In an exclusive interview with WION's Moohita Kaur Garg, Harvard Professor and UFO expert Avi Loeb provides a unique perspective on why hasn't humanity heard the figurative knocking on its celestial doors. He answers the age-old question: Have aliens been among us all along?

Are Peruvian Alien Mummies Real or a Clever Hoax? Expert Weighs In!

Stars, galaxies, and their celestial names are above humans and our inherent bigotry...or are they?&nbsp;

A group of scientists has called for the renaming of galaxies named after a 16th-century explorer, who they say left behind a "violent colonialist legacy".&nbsp;

They say that science is for everyone and that astrological objects should not be named after someone with the stain of slavery on their legacy.

<h2>All in the name?</h2>

The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, dwarf galaxies in the Milky Way, are named after 16th-century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.

Visible to the naked eye from the Southern Hemisphere, these galaxies, as per claims, were "discovered" by Magellan and his crew between 1519 and 1522. They apparently discovered them during their first circumnavigation of the world.

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However, a group of astronomers from the United States say that this narrative is false that the galaxies were known to indigenous people for years, and that they had "names and legends for these systems that predate Magellan by thousands of years".

<h2>Why not Magellan's name?</h2>

Writing in the American Physical Society journal, Mia de los Reyes, an assistant professor of astronomy at Amherst College, Massachusetts, said: "The beauty of these starry objects is clouded by their names."

It's not just the names of these galaxies they want changed. The twin Magellan telescopes in Chile may also need a name change.

Describing Magellan as "a coloniser, a slaver and a murderer," Reyes writes: "I and a coalition of astronomers are calling for the scientific community to rename these galaxies, as well as other astronomical objects, institutions, and facilities that bear his name."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/trouble-in-space-soaring-costs-of-nasas-mars-sample-return-mission-risks-other-projects-657819">Trouble in space: Soaring costs of NASA's Mars Sample Return Mission risk other significant projects</a>

"I and many other astronomers believe that astronomical objects and facilities should not be named after Magellan, or after anyone else with a violent colonialist legacy," she adds.

However, not everyone likes the idea.&nbsp;

A conservative MP for Harrow East, Bob Blackman, as per The Telegraph, has labelled the calls to rename these galaxies as "absolute nonsense".

He says that given that so many historical figures had their feet in the slave trade, we may not "have many left" that don't hurt someone's sensibilities.

"We can all look back on various different people's involvement in the slave trade, but the reality is that if you’re going to start renaming everything that involved everyone from the slave trade, you won’t have many left."

(With inputs from agencies)

Stars, galaxies, and their celestial names are above humans and our inherent bigotry...or are they? A group of scientists has called for the renaming of galaxies named after a 16th-century explorer, who they say left behind a "violent colonialist legacy".

Stars, galaxies, and their celestial names are above humans and our inherent bigotry...or are they? A group of scientists has called for the renaming of galaxies named after a 16th-century explorer, who they say left behind a "violent colonialist legacy". They say that science is for everyone and that astrological objects should not be named after someone with the stain of slavery on their legacy. All in the name? The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, dwarf galaxies in the Milky Way, are named after 16th-century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. Visible to the naked eye from the Southern Hemisphere, these galaxies, as per claims, were "discovered" by Magellan and his crew between 1519 and 1522. They apparently discovered them during their first circumnavigation of the world. Also read | Scientists pooh-pooh claims that extinct ancient human 'Homo naledi' buried its dead However, a group of astronomers from the United States say that this narrative is false that the galaxies were known to indigenous people for years, and that they had "names and legends for these systems that predate Magellan by thousands of years". Why not Magellan's name? Writing in the American Physical Society journal, Mia de los Reyes, an assistant professor of astronomy at Amherst College, Massachusetts, said: "The beauty of these starry objects is clouded by their names." It's not just the names of these galaxies they want changed. The twin Magellan telescopes in Chile may also need a name change. Describing Magellan as "a coloniser, a slaver and a murderer," Reyes writes: "I and a coalition of astronomers are calling for the scientific community to rename these galaxies, as well as other astronomical objects, institutions, and facilities that bear his name." Also read | Trouble in space: Soaring costs of NASA's Mars Sample Return Mission risk other significant projects "I and many other astronomers believe that astronomical objects and facilities should not be named after Magellan, or after anyone else with a violent colonialist legacy," she adds. However, not everyone likes the idea. A conservative MP for Harrow East, Bob Blackman, as per The Telegraph, has labelled the calls to rename these galaxies as "absolute nonsense". He says that given that so many historical figures had their feet in the slave trade, we may not "have many left" that don't hurt someone's sensibilities. "We can all look back on various different people's involvement in the slave trade, but the reality is that if you’re going to start renaming everything that involved everyone from the slave trade, you won’t have many left." (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists call to rename Magellan galaxies alleging their namesake had a violent legacy

A new study has revealed strange details about an exoplanet which apparently hosts sandy clouds high in its atmosphere.&nbsp;The observations about the sand clouds, and consequently sand rains, were made from images of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

The observations shared by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) were detailed in a peer-reviewed paper published in Nature on Wednesday (Nov 15). &nbsp;

The JWST images have been analysed carefully by a team of European astronomers to study the atmospheric composition of a nearby "fluffy" exoplanet, called WASP-107b.&nbsp;

As per the study, the team of researchers have found water vapour, sulfur dioxide and even silicate sand clouds residing within the exoplanet's atmosphere.&nbsp;

Also&nbsp;read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-space-explosion-was-so-powerful-that-it-shook-earths-upper-atmosphere-when-struck-it-658980">A 1-in-10,000-year radiation burst was so powerful that it shook Earth's upper atmosphere</a>&nbsp;

The discovery of WASP-107b was announced in 2017 and NASA has previously said that it is a Neptune-like exoplanet that orbits a K-type star.&nbsp;

It is roughly 200 light years from Earth. According to astronomers, it is one of the lowest-density planets, and sometimes it is compared to a comet.&nbsp;

As per the previous observation, it was discovered that the mass of WASP-107b is 30.5 Earths, and it takes 5.7 days to complete one orbit of its star. NASA has said that it is 0.055 AU from its star.&nbsp;

The latest observations have helped the researchers to have a better understanding of the chemistry of distant planets.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-isro-nasa-satellite-nisar-gets-a-feel-of-space-in-bengaluru-658925">ISRO-NASA satellite 'NISAR' gets a feel of space in Bengaluru</a>&nbsp;

<h2>What does it mean by the presence of sand?&nbsp;</h2>

The study noted that astronomers were bewildered after the initial discovery of sulfur dioxide because WASP-107b's host star emits a relatively small fraction of high-energy light photons as the exoplanet is smaller and cooler.&nbsp;

Also, photons can penetrate deep into WASP-107b's atmosphere, which is possible because of the planet's low density. It leads to chemical reactions that create sulfur dioxide.&nbsp;

Besides sulfur dioxide, astronomers have also noted the presence of high-altitude clouds composed of fine silicate particles, which are nothing but fine-grained sand.&nbsp;

As quoted by Space.com, lead author Leen Decin of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium, said in a press release, "JWST is revolutionising exoplanet characterisation, providing unprecedented insights at remarkable speed."&nbsp;

"The discovery of clouds of sand, water, and sulfur dioxide on this fluffy exoplanet … is a pivotal milestone. It reshapes our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, shedding new light on our own solar system," he added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has revealed strange details about an exoplanet which apparently hosts sandy clouds high in its atmosphere. The observations about the sand clouds, and consequently sand rains, were made from images of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

A new study has revealed strange details about an exoplanet which apparently hosts sandy clouds high in its atmosphere. The observations about the sand clouds, and consequently sand rains, were made from images of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The observations shared by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) were detailed in a peer-reviewed paper published in Nature on Wednesday (Nov 15). The JWST images have been analysed carefully by a team of European astronomers to study the atmospheric composition of a nearby "fluffy" exoplanet, called WASP-107b. As per the study, the team of researchers have found water vapour, sulfur dioxide and even silicate sand clouds residing within the exoplanet's atmosphere. Also read: A 1-in-10,000-year radiation burst was so powerful that it shook Earth's upper atmosphere The discovery of WASP-107b was announced in 2017 and NASA has previously said that it is a Neptune-like exoplanet that orbits a K-type star. It is roughly 200 light years from Earth. According to astronomers, it is one of the lowest-density planets, and sometimes it is compared to a comet. As per the previous observation, it was discovered that the mass of WASP-107b is 30.5 Earths, and it takes 5.7 days to complete one orbit of its star. NASA has said that it is 0.055 AU from its star. The latest observations have helped the researchers to have a better understanding of the chemistry of distant planets. Also read: ISRO-NASA satellite 'NISAR' gets a feel of space in Bengaluru What does it mean by the presence of sand? The study noted that astronomers were bewildered after the initial discovery of sulfur dioxide because WASP-107b's host star emits a relatively small fraction of high-energy light photons as the exoplanet is smaller and cooler. Also, photons can penetrate deep into WASP-107b's atmosphere, which is possible because of the planet's low density. It leads to chemical reactions that create sulfur dioxide. Besides sulfur dioxide, astronomers have also noted the presence of high-altitude clouds composed of fine silicate particles, which are nothing but fine-grained sand. As quoted by Space.com, lead author Leen Decin of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium, said in a press release, "JWST is revolutionising exoplanet characterisation, providing unprecedented insights at remarkable speed." "The discovery of clouds of sand, water, and sulfur dioxide on this fluffy exoplanet … is a pivotal milestone. It reshapes our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, shedding new light on our own solar system," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA's telescope observes planet where sand rains, like water on Earth

A recent study utilising data from NASA's retired Kepler Space Telescope has provided insights into the enigma of disappearing atmospheres and shrinking sizes of certain exoplanets. Researchers believe they may have identified a potential explanation for the "missing" planets falling between the size range of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes.

Exoplanets exist outside our solar system and exhibit diverse sizes, ranging from rocky planets to gas giants. In between, there are rocky super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. But there also exists a noticeable void, a "size gap."

NASA's&nbsp;Jet Propulsion Laboratory said that there is a "conspicuous absence" or a “size gap” of planets that are 1.5 to 2 times Earth's size. This has left scientists puzzled.&nbsp;

However, the lead&nbsp;author of the new study in The Astronomical Journal and Caltech/IPAC research scientist Jessie Christiansen said that “scientists have now confirmed the detection of over 5,000 exoplanets, but there are fewer planets than expected with a diameter between 1.5 and 2 times that of Earth."&nbsp;

“Exoplanet scientists have enough data now to say that this gap is not a fluke. There’s something going on that impedes planets from reaching and/or staying at this size," Christiansen added.&nbsp;

Scientists have dedicated efforts to unravel the mysteries surrounding this absence and gain a deeper understanding of the planetary system.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/italy-bans-lab-grown-frankenstein-meat-citing-health-concerns-and-need-to-safeguard-livestock-industry-659640">Italy bans lab-grown 'frankenstein' meat citing health concerns and need to safeguard livestock industry</a>

<h2>So what is behind the shrinking of exoplanets?&nbsp;</h2>

The study proposed that some sub-Neptunes lose their atmospheres, causing them to shrink. The leading explanations for this atmospheric loss are core-powered mass loss and photoevaporation. The researchers have uncovered new evidence supporting the theory of core-powered mass loss as a potential mechanism behind the shrinking of these planets.&nbsp;

Core-powered mass loss involves radiation from a planet's hot core gradually pushing its atmosphere away over time, eventually shrinking it. In contrast, photoevaporation occurs when a planet's atmosphere is eroded by the intense radiation from its host star.

The study suggested that core-powered mass loss occurs later in a planet's life, around 1 billion years, while photoevaporation is more likely to happen within the first 100 million years.

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<h2>Observations of star clusters</h2>

The researchers focused on star clusters Praesepe and Hyades, aged between 600 million and 800 million years.

By analysing these clusters, the team concluded in&nbsp;their findings that core-powered mass loss is a more plausible reasoning for these "missing" exoplanets.&nbsp;

Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/russia-says-artist-was-spreading-misinformation-about-military-659688">Russia says artist was spreading misinformation about military</a>

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While the study provides valuable insights, the researchers said that the understanding of photoevaporation and core-powered mass loss is an evolving field.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A recent study utilising data from NASA's retired Kepler Space Telescope has provided insights into the enigma of disappearing atmospheres and shrinking sizes of certain exoplanets.

A recent study utilising data from NASA's retired Kepler Space Telescope has provided insights into the enigma of disappearing atmospheres and shrinking sizes of certain exoplanets. Researchers believe they may have identified a potential explanation for the "missing" planets falling between the size range of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. Exoplanets exist outside our solar system and exhibit diverse sizes, ranging from rocky planets to gas giants. In between, there are rocky super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. But there also exists a noticeable void, a "size gap." NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory said that there is a "conspicuous absence" or a “size gap” of planets that are 1.5 to 2 times Earth's size. This has left scientists puzzled. However, the lead author of the new study in The Astronomical Journal and Caltech/IPAC research scientist Jessie Christiansen said that “scientists have now confirmed the detection of over 5,000 exoplanets, but there are fewer planets than expected with a diameter between 1.5 and 2 times that of Earth." “Exoplanet scientists have enough data now to say that this gap is not a fluke. There’s something going on that impedes planets from reaching and/or staying at this size," Christiansen added. Scientists have dedicated efforts to unravel the mysteries surrounding this absence and gain a deeper understanding of the planetary system. Also Read | Italy bans lab-grown 'frankenstein' meat citing health concerns and need to safeguard livestock industry So what is behind the shrinking of exoplanets? The study proposed that some sub-Neptunes lose their atmospheres, causing them to shrink. The leading explanations for this atmospheric loss are core-powered mass loss and photoevaporation. The researchers have uncovered new evidence supporting the theory of core-powered mass loss as a potential mechanism behind the shrinking of these planets. Core-powered mass loss involves radiation from a planet's hot core gradually pushing its atmosphere away over time, eventually shrinking it. In contrast, photoevaporation occurs when a planet's atmosphere is eroded by the intense radiation from its host star. The study suggested that core-powered mass loss occurs later in a planet's life, around 1 billion years, while photoevaporation is more likely to happen within the first 100 million years. Also Read | RBI bulletin highlights inflation challenge despite boost in consumption Observations of star clusters The researchers focused on star clusters Praesepe and Hyades, aged between 600 million and 800 million years. By analysing these clusters, the team concluded in their findings that core-powered mass loss is a more plausible reasoning for these "missing" exoplanets. Watch | Russia says artist was spreading misinformation about military × While the study provides valuable insights, the researchers said that the understanding of photoevaporation and core-powered mass loss is an evolving field. (With inputs from agencies)

Is mystery of shrinking exoplanets solved? Data from NASA reveals new details

Devil Comet with horns, the colossal, cryovolcanic comet three times the size of Mount Everest, has once again experienced an explosive event as it makes its way towards our planet Earth.

<h2>Devil Comet with horns</h2>

The colossal comet got the name after two devil-like horns were observed during its previous outbursts. However, this time astronomers did not spot signs of a dark lane in the comet's coma — a hazy cloud which surrounds its nucleus.

It is also known as 12P/Pons-Brooks and just a couple of days back (on Tuesday), it exploded for the fourth time.&nbsp;

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As per an Earth.com report, experts say this might've been its biggest outburst yet. Daily Mail reports that this caused the comet to abruptly brighten more than 100 times, to shine as bright as the Elliptical Galaxy located some 600 million light-years from Earth.

Described as a 'cold volcano', the space rock is about 18 miles in diameter. It is called a cold volcano because it violently ejects ice and gas.&nbsp;

<h2>Previous explosions of Devil Comet</h2>

The last outburst of the so-called Devil Comet happened only two weeks back.

