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NASA is considering going Armageddon on an asteroid that could crash into our Moon in 2032. Asteroid 2024 YR4 was earlier predicted to hit Earth, but later calculations put our planet in the safe zone. However, the worries didn't end here as scientists then noted that it could hit the Moon. If this happens, a huge amount of debris will be released from the lunar surface, which can then rain down on Earth, impacting satellites and the astronauts at the International Space Station. So the American space agency is now thinking about nuking the space rock. The idea of blasting a nuclear weapon was published in a study available on the arXiv preprint server. The yet-to-be-peer-reviewed paper quoted NASA experts as saying that “nuclear robust disruption missions” could be deployed between 2029 to 2031 to end the threat posed by the asteroid. This becomes important considering the consequences of a crash on the Moon.<h2>Asteroid YR4 2024 and an impact in 2032</h2>If an asteroid the size of 2024 YR4 strikes the Moon, a huge debris field will be created comprising micrometeoroids, which can then rain down on Earth. The amount of debris falling towards us could increase by up to 1,000 times the normal background level over several days. Asteroid YR4 2024 was estimated to have a 3.1 per cent chance of hitting Earth in 2032 after being first spotted last year. But this changed, and the Moon is now believed to be in direct line of an impact. The probability of that happening has increased to 4.3 per cent. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/7-years-2-asteroids-and-tonnes-of-shooting-meteorites-are-earth-astronauts-and-satellites-really-safe-1751364306598">City killer asteroid can shoot meteorites like bullets at Earth in 2032. Who is at risk?</a>Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/100-000-000kg-debris-from-asteroid-collision-with-moon-could-threaten-earth-for-years-1750233294370">'City-killer' asteroid will gouge 1km crater in Moon, releasing debris that will threaten Earth for years</a><h2>What will happen when asteroid YR4 2024 collides with the Moon?</h2>Supposing that asteroid 2024 YR4 is around 174ft-220ft, 100,000,000 kilograms of debris will be generated when it crashes into the Moon. Most of it is expected to come hurtling towards Earth, endangering satellites, the International Space Station and astronauts. Other spacecraft will also bear the brunt as the debris could puncture them, rendering them unworkable. Scientists from the University of Western Ontario also found that the space rock will release energy equivalent to 6.5 megatons of TNT upon impact with our lunar satellite. This is more than the energy released by the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945 during World War II, which stood at nearly 0.015 megatons of TNT. It will also gouge a one-kilometre-deep crater in the Moon.

Can NASA nuke an asteroid? It has plans to do so with asteroid 2024 YR4, which is predicted to crash into our Moon in 2032. If the asteroid hits the Moon, 100,000,000 kilograms of debris could be generated, and most of it could rain down on Earth.

NASA is considering going Armageddon on an asteroid that could crash into our Moon in 2032. Asteroid 2024 YR4 was earlier predicted to hit Earth, but later calculations put our planet in the safe zone. However, the worries didn't end here as scientists then noted that it could hit the Moon. If this happens, a huge amount of debris will be released from the lunar surface, which can then rain down on Earth, impacting satellites and the astronauts at the International Space Station. So the American space agency is now thinking about nuking the space rock. The idea of blasting a nuclear weapon was published in a study available on the arXiv preprint server. The yet-to-be-peer-reviewed paper quoted NASA experts as saying that “nuclear robust disruption missions” could be deployed between 2029 to 2031 to end the threat posed by the asteroid. This becomes important considering the consequences of a crash on the Moon. Asteroid YR4 2024 and an impact in 2032 If an asteroid the size of 2024 YR4 strikes the Moon, a huge debris field will be created comprising micrometeoroids, which can then rain down on Earth. The amount of debris falling towards us could increase by up to 1,000 times the normal background level over several days. Asteroid YR4 2024 was estimated to have a 3.1 per cent chance of hitting Earth in 2032 after being first spotted last year. But this changed, and the Moon is now believed to be in direct line of an impact. The probability of that happening has increased to 4.3 per cent. Also Read: City killer asteroid can shoot meteorites like bullets at Earth in 2032. Who is at risk? Also Read: 'City-killer' asteroid will gouge 1km crater in Moon, releasing debris that will threaten Earth for years What will happen when asteroid YR4 2024 collides with the Moon? Supposing that asteroid 2024 YR4 is around 174ft-220ft, 100,000,000 kilograms of debris will be generated when it crashes into the Moon. Most of it is expected to come hurtling towards Earth, endangering satellites, the International Space Station and astronauts. Other spacecraft will also bear the brunt as the debris could puncture them, rendering them unworkable. Scientists from the University of Western Ontario also found that the space rock will release energy equivalent to 6.5 megatons of TNT upon impact with our lunar satellite. This is more than the energy released by the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945 during World War II, which stood at nearly 0.015 megatons of TNT. It will also gouge a one-kilometre-deep crater in the Moon.

Can NASA nuke an asteroid? It has plans to do so with asteroid 2024 YR4, which is predicted to crash into our Moon in 2032. If the asteroid hits the Moon, 100,000,000 kilograms of debris could be generated, and most of it could rain down on Earth.

Is NASA nuking an asteroid? Real-life Armageddon could happen by 2031 | Details

NASA has warned that the sun is becoming active and can slam Earth with extreme solar storms in the coming weeks. We are aware of the coomunications disruptions geostorms can cause; however, a study has revealed that they can wreak havoc on human health. Researchers from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in Brazil have noted a bizarre consequence of solar storms striking the invisible shield around Earth. They revealed that women were at a three times higher risk of heart attacks on days when geomagnetic storms struck the planet's magnetic field. This protective bubble safeguards Earth from harmful solar radiation, and a weakening cover could adversely affect humans. When solar storms hit this shield, the &nbsp;heart is impacted, since the body's natural rhythms and stress systems take a hit, according to the new study. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/world-population-will-hit-a-dead-end-very-soon-un-predicts-100-million-drop-by-2100-1759136974121">World population will hit a dead end in THIS year — UN predicts 100mn drop by...</a>&nbsp;<h2>Solar particles can cause major health issues</h2>The study authors state that solar storms change extremely low-frequency signals in the magnetic field. This can adversely affect brain waves and cause a disbalance of hormones like melatonin and serotonin, which are essential for the proper functioning of the body. All these are vital to regulate blood pressure, heart function, and other processes. The team of scientists found that women over the age of 31 were more vulnerable to geomagnetic changes. Those between the ages of 31 and 60 could suffer three times as many heart attacks on days with magnetic disruptions. The other side effects include the risk of skin cancer due to excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation. People with asthma are also likely to suffer breathing issues during solar storms.&nbsp;The Sun often releases enormous flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which contain charged particles. They go into differen directions in space, and even travel towards Earth. When they strike the magnetic field, beautiful auroras are formed, while also having a negative impact, such as disruption in satellite communications. The research has been published in the journal Nature Communications Medicine. &nbsp;

Solar storms, geostorms or coronal mass ejections can affect human health. They not only create auroras and disrupt communications systems, but can also trigger heart attacks in women. The shocking revelation has been made by a group of Brazilian scientists. 

NASA has warned that the sun is becoming active and can slam Earth with extreme solar storms in the coming weeks. We are aware of the coomunications disruptions geostorms can cause; however, a study has revealed that they can wreak havoc on human health. Researchers from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in Brazil have noted a bizarre consequence of solar storms striking the invisible shield around Earth. They revealed that women were at a three times higher risk of heart attacks on days when geomagnetic storms struck the planet's magnetic field. This protective bubble safeguards Earth from harmful solar radiation, and a weakening cover could adversely affect humans. When solar storms hit this shield, the heart is impacted, since the body's natural rhythms and stress systems take a hit, according to the new study. Also Read: World population will hit a dead end in THIS year — UN predicts 100mn drop by... Solar particles can cause major health issues The study authors state that solar storms change extremely low-frequency signals in the magnetic field. This can adversely affect brain waves and cause a disbalance of hormones like melatonin and serotonin, which are essential for the proper functioning of the body. All these are vital to regulate blood pressure, heart function, and other processes. The team of scientists found that women over the age of 31 were more vulnerable to geomagnetic changes. Those between the ages of 31 and 60 could suffer three times as many heart attacks on days with magnetic disruptions. The other side effects include the risk of skin cancer due to excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation. People with asthma are also likely to suffer breathing issues during solar storms. The Sun often releases enormous flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which contain charged particles. They go into differen directions in space, and even travel towards Earth. When they strike the magnetic field, beautiful auroras are formed, while also having a negative impact, such as disruption in satellite communications. The research has been published in the journal Nature Communications Medicine.

Solar storms, geostorms or coronal mass ejections can affect human health. They not only create auroras and disrupt communications systems, but can also trigger heart attacks in women. The shocking revelation has been made by a group of Brazilian scientists.&nbsp;

Solar storms can trigger heart attacks in women, shocking study finds

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, discovered on July 1, 2025, is approaching its closest distance from the Sun now. It is expected to be invisible from Earth soon. It will be on the opposite side of the Sun for some time. The interloper will reappear in the sky in late November, before approaching its closest passage to Earth, approximately 268 million kilometres or 1.8 Astronomical Units away in mid-December, which is approximately 1.8 times the distance between the Earth and the Sun.<h2>The best view of comet 3I/ATLAS</h2>The interstellar comet is now just a few degrees away from the Sun, making it optimal for visibility just an hour after the Sun sets. Its perihelion is expected on October 29, 2025, ie, closest to the Sun, at approximately 202 million kilometres distance. It will be closer than the other comets; however, Earth’s going to miss the moment. The best view of the comet will be in early December, just before its closest approach to Earth in mid-December.&nbsp;Due to its faintness, a telescope with a minimum 70 mm aperture will be needed for a clear look. A secluded area far from the light pollution of cities will be an optimal space to observe the comet.&nbsp;The fascinating interstellar visitor has a nucleus diameter of roughly 5.6 kilometres and is approaching at speeds over 210,000 km/h. Astronomers have carefully studied the light coming from the comet and found that it has cyanide and nickel in its coma. Additionally, NASA's SPHEREx spacecraft has detected carbon dioxide gas and water ice in the comet, confirming its composition. The Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is the third visitor after &nbsp;1I/’Oumuamua, discovered in 2017, and Comet 2I/Borisov, discovered in 2019. It is twice as fast and larger than the other two.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, discovered in July 2025, is approaching perihelion and will soon be temporarily invisible from Earth. The comet, larger and faster than its predecessors, will be best visible in early December. Learn how to view it and its unique composition.

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, discovered on July 1, 2025, is approaching its closest distance from the Sun now. It is expected to be invisible from Earth soon. It will be on the opposite side of the Sun for some time. The interloper will reappear in the sky in late November, before approaching its closest passage to Earth, approximately 268 million kilometres or 1.8 Astronomical Units away in mid-December, which is approximately 1.8 times the distance between the Earth and the Sun. The best view of comet 3I/ATLAS The interstellar comet is now just a few degrees away from the Sun, making it optimal for visibility just an hour after the Sun sets. Its perihelion is expected on October 29, 2025, ie, closest to the Sun, at approximately 202 million kilometres distance. It will be closer than the other comets; however, Earth’s going to miss the moment. The best view of the comet will be in early December, just before its closest approach to Earth in mid-December. Due to its faintness, a telescope with a minimum 70 mm aperture will be needed for a clear look. A secluded area far from the light pollution of cities will be an optimal space to observe the comet. The fascinating interstellar visitor has a nucleus diameter of roughly 5.6 kilometres and is approaching at speeds over 210,000 km/h. Astronomers have carefully studied the light coming from the comet and found that it has cyanide and nickel in its coma. Additionally, NASA's SPHEREx spacecraft has detected carbon dioxide gas and water ice in the comet, confirming its composition. The Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is the third visitor after 1I/’Oumuamua, discovered in 2017, and Comet 2I/Borisov, discovered in 2019. It is twice as fast and larger than the other two.

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, discovered in July 2025, is approaching perihelion and will soon be temporarily invisible from Earth. The comet, larger and faster than its predecessors, will be best visible in early December. Learn how to view it and its unique composition.

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS larger than expected, set to vanish from view before reappearing in November 2025

Three comets are currently in the sky - C/2025 K1 (ATLAS), C/2025 R2 (SWAN), and C/2025 A6 (Lemmon). However, not all of them will be visible to the naked eye. You'll need a powerful telescope to watch at least two of these comets. There is a high chance that the third comet will become a Halloween comet and be visible to the naked eye. It is comet season since, besides these three, 3I/Atlas is also making noise for several reasons, one of them being the suspicion that it isn't a natural object. In short, there is a lot astronomy and stargazing enthusiasts can look forward to in the next few weeks. Meanwhile, here is a lowdown on the three comets and when and how to see them.<h2>C/2025 K1 (ATLAS)&nbsp;</h2>The comet was first seen in May 2025. It will make its closest approach to Earth on November 24-25, 2025. However, right now it is lost in the glare of the Sun. If it manages to survive perihelion, its closest point to the Sun, on October 8, then it is expected to put on a spectacular show. It is getting brighter as it nears the Sun. But, even if it manages to survive, its position in the sky would only let a few people see it. Comet C/2025 K1 (ATLAS) will remain below the horizon until late November. It will be about 40 million miles from Earth and will be too dim. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/threat-to-earth-speed-age-and-more-all-your-questions-about-interstellar-comet-3i-atlas-answered-1759204932732">Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas: Threat to Earth, speed, age and other questions answered</a><h2>Comet C/2025 R2 (SWAN)</h2>This comet was discovered by amateur astronomer Vladimir Bezugly. He was scanning through images from NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) when he spotted the comet on September 11. The comet is currently about 50 million miles from Earth. It has already survived perihelion and is peaking over the western horizon. It is getting brighter and will reach its closest point to Earth on October 19, when it will be only 24 million miles from us. But you will still need a telescope to see Comet C/2025 R2 (SWAN). Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-s-asteroid-bound-spacecraft-sends-its-last-laser-message-from-deep-space-here-s-why-that-matters-1759209731077">NASA's asteroid-bound spacecraft sends its last laser message from deep space. Here's why that matters</a><h2>C/2025 A6 (Lemmon)&nbsp;</h2>This is the only comet this year that you might get a chance to see with the naked eye this year. It was discovered on January 3 by telescopes on Mount Lemmon in Arizona. Hundreds of observations have been made of the comet, and the trajectory of C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) confirms that it orbits the Sun in 1,396 years. It last visited Earth in the year 629. It will next zoom past us in the year 3421. It is steadily brightening, and you might get to see it in late October before reaching perihelion on November 8.&nbsp;Two other comets are also coming closer, but will reach the skies above Earth next year. Comet 24P/Schanmasse will reach its closest point to the Sun on 8 January 2026, and to Earth on January 4. Comet C/2024 E1 (Wierzchos) is travelling from the Oort cloud and was discovered on 3 March 2024. It will make its closest approach to Earth on February 17, 2026 and reach perihelion on January 20.

