By Scott Morgenstern and John Polga–Hecimovich

As political and economic crises threaten to topple Venezuela’s President Nicolás Maduro, political scientists like us are not surprised that he has run into trouble.

Instead, we see Venezuela as another example of what scholars call the “resource curse.” That’s the unfortunate correlation first described by the British economic geographer Richard M. Auty between nations with vast wealth from oil or other natural resources and political instability.

Venezuela is a textbook case of the curse, since nearly 90 per cent of its people are now living in poverty in the country with the world’s largest oil reserves. After decades of leaders who failed to harness this commodity for peace and prosperity, it is questionable whether a new government can do a better job.

Only a few oil and natural gas-rich countries, such as the United States, Canada and Norway have avoided this curse – in part because they built solid institutions and diverse economies before their petroleum drilling began.

The resource curse

The resource curse has afflicted many Latin American countries with profligate and populist elected leaders who succumbed to the temptations of corruption and reckless spending when easy money poured in, followed by right-wing dictatorships imposing repressive technocracies. Oil and wealth from other commodities like gold and copper, and foreign aid, have also supported kleptocrats and dictatorships who have often used their fortunes to retain power in other regions.

The scholars Terry Karl and Thad Dunning have persuasively argued that oil export revenue helped sustain Venezuelan democracy from the 1950s to the early 1980s. The government, they explained, could buy support from the elite with lower taxes and from the poor with social programs.

Oil money, in short, can sustain whatever government is in power, be it dictatorship or democracy.

But when crude prices fall, the loss of revenue polarises politics as the wealthy and the poor fight over the reduced proceeds. And when these countries not only rely on one export but also very limited markets, that adds to their vulnerability.

Oil sales constituted 98 per cent of Venezuela’s export earnings in 2017, with the US buying nearly half of the country’s exported crude.

Boom and bust

After several decades of strong economic performance backed by comparatively impressive social programs, Venezuela’s economy started to sputter in the 1980s. The vast sums of money it had borrowed a decade earlier, backed by future oil revenues, were coming due by that time.

President Carlos Andrés Pérez, who had presided over strong economic growth between 1974 and 1979, returned to power in 1989. However, this time the country faced a weak currency, rising poverty rates, and increased foreign and public debt in combination with low oil prices.

To stabilize the economy, Pérez implemented austerity policies that deregulated capital markets and reduced-price controls on gasoline and other products.

These measures exacerbated economic hardships for the poor, and Venezuelans took to the streets to protest in deadly riots known as the Caracazo. Pérez survived two coup attempts in 1992 only to be impeached and forced out of office for embezzlement in 1993.

Popular anger against economic conditions and the dominant political class led voters to back more polarizing politicians. The first coup attempt against Pérez in 1992 was organized by Hugo Chávez, then a lieutenant-colonel, who famously exclaimed to the nation that he had failed “for now.”

He was right. Just six years later, in 1998, he ran for president and won an overwhelming victory.

Building support 
 
Luckily for Chávez, oil prices had started to rise again, eventually reaching record levels while he was in power. Aside from a brief downturn brought on by the Great Recession, those high oil prices raised enough revenue to help sustain his support.

He gained extra revenue by restructuring Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA), the country’s state-owned oil and natural gas company that now faces U.S. sanctions, to increase his control and to direct a bigger percentage of its export earnings into government coffers.

With that money, he built popular support by paying for dozens of safety net programs, such as the “Barrio Adentro” health initiative for the poor and the “Misión Robinson” literacy program, starting massive infrastructure projects, and continuing to subsidise the world’s cheapest gasoline.

When Chávez appointed allies to prominent posts at PDVSA in 2002, dissident members of the military and radicalized leaders of the Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce staged a coup attempt that ultimately failed to oust him.

Meanwhile, the government invested too little in the oil industry and mismanaged it. At the same time, it did too little to prepare for the possibility of lower revenue from oil, to boost other exports or to stop depending on the United States as its biggest customer. Following a big decline, Venezuela remained America’s third-largest source of foreign oil as of October 2018.

Maduro’s staying power

Maduro arrived to power in 2013, after the 58-year-old Chávez died from cancer. By then, Venezuelan oil production had declined, and just one year later global oil prices began to collapse.

Maduro’s popularity collapsed too, although he did get re-elected in 2018 in a race without any independent international electoral observers that was marked by boycotts, accusations of repressing the opposition, and vote-rigging.

On top of his misfortune to be leading Venezuela during an oil price slump, Maduro has turned out to be even worse at managing the oil industry than Chávez. He installed military cronies as managers, led by Manuel Quevedo, a major general in Venezuela’s National Guard.

Since his rise, there have been more purges of PDVSA executives, and many reports that lower-level workers are staying home since they can no longer afford the commute on their wages. Adding even further to the commotion, corruption has run rampant.

The increased social and economic upheaval has even led many poor people to withdraw their allegiance to Maduro. Amid the turmoil, the U.S. and many other countries are recognizing opposition leader Juan Guaidó, as the nation’s legitimate president.

Whether or not Guaidó manages to dislodge Maduro’s grip on power, the country’s turbulent history suggests that long-term success will require much more than removing its current embattled leader. Any future leaders must also build the coalitions and institutions necessary to break the resource curse and thus empower Venezuela to finally draw social and economic stability from its oil wealth.

(Scott Morgenstern is Professor, University of Pittsburgh; John Polga–Hecimovich is Assistant Professor, United States Naval Academy)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL) 
&nbsp;

By Scott Morgenstern and John Polga–Hecimovich As political and economic crises threaten to topple Venezuela’s President Nicolás Maduro, political scientists like us are not surprised that he has run into trouble.

By Scott Morgenstern and John Polga–Hecimovich As political and economic crises threaten to topple Venezuela’s President Nicolás Maduro, political scientists like us are not surprised that he has run into trouble. Instead, we see Venezuela as another example of what scholars call the “resource curse.” That’s the unfortunate correlation first described by the British economic geographer Richard M. Auty between nations with vast wealth from oil or other natural resources and political instability. Venezuela is a textbook case of the curse, since nearly 90 per cent of its people are now living in poverty in the country with the world’s largest oil reserves. After decades of leaders who failed to harness this commodity for peace and prosperity, it is questionable whether a new government can do a better job. Only a few oil and natural gas-rich countries, such as the United States, Canada and Norway have avoided this curse – in part because they built solid institutions and diverse economies before their petroleum drilling began. The resource curse The resource curse has afflicted many Latin American countries with profligate and populist elected leaders who succumbed to the temptations of corruption and reckless spending when easy money poured in, followed by right-wing dictatorships imposing repressive technocracies. Oil and wealth from other commodities like gold and copper, and foreign aid, have also supported kleptocrats and dictatorships who have often used their fortunes to retain power in other regions. The scholars Terry Karl and Thad Dunning have persuasively argued that oil export revenue helped sustain Venezuelan democracy from the 1950s to the early 1980s. The government, they explained, could buy support from the elite with lower taxes and from the poor with social programs. Oil money, in short, can sustain whatever government is in power, be it dictatorship or democracy. But when crude prices fall, the loss of revenue polarises politics as the wealthy and the poor fight over the reduced proceeds. And when these countries not only rely on one export but also very limited markets, that adds to their vulnerability. Oil sales constituted 98 per cent of Venezuela’s export earnings in 2017, with the US buying nearly half of the country’s exported crude. Boom and bust After several decades of strong economic performance backed by comparatively impressive social programs, Venezuela’s economy started to sputter in the 1980s. The vast sums of money it had borrowed a decade earlier, backed by future oil revenues, were coming due by that time. President Carlos Andrés Pérez, who had presided over strong economic growth between 1974 and 1979, returned to power in 1989. However, this time the country faced a weak currency, rising poverty rates, and increased foreign and public debt in combination with low oil prices. To stabilize the economy, Pérez implemented austerity policies that deregulated capital markets and reduced-price controls on gasoline and other products. These measures exacerbated economic hardships for the poor, and Venezuelans took to the streets to protest in deadly riots known as the Caracazo. Pérez survived two coup attempts in 1992 only to be impeached and forced out of office for embezzlement in 1993. Popular anger against economic conditions and the dominant political class led voters to back more polarizing politicians. The first coup attempt against Pérez in 1992 was organized by Hugo Chávez, then a lieutenant-colonel, who famously exclaimed to the nation that he had failed “for now.” He was right. Just six years later, in 1998, he ran for president and won an overwhelming victory. Building support Luckily for Chávez, oil prices had started to rise again, eventually reaching record levels while he was in power. Aside from a brief downturn brought on by the Great Recession, those high oil prices raised enough revenue to help sustain his support. He gained extra revenue by restructuring Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA), the country’s state-owned oil and natural gas company that now faces U.S. sanctions, to increase his control and to direct a bigger percentage of its export earnings into government coffers. With that money, he built popular support by paying for dozens of safety net programs, such as the “Barrio Adentro” health initiative for the poor and the “Misión Robinson” literacy program, starting massive infrastructure projects, and continuing to subsidise the world’s cheapest gasoline. When Chávez appointed allies to prominent posts at PDVSA in 2002, dissident members of the military and radicalized leaders of the Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce staged a coup attempt that ultimately failed to oust him. Meanwhile, the government invested too little in the oil industry and mismanaged it. At the same time, it did too little to prepare for the possibility of lower revenue from oil, to boost other exports or to stop depending on the United States as its biggest customer. Following a big decline, Venezuela remained America’s third-largest source of foreign oil as of October 2018. Maduro’s staying power Maduro arrived to power in 2013, after the 58-year-old Chávez died from cancer. By then, Venezuelan oil production had declined, and just one year later global oil prices began to collapse. Maduro’s popularity collapsed too, although he did get re-elected in 2018 in a race without any independent international electoral observers that was marked by boycotts, accusations of repressing the opposition, and vote-rigging. On top of his misfortune to be leading Venezuela during an oil price slump, Maduro has turned out to be even worse at managing the oil industry than Chávez. He installed military cronies as managers, led by Manuel Quevedo, a major general in Venezuela’s National Guard. Since his rise, there have been more purges of PDVSA executives, and many reports that lower-level workers are staying home since they can no longer afford the commute on their wages. Adding even further to the commotion, corruption has run rampant. The increased social and economic upheaval has even led many poor people to withdraw their allegiance to Maduro. Amid the turmoil, the U.S. and many other countries are recognizing opposition leader Juan Guaidó, as the nation’s legitimate president. Whether or not Guaidó manages to dislodge Maduro’s grip on power, the country’s turbulent history suggests that long-term success will require much more than removing its current embattled leader. Any future leaders must also build the coalitions and institutions necessary to break the resource curse and thus empower Venezuela to finally draw social and economic stability from its oil wealth. (Scott Morgenstern is Professor, University of Pittsburgh; John Polga–Hecimovich is Assistant Professor, United States Naval Academy) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Why Venezuela’s oil money could keep undermining its economy and democracy

The United States is holding direct communications with members of Venezuela's military urging them to abandon <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-military-attache-to-us-urges-army-to-back-maduro-opponent-193034">President Nicolas Maduro</a> and is also preparing new sanctions aimed at increasing pressure on him, a senior White House official said.

The Trump administration expects further military defections from Maduro's side, the official told Reuters in an interview, despite only a few senior officers having done so since opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself interim president last month, earning the recognition of the United States and dozens of other countries.

"We believe these to be those first couple pebbles before we start really seeing bigger rocks rolling down the hill," the official said this week, speaking on condition of anonymity. "We're still having conversations with members of the former Maduro regime, with military members, although those conversations are very, very limited."

The official declined to provide details on the discussions or the level at which they are being held, and it was unclear whether such contacts could create cracks in the Venezuelan socialist leader's support from the military, which is pivotal to his grip on power.

With the Venezuelan military still apparently loyal to Maduro, a source in Washington close to the opposition expressed doubts whether the Trump administration has laid enough groundwork to spur a wider mutiny in the ranks where many officers are suspected of benefiting from corruption and drug trafficking.

Members of the South American country's security forces fear they or their families could be targeted by Maduro if they defect, so the US would need to offer them something that could outweigh those concerns, said Eric Farnsworth, vice president of the Council of the Americas think tank in Washington.

"It depends on what they're offering," Farnsworth said. "Are there incentives built into these contacts that will at least cause people to question their loyalty to the regime?"

Guaido says the May 2018 vote in which Maduro won a second term as president was a sham and on January 23 invoked a constitutional provision to declare himself president, promising free and fair elections.

VENEZUELAN ASSETS

The US government also sees European allies as likely to do more to prevent Maduro from transferring or hiding Venezuela government assets held outside the country, the US official said.

Major European countries have joined the <a href="http://www.wionews.com/opinions/venezuela-france-wests-duplicity-196078">United States in backing Guaido </a>but they have stopped short of the sweeping oil sanctions and financial measures that Washington has imposed.

At the same time, the Trump administration is readying further possible sanctions on Venezuela, the official said.

Previous rounds have targeted dozens of Venezuelan military and government officials, including Maduro himself, and last month finally hit the OPEC member's vital oil sector. But the administration has stopped short of imposing so-called "secondary" sanctions, which would punish non-US companies for doing business with the Venezuela government or the state oil monopoly PDVSA.

The US official said that Washington had every tool available to apply pressure on Maduro and his associates "to accept a legitimate democratic transition."

The US government is also weighing possible sanctions on Cuban military and intelligence officials whom it says are helping Maduro remain in power, a second US official and person familiar with the deliberations have told Reuters.

Maduro's government has accused Guaido, who has galvanized Venezuela's opposition, of attempting to stage a US-directed coup.

General Francisco Yanez of the air force's high command became the first active Venezuelan general to recognise Guaido, but he is one of about 2,000 generals. Venezuela's chief military attache to the United States also said he was defecting late last month.

Guaido has actively courted members of the military with promises of amnesty and preferential legal treatment if they disavow Maduro and disobey his orders, and Washington this week raised the prospect of dropping sanctions on senior Venezuelan officers if they recognise Guaido.

Maduro still has the support of the military high command, and now routinely appears in pre-recorded events at military bases where officers stand behind him and chant triumphal slogans such as "Loyal always, traitors never."

The United States is holding direct communications with members of Venezuela's military urging them to abandon President Nicolas Maduro and is also preparing new sanctions aimed at increasing pressure on him, a senior White House official said.

The United States is holding direct communications with members of Venezuela's military urging them to abandon President Nicolas Maduro and is also preparing new sanctions aimed at increasing pressure on him, a senior White House official said. The Trump administration expects further military defections from Maduro's side, the official told Reuters in an interview, despite only a few senior officers having done so since opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself interim president last month, earning the recognition of the United States and dozens of other countries. "We believe these to be those first couple pebbles before we start really seeing bigger rocks rolling down the hill," the official said this week, speaking on condition of anonymity. "We're still having conversations with members of the former Maduro regime, with military members, although those conversations are very, very limited." The official declined to provide details on the discussions or the level at which they are being held, and it was unclear whether such contacts could create cracks in the Venezuelan socialist leader's support from the military, which is pivotal to his grip on power. With the Venezuelan military still apparently loyal to Maduro, a source in Washington close to the opposition expressed doubts whether the Trump administration has laid enough groundwork to spur a wider mutiny in the ranks where many officers are suspected of benefiting from corruption and drug trafficking. Members of the South American country's security forces fear they or their families could be targeted by Maduro if they defect, so the US would need to offer them something that could outweigh those concerns, said Eric Farnsworth, vice president of the Council of the Americas think tank in Washington. "It depends on what they're offering," Farnsworth said. "Are there incentives built into these contacts that will at least cause people to question their loyalty to the regime?" Guaido says the May 2018 vote in which Maduro won a second term as president was a sham and on January 23 invoked a constitutional provision to declare himself president, promising free and fair elections. VENEZUELAN ASSETS The US government also sees European allies as likely to do more to prevent Maduro from transferring or hiding Venezuela government assets held outside the country, the US official said. Major European countries have joined the United States in backing Guaido but they have stopped short of the sweeping oil sanctions and financial measures that Washington has imposed. At the same time, the Trump administration is readying further possible sanctions on Venezuela, the official said. Previous rounds have targeted dozens of Venezuelan military and government officials, including Maduro himself, and last month finally hit the OPEC member's vital oil sector. But the administration has stopped short of imposing so-called "secondary" sanctions, which would punish non-US companies for doing business with the Venezuela government or the state oil monopoly PDVSA. The US official said that Washington had every tool available to apply pressure on Maduro and his associates "to accept a legitimate democratic transition." The US government is also weighing possible sanctions on Cuban military and intelligence officials whom it says are helping Maduro remain in power, a second US official and person familiar with the deliberations have told Reuters. Maduro's government has accused Guaido, who has galvanized Venezuela's opposition, of attempting to stage a US-directed coup. General Francisco Yanez of the air force's high command became the first active Venezuelan general to recognise Guaido, but he is one of about 2,000 generals. Venezuela's chief military attache to the United States also said he was defecting late last month. Guaido has actively courted members of the military with promises of amnesty and preferential legal treatment if they disavow Maduro and disobey his orders, and Washington this week raised the prospect of dropping sanctions on senior Venezuelan officers if they recognise Guaido. Maduro still has the support of the military high command, and now routinely appears in pre-recorded events at military bases where officers stand behind him and chant triumphal slogans such as "Loyal always, traitors never."

US in direct contact with Venezuelan military, urging defections: Report

The reigning Miss Venezuela says she has been robbed at gunpoint, forced to scramble to put food on the table and had to bid a tearful farewell to two brothers who fled the South American country's economic crisis.

Yet despite shortages of basic products and the world's highest inflation rate, deep political uncertainty and elevated levels of crime, Isabella Rodriguez says she remains hopeful that things will improve.

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A dark-skinned model who hails from a slum located on steep hills in Caracas' eastern outskirts, the 25-year-old Rodriguez doesn't fit the typical beauty mould in pageant-crazy Venezuela, but her life experiences accurately mirror those of the majority of her compatriots.

Speaking with equal passion about the Petare shantytown where she still lives and her personal spirituality, Rodriguez said on Wednesday that she wants to leverage those dual aspects of her identity to help local residents of that low-income district, particularly young girls.

An avowed feminist, she plans to provide counselling and give talks on women's empowerment as part of the social-work duties that accompany her new title as Miss Venezuela, which she won in December.

Rodriguez stressed the importance of gender equality in any line of work and said her example can be used to show young girls from Petare - considered Latin America's largest shantytown - that persistence is rewarded and dreams can come true.

The beauty queen was one of hundreds of thousands of people who took to the streets of Caracas on January 23 to protest against a debilitating economic crisis that has led to an exodus of millions of Venezuelans in recent years.

Two of those emigrants are Rodriguez's brothers, who traveled to Peru in search of greater economic opportunities.

"I want to be in a country with security... because I also have the right to a normal diet, the right to live in peace," she said, adding that thousands of people like her, especially in poor areas of the country, share that same yearning and are willing to work for the common good.

Without mentioning the political conflict between leftist President Nicolas Maduro's administration and the opposition-led legislature, whose speaker has declared himself the interim head of state, Rodriguez said she believes Venezuela will soon emerge from a long-standing crisis marked by food and medicine shortages, high levels of violent crime and hyperinflation.

The beauty queen has experienced these scourges first-hand, noting that she and her parents have wondered at times what they can afford to eat and that she was a victim of an armed robbery in her own neighbourhood.

"We almost had to beg for our lives," Rodriguez said, adding that on another occasion she and numerous other people - including school-aged children - came upon the body of a slain man while descending a steep hillside in Petare.

Separately, Rodriguez also expressed support for Spaniard Angela Ponce, who last year became the first transgender contestant in a Miss Universe competition, saying that "when a person decides to pursue a dream ... there's no reason for us to judge her."

The Venezuelan herself was the target of ridicule and prejudice after her coronation, with some social-media users posting racist and classist messages that denigrated her physical features and humble origins.

"Criticism has never affected me... I know how much effort I put in to win the crown," she said, noting that gaining tens of thousands of followers on social media has been a positive because she has been able to raise money for sick children.

Rodriguez also has used her online presence to denounce acts of xenophobia experienced by some of her countrymen in Ecuador, where the murder of a pregnant Ecuadorian woman by a Venezuelan migrant triggered an immigration backlash.

"That really hit me hard... we're surrounded here by Ecuadorians, Colombians, and they're very welcome," the beauty queen said, calling for rationality and common sense to prevail.

With her origins in a low-income neighbourhood and evident love for a country she doesn't want to abandon and longs to see prosper, Rodriguez is perhaps a perfect representative of Venezuela, and not only because she will wear a sash bearing her country's name later this year at the Miss World pageant in Thailand.

The reigning Miss Venezuela says she has been robbed at gunpoint, forced to scramble to put food on the table and had to bid a tearful farewell to two brothers who fled the South American country's economic crisis.

