars past. "There are a tonnes of asteroids and comets out there, but the majority are so far away that we can’t see their motion in real-time. The fact that this one’s coming so close provides a unique opportunity to actually watch it move across the sky," added Kohler. "There are lots of observatories that will be live-streaming the event on the internet as Asteroid 7482 (1994 PC1) passes," Kohler further added. (With inputs from agencies)

Huge asteroid to pass ‘near’ Earth on February 1. Should we worry? Look up to find out   

The James Webb Space Telescope meant to 'Unfold the Universe' and give an unprecedented glimpse into the universe has reached its orbital destination around a million miles (1.5 million kilometres) away from planet Earth, NASA informed.&nbsp;

The US space agency further stated that almost a month after the launch, the telescope fired its thrusters to arrive at its designated spot in orbit around the sun.&nbsp;

At around 2:00pm Eastern Time, the telescope fired its onboard thrusters for nearly five minutes (297 seconds) to complete the final postlaunch course correction to its trajectory.&nbsp;

The latest process has inserted Webb toward its final orbit around the second Sun-Earth Lagrange point, or L2, where it is believed that it will have a wide view of the cosmos.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/weekend-special-will-scientists-reveal-the-secret-behind-presence-of-alien-life-in-universe-446732">Will scientists reveal the secret behind presence of alien life in universe?</a>

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🏠 Home, home on Lagrange! We successfully completed our burn to start <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NASAWebb?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NASAWebb</a> on its orbit of the 2nd Lagrange point (L2), about a million miles (1.5 million km) from Earth. It will orbit the Sun, in line with Earth, as it orbits L2. <a href="https://t.co/bsIU3vccAj">https://t.co/bsIU3vccAj</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/UnfoldTheUniverse?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#UnfoldTheUniverse</a> <a href="https://t.co/WDhuANEP5h">pic.twitter.com/WDhuANEP5h</a>
— NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASAWebb/status/1485695028622209032?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 24, 2022</a></blockquote>
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"Webb, welcome home!" said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. "Congratulations to the team for all of their hard work ensuring Webb's safe arrival at L2 today. We're one step closer to uncovering the mysteries of the universe. And I can’t wait to see Webb's first new views of the universe this summer!" he added.&nbsp;

What's next?

NASA informed that now engineers will begin the sophisticated three-month process of aligning the telescope's optics to nearly nanometer precision. &nbsp;

It is expected that it will take months of work to prepare Webb for its astronomical debut.&nbsp;

After Webb's primary mirror segments and secondary mirror have been deployed from their launch positions. The 18 segments of its principal mirror now need to be aligned to achieve the mirror's proper focus, a process that will take three months to complete.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-astronomers-identify-mysterious-particles-in-primordial-soup-447255">In a first, astronomers identify mysterious particles in 'primordial soup'</a>

"During the past month, JWST has achieved amazing success and is a tribute to all the folks who spent many years and even decades to ensure mission success," said Bill Ochs, Webb project manager at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp;

"We are now on the verge of aligning the mirrors, instrument activation and commissioning, and the start of wondrous and astonishing discoveries," he added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The James Webb Space Telescope meant to 'Unfold the Universe' and give an unprecedented glimpse into the universe has reached its orbital destination around a million miles (1.

The James Webb Space Telescope meant to 'Unfold the Universe' and give an unprecedented glimpse into the universe has reached its orbital destination around a million miles (1.5 million kilometres) away from planet Earth, NASA informed. The US space agency further stated that almost a month after the launch, the telescope fired its thrusters to arrive at its designated spot in orbit around the sun. At around 2:00pm Eastern Time, the telescope fired its onboard thrusters for nearly five minutes (297 seconds) to complete the final postlaunch course correction to its trajectory. The latest process has inserted Webb toward its final orbit around the second Sun-Earth Lagrange point, or L2, where it is believed that it will have a wide view of the cosmos. ALSO READ | Will scientists reveal the secret behind presence of alien life in universe? 🏠 Home, home on Lagrange! We successfully completed our burn to start #NASAWebb on its orbit of the 2nd Lagrange point (L2), about a million miles (1.5 million km) from Earth. It will orbit the Sun, in line with Earth, as it orbits L2. https://t.co/bsIU3vccAj #UnfoldTheUniverse pic.twitter.com/WDhuANEP5h — NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb) January 24, 2022 × "Webb, welcome home!" said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. "Congratulations to the team for all of their hard work ensuring Webb's safe arrival at L2 today. We're one step closer to uncovering the mysteries of the universe. And I can’t wait to see Webb's first new views of the universe this summer!" he added. What's next? NASA informed that now engineers will begin the sophisticated three-month process of aligning the telescope's optics to nearly nanometer precision. It is expected that it will take months of work to prepare Webb for its astronomical debut. After Webb's primary mirror segments and secondary mirror have been deployed from their launch positions. The 18 segments of its principal mirror now need to be aligned to achieve the mirror's proper focus, a process that will take three months to complete. ALSO READ | In a first, astronomers identify mysterious particles in 'primordial soup' "During the past month, JWST has achieved amazing success and is a tribute to all the folks who spent many years and even decades to ensure mission success," said Bill Ochs, Webb project manager at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "We are now on the verge of aligning the mirrors, instrument activation and commissioning, and the start of wondrous and astonishing discoveries," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

What's next after NASA's James Webb Space Telescope reaches final destination, a million miles from Earth?

A recent study led by the University of Hawaii states that earth is going through its sixth mass extinction. There have been five mass extinctions so far. However, all of those were caused by natural phenomena. This time, it is being caused entirely by humans.&nbsp;

The process of extinction is not new to earth. It has been going on since the 16th century. The study further highlights that earth could have already lost about 7.5 and 13 per cent of its total species since then.&nbsp;

"Incorporating estimates of the true number of invertebrate extinctions leads to the conclusion that the rate vastly exceeds the background rate and that we may indeed be witnessing the start of the sixth mass extinction," the study read.&nbsp;

As a part of the study, the team of researchers analysed molluscs, which happens to be the second-largest phylum in numbers of known species. According to the IUCN Red List data, molluscs have suffered a higher rate of extinction than birds and mammals.&nbsp;

Invertebrates, however, constitute about 95 per cent of known animal species.

Therefore, it is important to include them in the biodiversity extinction estimate, researchers argue.&nbsp;

The study also countered the views presented by some of the researchers. The head of the research, Robert Cowie, said that the Red list is biased as it leaves out most invertebrates. "Incorporating estimates of the true number of invertebrate extinctions leads to the conclusion that the rate vastly exceeds the background rate and that we may indeed be witnessing the start of the Sixth Mass Extinction,” the study read.&nbsp;

The study further urged the scientists to unite and do everything to stop the extinction of species.&nbsp;

A recent study led by the University of Hawaii states that earth is going through its sixth mass extinction. There have been five mass extinctions so far. However, all of those were caused by natural phenomena.

A recent study led by the University of Hawaii states that earth is going through its sixth mass extinction. There have been five mass extinctions so far. However, all of those were caused by natural phenomena. This time, it is being caused entirely by humans. The process of extinction is not new to earth. It has been going on since the 16th century. The study further highlights that earth could have already lost about 7.5 and 13 per cent of its total species since then. "Incorporating estimates of the true number of invertebrate extinctions leads to the conclusion that the rate vastly exceeds the background rate and that we may indeed be witnessing the start of the sixth mass extinction," the study read. As a part of the study, the team of researchers analysed molluscs, which happens to be the second-largest phylum in numbers of known species. According to the IUCN Red List data, molluscs have suffered a higher rate of extinction than birds and mammals. Invertebrates, however, constitute about 95 per cent of known animal species. Therefore, it is important to include them in the biodiversity extinction estimate, researchers argue. The study also countered the views presented by some of the researchers. The head of the research, Robert Cowie, said that the Red list is biased as it leaves out most invertebrates. "Incorporating estimates of the true number of invertebrate extinctions leads to the conclusion that the rate vastly exceeds the background rate and that we may indeed be witnessing the start of the Sixth Mass Extinction,” the study read. The study further urged the scientists to unite and do everything to stop the extinction of species.

Earth is witnessing its sixth mass extinction, humans to be blamed: Study

If a research is to be believed, the Earth’s interior seems to be cooling down faster than expected. It may follow the footsteps of rocky planets Mercury and Mars. &nbsp;

The study, which has been carried out by ETH Professor Motohiko Murakami and his colleagues from Carnegie Institution for Science, has been published in the 'Earth and Planetary Science Letters Journal'. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-potato-in-space-in-unique-discovery-oblong-shaped-planet-found-444593" hreflang="en">A potato in space? In unique discovery, oblong-shaped planet found</a>

These experts have developed a measurement system, which enables to measure the thermal conductivity of bridgmanite in the laboratory. It is done under the pressure and temperature conditions that prevail inside the Earth. &nbsp;

It suggested that the heat flow from the core into the mantle is also more than what was thought previously. The greater heat flow increases mantle convection and spikes the cooling of the Earth. &nbsp;&nbsp;

It also causes plate tectonics to decelerate faster than expected based on previous heat conduction values. The tectonics are responsible for the convective motions of the mantle. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/gorilla-in-space-filmmaker-shares-clip-where-astronaut-chases-colleague-in-primate-suit-at-iss-443871" hreflang="en">Gorilla in space? Filmmaker shares clip where astronaut chases colleague in primate suit at ISS</a>

These changes seem to be leading to the cooling down of the planet, said the researchers. &nbsp;

"Our results could give us a new perspective on the evolution of the Earth's dynamics. They suggest that Earth, like the other rocky planets Mercury and Mars, is cooling and becoming inactive much faster than expected," Murakami explained. &nbsp;

"We still don't know enough about these kinds of events to pin down their timing," he said. &nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies) &nbsp;&nbsp;

If a research is to be believed, the Earth’s interior seems to be cooling down faster than expected. It may follow the footsteps of rocky planets Mercury and Mars.

If a research is to be believed, the Earth’s interior seems to be cooling down faster than expected. It may follow the footsteps of rocky planets Mercury and Mars. The study, which has been carried out by ETH Professor Motohiko Murakami and his colleagues from Carnegie Institution for Science, has been published in the 'Earth and Planetary Science Letters Journal'. Also Read: A potato in space? In unique discovery, oblong-shaped planet found These experts have developed a measurement system, which enables to measure the thermal conductivity of bridgmanite in the laboratory. It is done under the pressure and temperature conditions that prevail inside the Earth. It suggested that the heat flow from the core into the mantle is also more than what was thought previously. The greater heat flow increases mantle convection and spikes the cooling of the Earth. It also causes plate tectonics to decelerate faster than expected based on previous heat conduction values. The tectonics are responsible for the convective motions of the mantle. Also Read: Gorilla in space? Filmmaker shares clip where astronaut chases colleague in primate suit at ISS These changes seem to be leading to the cooling down of the planet, said the researchers. "Our results could give us a new perspective on the evolution of the Earth's dynamics. They suggest that Earth, like the other rocky planets Mercury and Mars, is cooling and becoming inactive much faster than expected," Murakami explained. "We still don't know enough about these kinds of events to pin down their timing," he said. (With inputs from agencies)

Earth's interior cooling faster than expected, says research. What will happen next?