It is comet season once again as three comets are nearing Earth in October. But not all of them will be visible to the naked eye. Two other comets will visit early next year, in 2026. Then, we also have 3I/Atlas, which won't be visible from Earth, but is making a lot of noise.

Three comets are currently in the sky - C/2025 K1 (ATLAS), C/2025 R2 (SWAN), and C/2025 A6 (Lemmon). However, not all of them will be visible to the naked eye. You'll need a powerful telescope to watch at least two of these comets. There is a high chance that the third comet will become a Halloween comet and be visible to the naked eye. It is comet season since, besides these three, 3I/Atlas is also making noise for several reasons, one of them being the suspicion that it isn't a natural object. In short, there is a lot astronomy and stargazing enthusiasts can look forward to in the next few weeks. Meanwhile, here is a lowdown on the three comets and when and how to see them. C/2025 K1 (ATLAS) The comet was first seen in May 2025. It will make its closest approach to Earth on November 24-25, 2025. However, right now it is lost in the glare of the Sun. If it manages to survive perihelion, its closest point to the Sun, on October 8, then it is expected to put on a spectacular show. It is getting brighter as it nears the Sun. But, even if it manages to survive, its position in the sky would only let a few people see it. Comet C/2025 K1 (ATLAS) will remain below the horizon until late November. It will be about 40 million miles from Earth and will be too dim. Also Read: Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas: Threat to Earth, speed, age and other questions answered Comet C/2025 R2 (SWAN) This comet was discovered by amateur astronomer Vladimir Bezugly. He was scanning through images from NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) when he spotted the comet on September 11. The comet is currently about 50 million miles from Earth. It has already survived perihelion and is peaking over the western horizon. It is getting brighter and will reach its closest point to Earth on October 19, when it will be only 24 million miles from us. But you will still need a telescope to see Comet C/2025 R2 (SWAN). Also Read: NASA's asteroid-bound spacecraft sends its last laser message from deep space. Here's why that matters C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) This is the only comet this year that you might get a chance to see with the naked eye this year. It was discovered on January 3 by telescopes on Mount Lemmon in Arizona. Hundreds of observations have been made of the comet, and the trajectory of C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) confirms that it orbits the Sun in 1,396 years. It last visited Earth in the year 629. It will next zoom past us in the year 3421. It is steadily brightening, and you might get to see it in late October before reaching perihelion on November 8. Two other comets are also coming closer, but will reach the skies above Earth next year. Comet 24P/Schanmasse will reach its closest point to the Sun on 8 January 2026, and to Earth on January 4. Comet C/2024 E1 (Wierzchos) is travelling from the Oort cloud and was discovered on 3 March 2024. It will make its closest approach to Earth on February 17, 2026 and reach perihelion on January 20.

It is comet season once again as three comets are nearing Earth in October. But not all of them will be visible to the naked eye. Two other comets will visit early next year, in 2026. Then, we also have 3I/Atlas, which won't be visible from Earth, but is making a lot of noise.

Three comets are coming near Earth this year. Visibility, dates of arrival and other details

NASA's Psyche spacecraft has sent its final laser downlink signal from a distance of 350 million kilometres in space. This is a new milestone in the field of space communications. The infrared laser message was beamed in December 2024 from a distance of 494 million kilometres, a point which is more than twice the average distance between Earth and Mars. That's more than 1,285 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. Psyche is going to the asteroid belt to study one particular space rock. It has been tasked with exploring the metal-rich asteroid 16 Psyche, a remnant of planetary formation, which can offer insights into the building blocks of terrestrial planet cores. The 65th message sent by Psyche was its last laser message before it started working on its mission. It is a big achievement for NASA's Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) technology test.&nbsp;From here on, Psyche will use more standard radio communications to downlink data back to Earth. Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy said, "NASA is setting America on the path to Mars, and advancing laser communications technologies brings us one step closer to streaming high-definition video and delivering valuable data from the Martian surface faster than ever before." The difference between the date the message was sent and when it was received comes down to Psyche's place in solar orbit. It is on a path which sometimes brings it closer to Earth and sometimes farther. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/threat-to-earth-speed-age-and-more-all-your-questions-about-interstellar-comet-3i-atlas-answered-1759204932732">Threat to Earth, speed, age and more: All your questions about interstellar comet 3I/Atlas answered</a>&nbsp;<h2>NASA and future missions</h2>Laser signals and radio transmissions are very different, and NASA has been working on effective communication techniques to further its plans in space and reach beyond the Moon and Mars. While radio communications are reliable, they are relatively slow. DSOC has successfully transferred 13.6 terabytes of data to Earth's ground terminals to date. It even beamed an ultra-high-definition video at 267 megabits per second from a distance of 30.5 million kilometres, a first for NASA.Experts at the space agency say that the DSOC technology works and can send large amounts of data from the deepest points in space. NASA is hoping to use it in its future Mars mission. &nbsp;

NASA's Psyche spacecraft, the was launched in 2023 to study a space rock in the asteroid belt in 2029, just sent its last laser message from deep space. The signal is a huge achievement for NASA and will help it in its future Moon and Mars missions.

NASA's Psyche spacecraft has sent its final laser downlink signal from a distance of 350 million kilometres in space. This is a new milestone in the field of space communications. The infrared laser message was beamed in December 2024 from a distance of 494 million kilometres, a point which is more than twice the average distance between Earth and Mars. That's more than 1,285 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. Psyche is going to the asteroid belt to study one particular space rock. It has been tasked with exploring the metal-rich asteroid 16 Psyche, a remnant of planetary formation, which can offer insights into the building blocks of terrestrial planet cores. The 65th message sent by Psyche was its last laser message before it started working on its mission. It is a big achievement for NASA's Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) technology test. From here on, Psyche will use more standard radio communications to downlink data back to Earth. Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy said, "NASA is setting America on the path to Mars, and advancing laser communications technologies brings us one step closer to streaming high-definition video and delivering valuable data from the Martian surface faster than ever before." The difference between the date the message was sent and when it was received comes down to Psyche's place in solar orbit. It is on a path which sometimes brings it closer to Earth and sometimes farther. Also Read: Threat to Earth, speed, age and more: All your questions about interstellar comet 3I/Atlas answered NASA and future missions Laser signals and radio transmissions are very different, and NASA has been working on effective communication techniques to further its plans in space and reach beyond the Moon and Mars. While radio communications are reliable, they are relatively slow. DSOC has successfully transferred 13.6 terabytes of data to Earth's ground terminals to date. It even beamed an ultra-high-definition video at 267 megabits per second from a distance of 30.5 million kilometres, a first for NASA. Experts at the space agency say that the DSOC technology works and can send large amounts of data from the deepest points in space. NASA is hoping to use it in its future Mars mission.

NASA's Psyche spacecraft, the was launched in 2023 to study a space rock in the asteroid belt in 2029, just sent its last laser message from deep space. The signal is a huge achievement for NASA and will help it in its future Moon and Mars missions.

NASA's asteroid-bound spacecraft sends its last laser message from deep space. Here's why that matters

Around 41,000 years ago, Earth’s magnetic field weakened dramatically during the Laschamps excursion, reducing to just 10 per cent of its usual strength. Normally, the magnetic field shields the planet from cosmic and solar radiation, but its collapse exposed regions such as Europe and northern Africa to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Early humans faced increased risks, including ocular damage and folate depletion, which could lead to birth defects. Researchers at the University of Michigan suggest that Homo sapiens developed behavioural and technological strategies to survive this period, while Neanderthals, lacking such innovations, may have been more vulnerable.&nbsp;

ochre, a red iron-rich pigment

&nbsp;<h2>Ochre and natural sun protection</h2>One key adaptation was the widespread use of ochre, a red iron-rich pigment. Archaeological evidence shows that early Homo sapiens applied ochre to their skin, which experimental studies indicate can act as a natural sunscreen. Previously used in cave art and body decoration, ochre’s sun-protective properties may have offered a critical survival advantage, shielding humans from harmful UV rays during one of Earth’s most intense solar exposures.&nbsp;Alongside ochre, early humans developed tailored clothing using tools such as needles, scrapers, and awls. Unlike simple coverings, these garments were fitted to the body, providing warmth and indirectly protecting skin from UV radiation. Additionally, the increased use of caves and natural shelters offered further protection from solar exposure. Together, these strategies helped Homo sapiens endure environmental extremes that coincided with the magnetic field’s collapse.<h2>Implications for Neanderthal extinction</h2>The study offers a fresh perspective on why Neanderthals disappeared around 40,000 years ago. Lacking comparable adaptations such as ochre use, tailored clothing, and strategic sheltering, they may have been more exposed to harmful UV radiation. Regions of high cosmic ray exposure during the Laschamps excursion overlap with sites of early modern human activity, suggesting that behavioural and technological innovations contributed to Homo sapiens’ survival advantage.&nbsp;While the findings are correlational, they highlight early humans’ ability to adapt to extreme environmental stressors. The research also provides insight into potential impacts of future magnetic fluctuations, which could disrupt modern technology and pose risks to human health. Prehistoric sunscreens, tailored clothing, and shelters thus illustrate the ingenuity that enabled our ancestors to thrive under a weakened protective shield.&nbsp;

Researchers at the University of Michigan suggest that Homo sapiens developed behavioural and technological strategies to survive this period, while Neanderthals, lacking such innovations, may have been more vulnerable.

Around 41,000 years ago, Earth’s magnetic field weakened dramatically during the Laschamps excursion, reducing to just 10 per cent of its usual strength. Normally, the magnetic field shields the planet from cosmic and solar radiation, but its collapse exposed regions such as Europe and northern Africa to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Early humans faced increased risks, including ocular damage and folate depletion, which could lead to birth defects. Researchers at the University of Michigan suggest that Homo sapiens developed behavioural and technological strategies to survive this period, while Neanderthals, lacking such innovations, may have been more vulnerable.

Researchers at the University of Michigan suggest that Homo sapiens developed behavioural and technological strategies to survive this period, while Neanderthals, lacking such innovations, may have been more vulnerable.

Prehistoric sunscreens! Did you know humans had a sun protection secret 40,000 years ago?

Vladimir Komarov, a seasoned Soviet cosmonaut, became the first human to lose his life during a space mission on April 24, 1967. Tasked with testing the experimental Soyuz 1 spacecraft, he faced technical failures that turned a routine mission into a fatal tragedy. Komarov’s determination to complete the flight despite life-threatening malfunctions, the political pressures of the space race, and the ultimate failure of his parachute make his story both haunting and pivotal in the history of human space exploration. His death exposed the perils of early space travel and reshaped safety protocols for future missions.&nbsp;<h2>Early life and career</h2>&nbsp;Born on March 16, 1927 in Moscow, Vladimir Komarov began his journey into aviation at the age of 15 when he joined the Soviet Air Force. He graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy in 1959 and quickly rose through the ranks. In 1964, he commanded Voskhod 1, the first spaceflight to carry more than one crew member, solidifying his status as a prominent figure in the Soviet space programme. His second mission, Soyuz 1, would tragically become his last. &nbsp;

Soyuz 1 spacecraft suffered a solar panel failure soon after entering orbit

&nbsp;<h2>The Soyuz 1 mission</h2>The Soyuz 1 mission, launched on April 23, 1967, was the first crewed flight of the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft, with Vladimir Komarov aboard. Intended as a test of the new spacecraft’s systems, including navigation, life support, and docking capabilities, the mission faced immediate problems. A solar panel failed to deploy, causing critical power shortages and compromising control systems. Despite these malfunctions, Komarov continued the mission under immense risk.&nbsp;During re-entry on April 24, 1967, the spacecraft’s main parachute failed, and the reserve became entangled. Soyuz 1 crashed violently in southeastern Russia, killing Komarov instantly. He became the first human to die during a spaceflight, highlighting the dangers of early space exploration. The mission exposed flaws in spacecraft design, rushed development, and political pressure during the Cold War space race. Komarov’s death prompted a redesign of Soyuz systems, reshaped safety protocols, and cemented his legacy as a symbol of bravery and sacrifice in human spaceflight.&nbsp;In recognition of his bravery and contributions, he was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin and named a Hero of the Soviet Union. His ashes were interred in the Kremlin Wall, reflecting his status as a national hero and symbol of Soviet space achievement. Vladimir Komarov’s story is a poignant reminder of the human cost of exploration and the relentless pursuit of knowledge.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Soyuz 1 was intended as a test flight for a spacecraft designed to eventually transport cosmonauts to the Moon. Komarov launched on April 23, 1967, but the mission was plagued with problems from the outset. A solar panel failed to deploy, causing power shortages and navigation difficulties.

Vladimir Komarov, a seasoned Soviet cosmonaut, became the first human to lose his life during a space mission on April 24, 1967. Tasked with testing the experimental Soyuz 1 spacecraft, he faced technical failures that turned a routine mission into a fatal tragedy. Komarov’s determination to complete the flight despite life-threatening malfunctions, the political pressures of the space race, and the ultimate failure of his parachute make his story both haunting and pivotal in the history of human space exploration. His death exposed the perils of early space travel and reshaped safety protocols for future missions. Early life and career Born on March 16, 1927 in Moscow, Vladimir Komarov began his journey into aviation at the age of 15 when he joined the Soviet Air Force. He graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy in 1959 and quickly rose through the ranks. In 1964, he commanded Voskhod 1, the first spaceflight to carry more than one crew member, solidifying his status as a prominent figure in the Soviet space programme. His second mission, Soyuz 1, would tragically become his last.

Soyuz 1 was intended as a test flight for a spacecraft designed to eventually transport cosmonauts to the Moon. Komarov launched on April 23, 1967, but the mission was plagued with problems from the outset. A solar panel failed to deploy, causing power shortages and navigation difficulties.

