NASA's Curiosity Rover has clocked a historic milestone by spending 4,000 Martian days exploring the red planet.

The car-sized rover reached Mars on 6 August 2012, and has been on the barren planet ever since, "busy conducting exciting science".

<h2>'Staying strong'</h2>

Celebrating the 11-year-long journey, NASA on its website wrote: "The mission team is making sure the robotic scientist, now in its fourth extended mission, is staying strong, despite wear and tear from its 11-year journey."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/where-exactly-on-mars-should-humans-go-nasa-scientists-release-a-map-653058">Where exactly on Mars should humans go? NASA scientists release a map</a>

The rover, which at the time of its launch was the largest and the most advanced rover ever sent to Mars, aimed to determine if the alien planet was ever able to support microbial life.

<h2>Curiosity Rover's achievements</h2>

The rover's samples have helped scientists establish that the planet in ancient times had a huge network of rivers flowing with life-giving water.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-curiosity-rover-finds-evidence-mars-was-once-a-planet-of-rivers-651444">Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers'</a>

Just last month, this exciting find was published by researchers in the journal 'Geophysical Research Letters'.

"We're finding evidence that Mars was likely a planet of rivers," said the research's lead author, Benjamin Cardenas, a geoscientist at Penn State University, at the time.

Slowly ascending the 3-mile-tall (5-kilometer-tall) Mount Sharp, Curiosity has helped us know a lot about Mars. Mount Sharp, the tall geological structure, as per NASA, is composed of many layers that formed during different parts of Martian history.

Recently, the resilient rover collected a sample from its target, nicknamed 'Sequoia'. This sample will help "reveal more about how the climate and habitability of Mars evolved as this region became enriched in sulfates – minerals that likely formed in salty water that was evaporating as Mars first began drying up billions of years ago".

Eventually, the planet's water disappeared. Ashwin Vasavada, Curiosity’s project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, said: "The types of sulfate and carbonate minerals that Curiosity’s instruments have identified in the last year help us understand what Mars was like so long ago. We've been anticipating these results for decades, and now Sequoia will tell us even more."

"Curiosity remains strong," says NASA.

During its 4,000-plus day or 11-year-long journey, the rover has driven almost 20 miles (32 kilometres) through Mars' "punishingly cold environment bathed in dust and radiation".&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA's Curiosity Rover has clocked a historic milestone by spending 4,000 Martian days exploring the red planet. The car-sized rover reached Mars on 6 August 2012, and has been on the barren planet ever since, "busy conducting exciting science".

NASA's Curiosity Rover has clocked a historic milestone by spending 4,000 Martian days exploring the red planet. The car-sized rover reached Mars on 6 August 2012, and has been on the barren planet ever since, "busy conducting exciting science". 'Staying strong' Celebrating the 11-year-long journey, NASA on its website wrote: "The mission team is making sure the robotic scientist, now in its fourth extended mission, is staying strong, despite wear and tear from its 11-year journey." Also read | Where exactly on Mars should humans go? NASA scientists release a map The rover, which at the time of its launch was the largest and the most advanced rover ever sent to Mars, aimed to determine if the alien planet was ever able to support microbial life. Curiosity Rover's achievements The rover's samples have helped scientists establish that the planet in ancient times had a huge network of rivers flowing with life-giving water. Also read | Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers' Just last month, this exciting find was published by researchers in the journal 'Geophysical Research Letters'. "We're finding evidence that Mars was likely a planet of rivers," said the research's lead author, Benjamin Cardenas, a geoscientist at Penn State University, at the time. Slowly ascending the 3-mile-tall (5-kilometer-tall) Mount Sharp, Curiosity has helped us know a lot about Mars. Mount Sharp, the tall geological structure, as per NASA, is composed of many layers that formed during different parts of Martian history. Recently, the resilient rover collected a sample from its target, nicknamed 'Sequoia'. This sample will help "reveal more about how the climate and habitability of Mars evolved as this region became enriched in sulfates – minerals that likely formed in salty water that was evaporating as Mars first began drying up billions of years ago". Eventually, the planet's water disappeared. Ashwin Vasavada, Curiosity’s project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, said: "The types of sulfate and carbonate minerals that Curiosity’s instruments have identified in the last year help us understand what Mars was like so long ago. We've been anticipating these results for decades, and now Sequoia will tell us even more." "Curiosity remains strong," says NASA. During its 4,000-plus day or 11-year-long journey, the rover has driven almost 20 miles (32 kilometres) through Mars' "punishingly cold environment bathed in dust and radiation". (With inputs from agencies)

'Curiosity remains strong': Curiosity rover clocks 4,000 days in Mars' 'punishingly cold environment'

NASA's Lucy mission has discovered a remarkable binary asteroid system in the first downlinked images. Initially, the two lobes of the contact binary appeared aligned during the closest approach, but additional images showed&nbsp;the system's true nature.

Earlier, the spacecraft beamed back images showing that Dinkinesh or Dinky had a satellite, its very own moon around it. Now some astounding information about this moon has come to light. This satellite orbiting Dinkinesh is not one but two conjoined space rocks, that is&nbsp;two smaller objects in contact with one another.

This means that the entire system comprises not one, or two rocks, but is actually made up of three space rocks.&nbsp;

"It is puzzling, to say the least," Hal Levison, principal investigator for Lucy, said in a statement. "I would have never expected a system that looks like this. In particular, I don't understand why the two components of the satellite have similar sizes. This is going to be fun for the scientific community to figure out."

While contact binaries are not uncommon in the solar system, observing them up close is infrequent. What makes this discovery particularly unique is that one asteroid orbits another. Dinkinesh had shown peculiar brightness variations, hinting at the presence of a satellite.

“Contact binaries seem to be fairly common in the solar system,” said John Spencer, Lucy deputy project scientist, of the Boulder, Colorado, branch of the San-Antonio-based Southwest Research Institute.

“We haven’t seen many up-close, and we’ve never seen one orbiting another asteroid. We’d been puzzling over odd variations in Dinkinesh’s brightness that we saw on approach, which gave us a hint that Dinkinesh might have a moon of some sort, but we never suspected anything so bizarre!,” he added.&nbsp;

Lucy's primary objective is to explore Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, with the encounter with a small, main belt asteroid like Dinkinesh added in early 2023.

This served as a test of the spacecraft's tracking and imaging system during high-speed flybys.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/stargazers-beware-saturns-rings-will-vanish-soon-heres-when-656374">Also read |&nbsp;Stargazers beware! Saturn's rings will vanish soon. Here's when</a>

<h2>Scientific community faces a puzzle</h2>

The binary asteroid system's characteristics have always confused scientists, especially the similarity in size between the two components of the satellite.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-oldest-black-hole-dating-back-470-million-years-after-big-bang-656068">Also read |&nbsp;Oldest black hole was formed 470 million years after Big Bang, and it has just been found</a>

The Lucy mission is currently processing additional data from the encounter. Dinkinesh and its satellite are just the first of 11 asteroids that Lucy will explore during its 12-year journey.

(With inputs from agents)

&nbsp;

NASA's Lucy mission has discovered a remarkable binary asteroid system in the first downlinked images. Initially, the two lobes of the contact binary appeared aligned during the closest approach, but additional images showed the system's true nature.

NASA's Lucy mission has discovered a remarkable binary asteroid system in the first downlinked images. Initially, the two lobes of the contact binary appeared aligned during the closest approach, but additional images showed the system's true nature. Earlier, the spacecraft beamed back images showing that Dinkinesh or Dinky had a satellite, its very own moon around it. Now some astounding information about this moon has come to light. This satellite orbiting Dinkinesh is not one but two conjoined space rocks, that is two smaller objects in contact with one another. This means that the entire system comprises not one, or two rocks, but is actually made up of three space rocks. "It is puzzling, to say the least," Hal Levison, principal investigator for Lucy, said in a statement. "I would have never expected a system that looks like this. In particular, I don't understand why the two components of the satellite have similar sizes. This is going to be fun for the scientific community to figure out." While contact binaries are not uncommon in the solar system, observing them up close is infrequent. What makes this discovery particularly unique is that one asteroid orbits another. Dinkinesh had shown peculiar brightness variations, hinting at the presence of a satellite. “Contact binaries seem to be fairly common in the solar system,” said John Spencer, Lucy deputy project scientist, of the Boulder, Colorado, branch of the San-Antonio-based Southwest Research Institute. “We haven’t seen many up-close, and we’ve never seen one orbiting another asteroid. We’d been puzzling over odd variations in Dinkinesh’s brightness that we saw on approach, which gave us a hint that Dinkinesh might have a moon of some sort, but we never suspected anything so bizarre!,” he added. Lucy's primary objective is to explore Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, with the encounter with a small, main belt asteroid like Dinkinesh added in early 2023. This served as a test of the spacecraft's tracking and imaging system during high-speed flybys. Also read | Stargazers beware! Saturn's rings will vanish soon. Here's when Scientific community faces a puzzle The binary asteroid system's characteristics have always confused scientists, especially the similarity in size between the two components of the satellite. Also read | Oldest black hole was formed 470 million years after Big Bang, and it has just been found The Lucy mission is currently processing additional data from the encounter. Dinkinesh and its satellite are just the first of 11 asteroids that Lucy will explore during its 12-year journey. (With inputs from agents)

Asteroid Dinky's moon continues to shock scientists as latest images make startling revelation

Saturn, the giant planet known for its rings, will soon lose its crowning glory. As per NASA, the gas planet's famous interstellar hoops will soon disappear — thankfully they are not going out of existence, we just won't be able to see them any more.

<h2>Why are Saturn's rings disappearing?</h2>

Saturn's rings will vanish from our planet's view because of its tilting within its axis of orbit. Basically, the planet, as it makes its way around the sun once more, will tilt and the face we are used to — the one with the famous rings, will go out of view.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-nasa-to-send-nuclear-powered-dragonfly-to-saturns-moon-titan-heres-all-you-need-to-know-651572">Explained: NASA to send 'nuclear-powered' Dragonfly to Saturn's moon Titan. Here's all you need to know</a>

Saturn makes the journey around the sun in about 30 Earth years. Throughout this journey, based on the planet's tilt, its rings are more or less visible, according to NASA.

"For nearly half of Saturn's orbit, the sun shines on the south side of the rings. For the other half, it shines on the north side," notes a NASA transcript as quoted by USA Today.

<h2>When will Saturn's rings disappear?</h2>

Stargazers should try to enjoy the view while they can. As per NASA estimates, the rings will disappear in about 18 months, around March 2025.&nbsp;

Currently, Saturn's tilt is angled downwards at nine degrees and in 2024, this will decrease to a barely visible 3.7 degrees. Finally, in March 2025, it will hit zero degrees, which as per Earth.com will be akin to seeing "a sheet of paper edge-on when it’s positioned at the far end of a soccer field."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-curiosity-rover-finds-evidence-mars-was-once-a-planet-of-rivers-651444">Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers'</a>

However, we need not worry, the rings will return soon. By 2032, Saturn's angle of tilt will once again be 27 degrees, which will offer the optimal view of its rings.

