A new study has revealed that weight-loss drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy may improve overall health in surprising ways. However, researchers warn these medications also come with risks and require further investigation. &nbsp;
<h2>Key findings &nbsp;</h2>
Researchers analysed data from two million US veterans with type 2 diabetes who used Ozempic, Wegovy, or standard treatments. The study, published in Nature Medicine, highlighted several health benefits: &nbsp; - Heart health: Lower risk of heart attacks, stroke, heart failure, and high blood pressure. &nbsp; - Neurological and mental health: Reduced risk of dementia, schizophrenia, seizures, and substance abuse. &nbsp; - Other benefits: Lower rates of liver cancer, kidney disease and bacterial infections. &nbsp;
The study reported a 12 per cent reduction in Alzheimer&rsquo;s risk after just 3.5 years of using these drugs, despite their short time on the market. &nbsp;
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<h2>Risks identified&nbsp;</h2>
While the benefits are significant, the drugs are "not without risk," researchers caution. Notable side effects include: &nbsp; - Digestive issues: Nausea, stomach pain and haemorrhoids. &nbsp; - Joint and bone pain, including arthritis. &nbsp; - Inflammation in the pancreas and kidneys. &nbsp;
The most surprising finding was increased joint pain, as weight loss usually eases pressure on joints. &nbsp;
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<h2>How do these drugs work?</h2>
The active ingredient, semaglutide, mimics the hormone GLP-1, which regulates hunger by signalling the brain when the stomach is full. However, GLP-1 receptors are also found in the heart, immune system, and other parts of the body, possibly explaining the drugs&rsquo; wide-ranging effects. &nbsp;
<h2>Caution&nbsp;</h2>
The study focused mostly on white male veterans, leaving questions about female-specific effects, such as anecdotal improvements in fertility. Researchers emphasise the need for more diverse and rigorous trials to confirm these findings. &nbsp;
Experts advise using these drugs only when medically necessary, as the risks may outweigh the benefits for those not facing obesity-related health issues. Further studies are expected to shed light on their long-term effects in the coming years.

 Trending | SCIENCE & TECH| Researchers analysed data from two million US veterans with type 2 diabetes who used Ozempic, Wegovy, or standard treatments. The study, published in Nature Medicine, highlighted several health benefits.

A new study has revealed that weight-loss drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy may improve overall health in surprising ways. However, researchers warn these medications also come with risks and require further investigation. Key findings Researchers analysed data from two million US veterans with type 2 diabetes who used Ozempic, Wegovy, or standard treatments. The study, published in Nature Medicine, highlighted several health benefits: - Heart health: Lower risk of heart attacks, stroke, heart failure, and high blood pressure. - Neurological and mental health: Reduced risk of dementia, schizophrenia, seizures, and substance abuse. - Other benefits: Lower rates of liver cancer, kidney disease and bacterial infections. The study reported a 12 per cent reduction in Alzheimer’s risk after just 3.5 years of using these drugs, despite their short time on the market. Also Read | Coffee linked to lower dementia risk: Study highlights unsweetened, caffeinated coffee benefits Risks identified While the benefits are significant, the drugs are "not without risk," researchers caution. Notable side effects include: - Digestive issues: Nausea, stomach pain and haemorrhoids. - Joint and bone pain, including arthritis. - Inflammation in the pancreas and kidneys. The most surprising finding was increased joint pain, as weight loss usually eases pressure on joints. Also Read | In a first, UK surgeons remove brain tumour through eye socket via keyhole surgery How do these drugs work? The active ingredient, semaglutide, mimics the hormone GLP-1, which regulates hunger by signalling the brain when the stomach is full. However, GLP-1 receptors are also found in the heart, immune system, and other parts of the body, possibly explaining the drugs’ wide-ranging effects. Caution The study focused mostly on white male veterans, leaving questions about female-specific effects, such as anecdotal improvements in fertility. Researchers emphasise the need for more diverse and rigorous trials to confirm these findings. Experts advise using these drugs only when medically necessary, as the risks may outweigh the benefits for those not facing obesity-related health issues. Further studies are expected to shed light on their long-term effects in the coming years.

Weight-loss drugs show wide health benefits, but risks remain: Study

A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggests that older adults who drink unsweetened, caffeinated coffee may have a lower risk of developing dementia. However, the protective benefits don&rsquo;t extend to sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened coffee, according to researchers from institutions across China. &nbsp;
<h2>Key findings from the study &nbsp;</h2>
The researchers analysed health records of 204,847 participants in the UK aged between 40 and 69 at the study's outset. Over an average period of nine years, they examined coffee consumption patterns alongside the incidence of dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. &nbsp;
-Coffee drinkers were at least 34 per cent less likely to develop Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease and related dementias. &nbsp; - A 37 per cent reduced risk of Parkinson&rsquo;s disease was observed among coffee drinkers. &nbsp; -Coffee drinkers were 47 per cent less likely to die from neurodegenerative diseases compared to non-coffee consumers. &nbsp;
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The most significant benefits were seen in participants who consumed more than three cups of unsweetened, caffeinated coffee daily. &nbsp;
<h2>Why unsweetened, caffeinated coffee?</h2>
The study emphasises that the observed benefits are exclusive to unsweetened and caffeinated coffee. According to researchers caffeine may have protective effects on the brain. Meanwhile, sugar and artificial sweeteners might interfere with these benefits, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. &nbsp;
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"Multiple mechanisms suggest a potential connection between unsweetened and caffeinated coffee consumption and neurodegenerative diseases," the researchers noted in their paper. &nbsp;
Despite these promising findings, the study doesn&rsquo;t establish a direct causal relationship between coffee consumption and a reduced dementia risk. It&rsquo;s unclear if coffee actively protects the brain, if early dementia symptoms influence coffee consumption, or if a third unidentified factor plays a role. &nbsp;
<h2>Broader implications</h2>
These findings align with previous studies suggesting that coffee consumption might slow cognitive decline and extend lifespan. However, the researchers advise caution when adding sugar or artificial sweeteners to coffee. &nbsp;
&nbsp;

Trending | SCIENCE & TECH | Coffee linked to lower dementia risk: Study highlights unsweetened, caffeinated coffee benefits

A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggests that older adults who drink unsweetened, caffeinated coffee may have a lower risk of developing dementia. However, the protective benefits don’t extend to sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened coffee, according to researchers from institutions across China. Key findings from the study The researchers analysed health records of 204,847 participants in the UK aged between 40 and 69 at the study's outset. Over an average period of nine years, they examined coffee consumption patterns alongside the incidence of dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. -Coffee drinkers were at least 34 per cent less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. - A 37 per cent reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease was observed among coffee drinkers. -Coffee drinkers were 47 per cent less likely to die from neurodegenerative diseases compared to non-coffee consumers. Also Read | In a first, UK surgeons remove brain tumour through eye socket via keyhole surgery The most significant benefits were seen in participants who consumed more than three cups of unsweetened, caffeinated coffee daily. Why unsweetened, caffeinated coffee? The study emphasises that the observed benefits are exclusive to unsweetened and caffeinated coffee. According to researchers caffeine may have protective effects on the brain. Meanwhile, sugar and artificial sweeteners might interfere with these benefits, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. Also Read | NHS to attempt brain implant that could boost mood by using ultrasound "Multiple mechanisms suggest a potential connection between unsweetened and caffeinated coffee consumption and neurodegenerative diseases," the researchers noted in their paper. Despite these promising findings, the study doesn’t establish a direct causal relationship between coffee consumption and a reduced dementia risk. It’s unclear if coffee actively protects the brain, if early dementia symptoms influence coffee consumption, or if a third unidentified factor plays a role. Broader implications These findings align with previous studies suggesting that coffee consumption might slow cognitive decline and extend lifespan. However, the researchers advise caution when adding sugar or artificial sweeteners to coffee.

Coffee linked to lower dementia risk: Study highlights unsweetened, caffeinated coffee benefits

The widespread presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals," has been raising alarm over their impact on human health for years.&nbsp;
Now, new research highlights that wildlife is also suffering from these chemicals, with freshwater turtles in Australia showing signs of significant health problems due to PFAS exposure, as reported by the website ScienceNews.
<h2>Impact on turtles' metabolic health</h2>
A study published in Science of the Total Environment on December 15, 2023, led by environmental biochemist David Beale of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), reveals that freshwater turtles exposed to PFAS in Queensland, Australia, experienced alterations in their metabolic functions. The researchers found several biomarkers indicative of potential cancer and other health issues in the reptiles.
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<h2>Study methodology and findings</h2>
Beale and his team studied freshwater turtles (Emydura macquarii) from three sites around Queensland, each with varying levels of PFAS contamination. One site had high PFAS levels, another had moderate contamination, and a third had barely detectable amounts of the chemicals, with no other contaminants present. The turtles were captured, examined, and tested for PFAS exposure. Some female turtles were hormonally induced to lay eggs, and their hatchlings, along with the adult turtles, underwent physical and chemical exams. The researchers also analysed the eggshells to explore any potential link between shell strength and PFAS exposure.
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The study revealed that like humans, these turtles transferred PFAS contamination to their offspring through fats and nutrients. Most of the chemical accumulation in the adult females was found in their ovaries, although PFAS was also detected in organs such as the liver, kidneys and heart. The hatchlings, raised in the lab, exhibited high PFAS levels and concerning deformities, particularly in their scales.&nbsp;
A particularly alarming finding was the absence of juvenile turtles in the two PFAS-contaminated sites. This could indicate that the deformities and health issues caused by PFAS are leading to shorter lifespans, either because the deformed turtles are more vulnerable to predation or because of early mortality linked to their health problems.&nbsp;
The researchers also observed differences in egg size and quantity, with turtles from the moderately polluted site laying more but smaller eggs. While this may be a sign of PFAS impact, the team could not definitively link these changes to the chemical exposure.
&nbsp;

New research highlights that wildlife is also suffering from these chemicals, with freshwater turtles in Australia showing signs of significant health problems due to PFAS exposure

The widespread presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals," has been raising alarm over their impact on human health for years. Now, new research highlights that wildlife is also suffering from these chemicals, with freshwater turtles in Australia showing signs of significant health problems due to PFAS exposure, as reported by the website ScienceNews. Impact on turtles' metabolic health A study published in Science of the Total Environment on December 15, 2023, led by environmental biochemist David Beale of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), reveals that freshwater turtles exposed to PFAS in Queensland, Australia, experienced alterations in their metabolic functions. The researchers found several biomarkers indicative of potential cancer and other health issues in the reptiles. Also Read | New study shows AI helps find more cancer cases without causing extra harm Study methodology and findings Beale and his team studied freshwater turtles (Emydura macquarii) from three sites around Queensland, each with varying levels of PFAS contamination. One site had high PFAS levels, another had moderate contamination, and a third had barely detectable amounts of the chemicals, with no other contaminants present. The turtles were captured, examined, and tested for PFAS exposure. Some female turtles were hormonally induced to lay eggs, and their hatchlings, along with the adult turtles, underwent physical and chemical exams. The researchers also analysed the eggshells to explore any potential link between shell strength and PFAS exposure. Also Read | Rabbit fever cases surge in the US: CDC report highlights risks The study revealed that like humans, these turtles transferred PFAS contamination to their offspring through fats and nutrients. Most of the chemical accumulation in the adult females was found in their ovaries, although PFAS was also detected in organs such as the liver, kidneys and heart. The hatchlings, raised in the lab, exhibited high PFAS levels and concerning deformities, particularly in their scales. A particularly alarming finding was the absence of juvenile turtles in the two PFAS-contaminated sites. This could indicate that the deformities and health issues caused by PFAS are leading to shorter lifespans, either because the deformed turtles are more vulnerable to predation or because of early mortality linked to their health problems. The researchers also observed differences in egg size and quantity, with turtles from the moderately polluted site laying more but smaller eggs. While this may be a sign of PFAS impact, the team could not definitively link these changes to the chemical exposure.

Study finds ‘forever chemicals’ impacting wildlife health

A study published in Circulation has revealed that damaged human hearts may possess significant self-healing abilities when supported by appropriate therapy. Researchers found that these regenerative powers can even exceed those of a healthy heart under certain conditions.
<h2>Role of LVAD in heart recovery &nbsp;</h2>
The study examined 52 heart failure patients, including 28 who received a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a surgically implanted device that helps pump blood. LVADs are typically used for life or as a bridge to heart transplants, but in some cases, the heart's recovery has been so significant that the device could be removed.
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<h2>Tracking heart cell renewal &nbsp;</h2>
By analysing radioactive carbon-14 (14C) levels in heart cells, researchers tracked the regeneration of cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells). In damaged hearts, the regeneration rate was 18&ndash;50 times lower than in healthy hearts. However, after LVAD implantation, regeneration rates surged to up to six times faster than normal.
<h2>Exploring regeneration mechanisms &nbsp;</h2>
The researchers noted that while LVADs improved heart structure and function, the exact reasons for the enhanced cell regeneration remain unknown. Mathematical modelling and carbon tracking suggested that new cardiomyocytes were being formed during the process, highlighting the potential for advanced heart failure therapies.&nbsp;
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<h2>Future implications &nbsp;</h2>
While LVAD-supported hearts showed remarkable repair capabilities, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. According to molecular biologist Olaf Bergmann from the Karolinska Institute, the findings suggest the presence of a key trigger for activating the heart&rsquo;s natural repair mechanism. "The results suggest that there might be a hidden key to kickstart the heart's own repair mechanism," he said. Further research is essential to understand and potentially replicate this process in new therapies.

Science | Trending: The study examined 52 heart failure patients, including 28 who received a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a surgically implanted device that helps pump blood. 

A study published in Circulation has revealed that damaged human hearts may possess significant self-healing abilities when supported by appropriate therapy. Researchers found that these regenerative powers can even exceed those of a healthy heart under certain conditions. Role of LVAD in heart recovery The study examined 52 heart failure patients, including 28 who received a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a surgically implanted device that helps pump blood. LVADs are typically used for life or as a bridge to heart transplants, but in some cases, the heart's recovery has been so significant that the device could be removed. Also Read | Can cancer be contagious? Surgeon 'catches' rare cancer from a patient Tracking heart cell renewal By analysing radioactive carbon-14 (14C) levels in heart cells, researchers tracked the regeneration of cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells). In damaged hearts, the regeneration rate was 18–50 times lower than in healthy hearts. However, after LVAD implantation, regeneration rates surged to up to six times faster than normal. Exploring regeneration mechanisms The researchers noted that while LVADs improved heart structure and function, the exact reasons for the enhanced cell regeneration remain unknown. Mathematical modelling and carbon tracking suggested that new cardiomyocytes were being formed during the process, highlighting the potential for advanced heart failure therapies. Also Read | Scientists solve 200-year-old mystery of climate cooling volcano Future implications While LVAD-supported hearts showed remarkable repair capabilities, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. According to molecular biologist Olaf Bergmann from the Karolinska Institute, the findings suggest the presence of a key trigger for activating the heart’s natural repair mechanism. "The results suggest that there might be a hidden key to kickstart the heart's own repair mechanism," he said. Further research is essential to understand and potentially replicate this process in new therapies.