Is there life on Mars?&nbsp;To investigate the possibility of life beyond Earth, scientists are looking forward to a giant leap for the human race with maybe a trip to the Red Planet. But's it (of course) has multiple challenges.&nbsp;

New research suggests that having enough oxygen-carrying red blood cells for the journey could present a challenge.&nbsp;

Not just the astronauts, the researchers have said that even the space tourists may have to stay home if they are at risk for anaemia, or red blood cell deficiency.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/is-there-life-on-mars-study-of-decades-old-meteorite-casts-doubt-on-presence-of-life-on-the-planet-444601">Study of decades-old meteorite casts doubt on presence of life on the planet</a>

What is space anaemia?&nbsp;

The research mentioned that astronauts are known to experience "space anaemia" but it was believed to be temporary. Now, the research tells that anaemia is instead a primary effect of going to space.&nbsp;

It was termed as a "15-day ailment" in a&nbsp;NASA study.&nbsp;

Doctors attributed it to the destruction of red blood cells, or hemolysis, resulting from fluid shifts as astronauts' bodies accommodated to weightlessness and again as they re-accommodated to gravity.&nbsp;

How will it challenge the&nbsp;astronauts?

Dr Guy Trudel of the University of Ottawa, who led a study of 14 astronauts funded by the Canadian Space Agency said weighed in with valuable inputs on the subject.&nbsp;

During the study, Trudel's team found astronauts' bodies destroyed three&nbsp;million red blood cells every second during the six months they were at the International Space Station.&nbsp;

It is important to note that on average, the body destroys - and replaces - nearly two million red blood cells per second.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-potato-in-space-in-unique-discovery-oblong-shaped-planet-found-444593">A potato in space? In unique discovery, oblong-shaped planet found</a>

Trudel told&nbsp;Reuters on Thursday (January 13), "We thought we knew about space anemia, and we did not. We had assumed that this was a very quick phenomenon of adaptation and nothing was going on. And now we're discovering that's not the case. Space has a primary specific effect on red blood cell regulation."&nbsp;

During the study, Trudel posed crucial questions like how long can the body manage to constantly produce 50% more red cells? What if an astronaut is injured and bleeding?

<blockquote>
"There is a knowledge gap here that we need to fill in terms of the mechanism, in terms of the countermeasures, in terms also of the the planning of the mission. So will we need some blood products or artificial blood products on board of the mission to Mars, given the fact that there is destruction ongoing? Would we need iron supplements at one point if we can't recycle all of the iron to make new red blood cells and so on?" Trudel said.&nbsp;
</blockquote>

The research also revealed that having fewer red blood cells in space isn't a problem when your body is weightless but when landing on earth, and potentially on other planets, anaemia could affect astronauts' energy, endurance and strength.

A year after returning home, the astronauts' red blood cells had not completely returned to pre-flight levels, his team reported on Friday (January 14) in Nature Medicine.

(inputs from agencies)

Is there life on Mars? To investigate the possibility of life beyond Earth, scientists are looking forward to a giant leap for the human race with maybe a trip to the Red Planet.

Is there life on Mars? To investigate the possibility of life beyond Earth, scientists are looking forward to a giant leap for the human race with maybe a trip to the Red Planet. But's it (of course) has multiple challenges. New research suggests that having enough oxygen-carrying red blood cells for the journey could present a challenge. Not just the astronauts, the researchers have said that even the space tourists may have to stay home if they are at risk for anaemia, or red blood cell deficiency. ALSO READ | Study of decades-old meteorite casts doubt on presence of life on the planet What is space anaemia? The research mentioned that astronauts are known to experience "space anaemia" but it was believed to be temporary. Now, the research tells that anaemia is instead a primary effect of going to space. It was termed as a "15-day ailment" in a NASA study. Doctors attributed it to the destruction of red blood cells, or hemolysis, resulting from fluid shifts as astronauts' bodies accommodated to weightlessness and again as they re-accommodated to gravity. How will it challenge the astronauts? Dr Guy Trudel of the University of Ottawa, who led a study of 14 astronauts funded by the Canadian Space Agency said weighed in with valuable inputs on the subject. During the study, Trudel's team found astronauts' bodies destroyed three million red blood cells every second during the six months they were at the International Space Station. It is important to note that on average, the body destroys - and replaces - nearly two million red blood cells per second. ALSO READ | A potato in space? In unique discovery, oblong-shaped planet found Trudel told Reuters on Thursday (January 13), "We thought we knew about space anemia, and we did not. We had assumed that this was a very quick phenomenon of adaptation and nothing was going on. And now we're discovering that's not the case. Space has a primary specific effect on red blood cell regulation." During the study, Trudel posed crucial questions like how long can the body manage to constantly produce 50% more red cells? What if an astronaut is injured and bleeding? "There is a knowledge gap here that we need to fill in terms of the mechanism, in terms of the countermeasures, in terms also of the the planning of the mission. So will we need some blood products or artificial blood products on board of the mission to Mars, given the fact that there is destruction ongoing? Would we need iron supplements at one point if we can't recycle all of the iron to make new red blood cells and so on?" Trudel said. The research also revealed that having fewer red blood cells in space isn't a problem when your body is weightless but when landing on earth, and potentially on other planets, anaemia could affect astronauts' energy, endurance and strength. A year after returning home, the astronauts' red blood cells had not completely returned to pre-flight levels, his team reported on Friday (January 14) in Nature Medicine. (inputs from agencies)

What is space anaemia? Research tells how it could challenge astronauts during space missions

Space is a dangerous place, courtesy asteroids. No, we are not kidding, ask the dinosaurs if you can. &nbsp;&nbsp;

An asteroid has the potential to cause destruction of species or complete planet. Well, it can also quietly pass by or burn on the entry through atmosphere. &nbsp;&nbsp;

However, you must look up to see what really happens. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-is-milky-way-galaxys-latest-collision-443672" hreflang="en">This is Milky Way galaxy's latest collision</a>

An around 104-metre-wide asteroid is passing near Earth on Tuesday (January 11), a report said. &nbsp; &nbsp;

The rock has been labelled as a “potentially hazardous object”, as per the report of the Mirror. &nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;It’s time to ‘look up’: Witness building-sized asteroid pass near Earth

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It will be within 3.48 million miles of Earth. The rock has been named Asteroid 2013 YD48 by NASA and seems to be bigger than the iconic Big Ben. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-astronomers-watch-a-dying-star-explode-in-real-time-442861" hreflang="en">In a first, astronomers watch a dying star explode in real time</a>

Although it will miss Earth by a long distance, it’s actually not that much in terms of space. &nbsp; &nbsp;

NASA seems to classify any object that passes within 120 million miles of Earth as a Near-Earth Object (NEO). It is done as even a slight change in the trajectory due to an obstruction can prove fatal for Earth. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Numerous scientists spend hours every day to track thousands of such rocks to know more about universe and take timely action if Earth is in danger. &nbsp; &nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Space is a dangerous place, courtesy asteroids. No, we are not kidding, ask the dinosaurs if you can. An asteroid has the potential to cause destruction of species or complete planet.

Space is a dangerous place, courtesy asteroids. No, we are not kidding, ask the dinosaurs if you can. An asteroid has the potential to cause destruction of species or complete planet. Well, it can also quietly pass by or burn on the entry through atmosphere. However, you must look up to see what really happens. Also Read: This is Milky Way galaxy's latest collision An around 104-metre-wide asteroid is passing near Earth on Tuesday (January 11), a report said. The rock has been labelled as a “potentially hazardous object”, as per the report of the Mirror. Watch: It’s time to ‘look up’: Witness building-sized asteroid pass near Earth × It will be within 3.48 million miles of Earth. The rock has been named Asteroid 2013 YD48 by NASA and seems to be bigger than the iconic Big Ben. Also Read: In a first, astronomers watch a dying star explode in real time Although it will miss Earth by a long distance, it’s actually not that much in terms of space. NASA seems to classify any object that passes within 120 million miles of Earth as a Near-Earth Object (NEO). It is done as even a slight change in the trajectory due to an obstruction can prove fatal for Earth. Numerous scientists spend hours every day to track thousands of such rocks to know more about universe and take timely action if Earth is in danger. (With inputs from agencies)

‘Look Up’ before it’s too late: Witness building-sized asteroid pass near Earth

A 104-metre-wide asteroid, which will be within 3.48 million miles of Earth, is going to pass near the planet. The asteroid has been labelled as a “potentially hazardous object”. The rock, which seems to be bigger than the iconic Big Ben, has been named Asteroid 2013 YD48 by NASA.

It’s time to ‘look up’: Witness building-sized asteroid pass near Earth

An out-of-control Russian Angara A5 heavy-lift rocket stage made an uncontrolled re-entry back to Earth on Wednesday (Jan 5) and media reports have stated that it landed in the Pacific Ocean. On December 27, scientists had conducted a third launch of its new heavy-class Angara rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northwestern Russia. Russian state-run TASS news agency had mentioned that the aim was to test a new upper-stage rocket, called the Persei booster, for the first time. Space agency Roscosmos had congratulated the military-space forces and the entire Russian space industry and called the launch "successful". However, the launcher was prevented from reaching higher than low-Earth orbit after the booster suffered engine failure, as per reports.

Failed Russian rocket part fell on Earth, is there any danger?

A new study has revealed that possible chemical leftovers from the Earth's creation still lingering deep within our planet.

The study, published in Nature Geoscience, has been conducted by the University of Utah.

Researchers used radar waves for a better understanding of the internal structure of the Earth and seismic waves for navigation.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-publish-most-detailed-map-to-date-of-black-holes-442056" hreflang="en">Astronomers publish most detailed map to date of black holes</a>

Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. Scientists have debated whether plate tectonics was taking place early in Earth’s history or merely in the second half of its history.

Down near the core, there are zones where seismic waves slow to a crawl. New research from the University of Utah finds that these enigmatic and descriptively-named ultra-low velocity zones are surprisingly layered.&nbsp;

The study's model suggests that it’s possible some of these zones are leftovers from the processes that shaped the early Earth—remnants of incomplete mixing like clumps of flour in the bottom of a bowl of batter.

Also see |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/what-a-blast-the-rush-of-amateur-astronauts-420637" hreflang="en">What a blast: The rush of amateur astronauts</a>

“Of all of the features we know about in the deep mantle, ultra-low velocity zones represent what are probably the most extreme,” says Michael S. Thorne, associate professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics.&nbsp;

“Indeed, these are some of the most extreme features found anywhere in the planet.”