As per Elliot Herman, who has been tracking the comet, "Comet 12P appears to be manifesting more frequent outbursts, a new outburst only two weeks from the prior outburst is now apparent."&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-scientists-detect-eerie-green-glow-in-night-sky-of-mars-659465">In a first, scientists detect eerie green glow in night sky of Mars</a>

"This new outburst is the fourth since the July outburst began the show. Gaps due to cloudy nights."

Its previous outbursts were observed on July 20, and October 5th and the last one happened on November 1st.

The comet will reach its closest point in its orbit of Earth in June 2024. However, it is not a danger to the planet. As estimates say, it will pass by at a safe distance.

Following this, the devil&nbsp;comet with horns will not return for decades, until the year 2095.

Devil Comet with horns, the colossal, cryovolcanic comet three times the size of Mount Everest, has once again experienced an explosive event as it makes its way towards our planet Earth.

Devil Comet with horns, the colossal, cryovolcanic comet three times the size of Mount Everest, has once again experienced an explosive event as it makes its way towards our planet Earth. Devil Comet with horns The colossal comet got the name after two devil-like horns were observed during its previous outbursts. However, this time astronomers did not spot signs of a dark lane in the comet's coma — a hazy cloud which surrounds its nucleus. It is also known as 12P/Pons-Brooks and just a couple of days back (on Tuesday), it exploded for the fourth time. Also read | Dead star called 'Tasmanian devil' releasing signs of life months after explosion As per an Earth.com report, experts say this might've been its biggest outburst yet. Daily Mail reports that this caused the comet to abruptly brighten more than 100 times, to shine as bright as the Elliptical Galaxy located some 600 million light-years from Earth. Described as a 'cold volcano', the space rock is about 18 miles in diameter. It is called a cold volcano because it violently ejects ice and gas. Previous explosions of Devil Comet The last outburst of the so-called Devil Comet happened only two weeks back. As per Elliot Herman, who has been tracking the comet, "Comet 12P appears to be manifesting more frequent outbursts, a new outburst only two weeks from the prior outburst is now apparent." Also read | In a first, scientists detect eerie green glow in night sky of Mars "This new outburst is the fourth since the July outburst began the show. Gaps due to cloudy nights." Its previous outbursts were observed on July 20, and October 5th and the last one happened on November 1st. The comet will reach its closest point in its orbit of Earth in June 2024. However, it is not a danger to the planet. As estimates say, it will pass by at a safe distance. Following this, the devil comet with horns will not return for decades, until the year 2095.

Devil Comet with horns, hurtling towards Earth, has exploded a fourth time

For someone outside the scientific community, the data collected from NASA telescopes can get super-complicated and hard to comprehend when seen on images. But what if the data is used for creating original music that can be played by musicians?&nbsp;

Giving out the details of a new phase of the “sonification” project, NASA said that since 2020 the project at its Chandra X-ray Center has "translated the digital data taken by telescopes into notes and sounds."&nbsp;

The project is enchanting and with its help, anyone can "experience the data through the sense of hearing instead of seeing it as images, a more common way to present astronomical data."&nbsp;

However, a new stride has been made in the project and an earlier unchartered territory has been explored.&nbsp;

A team in collaboration with composer Sophie Kastner has converted the data into music that can now be played by musicians. “It’s like writing a fictional story that is largely based on real facts,” said composer Sophie Kastner and added, “We are taking the data from space that has been translated into sound and putting a new and human twist on it."&nbsp;

<h2>What is the data related?&nbsp;</h2>

This is a pilot programme and the data which is converted into playable music is taken from a small region at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy. This is the region where a supermassive black hole is present.&nbsp;The intriguing region is spread in about 400 light-years.

The telescopes that have delved deep into this region are&nbsp;NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope, and retired Spitzer Space Telescope.

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Chandra visualisation and emerging technology scientist Kimberly Arcand said,&nbsp;"We’ve been working with these data, taken in X-ray, visible, and infrared light, for years."

“Translating these data into sound was a big step, and now with Sophie we are again trying something completely new for us,"&nbsp;Arcand added.&nbsp;

<h2>How is the music created?&nbsp;</h2>

With the help of various kinds of algorithms, the computer first helps in mapping the data to sounds that humans can understand.&nbsp;While working on this project, Kastner zoomed in on small sections of the data image.

She created "spotlights on certain parts of the image that are easily overlooked when the full sonification is played."&nbsp;

“In some ways, this is just another way for humans to interact with the night sky just as they have throughout recorded history,” says Arcand adding, “We are using different tools but the concept of being inspired by the heavens to make art remains the same.”

(With inputs from agencies)

For someone outside the scientific community, the data collected from NASA telescopes can get super-complicated and hard to comprehend when seen on images. But what if the data is used for creating original music that can be played by musicians?

For someone outside the scientific community, the data collected from NASA telescopes can get super-complicated and hard to comprehend when seen on images. But what if the data is used for creating original music that can be played by musicians? Giving out the details of a new phase of the “sonification” project, NASA said that since 2020 the project at its Chandra X-ray Center has "translated the digital data taken by telescopes into notes and sounds." The project is enchanting and with its help, anyone can "experience the data through the sense of hearing instead of seeing it as images, a more common way to present astronomical data." However, a new stride has been made in the project and an earlier unchartered territory has been explored. A team in collaboration with composer Sophie Kastner has converted the data into music that can now be played by musicians. “It’s like writing a fictional story that is largely based on real facts,” said composer Sophie Kastner and added, “We are taking the data from space that has been translated into sound and putting a new and human twist on it." What is the data related? This is a pilot programme and the data which is converted into playable music is taken from a small region at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy. This is the region where a supermassive black hole is present. The intriguing region is spread in about 400 light-years. The telescopes that have delved deep into this region are NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope, and retired Spitzer Space Telescope. × Chandra visualisation and emerging technology scientist Kimberly Arcand said, "We’ve been working with these data, taken in X-ray, visible, and infrared light, for years." “Translating these data into sound was a big step, and now with Sophie we are again trying something completely new for us," Arcand added. How is the music created? With the help of various kinds of algorithms, the computer first helps in mapping the data to sounds that humans can understand. While working on this project, Kastner zoomed in on small sections of the data image. She created "spotlights on certain parts of the image that are easily overlooked when the full sonification is played." “In some ways, this is just another way for humans to interact with the night sky just as they have throughout recorded history,” says Arcand adding, “We are using different tools but the concept of being inspired by the heavens to make art remains the same.” (With inputs from agencies)

'Like writing a fictional story': NASA's telescopic data from Milky Way played by musicians  | WATCH

NASA is calling out the ones who wish to send their names&nbsp;to deep space beyond Mars.

The American space agency in a unique move is giving a chance to all the space enthusiasts to add their name to its Europa clipper.

The names will be added to a microchip that will ride aboard the spacecraft as it explores Jupiter’s moon Europa.

The spacecraft will make the 1.8 billion-mile journey to explore the ringed planet's moon.

The campaign, which is dubbed “Message in a Bottle” by NASA is only six weeks away as it closes at 11:59 pm EST, Dec 31, 2023.

As per the space agency's official website, since the beginning of the campaign, nearly 700,000 names have been submitted.

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Time is running out to send your name to deep space aboard <a href="https://twitter.com/EuropaClipper?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@EuropaClipper</a>! ⏰ 
 
Submit your name by Dec. 31 to be engraved on a chip that will travel 1.8 billion mi (2.6 billion km) to explore one of Jupiter’s moons, Europa. Learn more: <a href="https://t.co/n4TrYrzNC3">https://t.co/n4TrYrzNC3</a> <a href="https://t.co/2XS6ZRnm9k">pic.twitter.com/2XS6ZRnm9k</a>
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&nbsp;

After all the names are gathered, the technicians at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California will engrave them onto a dime-size silicon microchip using an electron beam.

Each line of text will be smaller than 1/1000th the width of a human hair, which is 75 nanometers.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-solve-puzzle-of-origin-of-life-says-bouncing-comets-may-carry-seed-of-life-658866">Scientists solve puzzle of origin of life, says 'bouncing' comets may carry 'seed of life'</a>

<h2>'Message in a bottle'</h2>

The microchip, which will be attached to a metal plate, will be engraved with the original poem “In Praise of Mystery,” penned by US Poet Laureate Ada Limón to celebrate the mission.&nbsp;

The poem and the names will ride on the exterior of the spacecraft and will be like a message in a bottle as they make about 50 close flybys of the ocean world.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/dazzling-discovery-scientists-spot-aurora-like-emission-in-suns-atmosphere-658888">Dazzling discovery: Scientists spot aurora-like emission in Sun's atmosphere</a>

"The mission will log a half-billion miles (800 million kilometres) during these orbits as the spacecraft’s payload of science instruments gathers data on Europa’s subsurface ocean, icy crust, and atmosphere to determine if the moon could support life," said NASA's official website.

After the assembly of Europa Clipper is completed at JPL, the orbiter will be shipped to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida in preparation for its October 2024 launch.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA is calling out the ones who wish to send their names to deep space beyond Mars. The American space agency in a unique move is giving a chance to all the space enthusiasts to add their name to its Europa clipper.

NASA is calling out the ones who wish to send their names to deep space beyond Mars. The American space agency in a unique move is giving a chance to all the space enthusiasts to add their name to its Europa clipper. The names will be added to a microchip that will ride aboard the spacecraft as it explores Jupiter’s moon Europa. The spacecraft will make the 1.8 billion-mile journey to explore the ringed planet's moon. The campaign, which is dubbed “Message in a Bottle” by NASA is only six weeks away as it closes at 11:59 pm EST, Dec 31, 2023. As per the space agency's official website, since the beginning of the campaign, nearly 700,000 names have been submitted. Time is running out to send your name to deep space aboard @EuropaClipper! ⏰ Submit your name by Dec. 31 to be engraved on a chip that will travel 1.8 billion mi (2.6 billion km) to explore one of Jupiter’s moons, Europa. Learn more: https://t.co/n4TrYrzNC3 pic.twitter.com/2XS6ZRnm9k — NASA (@NASA) November 13, 2023 × After all the names are gathered, the technicians at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California will engrave them onto a dime-size silicon microchip using an electron beam. Each line of text will be smaller than 1/1000th the width of a human hair, which is 75 nanometers. Also read: Scientists solve puzzle of origin of life, says 'bouncing' comets may carry 'seed of life' 'Message in a bottle' The microchip, which will be attached to a metal plate, will be engraved with the original poem “In Praise of Mystery,” penned by US Poet Laureate Ada Limón to celebrate the mission. The poem and the names will ride on the exterior of the spacecraft and will be like a message in a bottle as they make about 50 close flybys of the ocean world. Also read: Dazzling discovery: Scientists spot aurora-like emission in Sun's atmosphere "The mission will log a half-billion miles (800 million kilometres) during these orbits as the spacecraft’s payload of science instruments gathers data on Europa’s subsurface ocean, icy crust, and atmosphere to determine if the moon could support life," said NASA's official website. After the assembly of Europa Clipper is completed at JPL, the orbiter will be shipped to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida in preparation for its October 2024 launch. (With inputs from agencies)

Space enthusiasts can now send their names to Jupiter's moon Europa

Residents within an 80-kilometre&nbsp;radius of Beltrami County, Minnesota, reported witnessing a bright flash and hearing a "sonic boom" in the sky on Monday night (Nov 13).

To uncover this mysterious episode, NASA astronomers and local astrophysics professors are collaborating. Footage from an airport captured a "horizontal" object streaking across the sky, leading experts to believe it was not a typical meteorite.

<h2>What do NASA scientists suspect it to be?</h2>

NASA examined airport footage displaying a distinctive object's trajectory as the sonic boom resonated.

A meteorite specialist estimated the object's size as that of a refrigerator, entering the atmosphere at speeds ranging from 48,000 -&nbsp;2,09,300&nbsp;kilometres&nbsp;per hour.

Despite initial concerns, Beltrami County Emergency Management dismissed it as a meteorite due to its proximity to Earth.

Watch the video here:

Disclaimer: WION cannot independently verify photos or videos shared on social media.

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Minnesota residents across a 50-mile radius reported seeing a bright flash and a thunderous 'sonic boom' in the sky over Beltrami County Monday night. <a href="https://t.co/0U1GNx1JFT">pic.twitter.com/0U1GNx1JFT</a>
— Shadow of Ezra (@ShadowofEzra) <a href="https://twitter.com/ShadowofEzra/status/1724907295585485139?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 15, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Local physicist Juan Cabanilla expressed scepticism to the DailyMail about the event being a standard meteorite, considering the timing of the explosion.

Security videos from private residences and Bemidji Regional Airport showed a bright flash, a white line through the airport, and a loud bang.

The airport video, analysed by NASA and an astronomer, raised doubts about the object's meteorite nature.

Beltrami County Emergency Management considered a possible transformer explosion but found no evidence.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-space-explosion-was-so-powerful-that-it-shook-earths-upper-atmosphere-when-struck-it-658980">Also read |&nbsp;A 1-in-10,000-year radiation burst was so powerful that it shook Earth's upper atmosphere</a>

Reviewing additional airport footage, the director noticed insects flying around during the incident. While exploring terrestrial explanations, the airport's "fast white line" was reconsidered as likely being an insect landing on a pole.

Despite reports of a UFO, Beltrami County Emergency Management, consulting with NASA, dismissed&nbsp;the incident as unlikely to be a flying saucer.

Multiple videos and a "full-sky camera" revealed no signs of a meteor, strengthening the argument for a terrestrial event. While the mystery persists, residents and experts remain intrigued by the unusual celestial occurrence.

(With inputs from agencies)

 
&nbsp;

Residents within an 80-kilometre radius of Beltrami County, Minnesota, reported witnessing a bright flash and hearing a "sonic boom" in the sky on Monday night (Nov 13).

Residents within an 80-kilometre radius of Beltrami County, Minnesota, reported witnessing a bright flash and hearing a "sonic boom" in the sky on Monday night (Nov 13). To uncover this mysterious episode, NASA astronomers and local astrophysics professors are collaborating. Footage from an airport captured a "horizontal" object streaking across the sky, leading experts to believe it was not a typical meteorite. What do NASA scientists suspect it to be? NASA examined airport footage displaying a distinctive object's trajectory as the sonic boom resonated. A meteorite specialist estimated the object's size as that of a refrigerator, entering the atmosphere at speeds ranging from 48,000 - 2,09,300 kilometres per hour. Despite initial concerns, Beltrami County Emergency Management dismissed it as a meteorite due to its proximity to Earth. Watch the video here: Disclaimer: WION cannot independently verify photos or videos shared on social media. Minnesota residents across a 50-mile radius reported seeing a bright flash and a thunderous 'sonic boom' in the sky over Beltrami County Monday night. pic.twitter.com/0U1GNx1JFT — Shadow of Ezra (@ShadowofEzra) November 15, 2023 × Local physicist Juan Cabanilla expressed scepticism to the DailyMail about the event being a standard meteorite, considering the timing of the explosion. Security videos from private residences and Bemidji Regional Airport showed a bright flash, a white line through the airport, and a loud bang. The airport video, analysed by NASA and an astronomer, raised doubts about the object's meteorite nature. Beltrami County Emergency Management considered a possible transformer explosion but found no evidence. Also read | A 1-in-10,000-year radiation burst was so powerful that it shook Earth's upper atmosphere Reviewing additional airport footage, the director noticed insects flying around during the incident. While exploring terrestrial explanations, the airport's "fast white line" was reconsidered as likely being an insect landing on a pole. Despite reports of a UFO, Beltrami County Emergency Management, consulting with NASA, dismissed the incident as unlikely to be a flying saucer. Multiple videos and a "full-sky camera" revealed no signs of a meteor, strengthening the argument for a terrestrial event. While the mystery persists, residents and experts remain intrigued by the unusual celestial occurrence. (With inputs from agencies)

Experts say sonic boom & flash in Minnesota were not from a meteorite. Was it a UFO?

NASA has recently shared a captivating image of the universe, offering an unprecedented level of detail. This image was created by combining data from two powerful space telescopes: the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope.