Study reveals damaged hearts may hold self-healing ability

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a warning about high levels of respiratory illness activity across the United States. Respiratory illnesses, including the flu, COVID-19, and RSV activity are currently rising at elevated rates.
<h2>States with high virus activity</h2>
New Hampshire is experiencing "very high" respiratory virus activity. Eleven other states&mdash;Arizona, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin&mdash;are reporting "high" activity. This reflects a widespread increase in cases of flu, COVID-19, and RSV across the country, as reported by abc news.
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<h2>Vaccination rates are low, but vaccines are available</h2>
Vaccines for the flu and COVID-19 are available for both children and adults, and RSV vaccines are available for certain groups of adults. However, the CDC highlights that vaccination coverage remains low, leaving many people without protection from these viruses.
<h2>Flu, COVID-19 and RSV cases on the rise</h2>
The CDC reports that flu, COVID-19, and RSV cases are all on the rise. The number of emergency department visits has increased, along with the number of positive tests for these viruses.&nbsp;
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As of December 21, the CDC estimates that there have been 3.1 million flu illnesses, 37,000 hospitalisations, and 1,500 deaths from the flu so far this season. COVID-19 cases are also rising, with higher levels of the virus detected in wastewater and an increase in emergency visits.&nbsp;
RSV is also a growing concern, especially among young children and older adults. The CDC has reported rising hospitalisations in both groups, with some areas seeing more severe cases.
(With inputs from agencies)
&nbsp;

World: The CDC has alerted the public about a surge in respiratory illnesses, highlighting a widespread concern across the nation that requires attention and caution.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a warning about high levels of respiratory illness activity across the United States. Respiratory illnesses, including the flu, COVID-19, and RSV activity are currently rising at elevated rates. States with high virus activity New Hampshire is experiencing "very high" respiratory virus activity. Eleven other states—Arizona, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin—are reporting "high" activity. This reflects a widespread increase in cases of flu, COVID-19, and RSV across the country, as reported by abc news. Also Read | Smoking one cigarette can take away 20 minutes of your life, study finds Vaccination rates are low, but vaccines are available Vaccines for the flu and COVID-19 are available for both children and adults, and RSV vaccines are available for certain groups of adults. However, the CDC highlights that vaccination coverage remains low, leaving many people without protection from these viruses. Flu, COVID-19 and RSV cases on the rise The CDC reports that flu, COVID-19, and RSV cases are all on the rise. The number of emergency department visits has increased, along with the number of positive tests for these viruses. Also Read | Study reveals too much sitting can undermine exercise benefits As of December 21, the CDC estimates that there have been 3.1 million flu illnesses, 37,000 hospitalisations, and 1,500 deaths from the flu so far this season. COVID-19 cases are also rising, with higher levels of the virus detected in wastewater and an increase in emergency visits. RSV is also a growing concern, especially among young children and older adults. The CDC has reported rising hospitalisations in both groups, with some areas seeing more severe cases. (With inputs from agencies)

High respiratory virus activity surges across US, warns CDC

California, United States
Researchers from the California Institute of Technology have quantified the speed of the human brain at which it processes information, revealing we may not be as sharp as we might think. The study has opened new avenues of exploration for neuroscience.
The study has revealed that the speed of human thought is just 10 bits per second, much less than what we’d like to imagine. Our brain processes thoughts one at a time, making it a slow and crowded queue.
This new information is in contrast to the way the peripheral nervous system functions, processing gigabits of sensory data in a second, raising many questions for scientists.
The research led by neurobiologist Jieyu Zheng was conducted in the laboratory of Markus Meister and published in the journal Neuron on December 17.
Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/having-your-tonsils-removed-as-a-child-may-increase-the-risk-of-stress-disorders-study-785951">Having your tonsils removed as a child may increase the risk of stress disorders: Study</a>
“This is an extremely low number,” Meister says. “Every moment, we are extracting just 10 bits from the trillion that our senses are taking in and using those 10 to perceive the world around us and make decisions. This raises a paradox: What is the brain doing to filter all of this information?”
Zheng and Meister have highlighted in their published paper that despite the richness in our mind’s eye, photographic memory, and unconscious processing, the brain really does operate at a sluggish pace, which rarely goes above 10 bits a second.
According to the researchers, the brain processes at just under 12 bits a second while solving a Rubik’s cube blindfolded and around 10 bits while playing a strategy video game. 
“The current understanding is not commensurate with the enormous processing resources available, and we have seen no viable proposal for what would create a neural bottleneck that forces single-strand operation,” the authors write.
Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/aging-a-thing-of-the-past-new-study-finds-70-is-the-new-60-785451">Ageing a thing of the past? New study finds 70 is the new 60 because...</a>
With over 85 billion neurons in the brain that form trillions of connections, allowing us to feel and think, why each of them can’t process collectively at a faster speed is not known.
“Our ancestors have chosen an ecological niche where the world is slow enough to make survival possible,” Zheng and Meister write. “In fact, the 10 bits per second are needed only in worst-case situations, and most of the time our environment changes at a much more leisurely pace.”
Scientists have suggested developing an interface that can link brains and computers for humans to communicate faster than the normal pace of speaking or typing, the new study has shown that our brains can only communicate at the same speed of 10 bits per second.
(With inputs from agencies)

The new information is in contrast to the way the peripheral nervous system functions, processing gigabits of sensory data in a second, raising many questions for scientists



California, United States Researchers from the California Institute of Technology have quantified the speed of the human brain at which it processes information, revealing we may not be as sharp as we might think. The study has opened new avenues of exploration for neuroscience. The study has revealed that the speed of human thought is just 10 bits per second, much less than what we’d like to imagine. Our brain processes thoughts one at a time, making it a slow and crowded queue. This new information is in contrast to the way the peripheral nervous system functions, processing gigabits of sensory data in a second, raising many questions for scientists. The research led by neurobiologist Jieyu Zheng was conducted in the laboratory of Markus Meister and published in the journal Neuron on December 17. Also read | Having your tonsils removed as a child may increase the risk of stress disorders: Study “This is an extremely low number,” Meister says. “Every moment, we are extracting just 10 bits from the trillion that our senses are taking in and using those 10 to perceive the world around us and make decisions. This raises a paradox: What is the brain doing to filter all of this information?” Zheng and Meister have highlighted in their published paper that despite the richness in our mind’s eye, photographic memory, and unconscious processing, the brain really does operate at a sluggish pace, which rarely goes above 10 bits a second. According to the researchers, the brain processes at just under 12 bits a second while solving a Rubik’s cube blindfolded and around 10 bits while playing a strategy video game. “The current understanding is not commensurate with the enormous processing resources available, and we have seen no viable proposal for what would create a neural bottleneck that forces single-strand operation,” the authors write. Also read | Ageing a thing of the past? New study finds 70 is the new 60 because... With over 85 billion neurons in the brain that form trillions of connections, allowing us to feel and think, why each of them can’t process collectively at a faster speed is not known. “Our ancestors have chosen an ecological niche where the world is slow enough to make survival possible,” Zheng and Meister write. “In fact, the 10 bits per second are needed only in worst-case situations, and most of the time our environment changes at a much more leisurely pace.” Scientists have suggested developing an interface that can link brains and computers for humans to communicate faster than the normal pace of speaking or typing, the new study has shown that our brains can only communicate at the same speed of 10 bits per second. (With inputs from agencies)

Our brain is not as fast as we might think, study reveals speed of human thought

Researchers from the California Institute of Technology have quantified the speed of the human brain at which it processes information, revealing we may not be as sharp as we might think. The study has opened new avenues of exploration for neuroscience.

The study has revealed that the speed of human thought is just 10 bits per second, much less than what we’d like to imagine. Our brain processes thoughts one at a time, making it a slow and crowded queue.

This new information is in contrast to the way the peripheral nervous system functions, processing gigabits of sensory data in a second, raising many questions for scientists.

The research led by neurobiologist Jieyu Zheng was conducted in the laboratory of Markus Meister and published in the journal Neuron on December 17.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/having-your-tonsils-removed-as-a-child-may-increase-the-risk-of-stress-disorders-study-785951">Having your tonsils removed as a child may increase the risk of stress disorders: Study</a>

“This is an extremely low number,” Meister says. “Every moment, we are extracting just 10 bits from the trillion that our senses are taking in and using those 10 to perceive the world around us and make decisions. This raises a paradox: What is the brain doing to filter all of this information?”

Zheng and Meister have highlighted in their published paper that despite the richness in our mind’s eye, photographic memory, and unconscious processing, the brain really does operate at a sluggish pace, which rarely goes above 10 bits a second.

According to the researchers, the brain processes at just under 12 bits a second while solving a Rubik’s cube blindfolded and around 10 bits while playing a strategy video game.&nbsp;

“The current understanding is not commensurate with the enormous processing resources available, and we have seen no viable proposal for what would create a neural bottleneck that forces single-strand operation,” the authors write.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/aging-a-thing-of-the-past-new-study-finds-70-is-the-new-60-785451">Ageing a thing of the past? New study finds 70 is the new 60 because...</a>

With over 85 billion neurons in the brain that form trillions of connections, allowing us to feel and think, why each of them can’t process collectively at a faster speed is not known.

“Our ancestors have chosen an ecological niche where the world is slow enough to make survival possible,” Zheng and Meister write. “In fact, the 10 bits per second are needed only in worst-case situations, and most of the time our environment changes at a much more leisurely pace.”

Scientists have suggested developing an interface that can link brains and computers for humans to communicate faster than the normal pace of speaking or typing, the new study has shown that our brains can only communicate at the same speed of 10 bits per second.

(With inputs from agencies)

Researchers from the California Institute of Technology have quantified the speed of the human brain at which it processes information, revealing we may not be as sharp as we might think.

Researchers from the California Institute of Technology have quantified the speed of the human brain at which it processes information, revealing we may not be as sharp as we might think. The study has opened new avenues of exploration for neuroscience. The study has revealed that the speed of human thought is just 10 bits per second, much less than what we’d like to imagine. Our brain processes thoughts one at a time, making it a slow and crowded queue. This new information is in contrast to the way the peripheral nervous system functions, processing gigabits of sensory data in a second, raising many questions for scientists. The research led by neurobiologist Jieyu Zheng was conducted in the laboratory of Markus Meister and published in the journal Neuron on December 17. Also read | Having your tonsils removed as a child may increase the risk of stress disorders: Study “This is an extremely low number,” Meister says. “Every moment, we are extracting just 10 bits from the trillion that our senses are taking in and using those 10 to perceive the world around us and make decisions. This raises a paradox: What is the brain doing to filter all of this information?” Zheng and Meister have highlighted in their published paper that despite the richness in our mind’s eye, photographic memory, and unconscious processing, the brain really does operate at a sluggish pace, which rarely goes above 10 bits a second. According to the researchers, the brain processes at just under 12 bits a second while solving a Rubik’s cube blindfolded and around 10 bits while playing a strategy video game. “The current understanding is not commensurate with the enormous processing resources available, and we have seen no viable proposal for what would create a neural bottleneck that forces single-strand operation,” the authors write. Also read | Ageing a thing of the past? New study finds 70 is the new 60 because... With over 85 billion neurons in the brain that form trillions of connections, allowing us to feel and think, why each of them can’t process collectively at a faster speed is not known. “Our ancestors have chosen an ecological niche where the world is slow enough to make survival possible,” Zheng and Meister write. “In fact, the 10 bits per second are needed only in worst-case situations, and most of the time our environment changes at a much more leisurely pace.” Scientists have suggested developing an interface that can link brains and computers for humans to communicate faster than the normal pace of speaking or typing, the new study has shown that our brains can only communicate at the same speed of 10 bits per second. (With inputs from agencies)

Stockholm, Sweden
A new study has revealed that surgical removal of tonsils as a child can increase the risk of developing an anxiety-related disorder later in life.
In the US, around 300,000 children get their tonsils removed surgically to reduce recurrent infections or improve breathing while sleeping. 
Researchers from Guangxi Medical University in China and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden discovered that tonsillectomy led to a 43 per cent increased risk of developing mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after examining data on over a million people from Swedish health registry.
Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/aging-a-thing-of-the-past-new-study-finds-70-is-the-new-60-785451">Ageing a thing of the past? New study finds 70 is the new 60 because...</a>
While this observational study could not pinpoint the cause of it, the analysis revealed a significant risk even after considering the sex, age when their tonsils were removed, family history of stress-related disorders, and socioeconomic status of their parents.
According to the researchers, “These findings suggest a potential role of adenotonsillar diseases or associated health conditions in the development of stress-related disorders.”
“We found that although the risk increase appeared to be greatest during the first years following surgery, an increased risk of stress-related disorders was still noted more than 20 years after the surgery.”
The study, which was published in JAMA Network Open, showed an increased risk of 55 per cent for developing PTSD for those who had tonsillectomies in their early years, compared with those who hadn’t.
Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/mystery-illness-dinga-dinga-leaves-300-in-uganda-shaking-uncontrollably-785363">Mystery illness 'Dinga Dinga' leaves 300 in Uganda shaking uncontrollably</a>
The scientists also studied samples while considering genetic and environmental factors, which revealed a greater risk of anxiety disorders of 34 per cent for those family members who had their tonsils removed.
While we do not necessarily need tonsils to live, they help the body fight infections and their absence can make us more susceptible to developing certain health conditions, including anxiety-related disorders and persistent inflammation.
Previous studies have indicated that tonsillectomy may increase the risk of other health problems like cancer and autoimmune diseases.
The research team also highlighted, “If our findings here are validated in future studies of independent study populations, mechanistic studies would be needed to disentangle the role of human tonsils and their diseases, via inflammation or other associated health conditions, in the development of psychiatric disorders in general and stress-related disorders specifically.”
(With inputs from agencies)

The study, which was published in JAMA Network Open, showed an increased risk of 55 per cent for developing PTSD for those who had tonsillectomies in their early years, compared with those who hadn’t



Stockholm, Sweden A new study has revealed that surgical removal of tonsils as a child can increase the risk of developing an anxiety-related disorder later in life. In the US, around 300,000 children get their tonsils removed surgically to reduce recurrent infections or improve breathing while sleeping. Researchers from Guangxi Medical University in China and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden discovered that tonsillectomy led to a 43 per cent increased risk of developing mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after examining data on over a million people from Swedish health registry. Also read | Ageing a thing of the past? New study finds 70 is the new 60 because... While this observational study could not pinpoint the cause of it, the analysis revealed a significant risk even after considering the sex, age when their tonsils were removed, family history of stress-related disorders, and socioeconomic status of their parents. According to the researchers, “These findings suggest a potential role of adenotonsillar diseases or associated health conditions in the development of stress-related disorders.” “We found that although the risk increase appeared to be greatest during the first years following surgery, an increased risk of stress-related disorders was still noted more than 20 years after the surgery.” The study, which was published in JAMA Network Open, showed an increased risk of 55 per cent for developing PTSD for those who had tonsillectomies in their early years, compared with those who hadn’t. Also read | Mystery illness 'Dinga Dinga' leaves 300 in Uganda shaking uncontrollably The scientists also studied samples while considering genetic and environmental factors, which revealed a greater risk of anxiety disorders of 34 per cent for those family members who had their tonsils removed. While we do not necessarily need tonsils to live, they help the body fight infections and their absence can make us more susceptible to developing certain health conditions, including anxiety-related disorders and persistent inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that tonsillectomy may increase the risk of other health problems like cancer and autoimmune diseases. The research team also highlighted, “If our findings here are validated in future studies of independent study populations, mechanistic studies would be needed to disentangle the role of human tonsils and their diseases, via inflammation or other associated health conditions, in the development of psychiatric disorders in general and stress-related disorders specifically.” (With inputs from agencies)

Having your tonsils removed as a child may increase the risk of stress disorders: Study

A new study has revealed that surgical removal of tonsils as a child can increase the risk of developing an anxiety-related disorder later in life.