Scientists initially thought that these zones were areas where the mantle was partially melted, and might be the source of magma for so-called “hot spot” volcanic regions like Iceland.

“But most of the things we call ultra-low velocity zones don’t appear to be located beneath hot spot volcanoes,” Thorne says, “so that cannot be the whole story.”

The study is based on the hypothesis that the ultra-low velocity zones may be regions made of different rocks than the rest of the mantle—and that their composition may hearken back to the early Earth.

The intense heat of the planet immediately after it formed means any initial water would have quickly evaporated and scientists believe the oceans emerged around 8 million years later.

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has revealed that possible chemical leftovers from the Earth's creation still lingering deep within our planet. The study, published in Nature Geoscience, has been conducted by the University of Utah.

A new study has revealed that possible chemical leftovers from the Earth's creation still lingering deep within our planet. The study, published in Nature Geoscience, has been conducted by the University of Utah. Researchers used radar waves for a better understanding of the internal structure of the Earth and seismic waves for navigation. Also read | Astronomers publish most detailed map to date of black holes Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. Scientists have debated whether plate tectonics was taking place early in Earth’s history or merely in the second half of its history. Down near the core, there are zones where seismic waves slow to a crawl. New research from the University of Utah finds that these enigmatic and descriptively-named ultra-low velocity zones are surprisingly layered. The study's model suggests that it’s possible some of these zones are leftovers from the processes that shaped the early Earth—remnants of incomplete mixing like clumps of flour in the bottom of a bowl of batter. Also see | What a blast: The rush of amateur astronauts “Of all of the features we know about in the deep mantle, ultra-low velocity zones represent what are probably the most extreme,” says Michael S. Thorne, associate professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics. “Indeed, these are some of the most extreme features found anywhere in the planet.” Scientists initially thought that these zones were areas where the mantle was partially melted, and might be the source of magma for so-called “hot spot” volcanic regions like Iceland. “But most of the things we call ultra-low velocity zones don’t appear to be located beneath hot spot volcanoes,” Thorne says, “so that cannot be the whole story.” The study is based on the hypothesis that the ultra-low velocity zones may be regions made of different rocks than the rest of the mantle—and that their composition may hearken back to the early Earth. The intense heat of the planet immediately after it formed means any initial water would have quickly evaporated and scientists believe the oceans emerged around 8 million years later. (With inputs from agencies)

Chemical leftovers from Earth's creation still lingering deep within our planet: Study

A huge a kilometer-sized asteroid will fly past Earth later this month, according to NASA's asteroid tracker, marking the first flyby of an asteroid of this scale in 2022. &nbsp;

If an asteroid collided with Earth, it could cause a global disaster, but this is fortunately unlikely.

This asteroid, designated 7482 (1994 PC1), is expected to have a diameter of at least 1 kilometre and a width of up to 1.3 kilometres.

That's more than four times the size of the Eiffel Tower and 3.5 times the size of the Empire State Building in New York City.&nbsp;

The asteroid is classified as an Apollo-class asteroid, which means that its orbit is broader than Earth's and that its orbital path around the Sun may cross our planet's.

Furthermore, NASA has classified it as a potentially hazardous asteroid.&nbsp;

An impact, on the other hand, is exceedingly unlikely.

According to NASA's projections, 7482 (1994 PC1) will approach Earth on January 18 at a distance of roughly 1.98 million kilometres.

The Earth's distance from the moon is around 384,000 kilometres, which is more than five times less.

This confirms NASA's previous projections, which stated that the Earth would be safe from asteroid strikes within the next 100 years.&nbsp;

However, if the Earth had not been so fortunate, the consequences could have been disastrous.

According to a study from Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science's Davidson Institute of Science, an asteroid with a diameter of more than 140 metres would release an amount of energy a thousand times greater than the first atomic bomb if it collided with Earth.

Something even bigger, like the asteroid Apophis, which is almost 300 metres wide, might wipe out an entire continent.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A huge a kilometer-sized asteroid will fly past Earth later this month, according to NASA's asteroid tracker, marking the first flyby of an asteroid of this scale in 2022.

A huge a kilometer-sized asteroid will fly past Earth later this month, according to NASA's asteroid tracker, marking the first flyby of an asteroid of this scale in 2022. If an asteroid collided with Earth, it could cause a global disaster, but this is fortunately unlikely. This asteroid, designated 7482 (1994 PC1), is expected to have a diameter of at least 1 kilometre and a width of up to 1.3 kilometres. That's more than four times the size of the Eiffel Tower and 3.5 times the size of the Empire State Building in New York City. The asteroid is classified as an Apollo-class asteroid, which means that its orbit is broader than Earth's and that its orbital path around the Sun may cross our planet's. Furthermore, NASA has classified it as a potentially hazardous asteroid. An impact, on the other hand, is exceedingly unlikely. According to NASA's projections, 7482 (1994 PC1) will approach Earth on January 18 at a distance of roughly 1.98 million kilometres. The Earth's distance from the moon is around 384,000 kilometres, which is more than five times less. This confirms NASA's previous projections, which stated that the Earth would be safe from asteroid strikes within the next 100 years. However, if the Earth had not been so fortunate, the consequences could have been disastrous. According to a study from Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science's Davidson Institute of Science, an asteroid with a diameter of more than 140 metres would release an amount of energy a thousand times greater than the first atomic bomb if it collided with Earth. Something even bigger, like the asteroid Apophis, which is almost 300 metres wide, might wipe out an entire continent. (With inputs from agencies)

Asteroid the size of golden gate bridge to pass by earth on January 18

An around 104-metre-wide asteroid is set to pass near Earth on January 11, a report said. &nbsp;

The asteroid, which will be within 3.48 million miles of Earth, has been labelled as a “potentially hazardous object”, the Mirror reported. &nbsp;

The rock, which has been named Asteroid 2013 YD48 by NASA, seems to be bigger than the iconic Big Ben. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/james-webb-space-telescope-deploys-pallets-crucial-process-begins-440922" hreflang="en">James Webb Space Telescope deploys pallets, crucial process begins</a>

Although it will miss Earth by a long distance, it’s actually not that much in terms of space. &nbsp;

NASA seems to classify any object that passes within 120 million miles of Earth as a Near-Earth Object (NEO). &nbsp;

Even tiny changes in the trajectories due to any obstruction can prove fatal for Earth. &nbsp;

Numerous scientists spend hours every day to track thousands of such rocks to know more about universe and take timely action if Earth is in danger. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-capture-an-erupting-black-hole-12-million-light-years-from-earth-440799" hreflang="en">Astronomers capture an erupting black hole 12 million light-years from Earth</a>

This is not the only asteroid&nbsp;to come closer to Earth in coming weeks. &nbsp;

A 7-m-wide asteroid, which has been named 2014 YE15, will pass by on January 6. It will be 4.6 million miles from Earth.

And on January 7, an asteroid named 2020 AP1, which is only 4-m-wide, will pass near Earth by being around 1.08 million miles from it.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

An around 104-metre-wide asteroid is set to pass near Earth on January 11, a report said. The asteroid, which will be within 3.48 million miles of Earth, has been labelled as a “potentially hazardous object”, the Mirror reported.

An around 104-metre-wide asteroid is set to pass near Earth on January 11, a report said. The asteroid, which will be within 3.48 million miles of Earth, has been labelled as a “potentially hazardous object”, the Mirror reported. The rock, which has been named Asteroid 2013 YD48 by NASA, seems to be bigger than the iconic Big Ben. Also Read: James Webb Space Telescope deploys pallets, crucial process begins Although it will miss Earth by a long distance, it’s actually not that much in terms of space. NASA seems to classify any object that passes within 120 million miles of Earth as a Near-Earth Object (NEO). Even tiny changes in the trajectories due to any obstruction can prove fatal for Earth. Numerous scientists spend hours every day to track thousands of such rocks to know more about universe and take timely action if Earth is in danger. Also Read: Astronomers capture an erupting black hole 12 million light-years from Earth This is not the only asteroid to come closer to Earth in coming weeks. A 7-m-wide asteroid, which has been named 2014 YE15, will pass by on January 6. It will be 4.6 million miles from Earth. And on January 7, an asteroid named 2020 AP1, which is only 4-m-wide, will pass near Earth by being around 1.08 million miles from it. (With inputs from agencies)

Catch ultimate glimpse: 104-m-wide asteroid set to pass near Earth on January 11

The $10bn James Webb telescope has left Earth on its mission to show the first stars to light up the Universe. Its flight to orbit lasted just under half an hour, with a signal confirming a successful outcome picked up by a ground antenna at Malindi in Kenya.

NASA happy with the successful launch of the $10 billion James Webb telescope

NASA launches James Webb telescope

How did the dinosaurs become extinct...? It is probably one of the most googled questions as the curiosity to know more about dinosaurs keeps intriguing people.

The palaeontological studies of the fossilised remains such as bones and teeth of the extinct dinosaurs have given sufficient information about the species as the experts now analyse physiological aspects to behavioural characteristics of the extinct animals. &nbsp;

ALSO READ | <a href="This is the most well-preserved Dinosaur egg ever discovered">This is the most well-preserved Dinosaur egg ever discovered</a>

The research in this area has shed light upon the events that led to their disappearance from the planet Earth. As per the geological that, the dinosaurs became extinct about 66 million years ago, somewhere between the Cretaceous and Paleogene eras.&nbsp;

It is understood and also the studies have indicated that a massive environmental change which was a large asteroid impact with Earth or vast volcanic eruption caused the wipeout of non-avian dinosaurs.&nbsp;

The Chicxulub crater, which is below the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, is the impact size when the asteroid travelling at a speed of approximately 43,000 km/h struck Earth. Studies found out that it was measured about 12 kilometres in diameter.&nbsp;

More than 75 per cent of all life on Earth was extinct after the impact, however, scientists are still studying the after-effects of this impact. The life around the area of impact must have been killed instantly but that was not just it, the damage continued afterwards also.&nbsp;

But what happened after that?

New research has found that the asteroid's impact led to years of darkness on the Earth and soot from raging wildfires filled the sky, blocking the sunlight to reach the surface. It contributed to the wave of extinctions that followed.

As per the study, the cloud of ash and smoke and soot particles persisted for up to two years and caused darkness in large parts of the Earth. It also made it hard for anything to grow or survive.

Live Science published a detailed report citing research presented on December 16 at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), held in New Orleans and online.