The reigning Miss Venezuela says she has been robbed at gunpoint, forced to scramble to put food on the table and had to bid a tearful farewell to two brothers who fled the South American country's economic crisis. Yet despite shortages of basic products and the world's highest inflation rate, deep political uncertainty and elevated levels of crime, Isabella Rodriguez says she remains hopeful that things will improve. × A dark-skinned model who hails from a slum located on steep hills in Caracas' eastern outskirts, the 25-year-old Rodriguez doesn't fit the typical beauty mould in pageant-crazy Venezuela, but her life experiences accurately mirror those of the majority of her compatriots. Speaking with equal passion about the Petare shantytown where she still lives and her personal spirituality, Rodriguez said on Wednesday that she wants to leverage those dual aspects of her identity to help local residents of that low-income district, particularly young girls. An avowed feminist, she plans to provide counselling and give talks on women's empowerment as part of the social-work duties that accompany her new title as Miss Venezuela, which she won in December. Rodriguez stressed the importance of gender equality in any line of work and said her example can be used to show young girls from Petare - considered Latin America's largest shantytown - that persistence is rewarded and dreams can come true. The beauty queen was one of hundreds of thousands of people who took to the streets of Caracas on January 23 to protest against a debilitating economic crisis that has led to an exodus of millions of Venezuelans in recent years. Two of those emigrants are Rodriguez's brothers, who traveled to Peru in search of greater economic opportunities. "I want to be in a country with security... because I also have the right to a normal diet, the right to live in peace," she said, adding that thousands of people like her, especially in poor areas of the country, share that same yearning and are willing to work for the common good. Without mentioning the political conflict between leftist President Nicolas Maduro's administration and the opposition-led legislature, whose speaker has declared himself the interim head of state, Rodriguez said she believes Venezuela will soon emerge from a long-standing crisis marked by food and medicine shortages, high levels of violent crime and hyperinflation. The beauty queen has experienced these scourges first-hand, noting that she and her parents have wondered at times what they can afford to eat and that she was a victim of an armed robbery in her own neighbourhood. "We almost had to beg for our lives," Rodriguez said, adding that on another occasion she and numerous other people - including school-aged children - came upon the body of a slain man while descending a steep hillside in Petare. Separately, Rodriguez also expressed support for Spaniard Angela Ponce, who last year became the first transgender contestant in a Miss Universe competition, saying that "when a person decides to pursue a dream ... there's no reason for us to judge her." The Venezuelan herself was the target of ridicule and prejudice after her coronation, with some social-media users posting racist and classist messages that denigrated her physical features and humble origins. "Criticism has never affected me... I know how much effort I put in to win the crown," she said, noting that gaining tens of thousands of followers on social media has been a positive because she has been able to raise money for sick children. Rodriguez also has used her online presence to denounce acts of xenophobia experienced by some of her countrymen in Ecuador, where the murder of a pregnant Ecuadorian woman by a Venezuelan migrant triggered an immigration backlash. "That really hit me hard... we're surrounded here by Ecuadorians, Colombians, and they're very welcome," the beauty queen said, calling for rationality and common sense to prevail. With her origins in a low-income neighbourhood and evident love for a country she doesn't want to abandon and longs to see prosper, Rodriguez is perhaps a perfect representative of Venezuela, and not only because she will wear a sash bearing her country's name later this year at the Miss World pageant in Thailand.

Watch: We almost had to beg for our lives, says Miss Venezuela on her country's economic crisis

What appeared to be a carefully calibrated policy to oust Venezuelan President<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-assembly-head-warns-of-irregular-war-upon-foreign-intervention-195790"> Nicolas Maduro </a>was actually a big gamble by a small group of Opposition leaders acting on a hastily assembled plan, according to a Dow Jones Newswires report on Thursday.

The strategy marked a coup of sorts: This one within the country's notoriously fractious Opposition, which had been locked in debate over whether to <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-revokes-visas-of-venezuelan-lawmakers-seated-by-maduro-195916">negotiate with Maduro </a>or take more direct action.

When Juan Guaido declared himself Venezuela's interim president on January 23 in front of a crowd of 100,000 people under a broiling sun, some leading Opposition figures had no idea he would do so, say people who work with Guaido and other top leaders. That included a few standing alongside him. A stern look of shock crossed their faces. Some quietly left the stage.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/at-colombia-border-venezuelans-hunger-for-aid-195822">Also read:&nbsp;Colombia border, Venezuelans hunger for aid</a>

"What the hell is going on?" one member of a group of politicians wrote to the others in a WhatsApp group chat. "How come we didn't know about this."

The plan was largely devised by a group of four Opposition leaders, two in exile, one under house arrest and one barred from leaving the country. It came together only in recent weeks, as Maduro prepared to start a second six-year term on Jan 10 after elections widely seen as a sham. Maduro has denounced the ceremony as part of a US-backed coup to overthrow his government.

The act of political skulduggery paid off. The crowd reacted ecstatically to Guaido, and one nation after another recognised him within hours.

The strategy has dramatically altered Venezuela's political landscape, empowering a faction led by Guaido's Popular Will Party that has long lobbied for more direct confrontation with the Maduro regime.

Opposition leaders agreed Maduro was illegitimate and that the National Assembly, with the 35-year-old Guaidó as its newly elected head, was the country's lone democratic institution. However, many were initially against the idea of naming Guaido interim president, according to people familiar with the matter. They worried it might make eventual negotiation with Maduro impossible while deepening the misery for millions suffering from food and medicine shortages and political persecution against his rivals.

Others argued it was critical to strike quickly, and that waiting for consensus was futile.

"This was the moment to go for it," said Maria Corina Machado, one of the four behind the strategy. The timing was also irresistible. The swearing-in took place on a symbolic day in Venezuela: On January 23, 1958, students, unions and the military rose up to topple military dictator Marcos Perez Jimenez.

Guaido himself only agreed to act the day before he declared himself president, his aides said. Some politicians, including those in the traditional Democratic Action Party, the largest Opposition party, weren't told of the plan.

"We didn't want them to mess it up," said one Opposition leader who knew of the strategy.

That evening, after Guaido's move sparked an outpouring of support, Opposition politicians of all stripes, including from Democratic Action, publicly backed the move.

"We've become part of the political package facing off with the government," said Edgar Zambrano, 63, a member of Democratic Action and the vice president of the National Assembly.

Zambrano, one of the Opposition leaders who appeared surprised on stage on January 23, said the possibility of Guaido assuming the presidency had been discussed in the weeks before, but that the final decision was in the hands of the young leader because of the risks it entailed.

For now, at least, the events have electrified the Opposition's base. Guaido draws large, boisterous crowds. He has appointed ambassadors for what is, in essence, a parallel government. His team has laid out plans to bring humanitarian aid from Colombia in a tactic designed to test the resolve of Venezuelan troops loyal to Maduro.

"Only a few weeks ago, I was totally depressed," said Michael Penfold, an advisor to the Opposition who counts himself as one of the doves who has now become a hawk. "I thought nothing was ever going to get Maduro out of power. Now, I wouldn't be surprised if Maduro resigns within days."

The government, meanwhile, seems caught off guard and under siege, symbolised by the sandbags and soldiers toting machine guns that surround Maduro's Miraflores presidential palace. On frequent appearances on state TV, Maduro can be seen jogging with troops and leading them in chants of, "Traitors, never! Loyal, always!"

If the Opposition can force out Maduro, Popular Will and its head, Leopoldo Lopez, will likely take the driver's seat for any future democratic election, politicians and political analysts say. Lopez, Guaido's political mentor, is under house arrest in Caracas.

Lopez, who attended college and graduate school in the US, has long had close contact with American diplomats and is pro-free market. Guaido has laid out an economic recovery plan that calls on private companies to help rescue Venezuela's decaying oil industry, a proposal Lopez had a hand in shaping.

The perception that the hard-line faction of the Opposition has won the day could make the regime more liable to dig in, making any negotiation more unlikely. One Opposition plan posits that Maduro would negotiate his own removal, leaving in exchange for, say, safe passage to a friendly country.

With the Opposition taking action, "the Maduro team doesn't want to talk to them and doesn't trust them," said Phil Gunson, who tracks Venezuela's crisis for the International Crisis Group, a non-profit that studies conflicts. "They think they will all end up in jail or strung up from lampposts."

If Maduro holds firm, it is likely to deepen the economic hardship for millions of Venezuelans. He could even emerge stronger, able to brag that he beat back a superpower.

Zambrano, the member of Democratic Action, said that one big risk with the Opposition strategy is thinking it will all be over too soon and not planning for a long and drawn-out confrontation.

"We've committed a lot of errors in strategies, thinking the government was going to be ousted in a day," he said. "Whoever bases their politics on that is going to fail."

The road to the standoff comes after three years of setbacks for the Opposition that left them despondent, according to interviews with prominent members of several parties.

It also left four prominent leaders with the sense that the time for dramatic action was growing near. All have been targets of the regime.

Antonio Ledezma, 63, is a former Caracas mayor who spent time jailed and under house arrest before escaping to Spain.

His close ally is Maria Corina Machado, 51, an industrial engineer whose brief career as a lawmaker in the National Assembly included getting her nose broken in an attack by ruling party lawmakers, being accused of trying to assassinate Maduro and getting expelled from the legislature in 2014. She is considered among the more intrepid of Opposition leaders for holding rallies and speeches in pro-government communities, where she has been physically beaten and fired upon.

Julio Borges, 49, who lives in exile in Colombia, was the peacenik of the group. A father of quadruplets, he had long favored negotiations and elections. His position hardened toward taking action after he was threatened with jail early last year, forcing him and his family to flee.

And then there is Leopoldo López, 47, the head of Popular Will. The best-known adversary of the regime outside of Venezuela, he has maintained close ties with his Opposition colleagues despite being confined at his apartment with an ankle monitor. He was jailed after protests in 2014 on charges that rights groups, as well as his prosecutors who have since defected, called trumped up. He's a distant relative of Simón Bolívar, the liberation hero whose legacy Maduro's Socialist Party has long leaned on.

The four leaders had in the past often bitterly disagreed over how to remove Maduro, and before him, Hugo Chavez, who turned Venezuela toward socialism after he took office in 1999.

Some in the Opposition argued a tough approach led to costly blunders, including a short-lived 2002 coup that ended up strengthening Chavez's hand, and demonstrations in 2014 and 2017 that failed to force Maduro's ouster while taking the lives of nearly 200 young people.

"The Opposition was a mess," Borges said. "We had no plan. Some wanted dialogue, others not."

The government's own autocracy fueled the hardening in the Opposition. It neutered the Opposition-controlled Congress, created a parallel assembly, illegally sunk a recall referendum on Maduro and barred leading opponents from running against Maduro last year.

The four leaders saw some factors breaking their way. Some 60 countries called the presidential vote illegitimate. The geopolitical stars aligned from South America to Washington and Europe, as conservative governments opposed to Maduro took power and policymakers in Washington who had long wanted to take action on Venezuela received the go-ahead.

By the end of last year, the country was descending into anarchy. Inflation had hit 1.7 million per cent for the year. Food and medicine shortages were critical, and oil production was falling fast. Dec was marked by protests as Venezuelans tried to celebrate Christmas without pork, a holiday tradition.

By December, the four were discussing strategy every day, the Dow Jones Newswires report added.

"We spent hours every day on Zoom, talking about what to do," said Borges, referring to the video conferencing app.

What appeared to be a carefully calibrated policy to oust Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro was actually a big gamble by a small group of Opposition leaders acting on a hastily assembled plan, according to a Dow Jones Newswires report on Thursday.

What appeared to be a carefully calibrated policy to oust Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro was actually a big gamble by a small group of Opposition leaders acting on a hastily assembled plan, according to a Dow Jones Newswires report on Thursday. The strategy marked a coup of sorts: This one within the country's notoriously fractious Opposition, which had been locked in debate over whether to negotiate with Maduro or take more direct action. When Juan Guaido declared himself Venezuela's interim president on January 23 in front of a crowd of 100,000 people under a broiling sun, some leading Opposition figures had no idea he would do so, say people who work with Guaido and other top leaders. That included a few standing alongside him. A stern look of shock crossed their faces. Some quietly left the stage. Also read: Colombia border, Venezuelans hunger for aid "What the hell is going on?" one member of a group of politicians wrote to the others in a WhatsApp group chat. "How come we didn't know about this." The plan was largely devised by a group of four Opposition leaders, two in exile, one under house arrest and one barred from leaving the country. It came together only in recent weeks, as Maduro prepared to start a second six-year term on Jan 10 after elections widely seen as a sham. Maduro has denounced the ceremony as part of a US-backed coup to overthrow his government. The act of political skulduggery paid off. The crowd reacted ecstatically to Guaido, and one nation after another recognised him within hours. The strategy has dramatically altered Venezuela's political landscape, empowering a faction led by Guaido's Popular Will Party that has long lobbied for more direct confrontation with the Maduro regime. Opposition leaders agreed Maduro was illegitimate and that the National Assembly, with the 35-year-old Guaidó as its newly elected head, was the country's lone democratic institution. However, many were initially against the idea of naming Guaido interim president, according to people familiar with the matter. They worried it might make eventual negotiation with Maduro impossible while deepening the misery for millions suffering from food and medicine shortages and political persecution against his rivals. Others argued it was critical to strike quickly, and that waiting for consensus was futile. "This was the moment to go for it," said Maria Corina Machado, one of the four behind the strategy. The timing was also irresistible. The swearing-in took place on a symbolic day in Venezuela: On January 23, 1958, students, unions and the military rose up to topple military dictator Marcos Perez Jimenez. Guaido himself only agreed to act the day before he declared himself president, his aides said. Some politicians, including those in the traditional Democratic Action Party, the largest Opposition party, weren't told of the plan. "We didn't want them to mess it up," said one Opposition leader who knew of the strategy. That evening, after Guaido's move sparked an outpouring of support, Opposition politicians of all stripes, including from Democratic Action, publicly backed the move. "We've become part of the political package facing off with the government," said Edgar Zambrano, 63, a member of Democratic Action and the vice president of the National Assembly. Zambrano, one of the Opposition leaders who appeared surprised on stage on January 23, said the possibility of Guaido assuming the presidency had been discussed in the weeks before, but that the final decision was in the hands of the young leader because of the risks it entailed. For now, at least, the events have electrified the Opposition's base. Guaido draws large, boisterous crowds. He has appointed ambassadors for what is, in essence, a parallel government. His team has laid out plans to bring humanitarian aid from Colombia in a tactic designed to test the resolve of Venezuelan troops loyal to Maduro. "Only a few weeks ago, I was totally depressed," said Michael Penfold, an advisor to the Opposition who counts himself as one of the doves who has now become a hawk. "I thought nothing was ever going to get Maduro out of power. Now, I wouldn't be surprised if Maduro resigns within days." The government, meanwhile, seems caught off guard and under siege, symbolised by the sandbags and soldiers toting machine guns that surround Maduro's Miraflores presidential palace. On frequent appearances on state TV, Maduro can be seen jogging with troops and leading them in chants of, "Traitors, never! Loyal, always!" If the Opposition can force out Maduro, Popular Will and its head, Leopoldo Lopez, will likely take the driver's seat for any future democratic election, politicians and political analysts say. Lopez, Guaido's political mentor, is under house arrest in Caracas. Lopez, who attended college and graduate school in the US, has long had close contact with American diplomats and is pro-free market. Guaido has laid out an economic recovery plan that calls on private companies to help rescue Venezuela's decaying oil industry, a proposal Lopez had a hand in shaping. The perception that the hard-line faction of the Opposition has won the day could make the regime more liable to dig in, making any negotiation more unlikely. One Opposition plan posits that Maduro would negotiate his own removal, leaving in exchange for, say, safe passage to a friendly country. With the Opposition taking action, "the Maduro team doesn't want to talk to them and doesn't trust them," said Phil Gunson, who tracks Venezuela's crisis for the International Crisis Group, a non-profit that studies conflicts. "They think they will all end up in jail or strung up from lampposts." If Maduro holds firm, it is likely to deepen the economic hardship for millions of Venezuelans. He could even emerge stronger, able to brag that he beat back a superpower. Zambrano, the member of Democratic Action, said that one big risk with the Opposition strategy is thinking it will all be over too soon and not planning for a long and drawn-out confrontation. "We've committed a lot of errors in strategies, thinking the government was going to be ousted in a day," he said. "Whoever bases their politics on that is going to fail." The road to the standoff comes after three years of setbacks for the Opposition that left them despondent, according to interviews with prominent members of several parties. It also left four prominent leaders with the sense that the time for dramatic action was growing near. All have been targets of the regime. Antonio Ledezma, 63, is a former Caracas mayor who spent time jailed and under house arrest before escaping to Spain. His close ally is Maria Corina Machado, 51, an industrial engineer whose brief career as a lawmaker in the National Assembly included getting her nose broken in an attack by ruling party lawmakers, being accused of trying to assassinate Maduro and getting expelled from the legislature in 2014. She is considered among the more intrepid of Opposition leaders for holding rallies and speeches in pro-government communities, where she has been physically beaten and fired upon. Julio Borges, 49, who lives in exile in Colombia, was the peacenik of the group. A father of quadruplets, he had long favored negotiations and elections. His position hardened toward taking action after he was threatened with jail early last year, forcing him and his family to flee. And then there is Leopoldo López, 47, the head of Popular Will. The best-known adversary of the regime outside of Venezuela, he has maintained close ties with his Opposition colleagues despite being confined at his apartment with an ankle monitor. He was jailed after protests in 2014 on charges that rights groups, as well as his prosecutors who have since defected, called trumped up. He's a distant relative of Simón Bolívar, the liberation hero whose legacy Maduro's Socialist Party has long leaned on. The four leaders had in the past often bitterly disagreed over how to remove Maduro, and before him, Hugo Chavez, who turned Venezuela toward socialism after he took office in 1999. Some in the Opposition argued a tough approach led to costly blunders, including a short-lived 2002 coup that ended up strengthening Chavez's hand, and demonstrations in 2014 and 2017 that failed to force Maduro's ouster while taking the lives of nearly 200 young people. "The Opposition was a mess," Borges said. "We had no plan. Some wanted dialogue, others not." The government's own autocracy fueled the hardening in the Opposition. It neutered the Opposition-controlled Congress, created a parallel assembly, illegally sunk a recall referendum on Maduro and barred leading opponents from running against Maduro last year. The four leaders saw some factors breaking their way. Some 60 countries called the presidential vote illegitimate. The geopolitical stars aligned from South America to Washington and Europe, as conservative governments opposed to Maduro took power and policymakers in Washington who had long wanted to take action on Venezuela received the go-ahead. By the end of last year, the country was descending into anarchy. Inflation had hit 1.7 million per cent for the year. Food and medicine shortages were critical, and oil production was falling fast. Dec was marked by protests as Venezuelans tried to celebrate Christmas without pork, a holiday tradition. By December, the four were discussing strategy every day, the Dow Jones Newswires report added. "We spent hours every day on Zoom, talking about what to do," said Borges, referring to the video conferencing app.

'What the hell is going on?' How a tiny cabal galvanised Venezuela's Opposition

The United States said Thursday it was revoking visas of <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-opposition-plans-to-get-oil-money-from-us-fund-195717">Venezuelan</a> lawmakers seated by President <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-assembly-head-warns-of-irregular-war-upon-foreign-intervention-195790">Nicolas Maduro </a>as it criticized European and Latin American countries for seeking dialogue with the embattled leader.

The United States has recognised Juan Guaido, the head of the opposition-led National Assembly, as the interim president of the economically troubled nation.&nbsp;

Also read:<a href="http://www.wionews.com/opinions/venezuela-us-sanctions-hurt-but-the-economic-crisis-is-homegrown-195759"> US sanctions hurt, but the economic crisis is homegrown in Venezuela</a>

Maduro rejects the elected body's authority and in 2017 paved the way for a rival Constituent Assembly, whose members are stacked with supporters of the leftist firebrand after the opposition boycotted the vote.

Elliot Abrams, the new US envoy on the Venezuelan crisis, said that Washington was revoking the visas of an unspecified number of members of the Constituent Assembly.

"The body has usurped many of the constitutional powers of the legitimate National Assembly and embodies Maduro's destruction of democratic institutions," Abrams told reporters.

He also denounced a meeting in Montevideo of ministers from more than a dozen European and Latin American countries who are seeking a mediated path to end Venezuela's standoff.

The talks involve EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini and are spearheaded by Mexico and Uruguay, two of the only Latin American countries not to have recognized Guaido other than Maduro allies such as Cuba.

Abrams -- a longtime Republican foreign policy player who helped steer Ronald Reagan's controversial backing of anti-communist forces in Central America -- said that countries should only deal with Guaido.

"Instead of trying to accommodate Maduro through contact groups or dialogue, we urge countries to recognize Juan Guaido as interim president and join us in responding to his call for immediate international humanitarian assistance to meet the needs of the Venezuelan people," Abrams said.

"Maduro has proven he will manipulate any calls for negotiations to his advantage and he has often used so-called dialogues as a way to play for time," he said.

"The time for dialogue with Maduro has long passed."

The United States, along with allies Colombia and Brazil, are trying to bring aid into Venezuela, a move that Maduro says is a precursor to a US invasion.

The United States said Thursday it was revoking visas of Venezuelan lawmakers seated by President Nicolas Maduro as it criticized European and Latin American countries for seeking dialogue with the embattled leader.