In the US, around 300,000 children get their tonsils removed surgically to reduce recurrent infections or improve breathing while sleeping.&nbsp;

Researchers from Guangxi Medical University in China and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden discovered that tonsillectomy led to a 43 per cent increased risk of developing mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after examining data on over a million people from Swedish health registry.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/aging-a-thing-of-the-past-new-study-finds-70-is-the-new-60-785451">Ageing a thing of the past? New study finds 70 is the new 60 because...</a>

While this observational study could not pinpoint the cause of it, the analysis revealed a significant risk even after considering the sex, age when their tonsils were removed, family history of stress-related disorders, and socioeconomic status of their parents.

According to the researchers, “These findings suggest a potential role of adenotonsillar diseases or associated health conditions in the development of stress-related disorders.”

“We found that although the risk increase appeared to be greatest during the first years following surgery, an increased risk of stress-related disorders was still noted more than 20 years after the surgery.”

The study, which was published in JAMA Network Open, showed an increased risk of 55 per cent for developing PTSD for those who had tonsillectomies in their early years, compared with those who hadn’t.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/mystery-illness-dinga-dinga-leaves-300-in-uganda-shaking-uncontrollably-785363">Mystery illness 'Dinga Dinga' leaves 300 in Uganda shaking uncontrollably</a>

The scientists also studied samples while considering genetic and environmental factors, which revealed a greater risk of anxiety disorders of 34 per cent for those family members who had their tonsils removed.

While we do not necessarily need tonsils to live, they help the body fight infections and their absence can make us more susceptible to developing certain health conditions, including anxiety-related disorders and persistent inflammation.

Previous studies have indicated that tonsillectomy may increase the risk of other health problems like cancer and autoimmune diseases.

The research team also highlighted, “If our findings here are validated in future studies of independent study populations, mechanistic studies would be needed to disentangle the role of human tonsils and their diseases, via inflammation or other associated health conditions, in the development of psychiatric disorders in general and stress-related disorders specifically.”

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has revealed that surgical removal of tonsils as a child can increase the risk of developing an anxiety-related disorder later in life. In the US, around 300,000 children get their tonsils removed surgically to reduce recurrent infections or improve breathing while sleeping.

A new study has revealed that surgical removal of tonsils as a child can increase the risk of developing an anxiety-related disorder later in life. In the US, around 300,000 children get their tonsils removed surgically to reduce recurrent infections or improve breathing while sleeping. Researchers from Guangxi Medical University in China and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden discovered that tonsillectomy led to a 43 per cent increased risk of developing mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after examining data on over a million people from Swedish health registry. Also read | Ageing a thing of the past? New study finds 70 is the new 60 because... While this observational study could not pinpoint the cause of it, the analysis revealed a significant risk even after considering the sex, age when their tonsils were removed, family history of stress-related disorders, and socioeconomic status of their parents. According to the researchers, “These findings suggest a potential role of adenotonsillar diseases or associated health conditions in the development of stress-related disorders.” “We found that although the risk increase appeared to be greatest during the first years following surgery, an increased risk of stress-related disorders was still noted more than 20 years after the surgery.” The study, which was published in JAMA Network Open, showed an increased risk of 55 per cent for developing PTSD for those who had tonsillectomies in their early years, compared with those who hadn’t. Also read | Mystery illness 'Dinga Dinga' leaves 300 in Uganda shaking uncontrollably The scientists also studied samples while considering genetic and environmental factors, which revealed a greater risk of anxiety disorders of 34 per cent for those family members who had their tonsils removed. While we do not necessarily need tonsils to live, they help the body fight infections and their absence can make us more susceptible to developing certain health conditions, including anxiety-related disorders and persistent inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that tonsillectomy may increase the risk of other health problems like cancer and autoimmune diseases. The research team also highlighted, “If our findings here are validated in future studies of independent study populations, mechanistic studies would be needed to disentangle the role of human tonsils and their diseases, via inflammation or other associated health conditions, in the development of psychiatric disorders in general and stress-related disorders specifically.” (With inputs from agencies)

Sydney, Australia
When you make a wish upon a star, it’s easy to imagine that the light you’re seeing may be ancient, perhaps from a star that has already burned out. 
However, as per Science Alert, this idea is more myth than reality. Laura Nicole Driessen, a postdoctoral researcher in radio astronomy at the University of Sydney, explains that the stars we see in the night sky are likely still alive and shining brightly.
<h2>Stars are closer than you think</h2>
A common misconception is that the stars we wish upon are "millions of light years away." As Driessen explains, most of the stars we can see are actually much closer.
All visible stars are within our galaxy, the Milky Way, which is about 100,000 light-years across. The furthest stars visible to the naked eye are only about 74,000 light years away, as per Science Alert reports—far less than the "millions of light years" often cited.
Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/jupiters-most-volcanic-moon-io-doesnt-have-an-ocean-of-magma-beneath-it-study-784691">Jupiter's most volcanic moon Io doesn't have an ocean of magma beneath it: Study</a>
<h2>Stars live longer than you expect</h2>
Driessen points out that many visible stars, including those in the Yale Bright Star Catalogue, can live for billions of years. While some massive stars have shorter lifespans, lasting only a few hundred thousand years, many stars visible to us are "main sequence" stars, which live for billions of years. Even giant stars can last long enough for your wish to travel to them, says Driessen, making the likelihood of wishing on a dead star quite low.
Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/saturns-rings-may-have-existed-since-the-solar-system-was-created-study-784694">Saturn's rings may have existed since the Solar System was created: Study</a>
If you’re still concerned about wishing upon a star that might no longer exist, Driessen suggests Alpha Centauri as a safe bet. Located just four light years away, Alpha Centauri is the closest star system to Earth. With three stars in the system, there’s no shortage of options for your wish to reach a star that’s still shining, and it will remain stable for a long time, as Science Alert notes.
So next time you make a wish, rest assured that the star you're wishing on is likely still very much alive.
(With inputs from agencies)

A common misconception is that the stars we wish upon are "millions of light years away." As Driessen explains, most of the stars we can see are actually much closer.



Sydney, Australia When you make a wish upon a star, it’s easy to imagine that the light you’re seeing may be ancient, perhaps from a star that has already burned out. However, as per Science Alert, this idea is more myth than reality. Laura Nicole Driessen, a postdoctoral researcher in radio astronomy at the University of Sydney, explains that the stars we see in the night sky are likely still alive and shining brightly. Stars are closer than you think A common misconception is that the stars we wish upon are "millions of light years away." As Driessen explains, most of the stars we can see are actually much closer. All visible stars are within our galaxy, the Milky Way, which is about 100,000 light-years across. The furthest stars visible to the naked eye are only about 74,000 light years away, as per Science Alert reports—far less than the "millions of light years" often cited. Also read | Jupiter's most volcanic moon Io doesn't have an ocean of magma beneath it: Study Stars live longer than you expect Driessen points out that many visible stars, including those in the Yale Bright Star Catalogue, can live for billions of years. While some massive stars have shorter lifespans, lasting only a few hundred thousand years, many stars visible to us are "main sequence" stars, which live for billions of years. Even giant stars can last long enough for your wish to travel to them, says Driessen, making the likelihood of wishing on a dead star quite low. Also read | Saturn's rings may have existed since the Solar System was created: Study If you’re still concerned about wishing upon a star that might no longer exist, Driessen suggests Alpha Centauri as a safe bet. Located just four light years away, Alpha Centauri is the closest star system to Earth. With three stars in the system, there’s no shortage of options for your wish to reach a star that’s still shining, and it will remain stable for a long time, as Science Alert notes. So next time you make a wish, rest assured that the star you're wishing on is likely still very much alive. (With inputs from agencies)

Experts reveal the truth about wishing on a star

A new study suggests that intelligence is determined by how the brain is wired, drawing parallels between brain function and internet connectivity. The research highlights the importance of brain networks in shaping cognitive abilities.

Study Compares Brain Function To The Internet, Defines Intelligence By Brain Wiring

A new study suggests that intelligence is determined by how the brain is wired, drawing parallels between brain function and internet connectivity. The research highlights the importance of brain networks in shaping cognitive abilities.



When you make a wish upon a star, it’s easy to imagine that the light you’re seeing may be ancient, perhaps from a star that has already burned out.&nbsp;

However, as per&nbsp;Science Alert, this idea is more myth than reality. Laura Nicole Driessen, a postdoctoral researcher in radio astronomy at the University of Sydney, explains that the stars we see in the night sky are likely still alive and shining brightly.

<h2>Stars are closer than you think</h2>

A common misconception is that the stars we wish upon are "millions of light years away." As Driessen explains, most of the stars we can see are actually much closer.

All visible stars are within our galaxy, the Milky Way, which is about 100,000 light-years across. The furthest stars visible to the naked eye are only about 74,000 light years away, as per Science Alert reports—far less than the "millions of light years" often cited.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/jupiters-most-volcanic-moon-io-doesnt-have-an-ocean-of-magma-beneath-it-study-784691">Jupiter's most&nbsp;volcanic moon Io doesn't have an ocean of magma beneath it: Study</a>

<h2>Stars live longer than you expect</h2>

Driessen points out that many visible stars, including those in the Yale Bright Star Catalogue, can live for billions of years. While some massive stars have shorter lifespans, lasting only a few hundred thousand years, many stars visible to us are "main sequence" stars, which live for billions of years. Even giant stars can last long enough for your wish to travel to them, says Driessen, making the likelihood of wishing on a dead star quite low.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/saturns-rings-may-have-existed-since-the-solar-system-was-created-study-784694">Saturn's rings may have existed since the Solar System was created: Study</a>

If you’re still concerned about wishing upon a star that might no longer exist, Driessen suggests Alpha Centauri as a safe bet. Located just four light years away, Alpha Centauri is the closest star system to Earth. With three stars in the system, there’s no shortage of options for your wish to reach a star that’s still shining, and it will remain stable for a long time, as Science Alert notes.

So next time you make a wish, rest assured that the star you're wishing on is likely still very much alive.

(With inputs from agencies)

When you make a wish upon a star, it’s easy to imagine that the light you’re seeing may be ancient, perhaps from a star that has already burned out. However, as per Science Alert, this idea is more myth than reality.

When you make a wish upon a star, it’s easy to imagine that the light you’re seeing may be ancient, perhaps from a star that has already burned out. However, as per Science Alert, this idea is more myth than reality. Laura Nicole Driessen, a postdoctoral researcher in radio astronomy at the University of Sydney, explains that the stars we see in the night sky are likely still alive and shining brightly. Stars are closer than you think A common misconception is that the stars we wish upon are "millions of light years away." As Driessen explains, most of the stars we can see are actually much closer. All visible stars are within our galaxy, the Milky Way, which is about 100,000 light-years across. The furthest stars visible to the naked eye are only about 74,000 light years away, as per Science Alert reports—far less than the "millions of light years" often cited. Also read | Jupiter's most volcanic moon Io doesn't have an ocean of magma beneath it: Study Stars live longer than you expect Driessen points out that many visible stars, including those in the Yale Bright Star Catalogue, can live for billions of years. While some massive stars have shorter lifespans, lasting only a few hundred thousand years, many stars visible to us are "main sequence" stars, which live for billions of years. Even giant stars can last long enough for your wish to travel to them, says Driessen, making the likelihood of wishing on a dead star quite low. Also read | Saturn's rings may have existed since the Solar System was created: Study If you’re still concerned about wishing upon a star that might no longer exist, Driessen suggests Alpha Centauri as a safe bet. Located just four light years away, Alpha Centauri is the closest star system to Earth. With three stars in the system, there’s no shortage of options for your wish to reach a star that’s still shining, and it will remain stable for a long time, as Science Alert notes. So next time you make a wish, rest assured that the star you're wishing on is likely still very much alive. (With inputs from agencies)

New Delhi, India
Scientists believed that Saturn did not always have rings and they had been created more than 100 to 400 million years ago. 
Now in a new study, researchers from the French National Centre for Scientific Research and the Institute of Science Tokyo have found that the rings of Saturn may not have been ancient but as old as the Solar System.
"Data from the Cassini spacecraft suggested the rings might be young because they appear so clean, and many people simply accepted that conclusion. However, our theoretical work now shows that a clean appearance does not necessarily mean the rings are young," said planetary scientist Ryuki Hyodo of the Institute of Science Tokyo, while speaking to ScienceAlert.
Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-warns-asteroids-2024-xy5-and-2024-xb6-race-toward-earth-but-are-they-really-a-threat-784185">NASA warns, asteroids 2024 XY5 and 2024 XB6 race toward Earth — but are they really a threat?</a>
"So, I think this is an important insight for guiding future planetary exploration missions; you better not be fooled by its first glance," he added. 
<h2>Saturn and its rings</h2>
In the Solar System, other giant planets also have rings, but they are not as majestic as that of Saturn.
The ethereal rings are present around Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, however, they are not visible till seen from the right wavelengths.
However, in the case of Saturn, its extensive rings define the planet. There is a high possibility that the rings could be a common phenomenon outside the Solar System because there are a large number of gas giant exoplanets present in the universe. 
Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/jeff-bezos-will-spend-100000000000-on-a-new-space-station-that-will-also-host-tourists-781639">Jeff Bezos will spend $100,000,000,000 on a new space station that will also host tourists</a>
If the rings of Saturn are relatively short-lived, they will last only a few hundred million years before they collapse. 
However, if the rings of Saturn exist for a longer duration, they will not have any implications on the Solar System. 
Scientists had assumed that the age of Saturn's rings is less on the basis of the absence of dust because of high-speed meteoroids' constant bombardment which slammed the ice and converted them to rings. 
(With inputs from agencies)