The research revealed that the dense clouds of smoke and ash could have led to the photosynthesis process to fail and leading to ecosystem collapse. It is also noted that even after sunlight returned, this decline could have persisted for decades more.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/research-warns-himalayan-glaciers-melting-at-exceptional-rate-438872" hreflang="en">Research warns Himalayan glaciers melting at 'exceptional rate'</a>

Peter Roopnarine, a curator of geology in the Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology at California Academy of Sciences, and a presenter at the AGU meeting told Live Science in an email that how the darkness played a part in the mass extinctions. He said that in the past decade or so that researchers developed models showing how that darkness may have impacted life.&nbsp;

"The common thinking now is that global wildfires would have been the main source of fine soot that would have been suspended into the upper atmosphere," Roopnarine said.&nbsp;

He added, "The concentration of soot within the first several days to weeks of the fires would have been high enough to reduce the amount of incoming sunlight to a level low enough to prevent photosynthesis."

WATCH |&nbsp;Gravitas: Perfectly preserved baby dinosaur discovered

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How did the dinosaurs become extinct...? It is probably one of the most googled questions as the curiosity to know more about dinosaurs keeps intriguing people. The palaeontological studies of the fossilised remains such as bones and teeth of the extinct dinosaurs have given sufficient information about the species as the experts now analyse physiological aspects to behavioural characteristics of the extinct animals.

How did the dinosaurs become extinct...? It is probably one of the most googled questions as the curiosity to know more about dinosaurs keeps intriguing people. The palaeontological studies of the fossilised remains such as bones and teeth of the extinct dinosaurs have given sufficient information about the species as the experts now analyse physiological aspects to behavioural characteristics of the extinct animals. ALSO READ | This is the most well-preserved Dinosaur egg ever discovered The research in this area has shed light upon the events that led to their disappearance from the planet Earth. As per the geological that, the dinosaurs became extinct about 66 million years ago, somewhere between the Cretaceous and Paleogene eras. It is understood and also the studies have indicated that a massive environmental change which was a large asteroid impact with Earth or vast volcanic eruption caused the wipeout of non-avian dinosaurs. The Chicxulub crater, which is below the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, is the impact size when the asteroid travelling at a speed of approximately 43,000 km/h struck Earth. Studies found out that it was measured about 12 kilometres in diameter. More than 75 per cent of all life on Earth was extinct after the impact, however, scientists are still studying the after-effects of this impact. The life around the area of impact must have been killed instantly but that was not just it, the damage continued afterwards also. But what happened after that? New research has found that the asteroid's impact led to years of darkness on the Earth and soot from raging wildfires filled the sky, blocking the sunlight to reach the surface. It contributed to the wave of extinctions that followed. As per the study, the cloud of ash and smoke and soot particles persisted for up to two years and caused darkness in large parts of the Earth. It also made it hard for anything to grow or survive. Live Science published a detailed report citing research presented on December 16 at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), held in New Orleans and online. The research revealed that the dense clouds of smoke and ash could have led to the photosynthesis process to fail and leading to ecosystem collapse. It is also noted that even after sunlight returned, this decline could have persisted for decades more. ALSO READ | Research warns Himalayan glaciers melting at 'exceptional rate' Peter Roopnarine, a curator of geology in the Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology at California Academy of Sciences, and a presenter at the AGU meeting told Live Science in an email that how the darkness played a part in the mass extinctions. He said that in the past decade or so that researchers developed models showing how that darkness may have impacted life. "The common thinking now is that global wildfires would have been the main source of fine soot that would have been suspended into the upper atmosphere," Roopnarine said. He added, "The concentration of soot within the first several days to weeks of the fires would have been high enough to reduce the amount of incoming sunlight to a level low enough to prevent photosynthesis." WATCH | Gravitas: Perfectly preserved baby dinosaur discovered ×

Dinosaurs-killing asteroid caused prolonged darkness on Earth, study reveals

Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa has returned to Earth after spending&nbsp;12 days on the International Space Station. The 46-year-old fashion magnate and his assistant Yozo Hirano came down on Kazakhstan's steppe at the expected time.&nbsp;

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The three members aboard the Soyuz MS-20 crew ship landed back on Earth today around 10:13 pm ET completing an 11-day station mission. <a href="https://t.co/cHxruGmEfx">https://t.co/cHxruGmEfx</a>
— International Space Station (@Space_Station) <a href="https://twitter.com/Space_Station/status/1472777403168604160?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 20, 2021</a></blockquote>
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Before Maezawa's spacecraft blasted, he said “I would like to look at the Earth from space. I would like to experience the opportunity to feel weightlessness.”&nbsp;

“And I also have a personal expectation: I’m curious how the space will change me, how I will change after this space flight.”

He blasted off in a Soyuz spacecraft from the Russia-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.&nbsp;

During his time in space, he made many videos including performing daily tasks like brushing teeth and going to the bathroom.&nbsp; 
After landing back on earth, he explained how to brush teeth and go to the bathroom in space. "Peeing is very easy," he said.

He also showed his followers how to properly drink tea and sleep in zero gravity.

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【MZ METHOD】How Do You Sleep in Zero Gravity?<a href="https://t.co/I3JwLtF8Ke">https://t.co/I3JwLtF8Ke</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/YouTube?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@YouTube</a> <a href="https://t.co/HrcEQOKdad">pic.twitter.com/HrcEQOKdad</a>
— Yusaku Maezawa (MZ) (@yousuckMZ) <a href="https://twitter.com/yousuckMZ/status/1472548104180170754?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 19, 2021</a></blockquote>
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【GREAT VIEW】MZ Directed Work ’Time Lapse of the Earth's Orbit’<a href="https://t.co/YwwFmqIKtp">https://t.co/YwwFmqIKtp</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/YouTube?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@YouTube</a> <a href="https://t.co/zE7DPL1oeg">pic.twitter.com/zE7DPL1oeg</a>
— Yusaku Maezawa (MZ) (@yousuckMZ) <a href="https://twitter.com/yousuckMZ/status/1472410588584325121?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 19, 2021</a></blockquote>
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【MUSICAL EXPERIMENT】Playing Drums in Space<a href="https://t.co/s46qXUS1bO">https://t.co/s46qXUS1bO</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/YouTube?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@YouTube</a> <a href="https://t.co/fPrJdEZHqW">pic.twitter.com/fPrJdEZHqW</a>
— Yusaku Maezawa (MZ) (@yousuckMZ) <a href="https://twitter.com/yousuckMZ/status/1472070949629755395?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 18, 2021</a></blockquote>
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With this, he has become the first private passenger on the SpaceX moon trip.

US-based company Space Adventures had earlier said that the cost of tickets to space for tourists ranges from $50-60 million. 
Moscow had stopped sending tourists to space after NASA retired the Space Shuttle in 2011. However, NASA bought up all Soyuz launch seats for a reported $90 million per spot.

(With inputs from agencies)

Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa has returned to Earth after spending 12 days on the International Space Station. The 46-year-old fashion magnate and his assistant Yozo Hirano came down on Kazakhstan's steppe at the expected time.

Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa has returned to Earth after spending 12 days on the International Space Station. The 46-year-old fashion magnate and his assistant Yozo Hirano came down on Kazakhstan's steppe at the expected time. The three members aboard the Soyuz MS-20 crew ship landed back on Earth today around 10:13 pm ET completing an 11-day station mission. https://t.co/cHxruGmEfx — International Space Station (@Space_Station) December 20, 2021 × Before Maezawa's spacecraft blasted, he said “I would like to look at the Earth from space. I would like to experience the opportunity to feel weightlessness.” “And I also have a personal expectation: I’m curious how the space will change me, how I will change after this space flight.” He blasted off in a Soyuz spacecraft from the Russia-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. During his time in space, he made many videos including performing daily tasks like brushing teeth and going to the bathroom. After landing back on earth, he explained how to brush teeth and go to the bathroom in space. "Peeing is very easy," he said. He also showed his followers how to properly drink tea and sleep in zero gravity. 【MZ METHOD】How Do You Sleep in Zero Gravity?https://t.co/I3JwLtF8Ke @YouTube pic.twitter.com/HrcEQOKdad — Yusaku Maezawa (MZ) (@yousuckMZ) December 19, 2021 × 【GREAT VIEW】MZ Directed Work ’Time Lapse of the Earth's Orbit’https://t.co/YwwFmqIKtp @YouTube pic.twitter.com/zE7DPL1oeg — Yusaku Maezawa (MZ) (@yousuckMZ) December 19, 2021 × 【MUSICAL EXPERIMENT】Playing Drums in Spacehttps://t.co/s46qXUS1bO @YouTube pic.twitter.com/fPrJdEZHqW — Yusaku Maezawa (MZ) (@yousuckMZ) December 18, 2021 × With this, he has become the first private passenger on the SpaceX moon trip. US-based company Space Adventures had earlier said that the cost of tickets to space for tourists ranges from $50-60 million. Moscow had stopped sending tourists to space after NASA retired the Space Shuttle in 2011. However, NASA bought up all Soyuz launch seats for a reported $90 million per spot. (With inputs from agencies)

Japanese space tourists return to earth after recording life on ISS

Astronomers have issued a dire warning about the Sun and cautioned about its instability.

It comes after the eruption of the 'Dragon' star or EK Draconis, a G1.5V yellow dwarf located 110.71 light-years away from the Earth.

Scientists have highlighted that solar flares lead to mass ejections that directly affect the Earth’s environment.

''This kind of big mass ejection could, theoretically, also occur on our sun. This observation may help us to better understand how similar events may have affected Earth and even Mars over billions of years,'' said co-author Yuta Notsu from Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP).

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/the-other-corona-know-about-the-suns-atmosphere-touched-by-a-man-made-probe-for-the-first-time-437155" hreflang="en">The other Corona: Know about the Sun's atmosphere 'touched' by a man-made probe for the first time</a>

The study published in the Nature journal shows that M-type red dwarf stars are not as stable as previously thought.

However, the sun appears to be far less active than similar stars in terms of brightness variations caused by sunspots and other phenomena.

Researchers said on Thursday that an examination of 369 stars similar to the sun in surface temperatures, size, and rotation period,&nbsp;it takes the sun about 24-1/2 days to rotate once on its axis,&nbsp;showed that they displayed on average five times more brightness variability than the sun.

“This variability is caused by dark spots on the surface of the star rotating in and out of view,” said astronomer Timo Reinhold of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Germany.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-discover-trouble-making-nemesis-twin-of-the-sun-435917">Also read |&nbsp;Astronomers discover trouble-making 'nemesis' twin of the Sun</a>

The sun,&nbsp;essentially a hot ball of hydrogen and helium, is an average-sized star that formed more than 4.5 billion years ago and is roughly halfway through its lifespan. Its diameter is about 864,000 miles (1.4 million km). Its surface temperature is about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,500 degrees Celsius).

“Temperature and rotation period are thought to be the major ingredients for the dynamo inside the star, which generates its magnetic field, and eventually the number and size of the spots causing the brightness to vary. Finding such stars with very similar parameters as our sun but being five times more variable was surprising,” Reinhold said.