The featured image showcases a distant pair of colliding galaxy clusters. What makes this visualisation remarkable is that it combines infrared data from the James Webb Space Telescope with visible light observations collected by the Hubble Space Telescope. This combination spans a vast range of light wavelengths, resulting in a picture that seems to sparkle with colours.

These particular galaxy clusters, known by the technical designation MACS0416, are situated about 4.3 billion light years away from Earth. Scientists studying these clusters anticipate that they will eventually merge to form an even larger cluster.

Interestingly, the scientists involved in this extensive study have informally dubbed this bundle of celestial objects the "Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster." This nickname is derived from the distinctive and polychromatic appearance of the clusters in the image.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-want-to-give-space-a-socially-conscious-makeover-push-for-renaming-magellan-galaxies-658473">Also read:&nbsp;Astronomers want to give space a socially conscious makeover, push for renaming Magellan galaxies</a>

"We're calling MACS0416 the Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster, both because it's so colourful and because of these flickering lights we find within it. We can see transients everywhere," Haojing Yan, an astronomer and professor at the University of Missouri, who was the lead author of one paper reviewing the results of the joint galactic study by Webb and Hubble, said in a statement.

The announcement from NASA includes several images of the Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster. One of these images provides a magnified view of a background galaxy, featuring a star nicknamed "Mothra."

Watch:&nbsp;Cosmic journey: Space balloons &amp; space station visit part of the tour

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Scientists estimate that Mothra existed approximately 3 billion years after the big bang, roughly 11 billion years ago. To put this into perspective, our solar system's sun formed around 4.6 billion years ago, around the same time as Earth.

These galaxy clusters, captured in the new images, are part of a series of super-deep views of the universe initiated by NASA's Frontier Fields program, which began in 2014 with the Hubble Space Telescope.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA has recently shared a captivating image of the universe, offering an unprecedented level of detail. This image was created by combining data from two powerful space telescopes: the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope.

NASA has recently shared a captivating image of the universe, offering an unprecedented level of detail. This image was created by combining data from two powerful space telescopes: the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope. The featured image showcases a distant pair of colliding galaxy clusters. What makes this visualisation remarkable is that it combines infrared data from the James Webb Space Telescope with visible light observations collected by the Hubble Space Telescope. This combination spans a vast range of light wavelengths, resulting in a picture that seems to sparkle with colours. These particular galaxy clusters, known by the technical designation MACS0416, are situated about 4.3 billion light years away from Earth. Scientists studying these clusters anticipate that they will eventually merge to form an even larger cluster. Interestingly, the scientists involved in this extensive study have informally dubbed this bundle of celestial objects the "Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster." This nickname is derived from the distinctive and polychromatic appearance of the clusters in the image. Also read: Astronomers want to give space a socially conscious makeover, push for renaming Magellan galaxies "We're calling MACS0416 the Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster, both because it's so colourful and because of these flickering lights we find within it. We can see transients everywhere," Haojing Yan, an astronomer and professor at the University of Missouri, who was the lead author of one paper reviewing the results of the joint galactic study by Webb and Hubble, said in a statement. The announcement from NASA includes several images of the Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster. One of these images provides a magnified view of a background galaxy, featuring a star nicknamed "Mothra." Watch: Cosmic journey: Space balloons & space station visit part of the tour × Scientists estimate that Mothra existed approximately 3 billion years after the big bang, roughly 11 billion years ago. To put this into perspective, our solar system's sun formed around 4.6 billion years ago, around the same time as Earth. These galaxy clusters, captured in the new images, are part of a series of super-deep views of the universe initiated by NASA's Frontier Fields program, which began in 2014 with the Hubble Space Telescope. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA combines data from two telescopes, releases stunning image of cosmic ‘Christmas Tree’

Elon Musk's SpaceX on Saturday (Nov 11) launched its Transporter-9 mission, a 'rideshare' flight that carried 90 payloads.&nbsp;

With this, SpaceX delivered over 1,000 tonnes into the orbit, which&nbsp;Musk&nbsp;says is a new 'world record'.

<h2>Musk claims world record</h2>

A few hours after the space flight took off from California, Elon Musk took to X, formerly Twitter, to announce that with this "Falcon has delivered over 1000 tonnes to orbit this year, a world record".

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/trouble-in-space-soaring-costs-of-nasas-mars-sample-return-mission-risks-other-projects-657819">Trouble in space: Soaring costs of NASA's Mars Sample Return Mission risk other significant projects</a>

In another post, Musk claimed that SpaceX's delivery could only be followed by the Soviet Union at its "peak" and in modern times can be compared to China — which he said has only undertaken one fourth of the payload.

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This is significantly more than any country has launched with their entire rocket fleet in a year. Second is peak Soviet Union at ~500 tons. 
 
For a present day comparison, the rest of the world has delivered ~250 tons to orbit so far this year, mostly by China.
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1723425755739082961?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 11, 2023</a></blockquote>
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"This is significantly more than any country has launched with their entire rocket fleet in a year. Second is peak Soviet Union at ~500 tonnes."

"For a present day comparison, the rest of the world has delivered ~250 tonnes to orbit so far this year, mostly by China."

<h2>The space 'rideshare'</h2>

The Transporter-9 was launched by SpaceX's Falcon-9 rocket from the Vandenberg Space Force Base in California at 10:49 am local time (1:49 pm EST; 1849 GMT) on November 11.

As per SpaceX mission details, this was "the 12th launch and landing of this Falcon 9 stage booster."

The 90 payloads included CubeSats, MicroSats, and orbital transfer vehicles, which, according to the mission description, will deploy more spacecraft at a later stage.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/curiosity-remains-strong-nasa-curiosity-rover-clocks-4000-days-in-mars-punishingly-cold-environment-656736">'Curiosity remains strong': Curiosity rover clocks 4,000 days in Mars' 'punishingly cold environment'</a>

"During this mission, 90 payloads were expected to deploy from Falcon 9 across 89 deployments, and 86 deployments have been confirmed," added the mission description on the SpaceX website.

Transporter 9, as per space.com, is SpaceX's 82nd orbital mission this year. This year, the rocket maker has broken its own previous record of 61 launches — in 2022. While the mission's 90 payloads are for sure hefty, Elon Musk's company holds the record of sending 143 satellites to orbit — with its Transporter-1 mission in January 2021.

(With inputs from agencies)

Elon Musk's SpaceX on Saturday (Nov 11) launched its Transporter-9 mission, a 'rideshare' flight that carried 90 payloads. With this, SpaceX delivered over 1,000 tonnes into the orbit, which Musk says is a new 'world record'.

Elon Musk's SpaceX on Saturday (Nov 11) launched its Transporter-9 mission, a 'rideshare' flight that carried 90 payloads. With this, SpaceX delivered over 1,000 tonnes into the orbit, which Musk says is a new 'world record'. Musk claims world record A few hours after the space flight took off from California, Elon Musk took to X, formerly Twitter, to announce that with this "Falcon has delivered over 1000 tonnes to orbit this year, a world record". Also read | Trouble in space: Soaring costs of NASA's Mars Sample Return Mission risk other significant projects In another post, Musk claimed that SpaceX's delivery could only be followed by the Soviet Union at its "peak" and in modern times can be compared to China — which he said has only undertaken one fourth of the payload. This is significantly more than any country has launched with their entire rocket fleet in a year. Second is peak Soviet Union at ~500 tons. For a present day comparison, the rest of the world has delivered ~250 tons to orbit so far this year, mostly by China. — Elon Musk (@elonmusk) November 11, 2023 × "This is significantly more than any country has launched with their entire rocket fleet in a year. Second is peak Soviet Union at ~500 tonnes." "For a present day comparison, the rest of the world has delivered ~250 tonnes to orbit so far this year, mostly by China." The space 'rideshare' The Transporter-9 was launched by SpaceX's Falcon-9 rocket from the Vandenberg Space Force Base in California at 10:49 am local time (1:49 pm EST; 1849 GMT) on November 11. As per SpaceX mission details, this was "the 12th launch and landing of this Falcon 9 stage booster." The 90 payloads included CubeSats, MicroSats, and orbital transfer vehicles, which, according to the mission description, will deploy more spacecraft at a later stage. Also read | 'Curiosity remains strong': Curiosity rover clocks 4,000 days in Mars' 'punishingly cold environment' "During this mission, 90 payloads were expected to deploy from Falcon 9 across 89 deployments, and 86 deployments have been confirmed," added the mission description on the SpaceX website. Transporter 9, as per space.com, is SpaceX's 82nd orbital mission this year. This year, the rocket maker has broken its own previous record of 61 launches — in 2022. While the mission's 90 payloads are for sure hefty, Elon Musk's company holds the record of sending 143 satellites to orbit — with its Transporter-1 mission in January 2021. (With inputs from agencies)

Elon Musk claims 'world record' for SpaceX delivering over 1,000 tonnes to orbit in 2023

NASA's ambitious Mars Sample Return mission, which is one of the most complex space endeavours, is in jeopardy.

As per a report in The Guardian, the space mission faces soaring costs that threaten a budget crisis for the space agency.

<h2>What is the Mars Sample Return mission?</h2>

The Mars Sample Return mission aims to collect rock samples from Mars using unmanned probes and robot rovers, which will be sent back to Earth for analysis to search for signs of life. The mission involves the first-ever space launch from another planet and the first-ever rendezvous in orbit around another planet.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/curiosity-remains-strong-nasa-curiosity-rover-clocks-4000-days-in-mars-punishingly-cold-environment-656736">'Curiosity remains strong': Curiosity rover clocks 4,000 days in Mars' 'punishingly cold environment'</a>

It relies on the robot rover Perseverance, which is already on Mars collecting rock samples. These samples will be stored in titanium tubes and, in a few years, a lander will be sent to Mars to collect the tubes and place them in orbit around Mars.&nbsp;

An Earth return orbiter, built by the European Space Agency, will then ferry the samples back to Earth.

<h2>The soaring costs</h2>

An independent review panel, set up by NASA, found that the mission's budget expectations were "unrealistic". It warned that the mission, whose cost&nbsp;was originally estimated at $4.4 billion, is likely to rise to $8-11 billion.&nbsp;

This, it said, could put other NASA missions at risk of cancellation.

"There is currently no credible, congruent technical, nor properly margined schedule, cost and technical baselines that can be accomplished with the likely available funding," said the panel's report. &nbsp;

It concluded that there is "near zero probability" of NASA's plan succeeding on its current budget.

The rising costs have already led to the postponement of other NASA-funded projects, including the Veritas mission to study Venus and the Geospace Dynamics Constellation mission to study the upper atmosphere.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/mexican-congress-deems-three-fingered-mummies-real-but-refrains-from-confirming-alien-origins-656555">Mexican congress deems three-fingered mummies 'real,' but refrains from confirming alien origins</a>

"You are cutting the artery, the lifeblood of our science," said plasma physicist Allison Jaynes of Iowa University while talking to the journal Science.

Scientists and experts express concerns about the impact on NASA's overall scientific endeavours.

"All of NASA science is taking a hit because of the Mars Sample Return burden," she added.

<h2>What is causing this increase in cost?</h2>

Challenges, including underestimating the size of the spacecraft needed to take samples off Mars, complexities in preventing contamination, and supply shortages, have contributed to the cost escalation, reports The Guardian.&nbsp;

Furthermore, the mission also failed to take into consideration the steps that would need to be undertaken to prevent Earth bacteria and viruses from contaminating soil samples from Mars. It didn't account for Martian lifeforms infecting our planet.&nbsp;

While some leading scientists have called for the mission's cancellation, others emphasise its transformative potential. Despite the budget crisis, supporters argue that the mission's scientific significance warrants its continuation.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA's ambitious Mars Sample Return mission, which is one of the most complex space endeavours, is in jeopardy. As per a report in The Guardian, the space mission faces soaring costs that threaten a budget crisis for the space agency.

NASA's ambitious Mars Sample Return mission, which is one of the most complex space endeavours, is in jeopardy. As per a report in The Guardian, the space mission faces soaring costs that threaten a budget crisis for the space agency. What is the Mars Sample Return mission? The Mars Sample Return mission aims to collect rock samples from Mars using unmanned probes and robot rovers, which will be sent back to Earth for analysis to search for signs of life. The mission involves the first-ever space launch from another planet and the first-ever rendezvous in orbit around another planet. Also read | 'Curiosity remains strong': Curiosity rover clocks 4,000 days in Mars' 'punishingly cold environment' It relies on the robot rover Perseverance, which is already on Mars collecting rock samples. These samples will be stored in titanium tubes and, in a few years, a lander will be sent to Mars to collect the tubes and place them in orbit around Mars. An Earth return orbiter, built by the European Space Agency, will then ferry the samples back to Earth. The soaring costs An independent review panel, set up by NASA, found that the mission's budget expectations were "unrealistic". It warned that the mission, whose cost was originally estimated at $4.4 billion, is likely to rise to $8-11 billion. This, it said, could put other NASA missions at risk of cancellation. "There is currently no credible, congruent technical, nor properly margined schedule, cost and technical baselines that can be accomplished with the likely available funding," said the panel's report. It concluded that there is "near zero probability" of NASA's plan succeeding on its current budget. The rising costs have already led to the postponement of other NASA-funded projects, including the Veritas mission to study Venus and the Geospace Dynamics Constellation mission to study the upper atmosphere. Also read | Mexican congress deems three-fingered mummies 'real,' but refrains from confirming alien origins "You are cutting the artery, the lifeblood of our science," said plasma physicist Allison Jaynes of Iowa University while talking to the journal Science. Scientists and experts express concerns about the impact on NASA's overall scientific endeavours. "All of NASA science is taking a hit because of the Mars Sample Return burden," she added. What is causing this increase in cost? Challenges, including underestimating the size of the spacecraft needed to take samples off Mars, complexities in preventing contamination, and supply shortages, have contributed to the cost escalation, reports The Guardian. Furthermore, the mission also failed to take into consideration the steps that would need to be undertaken to prevent Earth bacteria and viruses from contaminating soil samples from Mars. It didn't account for Martian lifeforms infecting our planet. While some leading scientists have called for the mission's cancellation, others emphasise its transformative potential. Despite the budget crisis, supporters argue that the mission's scientific significance warrants its continuation. (With inputs from agencies)

Trouble in space: Soaring costs of NASA's Mars Sample Return Mission risk other significant projects

Billionaire Elon Musk must be a happy man right now. That's because a fellow billionaire, Ron Baron, is bullish on SpaceX's future prospects. In an interview with a U.S. News network, Baron said that Elon Musk's SpaceX will be worth about 500 billion by 2030.

SpaceX to be worth $500 bn by 2030?

An asteroid, as big as an aeroplane, is hurtling towards Earth at a breakneck speed of 34,727 kilometres per hour and NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) is tracking this space rock. 
 
The asteroid is set to make its closest approach to Earth on November 9 when it passes at a distance of 2.4 million kilometres from the surface of the Earth.

<h2>Is the asteroid hazardous for Earth?</h2>

As per NASA, the asteroid's size is not big enough to be marked as a Potentially Hazardous Object. A celestial object which is at least 492 feet wide and passes at a distance less than 7.5 million kilometres from Earth is considered a Potentially Hazardous Object. 
 
However, Asteroid 2023 VC is only 91 feet wide which makes it as big as an aeroplane. But, even an aeroplane-sized asteroid can have a potential impact on Earth.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/alien-worlds-nasas-telescope-hunts-down-8-super-earths-to-solve-cosmic-puzzle-656913">Alien worlds: NASA's telescope hunts down 8 'super-Earths' to solve cosmic puzzle</a>

The asteroid is part of the Apollo group of Near-Earth Asteroids, which are a type of Earth-crossing space rocks and have semi-major axes which are larger in comparison to that of Earth. The asteroids, which belong to this group, have been named after the humongous 1862 Apollo asteroid, which was found in the 1930s by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth. 
 
