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Tibetan President in Exile, Penpa Tsering, has confirmed back channel talks with the Chinese government that took place earlier this month. In an exclusive interview with WION, he stated, "Talks are happening. Nothing concrete. I admit back channel, nothing substantive happening." Direct talks between the two sides began in 2002, with a total of nine rounds conducted until 2010. In 2008, the Tibetan side in exile presented proposals for autonomy, which was rejected by the Chinese government.