Elevated magnetic activity associated with sunspots can lead to solar flares, coronal mass ejections,&nbsp;large expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere,&nbsp;and other electromagnetic phenomena that can affect Earth, for example disrupting satellites and communications and endangering astronauts.

“A much more active sun might have also affected Earth on geological time scales,&nbsp;paleoclimatology. A ‘too active’ star would definitively change the conditions for life on the planet, so living with a quite boring star is not the worst option,” Reinhold said.

The researchers compared data on similar stars to historical records of the sun’s activity.

These records included about 400 years of observational data on sunspots and about 9,000 years of data based on chemical element variants in tree rings and ice cores caused by solar activity. They&nbsp;indicated the sun has not been much more active than it is now.

The findings, Reinhold said, do not rule out that the sun may be in a quiet phase and may become more variable in the future.

(With inputs from agencies)

Astronomers have issued a dire warning about the Sun and cautioned about its instability. It comes after the eruption of the 'Dragon' star or EK Draconis, a G1.5V yellow dwarf located 110.

Astronomers have issued a dire warning about the Sun and cautioned about its instability. It comes after the eruption of the 'Dragon' star or EK Draconis, a G1.5V yellow dwarf located 110.71 light-years away from the Earth. Scientists have highlighted that solar flares lead to mass ejections that directly affect the Earth’s environment. ''This kind of big mass ejection could, theoretically, also occur on our sun. This observation may help us to better understand how similar events may have affected Earth and even Mars over billions of years,'' said co-author Yuta Notsu from Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP). Also read | The other Corona: Know about the Sun's atmosphere 'touched' by a man-made probe for the first time The study published in the Nature journal shows that M-type red dwarf stars are not as stable as previously thought. However, the sun appears to be far less active than similar stars in terms of brightness variations caused by sunspots and other phenomena. Researchers said on Thursday that an examination of 369 stars similar to the sun in surface temperatures, size, and rotation period, it takes the sun about 24-1/2 days to rotate once on its axis, showed that they displayed on average five times more brightness variability than the sun. “This variability is caused by dark spots on the surface of the star rotating in and out of view,” said astronomer Timo Reinhold of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Germany. Also read | Astronomers discover trouble-making 'nemesis' twin of the Sun The sun, essentially a hot ball of hydrogen and helium, is an average-sized star that formed more than 4.5 billion years ago and is roughly halfway through its lifespan. Its diameter is about 864,000 miles (1.4 million km). Its surface temperature is about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,500 degrees Celsius). “Temperature and rotation period are thought to be the major ingredients for the dynamo inside the star, which generates its magnetic field, and eventually the number and size of the spots causing the brightness to vary. Finding such stars with very similar parameters as our sun but being five times more variable was surprising,” Reinhold said. Elevated magnetic activity associated with sunspots can lead to solar flares, coronal mass ejections, large expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere, and other electromagnetic phenomena that can affect Earth, for example disrupting satellites and communications and endangering astronauts. “A much more active sun might have also affected Earth on geological time scales, paleoclimatology. A ‘too active’ star would definitively change the conditions for life on the planet, so living with a quite boring star is not the worst option,” Reinhold said. The researchers compared data on similar stars to historical records of the sun’s activity. These records included about 400 years of observational data on sunspots and about 9,000 years of data based on chemical element variants in tree rings and ice cores caused by solar activity. They indicated the sun has not been much more active than it is now. The findings, Reinhold said, do not rule out that the sun may be in a quiet phase and may become more variable in the future. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists issue dire warning about Sun's instability after eruption of 'Dragon' star

If new research is to be believed, the pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus was the largest known flying animal to have ever lived on Earth. &nbsp;

The animal boasted a 12-metre wingspan, which helped it to fly, as per a research collection published by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology on Wednesday. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/in-a-first-fossils-of-a-herd-of-11-dinosaurs-found-in-italy-433711" hreflang="en">In a first, fossils of a herd of 11 dinosaurs found in Italy</a>

The new research showed that the bones of the extinct reptile assisted the ancient creature in taking a 2.4-metre leap in the air to fly. &nbsp;

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Whats with all the Quetzalcoatlus talk with a hint of excitement on my tl? <a href="https://t.co/S2Af7I2uz7">pic.twitter.com/S2Af7I2uz7</a>
— 🏳️‍🌈Velociraptor Mag🏳️‍🌈 (@MechaMag75) <a href="https://twitter.com/MechaMag75/status/1468459389602443264?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 8, 2021</a></blockquote>
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Matthew Brown, who is coauthor and director of vertebrate paleontology collections at The University of Texas in Austin, said that for decades, scientists were puzzled how such a big creature could fly. &nbsp;

Brown's team found that the creature took flight like a fighter jet off an aircraft carrier after years of research. It could punch 2.4 metres off the ground before flapping huge wings. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/watch-extremely-rare-deep-sea-sighting-of-giant-phantom-jellyfish-with-bizarre-ribbon-like-mouth-arms-436003" hreflang="en">Watch: Extremely rare deep-sea sighting of giant phantom jellyfish, with bizarre ribbon-like mouth arms</a>

The time difference between discovery of the bones of the creature at Big Bend National Park in Brewster County, Texas and understanding how the creature flew is nearly 50 years. &nbsp;

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The pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus was a giant featherweight, with a wingspan approaching 40 feet and bones no thicker than a potato chip. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/fossilfriday?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#fossilfriday</a> 
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Brown said the delay happened due to the slow process of unearthing the bones. "You have these sort of potato chip-like bones preserved in very hard rock, and you've got to remove the bones from the rock without destroying them," Brown added. &nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

If new research is to be believed, the pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus was the largest known flying animal to have ever lived on Earth. The animal boasted a 12-metre wingspan, which helped it to fly, as per a research collection published by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology on Wednesday.

If new research is to be believed, the pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus was the largest known flying animal to have ever lived on Earth. The animal boasted a 12-metre wingspan, which helped it to fly, as per a research collection published by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology on Wednesday. Also Read: In a first, fossils of a herd of 11 dinosaurs found in Italy The new research showed that the bones of the extinct reptile assisted the ancient creature in taking a 2.4-metre leap in the air to fly. Whats with all the Quetzalcoatlus talk with a hint of excitement on my tl? pic.twitter.com/S2Af7I2uz7 — 🏳️‍🌈Velociraptor Mag🏳️‍🌈 (@MechaMag75) December 8, 2021 × Matthew Brown, who is coauthor and director of vertebrate paleontology collections at The University of Texas in Austin, said that for decades, scientists were puzzled how such a big creature could fly. Brown's team found that the creature took flight like a fighter jet off an aircraft carrier after years of research. It could punch 2.4 metres off the ground before flapping huge wings. Also Read: Watch: Extremely rare deep-sea sighting of giant phantom jellyfish, with bizarre ribbon-like mouth arms The time difference between discovery of the bones of the creature at Big Bend National Park in Brewster County, Texas and understanding how the creature flew is nearly 50 years. The pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus was a giant featherweight, with a wingspan approaching 40 feet and bones no thicker than a potato chip. #fossilfriday 📷: @TexasVertPaleo pic.twitter.com/AnCYkLeXRa — UT Jackson School of Geosciences (@txgeosciences) December 10, 2021 × Brown said the delay happened due to the slow process of unearthing the bones. "You have these sort of potato chip-like bones preserved in very hard rock, and you've got to remove the bones from the rock without destroying them," Brown added. (With inputs from agencies)

Quetzalcoatlus largest known flying animal to have ever lived on Earth, says study

This weekend, an asteroid with a diameter of over 1,000 feet will fly by Earth, but it is not likely to impact our planet.

NASA has classified the asteroid 4660 Nereus, found in 1982, as a "potentially hazardous asteroid" due to its size and proximity to Earth.

It stands 20 feet taller than the Eiffel Tower, at 1,083 feet.

According to NASA, there are less than 10,000 near-Earth objects the same size or larger than 4660 Nereus.

The asteroid, which EarthSky claims travels at 14,719 mph, circles the sun every 664 days and passes reasonably close to Earth roughly once every decade.

However, this will be the asteroid's closest approach to Earth since its discovery.&nbsp;

According to NASA, the asteroid will be roughly 2.4 million miles away from Earth on Saturday, the closest it will be until 2060, when it will be only 744,576 miles away.

The space rock is worth $5 billion in precious metals

According to Asterank, a database that tracks over 600,000 asteroids, 4660 Nereus is worth $4.71 billion.

It has such a high value because it is rich in nickel, iron, and cobalt.

According to Forbes, only three sports franchises are worth more than the asteroid: the Dallas Cowboys, New York Yankees, and New York Knicks.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

This weekend, an asteroid with a diameter of over 1,000 feet will fly by Earth, but it is not likely to impact our planet. NASA has classified the asteroid 4660 Nereus, found in 1982, as a "potentially hazardous asteroid" due to its size and proximity to Earth.

This weekend, an asteroid with a diameter of over 1,000 feet will fly by Earth, but it is not likely to impact our planet. NASA has classified the asteroid 4660 Nereus, found in 1982, as a "potentially hazardous asteroid" due to its size and proximity to Earth. It stands 20 feet taller than the Eiffel Tower, at 1,083 feet. According to NASA, there are less than 10,000 near-Earth objects the same size or larger than 4660 Nereus. The asteroid, which EarthSky claims travels at 14,719 mph, circles the sun every 664 days and passes reasonably close to Earth roughly once every decade. However, this will be the asteroid's closest approach to Earth since its discovery. According to NASA, the asteroid will be roughly 2.4 million miles away from Earth on Saturday, the closest it will be until 2060, when it will be only 744,576 miles away. The space rock is worth $5 billion in precious metals According to Asterank, a database that tracks over 600,000 asteroids, 4660 Nereus is worth $4.71 billion. It has such a high value because it is rich in nickel, iron, and cobalt. According to Forbes, only three sports franchises are worth more than the asteroid: the Dallas Cowboys, New York Yankees, and New York Knicks. (With inputs from agencies)

This huge asteroid, set to fly past earth, is worth $5 billion in metals

All end-of-the-world thrillseekers have a reason to rejoice as a huge asteroid is due to break into Earth's orbit. The asteroid isn't too small. It's bigger than Eiffel Tower.

It measures about 1082 foot. NASA has its eye on Asteroid 4660 Nereus. This asteroid is a frequent visitor to Earth's neighbourhood as orbit comes pretty close to that of Earth. So much so that the asteroid has been placed in 'potentially hazardous' category.