Who was the first man to lose his life in space? The untold story of Vladimir Komarov

On August 27, 1883, the eruption of Krakatoa in Indonesia produced the loudest sound ever recorded in human history. At 10:02 am, a cataclysmic explosion was heard over 4,800 kilometres away, from Mauritius in the Indian Ocean to Australia. The sound was so intense that it ruptured eardrums on nearby ships and was recorded on barographs worldwide. This singular event not only reshaped the landscape but also left an indelible mark on the Earth's atmosphere and climate.&nbsp;<h2>The Eruption's Magnitude and Global Impact</h2>&nbsp;The eruption of Krakatoa was a volcanic event of unprecedented scale. It released an estimated 200 megatons of TNT, making it four times more powerful than the largest nuclear bomb ever detonated, the Tsar Bomba. The explosion obliterated two-thirds of the island and generated tsunamis up to 46 meters high, devastating coastal regions of Java and Sumatra. The atmospheric shockwaves from the eruption circled the globe multiple times, and the resulting climatic effects led to a global temperature drop, known as a volcanic winter, causing widespread crop failures and food shortages.&nbsp;The eruption released energy equivalent to about 200 megatons of TNT, roughly 10,000 times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Its shockwaves destroyed over 160 villages and claimed more than 36,000 lives. Two-thirds of the volcanic island collapsed, triggering massive tsunamis up to 46 metres (151 feet) tall that devastated surrounding coastal areas. The eruption sent ash clouds soaring 25 kilometres into the atmosphere and was heard over 3,000 miles away, affecting nearly 8% of the Earth’s surface.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Other Loudest Sounds Recorded</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>While Krakatoa holds the record for the loudest sound in recorded history, other events have also produced immense sonic energy. The 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera in New Zealand was heard over 1,000 kilometres away, while the 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia, caused by a meteor airburst, generated shockwaves that flattened over 2,000 square kilometres of forest. In more recent history, the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in the United States produced an explosion heard up to 320 kilometres away. Even underwater, the detonation of the 1961 Tsar Bomba and large volcanic eruptions like Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in 2022 released sounds capable of traveling thousands of kilometres through air or water, highlighting nature’s capacity to unleash overwhelming energy.&nbsp;<h2>The Enduring Legacy of Krakatoa's Sound</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The eruption's sound waves were so powerful that they were detected by barometers around the world. In London, the atmospheric pressure fluctuations were recorded, and the shockwaves were observed to have traveled around the Earth several times. The event also had a profound impact on the study of volcanology and seismology, prompting scientific investigations into the causes and effects of such powerful eruptions.&nbsp;

The sound was so intense that it ruptured eardrums on nearby ships and was recorded on barographs worldwide. This singular event not only reshaped the landscape but also left an indelible mark on the Earth's atmosphere and climate.

On August 27, 1883, the eruption of Krakatoa in Indonesia produced the loudest sound ever recorded in human history. At 10:02 am, a cataclysmic explosion was heard over 4,800 kilometres away, from Mauritius in the Indian Ocean to Australia. The sound was so intense that it ruptured eardrums on nearby ships and was recorded on barographs worldwide. This singular event not only reshaped the landscape but also left an indelible mark on the Earth's atmosphere and climate. The Eruption's Magnitude and Global Impact The eruption of Krakatoa was a volcanic event of unprecedented scale. It released an estimated 200 megatons of TNT, making it four times more powerful than the largest nuclear bomb ever detonated, the Tsar Bomba. The explosion obliterated two-thirds of the island and generated tsunamis up to 46 meters high, devastating coastal regions of Java and Sumatra. The atmospheric shockwaves from the eruption circled the globe multiple times, and the resulting climatic effects led to a global temperature drop, known as a volcanic winter, causing widespread crop failures and food shortages. The eruption released energy equivalent to about 200 megatons of TNT, roughly 10,000 times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Its shockwaves destroyed over 160 villages and claimed more than 36,000 lives. Two-thirds of the volcanic island collapsed, triggering massive tsunamis up to 46 metres (151 feet) tall that devastated surrounding coastal areas. The eruption sent ash clouds soaring 25 kilometres into the atmosphere and was heard over 3,000 miles away, affecting nearly 8% of the Earth’s surface. Other Loudest Sounds Recorded While Krakatoa holds the record for the loudest sound in recorded history, other events have also produced immense sonic energy. The 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera in New Zealand was heard over 1,000 kilometres away, while the 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia, caused by a meteor airburst, generated shockwaves that flattened over 2,000 square kilometres of forest. In more recent history, the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in the United States produced an explosion heard up to 320 kilometres away. Even underwater, the detonation of the 1961 Tsar Bomba and large volcanic eruptions like Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in 2022 released sounds capable of traveling thousands of kilometres through air or water, highlighting nature’s capacity to unleash overwhelming energy. The Enduring Legacy of Krakatoa's Sound The eruption's sound waves were so powerful that they were detected by barometers around the world. In London, the atmospheric pressure fluctuations were recorded, and the shockwaves were observed to have traveled around the Earth several times. The event also had a profound impact on the study of volcanology and seismology, prompting scientific investigations into the causes and effects of such powerful eruptions.

The sound was so intense that it ruptured eardrums on nearby ships and was recorded on barographs worldwide. This singular event not only reshaped the landscape but also left an indelible mark on the Earth's atmosphere and climate.

The loudest sound in history: How Krakatoa’s 1883 eruption shook the world

Beneath what is now a Lowe’s parking lot just off Route 55 in Mantua Township, New Jersey, lies a remarkable fossil site, soon to be the Edelman Fossil Park &amp; Museum. The site sits atop a layer of sediment known as the extinction layer, marking the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods some 66 million years ago. This layer is evidence of the asteroid impact that ended the age of dinosaurs. Geologists and palaeontologists have uncovered more than 1,00,000 fossils to date, representing over 100 species, including marine reptiles, fish, turtles, and sharks. The quarry beneath the future museum provides a preserved ecosystem capturing the final moments of Cretaceous marine life.<h3>The Mosasaur and Ancient Seas</h3>Among the most striking finds are mosasaur bones, large marine predators that once ruled the shallow seas covering what is now southern New Jersey. These creatures could reach lengths of up to 50 feet, and their remains give scientists insight into marine biodiversity just before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The sediments around the fossils show that this region was submerged under the Atlantic Seaway, a warm shallow sea teeming with life. The fossil-rich marl layers include not just mosasaurs, but also marine crocodiles, sea turtles, and many invertebrates. A recent feature by Energy Reporters highlights that the fossils uncovered at Edelman Fossil Park are changing our understanding of the last days of the dinosaurs.&nbsp;The site had long been known for its fossil potential before becoming an official museum. Dr Kenneth Lacovara, founding executive director of Edelman Fossil Park &amp; Museum, led efforts to transform the former quarry into a public science and education facility. The museum officially opened in March 2025. It is located on ‘66 Million Mosasaur Way’ in Mantua, New Jersey. Visitors can take part in fossil digs, guided tours, and interactive programmes. The public aspect is central: this is one of the few places in the eastern United States with an open quarry where amateurs and school groups can help uncover fossils.<h3>Why It Matters</h3>This discovery reshapes our understanding of the end-Cretaceous marine world. The density and diversity of fossils in the extinction layer help fill in details about which species survived until the very end, which perished, and how ecosystems collapsed and rebounded in the wake of global catastrophe. The site also emphasises how fossil evidence can lie hidden under modern development, only to be revealed by careful geological and palaeontological study.&nbsp;

Geologists and palaeontologists have uncovered more than 1,00,000 fossils to date, representing over 100 species, including marine reptiles, fish, turtles, and sharks. The quarry beneath the future museum provides a preserved ecosystem capturing the final moments of Cretaceous marine life.

Beneath what is now a Lowe’s parking lot just off Route 55 in Mantua Township, New Jersey, lies a remarkable fossil site, soon to be the Edelman Fossil Park & Museum. The site sits atop a layer of sediment known as the extinction layer, marking the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods some 66 million years ago. This layer is evidence of the asteroid impact that ended the age of dinosaurs. Geologists and palaeontologists have uncovered more than 1,00,000 fossils to date, representing over 100 species, including marine reptiles, fish, turtles, and sharks. The quarry beneath the future museum provides a preserved ecosystem capturing the final moments of Cretaceous marine life. The Mosasaur and Ancient Seas Among the most striking finds are mosasaur bones, large marine predators that once ruled the shallow seas covering what is now southern New Jersey. These creatures could reach lengths of up to 50 feet, and their remains give scientists insight into marine biodiversity just before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The sediments around the fossils show that this region was submerged under the Atlantic Seaway, a warm shallow sea teeming with life. The fossil-rich marl layers include not just mosasaurs, but also marine crocodiles, sea turtles, and many invertebrates. A recent feature by Energy Reporters highlights that the fossils uncovered at Edelman Fossil Park are changing our understanding of the last days of the dinosaurs. The site had long been known for its fossil potential before becoming an official museum. Dr Kenneth Lacovara, founding executive director of Edelman Fossil Park & Museum, led efforts to transform the former quarry into a public science and education facility. The museum officially opened in March 2025. It is located on ‘66 Million Mosasaur Way’ in Mantua, New Jersey. Visitors can take part in fossil digs, guided tours, and interactive programmes. The public aspect is central: this is one of the few places in the eastern United States with an open quarry where amateurs and school groups can help uncover fossils. Why It Matters This discovery reshapes our understanding of the end-Cretaceous marine world. The density and diversity of fossils in the extinction layer help fill in details about which species survived until the very end, which perished, and how ecosystems collapsed and rebounded in the wake of global catastrophe. The site also emphasises how fossil evidence can lie hidden under modern development, only to be revealed by careful geological and palaeontological study.

Geologists and palaeontologists have uncovered more than 1,00,000 fossils to date, representing over 100 species, including marine reptiles, fish, turtles, and sharks. The quarry beneath the future museum provides a preserved ecosystem capturing the final moments of Cretaceous marine life.

50-foot fossil predator from dinosaur age found beneath US shopping centre

Astronomers led by Valerio Carruba of São Paulo State University (UNESP) have identified a largely unseen population of asteroids co‑orbiting the Sun in resonance with Venus, objects few have noticed, but which may one day pose serious risk to Earth, his team published findings in Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics. These Venus co‑orbital asteroids, also known as 1:1 mean‑motion resonant objects, share roughly the same orbital period around the Sun as Venus, without being satellites of the planet itself.&nbsp;There are currently around 20 known co‑orbitals of Venus. Most of them have high orbital eccentricity (e &gt; 0.38), meaning their paths around the Sun are quite elongated, bringing them far enough from Venus’s path (and the glare of the Sun) that telescopes can sometimes pick them up. But the key result of the recent study is that this observed distribution is almost certainly biased, there may be many more with lower eccentricities that are effectively invisible with current ground‑based methods.<h3>Potential Hazard: City‑Killer Size and Earth‑Crossing Orbits</h3>The study emphasises that many of these asteroids are large enough, at least 140 metres wide, to be classified as ‘city killers’ if they were to strike Earth. Such an impact could devastate a large urban area. While none of the known co‑orbitals currently pose an imminent threat, simulations spanning several co‑orbital cycles (on the order of 12,000 years each) show that some could evolve into Earth‑crossing orbits under gravitational perturbations. In particular, six known co‑orbitals were identified as having future potential to become what astronomers term Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs), with minimum orbital intersection distances small enough to merit attention. The study covers long‑term dynamics over up to about 36,000 years, three average co‑orbital cycles, to estimate how often transitions to risky orbits might happen.<h3>Why Are They Hard to Spot?</h3>The greatest challenge is observational: these low‑eccentricity co‑orbitals spend much of their orbits very close to the Sun in our sky, where Sun glare severely limits what ground‑based telescopes can see. Generally, objects with high eccentricity wander farther from the Sun’s vicinity, making them more likely to be found. But those with nearly circular orbits, which never stray far, remain hidden. Another factor is the timing and geometry: when these bodies are observable, it may be only during brief windows, just after sunset or before sunrise, and only at certain angles relative to the Sun when glare is less overwhelming.&nbsp;Future telescopes and missions could close some of these observational gaps. NASA’s NEO Surveyor, slated to launch in the next few years, is designed to view in infrared wavelengths, allowing detection of objects that are faint, dark, or hidden by sunlight, and to spot asteroids coming from close to the Sun. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory may also catch some of these during favourable configurations. Carruba’s team indicates that while many low‑eccentricity Venus co‑orbitals are currently undetectable, some will enter favourable viewing windows, and new survey capabilities could reveal them.<h3>What It Means for Earth</h3>No immediate danger: The current known co‑orbitals are not on a collision course with Earth for the foreseeable future.Long‑term risk: Over thousands of years, gravitational effects can shift orbits. Objects that are safe now may become hazardous.Need for better surveys: Effectively defending Earth against such threats depends not only on what we see, but on estimating what we cannot yet see. Space‑based infrared observations could prove crucial.

The study emphasises that many of these asteroids are large enough, at least 140 metres wide, to be classified as ‘city killers’ if they were to strike Earth. Such an impact could devastate a large urban area.

Astronomers led by Valerio Carruba of São Paulo State University (UNESP) have identified a largely unseen population of asteroids co‑orbiting the Sun in resonance with Venus, objects few have noticed, but which may one day pose serious risk to Earth, his team published findings in Astronomy & Astrophysics. These Venus co‑orbital asteroids, also known as 1:1 mean‑motion resonant objects, share roughly the same orbital period around the Sun as Venus, without being satellites of the planet itself. There are currently around 20 known co‑orbitals of Venus. Most of them have high orbital eccentricity (e > 0.38), meaning their paths around the Sun are quite elongated, bringing them far enough from Venus’s path (and the glare of the Sun) that telescopes can sometimes pick them up. But the key result of the recent study is that this observed distribution is almost certainly biased, there may be many more with lower eccentricities that are effectively invisible with current ground‑based methods. Potential Hazard: City‑Killer Size and Earth‑Crossing Orbits The study emphasises that many of these asteroids are large enough, at least 140 metres wide, to be classified as ‘city killers’ if they were to strike Earth. Such an impact could devastate a large urban area. While none of the known co‑orbitals currently pose an imminent threat, simulations spanning several co‑orbital cycles (on the order of 12,000 years each) show that some could evolve into Earth‑crossing orbits under gravitational perturbations. In particular, six known co‑orbitals were identified as having future potential to become what astronomers term Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs), with minimum orbital intersection distances small enough to merit attention. The study covers long‑term dynamics over up to about 36,000 years, three average co‑orbital cycles, to estimate how often transitions to risky orbits might happen. Why Are They Hard to Spot? The greatest challenge is observational: these low‑eccentricity co‑orbitals spend much of their orbits very close to the Sun in our sky, where Sun glare severely limits what ground‑based telescopes can see. Generally, objects with high eccentricity wander farther from the Sun’s vicinity, making them more likely to be found. But those with nearly circular orbits, which never stray far, remain hidden. Another factor is the timing and geometry: when these bodies are observable, it may be only during brief windows, just after sunset or before sunrise, and only at certain angles relative to the Sun when glare is less overwhelming. Future telescopes and missions could close some of these observational gaps. NASA’s NEO Surveyor, slated to launch in the next few years, is designed to view in infrared wavelengths, allowing detection of objects that are faint, dark, or hidden by sunlight, and to spot asteroids coming from close to the Sun. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory may also catch some of these during favourable configurations. Carruba’s team indicates that while many low‑eccentricity Venus co‑orbitals are currently undetectable, some will enter favourable viewing windows, and new survey capabilities could reveal them. What It Means for Earth No immediate danger: The current known co‑orbitals are not on a collision course with Earth for the foreseeable future. Long‑term risk: Over thousands of years, gravitational effects can shift orbits. Objects that are safe now may become hazardous. Need for better surveys: Effectively defending Earth against such threats depends not only on what we see, but on estimating what we cannot yet see. Space‑based infrared observations could prove crucial.