<h2>Do Saturn's rings vanish often?</h2>

They go out of view every few years, but experts estimate that they may eventually disappear out of existence. However, this won't happen in our lifetimes, or in our children's. It will actually take a few hundred million years.&nbsp;

Saturn has seven distinct rings, that are made up of ice, rocky debris and dust. As per NASA, it is believed that these are the remains of comets, asteroids and moons that were pulled apart by the planet's powerful gravitational pull. These celestial hoops extend some 70,000 to 140,000 kilometres — the equivalent of the width of 30 Earths. Yet, in most places they are very thin — only 90 metres.

(With inputs from agencies)

Saturn, the giant planet known for its rings, will soon lose its crowning glory. As per NASA, the gas planet's famous interstellar hoops will soon disappear — thankfully they are not going out of existence, we just won't be able to see them any more.

Saturn, the giant planet known for its rings, will soon lose its crowning glory. As per NASA, the gas planet's famous interstellar hoops will soon disappear — thankfully they are not going out of existence, we just won't be able to see them any more. Why are Saturn's rings disappearing? Saturn's rings will vanish from our planet's view because of its tilting within its axis of orbit. Basically, the planet, as it makes its way around the sun once more, will tilt and the face we are used to — the one with the famous rings, will go out of view. Also read | Explained: NASA to send 'nuclear-powered' Dragonfly to Saturn's moon Titan. Here's all you need to know Saturn makes the journey around the sun in about 30 Earth years. Throughout this journey, based on the planet's tilt, its rings are more or less visible, according to NASA. "For nearly half of Saturn's orbit, the sun shines on the south side of the rings. For the other half, it shines on the north side," notes a NASA transcript as quoted by USA Today. When will Saturn's rings disappear? Stargazers should try to enjoy the view while they can. As per NASA estimates, the rings will disappear in about 18 months, around March 2025. Currently, Saturn's tilt is angled downwards at nine degrees and in 2024, this will decrease to a barely visible 3.7 degrees. Finally, in March 2025, it will hit zero degrees, which as per Earth.com will be akin to seeing "a sheet of paper edge-on when it’s positioned at the far end of a soccer field." Also read | Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers' However, we need not worry, the rings will return soon. By 2032, Saturn's angle of tilt will once again be 27 degrees, which will offer the optimal view of its rings. Do Saturn's rings vanish often? They go out of view every few years, but experts estimate that they may eventually disappear out of existence. However, this won't happen in our lifetimes, or in our children's. It will actually take a few hundred million years. Saturn has seven distinct rings, that are made up of ice, rocky debris and dust. As per NASA, it is believed that these are the remains of comets, asteroids and moons that were pulled apart by the planet's powerful gravitational pull. These celestial hoops extend some 70,000 to 140,000 kilometres — the equivalent of the width of 30 Earths. Yet, in most places they are very thin — only 90 metres. (With inputs from agencies)

Stargazers beware! Saturn's rings will vanish soon. Here's when

The European Space Agency (ESA) released the first full-color images of the cosmos taken by the Euclid space mission's telescope.

European Space Agency released first images taken by Euclid's telescope

In pics | ESA's Euclid telescope shares jaw-dropping images of distant galaxies

If we could turn back time to 4.6 billion years ago and capture the birth of our Sun on camera, we might find a similar scene to the stunning new image obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

The image shows a star being born, that as per a report by The Guardian is estimated to be no more than 50,000 years old.

<h2>What the image shows</h2>

The image is of HH212, and at the centre of this object is a young star coming into existence.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/beam-me-up-scotty-scientists-to-use-sci-fi-beam-to-get-rid-of-real-space-junk-655715">'Beam me up, Scotty': Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk</a>

As per the report, you can't see the glow from the protostar itself because it is hidden within a sense, spinning disk of gas and dust. Instead, we see pinky-red jets, which can be seen being emitted dramatically in polar opposite directions.

<h2>What is HH212?&nbsp;</h2>

HH212, positioned in the Orion constellation, is situated near the three bright stars constituting the "belt" of the mythical hunter 'Orion'.&nbsp;

Roughly 1,300 light-years away from Earth, this object is a remarkable example of a developing star regulating its own birth through the propulsion of gases.&nbsp;

Talking to the BBC, European Space Agency senior scientific adviser Professor Mark McCaughrean explained, "As the blobby ball of gas at the centre compacts down, it rotates. But if it rotates too fast, it will fly apart, so something has to get rid of the angular momentum."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/forget-glass-ceiling-new-study-finds-women-likely-to-be-set-up-to-fall-off-of-glass-cliff-655791">Forget 'glass ceiling,' new study finds women likely to be set up to fall off of 'glass cliff'</a>

"We think it's jets and outflows. We think that as all the material shrinks down, magnetic fields are pulled together and then some of the material coming in through the disc gets captured in magnetic fields and is thrown out through the poles. That's why we call these structures bi-polar," he added.

The pinky-red hues indicate the presence of molecular hydrogen, while shockwaves course through the outflows, giving them their radiant glow — visible in the picture — at an infrared wavelength of 2.12 microns.&nbsp;

JWST's Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) captured this striking image. Astronomers have been observing HH212 for decades, but the precision of the Webb telescope's view is ten times superior to any previous observation, offering an unprecedented opportunity to understand the intricate processes of star formation.

(With inputs from agencies)

If we could turn back time to 4.6 billion years ago and capture the birth of our Sun on camera, we might find a similar scene to the stunning new image obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

If we could turn back time to 4.6 billion years ago and capture the birth of our Sun on camera, we might find a similar scene to the stunning new image obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The image shows a star being born, that as per a report by The Guardian is estimated to be no more than 50,000 years old. What the image shows The image is of HH212, and at the centre of this object is a young star coming into existence. Also read | 'Beam me up, Scotty': Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk As per the report, you can't see the glow from the protostar itself because it is hidden within a sense, spinning disk of gas and dust. Instead, we see pinky-red jets, which can be seen being emitted dramatically in polar opposite directions. What is HH212? HH212, positioned in the Orion constellation, is situated near the three bright stars constituting the "belt" of the mythical hunter 'Orion'. Roughly 1,300 light-years away from Earth, this object is a remarkable example of a developing star regulating its own birth through the propulsion of gases. Talking to the BBC, European Space Agency senior scientific adviser Professor Mark McCaughrean explained, "As the blobby ball of gas at the centre compacts down, it rotates. But if it rotates too fast, it will fly apart, so something has to get rid of the angular momentum." Also read | Forget 'glass ceiling,' new study finds women likely to be set up to fall off of 'glass cliff' "We think it's jets and outflows. We think that as all the material shrinks down, magnetic fields are pulled together and then some of the material coming in through the disc gets captured in magnetic fields and is thrown out through the poles. That's why we call these structures bi-polar," he added. The pinky-red hues indicate the presence of molecular hydrogen, while shockwaves course through the outflows, giving them their radiant glow — visible in the picture — at an infrared wavelength of 2.12 microns. JWST's Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) captured this striking image. Astronomers have been observing HH212 for decades, but the precision of the Webb telescope's view is ten times superior to any previous observation, offering an unprecedented opportunity to understand the intricate processes of star formation. (With inputs from agencies)

Into the depths of creation: James Webb Space telescope's new image shows spectacular birth of a star

Those people who have a keen interest in space and wish to spot where NASA's International Space Station (ISS) is located in the sky have now been given a digital tool for it. 
 
NASA has released a new app called "Spot The Station" which allows people to see where the ISS is hanging in space. The application can be downloaded for free on Android and iOS devices. 
 
The application is a step ahead in the space agency's already existing official website "Spot the Station". It will have more information and capabilities to enhance the tracking experience of the International Space Station (ISS) for both casual stargazers and NASA acolytes.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-what-exactly-is-nasas-lucy-mission-654833">Explained | What exactly is NASA's Lucy Mission?</a>

Speaking about the application in an official statement, NASA said, "An augmented reality interface makes it easier for users to locate the station and provides options for capturing and sharing pictures and videos of their sightings in real-time. With the power of augmented reality, the app's built-in compass will show you where the space station is — even if you're on the other side of the globe. Users also can sign up for mobile notifications of upcoming viewing opportunities based on their exact location."

<h2>People free to access, modify and customise 'Spot the Station'</h2>

The International Space Station Programme created the application at NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Centre of Excellence for Collaborative Innovation. 
 
This is a special branch of the Prizes, Challenges and Crowdsourcing programme in the Space Technology Mission Directorate of the agency. 
 
The code "Spot the Station" has been open source for public to freely acces it, customise as well as modify it to suit their needs and to provide valuable feedback to developer. 
 
"Even after 23 years of continuous human presence aboard the International Space Station, it's incredibly exciting to see the station when you look up at just the right moment," said Robyn Gatens, International Space Station director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, in the same statement of NASA.

Watch |&nbsp;NASA reveals long-awaited findings of UFO report

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/nasa-reveals-long-awaited-findings-of-ufo-report-latest-news-wion-636031/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"The orbiting laboratory that continues to provide so many unique, tangible benefits for humanity really isn’t that far out of reach,” he added. 
 
"Spot the Station" was released officially just a month before the 25th anniversary of ISS, Zarya and Unity modules had come together on December 6, 1998. 
 
NASA astronaut Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev became the first people to live on a space station on November 2, 2000.

(With inputs from agencies)

 
&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

Those people who have a keen interest in space and wish to spot where NASA's International Space Station (ISS) is located in the sky have now been given a digital tool for it.

Those people who have a keen interest in space and wish to spot where NASA's International Space Station (ISS) is located in the sky have now been given a digital tool for it. NASA has released a new app called "Spot The Station" which allows people to see where the ISS is hanging in space. The application can be downloaded for free on Android and iOS devices. The application is a step ahead in the space agency's already existing official website "Spot the Station". It will have more information and capabilities to enhance the tracking experience of the International Space Station (ISS) for both casual stargazers and NASA acolytes. ALSO READ | Explained | What exactly is NASA's Lucy Mission? Speaking about the application in an official statement, NASA said, "An augmented reality interface makes it easier for users to locate the station and provides options for capturing and sharing pictures and videos of their sightings in real-time. With the power of augmented reality, the app's built-in compass will show you where the space station is — even if you're on the other side of the globe. Users also can sign up for mobile notifications of upcoming viewing opportunities based on their exact location." People free to access, modify and customise 'Spot the Station' The International Space Station Programme created the application at NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Centre of Excellence for Collaborative Innovation. This is a special branch of the Prizes, Challenges and Crowdsourcing programme in the Space Technology Mission Directorate of the agency. The code "Spot the Station" has been open source for public to freely acces it, customise as well as modify it to suit their needs and to provide valuable feedback to developer. "Even after 23 years of continuous human presence aboard the International Space Station, it's incredibly exciting to see the station when you look up at just the right moment," said Robyn Gatens, International Space Station director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, in the same statement of NASA. Watch | NASA reveals long-awaited findings of UFO report "The orbiting laboratory that continues to provide so many unique, tangible benefits for humanity really isn’t that far out of reach,” he added. "Spot the Station" was released officially just a month before the 25th anniversary of ISS, Zarya and Unity modules had come together on December 6, 1998. NASA astronaut Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev became the first people to live on a space station on November 2, 2000. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

'Spot the Station': NASA will now let people check location of space station through mobile app

'Lucy' is probably not a name we'd have first impulse to associate with a space mission. Such missions and spacecrafts, at least those from NASA, have crossing-the-final-frontier sort of names. New Horizons, Voyager, Curiosity, Pathfinder and more such names have a sense of grandeur attached to them.