The asteroid was spotted by astronomer Eleanor Helin in 1982. &nbsp;

This time, the closest approach is slated to take place on December 10. Although Asteroid Nereus has been classified as 'potentially hazardous', it's a relief that it will shoot past Earth and there is no threat of collision with Earth.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/sky-is-busy-this-weekend-is-full-of-celestial-events-433493">Sky is busy: This weekend is full of celestial events</a>

The asteroid is travelling at a speed of 14,700 miles per hour. It will shoot past Earth at a distance of 2.4 million miles.

Asteroids are serious business. Ask dinosaurs. Wait, they aren't here courtesy of a space rock that collided with Earth.

We know this and that's why countries and space agencies around the world are busy drawing plans of what should be done if a sufficiently large space-rock is on collision course with Earth.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-wants-you-to-help-in-establishing-a-nuclear-reactor-on-the-moon-by-2030-433415">NASA wants you to help in establishing a nuclear reactor on the Moon by 2030</a>

One of the options that has been talked about a lot is nuking the rogue asteroid to pieces. While this may theoretically sound well there are concerns about Asteroid breaking into several parts and still hitting Earth. There is also the issue of radiation arising from the nuclear explosion.

NASA is hence testing whether an incoming asteroid can be nudged away from Earth by crashing a spacecraft on it. NASA's DART mission is aiming to test this way of planetary defence. The mission has been launched and the spacecraft is due to crash into the asteroid in September 2022

All end-of-the-world thrillseekers have a reason to rejoice as a huge asteroid is due to break into Earth's orbit. The asteroid isn't too small. It's bigger than Eiffel Tower.

All end-of-the-world thrillseekers have a reason to rejoice as a huge asteroid is due to break into Earth's orbit. The asteroid isn't too small. It's bigger than Eiffel Tower. It measures about 1082 foot. NASA has its eye on Asteroid 4660 Nereus. This asteroid is a frequent visitor to Earth's neighbourhood as orbit comes pretty close to that of Earth. So much so that the asteroid has been placed in 'potentially hazardous' category. The asteroid was spotted by astronomer Eleanor Helin in 1982. This time, the closest approach is slated to take place on December 10. Although Asteroid Nereus has been classified as 'potentially hazardous', it's a relief that it will shoot past Earth and there is no threat of collision with Earth. Also Read | Sky is busy: This weekend is full of celestial events The asteroid is travelling at a speed of 14,700 miles per hour. It will shoot past Earth at a distance of 2.4 million miles. Asteroids are serious business. Ask dinosaurs. Wait, they aren't here courtesy of a space rock that collided with Earth. We know this and that's why countries and space agencies around the world are busy drawing plans of what should be done if a sufficiently large space-rock is on collision course with Earth. Also Read | NASA wants you to help in establishing a nuclear reactor on the Moon by 2030 One of the options that has been talked about a lot is nuking the rogue asteroid to pieces. While this may theoretically sound well there are concerns about Asteroid breaking into several parts and still hitting Earth. There is also the issue of radiation arising from the nuclear explosion. NASA is hence testing whether an incoming asteroid can be nudged away from Earth by crashing a spacecraft on it. NASA's DART mission is aiming to test this way of planetary defence. The mission has been launched and the spacecraft is due to crash into the asteroid in September 2022

Asteroid bigger than Eiffel Tower to enter Earth's orbit soon

A NASA mission to deliberately smash a spacecraft into an asteroid to see if its course can be altered blasted off Tuesday from California. The SpaceX rocket carrying the experiment lifted off at 10:21 pm Pacific Time (0621 GMT Wednesday) from Vandenberg Space Force Base, NASA TV's live stream showed.

NASA spacecraft to crash into Asteroid, mission might save planet Earth

A global emissions targets report by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change states that the temperature of the Earth is about to rise by 2.7 degrees Celsius

Earth temperature to rise by 2.7C: Scientists issue red alert

Scientists seem&nbsp;to have finally fixed a fossil mix-up and analysed new bones excavated from the long-necked dinosaur Supersaurus' final resting spot. &nbsp;

Supersaurus, who is the longest dinosaur of the world, is a diplodocid. This long-necked sauropod has whip-like tail, which is too long. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/500-people-feel-sting-as-rare-storm-brings-scorpions-flood-in-egypt-429692" hreflang="en">500 people feel sting as rare storm brings scorpions’ flood in Egypt</a>

Earlier, Supersaurus was considered as one of longest dinosaurs. But now, the research shows that "this is the longest dinosaur based on a decent skeleton." It is because other dinosaurs’ remains are fragmentary, and it's challenging to accurately estimate their lengths, Brian Curtice, a paleontologist at the Arizona Museum of Natural History, who is spearheading the research, told ‘Live Science’. &nbsp;

About 150 million years ago, when Supersaurus was alive during the Jurassic period, it exceeded 128 feet (39 meters) and even reached 137 feet (42 m) from snout to tail, found the new research. &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/hell-heron-new-species-of-dinosaur-with-extremely-large-nose-discovered-428545" hreflang="en">'Hell heron': New species of dinosaur with extremely large nose discovered</a>

The research, which is not yet published in a peer-reviewed journal, was presented online recently at the annual conference of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. &nbsp;

According to a study of a specimen known as Seismosaurus in the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin in 2006, the dinosaur, even at its "shorter" size of 128 feet, is record-breaking and would have been longer than another contender, Diplodocus, which could reach lengths of 108 feet (33 m). &nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Scientists seem to have finally fixed a fossil mix-up and analysed new bones excavated from the long-necked dinosaur Supersaurus' final resting spot. Supersaurus, who is the longest dinosaur of the world, is a diplodocid.

Scientists seem to have finally fixed a fossil mix-up and analysed new bones excavated from the long-necked dinosaur Supersaurus' final resting spot. Supersaurus, who is the longest dinosaur of the world, is a diplodocid. This long-necked sauropod has whip-like tail, which is too long. Also Read: 500 people feel sting as rare storm brings scorpions’ flood in Egypt Earlier, Supersaurus was considered as one of longest dinosaurs. But now, the research shows that "this is the longest dinosaur based on a decent skeleton." It is because other dinosaurs’ remains are fragmentary, and it's challenging to accurately estimate their lengths, Brian Curtice, a paleontologist at the Arizona Museum of Natural History, who is spearheading the research, told ‘Live Science’. About 150 million years ago, when Supersaurus was alive during the Jurassic period, it exceeded 128 feet (39 meters) and even reached 137 feet (42 m) from snout to tail, found the new research. Also Read: 'Hell heron': New species of dinosaur with extremely large nose discovered The research, which is not yet published in a peer-reviewed journal, was presented online recently at the annual conference of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. According to a study of a specimen known as Seismosaurus in the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin in 2006, the dinosaur, even at its "shorter" size of 128 feet, is record-breaking and would have been longer than another contender, Diplodocus, which could reach lengths of 108 feet (33 m). (With inputs from agencies)

Fixing fossil mix-up, scientists unearth longest dinosaur that ever lived on Earth

Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon and the self-funded space explorer, has predicted that Earth will soon be turned into a natural resort as only a few people will be allowed to stay here in the future.<o:p></o:p>

"This place is special, we can't ruin it," the billionaire said at the annual Ignatius Forum in Washington, DC. Talking about his own company, Blue Origin, he said the experts aim to make sure that millions of humans get to not just work in space but also be born and call space as their first home.

<o:p>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/jeff-bezos-is-pouring-money-to-crack-secret-of-living-forever-412737">Jeff Bezos is pouring money to crack secret of living 'forever'</a></o:p>

"Millions of people will move from Earth to space over time. And that's the vision of Blue Origin – millions of people working in space,"&nbsp;Bezos said. <o:p></o:p>

"Over centuries, most or many of the people will be born in space. It will be their first home. They will be born on these colonies, they will live on these colonies. They may visit Earth the way you would visit Yellowstone National Park," he predicted.<o:p></o:p>

Bezos believes that the space colonies in future will have 'rivers and forests and wildlife'&nbsp;of their own. He also claimed that it is inevitable to expand the living zones for humans if the race continues growing at the same rate. "This Earth can support, let's say, 10 billion people to a certain degree. We'd have to work really hard to figure out how to do that without degrading the planet… The solar system can support a trillion people,"&nbsp;he said.

<o:p>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/entrepreneur-who-flew-with-william-shatner-onboard-blue-origin-to-space-dies-in-plane-crash-428977">Entrepreneur who flew with William Shatner onboard Blue Origin to space dies in plane crash</a></o:p>

Even though the billionaire is quite positive about shifting humanity to space and keeping the Earth for a selected few, he was hesitant about claiming who will get to decide who stays on Earth. He also said his company can be labelled as 'Earth ambassadors' in future.<o:p></o:p>

"The hard part is not space travel – that part was solved in the 1960s. Not reusability – the space shuttle sort of did that. The hard part is operational reusability,"&nbsp;he said.&nbsp;"It requires practice to get it right."<o:p></o:p>

Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon and the self-funded space explorer, has predicted that Earth will soon be turned into a natural resort as only a few people will be allowed to stay here in the future.

Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon and the self-funded space explorer, has predicted that Earth will soon be turned into a natural resort as only a few people will be allowed to stay here in the future. "This place is special, we can't ruin it," the billionaire said at the annual Ignatius Forum in Washington, DC. Talking about his own company, Blue Origin, he said the experts aim to make sure that millions of humans get to not just work in space but also be born and call space as their first home. Also read | Jeff Bezos is pouring money to crack secret of living 'forever' "Millions of people will move from Earth to space over time. And that's the vision of Blue Origin – millions of people working in space," Bezos said. "Over centuries, most or many of the people will be born in space. It will be their first home. They will be born on these colonies, they will live on these colonies. They may visit Earth the way you would visit Yellowstone National Park," he predicted. Bezos believes that the space colonies in future will have 'rivers and forests and wildlife' of their own. He also claimed that it is inevitable to expand the living zones for humans if the race continues growing at the same rate. "This Earth can support, let's say, 10 billion people to a certain degree. We'd have to work really hard to figure out how to do that without degrading the planet… The solar system can support a trillion people," he said. Also read | Entrepreneur who flew with William Shatner onboard Blue Origin to space dies in plane crash Even though the billionaire is quite positive about shifting humanity to space and keeping the Earth for a selected few, he was hesitant about claiming who will get to decide who stays on Earth. He also said his company can be labelled as 'Earth ambassadors' in future. "The hard part is not space travel – that part was solved in the 1960s. Not reusability – the space shuttle sort of did that. The hard part is operational reusability," he said. "It requires practice to get it right."

Earth ambassadors? Jeff Bezos predicts planet will soon become 'natural resort'

Scientists have recreated the intense pressure conditions of Earth's outer core in a laboratory.

The study, conducted by researchers at the US Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, has been published in Physical Review Letters.