The age of Saturn's rings was assumed on the basis of the absence of dust which happened because of constant bombardment of high-speed meteoroids which slammed the ice and converted them to rings



New Delhi, India Scientists believed that Saturn did not always have rings and they had been created more than 100 to 400 million years ago. Now in a new study, researchers from the French National Centre for Scientific Research and the Institute of Science Tokyo have found that the rings of Saturn may not have been ancient but as old as the Solar System. "Data from the Cassini spacecraft suggested the rings might be young because they appear so clean, and many people simply accepted that conclusion. However, our theoretical work now shows that a clean appearance does not necessarily mean the rings are young," said planetary scientist Ryuki Hyodo of the Institute of Science Tokyo, while speaking to ScienceAlert. Also Read: NASA warns, asteroids 2024 XY5 and 2024 XB6 race toward Earth — but are they really a threat? "So, I think this is an important insight for guiding future planetary exploration missions; you better not be fooled by its first glance," he added. Saturn and its rings In the Solar System, other giant planets also have rings, but they are not as majestic as that of Saturn. The ethereal rings are present around Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, however, they are not visible till seen from the right wavelengths. However, in the case of Saturn, its extensive rings define the planet. There is a high possibility that the rings could be a common phenomenon outside the Solar System because there are a large number of gas giant exoplanets present in the universe. Also Read: Jeff Bezos will spend $100,000,000,000 on a new space station that will also host tourists If the rings of Saturn are relatively short-lived, they will last only a few hundred million years before they collapse. However, if the rings of Saturn exist for a longer duration, they will not have any implications on the Solar System. Scientists had assumed that the age of Saturn's rings is less on the basis of the absence of dust because of high-speed meteoroids' constant bombardment which slammed the ice and converted them to rings. (With inputs from agencies)

Saturn's rings may have existed since the Solar System was created: Study

New Delhi, India
In the entire Solar System, the most volcanic celestial body is Jupiter's moon Io. Extensive lava flows on this moon and is spread across its surface. There are nearly 400 volcanoes on it. 
However, in a new study, scientists have found that this geographical situation on the moon is not because of a global and moonwide ocean of magma that flows beneath the surface. 
An international team of researchers used images snapped by NASA's Juno spacecraft and also looked into the moon's historical data and gravitational measurements about tidal deformations of Io to determine that the volcanoes of the moon are powered by scattered magma chambers that are present in the solid mantle. 
The new findings have countered the earlier theories, which had said that the volcanoes of Io are powered by the mostly solid mantle of the moon. 
According to scientists, magma oceans are present in different worlds, especially during their earlier formation. This also includes our own Moon.
"Since Morabito's discovery, planetary scientists have wondered how the volcanoes were fed from the lava underneath the surface," said space physicist Scott Bolton, who is from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio.
Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-warns-asteroids-2024-xy5-and-2024-xb6-race-toward-earth-but-are-they-really-a-threat-784185">NASA warns, asteroids 2024 XY5 and 2024 XB6 race toward Earth — but are they really a threat?</a>
"Was there a shallow ocean of white-hot magma fuelling the volcanoes, or was their source more localised? We knew data from Juno's two very close flybys could give us some insights on how this tortured moon actually worked," he added. 
<h2>All about volcanic eruptions on Io</h2>
Jupiter's moon Io circles the planet every 42.5 hours and gets pulled and pushed by the massive gravitational forces present in the planet's elliptical orbit, which reshapes the moon constantly. 
This phenomenon is called tidal flexing and leads to the production of a huge amount of internal heat. 
In the new study, the deformations mentioned by the scientists are not enough to support the idea of the presence of a global magma ocean. 
Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/jeff-bezos-will-spend-100000000000-on-a-new-space-station-that-will-also-host-tourists-781639">Jeff Bezos will spend $100,000,000,000 on a new space station that will also host tourists</a>
"This constant flexing creates immense energy, which literally melts portions of Io's interior," Bolton said.
"If Io has a global magma ocean, we knew the signature of its tidal deformation would be much larger than a more rigid, mostly solid interior," he added.
The lava flows and eruptions on Jupiter's moon cover hundreds of kilometres of area. 
Speaking about the findings, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) astronautical engineer Ryan Park said, "It has implications for our understanding of other moons, such as Enceladus and Europa, and even exoplanets and super-Earths." 
(With inputs from agencies)

Jupiter's moon Io has extensive lava flowing across its surface and around 400 volcanoes on it 



New Delhi, India In the entire Solar System, the most volcanic celestial body is Jupiter's moon Io. Extensive lava flows on this moon and is spread across its surface. There are nearly 400 volcanoes on it. However, in a new study, scientists have found that this geographical situation on the moon is not because of a global and moonwide ocean of magma that flows beneath the surface. An international team of researchers used images snapped by NASA's Juno spacecraft and also looked into the moon's historical data and gravitational measurements about tidal deformations of Io to determine that the volcanoes of the moon are powered by scattered magma chambers that are present in the solid mantle. The new findings have countered the earlier theories, which had said that the volcanoes of Io are powered by the mostly solid mantle of the moon. According to scientists, magma oceans are present in different worlds, especially during their earlier formation. This also includes our own Moon. "Since Morabito's discovery, planetary scientists have wondered how the volcanoes were fed from the lava underneath the surface," said space physicist Scott Bolton, who is from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. Also Read: NASA warns, asteroids 2024 XY5 and 2024 XB6 race toward Earth — but are they really a threat? "Was there a shallow ocean of white-hot magma fuelling the volcanoes, or was their source more localised? We knew data from Juno's two very close flybys could give us some insights on how this tortured moon actually worked," he added. All about volcanic eruptions on Io Jupiter's moon Io circles the planet every 42.5 hours and gets pulled and pushed by the massive gravitational forces present in the planet's elliptical orbit, which reshapes the moon constantly. This phenomenon is called tidal flexing and leads to the production of a huge amount of internal heat. In the new study, the deformations mentioned by the scientists are not enough to support the idea of the presence of a global magma ocean. Also Read: Jeff Bezos will spend $100,000,000,000 on a new space station that will also host tourists "This constant flexing creates immense energy, which literally melts portions of Io's interior," Bolton said. "If Io has a global magma ocean, we knew the signature of its tidal deformation would be much larger than a more rigid, mostly solid interior," he added. The lava flows and eruptions on Jupiter's moon cover hundreds of kilometres of area. Speaking about the findings, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) astronautical engineer Ryan Park said, "It has implications for our understanding of other moons, such as Enceladus and Europa, and even exoplanets and super-Earths." (With inputs from agencies)

Jupiter's most volcanic moon Io doesn't have an ocean of magma beneath it: Study

Scientists believed that Saturn did not always have rings and they had been created more than&nbsp;100 to 400 million years ago.&nbsp;

Now in a new study, researchers from the French National Centre for Scientific Research&nbsp;and the Institute of Science Tokyo have found that the rings of Saturn may not have been ancient but as old as the Solar System.

"Data from the Cassini spacecraft suggested the rings might be young because they appear so clean, and many people simply accepted that conclusion. However, our theoretical work now shows that a clean appearance does not necessarily mean the rings are young," said planetary scientist&nbsp;Ryuki&nbsp;Hyodo of the Institute of Science Tokyo, while speaking to ScienceAlert.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-warns-asteroids-2024-xy5-and-2024-xb6-race-toward-earth-but-are-they-really-a-threat-784185">NASA warns, asteroids 2024 XY5 and 2024 XB6 race toward Earth — but are they really a threat?</a>

"So, I think this is an important insight for guiding future planetary exploration missions; you better not be fooled by its first glance," he added.&nbsp;

<h2>Saturn and its rings</h2>

In the Solar System, other giant planets also have rings, but they are not as majestic as that of Saturn.

The ethereal rings are present around Jupiter,&nbsp;Uranus, and Neptune, however, they are not visible till seen from the right wavelengths.

However, in the case of Saturn, its extensive rings define the planet. There is a high possibility that the rings could be a common phenomenon outside the Solar System because there are a large number of gas giant exoplanets present in the universe.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/jeff-bezos-will-spend-100000000000-on-a-new-space-station-that-will-also-host-tourists-781639">Jeff Bezos will spend $100,000,000,000 on a new space station that will also host tourists</a>

If the rings of Saturn are relatively short-lived, they will last only a few hundred million years&nbsp;before they collapse.&nbsp;

However, if the rings of Saturn exist for a longer duration, they will not have any implications on the Solar System.&nbsp;

Scientists had assumed that the age of Saturn's rings is less on the basis of the absence of dust because of high-speed meteoroids' constant bombardment which slammed the ice and converted them to rings.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists believed that Saturn did not always have rings and they had been created more than 100 to 400 million years ago. Now in a new study, researchers from the French National Centre for Scientific Research and the Institute of Science Tokyo have found that the rings of Saturn may not have been ancient but as old as the Solar System.

Scientists believed that Saturn did not always have rings and they had been created more than 100 to 400 million years ago. Now in a new study, researchers from the French National Centre for Scientific Research and the Institute of Science Tokyo have found that the rings of Saturn may not have been ancient but as old as the Solar System. "Data from the Cassini spacecraft suggested the rings might be young because they appear so clean, and many people simply accepted that conclusion. However, our theoretical work now shows that a clean appearance does not necessarily mean the rings are young," said planetary scientist Ryuki Hyodo of the Institute of Science Tokyo, while speaking to ScienceAlert. Also Read: NASA warns, asteroids 2024 XY5 and 2024 XB6 race toward Earth — but are they really a threat? "So, I think this is an important insight for guiding future planetary exploration missions; you better not be fooled by its first glance," he added. Saturn and its rings In the Solar System, other giant planets also have rings, but they are not as majestic as that of Saturn. The ethereal rings are present around Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, however, they are not visible till seen from the right wavelengths. However, in the case of Saturn, its extensive rings define the planet. There is a high possibility that the rings could be a common phenomenon outside the Solar System because there are a large number of gas giant exoplanets present in the universe. Also Read: Jeff Bezos will spend $100,000,000,000 on a new space station that will also host tourists If the rings of Saturn are relatively short-lived, they will last only a few hundred million years before they collapse. However, if the rings of Saturn exist for a longer duration, they will not have any implications on the Solar System. Scientists had assumed that the age of Saturn's rings is less on the basis of the absence of dust because of high-speed meteoroids' constant bombardment which slammed the ice and converted them to rings. (With inputs from agencies)

In the entire Solar System, the most volcanic celestial body is Jupiter's moon&nbsp;Io. Extensive lava flows on this moon&nbsp;and is spread across its surface. There are nearly 400 volcanoes on it.&nbsp;

However, in a new study, scientists have found that this geographical situation on the moon is not because of a global and moonwide ocean of magma that flows beneath the surface.&nbsp;

An international team of researchers used images snapped by NASA's&nbsp;Juno&nbsp;spacecraft and also looked into the moon's historical data and gravitational measurements about tidal deformations of Io to determine that the volcanoes of the moon are powered by scattered magma chambers that are present in the solid mantle.&nbsp;

The new findings have countered the earlier theories, which had said that the volcanoes of Io are powered by the mostly solid mantle of&nbsp;the moon.&nbsp;

According to scientists, magma oceans are present in different worlds, especially during their earlier formation. This also includes our own Moon.

"Since Morabito's discovery, planetary scientists have wondered how the volcanoes were fed from the lava underneath the surface,"&nbsp;said space physicist Scott Bolton, who is from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-warns-asteroids-2024-xy5-and-2024-xb6-race-toward-earth-but-are-they-really-a-threat-784185">NASA warns, asteroids 2024 XY5 and 2024 XB6 race toward Earth — but are they really a threat?</a>

"Was there a shallow ocean of white-hot magma fuelling the volcanoes, or was their source more localised? We knew data from Juno's two very close flybys could give us some insights on how this tortured moon actually worked," he added.&nbsp;

<h2>All about volcanic eruptions on Io</h2>

Jupiter's moon Io circles the planet every 42.5 hours and gets pulled and pushed by the massive gravitational forces present in the planet's elliptical orbit, which reshapes the moon constantly.&nbsp;

This phenomenon is called tidal flexing and leads to the production of a huge amount of internal heat.&nbsp;

In the new study, the deformations mentioned by the scientists are not enough to support the idea of the presence of a global magma ocean.&nbsp;

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"This constant flexing creates immense energy, which literally melts portions of Io's interior,"&nbsp;Bolton said.

"If Io has a global magma ocean, we knew the signature of its tidal deformation would be much larger than a more rigid, mostly solid interior," he added.

The lava flows and eruptions on Jupiter's moon cover hundreds of kilometres of area.&nbsp;

Speaking about the findings, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) astronautical engineer Ryan Park said, "It has implications for our understanding of other moons, such as Enceladus and Europa, and even exoplanets and super-Earths."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In the entire Solar System, the most volcanic celestial body is Jupiter's moon Io. Extensive lava flows on this moon and is spread across its surface. There are nearly 400 volcanoes on it.