But Lucy?&nbsp;

We'd first look at our phonebook rather than list of space missions to find such a word.

Even if we keep the cliched Shakespearean quote aside, it needs to be impressed that the neatly named Lucy mission attempts to study something that's much grander than what it has in its name.

We've studied planets are the main aspects of our our Solar System, but the asteroid belt has its own secrets and wonders. Lucy aims to focus on that. Lucy is going to study the Trojan Swarms.

Trojan swarms are chunks that were left over after formation of outer planets in our solar system. They locked in an orbit around the Sun same as that of Jupiter.

Lucy was in news just a couple of days ago, as it flew past an asteroid named Dinkinesh. It was its first asteroid target. And the spacecraft's first discovery was indeed a new discovery.

Scientists thought that Dinkinesh was a single piece of rock. But as Lucy found out, Dinkinesh was made up of two space rocks: one is the main asteroid while the other is a 'moon' around it.

<h2>When was Lucy launched?</h2>

Lucy was launched on October 16, 2021 from Cape Canaveral Space Force station in Florida, USA. A United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket took Lucy to the sky.

<h2>What is on cards for Lucy?</h2>

A flyby of Dinkinesh was not Lucy's final aim. The spacecraft will visit nine other space rocks through 2033.&nbsp;

“The Trojans are the last big population of objects that we have not yet seen close up,” said Thomas Statler, a NASA planetary scientist on the mission. “And Lucy is going to do that for the first time.”

He was quoted by The New York Times.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasas-kepler-telescope-finds-a-new-seven-planet-system-654817">NASA's Kepler telescope finds a new seven-planet system</a>

Asteroids are often regarded as 'fossils' of planet formation as they are largely made of material that was left behind after the eight planets were formed.

And it is believed by scientists that Trojan asteroids are most likely made of the same primordial material that led to formation of outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). They can hence even be considered as 'time capsules' from the time our solar system was forming four billion years ago. Studying these asteroids may give us vital clues about outer planets and even formation of the solar system.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-have-found-another-ice-volcano-on-pluto-654700">Scientists have found another ice-volcano on Pluto</a>

Although Trojan asteroids are clubbed in one group, they differ from one another in their surface composition. This points to a possibility that they formed in different part s of the solar system and then they travelled to their current location as planets formed and evolved. It is possible that these asteroids contain chemical signatures or some other sort of evidence that'll help us understand new corners of our immediate neighbourhood, the Solar System.

<h2>Which asteroids will Lucy fly by?</h2>

Lucy has already flown past one of eight asteroids it was to say 'hi' to.

So the seven asteroids still waiting for Lucy are:

Eurybates 
Queta 
Polymele 
Leucus 
Orus 
Patroclus 
Menoetius&nbsp;

Lucy will study the asteroids with respect to these properties

Surface Geology

As it studies the asteroids, Lucy will map surface, reflectivity and craters. It will also study spatial and size-frequency distribution of these craters.&nbsp;

Surface colour and composition

Lucy will take a look at composition, colour and regolith properties of the asteroid surface to check distribution of minerals ices and organic species. Regolith refers to the surface 'soil' of the asteroid.

Interior properties

Lucy will check mass and density and also study sub-surface composition.

Satellites and rings

Lucy will also keep its 'eyes' open to check if any Trojan asteroid has rings or satellites.

<h2>What will happen when the mission ends?</h2>

According to NASA website, when the mission ends, 'Lucy will continue on a stable orbit, traveling from near Earth’s orbit out to the Trojan swarms. The team has carefully designed the trajectory to ensure that Lucy will not hit Earth or contaminate any place that could have signs of life for more than 100,000 years.'

Wow!

And if humans in that distant future don't decide to bring Lucy back, the massive gravity of Jupiter will likely send the spacecraft into the Sun or out of the Solar System.

Watch | Why are some countries changing their clock timings? Trending on WION

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/why-are-some-countries-changing-their-clock-timings-trending-on-wion-654804/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

And last but not least, why is it named 'Lucy' after all?

NASA missions are famous for pointing to a greater meaning. If not, they at least stand for something.&nbsp;

The careful nomenclature system may appear to have taken a backseat in case of Lucy, as NASA itself says, "Lucy doesn’t stand for anything!"

But name is not without significance. Lucy was a name given to a fossilised human ancestor found in Ethiopia in 1974. The findings revolutionised the scientific understanding of human evolution.&nbsp;

It is expected that the 'Lucy' spacecraft would spark a similar trend but with respect to our solar system. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

'Lucy' is probably not a name we'd have first impulse to associate with a space mission. Such missions and spacecrafts, at least those from NASA, have crossing-the-final-frontier sort of names.

'Lucy' is probably not a name we'd have first impulse to associate with a space mission. Such missions and spacecrafts, at least those from NASA, have crossing-the-final-frontier sort of names. New Horizons, Voyager, Curiosity, Pathfinder and more such names have a sense of grandeur attached to them. But Lucy? We'd first look at our phonebook rather than list of space missions to find such a word. Even if we keep the cliched Shakespearean quote aside, it needs to be impressed that the neatly named Lucy mission attempts to study something that's much grander than what it has in its name. We've studied planets are the main aspects of our our Solar System, but the asteroid belt has its own secrets and wonders. Lucy aims to focus on that. Lucy is going to study the Trojan Swarms. Trojan swarms are chunks that were left over after formation of outer planets in our solar system. They locked in an orbit around the Sun same as that of Jupiter. Lucy was in news just a couple of days ago, as it flew past an asteroid named Dinkinesh. It was its first asteroid target. And the spacecraft's first discovery was indeed a new discovery. Scientists thought that Dinkinesh was a single piece of rock. But as Lucy found out, Dinkinesh was made up of two space rocks: one is the main asteroid while the other is a 'moon' around it. When was Lucy launched? Lucy was launched on October 16, 2021 from Cape Canaveral Space Force station in Florida, USA. A United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket took Lucy to the sky. What is on cards for Lucy? A flyby of Dinkinesh was not Lucy's final aim. The spacecraft will visit nine other space rocks through 2033. “The Trojans are the last big population of objects that we have not yet seen close up,” said Thomas Statler, a NASA planetary scientist on the mission. “And Lucy is going to do that for the first time.” He was quoted by The New York Times. Also Read | NASA's Kepler telescope finds a new seven-planet system Asteroids are often regarded as 'fossils' of planet formation as they are largely made of material that was left behind after the eight planets were formed. And it is believed by scientists that Trojan asteroids are most likely made of the same primordial material that led to formation of outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). They can hence even be considered as 'time capsules' from the time our solar system was forming four billion years ago. Studying these asteroids may give us vital clues about outer planets and even formation of the solar system. Also Read | Scientists have found another ice-volcano on Pluto Although Trojan asteroids are clubbed in one group, they differ from one another in their surface composition. This points to a possibility that they formed in different part s of the solar system and then they travelled to their current location as planets formed and evolved. It is possible that these asteroids contain chemical signatures or some other sort of evidence that'll help us understand new corners of our immediate neighbourhood, the Solar System. Which asteroids will Lucy fly by? Lucy has already flown past one of eight asteroids it was to say 'hi' to. So the seven asteroids still waiting for Lucy are: Eurybates Queta Polymele Leucus Orus Patroclus Menoetius Lucy will study the asteroids with respect to these properties Surface Geology As it studies the asteroids, Lucy will map surface, reflectivity and craters. It will also study spatial and size-frequency distribution of these craters. Surface colour and composition Lucy will take a look at composition, colour and regolith properties of the asteroid surface to check distribution of minerals ices and organic species. Regolith refers to the surface 'soil' of the asteroid. Interior properties Lucy will check mass and density and also study sub-surface composition. Satellites and rings Lucy will also keep its 'eyes' open to check if any Trojan asteroid has rings or satellites. What will happen when the mission ends? According to NASA website, when the mission ends, 'Lucy will continue on a stable orbit, traveling from near Earth’s orbit out to the Trojan swarms. The team has carefully designed the trajectory to ensure that Lucy will not hit Earth or contaminate any place that could have signs of life for more than 100,000 years.' Wow! And if humans in that distant future don't decide to bring Lucy back, the massive gravity of Jupiter will likely send the spacecraft into the Sun or out of the Solar System. Watch | Why are some countries changing their clock timings? Trending on WION × And last but not least, why is it named 'Lucy' after all? NASA missions are famous for pointing to a greater meaning. If not, they at least stand for something. The careful nomenclature system may appear to have taken a backseat in case of Lucy, as NASA itself says, "Lucy doesn’t stand for anything!" But name is not without significance. Lucy was a name given to a fossilised human ancestor found in Ethiopia in 1974. The findings revolutionised the scientific understanding of human evolution. It is expected that the 'Lucy' spacecraft would spark a similar trend but with respect to our solar system. (With inputs from agencies)

Explained | What exactly is NASA's Lucy Mission?

Halloween is a day for all things scary and looks like the Sun got the memo. On Halloween, October 31st, NASA captured a scary-looking video of a vast "canyon of fire" that erupted from the star.

This phenomenon as per Space.com was twice the width of the United States, and it was witnessed happening on the sun's Southern Hemisphere.

<h2>What caused this?</h2>

Behind this 'canyon of fire' was a large magnetic filament eruption from the sun, which generated a vast canyon on the sun, which, as per estimates, was roughly 10,000 kilometres or 6,200 miles wide and about 10 times as long.&nbsp;

Solar filaments, as per the report, are 'colossal' arcs of electrified gas, or plasma, held suspended above the star's surface. Responding to the sun's magnetic field, they snake through its atmosphere.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/the-mysterious-blobs-remnants-of-ancient-moon-forming-object-present-near-earths-core-654107">A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn yrs ago, and so the moon was born</a>

And when the magnetic field becomes unstable, these filaments collapse, which at times results in spectacular explosions, like the one that happened on Halloween.

On social media platform X, solar physicist Keith Strong posted the video along with the caption "The Sun produced a large filament eruption near the SE limb this evening. It was very large, compare it to the size of the Earth (inset)".

"Notice how it starts moving very slowly and gradually accelerates until it becomes unstable and erupts," he added.