The study emphasises that many of these asteroids are large enough, at least 140 metres wide, to be classified as ‘city killers’ if they were to strike Earth. Such an impact could devastate a large urban area.

Invisible ‘city killer’ asteroids orbiting Venus could hit Earth without warning, scientists warn

Scientists have discovered that the moon is getting 1½ inches (3.8 centimetres) farther away from the Earth each year. The distance was measured by scientists after bouncing laser beams off mirrors placed there by spacecraft and astronauts to travel to the moon and back.&nbsp;The distance of the Moon changes over the course of a month as it revolves around the Earth. The moon's orbit is not a perfect circle and changes by about 12,400 miles (20,000 km) while orbiting the Earth. This change results in some full moons getting a bit bigger than others, which are called supermoons, according to a report in The Conversation.<h3>Why is the Moon getting farther away?</h3>Basically, the moon is getting farther away because of tides as it comes from a difference in gravity with the Earth. Moon's gravity force is about 4% stronger on the side of Earth when it faces toward it as compared to the opposite side of the Earth facing away, because with distance, gravity gets weaker.&nbsp;This tidal force causes the oceans to rotate into two bulges that point toward and away from the Moon. This happens because the gravitational force that the Moon pulls on the Earth is not an average force, but it is the same everywhere.&nbsp;The gravitational pull of the Moon is stronger on the side of Earth nearest to it, creating a water bulge facing the Moon. On the far side, where the pull is weaker, another bulge forms as water lags behind the rest of the planet.&nbsp;As Earth rotates, these bulges shift position but continue to align with the moon’s gravitational influence. In coastal cities such as New York and Los Angeles, this effect causes sea levels to rise and fall by roughly five feet.&nbsp;However, the bulges don’t line up perfectly with the moon. Because Earth spins, they are dragged slightly ahead. These forward-shifted bulges then tug back on the moon, not only pulling it inward toward Earth but also nudging it forward in its orbit, much like a car gaining a push of speed while rounding a curve.&nbsp;This forward pull from the closer tidal bulge results in the moon speeding up, causing the size of its orbit to increase. As a result, the bottom line of the gravity of the closer tidal bulge on the Earth pulls the moon forward, increasing the size of the moon's orbit. This led the moon to get slightly farther away from the Earth; however, this effect is negligible, which is only detectable on average over years.

The distance of the Moon changes over the course of a month as it revolves around the Earth. The moon's orbit is not a perfect circle and changes by about 12,400 miles (20,000 km) while orbiting the Earth. 

Scientists have discovered that the moon is getting 1½ inches (3.8 centimetres) farther away from the Earth each year. The distance was measured by scientists after bouncing laser beams off mirrors placed there by spacecraft and astronauts to travel to the moon and back. The distance of the Moon changes over the course of a month as it revolves around the Earth. The moon's orbit is not a perfect circle and changes by about 12,400 miles (20,000 km) while orbiting the Earth. This change results in some full moons getting a bit bigger than others, which are called supermoons, according to a report in The Conversation. Why is the Moon getting farther away? Basically, the moon is getting farther away because of tides as it comes from a difference in gravity with the Earth. Moon's gravity force is about 4% stronger on the side of Earth when it faces toward it as compared to the opposite side of the Earth facing away, because with distance, gravity gets weaker. This tidal force causes the oceans to rotate into two bulges that point toward and away from the Moon. This happens because the gravitational force that the Moon pulls on the Earth is not an average force, but it is the same everywhere. The gravitational pull of the Moon is stronger on the side of Earth nearest to it, creating a water bulge facing the Moon. On the far side, where the pull is weaker, another bulge forms as water lags behind the rest of the planet. As Earth rotates, these bulges shift position but continue to align with the moon’s gravitational influence. In coastal cities such as New York and Los Angeles, this effect causes sea levels to rise and fall by roughly five feet. However, the bulges don’t line up perfectly with the moon. Because Earth spins, they are dragged slightly ahead. These forward-shifted bulges then tug back on the moon, not only pulling it inward toward Earth but also nudging it forward in its orbit, much like a car gaining a push of speed while rounding a curve. This forward pull from the closer tidal bulge results in the moon speeding up, causing the size of its orbit to increase. As a result, the bottom line of the gravity of the closer tidal bulge on the Earth pulls the moon forward, increasing the size of the moon's orbit. This led the moon to get slightly farther away from the Earth; however, this effect is negligible, which is only detectable on average over years.

The distance of the Moon changes over the course of a month as it revolves around the Earth. The moon's orbit is not a perfect circle and changes by about 12,400 miles (20,000 km) while orbiting the Earth.&nbsp;

Moon drifting away from Earth? Scientists claim THIS is the reason behind strange phenomenon

Researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC) have unveiled the MycoToilet, the world's first mushroom-powered waterless toilet, at the UBC Botanical Garden in Vancouver, Canada. This innovative prototype transforms human waste into nutrient-rich compost using mycelium, the root networks of mushrooms, without the need for water, electricity, or chemicals. The design features a modern, sustainable structure that integrates seamlessly into natural environments, making it suitable for parks, remote communities, and areas lacking conventional plumbing. The MycoToilet exemplifies the fusion of scientific innovation and environmental sustainability. By leveraging fungi’s natural decomposition abilities, the system offers a circular approach to sanitation, turning what was once a waste problem into a resource for agriculture and soil improvement.<h3>How the MycoToilet Operates</h3>The MycoToilet employs a mycelium-based biocomposite system combined with thermophilic microbes to decompose human waste efficiently. Solid waste is directed into a compartment lined with mycelium, where fungi absorb odours and facilitate the breakdown of organic matter into compost. This process accelerates pathogen elimination and reduces decomposition time by approximately 50 per cent compared to traditional composting methods. "We wanted to turn a daily routine everyone knows into a pleasant experience that reminds us of our connection to ecological cycles," said the associate professor at UBC's school of architecture and landscape architecture (SALA) and project lead, Joseph Dahmen.&nbsp;The system also ensures hygiene and odour control. Lab tests suggest mycelium liners remove more than 90 per cent of odor-causing compounds. Liquid waste is separated and processed differently to prevent contamination, while the solid waste is gradually converted into safe, nutrient-rich fertilizer. The technology allows for continuous use without requiring extensive maintenance, electricity, or water, making it a practical option for both urban and remote settings.<h3>Implications for Global Sanitation</h3>The introduction of the MycoToilet addresses significant global sanitation challenges. Around 40 per cent of the world’s population lacks access to proper sanitation facilities, resulting in health risks, water pollution, and environmental degradation. By converting waste into compost, the MycoToilet not only provides a sustainable sanitation solution but also contributes to soil fertility, offering an alternative to chemical fertilizers.&nbsp;Beyond its environmental benefits, the MycoToilet presents opportunities for rural communities, ecotourism sites, and environmentally sensitive areas. It demonstrates how innovative approaches can simultaneously address human health, agricultural needs, and ecological conservation.&nbsp;

By leveraging fungi’s natural decomposition abilities, the system offers a circular approach to sanitation, turning what was once a waste problem into a resource for agriculture and soil improvement.

Researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC) have unveiled the MycoToilet, the world's first mushroom-powered waterless toilet, at the UBC Botanical Garden in Vancouver, Canada. This innovative prototype transforms human waste into nutrient-rich compost using mycelium, the root networks of mushrooms, without the need for water, electricity, or chemicals. The design features a modern, sustainable structure that integrates seamlessly into natural environments, making it suitable for parks, remote communities, and areas lacking conventional plumbing. The MycoToilet exemplifies the fusion of scientific innovation and environmental sustainability. By leveraging fungi’s natural decomposition abilities, the system offers a circular approach to sanitation, turning what was once a waste problem into a resource for agriculture and soil improvement. How the MycoToilet Operates The MycoToilet employs a mycelium-based biocomposite system combined with thermophilic microbes to decompose human waste efficiently. Solid waste is directed into a compartment lined with mycelium, where fungi absorb odours and facilitate the breakdown of organic matter into compost. This process accelerates pathogen elimination and reduces decomposition time by approximately 50 per cent compared to traditional composting methods. "We wanted to turn a daily routine everyone knows into a pleasant experience that reminds us of our connection to ecological cycles," said the associate professor at UBC's school of architecture and landscape architecture (SALA) and project lead, Joseph Dahmen. The system also ensures hygiene and odour control. Lab tests suggest mycelium liners remove more than 90 per cent of odor-causing compounds. Liquid waste is separated and processed differently to prevent contamination, while the solid waste is gradually converted into safe, nutrient-rich fertilizer. The technology allows for continuous use without requiring extensive maintenance, electricity, or water, making it a practical option for both urban and remote settings. Implications for Global Sanitation The introduction of the MycoToilet addresses significant global sanitation challenges. Around 40 per cent of the world’s population lacks access to proper sanitation facilities, resulting in health risks, water pollution, and environmental degradation. By converting waste into compost, the MycoToilet not only provides a sustainable sanitation solution but also contributes to soil fertility, offering an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Beyond its environmental benefits, the MycoToilet presents opportunities for rural communities, ecotourism sites, and environmentally sensitive areas. It demonstrates how innovative approaches can simultaneously address human health, agricultural needs, and ecological conservation.

By leveraging fungi’s natural decomposition abilities, the system offers a circular approach to sanitation, turning what was once a waste problem into a resource for agriculture and soil improvement.

Mushroom-powered toilet? This MycoToilet converts human waste into fertilizer without using a single drop of water!

Microplastics continue to be a menace to the environment and human health. Scientists have revealed that they have found traces of microplastics inside the bones as well. A meta-analysis carried out by a group of researchers reviewed currently available data on the impacts of microplastics on human bones. The meta-analysis showed that microplastics "were recently detected in human bone tissue." They have been a cause of concern for years as experts point to the various health hazards posed by them. Medical practitioners have previously flagged the ill effects of microplastics on human health. They are now also seen to be causing bone diseases. Rodrigo Bueno de Oliveira, one of the authors of the meta-analysis, said, "Although osteometabolic diseases are relatively well understood, there's a gap in our knowledge regarding the influence of microplastics on the development of these diseases." According to Science Daily, Oliveira has called for further investigation into the causal link between microplastics and bone disease.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/after-human-testicles-microplastics-discovered-in-human-penises-for-first-time-733810">After human testicles, microplastics discovered in human penises for first time</a>&nbsp;<h2>Microplastics can hinder red and white blood cell formation</h2>However, the little that we already know about microplastics and bone health has also raised huge concerns among doctors. Notably, microplastics are already known to affect cell viability, modify gene expression, and trigger inflammatory responses. If microplastics are indeed penetrating into human bones, then it is a major problem. Both bones and bone marrow play important roles in maintaining human and animal health. If microplastics enter these areas of our body, they could cause huge issues. Red and white blood cells and platelets form inside the bone marrow, and their blood-cell-creating functions are essential for survival. Authors of the meta-analysis state that they have evidence that shows microplastics can hinder the above functions.&nbsp;"Experimental animal studies indicated that MPs ingestion disturbs gut microbiota and reduces white blood cell counts, suggesting compromised bone marrow function," the authors wrote. The study has once again brought to light the ill effects of plastics and the scale at which they are entering everything on Earth. Data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources shows that over 500 million tons of plastic are produced every single year, and an estimated 22 million tons end up in the environment.

Microplastics have now been discovered inside human bones, causing yet another concern about plastic production and its presence in the environment. It has already entered the water, the human brain, testicles, penis and is even known to cause blockages. 

Microplastics continue to be a menace to the environment and human health. Scientists have revealed that they have found traces of microplastics inside the bones as well. A meta-analysis carried out by a group of researchers reviewed currently available data on the impacts of microplastics on human bones. The meta-analysis showed that microplastics "were recently detected in human bone tissue." They have been a cause of concern for years as experts point to the various health hazards posed by them. Medical practitioners have previously flagged the ill effects of microplastics on human health. They are now also seen to be causing bone diseases. Rodrigo Bueno de Oliveira, one of the authors of the meta-analysis, said, "Although osteometabolic diseases are relatively well understood, there's a gap in our knowledge regarding the influence of microplastics on the development of these diseases." According to Science Daily, Oliveira has called for further investigation into the causal link between microplastics and bone disease. Also Read: After human testicles, microplastics discovered in human penises for first time Microplastics can hinder red and white blood cell formation However, the little that we already know about microplastics and bone health has also raised huge concerns among doctors. Notably, microplastics are already known to affect cell viability, modify gene expression, and trigger inflammatory responses. If microplastics are indeed penetrating into human bones, then it is a major problem. Both bones and bone marrow play important roles in maintaining human and animal health. If microplastics enter these areas of our body, they could cause huge issues. Red and white blood cells and platelets form inside the bone marrow, and their blood-cell-creating functions are essential for survival. Authors of the meta-analysis state that they have evidence that shows microplastics can hinder the above functions. "Experimental animal studies indicated that MPs ingestion disturbs gut microbiota and reduces white blood cell counts, suggesting compromised bone marrow function," the authors wrote. The study has once again brought to light the ill effects of plastics and the scale at which they are entering everything on Earth. Data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources shows that over 500 million tons of plastic are produced every single year, and an estimated 22 million tons end up in the environment.

Microplastics have now been discovered inside human bones, causing yet another concern about plastic production and its presence in the environment. It has already entered the water, the human brain, testicles, penis and is even known to cause blockages.&nbsp;

Microplastics discovery deep inside human bones sends alarm bells ringing

&nbsp;Artificial intelligence is no longer confined to tasks and productivity, it is reshaping how people connect emotionally. A new study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has revealed that thousands are forming intimate, often accidental, relationships with chatbots, transforming digital tools into companions, confidants, and even partners. While many report reduced loneliness and improved mental health, others warn of dependency and blurred boundaries between reality and simulation. With lawsuits, policy debates, and corporate responses already underway, the findings raise urgent questions about what human intimacy looks like in an era of AI.&nbsp;The analysis from MIT Media Lab offers the first large-scale look at adults who form romantic or intimate bonds with chatbots, using 1,506 top posts from the Reddit community r/MyBoyfriendIsAI collected between December 2024 and August 2025. The study finds these relationships are neither rare nor always sought: many begin during routine, pragmatic interactions and deepen over time. The authors combined unsupervised thematic analysis with custom classifiers to map six dominant conversation themes and to measure concrete outcomes reported by users. The Reddit community that has been studied, has about 27,000 members; the sample captures the most engaged posts and therefore the most salient experiences shared publicly. The team deliberately treated posts as lived experience rather than an abstract technical problem, aiming to quantify both benefits (reduced loneliness, improved mood) and risks (dependency, dissociation).&nbsp;<h2>How these relationships begin and persist</h2> Contrary to expectation, most bonds did not start in dedicated companion apps: a significant number of posts named general-purpose LLMs such as ChatGPT, while purpose-built platforms like Replika accounted for only a small share. Many users describe an organic arc, from help with a task to personal disclosure to sustained emotional attachment, &nbsp;a trajectory the researchers call ‘accidental intimacy.’ &nbsp;The paper also documents behavioural strategies, prompt-writing, backup prompts and rituals, to preserve continuity across model updates, and reports that software changes can cause grief comparable to break-ups. Quantitatively, 25.4 per cent of analysed posts described clear net benefits (for example, reduced loneliness), while 3.0 per cent described net harm. Other recorded concerns included emotional dependency (9.5 per cent), reality dissociation (4.6 per cent), avoidance of real-world relationships (4.3 per cent) and, in a small number of cases, suicidal ideation (1.7 per cent). The authors stress selection biases and the limits of forum data, but say the pattern is clear: AI companionship can be both a lifeline and a source of risk, often for the same people.&nbsp;<h2>Policy and corporate responses</h2> The debate is already moving into courts and product roadmaps. Families have filed lawsuits alleging that conversational AI contributed to teen suicides, and regulators and firms are responding: OpenAI has described plans for age-aware experiences and parental controls for under-18 users. Policymakers and designers face a tension the researchers highlight , protect vulnerable users without dismissing adults’ autonomy to form meaningful connections.