The United States said Thursday it was revoking visas of Venezuelan lawmakers seated by President Nicolas Maduro as it criticized European and Latin American countries for seeking dialogue with the embattled leader. The United States has recognised Juan Guaido, the head of the opposition-led National Assembly, as the interim president of the economically troubled nation. Also read: US sanctions hurt, but the economic crisis is homegrown in Venezuela Maduro rejects the elected body's authority and in 2017 paved the way for a rival Constituent Assembly, whose members are stacked with supporters of the leftist firebrand after the opposition boycotted the vote. Elliot Abrams, the new US envoy on the Venezuelan crisis, said that Washington was revoking the visas of an unspecified number of members of the Constituent Assembly. "The body has usurped many of the constitutional powers of the legitimate National Assembly and embodies Maduro's destruction of democratic institutions," Abrams told reporters. He also denounced a meeting in Montevideo of ministers from more than a dozen European and Latin American countries who are seeking a mediated path to end Venezuela's standoff. The talks involve EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini and are spearheaded by Mexico and Uruguay, two of the only Latin American countries not to have recognized Guaido other than Maduro allies such as Cuba. Abrams -- a longtime Republican foreign policy player who helped steer Ronald Reagan's controversial backing of anti-communist forces in Central America -- said that countries should only deal with Guaido. "Instead of trying to accommodate Maduro through contact groups or dialogue, we urge countries to recognize Juan Guaido as interim president and join us in responding to his call for immediate international humanitarian assistance to meet the needs of the Venezuelan people," Abrams said. "Maduro has proven he will manipulate any calls for negotiations to his advantage and he has often used so-called dialogues as a way to play for time," he said. "The time for dialogue with Maduro has long passed." The United States, along with allies Colombia and Brazil, are trying to bring aid into Venezuela, a move that Maduro says is a precursor to a US invasion.

US revokes visas of Venezuelan lawmakers seated by Maduro

It's a topsy-turvy world. President Emmanuel Macron's France can recognise Juan Guaido, who is leading the protests in distant Venezuela, as “Interim President” of that country. But Italy's Deputy Prime Minister Luigi Di Maio cannot meet “Yellow Vest” protesters demonstrating on the streets of Paris. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Why is the recognition of protests acceptable in the case of Venezuela but not when it comes to France? &nbsp;

Because the West led by the United States and its camp followers in Europe say so. This is the so-called “international community” known for its duplicitous standards. &nbsp;

When it comes to bleeding or browbeating a developing country the developed industrial nations of the North band come and set aside their own differences, divisions and disputes. They also find collaborators among poorer southern nations willing to strike against one of their own. Which explains Venezuela's neighbours acting as columns of the US, which is out to topple President Nicolas Maduro; and, as a step towards this, has recognised Guaido as “Interim President”.&nbsp;

What happened in Venezuela?&nbsp; &nbsp;

On January 10, President Maduro began his second term. The next day, Guaido, who is also National Assembly President, declared himself “Interim President”. A week later thousands came out to root for Guaido; and, on January 19, there were violent clashes between supporters of Maduro and Guaido. The army was incited to revolt. However, the Maduro government put down the mutiny even as protests escalated in the capital Caracas.&nbsp; 
 
In the last one month, all efforts to unseat Maduro – from propping up Guaido, his recognition by powerful nations barring Russia, China, India, Iran and Turkey to inciting the armed forces, imposing sanctions, squeezing Venezuela economically, denying the country food and medicines and funding protests – have failed. The US-led community is certain to keep at it till Maduro goes, for South America has been its backyard where its chosen dictators have ruled the roost for the last 100 years.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Those opposed to US-led interference and regime-change in Venezuela have taken the stand that it is for Venezuela to resolve its internal issues. Given the 'big power play' in Venezuela – the world's largest petroleum producer – it is, no coincidence that the protests in Caracas have overshadowed the Yellow Vest protests in France.&nbsp;

The protests in France began on November 17, almost two months before the eruption in Venezuela. A move to hike fuel prices drew more than 300,000 people across France to protest by raising barricades, jamming streets and blocking roads.&nbsp;

Soon the protests, which were not to any script and had no leadership, swelled into a movement where the demonstrators clashed with the police. The violent police crackdown – said to be the worst in 40 years -- has been likened to that unleashed upon students during the 1968 revolt.&nbsp;

President Macron's handling of the protests was repressive and inept. He promised to hold back on the proposed fuel tax and called for a national debate on economic issues. The debate was a flop. His promise to hike wages and pensions did not staunch the tide of protest.&nbsp;

A few days ago, some 12 weeks after the protests began, France passed the anti-hooligan law to suppress the yellow vest protests. The police have been given enormous powers to pick out trouble-makers from demonstrations. Local authorities can ban individual protesters. And, protesters have been banned from hiding their faces.

The passing of this draconian law was dubbed as a “Black Day” for French democracy. President Macron, once hailed as the harbinger of change in France and Europe, proved that he is as intolerant of dissent and protest as Latin American dictators. It is hardly surprising then that President Macron approval ratings are the worst even; and, France's annual growth rate is the worst in over two years.&nbsp;

Yet President Macron recognised Venezuelan protesters leader Guaido as “Interim President”.&nbsp; Can other countries follow the French example and use the same argument to talk to the Yellow Vest protesters?&nbsp;&nbsp;

Apparently not. France recalled its ambassador to Italy because Italian Deputy Prime Minister &nbsp;Luigi di Maio met leaders of the Yellow Vest movement. Earlier France, which is now interfering in the affairs of Venezuela (in the footsteps of the US), had warned Di Maio that "this new provocation is unacceptable”. After his meeting with the protesters, Di Maio, leader of Italy's populist Five Star Movement, tweeted "The wind of change has crossed the Alps".&nbsp;&nbsp;

Italy's ruling coalition, which includes the Five Star movement, is divided on Guaido. Di Maio has not only stopped the Italian government from backing Guaido but also scuttled the European Union from taking a joint position in support of Guaido. Venezuelans of Italian origin are a large and influential group in the South American country.&nbsp; 
 
It is surprising that the EU, which is divided on a host of issues from migrants and refugees to human rights and trade, should be one when it comes to ganging up against Venezuela. And, see it as an opportunity to get on the right side of US President Donald Trump despite disputes and differences that have kept the trans-Atlantic partners far apart in recent years.&nbsp; &nbsp;

In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Prize for its contribution to peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights. That reads more like an epitaph to a Europe where democracy and human rights are little valued except as instruments for striking trade bargains and selling military hardware.&nbsp; 
 
( Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

It's a topsy-turvy world. President Emmanuel Macron's France can recognise Juan Guaido, who is leading the protests in distant Venezuela, as “Interim President” of that country.

It's a topsy-turvy world. President Emmanuel Macron's France can recognise Juan Guaido, who is leading the protests in distant Venezuela, as “Interim President” of that country. But Italy's Deputy Prime Minister Luigi Di Maio cannot meet “Yellow Vest” protesters demonstrating on the streets of Paris. Why is the recognition of protests acceptable in the case of Venezuela but not when it comes to France? Because the West led by the United States and its camp followers in Europe say so. This is the so-called “international community” known for its duplicitous standards. When it comes to bleeding or browbeating a developing country the developed industrial nations of the North band come and set aside their own differences, divisions and disputes. They also find collaborators among poorer southern nations willing to strike against one of their own. Which explains Venezuela's neighbours acting as columns of the US, which is out to topple President Nicolas Maduro; and, as a step towards this, has recognised Guaido as “Interim President”. What happened in Venezuela? On January 10, President Maduro began his second term. The next day, Guaido, who is also National Assembly President, declared himself “Interim President”. A week later thousands came out to root for Guaido; and, on January 19, there were violent clashes between supporters of Maduro and Guaido. The army was incited to revolt. However, the Maduro government put down the mutiny even as protests escalated in the capital Caracas. In the last one month, all efforts to unseat Maduro – from propping up Guaido, his recognition by powerful nations barring Russia, China, India, Iran and Turkey to inciting the armed forces, imposing sanctions, squeezing Venezuela economically, denying the country food and medicines and funding protests – have failed. The US-led community is certain to keep at it till Maduro goes, for South America has been its backyard where its chosen dictators have ruled the roost for the last 100 years. Those opposed to US-led interference and regime-change in Venezuela have taken the stand that it is for Venezuela to resolve its internal issues. Given the 'big power play' in Venezuela – the world's largest petroleum producer – it is, no coincidence that the protests in Caracas have overshadowed the Yellow Vest protests in France. The protests in France began on November 17, almost two months before the eruption in Venezuela. A move to hike fuel prices drew more than 300,000 people across France to protest by raising barricades, jamming streets and blocking roads. Soon the protests, which were not to any script and had no leadership, swelled into a movement where the demonstrators clashed with the police. The violent police crackdown – said to be the worst in 40 years -- has been likened to that unleashed upon students during the 1968 revolt. President Macron's handling of the protests was repressive and inept. He promised to hold back on the proposed fuel tax and called for a national debate on economic issues. The debate was a flop. His promise to hike wages and pensions did not staunch the tide of protest. A few days ago, some 12 weeks after the protests began, France passed the anti-hooligan law to suppress the yellow vest protests. The police have been given enormous powers to pick out trouble-makers from demonstrations. Local authorities can ban individual protesters. And, protesters have been banned from hiding their faces. The passing of this draconian law was dubbed as a “Black Day” for French democracy. President Macron, once hailed as the harbinger of change in France and Europe, proved that he is as intolerant of dissent and protest as Latin American dictators. It is hardly surprising then that President Macron approval ratings are the worst even; and, France's annual growth rate is the worst in over two years. Yet President Macron recognised Venezuelan protesters leader Guaido as “Interim President”. Can other countries follow the French example and use the same argument to talk to the Yellow Vest protesters? Apparently not. France recalled its ambassador to Italy because Italian Deputy Prime Minister Luigi di Maio met leaders of the Yellow Vest movement. Earlier France, which is now interfering in the affairs of Venezuela (in the footsteps of the US), had warned Di Maio that "this new provocation is unacceptable”. After his meeting with the protesters, Di Maio, leader of Italy's populist Five Star Movement, tweeted "The wind of change has crossed the Alps". Italy's ruling coalition, which includes the Five Star movement, is divided on Guaido. Di Maio has not only stopped the Italian government from backing Guaido but also scuttled the European Union from taking a joint position in support of Guaido. Venezuelans of Italian origin are a large and influential group in the South American country. It is surprising that the EU, which is divided on a host of issues from migrants and refugees to human rights and trade, should be one when it comes to ganging up against Venezuela. And, see it as an opportunity to get on the right side of US President Donald Trump despite disputes and differences that have kept the trans-Atlantic partners far apart in recent years. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Prize for its contribution to peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights. That reads more like an epitaph to a Europe where democracy and human rights are little valued except as instruments for striking trade bargains and selling military hardware. ( Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

Venezuela, France & West's duplicity

An international meeting to negotiate a solution to the Venezuelan crisis was set to open Thursday in Montevideo as President Nicolas Maduro and opposition <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-challenging-maduro-through-humanitarian-aid-195434">leader Juan Guaido</a> sparred over allowing <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-military-blocks-humanitarian-aid-shipment-195568">humanitarian aid</a> into the crisis-wracked country.

The European Union, eight other European countries and five Latin American nations were scheduled to meet in the Uruguayan capital with the goal of creating conditions for a peaceful political process, according to a European diplomatic source.

The initiative, originally launched by Mexico and Uruguay as a "neutral countries" conference on Venezuela, has evolved into a meeting of a "Contact Group" launched by the EU in late January and joined by Costa Rica, Bolivia and Ecuador.

On Wednesday, Maduro — having rejected an EU ultimatum on organizing snap presidential elections — welcomed the meeting and expressed support for "all steps and initiatives to facilitate dialogue".

But Guaido, who on January 23 declared himself Venezuela's interim president and is now recognized by 40 countries, has strongly rejected any talks with the government, dismissing it as a way for Maduro to buy time.

An international meeting to negotiate a solution to the Venezuelan crisis was set to open Thursday in Montevideo as President Nicolas Maduro and opposition leader Juan Guaido sparred over allowing humanitarian aid into the crisis-wracked country.

An international meeting to negotiate a solution to the Venezuelan crisis was set to open Thursday in Montevideo as President Nicolas Maduro and opposition leader Juan Guaido sparred over allowing humanitarian aid into the crisis-wracked country. The European Union, eight other European countries and five Latin American nations were scheduled to meet in the Uruguayan capital with the goal of creating conditions for a peaceful political process, according to a European diplomatic source. The initiative, originally launched by Mexico and Uruguay as a "neutral countries" conference on Venezuela, has evolved into a meeting of a "Contact Group" launched by the EU in late January and joined by Costa Rica, Bolivia and Ecuador. On Wednesday, Maduro — having rejected an EU ultimatum on organizing snap presidential elections — welcomed the meeting and expressed support for "all steps and initiatives to facilitate dialogue". But Guaido, who on January 23 declared himself Venezuela's interim president and is now recognized by 40 countries, has strongly rejected any talks with the government, dismissing it as a way for Maduro to buy time.

Europeans, Latin Americans to meet on Venezuela crisis

Yajaira Gonzalez cries as she gathers with hundreds of other Venezuelans across the Colombian border from her homeland.

A 64-year-old with greying hair, she used to back the socialist regime in her native Venezuela — until her country's economic meltdown forced her to flee.

Now she is begging Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro to let through foreign humanitarian aid — food, medicine and personal hygiene gear — to her desperate compatriots back home.

"It is not like you say, that we are doing OK," said Gonzalez, referring to Maduro. "Mr&nbsp;President, we are not OK. We are suffering."

The issue of the US and other foreign aid has become the latest focus in a struggle between Maduro and<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-challenging-maduro-through-humanitarian-aid-195434"> national assembly speaker Juan Guaido</a>.

Guaido last month declared himself interim president and is now recognized as such by some 40 countries, led by the United States.

Guaido is in favour of accepting aid. But Maduro says it would be the first step toward a military invasion by the United States — whom the socialist leader blames for the economic crisis.

Gonzalez said she used to be a Chavista, or supporter of Maduro's predecessor, the late socialist firebrand Hugo Chavez — but not anymore.

Suffering from Venezuela's hyperinflation and acute shortages of basic goods, she fled from Venezuela to the city of Villa del Rosario in Colombia.

The United Nations says the crisis has prompted 2.3 million Venezuelans like her to flee their country since 2015.

Bridge blocked&nbsp;

When it was announced that any aid that arrives will be only for Venezuelans living inside their country, ones who had migrated into Colombia gathered at the border to see what they could get.

Meters away from where Gonzalez stands are warehouses that the Colombian government has set up to collect medicine, non-perishable food and hygiene kits financed by the US government. More such aid has been pledged from Brazil and an as yet unidentified Caribbean island.

Maduro has refused to let in the aid.

His military has blocked a border bridge over which the aid could have passed into Venezuela.

Two huge blue freight containers and the rear part of a fuel tanker truck have been placed across all three spans of the Tienditas bridge, which connects Cucuta in Colombia with Urena in Venezuela.&nbsp;

'A friend died '&nbsp;

Around 35,000 people per day continue to use an alternative crossing: old bridge named after South American liberator Simon Bolivar.

On that ageing span, an engineer named Dajelys Lopez trudges along pushing a stroller with her newborn baby, hoping to find in Cucuta what she cannot get in Venezuela.

Her face is marked with the pain of having seen people close to her suffer in the economic crisis.

"Yesterday a friend died because he suffered a seizure and did not have medication to deal with it," Lopez said.

Aid pledges&nbsp;

Colombian Foreign Minister Carlos Holmes Trujillo has said that planes carrying aid for Venezuela have arrived in Colombia.

Washington has pledged $20 million (17.6 million euros) in aid, while Canada has pledged $40 million and the EU $7.5 million.

Colombia and Venezuela have had practically no diplomatic relations since mid-2017. Colombian President Ivan Duque is one of the most outspoken leaders against the Maduro dictatorship.

Duque has led a diplomatic offensive aiming to pressure Maduro to resign and make way for new elections.

Guaido has appealed to the Venezuelan military — a critical source of support for Maduro — to let in the aid.

The standoff will be a key test for the unity of the Venezuelan military high command, which so far has maintained its public backing for Maduro.

Venezuela's army has to choose between "a dictatorship that does not have an iota of humanity, or to side with the constitution", Guaido said in an interview on Colombian radio.

Amid the war of words, life went on as usual at the border, with police on both sides carrying out routine patrols.

Maduro has repeatedly blamed Venezuela's crisis on what he calls an "economic war" against his oil-rich country by the United States.

The US has declined to rule out military intervention.

"I was a Chavista! I was a Chavista!" Gonzalez said, her voice breaking.

"But I want (Maduro) to surrender the presidency so we Venezuelans can live in peace."

Yajaira Gonzalez cries as she gathers with hundreds of other Venezuelans across the Colombian border from her homeland. A 64-year-old with greying hair, she used to back the socialist regime in her native Venezuela — until her country's economic meltdown forced her to flee.

Yajaira Gonzalez cries as she gathers with hundreds of other Venezuelans across the Colombian border from her homeland. A 64-year-old with greying hair, she used to back the socialist regime in her native Venezuela — until her country's economic meltdown forced her to flee. Now she is begging Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro to let through foreign humanitarian aid — food, medicine and personal hygiene gear — to her desperate compatriots back home. "It is not like you say, that we are doing OK," said Gonzalez, referring to Maduro. "Mr President, we are not OK. We are suffering." The issue of the US and other foreign aid has become the latest focus in a struggle between Maduro and national assembly speaker Juan Guaido. Guaido last month declared himself interim president and is now recognized as such by some 40 countries, led by the United States. Guaido is in favour of accepting aid. But Maduro says it would be the first step toward a military invasion by the United States — whom the socialist leader blames for the economic crisis. Gonzalez said she used to be a Chavista, or supporter of Maduro's predecessor, the late socialist firebrand Hugo Chavez — but not anymore. Suffering from Venezuela's hyperinflation and acute shortages of basic goods, she fled from Venezuela to the city of Villa del Rosario in Colombia. The United Nations says the crisis has prompted 2.3 million Venezuelans like her to flee their country since 2015. Bridge blocked When it was announced that any aid that arrives will be only for Venezuelans living inside their country, ones who had migrated into Colombia gathered at the border to see what they could get. Meters away from where Gonzalez stands are warehouses that the Colombian government has set up to collect medicine, non-perishable food and hygiene kits financed by the US government. More such aid has been pledged from Brazil and an as yet unidentified Caribbean island. Maduro has refused to let in the aid. His military has blocked a border bridge over which the aid could have passed into Venezuela. Two huge blue freight containers and the rear part of a fuel tanker truck have been placed across all three spans of the Tienditas bridge, which connects Cucuta in Colombia with Urena in Venezuela. 'A friend died ' Around 35,000 people per day continue to use an alternative crossing: old bridge named after South American liberator Simon Bolivar. On that ageing span, an engineer named Dajelys Lopez trudges along pushing a stroller with her newborn baby, hoping to find in Cucuta what she cannot get in Venezuela. Her face is marked with the pain of having seen people close to her suffer in the economic crisis. "Yesterday a friend died because he suffered a seizure and did not have medication to deal with it," Lopez said. Aid pledges Colombian Foreign Minister Carlos Holmes Trujillo has said that planes carrying aid for Venezuela have arrived in Colombia. Washington has pledged $20 million (17.6 million euros) in aid, while Canada has pledged $40 million and the EU $7.5 million. Colombia and Venezuela have had practically no diplomatic relations since mid-2017. Colombian President Ivan Duque is one of the most outspoken leaders against the Maduro dictatorship. Duque has led a diplomatic offensive aiming to pressure Maduro to resign and make way for new elections. Guaido has appealed to the Venezuelan military — a critical source of support for Maduro — to let in the aid. The standoff will be a key test for the unity of the Venezuelan military high command, which so far has maintained its public backing for Maduro. Venezuela's army has to choose between "a dictatorship that does not have an iota of humanity, or to side with the constitution", Guaido said in an interview on Colombian radio. Amid the war of words, life went on as usual at the border, with police on both sides carrying out routine patrols. Maduro has repeatedly blamed Venezuela's crisis on what he calls an "economic war" against his oil-rich country by the United States. The US has declined to rule out military intervention. "I was a Chavista! I was a Chavista!" Gonzalez said, her voice breaking. "But I want (Maduro) to surrender the presidency so we Venezuelans can live in peace."

At Colombia border, Venezuelans hunger for aid

Venezuela Crisis: Maduro govt blocks humanitarian aid

The head of the National Constituent Assembly of Venezuela warned on Wednesday of an "irregular war" if the United States intervenes to remove its president from power.

Diosdado Cabello's statement came during his weekly television program in response to US Senator Marco Rubio, who criticised the Venezuelan government's decision to block Tienditas Bridge to Colombia that day, saying it was preventing food and life-saving medicine from reaching Venezuelans.&nbsp;

"I'm going to tell you, Marco Rubio, if you're making fun of us because we put some containers [on the bridge], if you come, there will be an irregular war. Prepare for what’s to come," Cabello said.

He also said the government of President Nicolas Maduro blocked the bridge because "in Venezuelan territory" it can do whatever it likes.

The Venezuelan opposition deputy Franklyn Duarte reported that the bridge was blocked by Army personnel on the presumption that through this road Venezuela would <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-military-blocks-humanitarian-aid-shipment-195568">receive aid to alleviate the humanitarian emergency in the country</a>, a crisis which the Maduro government denies.

Parliament head and self-proclaimed national <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-challenging-maduro-through-humanitarian-aid-195434">president Juan Guaido</a> said that blocking the bridge is "an absurd reaction by a regime that is not interested in the public."

"We're going to do everything possible so that this aid can come in," he added.

The humanitarian aid for Venezuela was requested by the opposition despite the refusal of the Maduro’s government, which believes it could give way to a foreign invasion.