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
FILAMENT ERUPTION IN SOUTHEAST. The Sun produced a large filament eruption near the SE limb this evening. It was very large, compare it to the size of the Earth (inset). Notice how it starts moving very slowly and gradually accelerates until it becomes unstable and erupts. <a href="https://t.co/WUljIdGGFd">pic.twitter.com/WUljIdGGFd</a>
— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) <a href="https://twitter.com/drkstrong/status/1719546229426622597?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

<h2>Will it affect the Earth?</h2>

The video of this canyon of fire soon went viral on social media platform X, with people speculating that it may hit our planet and cause some serious damage.

However, as per a NASA model, debris from the explosion will not hit Earth.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-releases-playlist-of-eerie-recordings-from-the-solar-system-654069">NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system</a>

If the eruption had resulted in coronal mass ejection (CME) that was directed at Earth, it would have caused impressive aurora borealis or northern lights in the Northern Hemisphere and the aurora australis or southern lights in the Southern Hemisphere.

(With inputs from agencies)

Halloween is a day for all things scary and looks like the Sun got the memo. On Halloween, October 31st, NASA captured a scary-looking video of a vast "canyon of fire" that erupted from the star.

Halloween is a day for all things scary and looks like the Sun got the memo. On Halloween, October 31st, NASA captured a scary-looking video of a vast "canyon of fire" that erupted from the star. This phenomenon as per Space.com was twice the width of the United States, and it was witnessed happening on the sun's Southern Hemisphere. What caused this? Behind this 'canyon of fire' was a large magnetic filament eruption from the sun, which generated a vast canyon on the sun, which, as per estimates, was roughly 10,000 kilometres or 6,200 miles wide and about 10 times as long. Solar filaments, as per the report, are 'colossal' arcs of electrified gas, or plasma, held suspended above the star's surface. Responding to the sun's magnetic field, they snake through its atmosphere. Also read | A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn yrs ago, and so the moon was born And when the magnetic field becomes unstable, these filaments collapse, which at times results in spectacular explosions, like the one that happened on Halloween. On social media platform X, solar physicist Keith Strong posted the video along with the caption "The Sun produced a large filament eruption near the SE limb this evening. It was very large, compare it to the size of the Earth (inset)". "Notice how it starts moving very slowly and gradually accelerates until it becomes unstable and erupts," he added. FILAMENT ERUPTION IN SOUTHEAST. The Sun produced a large filament eruption near the SE limb this evening. It was very large, compare it to the size of the Earth (inset). Notice how it starts moving very slowly and gradually accelerates until it becomes unstable and erupts. pic.twitter.com/WUljIdGGFd — Keith Strong (@drkstrong) November 1, 2023 × Will it affect the Earth? The video of this canyon of fire soon went viral on social media platform X, with people speculating that it may hit our planet and cause some serious damage. However, as per a NASA model, debris from the explosion will not hit Earth. Also read | NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system If the eruption had resulted in coronal mass ejection (CME) that was directed at Earth, it would have caused impressive aurora borealis or northern lights in the Northern Hemisphere and the aurora australis or southern lights in the Southern Hemisphere. (With inputs from agencies)

Sun marks Halloween with a scary 'canyon of fire' display; NASA captures video. Watch

The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's.

This novel technique, known as data sonification, takes the digital data collected by space instruments and transforms it into sound, said NASA in its<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/multimedia/sonifications/"> report</a>.

NASA has compiled a captivating playlist of these space sonifications, providing a unique auditory experience that offers a fresh perspective on the universe.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nisar-in-a-first-nasa-and-isro-to-collaboratively-launch-earth-observing-satellite-in-2024-654044">Also read |&nbsp;NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024</a>

<h2>NASA's playlist</h2>

From Mercury to Jupiter, NASA's playlist includes eerie sounds captured by the Hubble Space Telescope and other space instruments.

Among these celestial auditory offerings is the haunting resonance of a supermassive black hole, an awe-inspiring sound originating from a location 250 million light years away.

This process of converting light and data into sound is not merely for the sake of creating an auditory spectacle; it serves a crucial scientific purpose.

Data sonification enables scientists to uncover hidden details of the universe that may have otherwise eluded them. For instance, Mars, a planet lacking a robust magnetic field, produces the eerie sounds of its winds as dust devils dance across its dusty terrain.

Jupiter's moons Europa and Ganymede contribute to the cosmic symphony by emitting plasma sounds that resemble robotic blips and bleeps. These intriguing sounds offer valuable insights into the mysterious workings of these celestial bodies.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/guide-for-skygazers-november-night-sky-to-bring-meteor-showers-stunning-views-of-jupiter-and-moon-653961">Also read |&nbsp;Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon</a>

Even our home planet has a place in this cosmic orchestra, offering sounds reminiscent of birdsong or the haunting calls of whales. Saturn, with its majestic rings, contributes a soundscape that could easily be the score of a science fiction movie.

NASA explains the process of converting digital data into sound, where elements from the original image, such as brightness and position, are assigned specific pitches and volumes.

This transformation provides a new way to experience and conceptualise astronomical data.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's.

The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's. This novel technique, known as data sonification, takes the digital data collected by space instruments and transforms it into sound, said NASA in its report. NASA has compiled a captivating playlist of these space sonifications, providing a unique auditory experience that offers a fresh perspective on the universe. Also read | NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024 NASA's playlist From Mercury to Jupiter, NASA's playlist includes eerie sounds captured by the Hubble Space Telescope and other space instruments. Among these celestial auditory offerings is the haunting resonance of a supermassive black hole, an awe-inspiring sound originating from a location 250 million light years away. This process of converting light and data into sound is not merely for the sake of creating an auditory spectacle; it serves a crucial scientific purpose. Data sonification enables scientists to uncover hidden details of the universe that may have otherwise eluded them. For instance, Mars, a planet lacking a robust magnetic field, produces the eerie sounds of its winds as dust devils dance across its dusty terrain. Jupiter's moons Europa and Ganymede contribute to the cosmic symphony by emitting plasma sounds that resemble robotic blips and bleeps. These intriguing sounds offer valuable insights into the mysterious workings of these celestial bodies. Also read | Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon Even our home planet has a place in this cosmic orchestra, offering sounds reminiscent of birdsong or the haunting calls of whales. Saturn, with its majestic rings, contributes a soundscape that could easily be the score of a science fiction movie. NASA explains the process of converting digital data into sound, where elements from the original image, such as brightness and position, are assigned specific pitches and volumes. This transformation provides a new way to experience and conceptualise astronomical data.

NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system

Jupiter, the planet named after the Roman king of gods, in a regal manner protects all life on Earth. However, as per a new study, gas giants like our solar system's Jupiter actually wreak havoc on nearby exoplanets.

According to the study published in The Astronomical Journal, small rocky planets like our Earth may be at risk from gas giants like Jupiter.

<h2>'Wrecking balls'</h2>

In our solar system, Jupiter's massive gravitational field protects Earth and other exoplanets from comets and asteroids by deflecting them away.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/sun-marks-halloween-with-a-scary-canyon-of-fire-display-nasa-captures-video-watch-654176">Sun marks Halloween with a scary 'canyon of fire' display; NASA captures video. Watch</a>

However, not all exoplanets are as lucky. In other solar systems, the gravitational field of giant planets like Jupiter may put them at risk of getting knocked out of their orbits and the habitable zone altogether.

<h2>How can we conclude this?</h2>

To reach this conclusion, scientists studied HD 141399, a star system that contains not just one but four gas giant planets.&nbsp;

HD 141399 is located some 121 light-years away from our solar system in a constellation called Boötes.

As per Stephen Kane, first author of the paper and an astrophysicist at the University of California – Riverside, HD 141399 is a chaotic place where "It's as if they have four Jupiter(s) acting like wrecking balls, throwing everything out of whack."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/the-mysterious-blobs-remnants-of-ancient-moon-forming-object-present-near-earths-core-654107">A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn years ago, and so the moon was born</a>

Using computer simulations, the team tried to see if the gas giants would knock out smaller planets and they found that if Earth was part of that system, we would be unlikely to maintain our place in the Goldilocks aka the habitable zone.&nbsp;

"There are only a select few areas where the giants' gravitational pull would not knock a rocky planet out of its orbit and send it flying right out of the zone," explains Kane.&nbsp;

<h2>Chaotic giants: Might is power</h2>

In a second paper, the same team suggests that Jupiter-like gas giants may be agents of chaos.&nbsp;

Forbes reports that located just 30 light-years from Earth is a planet similar in size but an estimated 10 times in mass, and it is causing gravitational chaos, preventing other smaller planets from orbiting in the habitable zone alongside it.

"Our work gives us more reasons to be very grateful for the planetary configuration we have in our solar system," said Kane. The team also cautioned that this finding may be a warning against assuming that all planets found in the habitable zone of a star are capable of hosting life.

(With inputs from agencies)

Jupiter, the planet named after the Roman king of gods, in a regal manner protects all life on Earth. However, as per a new study, gas giants like our solar system's Jupiter actually wreak havoc on nearby exoplanets.

Jupiter, the planet named after the Roman king of gods, in a regal manner protects all life on Earth. However, as per a new study, gas giants like our solar system's Jupiter actually wreak havoc on nearby exoplanets. According to the study published in The Astronomical Journal, small rocky planets like our Earth may be at risk from gas giants like Jupiter. 'Wrecking balls' In our solar system, Jupiter's massive gravitational field protects Earth and other exoplanets from comets and asteroids by deflecting them away. Also read | Sun marks Halloween with a scary 'canyon of fire' display; NASA captures video. Watch However, not all exoplanets are as lucky. In other solar systems, the gravitational field of giant planets like Jupiter may put them at risk of getting knocked out of their orbits and the habitable zone altogether. How can we conclude this? To reach this conclusion, scientists studied HD 141399, a star system that contains not just one but four gas giant planets. HD 141399 is located some 121 light-years away from our solar system in a constellation called Boötes. As per Stephen Kane, first author of the paper and an astrophysicist at the University of California – Riverside, HD 141399 is a chaotic place where "It's as if they have four Jupiter(s) acting like wrecking balls, throwing everything out of whack." Also read | A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn years ago, and so the moon was born Using computer simulations, the team tried to see if the gas giants would knock out smaller planets and they found that if Earth was part of that system, we would be unlikely to maintain our place in the Goldilocks aka the habitable zone. "There are only a select few areas where the giants' gravitational pull would not knock a rocky planet out of its orbit and send it flying right out of the zone," explains Kane. Chaotic giants: Might is power In a second paper, the same team suggests that Jupiter-like gas giants may be agents of chaos. Forbes reports that located just 30 light-years from Earth is a planet similar in size but an estimated 10 times in mass, and it is causing gravitational chaos, preventing other smaller planets from orbiting in the habitable zone alongside it. "Our work gives us more reasons to be very grateful for the planetary configuration we have in our solar system," said Kane. The team also cautioned that this finding may be a warning against assuming that all planets found in the habitable zone of a star are capable of hosting life. (With inputs from agencies)

'Gods of chaos': Jupiter protects us, but similar gas giants whack other Earth-like planets

For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission.