The study finds these relationships are neither rare nor always sought: many begin during routine, pragmatic interactions and deepen over time. 

Artificial intelligence is no longer confined to tasks and productivity, it is reshaping how people connect emotionally. A new study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has revealed that thousands are forming intimate, often accidental, relationships with chatbots, transforming digital tools into companions, confidants, and even partners. While many report reduced loneliness and improved mental health, others warn of dependency and blurred boundaries between reality and simulation. With lawsuits, policy debates, and corporate responses already underway, the findings raise urgent questions about what human intimacy looks like in an era of AI. The analysis from MIT Media Lab offers the first large-scale look at adults who form romantic or intimate bonds with chatbots, using 1,506 top posts from the Reddit community r/MyBoyfriendIsAI collected between December 2024 and August 2025. The study finds these relationships are neither rare nor always sought: many begin during routine, pragmatic interactions and deepen over time. The authors combined unsupervised thematic analysis with custom classifiers to map six dominant conversation themes and to measure concrete outcomes reported by users. The Reddit community that has been studied, has about 27,000 members; the sample captures the most engaged posts and therefore the most salient experiences shared publicly. The team deliberately treated posts as lived experience rather than an abstract technical problem, aiming to quantify both benefits (reduced loneliness, improved mood) and risks (dependency, dissociation). How these relationships begin and persist Contrary to expectation, most bonds did not start in dedicated companion apps: a significant number of posts named general-purpose LLMs such as ChatGPT, while purpose-built platforms like Replika accounted for only a small share. Many users describe an organic arc, from help with a task to personal disclosure to sustained emotional attachment, a trajectory the researchers call ‘accidental intimacy.’ The paper also documents behavioural strategies, prompt-writing, backup prompts and rituals, to preserve continuity across model updates, and reports that software changes can cause grief comparable to break-ups. Quantitatively, 25.4 per cent of analysed posts described clear net benefits (for example, reduced loneliness), while 3.0 per cent described net harm. Other recorded concerns included emotional dependency (9.5 per cent), reality dissociation (4.6 per cent), avoidance of real-world relationships (4.3 per cent) and, in a small number of cases, suicidal ideation (1.7 per cent). The authors stress selection biases and the limits of forum data, but say the pattern is clear: AI companionship can be both a lifeline and a source of risk, often for the same people. Policy and corporate responses The debate is already moving into courts and product roadmaps. Families have filed lawsuits alleging that conversational AI contributed to teen suicides, and regulators and firms are responding: OpenAI has described plans for age-aware experiences and parental controls for under-18 users. Policymakers and designers face a tension the researchers highlight , protect vulnerable users without dismissing adults’ autonomy to form meaningful connections.

The study finds these relationships are neither rare nor always sought: many begin during routine, pragmatic interactions and deepen over time.&nbsp;

From chats to 'I do': New study reveals how thousands accidentally fall in love with AI chatbots

Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas is fast zooming towards the Sun. Meanwhile, our star is waking up and becoming active. The Sun will soon be raging in its current solar cycle and will release a coronal mass ejection (CME), which is expected to collide with 3I/Atlas. Will the whiplash affect the comet in any way? Scientists are intrigued to see if it does. This interstellar visitor is the third one after ‘Oumuamua and Comet Borisov. Its trajectory shows that it is coming from outside our solar system, has a dusty coma and now also has a tail after weeks of absence. Latest data on its motion gathered by the Minor Planet Centre, the International Astronomical Union, shows that 3I/Atlas has a nucleus that runs for over 5.6 kilometres. It is also quite large, and supposedly has a mass of over 33 billion tons. Harvard scientist Avi Loeb says that's an anomaly for a comet. If it were a naturally occurring space rock, then its size suggests that we should have found a hundred thousand interstellar objects smaller than it before stumbling upon 3I/Atlas.&nbsp;Coming back to the Sun, the comet is expected to bear the brunt. Spaceweather.com reported, citing a new NASA forecast model, that a CME will collide with interstellar comet 3I/Atlas on 25 September 2025, one day up or down. This sets the stage for the first-of-its-kind event as a CME is being released right when only the third interstellar comet is passing through the solar system. When the two smash into each other, the results could be fascinating. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/3i-atlas-anomalies-its-mass-is-likely-bigger-than-33-billion-tons-too-large-to-be-a-comet-1758857250208">3I/Atlas anomalies: Its mass is likely bigger than 33 billion tons, too large to be a comet</a><h2>What happened when solar plasma slammed a comet?</h2>Solar plasma has slammed into a comet in the past. On April 20, 2007, Comet Encke collided with a CME, and NASA's STEREO A spacecraft saw it happening. At that time, the CME disturbed the magnetic field around the comet, and its tail broke off. However, it was back within minutes. 3I/Atlas might also have its tail yanked off. Could the CME also change its trajectory? NASA doesn't think that the comet's path will be altered by the solar plasma. But a CME collision with the interstellar comet might not be caught by any of the telescopes, as 3I/Atlas will soon go behind the Sun. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/latest-update-on-3i-atlas-interstellar-comet-is-getting-brighter-1758273179867">Latest update on 3I/ATLAS: Interstellar comet is getting brighter</a>&nbsp;Travelling at a speed of 221,000 km/hr, the alien comet will soon come near Mars. On October 3, it will be at a short distance from the red planet, and this is when several of humanity's Mars missions might get to take a good look at &nbsp;3I/Atlas. The CaSSIS camera onboard ESA’s Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) and the Mars Express’s High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) are all geared up to snap pictures of this alien visitor when it flies by Mars.

3I/Atlas could come face-to-face with our Sun's might pretty soon. The Sun could spit a huge amount of coronal mass ejection (CME) soon, which could crash into the comet. Will it kill 3I/Atlas? Or, could its trajectory change?

Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas is fast zooming towards the Sun. Meanwhile, our star is waking up and becoming active. The Sun will soon be raging in its current solar cycle and will release a coronal mass ejection (CME), which is expected to collide with 3I/Atlas. Will the whiplash affect the comet in any way? Scientists are intrigued to see if it does. This interstellar visitor is the third one after ‘Oumuamua and Comet Borisov. Its trajectory shows that it is coming from outside our solar system, has a dusty coma and now also has a tail after weeks of absence. Latest data on its motion gathered by the Minor Planet Centre, the International Astronomical Union, shows that 3I/Atlas has a nucleus that runs for over 5.6 kilometres. It is also quite large, and supposedly has a mass of over 33 billion tons. Harvard scientist Avi Loeb says that's an anomaly for a comet. If it were a naturally occurring space rock, then its size suggests that we should have found a hundred thousand interstellar objects smaller than it before stumbling upon 3I/Atlas. Coming back to the Sun, the comet is expected to bear the brunt. Spaceweather.com reported, citing a new NASA forecast model, that a CME will collide with interstellar comet 3I/Atlas on 25 September 2025, one day up or down. This sets the stage for the first-of-its-kind event as a CME is being released right when only the third interstellar comet is passing through the solar system. When the two smash into each other, the results could be fascinating. Also Read: 3I/Atlas anomalies: Its mass is likely bigger than 33 billion tons, too large to be a comet What happened when solar plasma slammed a comet? Solar plasma has slammed into a comet in the past. On April 20, 2007, Comet Encke collided with a CME, and NASA's STEREO A spacecraft saw it happening. At that time, the CME disturbed the magnetic field around the comet, and its tail broke off. However, it was back within minutes. 3I/Atlas might also have its tail yanked off. Could the CME also change its trajectory? NASA doesn't think that the comet's path will be altered by the solar plasma. But a CME collision with the interstellar comet might not be caught by any of the telescopes, as 3I/Atlas will soon go behind the Sun. Also Read: Latest update on 3I/ATLAS: Interstellar comet is getting brighter Travelling at a speed of 221,000 km/hr, the alien comet will soon come near Mars. On October 3, it will be at a short distance from the red planet, and this is when several of humanity's Mars missions might get to take a good look at 3I/Atlas. The CaSSIS camera onboard ESA’s Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) and the Mars Express’s High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) are all geared up to snap pictures of this alien visitor when it flies by Mars.

3I/Atlas could come face-to-face with our Sun's might pretty soon. The Sun could spit a huge amount of coronal mass ejection (CME) soon, which could crash into the comet. Will it kill 3I/Atlas? Or, could its trajectory change?

Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas could soon lose its tail following a beating by our Sun

Humans are much older than earlier estimates, an analysis of a skull fossil in China has shown. Previous studies have suggested that humans first appeared in Africa 600,000 years ago, but the latest finding changes all that and pushes our origins back by 400,000 years. The Chinese skull Yunxian 2 was previously classified as being from the primitive human species Homo erectus. This species was a direct ancestor of modern humans and the first to walk fully upright. It is also believed to be the first human species to have left Africa. The fossilised cranium was found badly crushed in Hubei, China, in 1990. Homo erectus has long been seen as a direct ancestor of modern humans. Prof Chris Stringer, an anthropologist and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London, led the study as his team reanalysed the skull. They created a model of the skull using CT scanning, light imaging and virtual reconstruction techniques. Small anatomical elements were also incorporated from Yunxian 1, another crushed fossil found at the site in 1989.<h2>Earliest humans were 'Dragon Man' and not Homo Erectus</h2>It showed that the skull likely belongs to a group called Homo longi (dragon man), a species closely linked to Denisovans and that lived alongside our own ancestors. This makes the fossil the closest ever found linked to the split between modern humans and our closest relatives, the Neanderthals and Denisovans. Study author Chris Stringer, an anthropologist and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London, said, "This changes a lot of thinking because it suggests that by one million years ago our ancestors had already split into distinct groups, pointing to a much earlier and more complex human evolutionary split than previously believed. It more or less doubles the time of origin of Homo sapiens." Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/human-hunt-for-intelligent-alien-life-could-help-us-outlive-all-the-stars-scientist-says-1758531158090">Humans can survive cosmic winter by befriending super intelligent aliens, scientist says</a>&nbsp;The reconstruction of the Yunxian 2 skull showed that it had primitive traits similar to Homo erectus, including a large, squat braincase, a strong brow ridge, and a more projecting lower face. But the features in the face and rear of the braincase, and a larger brain capacity, closely resemble Homo longi ('Dragon Man') and Homo sapiens. This showed that Yunxian 2 is not a Homo erectus, but is an early member of the lineage with Homo longi and several other Chinese fossils being a part of it. Springer says that this discovery points to the possibility that our common ancestor, and maybe even the first Homo sapiens, lived in western Asia rather than Africa.

A new discovery in China has challenged a decades-old belief about the evolution of humans. Earliest humans were thought to have originated 600,000 years ago in Africa. But we are way older, probably a million years old.

Humans are much older than earlier estimates, an analysis of a skull fossil in China has shown. Previous studies have suggested that humans first appeared in Africa 600,000 years ago, but the latest finding changes all that and pushes our origins back by 400,000 years. The Chinese skull Yunxian 2 was previously classified as being from the primitive human species Homo erectus. This species was a direct ancestor of modern humans and the first to walk fully upright. It is also believed to be the first human species to have left Africa. The fossilised cranium was found badly crushed in Hubei, China, in 1990. Homo erectus has long been seen as a direct ancestor of modern humans. Prof Chris Stringer, an anthropologist and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London, led the study as his team reanalysed the skull. They created a model of the skull using CT scanning, light imaging and virtual reconstruction techniques. Small anatomical elements were also incorporated from Yunxian 1, another crushed fossil found at the site in 1989. Earliest humans were 'Dragon Man' and not Homo Erectus It showed that the skull likely belongs to a group called Homo longi (dragon man), a species closely linked to Denisovans and that lived alongside our own ancestors. This makes the fossil the closest ever found linked to the split between modern humans and our closest relatives, the Neanderthals and Denisovans. Study author Chris Stringer, an anthropologist and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London, said, "This changes a lot of thinking because it suggests that by one million years ago our ancestors had already split into distinct groups, pointing to a much earlier and more complex human evolutionary split than previously believed. It more or less doubles the time of origin of Homo sapiens." Also Read: Humans can survive cosmic winter by befriending super intelligent aliens, scientist says The reconstruction of the Yunxian 2 skull showed that it had primitive traits similar to Homo erectus, including a large, squat braincase, a strong brow ridge, and a more projecting lower face. But the features in the face and rear of the braincase, and a larger brain capacity, closely resemble Homo longi ('Dragon Man') and Homo sapiens. This showed that Yunxian 2 is not a Homo erectus, but is an early member of the lineage with Homo longi and several other Chinese fossils being a part of it. Springer says that this discovery points to the possibility that our common ancestor, and maybe even the first Homo sapiens, lived in western Asia rather than Africa.

A new discovery in China has challenged a decades-old belief about the evolution of humans. Earliest humans were thought to have originated 600,000 years ago in Africa. But we are way older, probably a million years old.

Humans are a million years old, lived in Asia and belong to 'Dragon Man', Chinese skull analysis shows

China President Xi Jinping announced in a high-level climate summit on Wednesday (Sept 24) that China will cut carbon emissions by 7-10 per cent by 2035. Currently, China is the world’s largest carbon-polluting nation. While announcing the goal, Xi also said that China plans to increase its installed capacity of wind and solar power within the next 10 years.&nbsp;He added that the installed capacity of wind and solar power will be more than six times. In addition, China has also decided to bolster non-fossil fuels' share in domestic energy consumption to over 30 per cent, according to a report by Al Jazeera.&nbsp;In the meantime, Xi urged all the developed countries to take the lead in advancing stronger climate measures, indirectly pointing at the United States for moving away from the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate.&nbsp;“Green and low-carbon transformation is the trend of our times. Despite some countries going against the trend, the international community should stay on the right track, maintain unwavering confidence, unwavering action, and undiminished efforts,” Xi said, calling for increased global climate cooperation.&nbsp;Meanwhile, the US President Donald Trump on Tuesday dismissed climate change as a 'con job' and criticised both the European Union and China for investing heavily in renewable energy. Even after decades of debate, climate change is worsening, global temperatures are edging closer to dangerous tipping points, while greenhouse gas emissions continue to climb at record levels.<h3>List of the most polluting countries worldwide till 2023</h3>According to data in <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/270499/co2-emissions-in-selected-countries/?srsltid=AfmBOopbJW_g5JbLsm4CFNaaxSvY6dyMjcKrA56Yqas9dmfFL6Shrswt">Statista</a>, China was the largest carbon polluter in the world in 2023, having released 11.9 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO₂). After China, the US was the second-biggest emitter, with 4.9 GtCO₂ in 2023; however, since 2010, its CO₂ emissions had declined by 13 per cent. Whereas the CO₂ emissions of China have increased by more than 38 per cent in the same period.