In the entire Solar System, the most volcanic celestial body is Jupiter's moon Io. Extensive lava flows on this moon and is spread across its surface. There are nearly 400 volcanoes on it. However, in a new study, scientists have found that this geographical situation on the moon is not because of a global and moonwide ocean of magma that flows beneath the surface. An international team of researchers used images snapped by NASA's Juno spacecraft and also looked into the moon's historical data and gravitational measurements about tidal deformations of Io to determine that the volcanoes of the moon are powered by scattered magma chambers that are present in the solid mantle. The new findings have countered the earlier theories, which had said that the volcanoes of Io are powered by the mostly solid mantle of the moon. According to scientists, magma oceans are present in different worlds, especially during their earlier formation. This also includes our own Moon. "Since Morabito's discovery, planetary scientists have wondered how the volcanoes were fed from the lava underneath the surface," said space physicist Scott Bolton, who is from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. Also Read: NASA warns, asteroids 2024 XY5 and 2024 XB6 race toward Earth — but are they really a threat? "Was there a shallow ocean of white-hot magma fuelling the volcanoes, or was their source more localised? We knew data from Juno's two very close flybys could give us some insights on how this tortured moon actually worked," he added. All about volcanic eruptions on Io Jupiter's moon Io circles the planet every 42.5 hours and gets pulled and pushed by the massive gravitational forces present in the planet's elliptical orbit, which reshapes the moon constantly. This phenomenon is called tidal flexing and leads to the production of a huge amount of internal heat. In the new study, the deformations mentioned by the scientists are not enough to support the idea of the presence of a global magma ocean. Also Read: Jeff Bezos will spend $100,000,000,000 on a new space station that will also host tourists "This constant flexing creates immense energy, which literally melts portions of Io's interior," Bolton said. "If Io has a global magma ocean, we knew the signature of its tidal deformation would be much larger than a more rigid, mostly solid interior," he added. The lava flows and eruptions on Jupiter's moon cover hundreds of kilometres of area. Speaking about the findings, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) astronautical engineer Ryan Park said, "It has implications for our understanding of other moons, such as Enceladus and Europa, and even exoplanets and super-Earths." (With inputs from agencies)

Researchers have recovered the oldest known DNA from modern humans in Europe, unearthing a mysterious and extinct branch of the human family tree. These early Homo sapiens arrived over 45,000 years ago, intermixed with Neanderthals, and left no surviving descendants. &nbsp;

Ancient bones found in German cave &nbsp;

The groundbreaking discovery stems from 13 bone fragments found in a cave beneath a medieval castle in Ranis, Germany. These remains belonged to six individuals, including a mother, her daughter and distant relatives, forming part of a pioneering population of early humans that ultimately vanished. &nbsp;

Published in the journal Nature on Thursday (Dec 12), the study was conducted by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in collaboration with the University of Reading and the University of Bristol. &nbsp;

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Clues from Neanderthal ancestry &nbsp;

The genetic analysis revealed that these ancient humans carried about 2.9 per cent Neanderthal DNA, a level similar to that of modern humans. The mixing likely occurred 1,500 years earlier when Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa and encountered Neanderthals living in Eurasia. &nbsp;

&nbsp;Vanished Chapter of Humanity &nbsp;

This group of early Europeans included individuals who shared ancestry with another ancient human from Zlatý kůň in the Czech Republic, whose DNA was sequenced in a previous study. Together, they formed part of a population that disappeared, leaving no genetic trace in people alive today. &nbsp;

According to researchers, these humans likely had dark skin, dark hair and brown eyes, reflecting their recent African origins. &nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/omega-6-fatty-acids-decreasing-ability-to-fight-against-cancer-cells-warns-study-783456">Omega-6 fatty acid decreasing ability to fight against cancer cells, warns study</a>

An ancient human population, to which the Ranis family group belonged, eventually vanished without leaving any genetic traces in modern humans. Other ancient lineages, including Neanderthals, also went extinct around 40,000 years ago. &nbsp;

Johannes Krause, director of archaeogenetics at the Max Planck Institute, noted that these findings suggest Homo sapiens may not have played a role in the extinction of Neanderthals, challenging long-held assumptions about human history. 
&nbsp;&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Researchers have recovered the oldest known DNA from modern humans in Europe, unearthing a mysterious and extinct branch of the human family tree. These early Homo sapiens arrived over 45,000 years ago, intermixed with Neanderthals, and left no surviving descendants.

Researchers have recovered the oldest known DNA from modern humans in Europe, unearthing a mysterious and extinct branch of the human family tree. These early Homo sapiens arrived over 45,000 years ago, intermixed with Neanderthals, and left no surviving descendants. Ancient bones found in German cave The groundbreaking discovery stems from 13 bone fragments found in a cave beneath a medieval castle in Ranis, Germany. These remains belonged to six individuals, including a mother, her daughter and distant relatives, forming part of a pioneering population of early humans that ultimately vanished. Published in the journal Nature on Thursday (Dec 12), the study was conducted by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in collaboration with the University of Reading and the University of Bristol. Also read | Krispy Kreme confirms cybersecurity breach, online ordering disrupted across US Clues from Neanderthal ancestry The genetic analysis revealed that these ancient humans carried about 2.9 per cent Neanderthal DNA, a level similar to that of modern humans. The mixing likely occurred 1,500 years earlier when Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa and encountered Neanderthals living in Eurasia. Vanished Chapter of Humanity This group of early Europeans included individuals who shared ancestry with another ancient human from Zlatý kůň in the Czech Republic, whose DNA was sequenced in a previous study. Together, they formed part of a population that disappeared, leaving no genetic trace in people alive today. According to researchers, these humans likely had dark skin, dark hair and brown eyes, reflecting their recent African origins. Also read | Omega-6 fatty acid decreasing ability to fight against cancer cells, warns study An ancient human population, to which the Ranis family group belonged, eventually vanished without leaving any genetic traces in modern humans. Other ancient lineages, including Neanderthals, also went extinct around 40,000 years ago. Johannes Krause, director of archaeogenetics at the Max Planck Institute, noted that these findings suggest Homo sapiens may not have played a role in the extinction of Neanderthals, challenging long-held assumptions about human history. (With inputs from agencies)

Oldest Human DNA reveals a lost branch of early humans in Europe

As per a new study, the food you are consuming may have been badly affecting the ability of the body to fight cancer cells present in the colon. The overconsumption of a certain kind of omega-6 fatty acids, which is most probably becoming a part of the diet because of ultra-processed foods, is most likely hindering tumour-fighting and anti-inflammatory properties of essential fatty acid omega-3.

As per a new study, the food you are consuming may have been badly affecting the ability of the body to fight cancer cells present in the colon. The overconsumption of a certain kind of omega-6 fatty acids, which is most probably becoming a part of the diet because of ultra-processed foods, is most likely hindering tumour-fighting and anti-inflammatory properties of essential fatty acid omega-3. “There are mutations every day in the GI (gastrointestinal) tract, and normally they’re quashed right away by the immune system with the help of molecules or mediators from omega-3s,” said Dr Timothy Yeatman, who is the study's senior co-author which was published on Tuesday (Dec 10). Also Read: Killer dumplings? Woman dies after eating momo, 15 others suffer food poisoning The study has been published in Gut, the journal of the British Society of Gastroenterology . “But if you have a body subjected to years of a chronic inflammatory milieu created by an imbalance of omega-6s, the type commonly found in ultra-processed and junk foods, I believe it’s easier for a mutation to take hold and harder for the body to fight it,” said Yeatman, who is a professor at the Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute. Omega-6 fatty acids dominate the Western diet? As per experts, a Western diet is filled with omega-6 fatty acids because of seed oils used to prepare it and 70 per cent of the food supply in the United States is dominated by ultra-processed foods. Watch: UK Government's Restriction On Junk Food Advertisements Before 9 PM Linoleic acid, which is an omega-6 fatty acid that is available in sunflower, corn, peanut, soybean and safflower oils, is the most common omega-6 present in the food supply of the US. “It’s a leap to say that omega-6s from ultra-processed foods are the cause. Americans have few omega-3s because they dislike fatty fish such as mackerel, herring and sardines, which are great sources,” said Dr. Bill Harris, who is a professor at the University of South Dakota, while speaking to CNN. “Don’t blame the omega-6s, it’s not their fault — it’s the lack of omega-3 fatty acids that’s the problem,” he added. (With inputs from agencies)

Omega-6 fatty acid decreasing ability to fight against cancer cells, warns study

Three-quarters of Earth’s land has become permanently drier in the last three decades, according to a recent research by the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), which was published on Monday, December 9.

According to the report, drylands now make up 40 per cent of the world’s land, excluding Antarctica. Those areas have turned from humid regions to arid ones, where agricultural activities are no longer possible.

Drylands are regions where most of the rainfall water is lost to evaporation, while only a small 10 per cent is left for the vegetation. According to the study, two-thirds of the land on earth will retain less water by midcentury.

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The scientists discovered that the growing aridity between the years 1990 and 2015 in Africa has resulted in a 12 per cent loss in its GDP. In particular, some crops like maize are significantly affected, with yields projected to be halved in Kenya by 2050.

It is predicted that in the next half decade, Africa will see a decline of 16 per cent of its GDP while Asia will witness about 7 per cent.

“Unlike droughts—temporary periods of low rainfall—aridity represents a permanent, unrelenting transformation,” said Ibrahim Thiaw, executive secretary of the UN convention to combat desertification (UNCCD).

“Droughts end. When an area’s climate becomes drier, however, the ability to return to previous conditions is lost. The drier climates now affecting vast lands across the globe will not return to how they were, and this change is redefining life on Earth.”

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A global conference under the UNCCD in Saudi Arabia’s Riyadh that will conclude on Friday, December 13, is halfway through. Despite being one of the world’s most arid countries and a driving force for desertification across the world, Saudi Arabia has shown reluctance till now, including at the UN framework convention on climate change conference of the parties (Cop) in Azerbaijan the previous month.

According to the report by UNCCD Science-Policy Interface (SPI), the UN body for assessing the science of land degradation and drought, human-caused climate change is the primary driver of this shift as the world fails to tackle the greenhouse gas emissions, intensive agriculture, and other human activities. This leads to warming of the planet and affects the rainfall, plant life, and evaporation, leading to increased aridity.

As of 2020, about 30 per cent of the world’s population, which is 2.3 billion people, lived in dryland areas, according to UN SPI. By 2100, the number is expected to double if the carbon emissions are not controlled.

(With inputs from agencies)

Three-quarters of Earth’s land has become permanently drier in the last three decades, according to a recent research by the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), which was published on Monday, December 9.

Three-quarters of Earth’s land has become permanently drier in the last three decades, according to a recent research by the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), which was published on Monday, December 9. According to the report, drylands now make up 40 per cent of the world’s land, excluding Antarctica. Those areas have turned from humid regions to arid ones, where agricultural activities are no longer possible. Drylands are regions where most of the rainfall water is lost to evaporation, while only a small 10 per cent is left for the vegetation. According to the study, two-thirds of the land on earth will retain less water by midcentury. Also read | Asteroid that hit US had a surprising effect on Earth, study finds The scientists discovered that the growing aridity between the years 1990 and 2015 in Africa has resulted in a 12 per cent loss in its GDP. In particular, some crops like maize are significantly affected, with yields projected to be halved in Kenya by 2050. It is predicted that in the next half decade, Africa will see a decline of 16 per cent of its GDP while Asia will witness about 7 per cent. “Unlike droughts—temporary periods of low rainfall—aridity represents a permanent, unrelenting transformation,” said Ibrahim Thiaw, executive secretary of the UN convention to combat desertification (UNCCD). “Droughts end. When an area’s climate becomes drier, however, the ability to return to previous conditions is lost. The drier climates now affecting vast lands across the globe will not return to how they were, and this change is redefining life on Earth.” Also read | Scientists discover abnormally large skull of 'lost' human species in Asia A global conference under the UNCCD in Saudi Arabia’s Riyadh that will conclude on Friday, December 13, is halfway through. Despite being one of the world’s most arid countries and a driving force for desertification across the world, Saudi Arabia has shown reluctance till now, including at the UN framework convention on climate change conference of the parties (Cop) in Azerbaijan the previous month. According to the report by UNCCD Science-Policy Interface (SPI), the UN body for assessing the science of land degradation and drought, human-caused climate change is the primary driver of this shift as the world fails to tackle the greenhouse gas emissions, intensive agriculture, and other human activities. This leads to warming of the planet and affects the rainfall, plant life, and evaporation, leading to increased aridity. As of 2020, about 30 per cent of the world’s population, which is 2.3 billion people, lived in dryland areas, according to UN SPI. By 2100, the number is expected to double if the carbon emissions are not controlled. (With inputs from agencies)

Three-quarters of the Earth’s land has become permanently drier, says UN report

A recent study indicates a worrying trend: high temperatures, which traditionally have been a major risk factor for older adults, are now becoming a major new threat to people under 35. Due to global warming, scientists warn that young people will face more heatwaves than previously&nbsp;anticipated, as climate change amplifies heat intensity.&nbsp;

<meta charset="utf-8" />

<h2 dir="ltr">A rising threat for younger generations</h2>

A study led by Andrew Wilson of Columbia University highlights that&nbsp;failure to drastically cut greenhouse gas emissions would bring about a 32% increase in heat-related deaths among those under the age of 35 by the end of the century. "Most discussions of heat vulnerability focus on the elderly, but we found that younger people bear the brunt of heat mortality," Wilson said. "We didn’t expect this."

<h2 dir="ltr">Shift in mortality patterns</h2>

Between the years 2000 and 2019, studies conducted in Mexico showed that 75% of heat related deaths are of people below the age of 35 years, whereas cold-related deaths predominantly affected those aged above 50 years. In a recent research work published by Science Advances, it was further established that this same phenomenon could manifest itself in developed countries such as the US and those in Europe, as climate change takes its course.&nbsp;

According to Wilson, "We are finding that cold-related deaths would decline, especially among older individuals, whereas heat-related deaths would increase, particularly in younger people."&nbsp;

Also Read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/extreme-heat-caused-70000-excess-deaths-in-europe-in-2022-study-661438">&nbsp;Extreme heat caused 70,000 excess deaths in Europe in 2022: Study</a>

<h2 dir="ltr">Measures to decrease the risk</h2>

Researchers, including Sameed Khatana of Penn Medicine, assert&nbsp;that focused strategies need to be put in place to safeguard young ones from heat. "We need to consider strategies like work breaks for people in hot environments and rescheduling outdoor activities, such as sports events, during extreme heat," Khatana said. 
 
Watch:&nbsp;Thailand Heatwave: Death toll from heat rises across Thailand 
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<h2>Urgent action required</h2>

The research calls for urgent action as the climate crisis intensifies. Without significant cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, heatwaves will affect children much more, increasing preventable deaths. Immediate steps are needed to reduce exposure and protect vulnerable population from the deadly impacts of rising temperatures. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

A recent study indicates a worrying trend: high temperatures, which traditionally have been a major risk factor for older adults, are now becoming a major new threat to people under 35.