The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Set to launch in 2024, NISAR will revolutionise Earth's surveillance by continuously scanning the planet's surface with radar, providing valuable insights into changes over time.

The NISAR satellite will conduct a comprehensive scan of Earth's land and ice surfaces every 12 days, completing two cycles during that time frame.

This remarkable capability is made possible by equipping the satellite with two distinct synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. NASA is responsible for the L-band SAR, while ISRO handles the S-band SAR, utilizing radio waves of shorter wavelengths.

By employing different wavelengths, NISAR aims to deliver a thorough understanding of the planet's evolving landscapes.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/guide-for-skygazers-november-night-sky-to-bring-meteor-showers-stunning-views-of-jupiter-and-moon-653961">Also read |&nbsp;Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon</a>

<h2>Unprecedented insights into forests and wetlands</h2>

NISAR's primary focus will be Earth's forests and wetlands, of particular interest to climate scientists.

These ecosystems play a critical role as carbon sinks, sequestering carbon that would otherwise contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

However, human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and urban expansion encroach upon these vital ecosystems, diminishing their carbon storage potential.

It is estimated that land use changes, including these alterations, account for approximately 11 per cent&nbsp;of global carbon emissions.

The NISAR satellite is scheduled for launch in early 2024 from ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Center in southern India.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-juno-observes-mineral-salts-organic-treasures-on-jupiters-moon-ganymede-653935">Also read |&nbsp;NASA's Juno observes mineral salts, organic treasures on Jupiter’s moon Ganymede</a>

This collaborative effort between NASA and ISRO signifies a groundbreaking partnership aimed at advancing our understanding of Earth's changing landscapes and ecosystems.

NISAR's observations will be instrumental in addressing critical environmental challenges and bolstering efforts to mitigate climate change's impact on our planet. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Set to launch in 2024, NISAR will revolutionise Earth's surveillance by continuously scanning the planet's surface with radar, providing valuable insights into changes over time. The NISAR satellite will conduct a comprehensive scan of Earth's land and ice surfaces every 12 days, completing two cycles during that time frame. This remarkable capability is made possible by equipping the satellite with two distinct synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. NASA is responsible for the L-band SAR, while ISRO handles the S-band SAR, utilizing radio waves of shorter wavelengths. By employing different wavelengths, NISAR aims to deliver a thorough understanding of the planet's evolving landscapes. Also read | Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon Unprecedented insights into forests and wetlands NISAR's primary focus will be Earth's forests and wetlands, of particular interest to climate scientists. These ecosystems play a critical role as carbon sinks, sequestering carbon that would otherwise contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. However, human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and urban expansion encroach upon these vital ecosystems, diminishing their carbon storage potential. It is estimated that land use changes, including these alterations, account for approximately 11 per cent of global carbon emissions. The NISAR satellite is scheduled for launch in early 2024 from ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Center in southern India. Also read | NASA's Juno observes mineral salts, organic treasures on Jupiter’s moon Ganymede This collaborative effort between NASA and ISRO signifies a groundbreaking partnership aimed at advancing our understanding of Earth's changing landscapes and ecosystems. NISAR's observations will be instrumental in addressing critical environmental challenges and bolstering efforts to mitigate climate change's impact on our planet. (With inputs from agencies)

NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024

Mars is a fascinating, exotic territory yet to be properly explored by humanity. While we have sent rovers to the red planet, humans are yet to set foot on the alien land.&nbsp;

Planned future missions to find water ice on the planet aim to rectify that. However, a question that remains to be answered is where exactly on the red planet should they land to do this? A recent map might help mission planners answer this question.

<h2>A treasure map to Mars' water ice</h2>

The Subsurface Water Ice Mapping (SWIM), a NASA-funded project, has released its fourth and the more recent map of the prospective locations of subsurface water ice on Mars. This, as per NASA officials, will help mission planners decide where exactly to send the first humans to Mars.

<img alt="NASA mars ice map" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="57296e9a-4e8a-4f80-8969-fde1b2cd3d8d" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/New%20wion%20%2834%29.jpg" />

<h5>The blue areas on this map of Mars are regions where NASA missions have detected subsurface water ice (from the equator to 60 degrees north latitude). Scientists can use the map-part of the Subsurface Water Ice Mapping project to decide where the first astronauts to set foot on the Red Planet should land. (Image source:&nbsp;NASA/JPL-Caltech/Planetary Science&nbsp;Institute)</h5>

For this map, scientists used data from instruments abroad in the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These instruments — Context Camera (CTX) and High Resolution Imaging Experiment (HIRISE) — provided high resolution imagery of the Martian terrain, reports Science Alert.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-curiosity-rover-finds-evidence-mars-was-once-a-planet-of-rivers-651444">Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers'</a>

<h2>Why is this important?</h2>

To put it simply, "The map could help the agency decide where the first astronauts to the Red Planet should land. The more available water, the less missions will need to bring."

As per a statement on the NASA website, ice buried on Mars will be a vital source for humans on Mars, serving both as drinking water and a key ingredient for rocket fuel.

Furthermore, these prospective locations of buried ice could one day help us know more about the red planet. Astronauts or robots could drill ice cores, that could help uncover "the climate history of Mars and exploring potential habitats (past or present) for microbial life."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-perseverance-rover-captures-footage-of-martian-dust-devil-642359">A two-kilometre-tall 'dust devil' has been caught on camera, but not on Earth</a>

While locations with buried ice may be the best locations for landing humans on Mars, scientists don't want astronauts to go to locations that are too chilly. This is because cold will lead to the crew using up "precious energy" to stay warm.

"If you send humans to Mars, you want to get them as close to the equator as you can," said Sydney Do, SWIM's project manager, said in a statement. Hence, as per Sydney, an ideal spot would be a patch that has accessible ice but with as low a latitude as possible. Martian ice maps will help navigate this dilemma and decide on the apt location for human landing.

(With inputs from agencies) 
 
&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

Mars is a fascinating, exotic territory yet to be properly explored by humanity. While we have sent rovers to the red planet, humans are yet to set foot on the alien land.

Mars is a fascinating, exotic territory yet to be properly explored by humanity. While we have sent rovers to the red planet, humans are yet to set foot on the alien land. Planned future missions to find water ice on the planet aim to rectify that. However, a question that remains to be answered is where exactly on the red planet should they land to do this? A recent map might help mission planners answer this question. A treasure map to Mars' water ice The Subsurface Water Ice Mapping (SWIM), a NASA-funded project, has released its fourth and the more recent map of the prospective locations of subsurface water ice on Mars. This, as per NASA officials, will help mission planners decide where exactly to send the first humans to Mars. The blue areas on this map of Mars are regions where NASA missions have detected subsurface water ice (from the equator to 60 degrees north latitude). Scientists can use the map-part of the Subsurface Water Ice Mapping project to decide where the first astronauts to set foot on the Red Planet should land. (Image source: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Planetary Science Institute) For this map, scientists used data from instruments abroad in the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These instruments — Context Camera (CTX) and High Resolution Imaging Experiment (HIRISE) — provided high resolution imagery of the Martian terrain, reports Science Alert. Also read | Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers' Why is this important? To put it simply, "The map could help the agency decide where the first astronauts to the Red Planet should land. The more available water, the less missions will need to bring." As per a statement on the NASA website, ice buried on Mars will be a vital source for humans on Mars, serving both as drinking water and a key ingredient for rocket fuel. Furthermore, these prospective locations of buried ice could one day help us know more about the red planet. Astronauts or robots could drill ice cores, that could help uncover "the climate history of Mars and exploring potential habitats (past or present) for microbial life." Also read | A two-kilometre-tall 'dust devil' has been caught on camera, but not on Earth While locations with buried ice may be the best locations for landing humans on Mars, scientists don't want astronauts to go to locations that are too chilly. This is because cold will lead to the crew using up "precious energy" to stay warm. "If you send humans to Mars, you want to get them as close to the equator as you can," said Sydney Do, SWIM's project manager, said in a statement. Hence, as per Sydney, an ideal spot would be a patch that has accessible ice but with as low a latitude as possible. Martian ice maps will help navigate this dilemma and decide on the apt location for human landing. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Where exactly on Mars should humans go? NASA scientists release a map

We often hear that the Universe is expanding and that expansion is even accelerating. But scientists are now saying that something mysterious is slowing the rate of growth. In other words, the growth is not taking place as fast as previously believed.

But before we turn to the actual study, a little lesson about what this study is about.

This study deals with 'large-scale structures' in the Universe. These are largest known structure in the universe and are made up of gas and Dark Matter. The large-scale structures take form of 'filaments' that make up what's known as the cosmic web.

The large-scale structures can be considered to be 'pipes' inside which galaxies travel through space. These pipes or filaments as they are actually called, intersect with each other and form the cosmic web.

Watch | SpaceX plans to launch 144 missions in 2024

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/spacex-plans-to-launch-144-missions-in-2024-650379/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

The study says that these large-scale structures are not growing at an expected rate that's predicted by standard model of cosmology.

The study has been carried out by scientists at University of Michigan. Minh Nguyen an astrophysicist and cosmologist at the university, who led the team of scientists says that growth of the large-scale structures has been suppressed in modern era of the universe.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/supermassive-black-hole-blasts-570-light-year-long-twisted-jet-of-plasma-652650">Supermassive black hole blasts 570-light-year-long twisted jet of plasma</a>

Vice News has said that the study has been published in Physical Review Letters.

“We did not set out to look for evidence of a late-time suppression specifically,” said Nguyen in an email to Motherboard. “Our original intention was to see whether the history of the cosmic background expansion is consistent with the history of cosmic structure growth.”

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/auroras-make-celestial-light-show-on-uranus-possible-scientists-find-652347">Auroras make celestial light show on Uranus possible, scientists find</a>

"The universe has always been expanding, and lately the expansion has accelerated,” he continued. “This expansion has always acted as a ‘friction’ against the growth of cosmic structures (while gravity has the opposite effect to growth). Therefore—even within the standard model—we also expect growth to be suppressed..." 
 
&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

&nbsp;

We often hear that the Universe is expanding and that expansion is even accelerating. But scientists are now saying that something mysterious is slowing the rate of growth.