Although it is unclear how the aid for Venezuela is going to enter, the opposition parliament has already said there will be a collection centre in the Colombian city of Cucuta, bordering Venezuela.

According to the Venezuelan parliament, collection centres in Brazil and on an unnamed island in the Caribbean will also be installed for aid coming from Venezuelan companies abroad, as well as Colombia and the US.

Despite its enormous oil reserves, Venezuela is going through a severe economic crisis that has descended into a nationwide shortage of basic foods and medicines as well as deficient public services.&nbsp;

The Venezuelan government frequently blames the performance of its economy on a war led by the United States together with internal and regional opposition. 
&nbsp;

The head of the National Constituent Assembly of Venezuela warned on Wednesday of an "irregular war" if the United States intervenes to remove its president from power.

The head of the National Constituent Assembly of Venezuela warned on Wednesday of an "irregular war" if the United States intervenes to remove its president from power. Diosdado Cabello's statement came during his weekly television program in response to US Senator Marco Rubio, who criticised the Venezuelan government's decision to block Tienditas Bridge to Colombia that day, saying it was preventing food and life-saving medicine from reaching Venezuelans. "I'm going to tell you, Marco Rubio, if you're making fun of us because we put some containers [on the bridge], if you come, there will be an irregular war. Prepare for what’s to come," Cabello said. He also said the government of President Nicolas Maduro blocked the bridge because "in Venezuelan territory" it can do whatever it likes. The Venezuelan opposition deputy Franklyn Duarte reported that the bridge was blocked by Army personnel on the presumption that through this road Venezuela would receive aid to alleviate the humanitarian emergency in the country, a crisis which the Maduro government denies. Parliament head and self-proclaimed national president Juan Guaido said that blocking the bridge is "an absurd reaction by a regime that is not interested in the public." "We're going to do everything possible so that this aid can come in," he added. The humanitarian aid for Venezuela was requested by the opposition despite the refusal of the Maduro’s government, which believes it could give way to a foreign invasion. Although it is unclear how the aid for Venezuela is going to enter, the opposition parliament has already said there will be a collection centre in the Colombian city of Cucuta, bordering Venezuela. According to the Venezuelan parliament, collection centres in Brazil and on an unnamed island in the Caribbean will also be installed for aid coming from Venezuelan companies abroad, as well as Colombia and the US. Despite its enormous oil reserves, Venezuela is going through a severe economic crisis that has descended into a nationwide shortage of basic foods and medicines as well as deficient public services. The Venezuelan government frequently blames the performance of its economy on a war led by the United States together with internal and regional opposition.

Venezuela assembly head warns of 'irregular war' upon foreign intervention

By Thomas Purcell

There appear to be two distinct responses to the current crisis in Venezuela. Either an authoritarian regime (led by Nicolás Maduro) is clinging to power against the wishes of popular forces arrayed around the new self-declared interim President Juan Guaidó. Or Venezuela is facing a coup backed by US imperialism with clear designs on the country’s huge oil reserves.

As with most complex situations, neither of these narratives fully captures what is going on. Indeed, for the majority of Venezuelans – thousands of whom have again taken to the streets across the country in peaceful demonstrations – ideological epithets pale in comparison to the economic impact they are experiencing in their daily lives.

Many face hunger, seeing family members flee the country (upwards of 3m have left the country) and rampant hyperinflation (predicted by the International Monetary Fund to reach an astronomical 10,000,000 per cent in 2019).

And make no mistake – despite the much publicised US sanctions, the economic crisis in Venezuela is homegrown. The government’s attempt to set prices for basic goods, maintain currency and exchange controls and regulate profits has decimated domestic production.

It has also strengthened black markets and encouraged the smuggling of everything from meat to nappies over the border with Colombia – a trade which has become an everyday survival strategy for thousands of Venezuelans.

Maduro’s government has been peddling the line of “economic war” for over four years. It even denies inflation actually exists, while printing more money to pay for increases in a minimum wage that doesn’t even cover the cost of a dozen eggs.

In a recent television interview, Maduro blamed the supposed economic war when asked about a rate of 3 per cent inflation per day in 2018. He also expressed a willingness to hold talks with his political rival Guaidó – while also somewhat ominously stating that 50,000 civilian militia members with access to weapons were on stand by to “defend the peace”.

Sanctions that have been in place since 2017 have exacerbated the economic crisis but were not successful in an attempt to force Maduro out of power. Yet, paradoxically, the very public US backing of Guaidó has increased the plausibility of Maduro’s claim – because with added sanctions now in place designed to restrict food supplies and oil equipment, that economic war has become very real.

The fact that this is a homegrown crisis is not lost on the people taking to the streets. So it can seem surprising that some angry Venezuelans don’t welcome internationally supported regime change. Still, others maintain steadfast supporters of “Chavismo” – the political movement named after the late president Hugo Chávez, Maduro’s predecessor. “Chavismo” still carries significant weight among activists anxious to defend “la patria” (the fatherland) from any external intervention.

Let’s take one salient example. The agricultural commune “El Maizal”, located between the states of Lara and Portuguesa, is perhaps the most successful worker-run cooperative still struggling for their vision of 21st-century socialism. While extremely critical of the “corruption, bureaucracy and clientelism” that pervades the government, the commune’s Twitter feed expresses the militant sentiment of a people prepared to rise up against the perceived threat of “Yankee imperialism”.

(Thomas Purcell is Senior Lecturer in International Political Economy, Leeds Beckett University)

(This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/venezuela-us-sanctions-hurt-but-the-economic-crisis-is-home-grown-111280">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

By Thomas Purcell There appear to be two distinct responses to the current crisis in Venezuela. Either an authoritarian regime (led by Nicolás Maduro) is clinging to power against the wishes of popular forces arrayed around the new self-declared interim President Juan Guaidó.

By Thomas Purcell There appear to be two distinct responses to the current crisis in Venezuela. Either an authoritarian regime (led by Nicolás Maduro) is clinging to power against the wishes of popular forces arrayed around the new self-declared interim President Juan Guaidó. Or Venezuela is facing a coup backed by US imperialism with clear designs on the country’s huge oil reserves. As with most complex situations, neither of these narratives fully captures what is going on. Indeed, for the majority of Venezuelans – thousands of whom have again taken to the streets across the country in peaceful demonstrations – ideological epithets pale in comparison to the economic impact they are experiencing in their daily lives. Many face hunger, seeing family members flee the country (upwards of 3m have left the country) and rampant hyperinflation (predicted by the International Monetary Fund to reach an astronomical 10,000,000 per cent in 2019). And make no mistake – despite the much publicised US sanctions, the economic crisis in Venezuela is homegrown. The government’s attempt to set prices for basic goods, maintain currency and exchange controls and regulate profits has decimated domestic production. It has also strengthened black markets and encouraged the smuggling of everything from meat to nappies over the border with Colombia – a trade which has become an everyday survival strategy for thousands of Venezuelans. Maduro’s government has been peddling the line of “economic war” for over four years. It even denies inflation actually exists, while printing more money to pay for increases in a minimum wage that doesn’t even cover the cost of a dozen eggs. In a recent television interview, Maduro blamed the supposed economic war when asked about a rate of 3 per cent inflation per day in 2018. He also expressed a willingness to hold talks with his political rival Guaidó – while also somewhat ominously stating that 50,000 civilian militia members with access to weapons were on stand by to “defend the peace”. Sanctions that have been in place since 2017 have exacerbated the economic crisis but were not successful in an attempt to force Maduro out of power. Yet, paradoxically, the very public US backing of Guaidó has increased the plausibility of Maduro’s claim – because with added sanctions now in place designed to restrict food supplies and oil equipment, that economic war has become very real. The fact that this is a homegrown crisis is not lost on the people taking to the streets. So it can seem surprising that some angry Venezuelans don’t welcome internationally supported regime change. Still, others maintain steadfast supporters of “Chavismo” – the political movement named after the late president Hugo Chávez, Maduro’s predecessor. “Chavismo” still carries significant weight among activists anxious to defend “la patria” (the fatherland) from any external intervention. Let’s take one salient example. The agricultural commune “El Maizal”, located between the states of Lara and Portuguesa, is perhaps the most successful worker-run cooperative still struggling for their vision of 21st-century socialism. While extremely critical of the “corruption, bureaucracy and clientelism” that pervades the government, the commune’s Twitter feed expresses the militant sentiment of a people prepared to rise up against the perceived threat of “Yankee imperialism”. (Thomas Purcell is Senior Lecturer in International Political Economy, Leeds Beckett University) (This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Venezuela: US sanctions hurt, but the economic crisis is homegrown

Nobel Peace Prize winner Nadia Murad and Venezuelan opposition leader <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/lima-group-canada-call-for-peaceful-change-without-military-intervention-in-venezuela-government-195182">Juan Guaido</a>'s envoy to Washington are among the top guests invited to attend US President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, lawmakers announced Monday.

In keeping with tradition, the 535 members of the US Congress may invite someone to accompany them to the annual speech, to be held Tuesday, where the president is expected to tout his accomplishments and outlines his vision for the future.

It's an occasion for the Democrats, Republicans and independents of the 100-member Senate and 435-member House of Representatives to bring guests who symbolize policy goals and bring attention to the causes they hold dear.

Murad, an Iraqi Yazidi woman who escaped the clutches of the Islamic State group to become a leading campaigner against sexual violence in war, and Carlos Vecchio, whom the US has recognized as Venezuela's top diplomat in Washington, are among the high-profile guests this year.

Murad was invited by Jeff Fortenberry, a Republican congressman for Nebraska, who said the 26-year-old's tale "is a story the world needs to hear."

"I am so honoured that she will be my guest at this year's State of the Union," he added.

IS fighters swept into Murad's village, Kojo, in August 2014, killing the men, taking children captive to train them as fighters and condemning thousands of women to a life of forced labour and sexual slavery.

Murad was taken to Mosul, the Iraqi "capital" of the IS's self-declared caliphate. She was held captive there and repeatedly gang-raped, tortured and beaten.

IS fighters wanted "to take our honour, but they lost their honour," she has said about the ordeal.

'Tireless advocate'

Vecchio, who has lived in exile since 2014, was invited by Republican Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who has called him a "tireless advocate for the restoration of democracy and freedom of his beloved homeland."

"I anticipate President Trump will reemphasize his administration's stance against tyrannical leaders in Latin America and in support of the people of Venezuela," Rubio said.

Venezuelan opposition chief Juan Guaido declared himself interim president last month, triggering an ongoing standoff with socialist leader Nicolas Maduro.

Britain, France and Spain were among 16 European nations to side with Guaido on Monday, following in the footsteps of key regional powers and the United States, which has refused to rule out military intervention in the crisis-wracked country.

Republican Senator Thom Tillis meanwhile announced he would be bringing Pastor Andrew Brunson, who was freed from a Turkish jail after spending a year and a half there and becoming a cause celebre for Trump's conservative Christian base.

Democratic Senator Jeff Merkeley of Oregon will be accompanied by a Guatemalan mother and daughter who were separated at the Mexico border in 2018 -- highlighting the plight of thousands of others who faced similar circumstances due to Trump's hardline immigration policies.

Republicans, on the other hand, have invited border patrol agents who fiercely defend the president's fight against illegal border crossings.

Nobel Peace Prize winner Nadia Murad and Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido's envoy to Washington are among the top guests invited to attend US President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, lawmakers announced Monday.

Nobel Peace Prize winner Nadia Murad and Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido's envoy to Washington are among the top guests invited to attend US President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, lawmakers announced Monday. In keeping with tradition, the 535 members of the US Congress may invite someone to accompany them to the annual speech, to be held Tuesday, where the president is expected to tout his accomplishments and outlines his vision for the future. It's an occasion for the Democrats, Republicans and independents of the 100-member Senate and 435-member House of Representatives to bring guests who symbolize policy goals and bring attention to the causes they hold dear. Murad, an Iraqi Yazidi woman who escaped the clutches of the Islamic State group to become a leading campaigner against sexual violence in war, and Carlos Vecchio, whom the US has recognized as Venezuela's top diplomat in Washington, are among the high-profile guests this year. Murad was invited by Jeff Fortenberry, a Republican congressman for Nebraska, who said the 26-year-old's tale "is a story the world needs to hear." "I am so honoured that she will be my guest at this year's State of the Union," he added. IS fighters swept into Murad's village, Kojo, in August 2014, killing the men, taking children captive to train them as fighters and condemning thousands of women to a life of forced labour and sexual slavery. Murad was taken to Mosul, the Iraqi "capital" of the IS's self-declared caliphate. She was held captive there and repeatedly gang-raped, tortured and beaten. IS fighters wanted "to take our honour, but they lost their honour," she has said about the ordeal. 'Tireless advocate' Vecchio, who has lived in exile since 2014, was invited by Republican Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who has called him a "tireless advocate for the restoration of democracy and freedom of his beloved homeland." "I anticipate President Trump will reemphasize his administration's stance against tyrannical leaders in Latin America and in support of the people of Venezuela," Rubio said. Venezuelan opposition chief Juan Guaido declared himself interim president last month, triggering an ongoing standoff with socialist leader Nicolas Maduro. Britain, France and Spain were among 16 European nations to side with Guaido on Monday, following in the footsteps of key regional powers and the United States, which has refused to rule out military intervention in the crisis-wracked country. Republican Senator Thom Tillis meanwhile announced he would be bringing Pastor Andrew Brunson, who was freed from a Turkish jail after spending a year and a half there and becoming a cause celebre for Trump's conservative Christian base. Democratic Senator Jeff Merkeley of Oregon will be accompanied by a Guatemalan mother and daughter who were separated at the Mexico border in 2018 -- highlighting the plight of thousands of others who faced similar circumstances due to Trump's hardline immigration policies. Republicans, on the other hand, have invited border patrol agents who fiercely defend the president's fight against illegal border crossings.

Nobel laureate Nadia Murad, Juan Guaido's envoy among top guests for Trump's State of Union address

The Lima Group of Latin American countries and <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trudeau-speaks-with-venezuelas-guaido-praises-courage-and-leadership-194951">Canada</a> called Monday for a peaceful change in government in Venezuela, without <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/you-will-stain-the-presidency-with-blood-venezuelas-maduro-to-trump-194921">military intervention</a>.

They also urged <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/un-will-not-join-any-group-on-venezuela-crisis-talks-antonio-guterres-195154">Venezuela's military</a> to support opposition leader Juan Guaido as interim president and "not to impede the entry and transit of <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/canadas-trudeau-announces-53-million-in-aid-to-venezuelans-195147">humanitarian assistance</a> to Venezuelans."&nbsp;

Eleven of the group's 14 members said in a joint statement after meeting in Ottawa -- which saw protesters briefly disrupt a closing press conference -- that they "reiterate their support for a process of peaceful transition through political and diplomatic means without the use of force."

At the same time, the group welcomed into the Lima Group Guaido's "legitimate government of Venezuela" and vowed to "recognize and work with" his representatives in their respective countries.

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/russia-slams-european-interference-in-venezuela-195064">Russia slams European 'interference' in Venezuela</a>

At a closing press conference, host Chrystia Freeland, Canada's foreign minister, said 34 countries have so far recognized Guaido as Venezuela's interim leader until new elections are held.

She pressed the entire international community to join them, and to also freeze the assets of President Nicolas Maduro's "dictatorial regime." Those monies should be placed in the hands of the transition government, she said.

Pressed about possible military intervention in Venezuela, Freeland was unequivocal -- it is not an option.&nbsp;

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/uk-spain-recognises-venezuela-opposition-leader-guaido-as-acting-president-195050">UK, France, Germany recognise Venezuela opposition leader Guaido as acting president</a>

"This is a process led by the people of Venezuela in their very brave quest to return their country themselves to democracy in accordance with their own constitution," she said.

Peru's Foreign Minister Nestor Popolizio echoed those comments, saying: "We would not consider the use of force."

Two women using press credentials to access the event briefly interrupted, unfurling a banner and chanting "Hands off Venezuela" before being escorted away by security.

Freeland smiled and remarked that protesting was a right guaranteed by the constitution in Canada, one that "I am sad to say political protesters in Venezuela do not (have)."

Earlier, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau pledged Can$53 million ($40 million US) in humanitarian aid for Venezuelans amid the deepening crisis.

The bulk of the funds is set to go to "trusted partners" and neighbouring countries to help them support three million refugees that have fled Venezuela, he said.

'Very close' to reclaiming freedom

Guaido has accused the military -- controlled by President<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-maduro-writes-to-pope-francis-for-help-195155"> Nicolas Maduro</a> -- of planning to divert international humanitarian aid headed for the crisis-torn country.

"We have received information, from the circle close to the high command, who are no longer evaluating if they let it enter or not, but how they will steal it from us," Guaido told reporters in Caracas.

"They are going to hijack it to distribute it through the CLAP," he alleged, referring to the socialist government's program to distribute subsidized food boxes to its supporters.

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906">European Union</a> deputy diplomatic chief Helga Schmid also participated by videoconference in the Lima Group talks.

Guaido, who heads the opposition-controlled National Assembly, addressed the gathering in a video message, saying he looked forward to having "free and fair elections as soon as possible in order to restore democracy to Venezuela."

Venezuelans are "very close to reclaiming their freedom," he said.

The next Lima Group meeting is due to be hosted by Colombia.&nbsp;

Emergency talks at the headquarters of the Organization of American States in Washington will also be held on February 14 to help deliver aid to the country's population facing major shortages of food and medicine.

The Lima Group of Latin American countries and Canada called Monday for a peaceful change in government in Venezuela, without military intervention. They also urged Venezuela's military to support opposition leader Juan Guaido as interim president and "not to impede the entry and transit of humanitarian assistance to Venezuelans.

The Lima Group of Latin American countries and Canada called Monday for a peaceful change in government in Venezuela, without military intervention. They also urged Venezuela's military to support opposition leader Juan Guaido as interim president and "not to impede the entry and transit of humanitarian assistance to Venezuelans." Eleven of the group's 14 members said in a joint statement after meeting in Ottawa -- which saw protesters briefly disrupt a closing press conference -- that they "reiterate their support for a process of peaceful transition through political and diplomatic means without the use of force." At the same time, the group welcomed into the Lima Group Guaido's "legitimate government of Venezuela" and vowed to "recognize and work with" his representatives in their respective countries. Also read: Russia slams European 'interference' in Venezuela At a closing press conference, host Chrystia Freeland, Canada's foreign minister, said 34 countries have so far recognized Guaido as Venezuela's interim leader until new elections are held. She pressed the entire international community to join them, and to also freeze the assets of President Nicolas Maduro's "dictatorial regime." Those monies should be placed in the hands of the transition government, she said. Pressed about possible military intervention in Venezuela, Freeland was unequivocal -- it is not an option. Also read: UK, France, Germany recognise Venezuela opposition leader Guaido as acting president "This is a process led by the people of Venezuela in their very brave quest to return their country themselves to democracy in accordance with their own constitution," she said. Peru's Foreign Minister Nestor Popolizio echoed those comments, saying: "We would not consider the use of force." Two women using press credentials to access the event briefly interrupted, unfurling a banner and chanting "Hands off Venezuela" before being escorted away by security. Freeland smiled and remarked that protesting was a right guaranteed by the constitution in Canada, one that "I am sad to say political protesters in Venezuela do not (have)." Earlier, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau pledged Can$53 million ($40 million US) in humanitarian aid for Venezuelans amid the deepening crisis. The bulk of the funds is set to go to "trusted partners" and neighbouring countries to help them support three million refugees that have fled Venezuela, he said. 'Very close' to reclaiming freedom Guaido has accused the military -- controlled by President Nicolas Maduro -- of planning to divert international humanitarian aid headed for the crisis-torn country. "We have received information, from the circle close to the high command, who are no longer evaluating if they let it enter or not, but how they will steal it from us," Guaido told reporters in Caracas. "They are going to hijack it to distribute it through the CLAP," he alleged, referring to the socialist government's program to distribute subsidized food boxes to its supporters. US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and European Union deputy diplomatic chief Helga Schmid also participated by videoconference in the Lima Group talks. Guaido, who heads the opposition-controlled National Assembly, addressed the gathering in a video message, saying he looked forward to having "free and fair elections as soon as possible in order to restore democracy to Venezuela." Venezuelans are "very close to reclaiming their freedom," he said. The next Lima Group meeting is due to be hosted by Colombia. Emergency talks at the headquarters of the Organization of American States in Washington will also be held on February 14 to help deliver aid to the country's population facing major shortages of food and medicine.

Lima Group, Canada call for peaceful change without military intervention in Venezuela government

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau spoke Sunday with Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido, praising the "courage and leadership" of the national assembly head whom Ottawa recognizes as interim president, according to a statement.

The phone call comes a day before a meeting of the 14-nation Lima Group -- made up of Canada and Latin American countries -- &nbsp;in Ottawa. Eleven of its members have recognized Guaido.&nbsp;

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906">Will </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906">not</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906"> cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections</a>

"The two leaders discussed the importance of the international community sending a clear message regarding the illegitimacy of the Maduro regime and the need to respect the Venezuelan Constitution," a readout of the call from Trudeau's office said.

"Both underscored the importance that free and fair Presidential elections be held. &nbsp;The Prime Minister commended Juan Guaido for his courage and leadership in helping to return democracy to Venezuela and offered Canada's continued support."