This will be the first-ever close approach of Asteroid 2023 VC towards our planet in history. According to data collected by NASA, the asteroid is not likely to pass across any planet in the near future.

<h2>NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory tracks asteroid's orbit</h2>

The asteroid's orbit is being tracked by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and its characteristics are being studied by them as part of their near-Earth object programme. 
 
Similar to other asteroids, Asteroid 2023 VC has also been formed through a process&nbsp;called “accretion”.

WATCH |&nbsp;Cosmic journey: Space balloons &amp; space station visit part of the tour

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The process involves&nbsp;dust specks and tiny particles colliding with each other and sticking together because of gravity in a protoplanetary disc and eventually taking the form of larger bodies like asteroids. 
 
Near-Earth objects (NEOs) like Asteroid 2023 VC are closely monitored by NASA and other space agencies to ensure they do not threaten our planet. 
 
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOs) use different methods to detect and monitor such objects, like using the Sentry system, comparing different images, funding related projects and conducting telescopic search efforts. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

An asteroid, as big as an aeroplane, is hurtling towards Earth at a breakneck speed of 34,727 kilometres per hour and NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) is tracking this space rock.

An asteroid, as big as an aeroplane, is hurtling towards Earth at a breakneck speed of 34,727 kilometres per hour and NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) is tracking this space rock. The asteroid is set to make its closest approach to Earth on November 9 when it passes at a distance of 2.4 million kilometres from the surface of the Earth. Is the asteroid hazardous for Earth? As per NASA, the asteroid's size is not big enough to be marked as a Potentially Hazardous Object. A celestial object which is at least 492 feet wide and passes at a distance less than 7.5 million kilometres from Earth is considered a Potentially Hazardous Object. However, Asteroid 2023 VC is only 91 feet wide which makes it as big as an aeroplane. But, even an aeroplane-sized asteroid can have a potential impact on Earth. ALSO READ | Alien worlds: NASA's telescope hunts down 8 'super-Earths' to solve cosmic puzzle The asteroid is part of the Apollo group of Near-Earth Asteroids, which are a type of Earth-crossing space rocks and have semi-major axes which are larger in comparison to that of Earth. The asteroids, which belong to this group, have been named after the humongous 1862 Apollo asteroid, which was found in the 1930s by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth. This will be the first-ever close approach of Asteroid 2023 VC towards our planet in history. According to data collected by NASA, the asteroid is not likely to pass across any planet in the near future. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory tracks asteroid's orbit The asteroid's orbit is being tracked by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and its characteristics are being studied by them as part of their near-Earth object programme. Similar to other asteroids, Asteroid 2023 VC has also been formed through a process called “accretion”. WATCH | Cosmic journey: Space balloons & space station visit part of the tour The process involves dust specks and tiny particles colliding with each other and sticking together because of gravity in a protoplanetary disc and eventually taking the form of larger bodies like asteroids. Near-Earth objects (NEOs) like Asteroid 2023 VC are closely monitored by NASA and other space agencies to ensure they do not threaten our planet. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOs) use different methods to detect and monitor such objects, like using the Sentry system, comparing different images, funding related projects and conducting telescopic search efforts. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA tracks an aeroplane-sized asteroid hurtling towards Earth

Frank Borman, the astronaut who commanded Apollo 8's historic flight, died at 95 on Tuesday in Billings, Montana. On Thursday, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson stated, "Today, we remember one of NASA's best.

Frank Borman, the astronaut who commanded Apollo 8's historic flight, died at 95 on Tuesday in Billings, Montana. On Thursday, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson stated, "Today, we remember one of NASA's best. Astronaut Frank Borman was a true American hero. His lifelong love for aviation and exploration was only surpassed by his love for his wife, Susan." Here's everything you need to know about Frank Borman. Frank Borman's Early Life & Education Frank Borman was born in Gary, Indiana, in 1928 but grew up in Tucson, Arizona. He earned a bachelor of science degree in 1950 from the US Military Academy at West Point. After graduation, Borman worked as a US Air Force fighter pilot and instructor at West Point. In 1956, he moved to Pasadena, California, to earn a master of science degree in aeronautical engineering from the California Institute of Technology. Borman was one of the nine pilots selected by NASA for the astronaut programme in 1962. Frank Borman Career Frank Borman is best known for his contribution to the Apollo 8 mission at NASA. He and his crew, James Lovell and William Anders, were on the first Apollo mission to fly to the Moon. ALSO READ | NASA tracks an aeroplane-sized asteroid hurtling towards Earth In December 1968, the Apollo 8 trio spent three days travelling to the Moon. They entered the lunar orbit on Christmas Eve and headed home on December 27 after circling the Moon ten times. They transmitted television pictures back to the Earth. After three years, Borman and Lovell made the Gemini 7 endurance flight in which they remained in space for 330 hours 35 minutes. In his book, Countdown: An Autobiography, Borman wrote Apollo 8 was supposed to orbit Earth. He also wrote about how the Earth looked from afar. He received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor from President Jimmy Carter. In 1970, Borman resigned from NASA and joined Eastern Air Lines. He was the CEO of Eastern Air Lines from 1975 to 1986. Borman was also on the board of the laser company Patlex from 1988 to 1996. Two years later, he started a cattle ranch in Bighorn, Montana. Frank Borman Family In 1950, Frank married his high school sweetheart, Susan Bugbee, who passed away in 2021. He is survived by his two sons, Fred and Edwin, and their families. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Who was Frank Borman? Astronaut who commanded first crewed flight around Moon

A major breakthrough was made by scientists in NASA, with the help of the James Webb Space Telescope, as they found out how planets came into existence. 
 
The telescope observed the water vapour in protoplanetary disks, after which it confirmed a physical process which included the drifting of ice-coated solids from the disk's outer regions into the rocky planet zone. 
 
For years, scientific theories have stated that the icy pebbles, which were formed in the protoplanetary disks' cold, outer regions were the fundamental element in the formation of the planet. This is&nbsp;the same area from where the comets came into existence in our solar system. 
 
These theories necessitated the drifting of pebbles inward towards the star because of friction in the gaseous disk, which will help in providing both water and solids to planets. 
 
As per this theory, icy pebbles are likely to release large amounts of cold water vapour when entering into the warmer region within the “snowline”. This was what James Webb&nbsp;observed.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/life-on-venus-astronomers-detect-oxygen-in-dayside-atmosphere-of-planet-656694">Life on Venus? Astronomers detect oxygen in dayside atmosphere of planet</a>

“Webb finally revealed the connection between water vapour in the inner disk and the drift of icy pebbles from the outer disk,” stated principal investigator Andrea Banzatti of Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, as quoted by NASA. He added, “This finding opens up exciting prospects for studying rocky planet formation with Webb!” 
 
“In the past, we had this very static picture of planet formation, almost like there were these isolated zones that planets formed out of,” team member Colette Salyk of Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York explained. 
 
“Now we actually have evidence that these zones can interact with each other. It’s also something that is proposed to have happened in our solar system,” he stated in a press release.

<h2>Solving the mystery of planets</h2>

When the data from observations first came in, the research team was left puzzled by the results. 
 
“For two months, we were stuck on these preliminary results that were telling us that the compact disks had colder water, and the large disks had hotter water overall. This made no sense, because we had selected a sample of stars with very similar temperatures,” stated Banzatti.

WATCH |&nbsp;Remains of an ancient planet lie deep within earth

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/remains-of-an-ancient-planet-lie-deep-within-earth-654586/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Banzatti said that when the data was overlaid by him from the compact disks onto the data collected from the large disks, the answer emerged clearly.

There was extra cool water inside the snowline in the compact disks, which is 10 times closer than the orbit of Neptune. 
 
“Now we finally see unambiguously that it is the colder water that has an excess,” stated Banzatti, adding, “This is unprecedented and entirely due to Webb’s higher resolving power!”

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

A major breakthrough was made by scientists in NASA, with the help of the James Webb Space Telescope, as they found out how planets came into existence. The telescope observed the water vapour in protoplanetary disks, after which it confirmed a physical process which included the drifting of ice-coated solids from the disk's outer regions into the rocky planet zone.

A major breakthrough was made by scientists in NASA, with the help of the James Webb Space Telescope, as they found out how planets came into existence. The telescope observed the water vapour in protoplanetary disks, after which it confirmed a physical process which included the drifting of ice-coated solids from the disk's outer regions into the rocky planet zone. For years, scientific theories have stated that the icy pebbles, which were formed in the protoplanetary disks' cold, outer regions were the fundamental element in the formation of the planet. This is the same area from where the comets came into existence in our solar system. These theories necessitated the drifting of pebbles inward towards the star because of friction in the gaseous disk, which will help in providing both water and solids to planets. As per this theory, icy pebbles are likely to release large amounts of cold water vapour when entering into the warmer region within the “snowline”. This was what James Webb observed. ALSO READ | Life on Venus? Astronomers detect oxygen in dayside atmosphere of planet “Webb finally revealed the connection between water vapour in the inner disk and the drift of icy pebbles from the outer disk,” stated principal investigator Andrea Banzatti of Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, as quoted by NASA. He added, “This finding opens up exciting prospects for studying rocky planet formation with Webb!” “In the past, we had this very static picture of planet formation, almost like there were these isolated zones that planets formed out of,” team member Colette Salyk of Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York explained. “Now we actually have evidence that these zones can interact with each other. It’s also something that is proposed to have happened in our solar system,” he stated in a press release. Solving the mystery of planets When the data from observations first came in, the research team was left puzzled by the results. “For two months, we were stuck on these preliminary results that were telling us that the compact disks had colder water, and the large disks had hotter water overall. This made no sense, because we had selected a sample of stars with very similar temperatures,” stated Banzatti. WATCH | Remains of an ancient planet lie deep within earth Banzatti said that when the data was overlaid by him from the compact disks onto the data collected from the large disks, the answer emerged clearly. There was extra cool water inside the snowline in the compact disks, which is 10 times closer than the orbit of Neptune. “Now we finally see unambiguously that it is the colder water that has an excess,” stated Banzatti, adding, “This is unprecedented and entirely due to Webb’s higher resolving power!” (With inputs from agencies)

James Webb telescope helps NASA scientists discover how planets were formed

NASA's Curiosity Rover has clocked a historic milestone by spending 4,000 Martian days exploring the red planet.

The car-sized rover reached Mars on 6 August 2012, and has been on the barren planet ever since, "busy conducting exciting science".

<h2>'Staying strong'</h2>

Celebrating the 11-year-long journey, NASA on its website wrote: "The mission team is making sure the robotic scientist, now in its fourth extended mission, is staying strong, despite wear and tear from its 11-year journey."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/where-exactly-on-mars-should-humans-go-nasa-scientists-release-a-map-653058">Where exactly on Mars should humans go? NASA scientists release a map</a>

The rover, which at the time of its launch was the largest and the most advanced rover ever sent to Mars, aimed to determine if the alien planet was ever able to support microbial life.

<h2>Curiosity Rover's achievements</h2>

The rover's samples have helped scientists establish that the planet in ancient times had a huge network of rivers flowing with life-giving water.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-curiosity-rover-finds-evidence-mars-was-once-a-planet-of-rivers-651444">Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers'</a>

Just last month, this exciting find was published by researchers in the journal 'Geophysical Research Letters'.

"We're finding evidence that Mars was likely a planet of rivers," said the research's lead author, Benjamin Cardenas, a geoscientist at Penn State University, at the time.

Slowly ascending the 3-mile-tall (5-kilometer-tall) Mount Sharp, Curiosity has helped us know a lot about Mars. Mount Sharp, the tall geological structure, as per NASA, is composed of many layers that formed during different parts of Martian history.

Recently, the resilient rover collected a sample from its target, nicknamed 'Sequoia'. This sample will help "reveal more about how the climate and habitability of Mars evolved as this region became enriched in sulfates – minerals that likely formed in salty water that was evaporating as Mars first began drying up billions of years ago".

Eventually, the planet's water disappeared. Ashwin Vasavada, Curiosity’s project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, said: "The types of sulfate and carbonate minerals that Curiosity’s instruments have identified in the last year help us understand what Mars was like so long ago. We've been anticipating these results for decades, and now Sequoia will tell us even more."

"Curiosity remains strong," says NASA.

During its 4,000-plus day or 11-year-long journey, the rover has driven almost 20 miles (32 kilometres) through Mars' "punishingly cold environment bathed in dust and radiation".&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA's Curiosity Rover has clocked a historic milestone by spending 4,000 Martian days exploring the red planet. The car-sized rover reached Mars on 6 August 2012, and has been on the barren planet ever since, "busy conducting exciting science".

NASA's Curiosity Rover has clocked a historic milestone by spending 4,000 Martian days exploring the red planet. The car-sized rover reached Mars on 6 August 2012, and has been on the barren planet ever since, "busy conducting exciting science". 'Staying strong' Celebrating the 11-year-long journey, NASA on its website wrote: "The mission team is making sure the robotic scientist, now in its fourth extended mission, is staying strong, despite wear and tear from its 11-year journey." Also read | Where exactly on Mars should humans go? NASA scientists release a map The rover, which at the time of its launch was the largest and the most advanced rover ever sent to Mars, aimed to determine if the alien planet was ever able to support microbial life. Curiosity Rover's achievements The rover's samples have helped scientists establish that the planet in ancient times had a huge network of rivers flowing with life-giving water. Also read | Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers' Just last month, this exciting find was published by researchers in the journal 'Geophysical Research Letters'. "We're finding evidence that Mars was likely a planet of rivers," said the research's lead author, Benjamin Cardenas, a geoscientist at Penn State University, at the time. Slowly ascending the 3-mile-tall (5-kilometer-tall) Mount Sharp, Curiosity has helped us know a lot about Mars. Mount Sharp, the tall geological structure, as per NASA, is composed of many layers that formed during different parts of Martian history. Recently, the resilient rover collected a sample from its target, nicknamed 'Sequoia'. This sample will help "reveal more about how the climate and habitability of Mars evolved as this region became enriched in sulfates – minerals that likely formed in salty water that was evaporating as Mars first began drying up billions of years ago". Eventually, the planet's water disappeared. Ashwin Vasavada, Curiosity’s project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, said: "The types of sulfate and carbonate minerals that Curiosity’s instruments have identified in the last year help us understand what Mars was like so long ago. We've been anticipating these results for decades, and now Sequoia will tell us even more." "Curiosity remains strong," says NASA. During its 4,000-plus day or 11-year-long journey, the rover has driven almost 20 miles (32 kilometres) through Mars' "punishingly cold environment bathed in dust and radiation". (With inputs from agencies)

'Curiosity remains strong': Curiosity rover clocks 4,000 days in Mars' 'punishingly cold environment'

The air pollution level in India's capital city New Delhi continues to be 'severely bad' category as the authorities adopt emergency measures like shutting down schools and imposing traffic curbs. 
 
The worsening air quality has been a result of many factors, with stubble burning in neighbouring states and harmful emissions from vehicles being the chief contributors. 
 
The Worldview satellite of NASA was able to capture the toxic smog hovering in the northern parts of India on November 7. However, in the image captured, smog was seen enveloping areas from Pakistan to the Bay of Bengal.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/how-delhis-artificial-rain-plan-is-a-potential-solution-to-pollution-crisis-656631">How Delhi's artificial rain plan is a potential solution to pollution crisis</a>

In the satellite data, the smog was seen coupled with a sharp increase in smoke rising from farm fires in North India.

<h2>New Delhi remains the worst hit by air pollution</h2>

As per the data collected by NASA, there has been a sharp rise in the number of farm fires since October 29.

On October 29, the state saw a 740 per cent increase in farm fires, with&nbsp;1,068 incidents recorded, the highest record of stubble burning in one day in the current harvesting season. 
 
As the air quality index (AQI) went as high as 500 in some areas of the capital city. New Delhi remained on the top of the most polluted cities index from the last six days. 
 