A recent study indicates a worrying trend: high temperatures, which traditionally have been a major risk factor for older adults, are now becoming a major new threat to people under 35. Due to global warming, scientists warn that young people will face more heatwaves than previously anticipated, as climate change amplifies heat intensity. A rising threat for younger generations A study led by Andrew Wilson of Columbia University highlights that failure to drastically cut greenhouse gas emissions would bring about a 32% increase in heat-related deaths among those under the age of 35 by the end of the century. "Most discussions of heat vulnerability focus on the elderly, but we found that younger people bear the brunt of heat mortality," Wilson said. "We didn’t expect this." Shift in mortality patterns Between the years 2000 and 2019, studies conducted in Mexico showed that 75% of heat related deaths are of people below the age of 35 years, whereas cold-related deaths predominantly affected those aged above 50 years. In a recent research work published by Science Advances, it was further established that this same phenomenon could manifest itself in developed countries such as the US and those in Europe, as climate change takes its course. According to Wilson, "We are finding that cold-related deaths would decline, especially among older individuals, whereas heat-related deaths would increase, particularly in younger people." Also Read: Extreme heat caused 70,000 excess deaths in Europe in 2022: Study Measures to decrease the risk Researchers, including Sameed Khatana of Penn Medicine, assert that focused strategies need to be put in place to safeguard young ones from heat. "We need to consider strategies like work breaks for people in hot environments and rescheduling outdoor activities, such as sports events, during extreme heat," Khatana said. Watch: Thailand Heatwave: Death toll from heat rises across Thailand × Urgent action required The research calls for urgent action as the climate crisis intensifies. Without significant cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, heatwaves will affect children much more, increasing preventable deaths. Immediate steps are needed to reduce exposure and protect vulnerable population from the deadly impacts of rising temperatures. (With inputs from agencies)

Extreme heat will lead to surge in deaths among people under 35 by 2100: Study warns

China may soon offer passengers a seamless experience by offering them 5G connectivity to watch ultra-high-definition videos or enjoy online gaming on their smartphones while travelling in high-speed trains at 1,000 km/h (621 mph)

The new generation of trains in China will travel through near-vacuum times with magnetic levitation and run faster than commercial airlines.

Currently, the high-speed trains offering 5G networks operate at 350 km/h, even through long tunnels. However, the challenge arises while travelling at near-sonic speeds and staying connected to mobile phones at the same time. This is because the frequency of the signal changes while travelling at high speeds, disrupting data communication. Moreover, the base stations cannot be installed close to the tubes, which may pose a threat to the rapidly moving train.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/we-have-to-fight-together-to-prevent-war-taiwans-lai-says-in-us-780621">We have to 'fight together to prevent war', Taiwan's Lai says in US</a>

The research team at the National Key Laboratory of Mobile Communications at Southeast University discovered that laying two parallel cables on the inner wall can “leak” electromagnetic signals and help in maintaining a stable connection between smartphones and service providers.

Additionally, the team led by Professor Song Tiecheng found that efficient codes can be used to solve the issue of disturbances in the frequency changes. This method has been verified by computer models for maintaining 5G communication quality during travel. The paper was published in the journal Railway Signalling &amp; Communication last month.

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China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation engineers were also part of the research and have built the world’s largest research centre for vacuum-tube maglev trains in Datong, Shanxi province. They have started high-speed propulsion on the prototype projects. Many Chinese cities are awaiting permission from Beijing to build the first commercial vacuum tube maglev line.&nbsp;

This “hyperloop” was first proposed by SpaceX founder Elon Musk. This technology can also be used in spacecraft and help lower the cost. However, Musk did not continue the project due to technological and financial constraints.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

China may soon offer passengers a seamless experience by offering them 5G connectivity to watch ultra-high-definition videos or enjoy online gaming on their smartphones while travelling in high-speed trains at 1,000 km/h (621 mph) The new generation of trains in China will travel through near-vacuum times with magnetic levitation and run faster than commercial airlines.

China may soon offer passengers a seamless experience by offering them 5G connectivity to watch ultra-high-definition videos or enjoy online gaming on their smartphones while travelling in high-speed trains at 1,000 km/h (621 mph) The new generation of trains in China will travel through near-vacuum times with magnetic levitation and run faster than commercial airlines. Currently, the high-speed trains offering 5G networks operate at 350 km/h, even through long tunnels. However, the challenge arises while travelling at near-sonic speeds and staying connected to mobile phones at the same time. This is because the frequency of the signal changes while travelling at high speeds, disrupting data communication. Moreover, the base stations cannot be installed close to the tubes, which may pose a threat to the rapidly moving train. Also read | We have to 'fight together to prevent war', Taiwan's Lai says in US The research team at the National Key Laboratory of Mobile Communications at Southeast University discovered that laying two parallel cables on the inner wall can “leak” electromagnetic signals and help in maintaining a stable connection between smartphones and service providers. Additionally, the team led by Professor Song Tiecheng found that efficient codes can be used to solve the issue of disturbances in the frequency changes. This method has been verified by computer models for maintaining 5G communication quality during travel. The paper was published in the journal Railway Signalling & Communication last month. Also read | South Korean man gained 20kgs to avoid military service. He has been jailed China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation engineers were also part of the research and have built the world’s largest research centre for vacuum-tube maglev trains in Datong, Shanxi province. They have started high-speed propulsion on the prototype projects. Many Chinese cities are awaiting permission from Beijing to build the first commercial vacuum tube maglev line. This “hyperloop” was first proposed by SpaceX founder Elon Musk. This technology can also be used in spacecraft and help lower the cost. However, Musk did not continue the project due to technological and financial constraints. (With inputs from agencies)

China: Passengers may experience 5G connectivity in 1,000km/h trains, says study

In 2020, the world was shocked by the unexplained deaths of 350 elephants in Botswana’s Okavango Delta. While initial investigations ruled out poaching, the exact cause remained elusive for months. A new study led by King’s College London now provides the strongest evidence yet that toxic algae, likely driven by climate change, were responsible for the mass die-off.

The research, conducted by PhD student Davide Lomeo and co-supervised by Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) and the Natural History Museum, points to toxic blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, as the primary suspect. These algae bloomed in watering holes after a year of heavy rainfall followed by dry ones, creating a toxic environment for the elephants.

<h2>The tragic event</h2>

The elephants’ carcasses were discovered in the Okavango Delta in May and June 2020. At first, poaching was ruled out, and scientists began investigating other possible causes. While the presence of toxic algae was suspected, a lack of samples due to COVID-19 restrictions made confirmation difficult at the time.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/a-35-cent-banana-was-sold-for-62mn-the-artist-didnt-even-offer-to-help-the-poor-vendor-780197">A 35-cent banana was sold for $6.2mn. The artist didn't even offer to help the poor vendor</a>

<h2>Study analyses 3,000 waterholes</h2>

In their recent study, published in Science of The Total Environment, researchers used satellite data to examine the distribution of elephant carcasses and compare it to the locations of waterholes across the region. The team analysed over 3,000 waterholes and found that those affected by large algae blooms in 2020 had a higher concentration of elephant carcasses nearby.&nbsp;

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The researchers concluded that the elephants, after drinking from the contaminated watering holes, typically travelled more than 100 kilometres before succumbing to poisoning, usually within 88 hours of drinking the toxic water.&nbsp;

While similar deaths of elephants in Zimbabwe raised questions about the role of toxins, the new study strongly supports the theory that cyanobacteria in Botswana’s water holes were responsible for the mass die-off.

(With inputs from agencies)

In 2020, the world was shocked by the unexplained deaths of 350 elephants in Botswana’s Okavango Delta. While initial investigations ruled out poaching, the exact cause remained elusive for months.

In 2020, the world was shocked by the unexplained deaths of 350 elephants in Botswana’s Okavango Delta. While initial investigations ruled out poaching, the exact cause remained elusive for months. A new study led by King’s College London now provides the strongest evidence yet that toxic algae, likely driven by climate change, were responsible for the mass die-off. The research, conducted by PhD student Davide Lomeo and co-supervised by Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) and the Natural History Museum, points to toxic blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, as the primary suspect. These algae bloomed in watering holes after a year of heavy rainfall followed by dry ones, creating a toxic environment for the elephants. The tragic event The elephants’ carcasses were discovered in the Okavango Delta in May and June 2020. At first, poaching was ruled out, and scientists began investigating other possible causes. While the presence of toxic algae was suspected, a lack of samples due to COVID-19 restrictions made confirmation difficult at the time. Also read | A 35-cent banana was sold for $6.2mn. The artist didn't even offer to help the poor vendor Study analyses 3,000 waterholes In their recent study, published in Science of The Total Environment, researchers used satellite data to examine the distribution of elephant carcasses and compare it to the locations of waterholes across the region. The team analysed over 3,000 waterholes and found that those affected by large algae blooms in 2020 had a higher concentration of elephant carcasses nearby. Also read | Watch: Pilot airdrops frozen turkeys in remote Alaska on Thanksgiving The researchers concluded that the elephants, after drinking from the contaminated watering holes, typically travelled more than 100 kilometres before succumbing to poisoning, usually within 88 hours of drinking the toxic water. While similar deaths of elephants in Zimbabwe raised questions about the role of toxins, the new study strongly supports the theory that cyanobacteria in Botswana’s water holes were responsible for the mass die-off. (With inputs from agencies)

Study finds toxic algae responsible for mass elephant deaths in Botswana

A new study has revealed that pollution caused by wildfires and landscape fires is responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths worldwide each year. The research, published in the Lancet magazine, shows the dangerous health impacts of air pollution from wildfires, including major agricultural burning events similar to&nbsp;those seen in northern India during the winter months.&nbsp;

<h2>Global death toll from landscape fires</h2>

On a global scale, the study suggests that landscape fires contribute to more than 1.53 million deaths each year. Countries like China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, and Nigeria also face severe health impacts from these fires.&nbsp;

The study, led by Yuming Guo from Monash University in Melbourne, is the first of its kind to assess the direct health risks of wildfire and bushfire pollution. It focuses particularly on the health dangers of PM2.5, the fine particles released during wildfires, which can adversely affect lung function and increase the risk of heart disease.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/footprints-in-sand-made-15-million-years-ago-reveal-something-shockingly-unexpected-780217">Footprints in sand made 1.5 million years ago reveal something shockingly unexpected</a>

<h2>Wildfire pollution linked to over 120,000 deaths in India annually</h2>

According to the study, landscape fires, which include forest fires, agricultural burning and grassland fires, are a significant cause of air pollution. In India, the pollution from these fires has been linked to an estimated 120,000 deaths each year on average over a 20-year period from 2000 to 2019. This type of air pollution is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, which are often aggravated by the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) released during these fires.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/a-35-cent-banana-was-sold-for-62mn-the-artist-didnt-even-offer-to-help-the-poor-vendor-780197">A 35-cent banana was sold for $6.2mn. The artist didn't even offer to help the poor vendor</a>

<h2>The role of black carbon and fine particles</h2>

Prakash Doraiswamy, Director of Air Quality at the World Resources Institute in India, explained that large-scale fire events, such as forest and agricultural fires have serious health, air quality and climate implications. He highlighted that these fires release significant amounts of black carbon and other harmful particles into the air. "Fine particles have been linked to multiple health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular impacts. Given the magnitude of large-scale fire events, air quality impacts are observed 100s of kilometres downwind," Doraiswamy said.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has revealed that pollution caused by wildfires and landscape fires is responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths worldwide each year. The research, published in the Lancet magazine, shows the dangerous health impacts of air pollution from wildfires, including major agricultural burning events similar to those seen in northern India during the winter months.

A new study has revealed that pollution caused by wildfires and landscape fires is responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths worldwide each year. The research, published in the Lancet magazine, shows the dangerous health impacts of air pollution from wildfires, including major agricultural burning events similar to those seen in northern India during the winter months. Global death toll from landscape fires On a global scale, the study suggests that landscape fires contribute to more than 1.53 million deaths each year. Countries like China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, and Nigeria also face severe health impacts from these fires. The study, led by Yuming Guo from Monash University in Melbourne, is the first of its kind to assess the direct health risks of wildfire and bushfire pollution. It focuses particularly on the health dangers of PM2.5, the fine particles released during wildfires, which can adversely affect lung function and increase the risk of heart disease. Also read | Footprints in sand made 1.5 million years ago reveal something shockingly unexpected Wildfire pollution linked to over 120,000 deaths in India annually According to the study, landscape fires, which include forest fires, agricultural burning and grassland fires, are a significant cause of air pollution. In India, the pollution from these fires has been linked to an estimated 120,000 deaths each year on average over a 20-year period from 2000 to 2019. This type of air pollution is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, which are often aggravated by the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) released during these fires. Also read | A 35-cent banana was sold for $6.2mn. The artist didn't even offer to help the poor vendor The role of black carbon and fine particles Prakash Doraiswamy, Director of Air Quality at the World Resources Institute in India, explained that large-scale fire events, such as forest and agricultural fires have serious health, air quality and climate implications. He highlighted that these fires release significant amounts of black carbon and other harmful particles into the air. "Fine particles have been linked to multiple health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular impacts. Given the magnitude of large-scale fire events, air quality impacts are observed 100s of kilometres downwind," Doraiswamy said. (With inputs from agencies)

Over 1.5 million lives lost each year due to wildfire pollution, new research shows

Cold coffee is perking up in the U.S-- fueling a shift in consumer habits that’s brewing up big business. In 2023, Americans spent a whopping $17.7 billion on iced coffee, cold brew, and frozen coffee drinks—more than double what was spent in 2016.Watch in for more details!

Hot Or Cold?: The Latest Trends In Coffee

As the Indian Capital, Delhi, suffocates under a blanket of smog blamed on stubble burning, a new study has revealed that thermal power plants emit 16 times more pollution.

The study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) has revealed coal-fired thermal power plants in the National Capital Region (NCR) produce 16 times more air pollutants than stubble burning.

<h2>The scale of emissions</h2>

Between June 2022 and May 2023, NCR thermal power plants released 281 kilotonnes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), while the burning of 8.9 million tonnes of paddy straw contributed just 17.8 kilotonnes of SO2.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/delhi-ncr-on-high-alert-grap-iv-anti-pollution-measures-to-kick-in-as-air-quality-hits-severe-plus-776892">Stricter GRAP-IV anti-pollution measures kick in as Delhi air quality deteriorates to ‘severe plus’ category</a>

"A comparison between NCR thermal power plant emissions and paddy straw burning emissions in Punjab and Haryana highlights the scale of SO2 pollution. Thermal power plants in NCR emit 281 kilotonnes of SO2 annually—16 times more than the 17.8 kilotonnes emitted by burning 8.9 million tonnes of paddy straw," notes the study.

The report notes that thermal power plants are a "year-round" pollution source.

"While paddy straw burning causes seasonal spikes, thermal power plants represent a larger, persistent pollution source year-round, underscoring the need for stricter controls on thermal power plant emissions. Yet, thermal power plants often receive leniency and repeated compliance extensions, especially for installing FGDs, whereas stubble burning is heavily penalised, with strict enforcement on farmers during the burning season."