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/you-will-stain-the-presidency-with-blood-venezuelas-maduro-to-trump-194921">You will stain the presidency with blood: Venezuela's Maduro to Trump</a>

Trudeau added that the Lima Group meeting "will consider how the international community can further support the people of Venezuela, including through immediate humanitarian assistance."

Venezuela is in the midst of a power struggle that began on January 21 when a group of soldiers took control of a command post north of Caracas and released a video rejecting the legitimacy of President Nicolas Maduro, who won a second term last May in elections deemed fraudulent by the opposition and many the international community.

Two days later, Guaido stunned the world by proclaiming himself "acting president," pledging a transitional government and free elections.

The opposition's support has been stoked by the parlous state of the economy. Venezuela, once the richest country in Latin America thanks to its oil revenues, is facing severe shortages of food and medicine, as well as runaway inflation.

In addition to Canada, the United States, France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal and Britain and many Latin American countries, including Colombia and Brazil, have declared support for Guaido.&nbsp;

On the other hand, Russia, China, Turkey and Iran support their ally, Maduro.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau spoke Sunday with Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido, praising the "courage and leadership" of the national assembly head whom Ottawa recognizes as interim president, according to a statement.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau spoke Sunday with Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido, praising the "courage and leadership" of the national assembly head whom Ottawa recognizes as interim president, according to a statement. The phone call comes a day before a meeting of the 14-nation Lima Group -- made up of Canada and Latin American countries -- in Ottawa. Eleven of its members have recognized Guaido. Also read: Will not cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections "The two leaders discussed the importance of the international community sending a clear message regarding the illegitimacy of the Maduro regime and the need to respect the Venezuelan Constitution," a readout of the call from Trudeau's office said. "Both underscored the importance that free and fair Presidential elections be held. The Prime Minister commended Juan Guaido for his courage and leadership in helping to return democracy to Venezuela and offered Canada's continued support." Also read: You will stain the presidency with blood: Venezuela's Maduro to Trump Trudeau added that the Lima Group meeting "will consider how the international community can further support the people of Venezuela, including through immediate humanitarian assistance." Venezuela is in the midst of a power struggle that began on January 21 when a group of soldiers took control of a command post north of Caracas and released a video rejecting the legitimacy of President Nicolas Maduro, who won a second term last May in elections deemed fraudulent by the opposition and many the international community. Two days later, Guaido stunned the world by proclaiming himself "acting president," pledging a transitional government and free elections. The opposition's support has been stoked by the parlous state of the economy. Venezuela, once the richest country in Latin America thanks to its oil revenues, is facing severe shortages of food and medicine, as well as runaway inflation. In addition to Canada, the United States, France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal and Britain and many Latin American countries, including Colombia and Brazil, have declared support for Guaido. On the other hand, Russia, China, Turkey and Iran support their ally, Maduro.

Trudeau speaks with Venezuela's Guaido, praises 'courage and leadership'

With hours to go until the deadline passes for Nicolas Maduro to call early elections in Venezuela, ousted President warned <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/guaido-being-targeted-by-venezuelas-supreme-court-trump-193904">Donald Trump </a>of a civil war if he continues to insist on overthrowing him.

Speaking in an interview with Spanish TV show 'Salvados' which broadcast on Sunday, Nicolas Maduro said, "You (Donald Trump) are making mistakes that are going to stain your hands with blood!"

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906">Will </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906">not</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906"> cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections</a>

"Stop! Stop! Donald Trump! You are making mistakes that are going to stain your hands with blood! And you are going to leave the presidency stained with blood," Maduro said.

While urging to respect each other, Maduro also said, "Bolivarians have the capacity of dialogue and understanding."

"Stop! Bolivarians have the capacity of dialogue and understanding. Let's respect each other. Or is it that you are going to repeat a Vietnam in Latin America? That's what I would say and repeat to him."

Venezuela President legitimacy has been in the crisis since January after <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-opposition-leader-juan-guaido-says-family-threatened-by-maduro-agents-194183">opposition leader Juan </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-opposition-leader-juan-guaido-says-family-threatened-by-maduro-agents-194183">Guiado</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-opposition-leader-juan-guaido-says-family-threatened-by-maduro-agents-194183"> </a>declared himself as an acting President. He also called the incumbent Nicolas Maduro's 2018 reelections invalid and the body that elevated him.

The crisis has sparked mass protest in the country with thousands of people demonstrating against Maduro.

However, Maduro's government says, the current crisis is a coup attempt led by the United States to topple him and control the country's vast oil reserves.

On Sunday Donald Trump said that sending the military to Venezuela was "an option" and that he had turned down President Nicolas Maduro's request for a meeting.

"Certainly, it's something that's on the - it's an option," Trump said in an interview with CBS to be broadcast on Sunday.

Trump said Maduro requested a meeting months ago and he turned down the Venezuela leader.

"I've turned it down because we're very far along in the process," he said in excerpts from a CBS "Face the Nation" interview.&nbsp;

Maduro also rejected the ultimatums he had been given by several European countries to call early elections, saying that he will not cave in to pressure.

"They are trying to corner us with ultimatums to force us into an extreme situation of confrontation," Maduro said.

Seven EU states had given Maduro a Sunday deadline to call snap presidential elections or see them recognize Guaido as interim president.

Maduro also called on Guaido to have a face to face conversation with him.

"He (Juan Guaido) should stop the strategy of the coup and stop simulating a presidency in which nobody elected him. And that if he wants to contribute to anything, to sit at a table to have a face to face conversation, direct. Let's talk, talk about the problems of the country and the solutions. Politics is not a child's game. Politics, at government levels and states, demands a lot of responsibility and sensibility. A lot of responsibility," Maduro said.

(With inputs from news agencies)

With hours to go until the deadline passes for Nicolas Maduro to call early elections in Venezuela, ousted President warned Donald Trump of a civil war if he continues to insist on overthrowing him.

With hours to go until the deadline passes for Nicolas Maduro to call early elections in Venezuela, ousted President warned Donald Trump of a civil war if he continues to insist on overthrowing him. Speaking in an interview with Spanish TV show 'Salvados' which broadcast on Sunday, Nicolas Maduro said, "You (Donald Trump) are making mistakes that are going to stain your hands with blood!" Also read: Will not cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections "Stop! Stop! Donald Trump! You are making mistakes that are going to stain your hands with blood! And you are going to leave the presidency stained with blood," Maduro said. While urging to respect each other, Maduro also said, "Bolivarians have the capacity of dialogue and understanding." "Stop! Bolivarians have the capacity of dialogue and understanding. Let's respect each other. Or is it that you are going to repeat a Vietnam in Latin America? That's what I would say and repeat to him." Venezuela President legitimacy has been in the crisis since January after opposition leader Juan Guiado declared himself as an acting President. He also called the incumbent Nicolas Maduro's 2018 reelections invalid and the body that elevated him. The crisis has sparked mass protest in the country with thousands of people demonstrating against Maduro. However, Maduro's government says, the current crisis is a coup attempt led by the United States to topple him and control the country's vast oil reserves. On Sunday Donald Trump said that sending the military to Venezuela was "an option" and that he had turned down President Nicolas Maduro's request for a meeting. "Certainly, it's something that's on the - it's an option," Trump said in an interview with CBS to be broadcast on Sunday. Trump said Maduro requested a meeting months ago and he turned down the Venezuela leader. "I've turned it down because we're very far along in the process," he said in excerpts from a CBS "Face the Nation" interview. Maduro also rejected the ultimatums he had been given by several European countries to call early elections, saying that he will not cave in to pressure. "They are trying to corner us with ultimatums to force us into an extreme situation of confrontation," Maduro said. Seven EU states had given Maduro a Sunday deadline to call snap presidential elections or see them recognize Guaido as interim president. Maduro also called on Guaido to have a face to face conversation with him. "He (Juan Guaido) should stop the strategy of the coup and stop simulating a presidency in which nobody elected him. And that if he wants to contribute to anything, to sit at a table to have a face to face conversation, direct. Let's talk, talk about the problems of the country and the solutions. Politics is not a child's game. Politics, at government levels and states, demands a lot of responsibility and sensibility. A lot of responsibility," Maduro said. (With inputs from news agencies)

You will stain the presidency with blood: Venezuela's Maduro to Trump

Venezuela's President <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-as-thousands-of-guaido-supporters-hit-streets-nicolas-maduro-calls-for-early-parliamentary-elections-194664">Nicolas Maduro</a> flatly rejected Sunday a call by European countries to call snap elections after opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself the Latin American country's interim leader.

Maduro said in an interview with Spanish television station Sexta that he would not "cave in to pressure" from those calling for his departure.

"They are trying to corner us with ultimatums to force us into an extreme situation of confrontation," Maduro said.

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/turkey-says-countries-supporting-guaido-fuel-venezuela-crisis-194836">Turkey says countries supporting Guaido fuel Venezuela crisis</a>

Seven EU states had given Maduro a Sunday deadline to call snap presidential elections or see them recognize Guaido as interim president.

Guaido, already recognized by the <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-says-sending-military-to-venezuela-an-option-cbs-194884">United States</a>, Canada, Australia and several Latin American countries, said Sunday he would lobby the European Union for badly-needed humanitarian aid to a nation wracked by economic crisis.

"We are going to exercise our powers to deal with the crisis, restore democracy and achieve freedom," the 35-year-old National Assembly leader said on Twitter.

Guaido was also expected to announce a date for the arrival of humanitarian aid from the US -- a path President Maduro believes will lead to a US-led military intervention.

Guaido says up to 300,000 people are "at risk of death" in <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/eu-latam-contact-group-on-venezuela-to-meet-on-december-7-194869">Venezuela</a> for want of humanitarian aid.

In Washington, US President Donald Trump warned that military intervention remains "an option" for dealing with the crisis in oil-rich but impoverished Venezuela.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau meanwhile held a phone call Sunday with Guaido, commending him for his "courage and leadership" and underscoring his call for fresh elections, according to a statement.

Earlier Sunday, Maduro addressed troops on military exercises in Venezuela's coastal northeast, calling on them for "maximum cohesion" a day after a top Air Force general publicly sided with Guaido.

The opposition "want to deliver the country in pieces to the gringo empire and the local oligarchies," Maduro told the soldiers.

Deadline looming

The US recognized Guaido as Venezuela's interim president on January 23 while seven European nations, including Britain, France, Germany and Spain, have said they will do likewise unless Maduro calls presidential elections.

Austria was the latest to join the group. Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz announced the decision to back the ultimatum in a tweet on Sunday.

France warned Maduro of the approaching deadline and that it was preparing to recognize Guaido.

"If between now and this evening Mr Maduro does not commit to organizing presidential elections, we will consider that Mr Guaido is legitimate to organize them in his place," France's European Affairs Minister Nathalie Loiseau told French media on Sunday.

'Let's have elections'

Tens of thousands of people turned out Saturday for competing shows of support for Guaido, who stunned the world 11 days ago by declaring himself "acting president," and for Maduro who was sworn in on January 10 to a disputed second six-year term.

During the protest, Guaido announced the installation of collection centers for medicine and food -- items lacking in Venezuela -- in neighbouring Colombia and Brazil.

Speaking at a pro-regime demonstration marking 20 years since his predecessor Hugo Chavez came to power, Maduro ignored international demands for a new ballot and instead reiterated his call to bring forward legislative elections slated for the end of 2020 to this year.&nbsp;

"They want to bring forward elections, let's have elections," he said.

Maduro, making his first appearance at a rally since a military parade in August when he claimed to have been targeted in an attempted assassination, accused Guaido of being a US "puppet" in a coup d'etat attempt.

Under Maduro's stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has lurched into an economic crisis that has left the country suffering from hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine.

But he refuses to let aid into the country. At his rally on Saturday, he called the opposition "imperialist beggars," claiming a US pledge to deliver $20 million in aid would precede military intervention.

'Decisive'

Guaido also called for a new demonstration on February 12, and another protest to push for the entry of aid.

Speaking at the European Union's headquarters in the east of the capital, he said this month "should be decisive."

All eyes are on the military, which has so far been Maduro's main pillar of support, but there have been signs of unrest in the ranks.

On January 21, a group of 27 soldiers rose up against Maduro in Caracas. Although that was quickly suppressed, it helped spark a week of protests in which 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces, with hundreds more arrested, according to the United Nations.

European and Latin American states have formed a "Contact Group" giving themselves 90 days to resolve the crisis. They will meet in the Uruguayan capital Montevideo next Thursday, the EU said.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, the 14-nation Lima Group -- made up of Canada and Latin American countries -- meets in Ottawa on Monday. Eleven of its members have recognized Guaido.

Guaido moved to expand his international support by reassuring China -- Venezuela's main creditor and a long-time ally of the socialist regime -- that he would honour bilateral agreements if successful in ousting Maduro.

Another key ally, Russia, hit out Sunday against "destructive outside interference" in Venezuela's problems.

Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro flatly rejected Sunday a call by European countries to call snap elections after opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself the Latin American country's interim leader.

Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro flatly rejected Sunday a call by European countries to call snap elections after opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself the Latin American country's interim leader. Maduro said in an interview with Spanish television station Sexta that he would not "cave in to pressure" from those calling for his departure. "They are trying to corner us with ultimatums to force us into an extreme situation of confrontation," Maduro said. Also read: Turkey says countries supporting Guaido fuel Venezuela crisis Seven EU states had given Maduro a Sunday deadline to call snap presidential elections or see them recognize Guaido as interim president. Guaido, already recognized by the United States, Canada, Australia and several Latin American countries, said Sunday he would lobby the European Union for badly-needed humanitarian aid to a nation wracked by economic crisis. "We are going to exercise our powers to deal with the crisis, restore democracy and achieve freedom," the 35-year-old National Assembly leader said on Twitter. Guaido was also expected to announce a date for the arrival of humanitarian aid from the US -- a path President Maduro believes will lead to a US-led military intervention. Guaido says up to 300,000 people are "at risk of death" in Venezuela for want of humanitarian aid. In Washington, US President Donald Trump warned that military intervention remains "an option" for dealing with the crisis in oil-rich but impoverished Venezuela. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau meanwhile held a phone call Sunday with Guaido, commending him for his "courage and leadership" and underscoring his call for fresh elections, according to a statement. Earlier Sunday, Maduro addressed troops on military exercises in Venezuela's coastal northeast, calling on them for "maximum cohesion" a day after a top Air Force general publicly sided with Guaido. The opposition "want to deliver the country in pieces to the gringo empire and the local oligarchies," Maduro told the soldiers. Deadline looming The US recognized Guaido as Venezuela's interim president on January 23 while seven European nations, including Britain, France, Germany and Spain, have said they will do likewise unless Maduro calls presidential elections. Austria was the latest to join the group. Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz announced the decision to back the ultimatum in a tweet on Sunday. France warned Maduro of the approaching deadline and that it was preparing to recognize Guaido. "If between now and this evening Mr Maduro does not commit to organizing presidential elections, we will consider that Mr Guaido is legitimate to organize them in his place," France's European Affairs Minister Nathalie Loiseau told French media on Sunday. 'Let's have elections' Tens of thousands of people turned out Saturday for competing shows of support for Guaido, who stunned the world 11 days ago by declaring himself "acting president," and for Maduro who was sworn in on January 10 to a disputed second six-year term. During the protest, Guaido announced the installation of collection centers for medicine and food -- items lacking in Venezuela -- in neighbouring Colombia and Brazil. Speaking at a pro-regime demonstration marking 20 years since his predecessor Hugo Chavez came to power, Maduro ignored international demands for a new ballot and instead reiterated his call to bring forward legislative elections slated for the end of 2020 to this year. "They want to bring forward elections, let's have elections," he said. Maduro, making his first appearance at a rally since a military parade in August when he claimed to have been targeted in an attempted assassination, accused Guaido of being a US "puppet" in a coup d'etat attempt. Under Maduro's stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has lurched into an economic crisis that has left the country suffering from hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine. But he refuses to let aid into the country. At his rally on Saturday, he called the opposition "imperialist beggars," claiming a US pledge to deliver $20 million in aid would precede military intervention. 'Decisive' Guaido also called for a new demonstration on February 12, and another protest to push for the entry of aid. Speaking at the European Union's headquarters in the east of the capital, he said this month "should be decisive." All eyes are on the military, which has so far been Maduro's main pillar of support, but there have been signs of unrest in the ranks. On January 21, a group of 27 soldiers rose up against Maduro in Caracas. Although that was quickly suppressed, it helped spark a week of protests in which 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces, with hundreds more arrested, according to the United Nations. European and Latin American states have formed a "Contact Group" giving themselves 90 days to resolve the crisis. They will meet in the Uruguayan capital Montevideo next Thursday, the EU said. Meanwhile, the 14-nation Lima Group -- made up of Canada and Latin American countries -- meets in Ottawa on Monday. Eleven of its members have recognized Guaido. Guaido moved to expand his international support by reassuring China -- Venezuela's main creditor and a long-time ally of the socialist regime -- that he would honour bilateral agreements if successful in ousting Maduro. Another key ally, Russia, hit out Sunday against "destructive outside interference" in Venezuela's problems.

Venezuela: Will not cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections

Opposition leader <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelan-air-force-general-yanez-declares-allegiance-to-juan-guaido-source-194632">Juan </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelan-air-force-general-yanez-declares-allegiance-to-juan-guaido-source-194632">Guaido</a> called for more street protests as tens of thousands of his supporters rallied in Venezuela on Saturday while Socialist leader Nicolas Maduro resisted pressure to call a new presidential election.

Self-declared acting president Guaido, 35, had called Saturday's protest to ramp up the pressure on Maduro to step down.

He received a boost before it began when an air force general became the highest-ranking officer to abandon Maduro and recognize the National Assembly head as the country's true leader.

Also read:<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-courts-russia-powers-divided-on-maduro-194491"> </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-courts-russia-powers-divided-on-maduro-194491">Venezuela's opposition leader Guaido courts Russia, China; powers divided on Maduro</a>

United States National Security Advisor John Bolton responded to that in a tweet calling on "all military members to follow General (Francisco) Yanez's lead."

The US recognized Guaido as Venezuela's interim president 10 days ago while four major European nations -- Britain, France, Germany and Spain -- have said they will do likewise unless Maduro calls presidential elections by midnight on Sunday.

'Let's have elections'

Speaking at a pro-regime demonstration marking 20 years since his predecessor Hugo Chavez came to power, Maduro ignored those demands and instead reiterated his call to bring forward parliamentary elections slated for the end of 2020 to this year.

"They (the opposition) want to bring forward elections, let's have elections," he said in a reference to the opposition.

Maduro, making his first public appearance since claiming to have survived an assassination attempt six months ago, accused Guaido of being a US "puppet" in a coup d'etat attempt.

The National Assembly is the only one of Venezuela's five government branches controlled by the opposition.

Guaido had earlier urged the armed forces to allow into the country humanitarian aid that would be gathered in Colombia, Brazil and a Caribbean Island.

"You, soldier... have the decision in your hands" to allow it in or not, said Guaido.

Under Maduro's stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has lurched into an economic crisis that has left the country with hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine.

Maduro refuses to let aid into the country, claiming it would precede a US-led military intervention.

"We've never been nor are a country of beggars," he told thousands of his supporters in the heart of Caracas.

"There are some people who feel like beggars to imperialism and sell their homeland for $20 million," he added, referring to the amount of food and medicine aid offered by the US.

'Decisive'

Guaido called for a new demonstration on February 12 and said there would be yet another one related to the humanitarian aid.

Speaking at the European Union's headquarters in the east of the capital, he said this month "should be decisive."

The rival Caracas rallies, separated by 10 kilometres (six miles), attracted huge crowds.

Banners at the opposition rally read: "Get out dictator" and "Maduro usurper."

At the pro-Maduro demonstration, one said: "Go to hell, shitty Yankees."

Early on Saturday, General Yanez said in a social media video that he disavowed Maduro's "dictatorial" authority and recognized Guaido as the acting president.

The air force high command strategic planning director said, "90 per cent of the armed forces don't support the dictator."

His defection is "a hard blow" to Maduro, said Rocio San Miguel, an expert on the Venezuelan military.

The Venezuelan air force posted a picture of Yanez on its Twitter account tagged with the word "traitor."

The military and security forces have so far been Maduro's main pillar of support, but there have been signs of unrest in the ranks.

On January 21, a group of 27 soldiers rose up against Maduro in Caracas, although that was quickly suppressed.

It helped spark a week of protests in which 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces, with hundreds more arrested.

Guaido, who has offered amnesty to members of the military that abandon Maduro, acknowledges that he needs its support.

International pressure

The challenge to Maduro is his most serious yet, with the US leading the campaign to drive him from office.

"Maduro's tyranny must end and must end now," US Vice President Mike Pence told a rally of exiled Venezuelans in Miami on Friday.

Guaido moved to expand his international support by reassuring China -- Venezuela's main creditor and a long-time ally of the socialist regime -- that he would honour bilateral agreements if successful in ousting Maduro.

China, like Russia, has denounced outside interference in Venezuela.

Guaido told the South China Morning Post he would not disrupt the relationship with China despite his close ties to Washington.

"China's support will be very important in boosting our country's economy and future development," he said in an email interview.

China's foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said cooperation between the countries would continue "no matter how the situation changes" in Venezuela.

Opposition leader Juan Guaido called for more street protests as tens of thousands of his supporters rallied in Venezuela on Saturday while Socialist leader Nicolas Maduro resisted pressure to call a new presidential election.