The government invoked Stage 4 of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), a set of anti-pollution guidelines, and a ban has been placed on construction activities and diesel trucks in the national capital.

WATCH |&nbsp;India: Odd-even policy in Delhi from Nov 13 to Nov 20

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/india-odd-even-policy-in-delhi-from-nov-13-to-nov-20-655803/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

The governments of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab have been asked by the Supreme Court to urgently speak with the Centre on how the farm fires should be stopped. 
 
The court stated that it would not allow this issue to turn into a political battle, emphasising that the choking air quality is leading to the "murder of people's health". 
 
The Delhi government led by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal has been planning to create artificial rain in the capital on November 20-21, which is likely to provide relief to residents from the pollution. 
 
A meeting was held by Delhi Environment Minister Gopal Rai and Finance Minister Atishi with a team from IIT Kanpur which had stated that a spell of artificial rain is likely to help resolve this air emergency.

(With inputs from agencies)

The air pollution level in India's capital city New Delhi continues to be 'severely bad' category as the authorities adopt emergency measures like shutting down schools and imposing traffic curbs.

The air pollution level in India's capital city New Delhi continues to be 'severely bad' category as the authorities adopt emergency measures like shutting down schools and imposing traffic curbs. The worsening air quality has been a result of many factors, with stubble burning in neighbouring states and harmful emissions from vehicles being the chief contributors. The Worldview satellite of NASA was able to capture the toxic smog hovering in the northern parts of India on November 7. However, in the image captured, smog was seen enveloping areas from Pakistan to the Bay of Bengal. ALSO READ | How Delhi's artificial rain plan is a potential solution to pollution crisis In the satellite data, the smog was seen coupled with a sharp increase in smoke rising from farm fires in North India. New Delhi remains the worst hit by air pollution As per the data collected by NASA, there has been a sharp rise in the number of farm fires since October 29. On October 29, the state saw a 740 per cent increase in farm fires, with 1,068 incidents recorded, the highest record of stubble burning in one day in the current harvesting season. As the air quality index (AQI) went as high as 500 in some areas of the capital city. New Delhi remained on the top of the most polluted cities index from the last six days. The government invoked Stage 4 of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), a set of anti-pollution guidelines, and a ban has been placed on construction activities and diesel trucks in the national capital. WATCH | India: Odd-even policy in Delhi from Nov 13 to Nov 20 The governments of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab have been asked by the Supreme Court to urgently speak with the Centre on how the farm fires should be stopped. The court stated that it would not allow this issue to turn into a political battle, emphasising that the choking air quality is leading to the "murder of people's health". The Delhi government led by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal has been planning to create artificial rain in the capital on November 20-21, which is likely to provide relief to residents from the pollution. A meeting was held by Delhi Environment Minister Gopal Rai and Finance Minister Atishi with a team from IIT Kanpur which had stated that a spell of artificial rain is likely to help resolve this air emergency. (With inputs from agencies)

India: NASA's satellite images show smog not only in Delhi but from Punjab to Bay of Bengal

The Kepler space telescope has been able to identify the majority of the exoplanets, which is more than 5,500 in total. 
 
However, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has been adding more alien worlds to the ever-increasing planetary catalogue of the cosmos. 
 
With the help of statistical methods to look through large quantities of data of TESS, a group of scientists, headed by University of New South Wales' Ph.D. student Priyashkumar Mistry, discovered eight new exoplanets. 
 
As per NASA, each one of these newly-discovered planets is a "super-Earth", which is a type of exoplanet that is bigger than Earth but smaller compared to Neptune.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-to-delve-deep-into-mysterious-signals-from-hell-like-exoplanet-using-james-webb-telescope-649138">This 'hell-like' exoplanet has been sending mysterious signals. JWST will now help find out why</a>

Nearly 400 exoplanets have been confirmed by TESS to date, and 6,977 planets await confirmation. The nearby stars are observed by the satellite, and the dips and fluctuations in their brightness are noted. 
 
If such dips are spotted, they indicate that something crossed between Earth and the star, which can be a new exoplanet. 
 
"If this orbital motion ever comes between us and the star we will observe a dip in the brightness of that observed star. This is what we call a transit," said Mistry, while speaking to Space.com. 
 
The Validation of Transiting Exoplanets using Statistical Tools (VaTEST) project was used by Mistry and his team for identifying anomalies, which helped in detecting the presence of exoplanets in the data of TESS.

<h2>Importance of statistical tools</h2>

Only the transiting exoplanets do not cause such dips, it can also be a result of a star orbiting another star (binary system) which may have generated a transit-like signal. 
 
Mistry stated that the transit method only helps in getting the radius of an orbiting body. Generally, a method called radial velocity (RV) is used to understand the mass of a transiting object.

WATCH |&nbsp;European Space Agency released first images taken by Euclid's telescope

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/european-space-agency-released-first-images-taken-by-euclids-telescope-656604/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

It can take a lot of time to detect the RV signal as astronomers keep on observing just one star, especially if the exoplanet has a long orbital period. 
 
However, Mistry and his team were provided by VaTEST with another means to confirm if these transiting events were a result of orbiting exoplanets. 
 
"The tool takes in the transit data and some inputs such as transit depth, period, TESS identifier, etc. Then based on that it starts fitting different models on the data and performs some probability calculations. And then finally it calculates False Positive Probability (FPP), if it turns out to be &lt; 1% then we can validate that transit signal as a planetary transit," Mistry stated.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

The Kepler space telescope has been able to identify the majority of the exoplanets, which is more than 5,500 in total. However, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has been adding more alien worlds to the ever-increasing planetary catalogue of the cosmos.

The Kepler space telescope has been able to identify the majority of the exoplanets, which is more than 5,500 in total. However, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has been adding more alien worlds to the ever-increasing planetary catalogue of the cosmos. With the help of statistical methods to look through large quantities of data of TESS, a group of scientists, headed by University of New South Wales' Ph.D. student Priyashkumar Mistry, discovered eight new exoplanets. As per NASA, each one of these newly-discovered planets is a "super-Earth", which is a type of exoplanet that is bigger than Earth but smaller compared to Neptune. ALSO READ | This 'hell-like' exoplanet has been sending mysterious signals. JWST will now help find out why Nearly 400 exoplanets have been confirmed by TESS to date, and 6,977 planets await confirmation. The nearby stars are observed by the satellite, and the dips and fluctuations in their brightness are noted. If such dips are spotted, they indicate that something crossed between Earth and the star, which can be a new exoplanet. "If this orbital motion ever comes between us and the star we will observe a dip in the brightness of that observed star. This is what we call a transit," said Mistry, while speaking to Space.com. The Validation of Transiting Exoplanets using Statistical Tools (VaTEST) project was used by Mistry and his team for identifying anomalies, which helped in detecting the presence of exoplanets in the data of TESS. Importance of statistical tools Only the transiting exoplanets do not cause such dips, it can also be a result of a star orbiting another star (binary system) which may have generated a transit-like signal. Mistry stated that the transit method only helps in getting the radius of an orbiting body. Generally, a method called radial velocity (RV) is used to understand the mass of a transiting object. WATCH | European Space Agency released first images taken by Euclid's telescope It can take a lot of time to detect the RV signal as astronomers keep on observing just one star, especially if the exoplanet has a long orbital period. However, Mistry and his team were provided by VaTEST with another means to confirm if these transiting events were a result of orbiting exoplanets. "The tool takes in the transit data and some inputs such as transit depth, period, TESS identifier, etc. Then based on that it starts fitting different models on the data and performs some probability calculations. And then finally it calculates False Positive Probability (FPP), if it turns out to be < 1% then we can validate that transit signal as a planetary transit," Mistry stated. (With inputs from agencies)

Alien worlds: NASA's telescope hunts down 8 'super-Earths' to solve cosmic puzzle

NASA's Lucy mission has discovered a remarkable binary asteroid system in the first downlinked images. Initially, the two lobes of the contact binary appeared aligned during the closest approach, but additional images showed&nbsp;the system's true nature.

Earlier, the spacecraft beamed back images showing that Dinkinesh or Dinky had a satellite, its very own moon around it. Now some astounding information about this moon has come to light. This satellite orbiting Dinkinesh is not one but two conjoined space rocks, that is&nbsp;two smaller objects in contact with one another.

This means that the entire system comprises not one, or two rocks, but is actually made up of three space rocks.&nbsp;

"It is puzzling, to say the least," Hal Levison, principal investigator for Lucy, said in a statement. "I would have never expected a system that looks like this. In particular, I don't understand why the two components of the satellite have similar sizes. This is going to be fun for the scientific community to figure out."

While contact binaries are not uncommon in the solar system, observing them up close is infrequent. What makes this discovery particularly unique is that one asteroid orbits another. Dinkinesh had shown peculiar brightness variations, hinting at the presence of a satellite.

“Contact binaries seem to be fairly common in the solar system,” said John Spencer, Lucy deputy project scientist, of the Boulder, Colorado, branch of the San-Antonio-based Southwest Research Institute.

“We haven’t seen many up-close, and we’ve never seen one orbiting another asteroid. We’d been puzzling over odd variations in Dinkinesh’s brightness that we saw on approach, which gave us a hint that Dinkinesh might have a moon of some sort, but we never suspected anything so bizarre!,” he added.&nbsp;

Lucy's primary objective is to explore Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, with the encounter with a small, main belt asteroid like Dinkinesh added in early 2023.

This served as a test of the spacecraft's tracking and imaging system during high-speed flybys.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/stargazers-beware-saturns-rings-will-vanish-soon-heres-when-656374">Also read |&nbsp;Stargazers beware! Saturn's rings will vanish soon. Here's when</a>

<h2>Scientific community faces a puzzle</h2>

The binary asteroid system's characteristics have always confused scientists, especially the similarity in size between the two components of the satellite.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-oldest-black-hole-dating-back-470-million-years-after-big-bang-656068">Also read |&nbsp;Oldest black hole was formed 470 million years after Big Bang, and it has just been found</a>

The Lucy mission is currently processing additional data from the encounter. Dinkinesh and its satellite are just the first of 11 asteroids that Lucy will explore during its 12-year journey.

(With inputs from agents)

&nbsp;

NASA's Lucy mission has discovered a remarkable binary asteroid system in the first downlinked images. Initially, the two lobes of the contact binary appeared aligned during the closest approach, but additional images showed the system's true nature.

NASA's Lucy mission has discovered a remarkable binary asteroid system in the first downlinked images. Initially, the two lobes of the contact binary appeared aligned during the closest approach, but additional images showed the system's true nature. Earlier, the spacecraft beamed back images showing that Dinkinesh or Dinky had a satellite, its very own moon around it. Now some astounding information about this moon has come to light. This satellite orbiting Dinkinesh is not one but two conjoined space rocks, that is two smaller objects in contact with one another. This means that the entire system comprises not one, or two rocks, but is actually made up of three space rocks. "It is puzzling, to say the least," Hal Levison, principal investigator for Lucy, said in a statement. "I would have never expected a system that looks like this. In particular, I don't understand why the two components of the satellite have similar sizes. This is going to be fun for the scientific community to figure out." While contact binaries are not uncommon in the solar system, observing them up close is infrequent. What makes this discovery particularly unique is that one asteroid orbits another. Dinkinesh had shown peculiar brightness variations, hinting at the presence of a satellite. “Contact binaries seem to be fairly common in the solar system,” said John Spencer, Lucy deputy project scientist, of the Boulder, Colorado, branch of the San-Antonio-based Southwest Research Institute. “We haven’t seen many up-close, and we’ve never seen one orbiting another asteroid. We’d been puzzling over odd variations in Dinkinesh’s brightness that we saw on approach, which gave us a hint that Dinkinesh might have a moon of some sort, but we never suspected anything so bizarre!,” he added. Lucy's primary objective is to explore Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, with the encounter with a small, main belt asteroid like Dinkinesh added in early 2023. This served as a test of the spacecraft's tracking and imaging system during high-speed flybys. Also read | Stargazers beware! Saturn's rings will vanish soon. Here's when Scientific community faces a puzzle The binary asteroid system's characteristics have always confused scientists, especially the similarity in size between the two components of the satellite. Also read | Oldest black hole was formed 470 million years after Big Bang, and it has just been found The Lucy mission is currently processing additional data from the encounter. Dinkinesh and its satellite are just the first of 11 asteroids that Lucy will explore during its 12-year journey. (With inputs from agents)

Asteroid Dinky's moon continues to shock scientists as latest images make startling revelation

Saturn, the giant planet known for its rings, will soon lose its crowning glory. As per NASA, the gas planet's famous interstellar hoops will soon disappear — thankfully they are not going out of existence, we just won't be able to see them any more.

<h2>Why are Saturn's rings disappearing?</h2>

Saturn's rings will vanish from our planet's view because of its tilting within its axis of orbit. Basically, the planet, as it makes its way around the sun once more, will tilt and the face we are used to — the one with the famous rings, will go out of view.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-nasa-to-send-nuclear-powered-dragonfly-to-saturns-moon-titan-heres-all-you-need-to-know-651572">Explained: NASA to send 'nuclear-powered' Dragonfly to Saturn's moon Titan. Here's all you need to know</a>

Saturn makes the journey around the sun in about 30 Earth years. Throughout this journey, based on the planet's tilt, its rings are more or less visible, according to NASA.

"For nearly half of Saturn's orbit, the sun shines on the south side of the rings. For the other half, it shines on the north side," notes a NASA transcript as quoted by USA Today.

<h2>When will Saturn's rings disappear?</h2>

Stargazers should try to enjoy the view while they can. As per NASA estimates, the rings will disappear in about 18 months, around March 2025.&nbsp;

Currently, Saturn's tilt is angled downwards at nine degrees and in 2024, this will decrease to a barely visible 3.7 degrees. Finally, in March 2025, it will hit zero degrees, which as per Earth.com will be akin to seeing "a sheet of paper edge-on when it’s positioned at the far end of a soccer field."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-curiosity-rover-finds-evidence-mars-was-once-a-planet-of-rivers-651444">Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers'</a>

However, we need not worry, the rings will return soon. By 2032, Saturn's angle of tilt will once again be 27 degrees, which will offer the optimal view of its rings.

<h2>Do Saturn's rings vanish often?</h2>

They go out of view every few years, but experts estimate that they may eventually disappear out of existence. However, this won't happen in our lifetimes, or in our children's. It will actually take a few hundred million years.&nbsp;

Saturn has seven distinct rings, that are made up of ice, rocky debris and dust. As per NASA, it is believed that these are the remains of comets, asteroids and moons that were pulled apart by the planet's powerful gravitational pull. These celestial hoops extend some 70,000 to 140,000 kilometres — the equivalent of the width of 30 Earths. Yet, in most places they are very thin — only 90 metres.

(With inputs from agencies)

Saturn, the giant planet known for its rings, will soon lose its crowning glory. As per NASA, the gas planet's famous interstellar hoops will soon disappear — thankfully they are not going out of existence, we just won't be able to see them any more.