<h2>What can be done? &nbsp;</h2>

The CREA study highlights the potential of flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) technology to reduce emissions by 67 per cent, bringing SO2 levels in NCR thermal plants down to 93 kilotonnes annually.&nbsp;

"Over 96 per cent of particulate pollution from coal-fired power plants in the NCR is secondary in nature, primarily originating from SO2. Reducing SO2 emissions can significantly decrease the secondary particulate matter load, thereby reducing the health risks associated with prolonged exposure to these particles," explained Manoj Kumar, an analyst at CREA. &nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/delhi-smothered-in-smog-as-aqi-remains-at-severe-levels-mumbai-records-moderate-air-quality-776841">Delhi smothered in smog with 'severe' AQI level; Mumbai records 'moderate' air quality</a>

"SO2 levels often meet the NAAQS because, once released, it quickly transforms into sulfates—secondary particles that are major components of PM2.5. These secondary particles have a longer lifetime and pose serious health risks. This hidden transformation of SO2 into harmful particles emphasises the necessity for FGD installation," he added.

While thermal plants are a significant source of pollution, vehicular emissions accounted for 15.8 per cent of Delhi’s pollution on Sunday, according to the government’s Decision Support System for Air Quality Management. Meanwhile, stubble burning spiked on Saturday, contributing 25 per cent of the city's pollution.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

As the Indian Capital, Delhi, suffocates under a blanket of smog blamed on stubble burning, a new study has revealed that thermal power plants emit 16 times more pollution.

As the Indian Capital, Delhi, suffocates under a blanket of smog blamed on stubble burning, a new study has revealed that thermal power plants emit 16 times more pollution. The study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) has revealed coal-fired thermal power plants in the National Capital Region (NCR) produce 16 times more air pollutants than stubble burning. The scale of emissions Between June 2022 and May 2023, NCR thermal power plants released 281 kilotonnes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), while the burning of 8.9 million tonnes of paddy straw contributed just 17.8 kilotonnes of SO2. Also read | Stricter GRAP-IV anti-pollution measures kick in as Delhi air quality deteriorates to ‘severe plus’ category "A comparison between NCR thermal power plant emissions and paddy straw burning emissions in Punjab and Haryana highlights the scale of SO2 pollution. Thermal power plants in NCR emit 281 kilotonnes of SO2 annually—16 times more than the 17.8 kilotonnes emitted by burning 8.9 million tonnes of paddy straw," notes the study. The report notes that thermal power plants are a "year-round" pollution source. "While paddy straw burning causes seasonal spikes, thermal power plants represent a larger, persistent pollution source year-round, underscoring the need for stricter controls on thermal power plant emissions. Yet, thermal power plants often receive leniency and repeated compliance extensions, especially for installing FGDs, whereas stubble burning is heavily penalised, with strict enforcement on farmers during the burning season." What can be done? The CREA study highlights the potential of flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) technology to reduce emissions by 67 per cent, bringing SO2 levels in NCR thermal plants down to 93 kilotonnes annually. "Over 96 per cent of particulate pollution from coal-fired power plants in the NCR is secondary in nature, primarily originating from SO2. Reducing SO2 emissions can significantly decrease the secondary particulate matter load, thereby reducing the health risks associated with prolonged exposure to these particles," explained Manoj Kumar, an analyst at CREA. Also read | Delhi smothered in smog with 'severe' AQI level; Mumbai records 'moderate' air quality "SO2 levels often meet the NAAQS because, once released, it quickly transforms into sulfates—secondary particles that are major components of PM2.5. These secondary particles have a longer lifetime and pose serious health risks. This hidden transformation of SO2 into harmful particles emphasises the necessity for FGD installation," he added. While thermal plants are a significant source of pollution, vehicular emissions accounted for 15.8 per cent of Delhi’s pollution on Sunday, according to the government’s Decision Support System for Air Quality Management. Meanwhile, stubble burning spiked on Saturday, contributing 25 per cent of the city's pollution. (With inputs from agencies)

Thermal power plants emit 16 times more pollution than stubble burning: Study  

In a new shocking study, researchers have discovered that the centuries-old linen cloth "Shroud of Turin" may not have been used to wrap the dead body of Jesus Christ after the crucifixion.

“I think the possibility of this having happened is very remote,” said Cicero Moraes, who is a Brazilian graphics expert.&nbsp;

Moraes created the shroud's virtual simulation and placed it over the image of a body to check whether the impressions present on the fabric were matching.

The shroud is believed to have been traced from the mid-14th century, because of which some of the people have dismissed the cloth as a medieval forgery.

“On one side are those who think it is an authentic shroud of Jesus Christ, on the other, those who think it is a forgery. But I am inclined towards another approach: that it is, in fact, a work of Christian art, which managed to convey its intended message very successfully," Moraes said.&nbsp;

<h2>Researcher creates virtual simulation of shroud&nbsp;</h2>

A virtual simulation was created by Moraes in which the shroud's recreation was placed over a body.

Once it was laid, the fabric showed “a distorted and significantly more robust image” than that present on the shroud because of the change from 3D to 2D.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-is-the-face-of-vampire-zosia-buried-with-a-sickle-nearly-400-years-ago-772239">THIS is the face of 'vampire' Zosia buried with a sickle nearly 400 years ago</a>

“When you wrap a 3D object with a fabric, and that object leaves a pattern like blood stains, these stains generate a more robust and more deformed structure in relation to the source,” wrote Moraes.

“So, roughly speaking, what we see as a result of printing stains from a human body would be a more swollen and distorted version of it, not an image that looks like a photocopy. A bas-relief, however, wouldn’t cause the image to deform, resulting in a figure that resembles a photocopy of the body," he added.

Moraes said that the printing stains from a human body are likely to be more swollen and added that the impression created by a 3D body on the shroud should have a striking difference.

Moraes said that even the findings like scalp and toes spread outwardly did not match up.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, the expert also did not find the imprinting of the torso, groin, and neck area on the cloth.

“It seems to me more like a non-verbal iconographic work that has very successfully served the purpose of the religious message contained within,” Moraes said.

For centuries, many people have questioned the legitimacy of the Shroud of Turin.

In 1390, the Vatican also expressed doubt over its status when Pope Clement VII announced that the cloth was not used to wrap the body of Jesus and instead, it appeared like “a painting or panel made to represent or imitate the shroud”.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a new shocking study, researchers have discovered that the centuries-old linen cloth "Shroud of Turin" may not have been used to wrap the dead body of Jesus Christ after the crucifixion.

In a new shocking study, researchers have discovered that the centuries-old linen cloth "Shroud of Turin" may not have been used to wrap the dead body of Jesus Christ after the crucifixion. “I think the possibility of this having happened is very remote,” said Cicero Moraes, who is a Brazilian graphics expert. Moraes created the shroud's virtual simulation and placed it over the image of a body to check whether the impressions present on the fabric were matching. The shroud is believed to have been traced from the mid-14th century, because of which some of the people have dismissed the cloth as a medieval forgery. “On one side are those who think it is an authentic shroud of Jesus Christ, on the other, those who think it is a forgery. But I am inclined towards another approach: that it is, in fact, a work of Christian art, which managed to convey its intended message very successfully," Moraes said. Researcher creates virtual simulation of shroud A virtual simulation was created by Moraes in which the shroud's recreation was placed over a body. Once it was laid, the fabric showed “a distorted and significantly more robust image” than that present on the shroud because of the change from 3D to 2D. Also Read: THIS is the face of 'vampire' Zosia buried with a sickle nearly 400 years ago “When you wrap a 3D object with a fabric, and that object leaves a pattern like blood stains, these stains generate a more robust and more deformed structure in relation to the source,” wrote Moraes. “So, roughly speaking, what we see as a result of printing stains from a human body would be a more swollen and distorted version of it, not an image that looks like a photocopy. A bas-relief, however, wouldn’t cause the image to deform, resulting in a figure that resembles a photocopy of the body," he added. Moraes said that the printing stains from a human body are likely to be more swollen and added that the impression created by a 3D body on the shroud should have a striking difference. Moraes said that even the findings like scalp and toes spread outwardly did not match up. Meanwhile, the expert also did not find the imprinting of the torso, groin, and neck area on the cloth. “It seems to me more like a non-verbal iconographic work that has very successfully served the purpose of the religious message contained within,” Moraes said. For centuries, many people have questioned the legitimacy of the Shroud of Turin. In 1390, the Vatican also expressed doubt over its status when Pope Clement VII announced that the cloth was not used to wrap the body of Jesus and instead, it appeared like “a painting or panel made to represent or imitate the shroud”. (With inputs from agencies)

Was the body of Jesus Christ not wrapped in Shroud of Turin? Shocking study claims...

Nightmares are one of the most prevalent sleeping disorders in the world, the frequency of which increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, as several reports show. Now, it might be possible to tame these horrifying dreams using non-invasive techniques to manipulate our emotions, a new study shows.

A study conducted on 36 patients diagnosed with a nightmare disorder showed that a combination of two simple therapies can help reduce the frequency of these bad dreams to a large extent. The study was originally published in a Current Biology paper.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-feeling-anxious-after-drinking-science-can-explain-why-771085">Feeling anxious after drinking? Experts explain reason behind 'hangxiety'</a>

"There is a relationship between the types of emotions experienced in dreams and our emotional well-being," psychiatrist Lampros Perogamvros of the Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva in Switzerland explained in 2022 when the results of the study were published.

"Based on this observation, we had the idea that we could help people by manipulating emotions in their dreams."

<h2>Taming nightmares with music and some manipulation of emotions</h2>

Many people globally suffer from nightmares, which are not just a few bad dreams. Nightmares are also associated with poor sleep quality, which then can lead to other health issues.&nbsp;

One reason for nightmares is poor sleep which can also increase anxiety, which in turn can result in insomnia. Hence, nightmares shouldn’t be ignored and must be dealt with at an early stage.

The two non-invasive methods introduced in the study were- imagery rehearsal therapy (IMT) and targeted memory reactivation (TMR).&nbsp;

In IMT, patients were asked to rewrite their most harrowing and frequent nightmares to give them a happy ending on paper and then “rehearse” that written story in their head, in an attempt to overwrite the nightmare.

This method helped to reduce the frequency and severity of nightmares, but the treatment is not effective for all patients.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/people-who-cry-at-movies-have-higher-chances-of-dying-young-study-770138">People who cry at movies have higher chances of dying young: Study</a>

To boost this method’s effectiveness, scientists introduced another method called- targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Based on a 2010 experiment, in this method, certain sounds associated with a certain stimulus are played while people are sleeping. It was observed that TMR helped in boosting the memory of that stimulus.

After having the study's participants complete a dream and sleep diary for two weeks, the volunteers were all given a single IRT session.&nbsp;

Half of the group underwent a TMR session, creating a link between a positive version of their nightmares and a sound. The other half served as a control group, imagining a less horrific version of a nightmare without being exposed to positive sounds.&nbsp;

At the start of the study, the control group had, on average, 2.58 nightmares per week, and the TMR group had an average of 2.94 weekly nightmares. By the end of the study, the control group was down to 1.02 weekly nightmares, while the TMR group had dropped to just 0.19. Even more promising, the TMR group reported an increase in happy dreams.

At the three-month follow-up, nightmares had risen slightly in both groups, to 1.48 and 0.33 per week respectively. However, that is still an impressive reduction in the frequency of nightmares, the researchers said, suggesting that using TMR to support IRT results in a more effective treatment.

Watch |&nbsp;WION Fineprint | Sleep tourism is one of the biggest 2022 travel trends

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"We observed a fast decrease of nightmares, together with dreams becoming emotionally more positive. For us, researchers and clinicians, these findings is very promising both for the study of emotional processing during sleep and for the development of new therapies," Perogamvros said.

(With inputs from agencies)

Nightmares are one of the most prevalent sleeping disorders in the world, the frequency of which increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, as several reports show.

Nightmares are one of the most prevalent sleeping disorders in the world, the frequency of which increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, as several reports show. Now, it might be possible to tame these horrifying dreams using non-invasive techniques to manipulate our emotions, a new study shows. A study conducted on 36 patients diagnosed with a nightmare disorder showed that a combination of two simple therapies can help reduce the frequency of these bad dreams to a large extent. The study was originally published in a Current Biology paper. Also Read | Feeling anxious after drinking? Experts explain reason behind 'hangxiety' "There is a relationship between the types of emotions experienced in dreams and our emotional well-being," psychiatrist Lampros Perogamvros of the Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva in Switzerland explained in 2022 when the results of the study were published. "Based on this observation, we had the idea that we could help people by manipulating emotions in their dreams." Taming nightmares with music and some manipulation of emotions Many people globally suffer from nightmares, which are not just a few bad dreams. Nightmares are also associated with poor sleep quality, which then can lead to other health issues. One reason for nightmares is poor sleep which can also increase anxiety, which in turn can result in insomnia. Hence, nightmares shouldn’t be ignored and must be dealt with at an early stage. The two non-invasive methods introduced in the study were- imagery rehearsal therapy (IMT) and targeted memory reactivation (TMR). In IMT, patients were asked to rewrite their most harrowing and frequent nightmares to give them a happy ending on paper and then “rehearse” that written story in their head, in an attempt to overwrite the nightmare. This method helped to reduce the frequency and severity of nightmares, but the treatment is not effective for all patients. Also Read | People who cry at movies have higher chances of dying young: Study To boost this method’s effectiveness, scientists introduced another method called- targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Based on a 2010 experiment, in this method, certain sounds associated with a certain stimulus are played while people are sleeping. It was observed that TMR helped in boosting the memory of that stimulus. After having the study's participants complete a dream and sleep diary for two weeks, the volunteers were all given a single IRT session. Half of the group underwent a TMR session, creating a link between a positive version of their nightmares and a sound. The other half served as a control group, imagining a less horrific version of a nightmare without being exposed to positive sounds. At the start of the study, the control group had, on average, 2.58 nightmares per week, and the TMR group had an average of 2.94 weekly nightmares. By the end of the study, the control group was down to 1.02 weekly nightmares, while the TMR group had dropped to just 0.19. Even more promising, the TMR group reported an increase in happy dreams. At the three-month follow-up, nightmares had risen slightly in both groups, to 1.48 and 0.33 per week respectively. However, that is still an impressive reduction in the frequency of nightmares, the researchers said, suggesting that using TMR to support IRT results in a more effective treatment. Watch | WION Fineprint | Sleep tourism is one of the biggest 2022 travel trends × "We observed a fast decrease of nightmares, together with dreams becoming emotionally more positive. For us, researchers and clinicians, these findings is very promising both for the study of emotional processing during sleep and for the development of new therapies," Perogamvros said. (With inputs from agencies)

Nightmares can be tamed with music and some manipulation of emotions, new study shows

In a new study, researchers have found that there has been a decline in the use of marijuana among teens, however, girls have been using it more in comparison to boys.&nbsp;

The researchers from Florida Atlantic University published the new research in Pediatric Reports which showed that even though there have been growing concerns about the usage of marijuana increasing among teens after its legalisation in the US, it has actually decreased.&nbsp;

The study, however, noted that girls have surpassed boys in the consumption of marijuana.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-mothers-who-use-cannabis-when-pregnant-may-be-causing-genetic-changes-to-their-babies-study-763856">Mothers who use cannabis when pregnant may be causing genetic changes to their babies: Study</a>

In the study, researchers analysed the trend of marijuana use among US teens from 2011 to 2021 with the use of data collected from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey of students from grades 9 to 12.