Opposition leader Juan Guaido called for more street protests as tens of thousands of his supporters rallied in Venezuela on Saturday while Socialist leader Nicolas Maduro resisted pressure to call a new presidential election. Self-declared acting president Guaido, 35, had called Saturday's protest to ramp up the pressure on Maduro to step down. He received a boost before it began when an air force general became the highest-ranking officer to abandon Maduro and recognize the National Assembly head as the country's true leader. Also read: Venezuela's opposition leader Guaido courts Russia, China; powers divided on Maduro United States National Security Advisor John Bolton responded to that in a tweet calling on "all military members to follow General (Francisco) Yanez's lead." The US recognized Guaido as Venezuela's interim president 10 days ago while four major European nations -- Britain, France, Germany and Spain -- have said they will do likewise unless Maduro calls presidential elections by midnight on Sunday. 'Let's have elections' Speaking at a pro-regime demonstration marking 20 years since his predecessor Hugo Chavez came to power, Maduro ignored those demands and instead reiterated his call to bring forward parliamentary elections slated for the end of 2020 to this year. "They (the opposition) want to bring forward elections, let's have elections," he said in a reference to the opposition. Maduro, making his first public appearance since claiming to have survived an assassination attempt six months ago, accused Guaido of being a US "puppet" in a coup d'etat attempt. The National Assembly is the only one of Venezuela's five government branches controlled by the opposition. Guaido had earlier urged the armed forces to allow into the country humanitarian aid that would be gathered in Colombia, Brazil and a Caribbean Island. "You, soldier... have the decision in your hands" to allow it in or not, said Guaido. Under Maduro's stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has lurched into an economic crisis that has left the country with hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine. Maduro refuses to let aid into the country, claiming it would precede a US-led military intervention. "We've never been nor are a country of beggars," he told thousands of his supporters in the heart of Caracas. "There are some people who feel like beggars to imperialism and sell their homeland for $20 million," he added, referring to the amount of food and medicine aid offered by the US. 'Decisive' Guaido called for a new demonstration on February 12 and said there would be yet another one related to the humanitarian aid. Speaking at the European Union's headquarters in the east of the capital, he said this month "should be decisive." The rival Caracas rallies, separated by 10 kilometres (six miles), attracted huge crowds. Banners at the opposition rally read: "Get out dictator" and "Maduro usurper." At the pro-Maduro demonstration, one said: "Go to hell, shitty Yankees." Early on Saturday, General Yanez said in a social media video that he disavowed Maduro's "dictatorial" authority and recognized Guaido as the acting president. The air force high command strategic planning director said, "90 per cent of the armed forces don't support the dictator." His defection is "a hard blow" to Maduro, said Rocio San Miguel, an expert on the Venezuelan military. The Venezuelan air force posted a picture of Yanez on its Twitter account tagged with the word "traitor." The military and security forces have so far been Maduro's main pillar of support, but there have been signs of unrest in the ranks. On January 21, a group of 27 soldiers rose up against Maduro in Caracas, although that was quickly suppressed. It helped spark a week of protests in which 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces, with hundreds more arrested. Guaido, who has offered amnesty to members of the military that abandon Maduro, acknowledges that he needs its support. International pressure The challenge to Maduro is his most serious yet, with the US leading the campaign to drive him from office. "Maduro's tyranny must end and must end now," US Vice President Mike Pence told a rally of exiled Venezuelans in Miami on Friday. Guaido moved to expand his international support by reassuring China -- Venezuela's main creditor and a long-time ally of the socialist regime -- that he would honour bilateral agreements if successful in ousting Maduro. China, like Russia, has denounced outside interference in Venezuela. Guaido told the South China Morning Post he would not disrupt the relationship with China despite his close ties to Washington. "China's support will be very important in boosting our country's economy and future development," he said in an email interview. China's foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said cooperation between the countries would continue "no matter how the situation changes" in Venezuela.

Venezuela: Maduro calls for early elections as thousands of Guaido supporters hit streets

There are times when one is constrained to divert one’s gaze from proximate neighbourhood towards distant regions-home to countries that are closely tied to our national interest.&nbsp;

Recent political upheaval in Venezuela deserves more serious attention than it has received. Many Indians are not even aware of the fact that India is the third largest importer of Venezuelan oil after the US and China. It has assumed even greater significance in our energy security calculations after the US has imposed sanctions on it in the wake of the dramatic political coup that has taken place in Caracas. Many Indians have much too hastily started celebrating thinking that the US sanctions will create a glut in the market and Venezuela will be forced to sell its oil at reduced prices and against rupees. The issue is far more complex.&nbsp;

First of all, there is no reason to believe that the US shall not threaten countries that continue to deal with Venezuela with secondary sanctions like they did in the case of Iran. This would leave India on the wrong foot, and once again at the mercy of POTUS Trump to avail of some respite.&nbsp;

We have in recent years allowed our ‘special’ strategic relationship with the US to dominate our relationship with countries we import oil from. Those who think that the cut imposed on oil imports from besieged Iran would be compensated by additional imports from Venezuela are not being realistic at all.&nbsp; 
 
Then there is the ‘Chinese Complication’. Venezuelans can’t be expected to give priority to India over their number two buyer. China is not going to be deterred by US bullying in pursuit of its energy security. Trump has declared a trade war against China but it has refused to blink. It is confident that the US companies and consumers feeling the pinch harder will persuade their government to reconsider its policy. (Ironically, support for Trump hasn’t registered a sharp decline so and there has been no explosive deterioration as some analysts had predicted.)

The arrest of the daughter of the founder of Huewei, herself one of the highest place company executives, in Canada enraged the Chinese enough to retaliate swiftly by arresting a former Canadian diplomat and announcing that it will not commute the death sentence awarded to a Canadian national into imprisonment for life.&nbsp;

India would do well to remember that the US shall continue to tread more cautiously where China is concerned. It realises that India, always willing to please the new found Super Power ‘Friend’ will do its bidding without overt arm twisting.&nbsp;

It is in the larger geopolitical context that we should consider recent Chinese statement that there should be no double standards in case of admission to new members to the Nuclear Fuel Suppliers Group. This cartel has 48 members and only China’s stubborn resistance has blocked India’s entry. China would like its longtime ally and protege to be treated at par with India. There should be no need to point out that Pakistan has acquired nuclear weapons through piracy flouting the non-proliferation regime while India has behaved as a responsible nuclear weapon state ever since its Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (Implosion) in Pokhran.

Our much hyped special relationship with the US rests on the cornerstone of agreement on peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Not much progress has been made since the UPA years towards the realisation of rapid economic development through clean energy. Neither new found friend (US) nor time tested ally (Russia) has exerted enough to remove the Chinese obstacle. This issue too is entwined with our energy security. 
 
Only China and Russia along with Cuba and a handful of socialist countries have condemned US recognition of what many see as usurper propped up by the US-driven compulsive to change regimes. How long are we going to let others choose or friends and foes is the question.

China is next door and Venezuela very far across oceans but both of them underline the same dilemma.&nbsp; 
 
(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

&nbsp; &nbsp;

There are times when one is constrained to divert one’s gaze from proximate neighbourhood towards distant regions-home to countries that are closely tied to our national interest.

There are times when one is constrained to divert one’s gaze from proximate neighbourhood towards distant regions-home to countries that are closely tied to our national interest. Recent political upheaval in Venezuela deserves more serious attention than it has received. Many Indians are not even aware of the fact that India is the third largest importer of Venezuelan oil after the US and China. It has assumed even greater significance in our energy security calculations after the US has imposed sanctions on it in the wake of the dramatic political coup that has taken place in Caracas. Many Indians have much too hastily started celebrating thinking that the US sanctions will create a glut in the market and Venezuela will be forced to sell its oil at reduced prices and against rupees. The issue is far more complex. First of all, there is no reason to believe that the US shall not threaten countries that continue to deal with Venezuela with secondary sanctions like they did in the case of Iran. This would leave India on the wrong foot, and once again at the mercy of POTUS Trump to avail of some respite. We have in recent years allowed our ‘special’ strategic relationship with the US to dominate our relationship with countries we import oil from. Those who think that the cut imposed on oil imports from besieged Iran would be compensated by additional imports from Venezuela are not being realistic at all. Then there is the ‘Chinese Complication’. Venezuelans can’t be expected to give priority to India over their number two buyer. China is not going to be deterred by US bullying in pursuit of its energy security. Trump has declared a trade war against China but it has refused to blink. It is confident that the US companies and consumers feeling the pinch harder will persuade their government to reconsider its policy. (Ironically, support for Trump hasn’t registered a sharp decline so and there has been no explosive deterioration as some analysts had predicted.) The arrest of the daughter of the founder of Huewei, herself one of the highest place company executives, in Canada enraged the Chinese enough to retaliate swiftly by arresting a former Canadian diplomat and announcing that it will not commute the death sentence awarded to a Canadian national into imprisonment for life. India would do well to remember that the US shall continue to tread more cautiously where China is concerned. It realises that India, always willing to please the new found Super Power ‘Friend’ will do its bidding without overt arm twisting. It is in the larger geopolitical context that we should consider recent Chinese statement that there should be no double standards in case of admission to new members to the Nuclear Fuel Suppliers Group. This cartel has 48 members and only China’s stubborn resistance has blocked India’s entry. China would like its longtime ally and protege to be treated at par with India. There should be no need to point out that Pakistan has acquired nuclear weapons through piracy flouting the non-proliferation regime while India has behaved as a responsible nuclear weapon state ever since its Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (Implosion) in Pokhran. Our much hyped special relationship with the US rests on the cornerstone of agreement on peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Not much progress has been made since the UPA years towards the realisation of rapid economic development through clean energy. Neither new found friend (US) nor time tested ally (Russia) has exerted enough to remove the Chinese obstacle. This issue too is entwined with our energy security. Only China and Russia along with Cuba and a handful of socialist countries have condemned US recognition of what many see as usurper propped up by the US-driven compulsive to change regimes. How long are we going to let others choose or friends and foes is the question. China is next door and Venezuela very far across oceans but both of them underline the same dilemma. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

India should be wary of the US-sponsored crisis in Venezuela

Venezuela's opposition leader Juan Guaido said Thursday elite security forces had entered his home to threaten his family, blaming the government of Nicolas Maduro as <a href="http://wioenws.com/americas/venezuela-protests-a-fight-for-freedom-donald-trump-193961">international support grew</a> for his bid to oust the embattled president.

The move heightened fears for the security of the 35-year-old National Assembly leader, who declared himself acting president last week in a direct challenge to Maduro's authority.

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/who-represents-venezuela-un-international-lenders-stuck-in-limbo-193988">Who represents Venezuela? UN, international lenders stuck in limbo</a>

The police's special action force, FAES, had visited his home to interview his wife Fabiana Rosales, Guaido told his audience during a speech at Caracas university.

"The FAES is at my house, asking for Fabiana. At this moment the dictatorship believes that it will intimidate us," a confident Guaido said, his wife at his side.

Several opposition leaders have been jailed in recent years as Maduro cracked down on growing dissent in the Latin American country.

Earlier, European lawmakers recognized Guaido as the acting head of state -- another step forward in his bid to force out the socialist leader who has presided over the oil-rich country's economic collapse.

While marshaling international support, Guaido is seeking to maintain street pressure against Maduro at home, where he has called more mass protests for Saturday -- keeping him firmly in the government's crosshairs.&nbsp;

Venezuela's Supreme Court -- dominated by regime loyalists -- have frozen his assets and ordered him not to leave the country.

EU lawmakers' support

On Thursday, lawmakers at the Brussels-based European Parliament voted to accept Guaido as "legitimate interim president of the country" -- and urged the European Union to follow suit.

Four major European powers -- Britain, France, Germany and Spain -- have said they would do so if Maduro fails to call fresh presidential elections by the weekend. The US on Thursday urged all European countries to recognize Guaido.

"If imperialists want new elections, let them wait until 2025," a defiant Maduro said in an interview with Russia's RIA Novosti agency on Wednesday.

Guaido was at the main Caracas university to present his "rescue plan" for a country mired in economic meltdown, with basic goods and services scarce.

"We are going to address the humanitarian emergency, stop inflation in its tracks, reactivate the oil industry and move towards the restoration of access to public goods and services," he said to cheers from the audience.

Part of the plan unveiled by the opposition leader and his economic advisor Jose Guerra is to end exchange controls in force since 2003 and renegotiate Venezuela's estimated $150 billion debt.

With his wife at his side on the podium, Guaido said he had a 20-month old daughter at home and would be holding FAES accountable for "whatever they do to my baby."

"The objective is obvious... I tell these officials, do not cross the red line," he said.

The United States, which immediately recognized Guaido along with a dozen Latin American countries, has warned Maduro of "serious consequences" if he targets opponents.&nbsp;

Organization of American States chief Luis Almagro denounced the "intimidation" of Guaido.&nbsp;

On the streets

The university speech came one day after thousands of people led by Guaido took to the streets in Caracas and various other cities, banging pots, blowing whistles and horns, and carrying banners that read: "Armed forces, regain your dignity" and "Maduro usurper."

The two-hour strike was called to press demands "that the armed forces side with the people" -- which Guaido himself said is "crucial to enabling a change in government."

Maduro supporters have matched the protests with counter-demonstrations.

Guaido wrote in a New York Times op-ed published on Wednesday that "clandestine meetings" had been held with members of the armed forces and security forces.&nbsp;

"The majority of those in service agree that the country's recent travails are untenable," he wrote.

But his moves to court the military are fraught with risk, after bloody clashes following protests last week left more than 40 people dead and 850 incarcerated.

And so far, the military high command has remained loyal to Maduro.

"Do you want a puppet of the gringos to govern Venezuela?" Maduro asked soldiers at a rally on Wednesday, referring to Guaido.

The last 10 days of political upheaval have exacerbated the general disarray in Venezuela, which has the world's largest proven oil reserves but has suffered an economic meltdown marked by hyperinflation and shortages of basic necessities.

Millions have been left in poverty, while 2.3 million more have fled the country, unleashing a migration crisis in South America.

"The conditions favor Guaido, with decisive international support headed by the United States, while the aggravated economic crisis plays into that as well," analyst Carlos Romero told AFP.

Maduro's government has meanwhile cracked down on the foreign media working in Venezuela, arresting several journalists over the last few days for working without a specialist visa.&nbsp;

Two French reporters were released Thursday. Two Chileans were earlier deported.

Venezuela's opposition leader Juan Guaido said Thursday elite security forces had entered his home to threaten his family, blaming the government of Nicolas Maduro as international support grew for his bid to oust the embattled president.

Venezuela's opposition leader Juan Guaido said Thursday elite security forces had entered his home to threaten his family, blaming the government of Nicolas Maduro as international support grew for his bid to oust the embattled president. The move heightened fears for the security of the 35-year-old National Assembly leader, who declared himself acting president last week in a direct challenge to Maduro's authority. Also read: Who represents Venezuela? UN, international lenders stuck in limbo The police's special action force, FAES, had visited his home to interview his wife Fabiana Rosales, Guaido told his audience during a speech at Caracas university. "The FAES is at my house, asking for Fabiana. At this moment the dictatorship believes that it will intimidate us," a confident Guaido said, his wife at his side. Several opposition leaders have been jailed in recent years as Maduro cracked down on growing dissent in the Latin American country. Earlier, European lawmakers recognized Guaido as the acting head of state -- another step forward in his bid to force out the socialist leader who has presided over the oil-rich country's economic collapse. While marshaling international support, Guaido is seeking to maintain street pressure against Maduro at home, where he has called more mass protests for Saturday -- keeping him firmly in the government's crosshairs. Venezuela's Supreme Court -- dominated by regime loyalists -- have frozen his assets and ordered him not to leave the country. EU lawmakers' support On Thursday, lawmakers at the Brussels-based European Parliament voted to accept Guaido as "legitimate interim president of the country" -- and urged the European Union to follow suit. Four major European powers -- Britain, France, Germany and Spain -- have said they would do so if Maduro fails to call fresh presidential elections by the weekend. The US on Thursday urged all European countries to recognize Guaido. "If imperialists want new elections, let them wait until 2025," a defiant Maduro said in an interview with Russia's RIA Novosti agency on Wednesday. Guaido was at the main Caracas university to present his "rescue plan" for a country mired in economic meltdown, with basic goods and services scarce. "We are going to address the humanitarian emergency, stop inflation in its tracks, reactivate the oil industry and move towards the restoration of access to public goods and services," he said to cheers from the audience. Part of the plan unveiled by the opposition leader and his economic advisor Jose Guerra is to end exchange controls in force since 2003 and renegotiate Venezuela's estimated $150 billion debt. With his wife at his side on the podium, Guaido said he had a 20-month old daughter at home and would be holding FAES accountable for "whatever they do to my baby." "The objective is obvious... I tell these officials, do not cross the red line," he said. The United States, which immediately recognized Guaido along with a dozen Latin American countries, has warned Maduro of "serious consequences" if he targets opponents. Organization of American States chief Luis Almagro denounced the "intimidation" of Guaido. On the streets The university speech came one day after thousands of people led by Guaido took to the streets in Caracas and various other cities, banging pots, blowing whistles and horns, and carrying banners that read: "Armed forces, regain your dignity" and "Maduro usurper." The two-hour strike was called to press demands "that the armed forces side with the people" -- which Guaido himself said is "crucial to enabling a change in government." Maduro supporters have matched the protests with counter-demonstrations. Guaido wrote in a New York Times op-ed published on Wednesday that "clandestine meetings" had been held with members of the armed forces and security forces. "The majority of those in service agree that the country's recent travails are untenable," he wrote. But his moves to court the military are fraught with risk, after bloody clashes following protests last week left more than 40 people dead and 850 incarcerated. And so far, the military high command has remained loyal to Maduro. "Do you want a puppet of the gringos to govern Venezuela?" Maduro asked soldiers at a rally on Wednesday, referring to Guaido. The last 10 days of political upheaval have exacerbated the general disarray in Venezuela, which has the world's largest proven oil reserves but has suffered an economic meltdown marked by hyperinflation and shortages of basic necessities. Millions have been left in poverty, while 2.3 million more have fled the country, unleashing a migration crisis in South America. "The conditions favor Guaido, with decisive international support headed by the United States, while the aggravated economic crisis plays into that as well," analyst Carlos Romero told AFP. Maduro's government has meanwhile cracked down on the foreign media working in Venezuela, arresting several journalists over the last few days for working without a specialist visa. Two French reporters were released Thursday. Two Chileans were earlier deported.

Venezuela opposition leader Juan Guaido says family threatened by Maduro agents

Gravitas: Maduro denounces election call, says he is ready to talk

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro oversaw a display of the army's Russian hardware on Sunday, with anti-aircraft flak and tank rounds pounding a hillside to show military force and loyalty in the face of an international ultimatum for new elections.

Maduro, 56, is confronting an unprecedented challenge to his authority after opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself interim president, citing a fraudulent election. Guaido has won wide international support and offers amnesty to soldiers who join him.

On Sunday, Israel and Australia joined the countries backing the 35-year-old leader, and <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/uss-bolton-warns-venezuela-of-significant-response-if-juan-guaido-is-threatened-193282">President Donald Trump's administration</a> said it had accepted Venezuelan opposition figure Carlos Alfredo Vecchio as the country's diplomatic representative in the United States.

Early on Sunday, alongside Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino, Maduro watched a platoon of soldiers release volleys of rocket-propelled grenades, machine-gun anti-aircraft fire and tank rounds at hillside targets, the Russian ordnance kicking up clouds of dust at the Fort of Paramacay, an armored vehicle base.

Maduro said the display showed the world he had the backing of the military and that Venezuela's armed forces were ready to defend the country. Maduro says Guaido is taking part in a coup directed by Trump's hardline policy advisers, who include Cold War veterans John Bolton and Elliott Abrams.

"Nobody respects the weak, cowards, traitors. In this world, what's respected is the brave, the courageous, power," Maduro said.

"Nobody should even think of stepping on this sacred soil. Venezuela wants peace," he said. "To guarantee peace, we have to be prepared."

From Feb. 10 to 15, the military is planning larger exercises that Maduro described as the "most important in the history of Venezuela."

The show of force was accompanied by a government publicity campaign online based on the slogan "Always Loyal, Never a Traitor," and followed a high-profile defection by the country's top military diplomat in the United States on Saturday.

The Fort of Paramacay, about two hours west of the capital, Caracas, was itself the site of an uprising in 2017, when about 20 soldiers and armed civilians attacked the base. The leader of the attack, which was quickly subdued, said he was calling for a transitional government.

Maduro on Sunday denounced an alleged conspiracy aimed at spreading rebellion in the army, saying thousands of messages were being sent to soldiers every day over WhatsApp and other social media platforms from neighboring Colombia. He later jogged with soldiers and boarded an amphibious vehicle at a navy base.

Guaido also sent a message to the military on Sunday, asking for support and ordering it not to repress civilians during an event in which supporters handed out copies of a proposed amnesty for people accused of crimes in the Maduro government.

"I order you not to shoot," he said. "I order you not to repress the people."

At a U.N. Security Council debate on Saturday, Russia and China strongly backed Maduro and rejected calls by the United States, Canada, Latin American nations and European powers for early elections.

Both Russia and China are major creditors of Venezuela. Since the government of Maduro's late mentor, Hugo Chavez, the OPEC nation has invested heavily in Russian weaponry, including Sukhoi fighter jets and heavy armor.