Earth's inner core is under pressure about 360 million times higher than we experience in our everyday lives and temperatures approximately as hot as the Sun's surface.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-mars-rover-probing-undisturbed-ancient-time-capsule-on-red-planet-428788" hreflang="en">NASA's Mars rover probing undisturbed ancient time capsule on Red planet</a>

According to the study's co-author Arianna Gleason, a scientist in the High-Energy-Density Science (HEDS) Division at SLAC, ''We didn't quite make inner core conditions.''

''But we achieved the conditions of the outer core of the planet, which is really remarkable.''

Earth’s magnetic field has been a life preserver, protecting against relentless solar winds, streams of charged particles rushing from the Sun, that otherwise could strip away the planet’s atmosphere and water.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-offer-hint-on-how-suns-death-might-unfold-428057" hreflang="en">Astronomers offer hint on how Sun's death might unfold</a>

"As we continue to push it, the iron doesn't know what to do with this extra stress," says Gleason.&nbsp;

"And it needs to relieve that stress, so it tries to find the most efficient mechanism to do that."

The coping mechanism iron uses to deal with that extra stress is called "twinning."

“Twinning allows iron to be incredibly strong,&nbsp;stronger than we first thought, before it starts to flow plastically on much longer time scales,” Gleason said.

Some asteroids in our solar system are massive iron objects that scientists suspect are the remnants of planetary cores after catastrophic impacts.

The researchers recreated deep-Earth conditions to see how iron copes with extreme stress.&nbsp;

Scientists have recreated the intense pressure conditions of Earth's outer core in a laboratory. The study, conducted by researchers at the US Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, has been published in Physical Review Letters.

Scientists have recreated the intense pressure conditions of Earth's outer core in a laboratory. The study, conducted by researchers at the US Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, has been published in Physical Review Letters. Earth's inner core is under pressure about 360 million times higher than we experience in our everyday lives and temperatures approximately as hot as the Sun's surface. Also read | NASA's Mars rover probing undisturbed ancient time capsule on Red planet According to the study's co-author Arianna Gleason, a scientist in the High-Energy-Density Science (HEDS) Division at SLAC, ''We didn't quite make inner core conditions.'' ''But we achieved the conditions of the outer core of the planet, which is really remarkable.'' Earth’s magnetic field has been a life preserver, protecting against relentless solar winds, streams of charged particles rushing from the Sun, that otherwise could strip away the planet’s atmosphere and water. Also read | Astronomers offer hint on how Sun's death might unfold "As we continue to push it, the iron doesn't know what to do with this extra stress," says Gleason. "And it needs to relieve that stress, so it tries to find the most efficient mechanism to do that." The coping mechanism iron uses to deal with that extra stress is called "twinning." “Twinning allows iron to be incredibly strong, stronger than we first thought, before it starts to flow plastically on much longer time scales,” Gleason said. Some asteroids in our solar system are massive iron objects that scientists suspect are the remnants of planetary cores after catastrophic impacts. The researchers recreated deep-Earth conditions to see how iron copes with extreme stress.

Scientists recreate intense pressure conditions of Earth's outer core in laboratory

The next time the sun is shining, go outside. There may not be a cloud in the sky, but you will be standing in the middle of a spectral rainstorm.

Cosmic rays, emanating from all sorts of high-energy entities, constantly bombard Earth’s atmosphere. Their collisions with gases make tiny particles named pions, which speedily decay into muons, subatomic blobs more than 200 times heavier than electrons. Trillions of muons are shooting toward the ground at close to the speed of light every single second.

When muons encounter an object, some pass right through while others get stopped in their tracks. That means muons can be used to see inside things that would otherwise be inaccessible, from nuclear reactors to the depths of Egypt’s pyramids.

Scientists have long suspected that this technique, named muography, could be applied to volcanoes, whose anatomies determine when and how they will erupt. And researchers show in a paper, published Wednesday in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A, that muons have been used to successfully map out some of the arteries and organs of volcanoes across the world, including some of the world’s most hazardous magmatic mountains.

One day, volcanic muography could become the “ultimate detection system for magma,” said Giovanni Leone, a geophysicist at the University of Atacama in Chile and the study’s lead author. He and his colleagues say if you can use muons to track the movement of molten rock in real time, you should be able to forecast when an eruption is about to transpire.

When muons zip through material, their momentum is sapped. The denser the material is, the more likely these muons will lose all their energy, grind to a halt and decay into neutrinos and electrons.

Objects are rarely equally dense throughout. That includes volcanoes, which are made of either magma-filled or vacant passageways, a diversity of rock types and countless cracks, crevices and chasms. To perceive these features, volcanologists could use muon detectors, which range from the size of a suitcase to the area of a small apartment. Scientists could place detectors around a volcano’s flanks, or even fly one around the volcano with a helicopter.

The endless muon rainstorm will shower the volcano at an angle. Some of the muons passing through one side of the volcano’s flanks will reach detectors on the other side; those that don’t will cast subatomic shadows on the detectors, revealing which parts of the mountain’s insides are denser and which are more vacuous.

With one detector, you can get a two-dimensional image of a volcano’s innards, “similar to a medical X-ray,” said David Mahon, a muography researcher at the University of Glasgow who was not involved with the study. “By using multiple detectors positioned around the object, it’s possible to build up a crude 3D image.”

After using muography to see inside an innocuous Japanese mountain in 1995, the technique was eventually deployed at active volcanoes. One of the first successful campaigns was Mount Asama in Japan, where researchers found a buried lava mound sitting atop a Swiss cheese-like magmatic passageway. It has since been used to see into, among others, Italy’s Etna and Stromboli volcanoes, Japan’s hyperactive Sakurajima volcano and the La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano in the Caribbean.

Muons have found weaknesses that hint at the site of future flank collapses, landslides and lava escape routes. They have also found fresh pockets of magma that may be primed to erupt and that were overlooked by other instruments.

Volcanic muography isn’t flawless. The detectors can only see the parts of the volcano that the muons are penetrating. “You can only watch from below towards the sky,” said Marina Rosas-Carbajal, a volcano geophysicist at the Paris Institute of Earth Physics who was not involved with the study. Muons are unable to penetrate deeper parts of the volcano, leaving those areas largely off-limits to muographers.

Placing detectors around dozens more volcanoes, and subjecting volcanic rocks to muons in laboratories, will improve the technique’s precision as it vies for mainstream use. But even if it does become commonplace, it won’t solve all our volcanic woes.

“Volcanoes are super complex,” said Rosas-Carbajal. Their labyrinthine innards and complex chemistries mean their magma will occasionally evade even the savviest of detectors. Unpredictable eruptions will remain a fact of life, no matter how well scientists wield the magic of muons.

And muography is unlikely to make obsolete the other various instruments used to study volcanoes, like seismic waves and satellite observation. “It may not replace existing techniques,” said Vitaly Kudryavtsev, a particle physicist at the University of Sheffield who was not involved with the study. “But it may complement them.” 
&nbsp;

The next time the sun is shining, go outside. There may not be a cloud in the sky, but you will be standing in the middle of a spectral rainstorm. Cosmic rays, emanating from all sorts of high-energy entities, constantly bombard Earth’s atmosphere.

The next time the sun is shining, go outside. There may not be a cloud in the sky, but you will be standing in the middle of a spectral rainstorm. Cosmic rays, emanating from all sorts of high-energy entities, constantly bombard Earth’s atmosphere. Their collisions with gases make tiny particles named pions, which speedily decay into muons, subatomic blobs more than 200 times heavier than electrons. Trillions of muons are shooting toward the ground at close to the speed of light every single second. When muons encounter an object, some pass right through while others get stopped in their tracks. That means muons can be used to see inside things that would otherwise be inaccessible, from nuclear reactors to the depths of Egypt’s pyramids. Scientists have long suspected that this technique, named muography, could be applied to volcanoes, whose anatomies determine when and how they will erupt. And researchers show in a paper, published Wednesday in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A, that muons have been used to successfully map out some of the arteries and organs of volcanoes across the world, including some of the world’s most hazardous magmatic mountains. One day, volcanic muography could become the “ultimate detection system for magma,” said Giovanni Leone, a geophysicist at the University of Atacama in Chile and the study’s lead author. He and his colleagues say if you can use muons to track the movement of molten rock in real time, you should be able to forecast when an eruption is about to transpire. When muons zip through material, their momentum is sapped. The denser the material is, the more likely these muons will lose all their energy, grind to a halt and decay into neutrinos and electrons. Objects are rarely equally dense throughout. That includes volcanoes, which are made of either magma-filled or vacant passageways, a diversity of rock types and countless cracks, crevices and chasms. To perceive these features, volcanologists could use muon detectors, which range from the size of a suitcase to the area of a small apartment. Scientists could place detectors around a volcano’s flanks, or even fly one around the volcano with a helicopter. The endless muon rainstorm will shower the volcano at an angle. Some of the muons passing through one side of the volcano’s flanks will reach detectors on the other side; those that don’t will cast subatomic shadows on the detectors, revealing which parts of the mountain’s insides are denser and which are more vacuous. With one detector, you can get a two-dimensional image of a volcano’s innards, “similar to a medical X-ray,” said David Mahon, a muography researcher at the University of Glasgow who was not involved with the study. “By using multiple detectors positioned around the object, it’s possible to build up a crude 3D image.” After using muography to see inside an innocuous Japanese mountain in 1995, the technique was eventually deployed at active volcanoes. One of the first successful campaigns was Mount Asama in Japan, where researchers found a buried lava mound sitting atop a Swiss cheese-like magmatic passageway. It has since been used to see into, among others, Italy’s Etna and Stromboli volcanoes, Japan’s hyperactive Sakurajima volcano and the La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano in the Caribbean. Muons have found weaknesses that hint at the site of future flank collapses, landslides and lava escape routes. They have also found fresh pockets of magma that may be primed to erupt and that were overlooked by other instruments. Volcanic muography isn’t flawless. The detectors can only see the parts of the volcano that the muons are penetrating. “You can only watch from below towards the sky,” said Marina Rosas-Carbajal, a volcano geophysicist at the Paris Institute of Earth Physics who was not involved with the study. Muons are unable to penetrate deeper parts of the volcano, leaving those areas largely off-limits to muographers. Placing detectors around dozens more volcanoes, and subjecting volcanic rocks to muons in laboratories, will improve the technique’s precision as it vies for mainstream use. But even if it does become commonplace, it won’t solve all our volcanic woes. “Volcanoes are super complex,” said Rosas-Carbajal. Their labyrinthine innards and complex chemistries mean their magma will occasionally evade even the savviest of detectors. Unpredictable eruptions will remain a fact of life, no matter how well scientists wield the magic of muons. And muography is unlikely to make obsolete the other various instruments used to study volcanoes, like seismic waves and satellite observation. “It may not replace existing techniques,” said Vitaly Kudryavtsev, a particle physicist at the University of Sheffield who was not involved with the study. “But it may complement them.”