<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td>S. No</td><td>Countries</td><td>Emissions Rate (GtCO₂)</td></tr><tr><td>1.</td><td>China</td><td>11.9 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>US&nbsp;</td><td>4.9 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td>India&nbsp;</td><td>3 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>4.</td><td>Russia</td><td>1.8 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>5.</td><td>Japan</td><td>0.988 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>6.</td><td>Iran</td><td>0.817 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>7.</td><td>Saudi Arabia</td><td>0.736 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>8.</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>0.733 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>9.</td><td>Germany&nbsp;</td><td>0.596 billion metric tons</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>South Korea</td><td>0.577 billion metric tons</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

Even after decades, climate change is worsening, global temperatures are edging closer to dangerous tipping points, while greenhouse gas emissions continue to climb at record levels. Let's find out the top 10 carbon emitter countries in the world.

China President Xi Jinping announced in a high-level climate summit on Wednesday (Sept 24) that China will cut carbon emissions by 7-10 per cent by 2035. Currently, China is the world’s largest carbon-polluting nation. While announcing the goal, Xi also said that China plans to increase its installed capacity of wind and solar power within the next 10 years. He added that the installed capacity of wind and solar power will be more than six times. In addition, China has also decided to bolster non-fossil fuels' share in domestic energy consumption to over 30 per cent, according to a report by Al Jazeera. In the meantime, Xi urged all the developed countries to take the lead in advancing stronger climate measures, indirectly pointing at the United States for moving away from the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate. “Green and low-carbon transformation is the trend of our times. Despite some countries going against the trend, the international community should stay on the right track, maintain unwavering confidence, unwavering action, and undiminished efforts,” Xi said, calling for increased global climate cooperation. Meanwhile, the US President Donald Trump on Tuesday dismissed climate change as a 'con job' and criticised both the European Union and China for investing heavily in renewable energy. Even after decades of debate, climate change is worsening, global temperatures are edging closer to dangerous tipping points, while greenhouse gas emissions continue to climb at record levels. List of the most polluting countries worldwide till 2023 According to data in Statista, China was the largest carbon polluter in the world in 2023, having released 11.9 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO₂). After China, the US was the second-biggest emitter, with 4.9 GtCO₂ in 2023; however, since 2010, its CO₂ emissions had declined by 13 per cent. Whereas the CO₂ emissions of China have increased by more than 38 per cent in the same period.

Even after decades, climate change is worsening, global temperatures are edging closer to dangerous tipping points, while greenhouse gas emissions continue to climb at record levels. Let's find out the top 10 carbon emitter countries in the world.

Highest carbon emissions by country: China ranks first, who else make the List? — Details inside

&nbsp;NASA's Artemis II mission is poised to make history as the first crewed lunar mission in over five decades. Scheduled for launch no earlier than February 5, 2026, from Kennedy Space Center, this 10-day journey will send four astronauts on a trajectory around the Moon, marking humanity's return to lunar proximity since Apollo 17 in 1972.<h3>The Crew and Their Mission</h3>&nbsp;The Artemis II crew comprises NASA astronauts Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, and Mission Specialist Christina Koch, alongside Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen. Together, they will embark on a free-return trajectory around the Moon, reaching over 9,200 kilometers beyond its surface before returning to Earth.&nbsp;This mission serves as a critical step in NASA's Artemis program, testing the Orion spacecraft's systems and the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket in deep space conditions. While Artemis II will not land on the Moon, it sets the stage for Artemis III, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface.<h3>Training for Deep Space Exploration</h3>The Artemis II astronauts have undergone rigorous training to prepare for the challenges of deep space exploration. Their preparation includes simulations of various mission scenarios, ensuring they are equipped to handle the complexities of the mission. Canadian Mission Commander of Artemis II, Reid Wiseman emphasised the team's readiness, stating, “We’re going to launch when this vehicle is ready, when this team is ready, and we’re going to execute this mission to the best of our abilities.”<h3>The Capsule 'Integrity'</h3>&nbsp;&nbsp;A defining feature of the mission is the Orion spacecraft itself, which the crew has named Integrity, the name was unveiled by Commander Reid Wiseman. Announced during a press conference in September 2025, the name reflects the values the astronauts and mission team uphold: trust, respect, candour, and humility. It honours the thousands of engineers, technicians, planners, and scientists worldwide who have contributed to making Artemis II possible.&nbsp;The name also symbolises the spirit of collaboration behind the mission. From the more than 3,00,000 individual spacecraft components to the international teamwork spanning NASA and the Canadian Space Agency, Integrity embodies the collective effort required to venture to the Moon and safely return. For the crew, it is a daily reminder of the responsibility, dedication, and professionalism that defines their mission.

The launch window includes several five-day periods in February, March, and April, with 26 April as the final possible date. While Artemis II will not land on the Moon, it sets the stage for Artemis III, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface.

NASA's Artemis II mission is poised to make history as the first crewed lunar mission in over five decades. Scheduled for launch no earlier than February 5, 2026, from Kennedy Space Center, this 10-day journey will send four astronauts on a trajectory around the Moon, marking humanity's return to lunar proximity since Apollo 17 in 1972. The Crew and Their Mission The Artemis II crew comprises NASA astronauts Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, and Mission Specialist Christina Koch, alongside Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen. Together, they will embark on a free-return trajectory around the Moon, reaching over 9,200 kilometers beyond its surface before returning to Earth. This mission serves as a critical step in NASA's Artemis program, testing the Orion spacecraft's systems and the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket in deep space conditions. While Artemis II will not land on the Moon, it sets the stage for Artemis III, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface. Training for Deep Space Exploration The Artemis II astronauts have undergone rigorous training to prepare for the challenges of deep space exploration. Their preparation includes simulations of various mission scenarios, ensuring they are equipped to handle the complexities of the mission. Canadian Mission Commander of Artemis II, Reid Wiseman emphasised the team's readiness, stating, “We’re going to launch when this vehicle is ready, when this team is ready, and we’re going to execute this mission to the best of our abilities.” The Capsule 'Integrity' A defining feature of the mission is the Orion spacecraft itself, which the crew has named Integrity, the name was unveiled by Commander Reid Wiseman. Announced during a press conference in September 2025, the name reflects the values the astronauts and mission team uphold: trust, respect, candour, and humility. It honours the thousands of engineers, technicians, planners, and scientists worldwide who have contributed to making Artemis II possible. The name also symbolises the spirit of collaboration behind the mission. From the more than 3,00,000 individual spacecraft components to the international teamwork spanning NASA and the Canadian Space Agency, Integrity embodies the collective effort required to venture to the Moon and safely return. For the crew, it is a daily reminder of the responsibility, dedication, and professionalism that defines their mission.

The launch window includes several five-day periods in February, March, and April, with 26 April as the final possible date. While Artemis II will not land on the Moon, it sets the stage for Artemis III, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface.

Inside NASA's Artemis II: Four astronauts, rigorous training and the Orion spacecraft named ‘Integrity’

In a significant development, India has successfully test-fired the Intermediate Range ‘Agni-Prime Missile’ from a rail-based Mobile launcher system on Thursday in a joint collaboration of DRDO and the Strategic Forces Command (SFC). The next-generation missile is equipped with several advanced features and is designed to cover a range of up to 2000 km.<h3>What is the rail-based mobile launcher system?</h3>It is a missile launch platform fitted onto specially modified rail wagons, enabling the weapon to be moved across the railway network for stealthy, flexible deployment under operational conditions. The launch vehicle is self-sustained with its own communication, power, and protection systems, allowing rapid reaction launches with reduced visibility.&nbsp;The launch system also features a canisterised missile setup, advanced communication systems, and rapid deployment capability. This kind of launcher places India among a select few nations developing or possessing rail-based missile deployment capability.<h3>What does this launcher system mean for the Indian military?</h3>According to a report by NDTV, the Indian military can now launch the Agni Prime missile (and other suitable projectiles) from the countryside or remotest areas, even without road support. The only requirement is access to a railway line. With nearly 70,000 kilometres of track as of March last year, India possesses the world’s fourth-largest railway network.&nbsp;The rail-based missile launcher offers more than wider launch points. It also means the military can move these missiles discreetly and hidden from enemy satellites in train tunnels. This system can also offer an increased number of storage facilities amid times of war, when enemies attempt to target military bases where the missiles might normally be stored.&nbsp;The rail-based Mobile launcher system and launch of a missile is part of push for self-reliance in its Defence capabilities of India which has been envisioned by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's push for ‘Aatmanirbharta' in every sphere.&nbsp;Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-india-test-fire-agni-prime-missile-from-rail-based-launcher-defence-minister-calls-it-first-of-its-kind-1758776763675">WATCH: India test-fire 'Agni-Prime Missile' from rail-based launcher, Defence Minister calls it 'First-of-Its-Kind'</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;

 The launch vehicle is self-sustained with its own communication, power, and protection systems, allowing rapid reaction launches with reduced visibility. It also features a canisterised missile setup, advanced communication systems, and rapid deployment capability. 

In a significant development, India has successfully test-fired the Intermediate Range ‘Agni-Prime Missile’ from a rail-based Mobile launcher system on Thursday in a joint collaboration of DRDO and the Strategic Forces Command (SFC). The next-generation missile is equipped with several advanced features and is designed to cover a range of up to 2000 km. What is the rail-based mobile launcher system? It is a missile launch platform fitted onto specially modified rail wagons, enabling the weapon to be moved across the railway network for stealthy, flexible deployment under operational conditions. The launch vehicle is self-sustained with its own communication, power, and protection systems, allowing rapid reaction launches with reduced visibility. The launch system also features a canisterised missile setup, advanced communication systems, and rapid deployment capability. This kind of launcher places India among a select few nations developing or possessing rail-based missile deployment capability. What does this launcher system mean for the Indian military? According to a report by NDTV, the Indian military can now launch the Agni Prime missile (and other suitable projectiles) from the countryside or remotest areas, even without road support. The only requirement is access to a railway line. With nearly 70,000 kilometres of track as of March last year, India possesses the world’s fourth-largest railway network. The rail-based missile launcher offers more than wider launch points. It also means the military can move these missiles discreetly and hidden from enemy satellites in train tunnels. This system can also offer an increased number of storage facilities amid times of war, when enemies attempt to target military bases where the missiles might normally be stored. The rail-based Mobile launcher system and launch of a missile is part of push for self-reliance in its Defence capabilities of India which has been envisioned by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's push for ‘Aatmanirbharta' in every sphere. Also read: WATCH: India test-fire 'Agni-Prime Missile' from rail-based launcher, Defence Minister calls it 'First-of-Its-Kind'

The launch vehicle is self-sustained with its own communication, power, and protection systems, allowing rapid reaction launches with reduced visibility. It also features a canisterised missile setup, advanced communication systems, and rapid deployment capability.&nbsp;

What is rail based mobile launcher system? India's 'Agni-Prime Missile' with 2,000 km range fired from train

A team from IIT Bombay is making progress in building a pair of scientific-use satellites that can help track and unravel some interesting high-energy phenomenon in our universe. Titled Daksha, the proposed space mission could help better humanity's understanding of Exploding Stars, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Solar flares, High-altitude lightning, among others. The data that would be generated from this future mission would enhance research in Astrophysics, Solar studies, Atmospheric sciences.Exploding stars or Supernovae refer to massive explosions that mark the death of a star. Gamma-Ray Bursts are the most energetic explosions known in the universe and they release intense gamma radiation, it could be caused by the collapse of a massive star. Gamma-Ray Bursts emit more energy in a few seconds than the Sun in its entire life, and such phenomenon could affect life on Earth if it occurred nearby. Such varied explosions also created all the heavy elements like gold and uranium in the universe.Solar flares are a sudden burst of energy from the Sun's surface. These high-energy particles travel at very high speeds and have the potential to disrupt satellite communications, GPS, space missions, astronaut missions etc. High-altitude lightning is unlike conventional lightning, and it takes place in earth's upper atmosphere and the region near space.According to Dr. Varun Bhalerao, an astrophysicist at IIT Bombay, Daksha is meant to study all the above phenomenon and offer a wide-angle view of space. He explained that existing space telescopes operated by foreign space agencies have a zoomed in view of a certain region in space, but Daksha can offer a wide view and more coverage.Outlining the journey so far, Dr. Varun says, "back in 2018, Indian space agency ISRO invited Indian scientists and academia to propose space telescope ideas, and ours happened to be ranked highly, which got us some seed funding for creating a proof of concept". With that, we made detectors and sensors with the right kind of sensitivity, and now we are waiting for further steps such as approvals from ISRO and the Indian cabinet, the country's apex decision-making body, he told WION.Elaborating on the payloads or scientific equipment that would be mounted on the twin Daksha satellite, Dr. Varun said that each satellite would carry a 150kg science payload that would be developed by his team, and the satellite structure, solar panels, other standard components would be provided by ISRO.He emphasized that the twin Daksha satellites could continuously look out for any high-energy activity that is occurring in our Universe, and the payloads are sensitive enough to capture activity that is billions of light years away. "In terms of volumetric coverage, India's Daksha will be 5 times better than the NASA-ESA Fermi satellite, and 13 times better than NASA's SWIFT satellite. This means, even if a specific type of explosion or high-energy event in space is far away or too faint to be captured, we can capture it because of our equipment sensitivity and wide field of view, as opposed to the zoomed in view of other space telescopes," Dr. Varun explained to WION.

Gamma-Ray Bursts are the most energetic explosions known in the universe and they release intense gamma radiation, it could be caused by the collapse of a massive star. 