The strategic alliance was in evidence last year, when two Russian nuclear-capable bombers landed in Venezuela. Reuters reported on Friday that private military contractors who do secret missions for Russia flew into Venezuela to beef up security for Maduro.

NO ELECTIONS

In an interview that aired on Sunday, Maduro rejected a European ultimatum to call elections within eight days and said Guaido violated the constitution by declaring himself interim leader. He said European nations should leave Venezuela, if they so wanted.

"Fortunately, we don’t depend on Europe. And those arrogant, overbearing attitudes, looking down on us, because we are ‘sudacas,’ inferior to them," he told CNN Turk.

"The leaders of Europe are sycophants, kneeling behind the policies of Donald Trump," he said, adding he was open to dialog and that meeting Trump was improbable but not impossible.

Washington urged the world on Saturday to "pick a side" on Venezuela and financially disconnect from Maduro's government.

Bolton, the White House national security adviser, warned on Sunday against violence or the intimidation of American diplomats in Venezuela or Guaido, saying such action would trigger a response from the United States.

Venezuela has sunk into turmoil under Maduro, with food shortages and protests amid an economic and political crisis that has led millions to leave the country and with inflation seen rising to 10 million percent this year.

Britain, Germany, France and Spain all said they would recognize Guaido if Maduro failed to call new elections within eight days, an ultimatum Russia said was "absurd" and the Venezuelan foreign minister called "childlike."

The United States, Canada, most Latin American nations and many European states say Maduro stole his second-term election win last May. The former union leader cruised to victory after blocking the main opposition candidates from running. Turnout was low.

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan voiced his support for Maduro in a phone call on Thursday.

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro oversaw a display of the army's Russian hardware on Sunday, with anti-aircraft flak and tank rounds pounding a hillside to show military force and loyalty in the face of an international ultimatum for new elections.

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro oversaw a display of the army's Russian hardware on Sunday, with anti-aircraft flak and tank rounds pounding a hillside to show military force and loyalty in the face of an international ultimatum for new elections. Maduro, 56, is confronting an unprecedented challenge to his authority after opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself interim president, citing a fraudulent election. Guaido has won wide international support and offers amnesty to soldiers who join him. On Sunday, Israel and Australia joined the countries backing the 35-year-old leader, and President Donald Trump's administration said it had accepted Venezuelan opposition figure Carlos Alfredo Vecchio as the country's diplomatic representative in the United States. Early on Sunday, alongside Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino, Maduro watched a platoon of soldiers release volleys of rocket-propelled grenades, machine-gun anti-aircraft fire and tank rounds at hillside targets, the Russian ordnance kicking up clouds of dust at the Fort of Paramacay, an armored vehicle base. Maduro said the display showed the world he had the backing of the military and that Venezuela's armed forces were ready to defend the country. Maduro says Guaido is taking part in a coup directed by Trump's hardline policy advisers, who include Cold War veterans John Bolton and Elliott Abrams. "Nobody respects the weak, cowards, traitors. In this world, what's respected is the brave, the courageous, power," Maduro said. "Nobody should even think of stepping on this sacred soil. Venezuela wants peace," he said. "To guarantee peace, we have to be prepared." From Feb. 10 to 15, the military is planning larger exercises that Maduro described as the "most important in the history of Venezuela." The show of force was accompanied by a government publicity campaign online based on the slogan "Always Loyal, Never a Traitor," and followed a high-profile defection by the country's top military diplomat in the United States on Saturday. The Fort of Paramacay, about two hours west of the capital, Caracas, was itself the site of an uprising in 2017, when about 20 soldiers and armed civilians attacked the base. The leader of the attack, which was quickly subdued, said he was calling for a transitional government. Maduro on Sunday denounced an alleged conspiracy aimed at spreading rebellion in the army, saying thousands of messages were being sent to soldiers every day over WhatsApp and other social media platforms from neighboring Colombia. He later jogged with soldiers and boarded an amphibious vehicle at a navy base. Guaido also sent a message to the military on Sunday, asking for support and ordering it not to repress civilians during an event in which supporters handed out copies of a proposed amnesty for people accused of crimes in the Maduro government. "I order you not to shoot," he said. "I order you not to repress the people." At a U.N. Security Council debate on Saturday, Russia and China strongly backed Maduro and rejected calls by the United States, Canada, Latin American nations and European powers for early elections. Both Russia and China are major creditors of Venezuela. Since the government of Maduro's late mentor, Hugo Chavez, the OPEC nation has invested heavily in Russian weaponry, including Sukhoi fighter jets and heavy armor. The strategic alliance was in evidence last year, when two Russian nuclear-capable bombers landed in Venezuela. Reuters reported on Friday that private military contractors who do secret missions for Russia flew into Venezuela to beef up security for Maduro. NO ELECTIONS In an interview that aired on Sunday, Maduro rejected a European ultimatum to call elections within eight days and said Guaido violated the constitution by declaring himself interim leader. He said European nations should leave Venezuela, if they so wanted. "Fortunately, we don’t depend on Europe. And those arrogant, overbearing attitudes, looking down on us, because we are ‘sudacas,’ inferior to them," he told CNN Turk. "The leaders of Europe are sycophants, kneeling behind the policies of Donald Trump," he said, adding he was open to dialog and that meeting Trump was improbable but not impossible. Washington urged the world on Saturday to "pick a side" on Venezuela and financially disconnect from Maduro's government. Bolton, the White House national security adviser, warned on Sunday against violence or the intimidation of American diplomats in Venezuela or Guaido, saying such action would trigger a response from the United States. Venezuela has sunk into turmoil under Maduro, with food shortages and protests amid an economic and political crisis that has led millions to leave the country and with inflation seen rising to 10 million percent this year. Britain, Germany, France and Spain all said they would recognize Guaido if Maduro failed to call new elections within eight days, an ultimatum Russia said was "absurd" and the Venezuelan foreign minister called "childlike." The United States, Canada, most Latin American nations and many European states say Maduro stole his second-term election win last May. The former union leader cruised to victory after blocking the main opposition candidates from running. Turnout was low. Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan voiced his support for Maduro in a phone call on Thursday.

As West calls for new elections, Venezuela's Maduro shows off military might

National Security Adviser of the United States John Bolton said that any violence and intimidation against US diplomats, Venezuela's "democratic leader" Juan Guaido or the National Assembly will be met with a "<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-calls-on-world-to-pick-a-side-on-venezuela-europeans-set-to-recognize-guaido-193131">significant response</a>" by the US.&nbsp;

"Any violence and intimidation against US diplomatic personnel, Venezuela’s democratic leader, Juan Guiado, or the National Assembly itself would represent a grave assault on the rule of law and will be met with a significant response," Bolton tweeted on Sunday (local time).&nbsp;

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Any violence and intimidation against U.S. diplomatic personnel, Venezuela’s democratic leader, Juan Guiado, or the National Assembly itself would represent a grave assault on the rule of law and will be met with a significant response. 2/2
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He also said that Cuba's "support and control" over current Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro's armed forces are "well known".&nbsp;

"Cuba’s support and control over Maduro’s security and paramilitary forces are well known," he said in another tweet.

Last week, the US and a few of its allies recognised Guaido as Venezuela's interim president.&nbsp;

The move was met by Maduro severing all diplomatic ties with the US and ordering all American diplomats to leave the country. He also directed all Venezuelan diplomats to return from the US.&nbsp;

However, on Saturday, Venezuela`s Foreign Ministry suspended the expulsion of the US diplomats, The Hill reported.&nbsp;

Earlier, US Secretary of State Michael Pompeo labelled Maduro`s regime in Venezuela as an "illegitimate mafia state" and called for all nations to "pick sides" in the crisis while addressing a UN Security Council emergency meeting.&nbsp;

On January 23, Guaido, the opposition leader and National Assembly President, proclaimed himself as President of Venezuela to crowds of cheering protesters. He was immediately recognised as interim President by the USA.&nbsp;

Maduro, in turn, labelled it as a coup attempt by the US.&nbsp;

Countries like Russia, Bolivia, Iran, and Turkey have extended their support to Maduro and slammed international interference in the South American nation.&nbsp;

National Security Adviser of the United States John Bolton said that any violence and intimidation against US diplomats, Venezuela's "democratic leader" Juan Guaido or the National Assembly will be met with a "significant response" by the US.

National Security Adviser of the United States John Bolton said that any violence and intimidation against US diplomats, Venezuela's "democratic leader" Juan Guaido or the National Assembly will be met with a "significant response" by the US. "Any violence and intimidation against US diplomatic personnel, Venezuela’s democratic leader, Juan Guiado, or the National Assembly itself would represent a grave assault on the rule of law and will be met with a significant response," Bolton tweeted on Sunday (local time). Any violence and intimidation against U.S. diplomatic personnel, Venezuela’s democratic leader, Juan Guiado, or the National Assembly itself would represent a grave assault on the rule of law and will be met with a significant response. 2/2 — John Bolton (@AmbJohnBolton) January 27, 2019 × He also said that Cuba's "support and control" over current Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro's armed forces are "well known". "Cuba’s support and control over Maduro’s security and paramilitary forces are well known," he said in another tweet. Last week, the US and a few of its allies recognised Guaido as Venezuela's interim president. The move was met by Maduro severing all diplomatic ties with the US and ordering all American diplomats to leave the country. He also directed all Venezuelan diplomats to return from the US. However, on Saturday, Venezuela`s Foreign Ministry suspended the expulsion of the US diplomats, The Hill reported. Earlier, US Secretary of State Michael Pompeo labelled Maduro`s regime in Venezuela as an "illegitimate mafia state" and called for all nations to "pick sides" in the crisis while addressing a UN Security Council emergency meeting. On January 23, Guaido, the opposition leader and National Assembly President, proclaimed himself as President of Venezuela to crowds of cheering protesters. He was immediately recognised as interim President by the USA. Maduro, in turn, labelled it as a coup attempt by the US. Countries like Russia, Bolivia, Iran, and Turkey have extended their support to Maduro and slammed international interference in the South American nation.

US's Bolton warns Venezuela of 'significant response' if Juan Guaido is threatened

Venezuela's embattled President Nicolas Maduro rejected an international ultimatum to call elections within eight days and said opposition leader Juan Guaido had violated the country's constitution by declaring himself leader.

Maduro, in an interview with CNN Turk aired on Sunday, also said he was open to dialogue and that meeting US President Donald Trump was improbable but not impossible. The broadcaster dubbed the interview from Spanish into Turkish.

Washington, which has recognised Guaido as leader, had on Saturday urged the <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-calls-on-world-to-pick-a-side-on-venezuela-europeans-set-to-recognize-guaido-193131">world to "pick a side" on Venezuela</a> and financially disconnect from Maduro's government.

Venezuela has sunk into turmoil under Maduro with food shortages and protests amid an economic and political crisis that has sparked mass emigration and inflation that is seen rising to 10 million per cent this year.

Britain, Germany, France and Spain all said they would recognize Guaido if Maduro failed to call fresh elections within eight days, an ultimatum Russia said was "absurd" and the Venezuelan foreign minister called "childlike."

Washington, Canada most Latin American nations and many European states have labelled Maduro's second-term election win last May fraudulent.

Maduro retains the loyalty of the armed forces, though Venezuela's top military envoy to the United States on Saturday defected to Guaido.

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan had voiced his support for Maduro in a phone call on Thursday.

Venezuela's embattled President Nicolas Maduro rejected an international ultimatum to call elections within eight days and said opposition leader Juan Guaido had violated the country's constitution by declaring himself leader.

Venezuela's embattled President Nicolas Maduro rejected an international ultimatum to call elections within eight days and said opposition leader Juan Guaido had violated the country's constitution by declaring himself leader. Maduro, in an interview with CNN Turk aired on Sunday, also said he was open to dialogue and that meeting US President Donald Trump was improbable but not impossible. The broadcaster dubbed the interview from Spanish into Turkish. Washington, which has recognised Guaido as leader, had on Saturday urged the world to "pick a side" on Venezuela and financially disconnect from Maduro's government. Venezuela has sunk into turmoil under Maduro with food shortages and protests amid an economic and political crisis that has sparked mass emigration and inflation that is seen rising to 10 million per cent this year. Britain, Germany, France and Spain all said they would recognize Guaido if Maduro failed to call fresh elections within eight days, an ultimatum Russia said was "absurd" and the Venezuelan foreign minister called "childlike." Washington, Canada most Latin American nations and many European states have labelled Maduro's second-term election win last May fraudulent. Maduro retains the loyalty of the armed forces, though Venezuela's top military envoy to the United States on Saturday defected to Guaido. Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan had voiced his support for Maduro in a phone call on Thursday.

Venezuela's Maduro rejects European demands for new election but says 'open to dialogue'

Venezuela crisis: EU gives Maduro 8-day deadline to call elections

The United States pressed all nations Saturday to "stand with the forces of freedom" in Venezuela, encouraged by a tougher European line as Russia stood in the minority in backing embattled leader Nicolas Maduro.

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo made a forceful case at a special session of the United Nations Security Council, where he described Maduro as part of an "illegitimate mafia state" responsible for Venezuela's economic collapse.

With mounting protests over Venezuela's crisis in which more than two million have fled shortages of basic food and medicine, Pompeo asked all nations to follow the US in recognizing opposition leader Juan Guaido as the interim president.

"Now it is time for every other nation to pick a side. No more delays, no more games. Either you stand with the forces of freedom, or you're in league with Maduro and his mayhem," Pompeo said.

Pompeo denounced Russia and China, which have stood by Maduro, saying that they were motivated not by principle but raw financial interest.

"China and Russia are propping up a failed regime in the hopes of recovering billions of dollars in ill-considered investments and assistance made over the years," Pompeo said.

Russia has denounced the United States for interference and attempted to block the Security Council meeting, but it was voted down with nine of the 15 members agreeing to go forward.

"Venezuela does not pose any threat to peace and security. The intention of the United States is to orchestrate a coup d'etat," said the Russian ambassador, Vassily Nebenzia.

He accused the United States of renewing a long history of imperialism in Latin America, saying that Washington treated it as a "backyard where you can do anything you want."&nbsp;

But Russia managed to block a Security Council statement seen by AFP that would have offered "full support to Guaido and called the National Assembly that he heads "Venezuela's only democratically elected institution."

President Donald Trump's recognition of Guaido has enjoyed the support of many, but not all, Latin American powers including Brazil, Colombia and Argentina.

European powers, after cautious initial statements, on Saturday warned that they will recognize Guaido unless Maduro calls elections within eight days.

"If within eight days there are no fair, free and transparent elections called in Venezuela, Spain will recognize Juan Guaido as Venezuelan president" so that he himself can call the vote, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said in a televised announcement.

French President Emmanuel Macron followed suit in a tweet, saying "the Venezuelan people must be able to freely decide on their future." Germany and Britain also joined in the ultimatum.

Guaido quickly welcomed the support from the European powerhouses.

"There continues to be progress in the European Union for the recognition and full support of our legitimate and constitutional struggle," he tweeted.

But other members of the 28-nation bloc such as Austria, Greece and Portugal are more reluctant.

Greece's ruling left-wing party Syriza has publicly backed Maduro, with party secretary Panos Skourletis voicing "full support and solidarity" to what to he called "the legal president."

Fears for Guaido&nbsp;

Sanchez insisted that Spain, which has some 200,000 of its nationals living in Venezuela, is "not looking to impose or remove governments in Venezuela, we want democracy and free elections in Venezuela."

Maduro's re-election last year was contested by the opposition and rejected by the US, EU and UN as a sham -- but he has until now retained the loyalty of the powerful military.

Guaido, who has managed to galvanise a previously divided opposition, this week attempted to attract military support by offering an amnesty to anyone who disavows Maduro, with no luck so far.

In a Skype interview with Univision late Thursday, he went one step further by suggesting Maduro could be offered amnesty if he agrees to step down.

He has, however, rejected an offer of talks with Maduro, saying he won't attend a "fake dialogue" on a crisis that has left 26 dead in clashes this week between anti-Maduro activists and security forces.

More than 350 people have also been detained this week in the protests, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet said Friday.

Guaido has acalled for another "major demonstration" next week.

Maduro, for his part, called for a "popular rebellion against the coup" on the streets of Venezuela.

The Inter-American Human Rights Commission late Friday issued a statement warning that Guaido's life and health were in danger given the high political tension in the country.

Maduro has given US diplomats until late Saturday to leave Venezuela.&nbsp;

The United States said it was ignoring the orders as it no longer considers Maduro the president -- but withdrew non-essential staff and argued that Maduro, who controls the security forces, still bore responsibility for diplomats' safety.&nbsp;

"Do not test the United States on our resolve to protect our people," Pompeo warned.

The United States pressed all nations Saturday to "stand with the forces of freedom" in Venezuela, encouraged by a tougher European line as Russia stood in the minority in backing embattled leader Nicolas Maduro.

The United States pressed all nations Saturday to "stand with the forces of freedom" in Venezuela, encouraged by a tougher European line as Russia stood in the minority in backing embattled leader Nicolas Maduro. US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo made a forceful case at a special session of the United Nations Security Council, where he described Maduro as part of an "illegitimate mafia state" responsible for Venezuela's economic collapse. With mounting protests over Venezuela's crisis in which more than two million have fled shortages of basic food and medicine, Pompeo asked all nations to follow the US in recognizing opposition leader Juan Guaido as the interim president. "Now it is time for every other nation to pick a side. No more delays, no more games. Either you stand with the forces of freedom, or you're in league with Maduro and his mayhem," Pompeo said. Pompeo denounced Russia and China, which have stood by Maduro, saying that they were motivated not by principle but raw financial interest. "China and Russia are propping up a failed regime in the hopes of recovering billions of dollars in ill-considered investments and assistance made over the years," Pompeo said. Russia has denounced the United States for interference and attempted to block the Security Council meeting, but it was voted down with nine of the 15 members agreeing to go forward. "Venezuela does not pose any threat to peace and security. The intention of the United States is to orchestrate a coup d'etat," said the Russian ambassador, Vassily Nebenzia. He accused the United States of renewing a long history of imperialism in Latin America, saying that Washington treated it as a "backyard where you can do anything you want." But Russia managed to block a Security Council statement seen by AFP that would have offered "full support to Guaido and called the National Assembly that he heads "Venezuela's only democratically elected institution." President Donald Trump's recognition of Guaido has enjoyed the support of many, but not all, Latin American powers including Brazil, Colombia and Argentina. European powers, after cautious initial statements, on Saturday warned that they will recognize Guaido unless Maduro calls elections within eight days. "If within eight days there are no fair, free and transparent elections called in Venezuela, Spain will recognize Juan Guaido as Venezuelan president" so that he himself can call the vote, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said in a televised announcement. French President Emmanuel Macron followed suit in a tweet, saying "the Venezuelan people must be able to freely decide on their future." Germany and Britain also joined in the ultimatum. Guaido quickly welcomed the support from the European powerhouses. "There continues to be progress in the European Union for the recognition and full support of our legitimate and constitutional struggle," he tweeted. But other members of the 28-nation bloc such as Austria, Greece and Portugal are more reluctant. Greece's ruling left-wing party Syriza has publicly backed Maduro, with party secretary Panos Skourletis voicing "full support and solidarity" to what to he called "the legal president." Fears for Guaido Sanchez insisted that Spain, which has some 200,000 of its nationals living in Venezuela, is "not looking to impose or remove governments in Venezuela, we want democracy and free elections in Venezuela." Maduro's re-election last year was contested by the opposition and rejected by the US, EU and UN as a sham -- but he has until now retained the loyalty of the powerful military. Guaido, who has managed to galvanise a previously divided opposition, this week attempted to attract military support by offering an amnesty to anyone who disavows Maduro, with no luck so far. In a Skype interview with Univision late Thursday, he went one step further by suggesting Maduro could be offered amnesty if he agrees to step down. He has, however, rejected an offer of talks with Maduro, saying he won't attend a "fake dialogue" on a crisis that has left 26 dead in clashes this week between anti-Maduro activists and security forces. More than 350 people have also been detained this week in the protests, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet said Friday. Guaido has acalled for another "major demonstration" next week. Maduro, for his part, called for a "popular rebellion against the coup" on the streets of Venezuela. The Inter-American Human Rights Commission late Friday issued a statement warning that Guaido's life and health were in danger given the high political tension in the country. Maduro has given US diplomats until late Saturday to leave Venezuela. The United States said it was ignoring the orders as it no longer considers Maduro the president -- but withdrew non-essential staff and argued that Maduro, who controls the security forces, still bore responsibility for diplomats' safety. "Do not test the United States on our resolve to protect our people," Pompeo warned.

US calls to 'stand with freedom' in Venezuela as EU gives ultimatum

The <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/spain-france-germany-give-embattled-venezuelan-leader-nicolas-maduro-an-ultimatum-192997">European Union</a> "will take further actions" if new elections are not called in Venezuela in the coming days, EU diplomatic chief Federica Mogherini said on Saturday, as international pressure grows on embattled Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro.

Her statement came after the United States, Canada and major South American governments recognised opposition leader Juan Guaido, who proclaimed himself acting president in a challenge to Maduro.

"In the absence of an announcement on the organisation of fresh elections with the necessary guarantees over the next days, the EU will take further actions, including on the issue of recognition of the country's leadership," Mogherini said.

Spain, France, Germany, Portugal and the United Kingdom on Saturday also gave Maduro an ultimatum&nbsp;of eight days to call new elections or they would recognise Guaido as president.