How do you see inside a volcano? Try a storm of cosmic particles.

Climate is getting warmer and the effects of global warming can be seen with the rise in temperature

COP26 Glasgow: Earth on course to heat up by 2.4°C

Big promises have been made at the COP26 summit, zero-carbon neutrality, methane pledge, stopping deforestation- all these present a positive picture. Unfortunately, it is not the case, what is being presented stands in clear contrast to the reality, watch this report for more.

Get ready for more extreme weather, Earth to be hotter by 2.4C

NASA on Sunday posted images captured by its Landsat 9 satellite. The satellite has taken its first light images of Earth. Landsat 9 is a joint mission between NASA and US Geological Survey (USGS). The mission was launched on September 27 this year.

The images that have been released have been captured on October 31. The images are likely to tell people how to better manage resources and make them realise effect climate change is having on Earth.&nbsp;

NASA administrator Bill Nelson said in a statement that Landsat programme “has the proven power to not only improve lives but also save lives"

"What a sight! #Landsat 9 captured its first images Oct. 31, and they’re striking! These data-rich images show us glaciers, actively burning fires and more, continuing a 50-year partnership between @NASA and @USGS. This image of the remote coastal islands and inlets of the Kimberley region of Western Australia was Landsat 9’s very first," says NASA in its Instagram post that depicts one of the photos taken by Landsat 9.

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Landsat 9 has several improvements and has an edge over its predecessors Landsat 8 and Landsat 9

Landsat 9 has the capability to differentiate more than 16000 shades of given wavelength colour as opposed to Landsat 7 which can differentiate only 256 colours.

NASA on Sunday posted images captured by its Landsat 9 satellite. The satellite has taken its first light images of Earth. Landsat 9 is a joint mission between NASA and US Geological Survey (USGS).

NASA on Sunday posted images captured by its Landsat 9 satellite. The satellite has taken its first light images of Earth. Landsat 9 is a joint mission between NASA and US Geological Survey (USGS). The mission was launched on September 27 this year. The images that have been released have been captured on October 31. The images are likely to tell people how to better manage resources and make them realise effect climate change is having on Earth. NASA administrator Bill Nelson said in a statement that Landsat programme “has the proven power to not only improve lives but also save lives" "What a sight! #Landsat 9 captured its first images Oct. 31, and they’re striking! These data-rich images show us glaciers, actively burning fires and more, continuing a 50-year partnership between @NASA and @USGS. This image of the remote coastal islands and inlets of the Kimberley region of Western Australia was Landsat 9’s very first," says NASA in its Instagram post that depicts one of the photos taken by Landsat 9. View this post on Instagram A post shared by NASA Earth Observatory (@nasaearth) × Landsat 9 has several improvements and has an edge over its predecessors Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 Landsat 9 has the capability to differentiate more than 16000 shades of given wavelength colour as opposed to Landsat 7 which can differentiate only 256 colours.

NASA posts first images taken by Earth-observing spacecraft Landsat 9

An analysis of ancient rocks suggests that the Earth's first continents might have emerged from the ocean around 700 million years earlier than previously thought.

The findings were published in the journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 
&nbsp; 
According to sedimentary evidence from Singhbhum near Kolkata, the first stable continents, known as 'cratons', emerged above sea level between 3.3 and 3.2 billion years ago.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/watch-this-device-translates-the-thoughts-of-paralysed-people-into-text-with-94-accuracy-427927" hreflang="en">Watch | This device translates the thoughts of paralysed people into text with 94% accuracy</a>

Rock sediments taken from eastern India have led researchers to believe the discovery may explain the growth of glaciers at that time, as well as an increase in oxygen in the atmosphere.

Based on features such as ripple marks, which are similar to the marks left by wind and waves on a sandy beach, the study's lead author, Dr Priyadarshi Chowdhury, said the rocks must have formed on land.

He explained that the rocks were formed in rivers and estuaries during ancient times.

Chowdhury explained that the formation of the first continents likely occurred before plate tectonics existed, which is the major mechanism responsible for increasing the elevation of landmasses today.

Today, plate tectonics controls elevation. The Himalayas and the Alps are formed when the plates of two continents collide, but that was not the case three billion years ago, he added.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/third-of-human-population-to-be-displaced-if-climate-change-not-curbed-427759" hreflang="en">Third of human population to be displaced if climate change not curbed</a>

Researchers believe the earliest continents emerged from the global ocean after hundreds to thousands of years (300 to 400 million years) of volcanic activity.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

3.1 billion-year-old sandstone layers formed on top of the Singhbhum craton as soon as it rose above sea level.

According to Chowdhury, the Singhbhum craton may have been formed by a gradual accumulation of lava over time so that the crust about 50km beneath the surface becomes so thick it floats up from the water like a floating iceberg.

Zircon minerals were extracted from Singhbhum sediments by the team. Lasers were fired at zircon, and then the relative amounts of elements released were measured to determine the age of the rocks.

Also read |&nbsp;​​​​​​​<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/research-reveals-only-2-of-australias-great-barrier-reef-escaped-bleaching-426886" hreflang="en">Research reveals only 2% of Australia's Great Barrier Reef escaped bleaching</a>

Several similarities in the geology of the Singhbhum craton have been found with those in South Africa and Western Australia.

The researchers further speculate that weathering of the cratons could have caused nutrient runoff, providing phosphorus to the ocean as well as other building blocks for early life.

When land is created, it also creates shallow seas, like lagoons, which in turn accelerates the growth of oxygen-producing life forms that may have boosted oxygen levels in the atmosphere and ocean.

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere would also have been drawn down by early continents, causing localised cold climate pockets and glaciation, according to Chowdhury. The result was an Earth that was more habitable.

An analysis of ancient rocks suggests that the Earth's first continents might have emerged from the ocean around 700 million years earlier than previously thought.

An analysis of ancient rocks suggests that the Earth's first continents might have emerged from the ocean around 700 million years earlier than previously thought. The findings were published in the journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. According to sedimentary evidence from Singhbhum near Kolkata, the first stable continents, known as 'cratons', emerged above sea level between 3.3 and 3.2 billion years ago. Also read | Watch | This device translates the thoughts of paralysed people into text with 94% accuracy Rock sediments taken from eastern India have led researchers to believe the discovery may explain the growth of glaciers at that time, as well as an increase in oxygen in the atmosphere. Based on features such as ripple marks, which are similar to the marks left by wind and waves on a sandy beach, the study's lead author, Dr Priyadarshi Chowdhury, said the rocks must have formed on land. He explained that the rocks were formed in rivers and estuaries during ancient times. Chowdhury explained that the formation of the first continents likely occurred before plate tectonics existed, which is the major mechanism responsible for increasing the elevation of landmasses today. Today, plate tectonics controls elevation. The Himalayas and the Alps are formed when the plates of two continents collide, but that was not the case three billion years ago, he added. Also read | Third of human population to be displaced if climate change not curbed Researchers believe the earliest continents emerged from the global ocean after hundreds to thousands of years (300 to 400 million years) of volcanic activity. 3.1 billion-year-old sandstone layers formed on top of the Singhbhum craton as soon as it rose above sea level. According to Chowdhury, the Singhbhum craton may have been formed by a gradual accumulation of lava over time so that the crust about 50km beneath the surface becomes so thick it floats up from the water like a floating iceberg. Zircon minerals were extracted from Singhbhum sediments by the team. Lasers were fired at zircon, and then the relative amounts of elements released were measured to determine the age of the rocks. Also read | Research reveals only 2% of Australia's Great Barrier Reef escaped bleaching Several similarities in the geology of the Singhbhum craton have been found with those in South Africa and Western Australia. The researchers further speculate that weathering of the cratons could have caused nutrient runoff, providing phosphorus to the ocean as well as other building blocks for early life. When land is created, it also creates shallow seas, like lagoons, which in turn accelerates the growth of oxygen-producing life forms that may have boosted oxygen levels in the atmosphere and ocean. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere would also have been drawn down by early continents, causing localised cold climate pockets and glaciation, according to Chowdhury. The result was an Earth that was more habitable.

What if scientists are wrong about the age of continents? New study says they are 700 million years older

A malfunctioning&nbsp;toilet in SpaceX capsule seems to have left astronauts with no choice but to use diapers on the way back home from the International Space Station on Sunday.

Describing the situation as “suboptimal” but manageable, NASA astronaut Megan McArthur said in a news conference from orbit, “Spaceflight is full of lots of little challenges. This is just one more that we’ll encounter and take care of in our mission. So, we’re not too worried about it.” &nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-water-in-a-galaxy-128-billion-light-years-away-426992" hreflang="en">Scientists find water in a galaxy 12.8 billion light-years away</a>

During their return, McArthur and three crewmates will have to spend 20 hours in the capsule. It includes the time from when the hatches are closed to a splashdown on Monday morning. In their time in space, these astronauts were forced to deal with the toilet leak as well.&nbsp;

Before launching replacements, the mission managers decided to bring McArthur and the rest of her crew home after a series of meetings on Friday. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/andromeda-galaxy-has-a-weird-shape-in-the-middle-astronomers-now-know-why-426752" hreflang="en">Andromeda galaxy has a weird shape in the middle, astronomers now know why</a>

For over a week, the SpaceX launch had been delayed due to bad weather and an undisclosed medical issue involving a crew member. &nbsp;&nbsp;

The company is now looking for a lift-off for Wednesday night at the earliest. French astronaut Thomas Pesquet, who will return with McArthur, said that last six months had been intense. &nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

A malfunctioning toilet in SpaceX capsule seems to have left astronauts with no choice but to use diapers on the way back home from the International Space Station on Sunday.

A malfunctioning toilet in SpaceX capsule seems to have left astronauts with no choice but to use diapers on the way back home from the International Space Station on Sunday. Describing the situation as “suboptimal” but manageable, NASA astronaut Megan McArthur said in a news conference from orbit, “Spaceflight is full of lots of little challenges. This is just one more that we’ll encounter and take care of in our mission. So, we’re not too worried about it.” Also Read: Scientists find water in a galaxy 12.8 billion light-years away During their return, McArthur and three crewmates will have to spend 20 hours in the capsule. It includes the time from when the hatches are closed to a splashdown on Monday morning. In their time in space, these astronauts were forced to deal with the toilet leak as well. Before launching replacements, the mission managers decided to bring McArthur and the rest of her crew home after a series of meetings on Friday. Also Read: Andromeda galaxy has a weird shape in the middle, astronomers now know why For over a week, the SpaceX launch had been delayed due to bad weather and an undisclosed medical issue involving a crew member. The company is now looking for a lift-off for Wednesday night at the earliest. French astronaut Thomas Pesquet, who will return with McArthur, said that last six months had been intense. (With inputs from agencies)

No plumber in space? Toilet leak pushes astronauts to use diapers on way back to Earth

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