A team from IIT Bombay is making progress in building a pair of scientific-use satellites that can help track and unravel some interesting high-energy phenomenon in our universe. Titled Daksha, the proposed space mission could help better humanity's understanding of Exploding Stars, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Solar flares, High-altitude lightning, among others. The data that would be generated from this future mission would enhance research in Astrophysics, Solar studies, Atmospheric sciences. Exploding stars or Supernovae refer to massive explosions that mark the death of a star. Gamma-Ray Bursts are the most energetic explosions known in the universe and they release intense gamma radiation, it could be caused by the collapse of a massive star. Gamma-Ray Bursts emit more energy in a few seconds than the Sun in its entire life, and such phenomenon could affect life on Earth if it occurred nearby. Such varied explosions also created all the heavy elements like gold and uranium in the universe. Solar flares are a sudden burst of energy from the Sun's surface. These high-energy particles travel at very high speeds and have the potential to disrupt satellite communications, GPS, space missions, astronaut missions etc. High-altitude lightning is unlike conventional lightning, and it takes place in earth's upper atmosphere and the region near space. According to Dr. Varun Bhalerao, an astrophysicist at IIT Bombay, Daksha is meant to study all the above phenomenon and offer a wide-angle view of space. He explained that existing space telescopes operated by foreign space agencies have a zoomed in view of a certain region in space, but Daksha can offer a wide view and more coverage. Outlining the journey so far, Dr. Varun says, "back in 2018, Indian space agency ISRO invited Indian scientists and academia to propose space telescope ideas, and ours happened to be ranked highly, which got us some seed funding for creating a proof of concept". With that, we made detectors and sensors with the right kind of sensitivity, and now we are waiting for further steps such as approvals from ISRO and the Indian cabinet, the country's apex decision-making body, he told WION. Elaborating on the payloads or scientific equipment that would be mounted on the twin Daksha satellite, Dr. Varun said that each satellite would carry a 150kg science payload that would be developed by his team, and the satellite structure, solar panels, other standard components would be provided by ISRO. He emphasized that the twin Daksha satellites could continuously look out for any high-energy activity that is occurring in our Universe, and the payloads are sensitive enough to capture activity that is billions of light years away. "In terms of volumetric coverage, India's Daksha will be 5 times better than the NASA-ESA Fermi satellite, and 13 times better than NASA's SWIFT satellite. This means, even if a specific type of explosion or high-energy event in space is far away or too faint to be captured, we can capture it because of our equipment sensitivity and wide field of view, as opposed to the zoomed in view of other space telescopes," Dr. Varun explained to WION.

Gamma-Ray Bursts are the most energetic explosions known in the universe and they release intense gamma radiation, it could be caused by the collapse of a massive star.&nbsp;

IIT Bombay's Daksha satellites to unravel mysteries of the Universe

India has successfully conducted a test of the Intermediate Range ‘Agni-Prime Missile’ from a rail-based Mobile launcher system on Thursday. The project was launched in a collaboration between DRDO and the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) under a full operational scenario on September 24, 2025. Equipped with several advanced features, the next-generation missile is designed to cover a range of up to 2000 km.&nbsp;The first-of-its-kind launch was successfully executed using a specially developed rail-based mobile launcher that can operate seamlessly on the railway network without any preconditions. This system offers cross-country mobility and can initiate a launch within minimal reaction time while maintaining reduced visibility. The launcher is fully autonomous, equipped with advanced communication systems, independent launch capabilities and protective features.<h3>Defence minister calls it ‘first-of-its-kind launch’</h3>Defence minister Rajnath Singh confirmed the successful test in a statement on his social media platform X, calling it a "first-of-its-kind launch" that highlights the growing strategic capabilities of India.

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-media-max-width="560">India has carried out the successful launch of Intermediate Range Agni-Prime Missile from a Rail based Mobile launcher system. This next generation missile is designed to cover a range up to 2000 km and is equipped with various advanced features. The first-of-its-kind launch… <a href="https://t.co/00GpGSNOeE">pic.twitter.com/00GpGSNOeE</a>&mdash; Rajnath Singh (@rajnathsingh) <a href="https://twitter.com/rajnathsingh/status/1971051269692494275?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 25, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

“The first-of-its-kind launch carried out today from a specially designed rail-based Mobile Launcher has the capability to move on the Rail network without any preconditions, which allows users to have cross-country mobility and launch within a short reaction time with reduced visibility,” he said.&nbsp;"Congratulations to DRDO, Strategic Forces Command (SFC) and the Armed Forces on the successful test of the Intermediate Range Agni-Prime missile. This successful flight test has put India in the group of select nations having capabilities that have developed a canisterised launch system from a mobile rail network," he added.&nbsp;Meanwhile, the Road Mobile Agni-P has entered service after a series of successful flight trials. And this test followed the successful launch of the missile in August at Chandipur, Odisha. In addition, a trial of Agni-5 was conducted under ‘Mission Divyastra’ in March 2024, showcasing MIRV (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle) capability.

The next-generation missile designed to cover a range of up to 2000 km was successfully launched under joint collaboration of the DRDO and the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) using a specially developed rail-based mobile launcher.

India has successfully conducted a test of the Intermediate Range ‘Agni-Prime Missile’ from a rail-based Mobile launcher system on Thursday. The project was launched in a collaboration between DRDO and the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) under a full operational scenario on September 24, 2025. Equipped with several advanced features, the next-generation missile is designed to cover a range of up to 2000 km. The first-of-its-kind launch was successfully executed using a specially developed rail-based mobile launcher that can operate seamlessly on the railway network without any preconditions. This system offers cross-country mobility and can initiate a launch within minimal reaction time while maintaining reduced visibility. The launcher is fully autonomous, equipped with advanced communication systems, independent launch capabilities and protective features. Defence minister calls it ‘first-of-its-kind launch’ Defence minister Rajnath Singh confirmed the successful test in a statement on his social media platform X, calling it a "first-of-its-kind launch" that highlights the growing strategic capabilities of India.

The next-generation missile designed to cover a range of up to 2000 km was successfully launched under joint collaboration of the DRDO and the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) using a specially developed rail-based mobile launcher.

WATCH: India test-fire 'Agni-Prime Missile' from rail-based launcher, Defence Minister calls it 'First-of-Its-Kind'

For the first time, doctors have successfully slowed the progression of Huntington's disease by 75%, offering hope to patients and their families. Huntington’s disease, a cruel genetic disorder that typically causes fatal neurological decline within two decades, has seen its progression dramatically slowed in a trial using innovative gene therapy. Professor Sarah Tabrizi, leading the research at University College London, called the results "spectacular," as data reveals that the progression of the disease is now slowed by 75%, meaning patients could live for decades with a much higher quality of life. Instead of deteriorating over one year, the disease now progresses at a rate that would typically take four years.&nbsp;The therapy, which involves complex brain surgery lasting up to 18 hours, uses cutting-edge gene-editing technology to slow the production of the toxic huntingtin protein that destroys brain cells. This is done by delivering a specially designed DNA sequence deep into the brain to suppress the harmful protein. The surgery is guided in real-time using MRI to target critical areas of the brain.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/solar-micronova-could-cook-us-earth-faces-mass-extinction-threat-in-10-25-years-1758623442603">Solar 'micronova' could cook us: Earth faces mass extinction threat in 10-25 years</a><h2>What is Huntington's Disease?</h2>Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. Symptoms typically appear in a person's 30s or 40s and gets worse over time. The disease causes movement problems, cognitive decline, and psychiatric issues, leading to death within 10 to 20 years of symptom onset. Huntington's is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene, and those with one affected parent have a 50% chance of inheriting the disease.<h2>Trial Results and Impact</h2>The treatment’s success has been demonstrated in a clinical trial involving 29 patients, where the disease's progression was significantly slowed. Results showed a 75% reduction in the disease's advancement, as measured by cognitive function, motor skills, and daily living capabilities. The data also revealed that the therapy had a protective effect on brain cells, as neurofilament levels—which indicate nerve cell death—did not increase as expected, but instead remained stable or improved.<h2>The Road Ahead</h2>While this development is groundbreaking, it comes with significant challenges. The procedure, involving delicate brain surgery, is both highly complex and expensive. This means the treatment will likely be out of reach for many people unless future advancements can make it more accessible. Despite these barriers, Professor Tabrizi and her team are optimistic, already planning further trials, including preventative treatments for those at risk but who have not yet shown symptoms. There are still many questions, including how widely the treatment can be distributed and whether it can be adapted for earlier intervention. However, the results show a tangible possibility of a better life for those living with Huntington's disease.<h2>Cost Considerations and Future Access</h2>The treatment’s anticipated high cost could limit its availability, especially since gene therapies are generally expensive. Professor Ed Wild, a consultant neurologist involved in the research, highlighted that while the surgery and therapy are costly, their long-term effects could make them more affordable over time. For comparison, the NHS currently funds a £2.6 million-per-patient gene therapy for hemophilia B. Gene therapy’s potential to transform the way we approach degenerative diseases is clear. While it may not be available for everyone in the immediate future, this development marks the start of a new era in the treatment of genetic disorders like Huntington's.

Historic medical breakthrough! Gene therapy slows Huntington's disease by 75%, offering new hope for patients

For the first time, doctors have successfully slowed the progression of Huntington's disease by 75%, offering hope to patients and their families. Huntington’s disease, a cruel genetic disorder that typically causes fatal neurological decline within two decades, has seen its progression dramatically slowed in a trial using innovative gene therapy. Professor Sarah Tabrizi, leading the research at University College London, called the results "spectacular," as data reveals that the progression of the disease is now slowed by 75%, meaning patients could live for decades with a much higher quality of life. Instead of deteriorating over one year, the disease now progresses at a rate that would typically take four years. The therapy, which involves complex brain surgery lasting up to 18 hours, uses cutting-edge gene-editing technology to slow the production of the toxic huntingtin protein that destroys brain cells. This is done by delivering a specially designed DNA sequence deep into the brain to suppress the harmful protein. The surgery is guided in real-time using MRI to target critical areas of the brain. Also Read: Solar 'micronova' could cook us: Earth faces mass extinction threat in 10-25 years What is Huntington's Disease? Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. Symptoms typically appear in a person's 30s or 40s and gets worse over time. The disease causes movement problems, cognitive decline, and psychiatric issues, leading to death within 10 to 20 years of symptom onset. Huntington's is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene, and those with one affected parent have a 50% chance of inheriting the disease. Trial Results and Impact The treatment’s success has been demonstrated in a clinical trial involving 29 patients, where the disease's progression was significantly slowed. Results showed a 75% reduction in the disease's advancement, as measured by cognitive function, motor skills, and daily living capabilities. The data also revealed that the therapy had a protective effect on brain cells, as neurofilament levels—which indicate nerve cell death—did not increase as expected, but instead remained stable or improved. The Road Ahead While this development is groundbreaking, it comes with significant challenges. The procedure, involving delicate brain surgery, is both highly complex and expensive. This means the treatment will likely be out of reach for many people unless future advancements can make it more accessible. Despite these barriers, Professor Tabrizi and her team are optimistic, already planning further trials, including preventative treatments for those at risk but who have not yet shown symptoms. There are still many questions, including how widely the treatment can be distributed and whether it can be adapted for earlier intervention. However, the results show a tangible possibility of a better life for those living with Huntington's disease. Cost Considerations and Future Access The treatment’s anticipated high cost could limit its availability, especially since gene therapies are generally expensive. Professor Ed Wild, a consultant neurologist involved in the research, highlighted that while the surgery and therapy are costly, their long-term effects could make them more affordable over time. For comparison, the NHS currently funds a £2.6 million-per-patient gene therapy for hemophilia B. Gene therapy’s potential to transform the way we approach degenerative diseases is clear. While it may not be available for everyone in the immediate future, this development marks the start of a new era in the treatment of genetic disorders like Huntington's.

A new gene therapy has successfully slowed Huntington's disease by 75%, giving patients new hope for a longer, higher quality life despite the devastating illness.

Infection cases caused by drug-resistant ‘nightmare bacteria’ surged nearly 70% between 2019 and 2023, according to a new report from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention scientists. The findings were published on Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine, in which researchers noted that the rise was largely attributed to bacteria carrying the NDM gene, which makes infections extremely difficult to treat.&nbsp;Currently, only two antibiotics are effective for infections, but these drugs are expensive and must be administered through an IV. Initially considered rare and linked mostly to patients who had received treatment abroad, these bacteria are now appearing more frequently within the United States. Although the overall number of cases remains relatively small, the CDC report highlighted that infections linked to the NDM gene have increased more than fivefold in recent years, as per the US News.<h3>What is 'Nightmare Bacteria'?</h3>Nightmare Bacteria is a term which mostly refers to the bacteria group known as Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). It includes pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. When all other options have been exhausted, these bacteria are resistant to the antibiotics carbapenems, which are frequently reserved for severe infections.&nbsp;The primary factor behind the recent rise in the US is the spread of bacteria carrying the NDM gene (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase), which enables them to block the effects of multiple antibiotic medications by neutralising them, as per the report in CNBC TV18.<h3>What are the early signs of infection of 'Nightmare Bacteria'?</h3>The early signs of CRE infections are quite challenging as their symptoms frequently appear similar to those of more common bacterial diseases. Warning signs differ depending on how far the infection has progressed. In urinary tract infections, patients may experience fever, cloudy urine, painful urination, and frequent urges to pass urine. Lung infections such as pneumonia often present with coughing, chest discomfort, fever, and shortness of breath.&nbsp;In cases where the infection spreads to the bloodstream and causes sepsis, symptoms may include a rapid heartbeat, chills, high fever, low blood pressure, and mental confusion. Since these indicators often resemble those of other medical conditions, laboratory tests are essential for accurate detection. Any delay in confirming the diagnosis can make effective treatment considerably more difficult.&nbsp;

The major cause of the current rise in the US is bacteria with the NDM gene (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase), which allows bacteria to render multiple antibiotic medications ineffective by neutralising them

Infection cases caused by drug-resistant ‘nightmare bacteria’ surged nearly 70% between 2019 and 2023, according to a new report from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention scientists. The findings were published on Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine, in which researchers noted that the rise was largely attributed to bacteria carrying the NDM gene, which makes infections extremely difficult to treat. Currently, only two antibiotics are effective for infections, but these drugs are expensive and must be administered through an IV. Initially considered rare and linked mostly to patients who had received treatment abroad, these bacteria are now appearing more frequently within the United States. Although the overall number of cases remains relatively small, the CDC report highlighted that infections linked to the NDM gene have increased more than fivefold in recent years, as per the US News. What is 'Nightmare Bacteria'? Nightmare Bacteria is a term which mostly refers to the bacteria group known as Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). It includes pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. When all other options have been exhausted, these bacteria are resistant to the antibiotics carbapenems, which are frequently reserved for severe infections. The primary factor behind the recent rise in the US is the spread of bacteria carrying the NDM gene (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase), which enables them to block the effects of multiple antibiotic medications by neutralising them, as per the report in CNBC TV18. What are the early signs of infection of 'Nightmare Bacteria'? The early signs of CRE infections are quite challenging as their symptoms frequently appear similar to those of more common bacterial diseases. Warning signs differ depending on how far the infection has progressed. In urinary tract infections, patients may experience fever, cloudy urine, painful urination, and frequent urges to pass urine. Lung infections such as pneumonia often present with coughing, chest discomfort, fever, and shortness of breath. In cases where the infection spreads to the bloodstream and causes sepsis, symptoms may include a rapid heartbeat, chills, high fever, low blood pressure, and mental confusion. Since these indicators often resemble those of other medical conditions, laboratory tests are essential for accurate detection. Any delay in confirming the diagnosis can make effective treatment considerably more difficult.