We often hear that the Universe is expanding and that expansion is even accelerating. But scientists are now saying that something mysterious is slowing the rate of growth. In other words, the growth is not taking place as fast as previously believed. But before we turn to the actual study, a little lesson about what this study is about. This study deals with 'large-scale structures' in the Universe. These are largest known structure in the universe and are made up of gas and Dark Matter. The large-scale structures take form of 'filaments' that make up what's known as the cosmic web. The large-scale structures can be considered to be 'pipes' inside which galaxies travel through space. These pipes or filaments as they are actually called, intersect with each other and form the cosmic web. Watch | SpaceX plans to launch 144 missions in 2024 × The study says that these large-scale structures are not growing at an expected rate that's predicted by standard model of cosmology. The study has been carried out by scientists at University of Michigan. Minh Nguyen an astrophysicist and cosmologist at the university, who led the team of scientists says that growth of the large-scale structures has been suppressed in modern era of the universe. Also Read | Supermassive black hole blasts 570-light-year-long twisted jet of plasma Vice News has said that the study has been published in Physical Review Letters. “We did not set out to look for evidence of a late-time suppression specifically,” said Nguyen in an email to Motherboard. “Our original intention was to see whether the history of the cosmic background expansion is consistent with the history of cosmic structure growth.” Also Read | Auroras make celestial light show on Uranus possible, scientists find "The universe has always been expanding, and lately the expansion has accelerated,” he continued. “This expansion has always acted as a ‘friction’ against the growth of cosmic structures (while gravity has the opposite effect to growth). Therefore—even within the standard model—we also expect growth to be suppressed..." WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Something strange is suppressing growth of the universe, says study

A groundbreaking&nbsp;study conducted by Japanese scientists, including Professor Teruhiko Wakayama from the University of Yamanashi's Advanced Biotechnology Centre and a team from the Japan Aerospace Space Agency (JAXA), has successfully grown mouse embryos on the International Space Station (ISS).

This experiment marks a crucial step toward understanding the feasibility of human reproduction in space.

In August 2021, a rocket carried frozen mouse embryos to the ISS as part of this pioneering research, reported AFP. Once in orbit, astronauts used a specialised device to thaw these early-stage embryos and subsequently cultivated them in the microgravity environment of the space station for four days.

The study's findings reveal that the embryos developed normally in microgravity conditions. The embryos progressed into blastocysts, which are the precursor cells responsible for forming the fetus and placenta. This significant outcome indicates that gravity had no substantial impact on their development.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-what-is-starlink-the-ambitious-global-internet-service-of-elon-musk-652569">Also read |&nbsp;Explained | What is Starlink, the ambitious global internet service of Elon Musk</a>

<h2>Genetic stability confirmed</h2>

Furthermore, an analysis of the blastocysts retrieved from the ISS showed no significant alterations in DNA or gene conditions. This suggests that the microgravity environment did not adversely affect the embryos' genetic stability.

The University of Yamanashi and national research institute Riken jointly declared this study as "the first-ever study that shows mammals may be able to thrive in space." This marks "the world's first experiment that cultured early-stage mammalian embryos under complete microgravity of ISS."

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/supermassive-black-hole-blasts-570-light-year-long-twisted-jet-of-plasma-652650">Also read |&nbsp;Supermassive black hole blasts 570-light-year-long twisted jet of plasma</a>

To ascertain the viability of these embryos, the next step involves transplanting them into mice to determine if normal births can occur. Such research carries significant implications for future space exploration and colonisation plans.

The success of this experiment holds relevance to NASA's Artemis programme, which aims to return humans to the Moon as a stepping stone for eventual Mars missions.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies) 
 
&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

<iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe>

A groundbreaking study conducted by Japanese scientists, including Professor Teruhiko Wakayama from the University of Yamanashi's Advanced Biotechnology Centre and a team from the Japan Aerospace Space Agency (JAXA), has successfully grown mouse embryos on the International Space Station (ISS).

A groundbreaking study conducted by Japanese scientists, including Professor Teruhiko Wakayama from the University of Yamanashi's Advanced Biotechnology Centre and a team from the Japan Aerospace Space Agency (JAXA), has successfully grown mouse embryos on the International Space Station (ISS). This experiment marks a crucial step toward understanding the feasibility of human reproduction in space. In August 2021, a rocket carried frozen mouse embryos to the ISS as part of this pioneering research, reported AFP. Once in orbit, astronauts used a specialised device to thaw these early-stage embryos and subsequently cultivated them in the microgravity environment of the space station for four days. The study's findings reveal that the embryos developed normally in microgravity conditions. The embryos progressed into blastocysts, which are the precursor cells responsible for forming the fetus and placenta. This significant outcome indicates that gravity had no substantial impact on their development. Also read | Explained | What is Starlink, the ambitious global internet service of Elon Musk Genetic stability confirmed Furthermore, an analysis of the blastocysts retrieved from the ISS showed no significant alterations in DNA or gene conditions. This suggests that the microgravity environment did not adversely affect the embryos' genetic stability. The University of Yamanashi and national research institute Riken jointly declared this study as "the first-ever study that shows mammals may be able to thrive in space." This marks "the world's first experiment that cultured early-stage mammalian embryos under complete microgravity of ISS." Also read | Supermassive black hole blasts 570-light-year-long twisted jet of plasma To ascertain the viability of these embryos, the next step involves transplanting them into mice to determine if normal births can occur. Such research carries significant implications for future space exploration and colonisation plans. The success of this experiment holds relevance to NASA's Artemis programme, which aims to return humans to the Moon as a stepping stone for eventual Mars missions. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Scientists grow mouse embryos in space, pave way for human reproduction research

After the Russian section of the International Space Station (ISS) experienced a radiator coolant leak on October 9, two cosmonauts in a spacewalk sought to investigate it.&nbsp;During the spacewalk, cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub of the Russian space agency Roscosmos conducted their extravehicular activity (EVA) with the primary objective of identifying and documenting the radiator responsible for the leak.

As they approached the radiator, Kononenko came so close that his tether got contaminated by the pooling ammonia, also known as 'blob' or 'droplet'. As a result, the tether had to be secured in a bag and left outside the ISS when the spacewalk concluded.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-develop-a-vaccine-for-cocaine-heres-how-it-works-651343">Scientists develop a vaccine for cocaine. Here's how it works</a>

The cosmonauts began their mission by isolating and photographing the radiator.

This involved configuring valves to disconnect the radiator from its ammonia supply, which was serving as a backup to the main body radiator regulating the temperature in Russia's Nauka multipurpose laboratory module.

After completing this task, they found a growing deposit of liquid coolant. Kononenko noticed numerous small holes on the radiator's surface, describing them as "very even edges, like they've been drilled through."

<h2>Contaminant management</h2>

Given the potential contact with the coolant, the cosmonauts were well-prepared. They had tissues and cloths at hand to clean their spacesuits and tools, ensuring that they did not bring any toxic material back inside the space station.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/china-to-send-youngest-ever-astronaut-crew-to-tiangong-space-station-651150">China to send youngest-ever astronaut crew to Tiangong space station</a>

Russian engineers on the ground will now utilise this data collected during the spacewalk to further investigate the cause of the coolant leak and determine the necessary steps to restore the radiator for future use.

The spacewalk, lasting 7 hours and 41 minutes, concluded with the closing of the hatch to the Poisk module airlock at 9:30 p.m. EDT (0130 GMT on Oct. 26).

This mission marked the 268th spacewalk in support of space station assembly, maintenance, and upgrades.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

After the Russian section of the International Space Station (ISS) experienced a radiator coolant leak on October 9, two cosmonauts in a spacewalk sought to investigate it.

After the Russian section of the International Space Station (ISS) experienced a radiator coolant leak on October 9, two cosmonauts in a spacewalk sought to investigate it. During the spacewalk, cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub of the Russian space agency Roscosmos conducted their extravehicular activity (EVA) with the primary objective of identifying and documenting the radiator responsible for the leak. As they approached the radiator, Kononenko came so close that his tether got contaminated by the pooling ammonia, also known as 'blob' or 'droplet'. As a result, the tether had to be secured in a bag and left outside the ISS when the spacewalk concluded. Also Read | Scientists develop a vaccine for cocaine. Here's how it works The cosmonauts began their mission by isolating and photographing the radiator. This involved configuring valves to disconnect the radiator from its ammonia supply, which was serving as a backup to the main body radiator regulating the temperature in Russia's Nauka multipurpose laboratory module. After completing this task, they found a growing deposit of liquid coolant. Kononenko noticed numerous small holes on the radiator's surface, describing them as "very even edges, like they've been drilled through." Contaminant management Given the potential contact with the coolant, the cosmonauts were well-prepared. They had tissues and cloths at hand to clean their spacesuits and tools, ensuring that they did not bring any toxic material back inside the space station. Also Read | China to send youngest-ever astronaut crew to Tiangong space station Russian engineers on the ground will now utilise this data collected during the spacewalk to further investigate the cause of the coolant leak and determine the necessary steps to restore the radiator for future use. The spacewalk, lasting 7 hours and 41 minutes, concluded with the closing of the hatch to the Poisk module airlock at 9:30 p.m. EDT (0130 GMT on Oct. 26). This mission marked the 268th spacewalk in support of space station assembly, maintenance, and upgrades. (With inputs from agencies)

Russian cosmonauts on ISS spacewalk find 'blob' while inspecting radiator coolant leak

NASA is gearing up to launch its most ambitious alien world exploration ever: another ocean world. The US space agency in 2027 will launch its only mission to explore such a world.&nbsp;

Using NASA's Dragonfly rotorcraft lander, the mission will explore Saturn's moon Titan "with its dense atmosphere and low gravity," which as per the space agency is "a great place to fly." Here's all you need to know about the upcoming NASA mission to Luna Saturni, or&nbsp;"moon of Saturn".

<h2>Dragonfly</h2>

NASA's Dragonfly is a nuclear-powered, car-sized drone that is "designed to investigate the complex chemistry that is the precursor to life."

The mission, which is expected to last for nearly three years, will study how organic compounds formed, and if Saturn's moon currently has or ever had life.

It will be equipped with cameras, sensors and samplers that will examine Titan's dense, nitrogen-rich atmosphere, which is known to contain organic material that scientists believe may have come in contact with liquid water beneath its organic-rich, icy surface.

Dragonfly is scheduled to launch around 2027, and it is expected to reach Titan by the mid-2030s.&nbsp;

<h2>Will it be able to bear Titan's unique atmosphere?</h2>

To test Dragonfly, mission engineers have already conducted two test campaigns in NASA Langley’s 14-by-22-foot Subsonic Tunnel, and two in the 16-foot Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT).&nbsp;

As per Ken Hibbard, Dragonfly mission systems engineer at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), "All of these tests feed into our Dragonfly Titan simulations and performance predictions".

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-curiosity-rover-finds-evidence-mars-was-once-a-planet-of-rivers-651444">Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers'</a>

"With Dragonfly, we're turning science fiction into exploration fact," said Hibbard, as per a statement on the NASA website.

He added that "the mission is coming together piece by piece, and we're excited for every next step toward sending this revolutionary rotorcraft across the skies and surface of Titan."

They've been conducting test campaigns at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Researchers have made attempts to assess the vehicle's aerodynamic performance in harsh, unique conditions anticipating what Dragonfly will have to face during the various stages of the mission.

Recently, in one of its latest tests, the team behind Dragonfly set up a half-scale lander model of the spacecraft. This was used to test the space vehicle's descent once it arrives on Titan and its flight over the surface.