The coordinated announcements are the most explicit yet from EU countries after the 28-member bloc struggled to draft a joint statement with regards to its position on the crisis in Venezuela.

However, the ultimatum has been rejected by Venezuela's finance minister&nbsp;insisting that Nicolas Maduro remained the legitimate president despite US-led pressure.

"Nobody is going to give us deadlines or tell us if there are elections or not," Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza told a special session of the United Nations Security Council.

Maduro's reelection last year was contested by the opposition and rejected by the US, EU and UN as a sham -- but he has until now retained the loyalty of the South American OPEC nation's powerful military.

Guaido, who is chief of the elected National Assembly, proclaimed himself acting president of Venezuela during massive street rallies this week.

"The EU reiterates its full support to the National Assembly, which is the democratic legitimate body of Venezuela," the Mogherini statement said. "We reaffirm our deep belief that a peaceful and inclusive democratic solution is the only sustainable way out of the current political impasse."

After four years of economic collapse that has left Venezuelans short of food and medicine and driven more than two million to flee, Guaido is trying to oust Maduro following elections that saw the socialist leader sworn in for a second term.

The European Union "will take further actions" if new elections are not called in Venezuela in the coming days, EU diplomatic chief Federica Mogherini said on Saturday, as international pressure grows on embattled Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro.

The European Union "will take further actions" if new elections are not called in Venezuela in the coming days, EU diplomatic chief Federica Mogherini said on Saturday, as international pressure grows on embattled Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro. Her statement came after the United States, Canada and major South American governments recognised opposition leader Juan Guaido, who proclaimed himself acting president in a challenge to Maduro. "In the absence of an announcement on the organisation of fresh elections with the necessary guarantees over the next days, the EU will take further actions, including on the issue of recognition of the country's leadership," Mogherini said. Spain, France, Germany, Portugal and the United Kingdom on Saturday also gave Maduro an ultimatum of eight days to call new elections or they would recognise Guaido as president. The coordinated announcements are the most explicit yet from EU countries after the 28-member bloc struggled to draft a joint statement with regards to its position on the crisis in Venezuela. However, the ultimatum has been rejected by Venezuela's finance minister insisting that Nicolas Maduro remained the legitimate president despite US-led pressure. "Nobody is going to give us deadlines or tell us if there are elections or not," Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza told a special session of the United Nations Security Council. Maduro's reelection last year was contested by the opposition and rejected by the US, EU and UN as a sham -- but he has until now retained the loyalty of the South American OPEC nation's powerful military. Guaido, who is chief of the elected National Assembly, proclaimed himself acting president of Venezuela during massive street rallies this week. "The EU reiterates its full support to the National Assembly, which is the democratic legitimate body of Venezuela," the Mogherini statement said. "We reaffirm our deep belief that a peaceful and inclusive democratic solution is the only sustainable way out of the current political impasse." After four years of economic collapse that has left Venezuelans short of food and medicine and driven more than two million to flee, Guaido is trying to oust Maduro following elections that saw the socialist leader sworn in for a second term.

EU to 'take further actions' if new elections not called in Venezuela: Diplomatic chief Mogherini

Mexico is prepared to host President <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-state-secretary-pompeo-to-ask-un-security-council-to-recognise-venezuelas-guaido-as-acting-president-192814">Nicolas Maduro</a> and his opposition rival, self-declared interim president Juan Guaido, for talks to resolve Venezuela's spiraling crisis, President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador said Friday.

Lopez Obrador, whose government still recognizes Maduro as Venezuelan president -- unlike several other Latin American powers and the United States -- said the Mexican foreign ministry was ready to host talks for a "peaceful solution" if both parties were willing.

"We couldn't carry this out without a request from both sides... (but) we are more than willing to help facilitate dialogue, without the use of force or violence, to resolve the problems" Venezuela is facing, he told a news conference.

Maduro said Thursday he was open to holding talks to resolve the crisis and was ready to meet Guaido.

But the opposition leader has ruled that out, for now, saying the leftist leader cannot be trusted.

Guaido, the leader of Venezuela's legislature, declared himself acting president on Wednesday, saying Maduro's re-election was illegitimate.

The socialist leader, who has presided over a painful political and economic crisis, was sworn in for a new six-year term on January 10, after winning an election that was boycotted by the opposition and condemned by the United States and a dozen Latin American countries.

The US, Canada, Britain and a string of regional countries have recognized Guaido as president.

Mexico is the biggest Latin American player that still recognizes Maduro, together with Russia and China.

Mexico has taken a hands-off approach to the Venezuelan crisis since Lopez Obrador, a leftist, took office in December.

It was the only member of the so-called Lima Group of 14 regional countries not to sign a statement earlier this month calling on Maduro to step down rather than begin a new term.

However, Lopez Obrador's government has not given Maduro the unbending support of leftist allies such as Cuba and Nicaragua, calling instead -- in a joint statement with Uruguay -- for all parties to "reduce tensions" and hold an "inclusive and credible negotiation process."

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres also called Thursday for talks, saying Venezuela needs to "avoid an escalation that would lead to the kind of conflict that would be a disaster for the people of Venezuela and for the region."

Mexico is prepared to host President Nicolas Maduro and his opposition rival, self-declared interim president Juan Guaido, for talks to resolve Venezuela's spiraling crisis, President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador said Friday.

Mexico is prepared to host President Nicolas Maduro and his opposition rival, self-declared interim president Juan Guaido, for talks to resolve Venezuela's spiraling crisis, President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador said Friday. Lopez Obrador, whose government still recognizes Maduro as Venezuelan president -- unlike several other Latin American powers and the United States -- said the Mexican foreign ministry was ready to host talks for a "peaceful solution" if both parties were willing. "We couldn't carry this out without a request from both sides... (but) we are more than willing to help facilitate dialogue, without the use of force or violence, to resolve the problems" Venezuela is facing, he told a news conference. Maduro said Thursday he was open to holding talks to resolve the crisis and was ready to meet Guaido. But the opposition leader has ruled that out, for now, saying the leftist leader cannot be trusted. Guaido, the leader of Venezuela's legislature, declared himself acting president on Wednesday, saying Maduro's re-election was illegitimate. The socialist leader, who has presided over a painful political and economic crisis, was sworn in for a new six-year term on January 10, after winning an election that was boycotted by the opposition and condemned by the United States and a dozen Latin American countries. The US, Canada, Britain and a string of regional countries have recognized Guaido as president. Mexico is the biggest Latin American player that still recognizes Maduro, together with Russia and China. Mexico has taken a hands-off approach to the Venezuelan crisis since Lopez Obrador, a leftist, took office in December. It was the only member of the so-called Lima Group of 14 regional countries not to sign a statement earlier this month calling on Maduro to step down rather than begin a new term. However, Lopez Obrador's government has not given Maduro the unbending support of leftist allies such as Cuba and Nicaragua, calling instead -- in a joint statement with Uruguay -- for all parties to "reduce tensions" and hold an "inclusive and credible negotiation process." UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres also called Thursday for talks, saying Venezuela needs to "avoid an escalation that would lead to the kind of conflict that would be a disaster for the people of Venezuela and for the region."

Venezuela: Opposition leader Juan Guaido rules out crisis talks, says Maduro can not be trusted

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo will press UN Security Council members to recognize Juan Guaido as acting president of <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/more-than-350-protesters-detained-in-venezuela-this-week-united-nations-192766">Venezuela during an upcoming crisis meeting</a>, the State Department said Friday.

The United States requested Saturday's session after it threw its support behind the Venezuelan opposition leader and declared leftist firebrand Nicolas Maduro to be an illegitimate president.

"Secretary Pompeo will urge members of the Security Council and the international community to uphold international peace and security by recognizing Juan Guaido as the constitutional interim President of Venezuela, and call for support for the transitional government in their quest to restore democracy and the rule of law," the State Department said in a statement announcing his trip.

The United States has been joined by key players in the Americas in recognising Guaido including Argentina, Brazil, Canada and Colombia.

But none of the other five veto-wielding powers on the Security Council has formally backed Guaido.

Britain and France have both called Maduro's re-election last year illegitimate but stopped short of officially recognizing Guaido, a 35-year-old engineer who heads the opposition-led National Assembly, although British Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt called Guaido "the right person to take Venezuela forward."

Russia has strongly supported its ally Maduro, and China, Venezuela's main creditor, has voiced opposition to outside interference.

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo will press UN Security Council members to recognize Juan Guaido as acting president of Venezuela during an upcoming crisis meeting, the State Department said Friday.

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo will press UN Security Council members to recognize Juan Guaido as acting president of Venezuela during an upcoming crisis meeting, the State Department said Friday. The United States requested Saturday's session after it threw its support behind the Venezuelan opposition leader and declared leftist firebrand Nicolas Maduro to be an illegitimate president. "Secretary Pompeo will urge members of the Security Council and the international community to uphold international peace and security by recognizing Juan Guaido as the constitutional interim President of Venezuela, and call for support for the transitional government in their quest to restore democracy and the rule of law," the State Department said in a statement announcing his trip. The United States has been joined by key players in the Americas in recognising Guaido including Argentina, Brazil, Canada and Colombia. But none of the other five veto-wielding powers on the Security Council has formally backed Guaido. Britain and France have both called Maduro's re-election last year illegitimate but stopped short of officially recognizing Guaido, a 35-year-old engineer who heads the opposition-led National Assembly, although British Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt called Guaido "the right person to take Venezuela forward." Russia has strongly supported its ally Maduro, and China, Venezuela's main creditor, has voiced opposition to outside interference.

US state secretary Pompeo to ask UN Security Council to recognise Venezuela's Guaido as acting president

More than 350 people in <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-seeks-to-cut-off-money-for-venezuelas-maduro-to-aid-opposition-192613">Venezuela </a>have been arrested this week during demonstrations against President <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-seeks-to-cut-off-money-for-venezuelas-maduro-to-aid-opposition-192613">Nicolas Maduro</a>'s government, the UN rights chief said Friday, calling for immediate talks to defuse the "increasingly incendiary atmosphere".

The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, said her office had "reports of large-scale detention of demonstrators -- well over 350 in total (this week), including 320 on 23 January alone".

Bachelet called for a full investigation into alleged violations by the state, including summary executions.&nbsp;

Civil society groups in Venezuela have put the death toll from days of street protests at 26.&nbsp;

The rights office, citing "credible local sources," said it also had indications that at least 20 people "have died after allegedly being shot by security forces or members of pro-government armed groups during demonstrations on Tuesday and Wednesday".

Bachelet, a former president of Chile who dealt with Maduro in her previous role, called for "immediate talks to defuse the increasingly incendiary atmosphere" in Venezuela. &nbsp;

"This is, at heart a crisis of governance, and it is the responsibility of the country's leaders to put an end to this disastrous situation," Bachelet said.

Venezuela, an oil-rich but economically devastated country, was plunged into uncertainty this week when opposition leader Juan Guaido, the 35-year-old head of the National Assembly, proclaimed himself "acting president".&nbsp;

He earned swift endorsement from Washington and a dozen regional powers including Brazil, Argentina and Colombia.

Maduro's reelection last year was disputed by the opposition, and criticised internationally -- but the socialist leader has until now retained the loyalty of the powerful military.

More than 350 people in Venezuela have been arrested this week during demonstrations against President Nicolas Maduro's government, the UN rights chief said Friday, calling for immediate talks to defuse the "increasingly incendiary atmosphere".

More than 350 people in Venezuela have been arrested this week during demonstrations against President Nicolas Maduro's government, the UN rights chief said Friday, calling for immediate talks to defuse the "increasingly incendiary atmosphere". The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, said her office had "reports of large-scale detention of demonstrators -- well over 350 in total (this week), including 320 on 23 January alone". Bachelet called for a full investigation into alleged violations by the state, including summary executions. Civil society groups in Venezuela have put the death toll from days of street protests at 26. The rights office, citing "credible local sources," said it also had indications that at least 20 people "have died after allegedly being shot by security forces or members of pro-government armed groups during demonstrations on Tuesday and Wednesday". Bachelet, a former president of Chile who dealt with Maduro in her previous role, called for "immediate talks to defuse the increasingly incendiary atmosphere" in Venezuela. "This is, at heart a crisis of governance, and it is the responsibility of the country's leaders to put an end to this disastrous situation," Bachelet said. Venezuela, an oil-rich but economically devastated country, was plunged into uncertainty this week when opposition leader Juan Guaido, the 35-year-old head of the National Assembly, proclaimed himself "acting president". He earned swift endorsement from Washington and a dozen regional powers including Brazil, Argentina and Colombia. Maduro's reelection last year was disputed by the opposition, and criticised internationally -- but the socialist leader has until now retained the loyalty of the powerful military.

More than 350 protesters detained in Venezuela this week: United Nations

<a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.wionews.com/sports/ronaldo-accepts-deal-in-tax-fraud-case-in-spain-with-fine-suspended-sentence-191989&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiynpe5sIbgAhXJbn0KHZmEB4sQFggFMAA&amp;client=internal-uds-cse&amp;cx=006054055338965708568:09spwrlibei&amp;usg=AOvVaw0AaiI-I4Wa-NaYCjCthlhS">Spain</a> on Thursday said fresh elections were the "only way out" for Venezuela after opposition leader Juan Guaido claimed the presidency amid anti-government protests.

"The scenario has changed radically, there have been deaths. We have to prevent the situation from worsening. This undoubtedly demands a process of intervention to guarantee the only way out which is elections," said Spanish Foreign Minister Josep Borrell.

The United States, Brazil, and other countries on Wednesday endorsed Guaido's declaration in repudiation of President Nicolas Maduro, as more protests rocked the economically strapped country.

Guaido's announcement came amid violence that has killed at least 13 people this week, according to a toll by the Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict.

When asked if Spain would also endorse Guaido's declaration, Borrell reiterated that "what is important" is that Venezuela holds fresh elections.

He said some 200,000 Spanish nationals live in Venezuela, a former Spanish colony.

Spain on Thursday said fresh elections were the "only way out" for Venezuela after opposition leader Juan Guaido claimed the presidency amid anti-government protests.

Spain on Thursday said fresh elections were the "only way out" for Venezuela after opposition leader Juan Guaido claimed the presidency amid anti-government protests. "The scenario has changed radically, there have been deaths. We have to prevent the situation from worsening. This undoubtedly demands a process of intervention to guarantee the only way out which is elections," said Spanish Foreign Minister Josep Borrell. The United States, Brazil, and other countries on Wednesday endorsed Guaido's declaration in repudiation of President Nicolas Maduro, as more protests rocked the economically strapped country. Guaido's announcement came amid violence that has killed at least 13 people this week, according to a toll by the Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict. When asked if Spain would also endorse Guaido's declaration, Borrell reiterated that "what is important" is that Venezuela holds fresh elections. He said some 200,000 Spanish nationals live in Venezuela, a former Spanish colony.

Elections only way out of Venezuela crisis: Spain

Venezuelan President <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/president-maduro-to-start-new-term-as-venezuela-isolation-grows-189445">Nicolas Maduro</a> started a second term on Thursday, defying critics in the United States and Latin America who called him an illegitimate usurper of a nation where economic chaos has wrought a humanitarian crisis.

The country's pro-government Supreme Court, which has largely supplanted the opposition-run Congress, swore him in following a welcome with a symphony orchestra and cheering supporters waving miniature Venezuelan flags.

The ceremony contrasted with the harsh realities that face the former bus driver turned socialist leader, including hyperinflation, severe food and medicine shortages and an exodus of millions of citizens seeking to escape the hardship.

Before he had even completed his inaugural speech, the United States accused him of "usurping power," and Paraguay announced it was cutting diplomatic ties - a symbol of the growing diplomatic isolation that he will face in the new term.

"A new world has risen up that refuses to be controlled by the imperial and hegemonic orders of a single nation or its satellite countries," Maduro said following his swearing-in.

"That's the rallying cry of our revolution to the peoples and governments of the world."

Supreme Court Chief Maikel Moreno dedicated nearly 20 minutes to explaining why Maduro was not being sworn in by Congress, which the ruling Socialist Party has systematically ignored since the opposition took control of the body in 2016.

Opposition leaders have portrayed the inauguration as the moment at which Maduro will be internationally branded a dictator following a widely boycotted 2018 election that many foreign governments described as a farce.

But continued support from the military, a fractured opposition and a relentless crackdown on opposition critics means that Maduro appears to face few serious challenges at home, despite the international outcry.

Maduro's first agenda item for his second term is a ceremony at Venezuela's military academy, a telling symbol of the importance of armed forces.

Diplomatic isolation

Supporters, many of whom were public servants identified by t-shirts of state agencies, rallied in the centre of Caracas to celebrate the new term. Some said Maduro should do more to crack down on business leaders for raising prices.

"Sometimes its hard to find food because businesses hide it and then say its the president's fault, even though we all know that's a lie," said Graciela Laya, 43, a homemaker, at a rally near the Supreme Court.

He won re-election last year despite hyperinflation, chronic food shortages and a severe economic contraction. He blames an "economic war" led by the United States and local opposition adversaries for the country's woes.

The vast majority of the opposition boycotted last year's vote on the grounds that it was rigged in favour of Maduro, noting a host of irregularities including Socialist Party tents in which activists offered monetary payments to voters.

The United States and many Latin American and European countries condemned the vote, leaving Maduro backed by just a handful of stalwart allies from leftist governments.

"It is time for Venezuela to begin a transitional process that can restore the constitutional, democratic order by holding free and fair elections that respect the will of the Venezuelan people," U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo wrote in statement.

Paraguay's President Mario Abdo said his country was shutting its embassy and pulling out all diplomatic personnel due to what it called a "rupture of constitutional order" caused by the inauguration.

Most other countries plan to maintain their embassies and diplomatic relations with Venezuela, according to sources consulted by Reuters, but most European and Latin American countries did not send diplomats to the inauguration.

Opposition activists have called for protests on Thursday. Authorities have responded by filling streets with police checkpoints and rifle-toting troops.

"This inauguration is illegal," said Jose Navarro, 17, a student at a small anti-government protest in the restive western city of San Cristobal. "And this military deployment is also an offense to the constitution."

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro started a second term on Thursday, defying critics in the United States and Latin America who called him an illegitimate usurper of a nation where economic chaos has wrought a humanitarian crisis.

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro started a second term on Thursday, defying critics in the United States and Latin America who called him an illegitimate usurper of a nation where economic chaos has wrought a humanitarian crisis. The country's pro-government Supreme Court, which has largely supplanted the opposition-run Congress, swore him in following a welcome with a symphony orchestra and cheering supporters waving miniature Venezuelan flags. The ceremony contrasted with the harsh realities that face the former bus driver turned socialist leader, including hyperinflation, severe food and medicine shortages and an exodus of millions of citizens seeking to escape the hardship. Before he had even completed his inaugural speech, the United States accused him of "usurping power," and Paraguay announced it was cutting diplomatic ties - a symbol of the growing diplomatic isolation that he will face in the new term. "A new world has risen up that refuses to be controlled by the imperial and hegemonic orders of a single nation or its satellite countries," Maduro said following his swearing-in. "That's the rallying cry of our revolution to the peoples and governments of the world." Supreme Court Chief Maikel Moreno dedicated nearly 20 minutes to explaining why Maduro was not being sworn in by Congress, which the ruling Socialist Party has systematically ignored since the opposition took control of the body in 2016. Opposition leaders have portrayed the inauguration as the moment at which Maduro will be internationally branded a dictator following a widely boycotted 2018 election that many foreign governments described as a farce. But continued support from the military, a fractured opposition and a relentless crackdown on opposition critics means that Maduro appears to face few serious challenges at home, despite the international outcry. Maduro's first agenda item for his second term is a ceremony at Venezuela's military academy, a telling symbol of the importance of armed forces. Diplomatic isolation Supporters, many of whom were public servants identified by t-shirts of state agencies, rallied in the centre of Caracas to celebrate the new term. Some said Maduro should do more to crack down on business leaders for raising prices. "Sometimes its hard to find food because businesses hide it and then say its the president's fault, even though we all know that's a lie," said Graciela Laya, 43, a homemaker, at a rally near the Supreme Court. He won re-election last year despite hyperinflation, chronic food shortages and a severe economic contraction. He blames an "economic war" led by the United States and local opposition adversaries for the country's woes. The vast majority of the opposition boycotted last year's vote on the grounds that it was rigged in favour of Maduro, noting a host of irregularities including Socialist Party tents in which activists offered monetary payments to voters. The United States and many Latin American and European countries condemned the vote, leaving Maduro backed by just a handful of stalwart allies from leftist governments. "It is time for Venezuela to begin a transitional process that can restore the constitutional, democratic order by holding free and fair elections that respect the will of the Venezuelan people," U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo wrote in statement. Paraguay's President Mario Abdo said his country was shutting its embassy and pulling out all diplomatic personnel due to what it called a "rupture of constitutional order" caused by the inauguration. Most other countries plan to maintain their embassies and diplomatic relations with Venezuela, according to sources consulted by Reuters, but most European and Latin American countries did not send diplomats to the inauguration. Opposition activists have called for protests on Thursday. Authorities have responded by filling streets with police checkpoints and rifle-toting troops. "This inauguration is illegal," said Jose Navarro, 17, a student at a small anti-government protest in the restive western city of San Cristobal. "And this military deployment is also an offense to the constitution."

Venezuela's President Maduro starts new term, shrugs off criticism

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