Saturn, the giant planet known for its rings, will soon lose its crowning glory. As per NASA, the gas planet's famous interstellar hoops will soon disappear — thankfully they are not going out of existence, we just won't be able to see them any more. Why are Saturn's rings disappearing? Saturn's rings will vanish from our planet's view because of its tilting within its axis of orbit. Basically, the planet, as it makes its way around the sun once more, will tilt and the face we are used to — the one with the famous rings, will go out of view. Also read | Explained: NASA to send 'nuclear-powered' Dragonfly to Saturn's moon Titan. Here's all you need to know Saturn makes the journey around the sun in about 30 Earth years. Throughout this journey, based on the planet's tilt, its rings are more or less visible, according to NASA. "For nearly half of Saturn's orbit, the sun shines on the south side of the rings. For the other half, it shines on the north side," notes a NASA transcript as quoted by USA Today. When will Saturn's rings disappear? Stargazers should try to enjoy the view while they can. As per NASA estimates, the rings will disappear in about 18 months, around March 2025. Currently, Saturn's tilt is angled downwards at nine degrees and in 2024, this will decrease to a barely visible 3.7 degrees. Finally, in March 2025, it will hit zero degrees, which as per Earth.com will be akin to seeing "a sheet of paper edge-on when it’s positioned at the far end of a soccer field." Also read | Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers' However, we need not worry, the rings will return soon. By 2032, Saturn's angle of tilt will once again be 27 degrees, which will offer the optimal view of its rings. Do Saturn's rings vanish often? They go out of view every few years, but experts estimate that they may eventually disappear out of existence. However, this won't happen in our lifetimes, or in our children's. It will actually take a few hundred million years. Saturn has seven distinct rings, that are made up of ice, rocky debris and dust. As per NASA, it is believed that these are the remains of comets, asteroids and moons that were pulled apart by the planet's powerful gravitational pull. These celestial hoops extend some 70,000 to 140,000 kilometres — the equivalent of the width of 30 Earths. Yet, in most places they are very thin — only 90 metres. (With inputs from agencies)

Stargazers beware! Saturn's rings will vanish soon. Here's when

To err is human, and astronauts are no different.

On November 2, when NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral O’Hara were conducting repairs on the International Space Station’s (ISS) solar panels, they accidentally let&nbsp;a tool bag slip away.

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Last seen by <a href="https://twitter.com/Astro_Satoshi?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Astro_Satoshi</a> while floating over Mount Fuji 🗻 the 'Orbital Police' can confirm that the lost EVA gear is being tracked 🫡 <a href="https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM">https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM</a> <a href="https://t.co/eksfu9fPFw">pic.twitter.com/eksfu9fPFw</a>
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Now, it is orbiting Earth, and some sky observers might actually spot it using binoculars at around magnitude +6.

<h2>What happened?</h2>

While spacewalkers were conducting repairs on the solar panel unit, they inadvertently lost one tool bag. Later, the bag was spotted using external station cameras.&nbsp;

Fortunately, the tool bag was no longer required in the repair operation. Later, NASA scientists predicted the bag’s trajectory and concluded that it posed no risk to the ISS or the onboard crew.

<h2>What will happen to the tool bag?</h2>

The tool bag is expected to orbit around Earth for a few months, during which it will continue to descend until 70 miles or 113 kilometres.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Cosmic journey: Space balloons &amp; space station visit part of the tour

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After reaching there, it will start to disintegrate in Earth’s atmosphere.

<h2>Can people on Earth see the tool bag?</h2>

Observers who can see the ISS can also spot the tool bag, extremely bright for its size, hovering near the space station.

They should scan the sky just ahead of the space station, using binoculars, for the next few weeks.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/beam-me-up-scotty-scientists-to-use-sci-fi-beam-to-get-rid-of-real-space-junk-655715">Also read:&nbsp;`Beam me up, Scotty`: Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk</a>

As the small object gradually loses height, it should appear a few seconds ahead of the ISS.

<h2>Previous such instances</h2>

Interestingly, on November 18, 2008, astronauts lost a similar repair kit during an operation outside the ISS.

It was visible from Earth even months later, just ahead of the ISS. Astronauts have lost several such items previously as well which are now part of the junkyard in near-Earth orbit.

(With inputs from agencies)

To err is human, and astronauts are no different. On November 2, when NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral O’Hara were conducting repairs on the International Space Station’s (ISS) solar panels, they accidentally let a tool bag slip away.

To err is human, and astronauts are no different. On November 2, when NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral O’Hara were conducting repairs on the International Space Station’s (ISS) solar panels, they accidentally let a tool bag slip away. Last seen by @Astro_Satoshi while floating over Mount Fuji 🗻 the 'Orbital Police' can confirm that the lost EVA gear is being tracked 🫡 https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM pic.twitter.com/eksfu9fPFw — Dr Meganne Christian (@astro_meganne) November 5, 2023 × Now, it is orbiting Earth, and some sky observers might actually spot it using binoculars at around magnitude +6. What happened? While spacewalkers were conducting repairs on the solar panel unit, they inadvertently lost one tool bag. Later, the bag was spotted using external station cameras. Fortunately, the tool bag was no longer required in the repair operation. Later, NASA scientists predicted the bag’s trajectory and concluded that it posed no risk to the ISS or the onboard crew. What will happen to the tool bag? The tool bag is expected to orbit around Earth for a few months, during which it will continue to descend until 70 miles or 113 kilometres. Watch: Cosmic journey: Space balloons & space station visit part of the tour × After reaching there, it will start to disintegrate in Earth’s atmosphere. Can people on Earth see the tool bag? Observers who can see the ISS can also spot the tool bag, extremely bright for its size, hovering near the space station. They should scan the sky just ahead of the space station, using binoculars, for the next few weeks. Also read: `Beam me up, Scotty`: Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk As the small object gradually loses height, it should appear a few seconds ahead of the ISS. Previous such instances Interestingly, on November 18, 2008, astronauts lost a similar repair kit during an operation outside the ISS. It was visible from Earth even months later, just ahead of the ISS. Astronauts have lost several such items previously as well which are now part of the junkyard in near-Earth orbit. (With inputs from agencies)

Watch: Astronauts accidentally let a tool bag slip away in space. Now it is orbiting Earth

If we could turn back time to 4.6 billion years ago and capture the birth of our Sun on camera, we might find a similar scene to the stunning new image obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

The image shows a star being born, that as per a report by The Guardian is estimated to be no more than 50,000 years old.

<h2>What the image shows</h2>

The image is of HH212, and at the centre of this object is a young star coming into existence.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/beam-me-up-scotty-scientists-to-use-sci-fi-beam-to-get-rid-of-real-space-junk-655715">'Beam me up, Scotty': Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk</a>

As per the report, you can't see the glow from the protostar itself because it is hidden within a sense, spinning disk of gas and dust. Instead, we see pinky-red jets, which can be seen being emitted dramatically in polar opposite directions.

<h2>What is HH212?&nbsp;</h2>

HH212, positioned in the Orion constellation, is situated near the three bright stars constituting the "belt" of the mythical hunter 'Orion'.&nbsp;

Roughly 1,300 light-years away from Earth, this object is a remarkable example of a developing star regulating its own birth through the propulsion of gases.&nbsp;

Talking to the BBC, European Space Agency senior scientific adviser Professor Mark McCaughrean explained, "As the blobby ball of gas at the centre compacts down, it rotates. But if it rotates too fast, it will fly apart, so something has to get rid of the angular momentum."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/forget-glass-ceiling-new-study-finds-women-likely-to-be-set-up-to-fall-off-of-glass-cliff-655791">Forget 'glass ceiling,' new study finds women likely to be set up to fall off of 'glass cliff'</a>

"We think it's jets and outflows. We think that as all the material shrinks down, magnetic fields are pulled together and then some of the material coming in through the disc gets captured in magnetic fields and is thrown out through the poles. That's why we call these structures bi-polar," he added.

The pinky-red hues indicate the presence of molecular hydrogen, while shockwaves course through the outflows, giving them their radiant glow — visible in the picture — at an infrared wavelength of 2.12 microns.&nbsp;

JWST's Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) captured this striking image. Astronomers have been observing HH212 for decades, but the precision of the Webb telescope's view is ten times superior to any previous observation, offering an unprecedented opportunity to understand the intricate processes of star formation.

(With inputs from agencies)

If we could turn back time to 4.6 billion years ago and capture the birth of our Sun on camera, we might find a similar scene to the stunning new image obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

If we could turn back time to 4.6 billion years ago and capture the birth of our Sun on camera, we might find a similar scene to the stunning new image obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The image shows a star being born, that as per a report by The Guardian is estimated to be no more than 50,000 years old. What the image shows The image is of HH212, and at the centre of this object is a young star coming into existence. Also read | 'Beam me up, Scotty': Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk As per the report, you can't see the glow from the protostar itself because it is hidden within a sense, spinning disk of gas and dust. Instead, we see pinky-red jets, which can be seen being emitted dramatically in polar opposite directions. What is HH212? HH212, positioned in the Orion constellation, is situated near the three bright stars constituting the "belt" of the mythical hunter 'Orion'. Roughly 1,300 light-years away from Earth, this object is a remarkable example of a developing star regulating its own birth through the propulsion of gases. Talking to the BBC, European Space Agency senior scientific adviser Professor Mark McCaughrean explained, "As the blobby ball of gas at the centre compacts down, it rotates. But if it rotates too fast, it will fly apart, so something has to get rid of the angular momentum." Also read | Forget 'glass ceiling,' new study finds women likely to be set up to fall off of 'glass cliff' "We think it's jets and outflows. We think that as all the material shrinks down, magnetic fields are pulled together and then some of the material coming in through the disc gets captured in magnetic fields and is thrown out through the poles. That's why we call these structures bi-polar," he added. The pinky-red hues indicate the presence of molecular hydrogen, while shockwaves course through the outflows, giving them their radiant glow — visible in the picture — at an infrared wavelength of 2.12 microns. JWST's Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) captured this striking image. Astronomers have been observing HH212 for decades, but the precision of the Webb telescope's view is ten times superior to any previous observation, offering an unprecedented opportunity to understand the intricate processes of star formation. (With inputs from agencies)

Into the depths of creation: James Webb Space telescope's new image shows spectacular birth of a star

Those people who have a keen interest in space and wish to spot where NASA's International Space Station (ISS) is located in the sky have now been given a digital tool for it. 
 
NASA has released a new app called "Spot The Station" which allows people to see where the ISS is hanging in space. The application can be downloaded for free on Android and iOS devices. 
 
The application is a step ahead in the space agency's already existing official website "Spot the Station". It will have more information and capabilities to enhance the tracking experience of the International Space Station (ISS) for both casual stargazers and NASA acolytes.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-what-exactly-is-nasas-lucy-mission-654833">Explained | What exactly is NASA's Lucy Mission?</a>

Speaking about the application in an official statement, NASA said, "An augmented reality interface makes it easier for users to locate the station and provides options for capturing and sharing pictures and videos of their sightings in real-time. With the power of augmented reality, the app's built-in compass will show you where the space station is — even if you're on the other side of the globe. Users also can sign up for mobile notifications of upcoming viewing opportunities based on their exact location."

<h2>People free to access, modify and customise 'Spot the Station'</h2>

The International Space Station Programme created the application at NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Centre of Excellence for Collaborative Innovation. 
 
This is a special branch of the Prizes, Challenges and Crowdsourcing programme in the Space Technology Mission Directorate of the agency. 
 
The code "Spot the Station" has been open source for public to freely acces it, customise as well as modify it to suit their needs and to provide valuable feedback to developer. 
 
"Even after 23 years of continuous human presence aboard the International Space Station, it's incredibly exciting to see the station when you look up at just the right moment," said Robyn Gatens, International Space Station director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, in the same statement of NASA.

Watch |&nbsp;NASA reveals long-awaited findings of UFO report

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"The orbiting laboratory that continues to provide so many unique, tangible benefits for humanity really isn’t that far out of reach,” he added. 
 
"Spot the Station" was released officially just a month before the 25th anniversary of ISS, Zarya and Unity modules had come together on December 6, 1998. 
 
NASA astronaut Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev became the first people to live on a space station on November 2, 2000.

(With inputs from agencies)

 
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Those people who have a keen interest in space and wish to spot where NASA's International Space Station (ISS) is located in the sky have now been given a digital tool for it.

Those people who have a keen interest in space and wish to spot where NASA's International Space Station (ISS) is located in the sky have now been given a digital tool for it. NASA has released a new app called "Spot The Station" which allows people to see where the ISS is hanging in space. The application can be downloaded for free on Android and iOS devices. The application is a step ahead in the space agency's already existing official website "Spot the Station". It will have more information and capabilities to enhance the tracking experience of the International Space Station (ISS) for both casual stargazers and NASA acolytes. ALSO READ | Explained | What exactly is NASA's Lucy Mission? Speaking about the application in an official statement, NASA said, "An augmented reality interface makes it easier for users to locate the station and provides options for capturing and sharing pictures and videos of their sightings in real-time. With the power of augmented reality, the app's built-in compass will show you where the space station is — even if you're on the other side of the globe. Users also can sign up for mobile notifications of upcoming viewing opportunities based on their exact location." People free to access, modify and customise 'Spot the Station' The International Space Station Programme created the application at NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Centre of Excellence for Collaborative Innovation. This is a special branch of the Prizes, Challenges and Crowdsourcing programme in the Space Technology Mission Directorate of the agency. The code "Spot the Station" has been open source for public to freely acces it, customise as well as modify it to suit their needs and to provide valuable feedback to developer. "Even after 23 years of continuous human presence aboard the International Space Station, it's incredibly exciting to see the station when you look up at just the right moment," said Robyn Gatens, International Space Station director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, in the same statement of NASA. Watch | NASA reveals long-awaited findings of UFO report "The orbiting laboratory that continues to provide so many unique, tangible benefits for humanity really isn’t that far out of reach,” he added. "Spot the Station" was released officially just a month before the 25th anniversary of ISS, Zarya and Unity modules had come together on December 6, 1998. NASA astronaut Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev became the first people to live on a space station on November 2, 2000. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

'Spot the Station': NASA will now let people check location of space station through mobile app

Astronomers have uncovered a scorching seven-planet system through the continued analysis of data from NASA's retired Kepler space telescope, the space agency said in a statement. These planets get intense heat emitted by their host star, far more than any celestial body within our solar system.

Intriguingly, all seven planets in this newly discovered system, named Kepler-385, stand out for their unique characteristics. They are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune, setting them apart from our immediate cosmic neighbours.

Such planets are relatively rare in the universe. Kepler-385 is among the select few planetary systems known to house more than six confirmed planets or planet candidates.

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The unveiling of Kepler-385 is a highlight in the latest Kepler catalog, a compilation of nearly 4,400 planet candidates. This catalog remarkably encompasses over 700 multi-planet systems.&nbsp;

Jack Lissauer, a research scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley and the lead author of the catalog, stated, "We've assembled the most accurate list of Kepler planet candidates and their properties to date."

The Kepler mission is instrumental in expanding our understanding of these celestial bodies. “NASA’s Kepler mission has discovered the majority of known exoplanets, and this new catalog will enable astronomers to learn more about their characteristics," Lissauer added.&nbsp;

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<h2>Kepler-385 system</h2>

At the heart of the Kepler-385 system lies a star akin to our Sun. It is 10 per cent larger and 5 per cent hotter.

Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/why-are-some-countries-changing-their-clock-timings-trending-on-wion-654804">Why are some countries changing their clock timings? Trending on WION</a>

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Two inner planets, slightly larger than Earth, are likely composed of rock and may possess thin atmospheres. In contrast, the remaining five planets are substantially larger, each boasting a radius about twice that of Earth, and are expected to be cloaked in thick atmospheres.

"The ability to describe the properties of the Kepler-385 system in such detail is a testament to the quality of this latest catalog of exoplanets. While the Kepler mission’s final catalogs focused on producing lists optimised to measure how common planets are around other stars, this study focuses on producing a comprehensive list that provides accurate information about each of the systems, making discoveries like Kepler-385 possible," NASA statement read.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

&nbsp;

Astronomers have uncovered a scorching seven-planet system through the continued analysis of data from NASA's retired Kepler space telescope, the space agency said in a statement.