"We tested conditions across the expected flight envelope at a variety of wind speeds, rotor speeds and flight angles to assess the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle," test lead Bernadine Juliano of the APL said in a statement on NASA's website.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-develop-a-vaccine-for-cocaine-heres-how-it-works-651343">Scientists develop a vaccine for cocaine. Here's how it works</a>

"We completed more than 700 total runs, encompassing over 4,000 individual data points. All test objectives were successfully accomplished, and the data will help increase confidence in our simulation models on Earth before extrapolating to Titan conditions," Juliano said.

<h2>Why is NASA sending Dragonfly to Saturn's moon?</h2>

Titan is the only moon in our solar system that has a thick atmosphere, about four times as dense as Earth's. A celestial body's atmosphere is very important. For example, on Earth it protects us from the Sun's radiation. It also helps maintain and circulate heat and distribute gases that nourish and sustain life.

What's more? Titan's atmosphere is similar to Earth's. While our planet's atmosphere has 78 per cent nitrogen, Titan's is mainly made of nitrogen — about 95 per cent, along with five per cent methane. However, a notable difference is that while Earth's atmosphere has 21 per cent oxygen, Saturn's moon has none.

As per NASA, it only takes methane and nitrogen to "unleash a complex web of organic chemistry that makes Titan unique and interesting to scientists."

Given that microorganisms can survive the most extreme environments imaginable, scientists are yet to rule out the existence of exotic life forms that may survive the liquid methane environment.

Additionally, Titan's terrain as we know it is "eerily" similar to our planet Earth's. However, on closer inspection, "every familiar feature has an exotic trait".

The similarities don't end there. As per NASA, Titan is carved by huge flowing rivers and lakes that, instead of water, hold methane.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/researchers-say-a-surprise-layer-of-molten-rock-envelops-marss-liquid-metal-core-651517">Researchers say a surprise layer of molten rock envelops Mars' liquid-metal core</a>

Furthermore, it has rocks that look like ours but are made of water ice that stays frozen because of the celestial body's cold weather.

Previously, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a radio telescope observatory in Chile, scientists found C3H2, or cyclopropenylidene in Titan's atmosphere. This carbon-based molecule that has never been identified in any other atmosphere. Scientists believe that the find may be a precursor to more complex compounds that could form or feed possible life on Saturn's moon.

All these things point to the probability that Titan may hold fascinating secrets about alien life forms.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

NASA is gearing up to launch its most ambitious alien world exploration ever: another ocean world. The US space agency in 2027 will launch its only mission to explore such a world.

NASA is gearing up to launch its most ambitious alien world exploration ever: another ocean world. The US space agency in 2027 will launch its only mission to explore such a world. Using NASA's Dragonfly rotorcraft lander, the mission will explore Saturn's moon Titan "with its dense atmosphere and low gravity," which as per the space agency is "a great place to fly." Here's all you need to know about the upcoming NASA mission to Luna Saturni, or "moon of Saturn". Dragonfly NASA's Dragonfly is a nuclear-powered, car-sized drone that is "designed to investigate the complex chemistry that is the precursor to life." The mission, which is expected to last for nearly three years, will study how organic compounds formed, and if Saturn's moon currently has or ever had life. It will be equipped with cameras, sensors and samplers that will examine Titan's dense, nitrogen-rich atmosphere, which is known to contain organic material that scientists believe may have come in contact with liquid water beneath its organic-rich, icy surface. Dragonfly is scheduled to launch around 2027, and it is expected to reach Titan by the mid-2030s. Will it be able to bear Titan's unique atmosphere? To test Dragonfly, mission engineers have already conducted two test campaigns in NASA Langley’s 14-by-22-foot Subsonic Tunnel, and two in the 16-foot Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT). As per Ken Hibbard, Dragonfly mission systems engineer at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), "All of these tests feed into our Dragonfly Titan simulations and performance predictions". Also read | Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers' "With Dragonfly, we're turning science fiction into exploration fact," said Hibbard, as per a statement on the NASA website. He added that "the mission is coming together piece by piece, and we're excited for every next step toward sending this revolutionary rotorcraft across the skies and surface of Titan." They've been conducting test campaigns at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Researchers have made attempts to assess the vehicle's aerodynamic performance in harsh, unique conditions anticipating what Dragonfly will have to face during the various stages of the mission. Recently, in one of its latest tests, the team behind Dragonfly set up a half-scale lander model of the spacecraft. This was used to test the space vehicle's descent once it arrives on Titan and its flight over the surface. "We tested conditions across the expected flight envelope at a variety of wind speeds, rotor speeds and flight angles to assess the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle," test lead Bernadine Juliano of the APL said in a statement on NASA's website. Also read | Scientists develop a vaccine for cocaine. Here's how it works "We completed more than 700 total runs, encompassing over 4,000 individual data points. All test objectives were successfully accomplished, and the data will help increase confidence in our simulation models on Earth before extrapolating to Titan conditions," Juliano said. Why is NASA sending Dragonfly to Saturn's moon? Titan is the only moon in our solar system that has a thick atmosphere, about four times as dense as Earth's. A celestial body's atmosphere is very important. For example, on Earth it protects us from the Sun's radiation. It also helps maintain and circulate heat and distribute gases that nourish and sustain life. What's more? Titan's atmosphere is similar to Earth's. While our planet's atmosphere has 78 per cent nitrogen, Titan's is mainly made of nitrogen — about 95 per cent, along with five per cent methane. However, a notable difference is that while Earth's atmosphere has 21 per cent oxygen, Saturn's moon has none. As per NASA, it only takes methane and nitrogen to "unleash a complex web of organic chemistry that makes Titan unique and interesting to scientists." Given that microorganisms can survive the most extreme environments imaginable, scientists are yet to rule out the existence of exotic life forms that may survive the liquid methane environment. Additionally, Titan's terrain as we know it is "eerily" similar to our planet Earth's. However, on closer inspection, "every familiar feature has an exotic trait". The similarities don't end there. As per NASA, Titan is carved by huge flowing rivers and lakes that, instead of water, hold methane. Also read | Researchers say a surprise layer of molten rock envelops Mars' liquid-metal core Furthermore, it has rocks that look like ours but are made of water ice that stays frozen because of the celestial body's cold weather. Previously, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a radio telescope observatory in Chile, scientists found C3H2, or cyclopropenylidene in Titan's atmosphere. This carbon-based molecule that has never been identified in any other atmosphere. Scientists believe that the find may be a precursor to more complex compounds that could form or feed possible life on Saturn's moon. All these things point to the probability that Titan may hold fascinating secrets about alien life forms. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Explained: NASA to send 'nuclear-powered' Dragonfly to Saturn's moon Titan. Here's all you need to know

China on Thursday (Oct 26) launched its youngest-ever crew of astronauts to the Tiangong space station, marking a significant advancement in the country's space ambitions for the future.&nbsp;

The three-passenger Shenzhou-17 or Divine Vessel lifted off atop a Long March-2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China at 11:14 pm EDT (8:44 am IST).

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/china-to-send-youngest-ever-astronaut-crew-to-tiangong-space-station-651150">Also read |&nbsp;China to send youngest-ever astronaut crew to Tiangong space station</a>

The China National Space Administration said the spacecraft separated from the launch vehicle 10 minutes into the flight as planned, and declared the launch "a complete success."

The six-month mission is led by former Air Force pilot Tang Hongbo, 48, who was on the crewed mission to the space station in 2021. He was from the second batch of astronauts in 2010 and had to wait for over a decade before he was picked. Hongbong's return to Tiangong set a new record for the shortest interval between two spaceflight missions by the astronauts.&nbsp;

His fellow&nbsp;crew members Tang Shengjie, 33, and Jiang Xinline, 35, are both travelling to space for the first time. The two joined the space mission in September 2020. 
&nbsp; 
In a pre-launch press conference, Tang said, "The space station is another home for us on the journey from Earth to the vast universe. In order to return to space, in the past two years, I have raced against time to complete physical and mental recovery while carrying out studies and training."

Selection process for foreign astronauts

China has now already started the selection process for the fourth batch of astronauts, seeking candidates with doctoral degrees in disciplines from biology, physics, chemistry, biomedical engineering and astronomy. The country is also welcoming applications from Hong Kong and Macau for the first time.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/russian-cosmonauts-on-iss-spacewalk-finds-blob-while-inspecting-radiator-coolant-leak-651370">Russian cosmonauts on ISS spacewalk find 'blob' while inspecting radiator coolant leak</a>

The selection and training process for the upcoming missions will commence soon for foreign astronauts to participate in joint flights to Tiangong, a senior official said.&nbsp;

China's Tiangong has become a symbol of the country's growing confidence in its space endeavours after being shut out of the ISS programme for years. But now, the NASA-led International Space Station (ISS), where English is the working language, is making an exception for Chinese to be used in Tianong, making it a skill for foreign participants.&nbsp;

The Shenzhou-17 is China's 12th crewed mission and the crew&nbsp;will replace the Shenzhou-16 crew, who arrived at Tiangong at the end of May.

(With inputs from agencies)

China on Thursday (Oct 26) launched its youngest-ever crew of astronauts to the Tiangong space station, marking a significant advancement in the country's space ambitions for the future.

China on Thursday (Oct 26) launched its youngest-ever crew of astronauts to the Tiangong space station, marking a significant advancement in the country's space ambitions for the future. The three-passenger Shenzhou-17 or Divine Vessel lifted off atop a Long March-2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China at 11:14 pm EDT (8:44 am IST). Also read | China to send youngest-ever astronaut crew to Tiangong space station The China National Space Administration said the spacecraft separated from the launch vehicle 10 minutes into the flight as planned, and declared the launch "a complete success." The six-month mission is led by former Air Force pilot Tang Hongbo, 48, who was on the crewed mission to the space station in 2021. He was from the second batch of astronauts in 2010 and had to wait for over a decade before he was picked. Hongbong's return to Tiangong set a new record for the shortest interval between two spaceflight missions by the astronauts. His fellow crew members Tang Shengjie, 33, and Jiang Xinline, 35, are both travelling to space for the first time. The two joined the space mission in September 2020. In a pre-launch press conference, Tang said, "The space station is another home for us on the journey from Earth to the vast universe. In order to return to space, in the past two years, I have raced against time to complete physical and mental recovery while carrying out studies and training." Selection process for foreign astronauts China has now already started the selection process for the fourth batch of astronauts, seeking candidates with doctoral degrees in disciplines from biology, physics, chemistry, biomedical engineering and astronomy. The country is also welcoming applications from Hong Kong and Macau for the first time. Also read | Russian cosmonauts on ISS spacewalk find 'blob' while inspecting radiator coolant leak The selection and training process for the upcoming missions will commence soon for foreign astronauts to participate in joint flights to Tiangong, a senior official said. China's Tiangong has become a symbol of the country's growing confidence in its space endeavours after being shut out of the ISS programme for years. But now, the NASA-led International Space Station (ISS), where English is the working language, is making an exception for Chinese to be used in Tianong, making it a skill for foreign participants. The Shenzhou-17 is China's 12th crewed mission and the crew will replace the Shenzhou-16 crew, who arrived at Tiangong at the end of May. (With inputs from agencies)

China's Shenzhou-17 takes off for Tiangong space station with youngest-ever crew

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has found more evidence that points towards the existence of life on Mars… once upon a time.&nbsp;

A team of researchers examining data collected by NASA's curiosity has deduced that the planet in ancient times had a huge network of rivers flowing with life-giving water. They have published their findings&nbsp;in Geophysical Research Letters.