<h2>Here's what the study revealed</h2>

The study included a total sample of 88,183 US&nbsp;high school students who submitted their self-reports on their marijuana use.

In the time duration studied, the use of marijuana among teens was seen to have a significant decline.

The number of teens who had tried marijuana saw a decrease from 39.9 per cent in 2011 to 27.8 per cent in 2021 and the percentage of students who had reported marijuana use in the last 30 days fell from 23.1 per cent to 15.8 per cent.

There was also a decrease in the percentage of students who had used marijuana for the first time before the age of 13.&nbsp;

Overall the study shows that fewer teens were using marijuana.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/delhi-drug-bust-how-police-cracked-biggest-ever-cocaine-haul-targeted-at-college-students-businessmen-764106">Delhi drug bust: How police cracked biggest-ever cocaine haul targeted at college students, businessmen</a>

“This finding aligns with previous research indicating that minority groups, particularly Black adolescents, may perceive lower risks associated with marijuana use, which could contribute to higher usage rates,” read the study.

An increase was noticed in the rate of marijuana use with each grade level which reached its highest rate among students of class 12.

“While we found a net decline in the percentage of marijuana use among students between 2011 and 2021 for all grade levels, there was consistently higher usage for older grades throughout all years, especially among 12th graders,” the authors stated.

The new trend which was seen in the study was girls were using marijuana more than boys by 2021. “This change is consistent with earlier reports suggesting a narrowing of the gender gap in substance use,” stated the study.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a new study, researchers have found that there has been a decline in the use of marijuana among teens, however, girls have been using it more in comparison to boys.

In a new study, researchers have found that there has been a decline in the use of marijuana among teens, however, girls have been using it more in comparison to boys. The researchers from Florida Atlantic University published the new research in Pediatric Reports which showed that even though there have been growing concerns about the usage of marijuana increasing among teens after its legalisation in the US, it has actually decreased. The study, however, noted that girls have surpassed boys in the consumption of marijuana. Also Read: Mothers who use cannabis when pregnant may be causing genetic changes to their babies: Study In the study, researchers analysed the trend of marijuana use among US teens from 2011 to 2021 with the use of data collected from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey of students from grades 9 to 12. Here's what the study revealed The study included a total sample of 88,183 US high school students who submitted their self-reports on their marijuana use. In the time duration studied, the use of marijuana among teens was seen to have a significant decline. The number of teens who had tried marijuana saw a decrease from 39.9 per cent in 2011 to 27.8 per cent in 2021 and the percentage of students who had reported marijuana use in the last 30 days fell from 23.1 per cent to 15.8 per cent. There was also a decrease in the percentage of students who had used marijuana for the first time before the age of 13. Overall the study shows that fewer teens were using marijuana. Also Read: Delhi drug bust: How police cracked biggest-ever cocaine haul targeted at college students, businessmen “This finding aligns with previous research indicating that minority groups, particularly Black adolescents, may perceive lower risks associated with marijuana use, which could contribute to higher usage rates,” read the study. An increase was noticed in the rate of marijuana use with each grade level which reached its highest rate among students of class 12. “While we found a net decline in the percentage of marijuana use among students between 2011 and 2021 for all grade levels, there was consistently higher usage for older grades throughout all years, especially among 12th graders,” the authors stated. The new trend which was seen in the study was girls were using marijuana more than boys by 2021. “This change is consistent with earlier reports suggesting a narrowing of the gender gap in substance use,” stated the study. (With inputs from agencies)

Girls have outshined boys in using marijuana in the United States: Study

If you have experienced a feeling of dread and anxiety the next morning after you had a great time at a night out, you are not alone. Around 22 per cent of social drinkers experience this feeling called hangover anxiety or ‘hangxiety’.

While for some, it may be just mild jitters, for others, it may be an overwhelming feeling of dread and panic, making them unable to relax. Science can explain why, according to The Conversation.

<h2>What effect does alcohol have on our brains?</h2>

It is known that drinking may result in a hangover leading to symptoms like dehydration, disrupted sleep, nausea and headaches. However, apart from the physical symptoms, hangovers also affect us mentally.&nbsp;

Alcohol is a nervous system depressant, which affects the chemical messengers, or neurotransmitters in the brain. They increase the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the neurotransmitter that makes you feel relaxed and calm. It also reduces glutamate and slows down your thoughts, sending you into a relaxed state. Alcohol also affects moods, emotions, and alertness, making us feel more carefree and sociable.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-our-brains-can-process-full-sentences-in-split-seconds-just-like-we-see-photos-says-study-770307">Our brains can process full sentences in split-seconds, just like we see photos, says study</a>

Once the alcohol wears off, our brain rebalances these chemicals by increasing glutamate and decreasing GABA. This results in the opposite effect on the brain, causing it to become overstimulated, which can make you feel anxious. The reason why only some people experience this can be due to various factors.

<h2>How do genes affect your hangover?</h2>

For some, it may depend on how much they drink or how hydrated they are, while for others, genetics may play a role. According to research, our genes influence how our body processes alcohol which may result in some people experiencing stronger symptoms of hangover and anxiety when compared to others.

<h2>How can mental health play a role?</h2>

Some people are unable to remember what they said while under the influence of alcohol the next morning. This may increase the feeling of worry and anxiousness.&nbsp;

Research suggests that people who are already dealing with anxiety are more likely to experience hangxiety. Some people drink alcohol to relax after a stressful day or make them feel at ease at a social event. This may lead to higher consumption of alcohol, which results in much more intense hangover symptoms. This may also lead to a cycle of drinking to feel better followed by hangxiety.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-this-country-will-increase-minimum-age-limit-to-use-social-media-to-15-to-protect-children-770305">This country will increase minimum age limit to use social media to 15 to protect children</a>

<h2>How to prevent and treat hangxiety?</h2>

To prevent hangover anxiety, it is best to limit alcohol consumption. It is also advisable to avoid any drugs like ecstasy or MDMA while drinking as they increase the chances of hangxiety.

If you wake up feeling anxious after drinking the previous night, focusing on easing the physical symptoms may help reduce the feeling of stress. Staying hydrated, having a light meal, and resting will help. You can also try mindfulness meditation or deep breathing exercises to calm your mind. Journaling or talking to a close friend may help you process your feelings.

(With inputs from agencies)

If you have experienced a feeling of dread and anxiety the next morning after you had a great time at a night out, you are not alone. Around 22 per cent of social drinkers experience this feeling called hangover anxiety or ‘hangxiety’.

If you have experienced a feeling of dread and anxiety the next morning after you had a great time at a night out, you are not alone. Around 22 per cent of social drinkers experience this feeling called hangover anxiety or ‘hangxiety’. While for some, it may be just mild jitters, for others, it may be an overwhelming feeling of dread and panic, making them unable to relax. Science can explain why, according to The Conversation. What effect does alcohol have on our brains? It is known that drinking may result in a hangover leading to symptoms like dehydration, disrupted sleep, nausea and headaches. However, apart from the physical symptoms, hangovers also affect us mentally. Alcohol is a nervous system depressant, which affects the chemical messengers, or neurotransmitters in the brain. They increase the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the neurotransmitter that makes you feel relaxed and calm. It also reduces glutamate and slows down your thoughts, sending you into a relaxed state. Alcohol also affects moods, emotions, and alertness, making us feel more carefree and sociable. Also read | Our brains can process full sentences in split-seconds, just like we see photos, says study Once the alcohol wears off, our brain rebalances these chemicals by increasing glutamate and decreasing GABA. This results in the opposite effect on the brain, causing it to become overstimulated, which can make you feel anxious. The reason why only some people experience this can be due to various factors. How do genes affect your hangover? For some, it may depend on how much they drink or how hydrated they are, while for others, genetics may play a role. According to research, our genes influence how our body processes alcohol which may result in some people experiencing stronger symptoms of hangover and anxiety when compared to others. How can mental health play a role? Some people are unable to remember what they said while under the influence of alcohol the next morning. This may increase the feeling of worry and anxiousness. Research suggests that people who are already dealing with anxiety are more likely to experience hangxiety. Some people drink alcohol to relax after a stressful day or make them feel at ease at a social event. This may lead to higher consumption of alcohol, which results in much more intense hangover symptoms. This may also lead to a cycle of drinking to feel better followed by hangxiety. Also read | This country will increase minimum age limit to use social media to 15 to protect children How to prevent and treat hangxiety? To prevent hangover anxiety, it is best to limit alcohol consumption. It is also advisable to avoid any drugs like ecstasy or MDMA while drinking as they increase the chances of hangxiety. If you wake up feeling anxious after drinking the previous night, focusing on easing the physical symptoms may help reduce the feeling of stress. Staying hydrated, having a light meal, and resting will help. You can also try mindfulness meditation or deep breathing exercises to calm your mind. Journaling or talking to a close friend may help you process your feelings. (With inputs from agencies)

Feeling anxious after drinking? Experts explain reason behind 'hangxiety'

In a new study, scientists have found&nbsp;that those who cry during movies, fear rejection or interpret some normal situation as threatening are at an increased risk of early death.

The study has found that these are behaviour patterns in those who suffer from neuroticism and that such personality traits increase the risk of premature death by 10 per cent.&nbsp;

Neuroticism&nbsp;is related to negative emotions like sadness, fear and irritability but also has other components like anxiety and loneliness which impact a person's mind and body.

Loneliness was identified as the strongest predictor of premature death by scientists because this increases the chances of respiratory and digestive system diseases and intentional self-harm, the researchers suggested.&nbsp;

Mood swings and feeling fed up are other aspects of neuroticism which are related to higher mortality risk.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-will-you-live-beyond-100-unlikely-warn-scientists-who-see-longevity-falling-in-areas-known-for-centenarians-766569">Will you live beyond 100? Unlikely, warn scientists who see longevity falling in areas known for centenarians</a>

The team discovered that the link was strongest in men and has been found prevalent in people younger than age 54 as well as those who did not have a college degree.

<h2>How was the research carried out?</h2>

A team of researchers from Florida State University looked into data from the United Kingdom Biobank. The Biobank has a massive database of biological samples, genetics, health information and lifestyles from half a million people.&nbsp;

The Biobank had information on around 500,000 individuals whose neuroticism evaluation was completed between&nbsp;2006 and 2010.

Scientists tracked the life of these individuals for 17 years. The 'vital status' data and neuroticism scores of the participants were used by the research team to investigate whether the personality trait and certain components had a strong relation to premature death.

In the 17 years, out of around 500,000 participants, 43,400 had died which is about 8.8 per cent of the total sample size.&nbsp;

As per the data, the average age at death was 70 years and the primary cause of death was cancer, which was followed by&nbsp;nervous system,&nbsp;respiratory system and digestive system diseases.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-is-the-risk-of-heart-attack-more-severe-for-those-infected-with-covid-769158">Is the risk of heart attack more severe for those infected with Covid?</a>

Those who faced respiratory or digestive issues were reportedly feeling 'fed up' in the evaluation.

In the group, nearly 291 people had died of intentional self-harm. These people said that they felt guilt and mood swings and were constantly stressed.

However, those who scored higher neuroticism reportedly felt loneliness.&nbsp;

"It was surprising that loneliness had a much stronger impact than other components of neuroticism," said Antonio Terracciano, senior author and Florida State University professor of geriatrics, while speaking to PsyPost.&nbsp;

"The findings indicate that those who reported being lonely were at much higher risk of death than those who felt anxious or guilty," he further said.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a new study, scientists have found that those who cry during movies, fear rejection or interpret some normal situation as threatening are at an increased risk of early death.

In a new study, scientists have found that those who cry during movies, fear rejection or interpret some normal situation as threatening are at an increased risk of early death. The study has found that these are behaviour patterns in those who suffer from neuroticism and that such personality traits increase the risk of premature death by 10 per cent. Neuroticism is related to negative emotions like sadness, fear and irritability but also has other components like anxiety and loneliness which impact a person's mind and body. Loneliness was identified as the strongest predictor of premature death by scientists because this increases the chances of respiratory and digestive system diseases and intentional self-harm, the researchers suggested. Mood swings and feeling fed up are other aspects of neuroticism which are related to higher mortality risk. Also Read: Will you live beyond 100? Unlikely, warn scientists who see longevity falling in areas known for centenarians The team discovered that the link was strongest in men and has been found prevalent in people younger than age 54 as well as those who did not have a college degree. How was the research carried out? A team of researchers from Florida State University looked into data from the United Kingdom Biobank. The Biobank has a massive database of biological samples, genetics, health information and lifestyles from half a million people. The Biobank had information on around 500,000 individuals whose neuroticism evaluation was completed between 2006 and 2010. Scientists tracked the life of these individuals for 17 years. The 'vital status' data and neuroticism scores of the participants were used by the research team to investigate whether the personality trait and certain components had a strong relation to premature death. In the 17 years, out of around 500,000 participants, 43,400 had died which is about 8.8 per cent of the total sample size. As per the data, the average age at death was 70 years and the primary cause of death was cancer, which was followed by nervous system, respiratory system and digestive system diseases. Also Read: Is the risk of heart attack more severe for those infected with Covid? Those who faced respiratory or digestive issues were reportedly feeling 'fed up' in the evaluation. In the group, nearly 291 people had died of intentional self-harm. These people said that they felt guilt and mood swings and were constantly stressed. However, those who scored higher neuroticism reportedly felt loneliness. "It was surprising that loneliness had a much stronger impact than other components of neuroticism," said Antonio Terracciano, senior author and Florida State University professor of geriatrics, while speaking to PsyPost. "The findings indicate that those who reported being lonely were at much higher risk of death than those who felt anxious or guilty," he further said. (With inputs from agencies)

People who cry at movies have higher chances of dying young: Study

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