Astronomers have uncovered a scorching seven-planet system through the continued analysis of data from NASA's retired Kepler space telescope, the space agency said in a statement. These planets get intense heat emitted by their host star, far more than any celestial body within our solar system. Intriguingly, all seven planets in this newly discovered system, named Kepler-385, stand out for their unique characteristics. They are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune, setting them apart from our immediate cosmic neighbours. Such planets are relatively rare in the universe. Kepler-385 is among the select few planetary systems known to house more than six confirmed planets or planet candidates. Also Read | Poland considered a dangerous enemy by Russia: Putin ally The unveiling of Kepler-385 is a highlight in the latest Kepler catalog, a compilation of nearly 4,400 planet candidates. This catalog remarkably encompasses over 700 multi-planet systems. Jack Lissauer, a research scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley and the lead author of the catalog, stated, "We've assembled the most accurate list of Kepler planet candidates and their properties to date." The Kepler mission is instrumental in expanding our understanding of these celestial bodies. “NASA’s Kepler mission has discovered the majority of known exoplanets, and this new catalog will enable astronomers to learn more about their characteristics," Lissauer added. Also Read | Russia: Pussy Riot activist sentenced in absentia over Bucha claims Kepler-385 system At the heart of the Kepler-385 system lies a star akin to our Sun. It is 10 per cent larger and 5 per cent hotter. Watch | Why are some countries changing their clock timings? Trending on WION × Two inner planets, slightly larger than Earth, are likely composed of rock and may possess thin atmospheres. In contrast, the remaining five planets are substantially larger, each boasting a radius about twice that of Earth, and are expected to be cloaked in thick atmospheres. "The ability to describe the properties of the Kepler-385 system in such detail is a testament to the quality of this latest catalog of exoplanets. While the Kepler mission’s final catalogs focused on producing lists optimised to measure how common planets are around other stars, this study focuses on producing a comprehensive list that provides accurate information about each of the systems, making discoveries like Kepler-385 possible," NASA statement read. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA's Kepler telescope finds a new seven-planet system

NASA’s Lucy spacecraft flew past asteroid Dinkinesh on Nov 1, marking its first flyby since its launch. But to everyone’s surprise, asteroid Dinkinesh is not one but actually made up of two tiny space rocks. This means, Lucy has flown past two small asteroids in a single shot, making this a one-of-a-kind event in space exploration.&nbsp;

Lucy zoomed by the small asteroid Dinkinesh, also known as Dinky, on Wednesday and sent back its images to Earth. These images revealed that Dinkinesh has an even smaller space rock orbiting it, which is essentially its "satellite".&nbsp;Scientists at NASA were amazed at this discovery and called it “marvellous.”

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Han Levinson, who is the principal investigator for Lucy from Southwest Research Institute, said, “Dinkinesh really did live up to its name; this is marvellous.” He was referring to the meaning of Dinkinesh in the Amharic language, “marvellous.”

<h2>Asteroid Dinkinesh is actually a binary unit</h2>

This discovery doesn’t come as a surprise to NASA scientists though, as the Lucy team has been wondering for quite a long time if Dinkinesh might be a binary unit, i.e., is it made up of two extremely tiny space rocks? The observation was based on Lucy's instrument’s readings as it measured a change in the brightness with time. But as the images came, all doubts were cleared.

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This is why we explore. Turns out that asteroid Dinkinesh is… asteroids Dinkinesh? During the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/LucyMission?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#LucyMission</a>’s first asteroid flyby on Nov. 1, we discovered that the main belt asteroid is a party of two, or binary pair! <a href="https://t.co/3aYWLvWmOw">https://t.co/3aYWLvWmOw</a> <a href="https://t.co/IX2ZHHtRdK">pic.twitter.com/IX2ZHHtRdK</a>
— NASA Solar System (@NASASolarSystem) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASASolarSystem/status/1720143596811104371?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 2, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Dinkinesh is a close binary. From a preliminary analysis of the first available images, the team estimates that the larger body is approximately 0.5 miles (790 m) at its widest, while the smaller is about 0.15 miles (220 m) in size, NASA said in a press release.

The team believe that this encounter has served as an in-flight test of the spacecraft, specifically focusing on testing the system that allows Lucy to autonomously track an asteroid while flying past at 10,000 mph. This system is referred to as the terminal tracking system.

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“This is an awesome series of images. They indicate that the terminal tracking system worked as intended, even when the universe presented us with a more difficult target than we expected,” said Tom Kennedy, guidance and navigation engineer at Lockheed Martin in Littleton, Colorado.

The Lucy team will now take another week to completely unravel, or in this case, downlink all the data coming from the spacecraft. The team will use this data to evaluate the spacecraft’s behaviour during the encounter and to prepare for the next close-up look at the main belt asteroid, Donaldjohanson, in 2025.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA’s Lucy spacecraft flew past asteroid Dinkinesh on Nov 1, marking its first flyby since its launch. But to everyone’s surprise, asteroid Dinkinesh is not one but actually made up of two tiny space rocks.

NASA’s Lucy spacecraft flew past asteroid Dinkinesh on Nov 1, marking its first flyby since its launch. But to everyone’s surprise, asteroid Dinkinesh is not one but actually made up of two tiny space rocks. This means, Lucy has flown past two small asteroids in a single shot, making this a one-of-a-kind event in space exploration. Lucy zoomed by the small asteroid Dinkinesh, also known as Dinky, on Wednesday and sent back its images to Earth. These images revealed that Dinkinesh has an even smaller space rock orbiting it, which is essentially its "satellite". Scientists at NASA were amazed at this discovery and called it “marvellous.” Also Read | China: Sizeable hole spotted in parachute used by astronauts landing from Tiangong space station. Watch Han Levinson, who is the principal investigator for Lucy from Southwest Research Institute, said, “Dinkinesh really did live up to its name; this is marvellous.” He was referring to the meaning of Dinkinesh in the Amharic language, “marvellous.” Asteroid Dinkinesh is actually a binary unit This discovery doesn’t come as a surprise to NASA scientists though, as the Lucy team has been wondering for quite a long time if Dinkinesh might be a binary unit, i.e., is it made up of two extremely tiny space rocks? The observation was based on Lucy's instrument’s readings as it measured a change in the brightness with time. But as the images came, all doubts were cleared. This is why we explore. Turns out that asteroid Dinkinesh is… asteroids Dinkinesh? During the #LucyMission’s first asteroid flyby on Nov. 1, we discovered that the main belt asteroid is a party of two, or binary pair! https://t.co/3aYWLvWmOw pic.twitter.com/IX2ZHHtRdK — NASA Solar System (@NASASolarSystem) November 2, 2023 × Dinkinesh is a close binary. From a preliminary analysis of the first available images, the team estimates that the larger body is approximately 0.5 miles (790 m) at its widest, while the smaller is about 0.15 miles (220 m) in size, NASA said in a press release. The team believe that this encounter has served as an in-flight test of the spacecraft, specifically focusing on testing the system that allows Lucy to autonomously track an asteroid while flying past at 10,000 mph. This system is referred to as the terminal tracking system. Also Read | New study paints a scary scenario for when Earth passes the 1.5 degree threshold “This is an awesome series of images. They indicate that the terminal tracking system worked as intended, even when the universe presented us with a more difficult target than we expected,” said Tom Kennedy, guidance and navigation engineer at Lockheed Martin in Littleton, Colorado. The Lucy team will now take another week to completely unravel, or in this case, downlink all the data coming from the spacecraft. The team will use this data to evaluate the spacecraft’s behaviour during the encounter and to prepare for the next close-up look at the main belt asteroid, Donaldjohanson, in 2025. (With inputs from agencies)

Asteroid Dinkinesh has its own moon, pictures sent by Lucy mission show

Halloween is a day for all things scary and looks like the Sun got the memo. On Halloween, October 31st, NASA captured a scary-looking video of a vast "canyon of fire" that erupted from the star.

This phenomenon as per Space.com was twice the width of the United States, and it was witnessed happening on the sun's Southern Hemisphere.

<h2>What caused this?</h2>

Behind this 'canyon of fire' was a large magnetic filament eruption from the sun, which generated a vast canyon on the sun, which, as per estimates, was roughly 10,000 kilometres or 6,200 miles wide and about 10 times as long.&nbsp;

Solar filaments, as per the report, are 'colossal' arcs of electrified gas, or plasma, held suspended above the star's surface. Responding to the sun's magnetic field, they snake through its atmosphere.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/the-mysterious-blobs-remnants-of-ancient-moon-forming-object-present-near-earths-core-654107">A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn yrs ago, and so the moon was born</a>

And when the magnetic field becomes unstable, these filaments collapse, which at times results in spectacular explosions, like the one that happened on Halloween.

On social media platform X, solar physicist Keith Strong posted the video along with the caption "The Sun produced a large filament eruption near the SE limb this evening. It was very large, compare it to the size of the Earth (inset)".

"Notice how it starts moving very slowly and gradually accelerates until it becomes unstable and erupts," he added.

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FILAMENT ERUPTION IN SOUTHEAST. The Sun produced a large filament eruption near the SE limb this evening. It was very large, compare it to the size of the Earth (inset). Notice how it starts moving very slowly and gradually accelerates until it becomes unstable and erupts. <a href="https://t.co/WUljIdGGFd">pic.twitter.com/WUljIdGGFd</a>
— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) <a href="https://twitter.com/drkstrong/status/1719546229426622597?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<h2>Will it affect the Earth?</h2>

The video of this canyon of fire soon went viral on social media platform X, with people speculating that it may hit our planet and cause some serious damage.

However, as per a NASA model, debris from the explosion will not hit Earth.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-releases-playlist-of-eerie-recordings-from-the-solar-system-654069">NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system</a>

If the eruption had resulted in coronal mass ejection (CME) that was directed at Earth, it would have caused impressive aurora borealis or northern lights in the Northern Hemisphere and the aurora australis or southern lights in the Southern Hemisphere.

(With inputs from agencies)

Halloween is a day for all things scary and looks like the Sun got the memo. On Halloween, October 31st, NASA captured a scary-looking video of a vast "canyon of fire" that erupted from the star.

Halloween is a day for all things scary and looks like the Sun got the memo. On Halloween, October 31st, NASA captured a scary-looking video of a vast "canyon of fire" that erupted from the star. This phenomenon as per Space.com was twice the width of the United States, and it was witnessed happening on the sun's Southern Hemisphere. What caused this? Behind this 'canyon of fire' was a large magnetic filament eruption from the sun, which generated a vast canyon on the sun, which, as per estimates, was roughly 10,000 kilometres or 6,200 miles wide and about 10 times as long. Solar filaments, as per the report, are 'colossal' arcs of electrified gas, or plasma, held suspended above the star's surface. Responding to the sun's magnetic field, they snake through its atmosphere. Also read | A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn yrs ago, and so the moon was born And when the magnetic field becomes unstable, these filaments collapse, which at times results in spectacular explosions, like the one that happened on Halloween. On social media platform X, solar physicist Keith Strong posted the video along with the caption "The Sun produced a large filament eruption near the SE limb this evening. It was very large, compare it to the size of the Earth (inset)". "Notice how it starts moving very slowly and gradually accelerates until it becomes unstable and erupts," he added. FILAMENT ERUPTION IN SOUTHEAST. The Sun produced a large filament eruption near the SE limb this evening. It was very large, compare it to the size of the Earth (inset). Notice how it starts moving very slowly and gradually accelerates until it becomes unstable and erupts. pic.twitter.com/WUljIdGGFd — Keith Strong (@drkstrong) November 1, 2023 × Will it affect the Earth? The video of this canyon of fire soon went viral on social media platform X, with people speculating that it may hit our planet and cause some serious damage. However, as per a NASA model, debris from the explosion will not hit Earth. Also read | NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system If the eruption had resulted in coronal mass ejection (CME) that was directed at Earth, it would have caused impressive aurora borealis or northern lights in the Northern Hemisphere and the aurora australis or southern lights in the Southern Hemisphere. (With inputs from agencies)

Sun marks Halloween with a scary 'canyon of fire' display; NASA captures video. Watch

The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's.

This novel technique, known as data sonification, takes the digital data collected by space instruments and transforms it into sound, said NASA in its<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/multimedia/sonifications/"> report</a>.

NASA has compiled a captivating playlist of these space sonifications, providing a unique auditory experience that offers a fresh perspective on the universe.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nisar-in-a-first-nasa-and-isro-to-collaboratively-launch-earth-observing-satellite-in-2024-654044">Also read |&nbsp;NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024</a>

<h2>NASA's playlist</h2>

From Mercury to Jupiter, NASA's playlist includes eerie sounds captured by the Hubble Space Telescope and other space instruments.

Among these celestial auditory offerings is the haunting resonance of a supermassive black hole, an awe-inspiring sound originating from a location 250 million light years away.

This process of converting light and data into sound is not merely for the sake of creating an auditory spectacle; it serves a crucial scientific purpose.

Data sonification enables scientists to uncover hidden details of the universe that may have otherwise eluded them. For instance, Mars, a planet lacking a robust magnetic field, produces the eerie sounds of its winds as dust devils dance across its dusty terrain.

Jupiter's moons Europa and Ganymede contribute to the cosmic symphony by emitting plasma sounds that resemble robotic blips and bleeps. These intriguing sounds offer valuable insights into the mysterious workings of these celestial bodies.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/guide-for-skygazers-november-night-sky-to-bring-meteor-showers-stunning-views-of-jupiter-and-moon-653961">Also read |&nbsp;Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon</a>

Even our home planet has a place in this cosmic orchestra, offering sounds reminiscent of birdsong or the haunting calls of whales. Saturn, with its majestic rings, contributes a soundscape that could easily be the score of a science fiction movie.

NASA explains the process of converting digital data into sound, where elements from the original image, such as brightness and position, are assigned specific pitches and volumes.

This transformation provides a new way to experience and conceptualise astronomical data.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's.

The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's. This novel technique, known as data sonification, takes the digital data collected by space instruments and transforms it into sound, said NASA in its report. NASA has compiled a captivating playlist of these space sonifications, providing a unique auditory experience that offers a fresh perspective on the universe. Also read | NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024 NASA's playlist From Mercury to Jupiter, NASA's playlist includes eerie sounds captured by the Hubble Space Telescope and other space instruments. Among these celestial auditory offerings is the haunting resonance of a supermassive black hole, an awe-inspiring sound originating from a location 250 million light years away. This process of converting light and data into sound is not merely for the sake of creating an auditory spectacle; it serves a crucial scientific purpose. Data sonification enables scientists to uncover hidden details of the universe that may have otherwise eluded them. For instance, Mars, a planet lacking a robust magnetic field, produces the eerie sounds of its winds as dust devils dance across its dusty terrain. Jupiter's moons Europa and Ganymede contribute to the cosmic symphony by emitting plasma sounds that resemble robotic blips and bleeps. These intriguing sounds offer valuable insights into the mysterious workings of these celestial bodies. Also read | Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon Even our home planet has a place in this cosmic orchestra, offering sounds reminiscent of birdsong or the haunting calls of whales. Saturn, with its majestic rings, contributes a soundscape that could easily be the score of a science fiction movie. NASA explains the process of converting digital data into sound, where elements from the original image, such as brightness and position, are assigned specific pitches and volumes. This transformation provides a new way to experience and conceptualise astronomical data.

NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system

Were you visited by the little green men? Was someone you know at the receiving end of an extraterrestrial probe? If yes, you may soon be able to report such a (mis)&nbsp;happening online to the US Pentagon.

This could be done via an online reporting tool that went live on Tuesday (Oct 31). However, there's a catch.

<h2>Report aliens: Terms and conditions applied&nbsp;</h2>

For now, this secure form is available only to current or former federal employees or those "with direct knowledge of US government programs or activities related to UAP dating back to 1945", The Guardian said in a report.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/where-exactly-on-mars-should-humans-go-nasa-scientists-release-a-map-653058">Where exactly on Mars should humans go? NASA scientists release a map</a>

The form is called All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (Aaro) and it is available to people with the above-mentioned access on the US Defence Department website.&nbsp;

However, officials have reportedly said that the public will also be able to report such anomalies soon.

On the website, it says that Aaro "is intended as an initial point of contact … it is not intended for conveying potentially sensitive or classified information".

Watch |&nbsp;Are governments using aliens to distract the public?