The primary factor behind the recent rise in the US is the spread of bacteria carrying the NDM gene (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase), which enables them to block the effects of multiple antibiotic medications by neutralising them.

What is Nightmare Bacteria? Drug-resistant pathogens are rapidly increasing in the US

A catastrophic space storm could wipe out 90 per cent of humanity, a space weather expert has warned. In fact, we are in the middle of this storm and the devastation could unfold any time. Ben Davidson, founder of Space Weather News, says a geomagnetic disaster could kill most life from the planet, and science backs it. He told the Matt Beall Limitless podcast that the Sun would be the main culprit in this event. A solar "micronova" could cause a magnetic pole shift, which could lead to a change in the climate, triggering destruction through various events, tsunamis, and ultimately a mass extinction. A solar explosion is very likely to occur as the Sun has been highly active in the past few years. “This is a near extinction-level event, and we are in the middle of it right now!” Davidson said. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/solar-superstorm-to-hit-earth-this-week-what-will-happen-1747894017392">Solar superstorm headed our way can raise the price of gas, cause 'internet apocalypse'</a>&nbsp;Solar storms are a regular occurrence. However, if our star unleases a huge amount of plasma, it could do more than just disrupt communication networks, experts say. Davidson said that a solar explosion of varying levels occurs every 6,000 years or so. A severe storm happens once every 12,000 years. The Carrington Event in 1959 is linked to a huge solar storm that disrupted telegraph systems and set wires ablaze. The next one that Earth will see is expected to be a much more bigger geostorm. Davidson said it could happen anywhere from 10 to 25 years. Earth’s magnetic shield is also weakening because of changes in the molten iron currents within Earth's outer core. As the magentic poles shift and this field weakens, the storm would have much deeper and scarier reach.<h2>How a geostorm will trigger chaos on Earth</h2>Even if the geostorm does not cook everything right away, it will damage power grids, affect water production, deliveries, emergency response and more, thus shattering the system within days. “Within three days, there's no gasoline at the pump. There's no food at the store,” Davidson warned. According to him, everything that is expected to happen with the climate in such a scenario is already happening. Which means, it is already underway. Experts have already warned that the rising CO2 levels are likely to cause a mass extinction in the next 250 million years. Meanwhile, in this century, a mega tsunami has been predicted which will submerge much of the coastal areas. So, besides human-caused climate change, it seems our Sun is also ready to roast us.

A space storm specialist has warned that Earth could face mass extinction within this decade as a geostorm is due to occur any time. In fact, we are already witnessing some changes in the form of the worsening climate.

A catastrophic space storm could wipe out 90 per cent of humanity, a space weather expert has warned. In fact, we are in the middle of this storm and the devastation could unfold any time. Ben Davidson, founder of Space Weather News, says a geomagnetic disaster could kill most life from the planet, and science backs it. He told the Matt Beall Limitless podcast that the Sun would be the main culprit in this event. A solar "micronova" could cause a magnetic pole shift, which could lead to a change in the climate, triggering destruction through various events, tsunamis, and ultimately a mass extinction. A solar explosion is very likely to occur as the Sun has been highly active in the past few years. “This is a near extinction-level event, and we are in the middle of it right now!” Davidson said. Also Read: Solar superstorm headed our way can raise the price of gas, cause 'internet apocalypse' Solar storms are a regular occurrence. However, if our star unleases a huge amount of plasma, it could do more than just disrupt communication networks, experts say. Davidson said that a solar explosion of varying levels occurs every 6,000 years or so. A severe storm happens once every 12,000 years. The Carrington Event in 1959 is linked to a huge solar storm that disrupted telegraph systems and set wires ablaze. The next one that Earth will see is expected to be a much more bigger geostorm. Davidson said it could happen anywhere from 10 to 25 years. Earth’s magnetic shield is also weakening because of changes in the molten iron currents within Earth's outer core. As the magentic poles shift and this field weakens, the storm would have much deeper and scarier reach. How a geostorm will trigger chaos on Earth Even if the geostorm does not cook everything right away, it will damage power grids, affect water production, deliveries, emergency response and more, thus shattering the system within days. “Within three days, there's no gasoline at the pump. There's no food at the store,” Davidson warned. According to him, everything that is expected to happen with the climate in such a scenario is already happening. Which means, it is already underway. Experts have already warned that the rising CO2 levels are likely to cause a mass extinction in the next 250 million years. Meanwhile, in this century, a mega tsunami has been predicted which will submerge much of the coastal areas. So, besides human-caused climate change, it seems our Sun is also ready to roast us.

A space storm specialist has warned that Earth could face mass extinction within this decade as a geostorm is due to occur any time. In fact, we are already witnessing some changes in the form of the worsening climate.

Solar 'micronova' could cook us: Earth faces mass extinction threat in 10-25 years

An asteroid that entered over France and exploded at quite a low altitude has uncovered a new impact risk that Earth's planetary defences might not be ready to fight. Asteroid 2023 CX1 burst into a fireball after disintegrating in the sky at an altitude of around 28 kilometres. According to a research that looked into the asteroid explosion, the asteroid did not start breaking apart after entering, and instead had a single explosion, releasing much of its energy at a very low height. Meteorites and other space rocks that enter Earth start disintegrating as soon as they hit the atmosphere, breaking apart in smaller chunks, thus releasing their energy slowly. But asteroid 2023 CX1 remained intact for a longer duration and only exploded after it came pretty close to the ground. NASA's Ames Research Centre calcualted that the meteor released a dynamic pressure of 4 MPa. A zone of high overpressures was created because of this, which was around four times bigger than expected for an asteroid of this size. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/asteroid-ky26-smaller-and-faster-than-expected-new-challenge-for-japan-s-hayabusa2-1758376594361">Asteroid KY26 smaller and faster than expected, new challenge for Japan’s Hayabusa2</a><h2>What happens if a bigger asteroid explodes near the ground?</h2>This finding presents a scenario that has never been explored before in planetary defence. According to the study, if in future an asteroid similar to 2023 CX1 was to hit Earth, and undergoes a similar burst, then it could cause a significant damage at the ground level. This means that people working to secure the planet from asteroids and comets have a new problem on their hands. They now need to rethink what is considered a "safe" small impact in the future. The problem turns even bigger if a bigger piece of space rock were to hit Earth. If it behaves like 2023 CX1, it could wreak havoc. In the absence of multiple detonations in its trajectory, a single large blow occurs near the ground, making it act like a bomb, Auriane Egal, who conducted the research at the University of Western Ontario in Canada, said. Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/watch-did-china-shoot-down-a-meteor-with-a-missile-scientists-doubt-friday-s-fireball-came-from-space-1758011374415">Watch: Did China shoot down a meteor with a missile? Scientists doubt Friday's fireball came from space</a>&nbsp;She added that if a bigger asteroid entered Earth, the shock to the surface of our atmosphere would be significantly stronger. “This kind of fragmentation is more dangerous,” Egal continued. “If you have a larger asteroid, its effects are going to be amplified. Maybe we need to evacuate a larger area near the predicted impact location.” Explaining why 2023 CX1 behaved in this manner, Egal said it belings to a parent rock in the inner asteroid belt where many collisions likely "toughened" it up. “We have multiple shock veins in the meteorite that are witnesses [to] lots of impacts,” she said. This is why it held strong until the last minute.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Asteroid 2023 CX1 exploded over France two years ago. The rock did not undergo multiple detonations, and instead burst into a huge fireball very near to the ground. Scientists are now worried that we are not prepared for such an asteroid impact. 

An asteroid that entered over France and exploded at quite a low altitude has uncovered a new impact risk that Earth's planetary defences might not be ready to fight. Asteroid 2023 CX1 burst into a fireball after disintegrating in the sky at an altitude of around 28 kilometres. According to a research that looked into the asteroid explosion, the asteroid did not start breaking apart after entering, and instead had a single explosion, releasing much of its energy at a very low height. Meteorites and other space rocks that enter Earth start disintegrating as soon as they hit the atmosphere, breaking apart in smaller chunks, thus releasing their energy slowly. But asteroid 2023 CX1 remained intact for a longer duration and only exploded after it came pretty close to the ground. NASA's Ames Research Centre calcualted that the meteor released a dynamic pressure of 4 MPa. A zone of high overpressures was created because of this, which was around four times bigger than expected for an asteroid of this size. Also Read: Asteroid KY26 smaller and faster than expected, new challenge for Japan’s Hayabusa2 What happens if a bigger asteroid explodes near the ground? This finding presents a scenario that has never been explored before in planetary defence. According to the study, if in future an asteroid similar to 2023 CX1 was to hit Earth, and undergoes a similar burst, then it could cause a significant damage at the ground level. This means that people working to secure the planet from asteroids and comets have a new problem on their hands. They now need to rethink what is considered a "safe" small impact in the future. The problem turns even bigger if a bigger piece of space rock were to hit Earth. If it behaves like 2023 CX1, it could wreak havoc. In the absence of multiple detonations in its trajectory, a single large blow occurs near the ground, making it act like a bomb, Auriane Egal, who conducted the research at the University of Western Ontario in Canada, said. Also Read: Watch: Did China shoot down a meteor with a missile? Scientists doubt Friday's fireball came from space She added that if a bigger asteroid entered Earth, the shock to the surface of our atmosphere would be significantly stronger. “This kind of fragmentation is more dangerous,” Egal continued. “If you have a larger asteroid, its effects are going to be amplified. Maybe we need to evacuate a larger area near the predicted impact location.” Explaining why 2023 CX1 behaved in this manner, Egal said it belings to a parent rock in the inner asteroid belt where many collisions likely "toughened" it up. “We have multiple shock veins in the meteorite that are witnesses [to] lots of impacts,” she said. This is why it held strong until the last minute.

Asteroid 2023 CX1 exploded over France two years ago. The rock did not undergo multiple detonations, and instead burst into a huge fireball very near to the ground. Scientists are now worried that we are not prepared for such an asteroid impact.&nbsp;

Asteroid explosion 'near ground' in France is giving scientists sleepless nights. Here's why

US President Donald Trump on Monday (Sep 22) pushed anti-vaccination sentiments as he urged pregnant women to avoid using Tylenol during pregnancy over purported autism risks. At a White House press conference, Trump tied the painkiller, which is known as paracetamol outside America, to autism — a link not backed by medical consensus — while calling for major changes to the way babies are vaccinated.<h2>Trump's anti-vax rant</h2>Leaning heavily into anti-vaccine talking points, Trump repeated claims long promoted by his health secretary, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. He argued that newborns should not receive the Hepatitis B vaccine — despite decades of research showing it prevents maternal transmission of the virus — and suggested childhood vaccines were overloaded with “too much liquid.”Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/trump-tells-pregnant-women-to-tough-it-out-without-paracetamol-claims-amish-have-no-autism-because-they-lack-tylenol-1758589438052">Trump tells pregnant women to ‘tough it out’ without paracetamol, claims Amish have ‘no autism’ because they lack Tylenol</a>Trump, who does not have any medical degrees, said that children should not get vaccinated against Hepatitis B until the age of 12 years. He said that "Hepatitis B is sexually transmitted," and stated that thus "There's no reason to give a baby that's almost just born hepatitis B." While it is true that Hep-B is mostly spread via sexual contact, it can be passed from a mother to her child during pregnancy. &nbsp;“They pump so much stuff into those beautiful little babies, it's a disgrace,” Trump said. “It looks like they’re pumping into a horse,” he claimed, but once again said, "I'm not a doctor, but I'm giving my opinion."Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/paracetamol-causes-autism-trump-admin-to-reveal-alarming-side-effects-of-tylenol-use-by-pregnant-women-1758529171001">Paracetamol causes autism? Trump admin to reveal alarming side effects of Tylenol use by pregnant women</a><h2>Echoes of "injecting bleach": Trump's latest remarks spark déjà vu</h2>The comments echoed Trump’s pandemic-era riffs about disinfectant injections and “light inside the body,” when he was widely mocked for dispensing medical theories from the podium.For doctors, the concern is more immediate. “Spacing out or delaying vaccines means children will not have immunity against these diseases at times when they are most at risk,” said Susan Kressly, president of the American Academy of Paediatrics. “Any effort to misrepresent sound science poses a threat to the health of children.”

US President Donald Trump, in a press conference, promoted anti-vaccination theories, suggesting that children's vaccination schedules should be changed, claiming that

US President Donald Trump on Monday (Sep 22) pushed anti-vaccination sentiments as he urged pregnant women to avoid using Tylenol during pregnancy over purported autism risks. At a White House press conference, Trump tied the painkiller, which is known as paracetamol outside America, to autism — a link not backed by medical consensus — while calling for major changes to the way babies are vaccinated. Trump's anti-vax rant Leaning heavily into anti-vaccine talking points, Trump repeated claims long promoted by his health secretary, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. He argued that newborns should not receive the Hepatitis B vaccine — despite decades of research showing it prevents maternal transmission of the virus — and suggested childhood vaccines were overloaded with “too much liquid.” Also read | Trump tells pregnant women to ‘tough it out’ without paracetamol, claims Amish have ‘no autism’ because they lack Tylenol Trump, who does not have any medical degrees, said that children should not get vaccinated against Hepatitis B until the age of 12 years. He said that "Hepatitis B is sexually transmitted," and stated that thus "There's no reason to give a baby that's almost just born hepatitis B." While it is true that Hep-B is mostly spread via sexual contact, it can be passed from a mother to her child during pregnancy. “They pump so much stuff into those beautiful little babies, it's a disgrace,” Trump said. “It looks like they’re pumping into a horse,” he claimed, but once again said, "I'm not a doctor, but I'm giving my opinion." Also read | Paracetamol causes autism? Trump admin to reveal alarming side effects of Tylenol use by pregnant women Echoes of "injecting bleach": Trump's latest remarks spark déjà vu The comments echoed Trump’s pandemic-era riffs about disinfectant injections and “light inside the body,” when he was widely mocked for dispensing medical theories from the podium. For doctors, the concern is more immediate. “Spacing out or delaying vaccines means children will not have immunity against these diseases at times when they are most at risk,” said Susan Kressly, president of the American Academy of Paediatrics. “Any effort to misrepresent sound science poses a threat to the health of children.”

US President Donald Trump, in a press conference, promoted anti-vaccination theories, suggesting that children's vaccination schedules should be changed, claiming that&nbsp;

‘They pump babies like horses’: Trump slams vaccines, urges parents to delay Hep-B shot until child turns 12

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Trump says 'they pump babies like horses,' asks parents to go anti-vax until...