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/are-governments-using-aliens-to-distract-the-public-638583/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Talking to reporters, Sean Kirkpatrick, the director of Aaro, said that first-hand knowledge of sensitive topics like the government's involvement in UAP programmes is welcome.

On the other hand, second-hand information about UAP, alien encounters etc is not welcome.

"This reporting mechanism that is on the website is for people who think they have first-hand knowledge of clandestine programs that the government has been hiding," said Kirkpatrick.

<h2>US government finally 'opening up'</h2>

The move is an expansion of the US government's efforts to be more transparent about its exploration of the unknown, reports The Guardian.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/the-truth-about-ufos-nasas-to-unveil-important-report-on-uaps-heres-how-you-can-watch-it-live-635757">The truth about UFOs: NASA to unveil important report on UAPs. Here's how you can watch it live</a>

It signifies that the government is slowly inching towards living up to its promises of complete openness about what it does or doesn't know, about peculiar things like strange flashes in the sky, the possibility of alien life and sightings of UFOs or UAPs as they are now called.

For decades now, conspiracy theories about clandestine government programmes involving reports of alien vehicles and remains at Area 51 in the Mojave Desert have been a source of intrigue. 
 
However, as per the Aaro chief, people might be disappointed as they currently have "no evidence of any programme having ever existed to do any sort of reverse engineering, of any sort of extraterrestrial UAP programme."

(With inputs from agencies)

Were you visited by the little green men? Was someone you know at the receiving end of an extraterrestrial probe? If yes, you may soon be able to report such a (mis) happening online to the US Pentagon.

Were you visited by the little green men? Was someone you know at the receiving end of an extraterrestrial probe? If yes, you may soon be able to report such a (mis) happening online to the US Pentagon. This could be done via an online reporting tool that went live on Tuesday (Oct 31). However, there's a catch. Report aliens: Terms and conditions applied For now, this secure form is available only to current or former federal employees or those "with direct knowledge of US government programs or activities related to UAP dating back to 1945", The Guardian said in a report. Also read | Where exactly on Mars should humans go? NASA scientists release a map The form is called All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (Aaro) and it is available to people with the above-mentioned access on the US Defence Department website. However, officials have reportedly said that the public will also be able to report such anomalies soon. On the website, it says that Aaro "is intended as an initial point of contact … it is not intended for conveying potentially sensitive or classified information". Watch | Are governments using aliens to distract the public? Talking to reporters, Sean Kirkpatrick, the director of Aaro, said that first-hand knowledge of sensitive topics like the government's involvement in UAP programmes is welcome. On the other hand, second-hand information about UAP, alien encounters etc is not welcome. "This reporting mechanism that is on the website is for people who think they have first-hand knowledge of clandestine programs that the government has been hiding," said Kirkpatrick. US government finally 'opening up' The move is an expansion of the US government's efforts to be more transparent about its exploration of the unknown, reports The Guardian. Also read | The truth about UFOs: NASA to unveil important report on UAPs. Here's how you can watch it live It signifies that the government is slowly inching towards living up to its promises of complete openness about what it does or doesn't know, about peculiar things like strange flashes in the sky, the possibility of alien life and sightings of UFOs or UAPs as they are now called. For decades now, conspiracy theories about clandestine government programmes involving reports of alien vehicles and remains at Area 51 in the Mojave Desert have been a source of intrigue. However, as per the Aaro chief, people might be disappointed as they currently have "no evidence of any programme having ever existed to do any sort of reverse engineering, of any sort of extraterrestrial UAP programme." (With inputs from agencies)

Know something about aliens or UFOs? You can tell Pentagon all about it at...

NASA on Wednesday confirmed that its Lucy spacecraft successfully completed a flyby of asteroid Dinkinesh or Dinky, a tiny space rock in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter. With this, Lucy hit a milestone as it made its first flyby on Nov 1 after its launch in Oct 2021.&nbsp;

"Based on the information received, the team has determined that the spacecraft is in good health," NASA officials wrote in a blog post after the flyby occurred. "The team has commanded the spacecraft to start downlinking the data collected during the encounter."

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/gods-of-chaos-jupiter-protects-us-but-similar-gas-giants-do-this-to-earth-like-planets-654247">'Gods of chaos': Jupiter protects us, but similar gas giants do THIS to Earth-like planets</a>

<h2>NASA’s Lucy spacecraft made closest approach to asteroid Dinky</h2>

The Lucy mission of NASA is part of its ambitious endeavour to unravel the secrets of our solar system’s past. Lucy is only the beginning of the elaborate mission yet to be completed.&nbsp;

With Lucy, NASA will make a few flybys, relatively of nearby asteroids like Dinky. But the probe’s main goal is to fly by a few more distant Trojan asteroids orbiting the Sun alongside Jupiter. Scientists are interested in learning more about those Trojans because they're believed to be ancient relics of the solar system.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/sun-marks-halloween-with-a-scary-canyon-of-fire-display-nasa-captures-video-watch-654176">Sun marks Halloween with a scary 'canyon of fire' display; NASA captures video. Watch</a>

Lucy’s flyby of Dinky can be seen as a test run of a much bigger mission to be launched in future. The spacecraft came within 270 miles ($35 kilometres) of Dinkinesh, testing its instruments. Dinkinesh is just a half-mile (1 kilometre) across, making it the smallest of the space rocks on Lucy’s journey.

<h2>Lucy mission</h2>

NASA launched Lucy two years ago with a budget of $1 billion. The spacecraft is named after the 3.2 million-year-old skeletal remains of a human ancestor found in Ethiopia in the 1970s. Lucy will make its next flyby near an asteroid that is named after one of the fossils Lucy discovered- Donald Johanson (named after American paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson).

NASA’s Lucy mission is different from its other asteroid missions, like the Psyche mission. Lucy will not stop at any asteroids or collect any samples. It will take at least a week for the spacecraft to send back all its pictures and data from the flyby. Lucy will make more such flybys past ten different asteroids in the future.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA on Wednesday confirmed that its Lucy spacecraft successfully completed a flyby of asteroid Dinkinesh or Dinky, a tiny space rock in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter.

NASA on Wednesday confirmed that its Lucy spacecraft successfully completed a flyby of asteroid Dinkinesh or Dinky, a tiny space rock in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter. With this, Lucy hit a milestone as it made its first flyby on Nov 1 after its launch in Oct 2021. "Based on the information received, the team has determined that the spacecraft is in good health," NASA officials wrote in a blog post after the flyby occurred. "The team has commanded the spacecraft to start downlinking the data collected during the encounter." Also Read | 'Gods of chaos': Jupiter protects us, but similar gas giants do THIS to Earth-like planets NASA’s Lucy spacecraft made closest approach to asteroid Dinky The Lucy mission of NASA is part of its ambitious endeavour to unravel the secrets of our solar system’s past. Lucy is only the beginning of the elaborate mission yet to be completed. With Lucy, NASA will make a few flybys, relatively of nearby asteroids like Dinky. But the probe’s main goal is to fly by a few more distant Trojan asteroids orbiting the Sun alongside Jupiter. Scientists are interested in learning more about those Trojans because they're believed to be ancient relics of the solar system. Also Read | Sun marks Halloween with a scary 'canyon of fire' display; NASA captures video. Watch Lucy’s flyby of Dinky can be seen as a test run of a much bigger mission to be launched in future. The spacecraft came within 270 miles ($35 kilometres) of Dinkinesh, testing its instruments. Dinkinesh is just a half-mile (1 kilometre) across, making it the smallest of the space rocks on Lucy’s journey. Lucy mission NASA launched Lucy two years ago with a budget of $1 billion. The spacecraft is named after the 3.2 million-year-old skeletal remains of a human ancestor found in Ethiopia in the 1970s. Lucy will make its next flyby near an asteroid that is named after one of the fossils Lucy discovered- Donald Johanson (named after American paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson). NASA’s Lucy mission is different from its other asteroid missions, like the Psyche mission. Lucy will not stop at any asteroids or collect any samples. It will take at least a week for the spacecraft to send back all its pictures and data from the flyby. Lucy will make more such flybys past ten different asteroids in the future. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA's Lucy spacecraft successfully completes first flyby of asteroid 'Dinky'

Jupiter, the planet named after the Roman king of gods, in a regal manner protects all life on Earth. However, as per a new study, gas giants like our solar system's Jupiter actually wreak havoc on nearby exoplanets.

According to the study published in The Astronomical Journal, small rocky planets like our Earth may be at risk from gas giants like Jupiter.

<h2>'Wrecking balls'</h2>

In our solar system, Jupiter's massive gravitational field protects Earth and other exoplanets from comets and asteroids by deflecting them away.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/sun-marks-halloween-with-a-scary-canyon-of-fire-display-nasa-captures-video-watch-654176">Sun marks Halloween with a scary 'canyon of fire' display; NASA captures video. Watch</a>

However, not all exoplanets are as lucky. In other solar systems, the gravitational field of giant planets like Jupiter may put them at risk of getting knocked out of their orbits and the habitable zone altogether.

<h2>How can we conclude this?</h2>

To reach this conclusion, scientists studied HD 141399, a star system that contains not just one but four gas giant planets.&nbsp;

HD 141399 is located some 121 light-years away from our solar system in a constellation called Boötes.

As per Stephen Kane, first author of the paper and an astrophysicist at the University of California – Riverside, HD 141399 is a chaotic place where "It's as if they have four Jupiter(s) acting like wrecking balls, throwing everything out of whack."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/the-mysterious-blobs-remnants-of-ancient-moon-forming-object-present-near-earths-core-654107">A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn years ago, and so the moon was born</a>

Using computer simulations, the team tried to see if the gas giants would knock out smaller planets and they found that if Earth was part of that system, we would be unlikely to maintain our place in the Goldilocks aka the habitable zone.&nbsp;

"There are only a select few areas where the giants' gravitational pull would not knock a rocky planet out of its orbit and send it flying right out of the zone," explains Kane.&nbsp;

<h2>Chaotic giants: Might is power</h2>

In a second paper, the same team suggests that Jupiter-like gas giants may be agents of chaos.&nbsp;

Forbes reports that located just 30 light-years from Earth is a planet similar in size but an estimated 10 times in mass, and it is causing gravitational chaos, preventing other smaller planets from orbiting in the habitable zone alongside it.

"Our work gives us more reasons to be very grateful for the planetary configuration we have in our solar system," said Kane. The team also cautioned that this finding may be a warning against assuming that all planets found in the habitable zone of a star are capable of hosting life.

(With inputs from agencies)

Jupiter, the planet named after the Roman king of gods, in a regal manner protects all life on Earth. However, as per a new study, gas giants like our solar system's Jupiter actually wreak havoc on nearby exoplanets.

Jupiter, the planet named after the Roman king of gods, in a regal manner protects all life on Earth. However, as per a new study, gas giants like our solar system's Jupiter actually wreak havoc on nearby exoplanets. According to the study published in The Astronomical Journal, small rocky planets like our Earth may be at risk from gas giants like Jupiter. 'Wrecking balls' In our solar system, Jupiter's massive gravitational field protects Earth and other exoplanets from comets and asteroids by deflecting them away. Also read | Sun marks Halloween with a scary 'canyon of fire' display; NASA captures video. Watch However, not all exoplanets are as lucky. In other solar systems, the gravitational field of giant planets like Jupiter may put them at risk of getting knocked out of their orbits and the habitable zone altogether. How can we conclude this? To reach this conclusion, scientists studied HD 141399, a star system that contains not just one but four gas giant planets. HD 141399 is located some 121 light-years away from our solar system in a constellation called Boötes. As per Stephen Kane, first author of the paper and an astrophysicist at the University of California – Riverside, HD 141399 is a chaotic place where "It's as if they have four Jupiter(s) acting like wrecking balls, throwing everything out of whack." Also read | A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn years ago, and so the moon was born Using computer simulations, the team tried to see if the gas giants would knock out smaller planets and they found that if Earth was part of that system, we would be unlikely to maintain our place in the Goldilocks aka the habitable zone. "There are only a select few areas where the giants' gravitational pull would not knock a rocky planet out of its orbit and send it flying right out of the zone," explains Kane. Chaotic giants: Might is power In a second paper, the same team suggests that Jupiter-like gas giants may be agents of chaos. Forbes reports that located just 30 light-years from Earth is a planet similar in size but an estimated 10 times in mass, and it is causing gravitational chaos, preventing other smaller planets from orbiting in the habitable zone alongside it. "Our work gives us more reasons to be very grateful for the planetary configuration we have in our solar system," said Kane. The team also cautioned that this finding may be a warning against assuming that all planets found in the habitable zone of a star are capable of hosting life. (With inputs from agencies)

'Gods of chaos': Jupiter protects us, but similar gas giants whack other Earth-like planets

For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission.

The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Set to launch in 2024, NISAR will revolutionise Earth's surveillance by continuously scanning the planet's surface with radar, providing valuable insights into changes over time.

The NISAR satellite will conduct a comprehensive scan of Earth's land and ice surfaces every 12 days, completing two cycles during that time frame.

This remarkable capability is made possible by equipping the satellite with two distinct synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. NASA is responsible for the L-band SAR, while ISRO handles the S-band SAR, utilizing radio waves of shorter wavelengths.

By employing different wavelengths, NISAR aims to deliver a thorough understanding of the planet's evolving landscapes.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/guide-for-skygazers-november-night-sky-to-bring-meteor-showers-stunning-views-of-jupiter-and-moon-653961">Also read |&nbsp;Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon</a>

<h2>Unprecedented insights into forests and wetlands</h2>

NISAR's primary focus will be Earth's forests and wetlands, of particular interest to climate scientists.

These ecosystems play a critical role as carbon sinks, sequestering carbon that would otherwise contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

However, human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and urban expansion encroach upon these vital ecosystems, diminishing their carbon storage potential.

It is estimated that land use changes, including these alterations, account for approximately 11 per cent&nbsp;of global carbon emissions.

The NISAR satellite is scheduled for launch in early 2024 from ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Center in southern India.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-juno-observes-mineral-salts-organic-treasures-on-jupiters-moon-ganymede-653935">Also read |&nbsp;NASA's Juno observes mineral salts, organic treasures on Jupiter’s moon Ganymede</a>

This collaborative effort between NASA and ISRO signifies a groundbreaking partnership aimed at advancing our understanding of Earth's changing landscapes and ecosystems.

NISAR's observations will be instrumental in addressing critical environmental challenges and bolstering efforts to mitigate climate change's impact on our planet. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Set to launch in 2024, NISAR will revolutionise Earth's surveillance by continuously scanning the planet's surface with radar, providing valuable insights into changes over time. The NISAR satellite will conduct a comprehensive scan of Earth's land and ice surfaces every 12 days, completing two cycles during that time frame. This remarkable capability is made possible by equipping the satellite with two distinct synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. NASA is responsible for the L-band SAR, while ISRO handles the S-band SAR, utilizing radio waves of shorter wavelengths. By employing different wavelengths, NISAR aims to deliver a thorough understanding of the planet's evolving landscapes. Also read | Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon Unprecedented insights into forests and wetlands NISAR's primary focus will be Earth's forests and wetlands, of particular interest to climate scientists. These ecosystems play a critical role as carbon sinks, sequestering carbon that would otherwise contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. However, human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and urban expansion encroach upon these vital ecosystems, diminishing their carbon storage potential. It is estimated that land use changes, including these alterations, account for approximately 11 per cent of global carbon emissions. The NISAR satellite is scheduled for launch in early 2024 from ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Center in southern India. Also read | NASA's Juno observes mineral salts, organic treasures on Jupiter’s moon Ganymede This collaborative effort between NASA and ISRO signifies a groundbreaking partnership aimed at advancing our understanding of Earth's changing landscapes and ecosystems. NISAR's observations will be instrumental in addressing critical environmental challenges and bolstering efforts to mitigate climate change's impact on our planet. (With inputs from agencies)

NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024

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