<h2>'Planet of rivers'</h2>

"We're finding evidence that Mars was likely a planet of rivers," said the research's lead author, Benjamin Cardenas, a geoscientist at Penn State University.

Cardenas and his team reached this conclusion after analysing a combination of images from the Curiosity rover, scans of sedimentary rock beneath the Gulf of Mexico on Earth and several computer simulations.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-develop-a-vaccine-for-cocaine-heres-how-it-works-651343">Scientists develop a vaccine for cocaine. Here's how it works</a>

Using these, they identified the ancient, eroded remnants of rivers in many Mars craters.

Curiosity rover identified specific landforms called bench-and-nose features; here steep and shallow slopes are called 'benches,' while shortened ridges are called 'noses'.&nbsp;

They form when sedimentary material laid down in channels by rivers is subsequently eroded by prevailing winds. These landforms suggest that rivers were more widespread than thought earlier.&nbsp;

<h2>Why is this important?</h2>

On our planet Earth, rivers are an indispensable source of chemical, nutrient and sediment cycles, all of which are indispensable for life. This fresh discovery provides further proof of ancient rivers and could help in humanity's&nbsp;search for signs of life on the red planet.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-perseverance-rover-captures-footage-of-martian-dust-devil-642359">A two-kilometre-tall 'dust devil' has been caught on camera, but not on Earth</a>

As Cardenas puts it: "Our research indicates that Mars could have had far more rivers than previously believed, which certainly paints a more optimistic view of ancient life on Mars."

"It offers a vision of Mars, where most of the planet once had the right condition for life," he remarked.&nbsp;

<h2>Is the knowledge of Mars rivers new?</h2>

No, it isn't. We have known about Mars' rivers since Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to orbit the red planet, sent back images which were clicked back in 1971. The images showed dried-up river channels and floodplains on Mars's surface.

Mars orbiters and rovers have also identified ridges that were probably formed by sediment in river channels billions of years ago.

Multiple Mars rovers have also found mineralogical evidence, including sulfur-containing compounds like jarosite that form in water.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has found more evidence that points towards the existence of life on Mars… once upon a time. A team of researchers examining data collected by NASA's curiosity has deduced that the planet in ancient times had a huge network of rivers flowing with life-giving water.

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has found more evidence that points towards the existence of life on Mars… once upon a time. A team of researchers examining data collected by NASA's curiosity has deduced that the planet in ancient times had a huge network of rivers flowing with life-giving water. They have published their findings in Geophysical Research Letters. 'Planet of rivers' "We're finding evidence that Mars was likely a planet of rivers," said the research's lead author, Benjamin Cardenas, a geoscientist at Penn State University. Cardenas and his team reached this conclusion after analysing a combination of images from the Curiosity rover, scans of sedimentary rock beneath the Gulf of Mexico on Earth and several computer simulations. Also read | Scientists develop a vaccine for cocaine. Here's how it works Using these, they identified the ancient, eroded remnants of rivers in many Mars craters. Curiosity rover identified specific landforms called bench-and-nose features; here steep and shallow slopes are called 'benches,' while shortened ridges are called 'noses'. They form when sedimentary material laid down in channels by rivers is subsequently eroded by prevailing winds. These landforms suggest that rivers were more widespread than thought earlier. Why is this important? On our planet Earth, rivers are an indispensable source of chemical, nutrient and sediment cycles, all of which are indispensable for life. This fresh discovery provides further proof of ancient rivers and could help in humanity's search for signs of life on the red planet. Also read | A two-kilometre-tall 'dust devil' has been caught on camera, but not on Earth As Cardenas puts it: "Our research indicates that Mars could have had far more rivers than previously believed, which certainly paints a more optimistic view of ancient life on Mars." "It offers a vision of Mars, where most of the planet once had the right condition for life," he remarked. Is the knowledge of Mars rivers new? No, it isn't. We have known about Mars' rivers since Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to orbit the red planet, sent back images which were clicked back in 1971. The images showed dried-up river channels and floodplains on Mars's surface. Mars orbiters and rovers have also identified ridges that were probably formed by sediment in river channels billions of years ago. Multiple Mars rovers have also found mineralogical evidence, including sulfur-containing compounds like jarosite that form in water. (With inputs from agencies)

Life on Mars? Curiosity rover discovers that it was once a 'planet of rivers'

China is set to launch its youngest-ever crew of astronauts to the Tiangong space station, marking a significant leap in Beijing's ambitious space programme.&nbsp;

This attempt&nbsp;aligns with China's long-term goal of launching a manned mission to the Moon by the end of the decade, reported the Free Press Journal. The Tiangong space station represents a major achievement in China's space exploration efforts, following successful missions to Mars and the Moon and becoming the third country to send humans into orbit.

The Shenzhou-17 module is scheduled to launch at 11:14 am (0314 GMT) from China's Jiuquan launch site in the country's arid northwest. This all-male crew, led by astronaut Tang Hongbo, will make history as the youngest team to embark on a space station mission.

The crew members are passionate about their mission and view the space station as a second home that takes them away from Earth and into the universe. The average age of this crew is 38, notably younger than the previous team, which had an average age of 42.

Once in orbit, the Shenzhou-17 spacecraft will conduct autonomous rendezvous and docking procedures, according to Lin Xiqiang, spokesperson for China's space programme. It is expected to dock with the space station's core module approximately six-and-a-half hours after initiating the procedure. This precision in docking technology is a testament to China's commitment to advancing space exploration.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-readies-to-launch-roman-telescope-for-humanitys-farthest-ever-peek-into-milky-way-galaxy-651141">Also read |&nbsp;NASA readies to launch Roman telescope for humanity's farthest-ever peek into Milky Way galaxy</a>

<h2>China's aggressive pursuit of space dominance</h2>

China's vision for space exploration, often referred to as its "space dream," has seen accelerated progress under President Xi Jinping's leadership.

The nation has allocated substantial investments into its military-run space program, aiming to compete with space superpowers like the United States and Russia.

Recent milestones include the successful Shenzhou-15 mission and the launch of Shenzhou-16, carrying the first Chinese civilian into orbit.

China's long-term lunar goals remain a significant focus of its space program. The nation plans to send a crewed mission to the Moon by 2030 and intends to establish a lunar base. Lin Xiqiang reaffirmed China's commitment to these objectives, stating that the goal of landing Chinese astronauts on the Moon by 2030 remains on track.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/supercomputer-simulations-unveils-new-mysteries-of-universe-651119">Also read |&nbsp;Scientists have created an 'identical twin' universe using the biggest supercomputer</a>

China has had notable success in lunar exploration, despite setbacks. The Chang'e-5 mission collected lunar samples in 2020, marking a significant achievement. The Chang'e-4 mission, which landed on the far side of the Moon in 2019, was a historic milestone. China has been steadfast in pursuing its lunar goals, including the construction of a lunar base. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

China is set to launch its youngest-ever crew of astronauts to the Tiangong space station, marking a significant leap in Beijing's ambitious space programme. This attempt aligns with China's long-term goal of launching a manned mission to the Moon by the end of the decade, reported the Free Press Journal.

China is set to launch its youngest-ever crew of astronauts to the Tiangong space station, marking a significant leap in Beijing's ambitious space programme. This attempt aligns with China's long-term goal of launching a manned mission to the Moon by the end of the decade, reported the Free Press Journal. The Tiangong space station represents a major achievement in China's space exploration efforts, following successful missions to Mars and the Moon and becoming the third country to send humans into orbit. The Shenzhou-17 module is scheduled to launch at 11:14 am (0314 GMT) from China's Jiuquan launch site in the country's arid northwest. This all-male crew, led by astronaut Tang Hongbo, will make history as the youngest team to embark on a space station mission. The crew members are passionate about their mission and view the space station as a second home that takes them away from Earth and into the universe. The average age of this crew is 38, notably younger than the previous team, which had an average age of 42. Once in orbit, the Shenzhou-17 spacecraft will conduct autonomous rendezvous and docking procedures, according to Lin Xiqiang, spokesperson for China's space programme. It is expected to dock with the space station's core module approximately six-and-a-half hours after initiating the procedure. This precision in docking technology is a testament to China's commitment to advancing space exploration. Also read | NASA readies to launch Roman telescope for humanity's farthest-ever peek into Milky Way galaxy China's aggressive pursuit of space dominance China's vision for space exploration, often referred to as its "space dream," has seen accelerated progress under President Xi Jinping's leadership. The nation has allocated substantial investments into its military-run space program, aiming to compete with space superpowers like the United States and Russia. Recent milestones include the successful Shenzhou-15 mission and the launch of Shenzhou-16, carrying the first Chinese civilian into orbit. China's long-term lunar goals remain a significant focus of its space program. The nation plans to send a crewed mission to the Moon by 2030 and intends to establish a lunar base. Lin Xiqiang reaffirmed China's commitment to these objectives, stating that the goal of landing Chinese astronauts on the Moon by 2030 remains on track. Also read | Scientists have created an 'identical twin' universe using the biggest supercomputer China has had notable success in lunar exploration, despite setbacks. The Chang'e-5 mission collected lunar samples in 2020, marking a significant achievement. The Chang'e-4 mission, which landed on the far side of the Moon in 2019, was a historic milestone. China has been steadfast in pursuing its lunar goals, including the construction of a lunar base. (With inputs from agencies)

China to send youngest-ever astronaut crew to Tiangong space station

Indian firm Skyroot Aerospace unveiled what is the country's first privately designed and developed orbital-class rocket. Named 'Vikram-1', this rocket is expected to perform its maiden flight to space in the first quarter of 2024. This is a milestone for the country's fledgling space sector, that has seen significant growth over the last three years, following the roll-out of Space-sector reforms by the Indian Government. The reforms enabled private firms to design, develop, build and launch their own rockets, satellites and offer allied services. 
 
The Indian Space sector has always been dominated by the Indian Government-run ISRO and is expected to remain so for the foreseeable future. However, the mushrooming of startups is expected to improve the spread and size of the Indian space economy.&nbsp;

Unveiling the Vikram-1 rocket at Skyroot's new facility in Hyderabad, Telangana, the firm's Co-Founder Pawan K Chandana said that their firm now employs 300 personnel and has bagged more than Rs. 500crore ($62.5mn approx) in investment.&nbsp;With Skyroot's maiden rocket launch of the vehicle Vikram-S in November, 2022, India became the fourth nation&nbsp;where private firms have built and launched rockets. Ours is the largest private rocket development centre in South Asia, he said.&nbsp;

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
The unveiling of India's first privately designed &amp;developed <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> faring rocket Vikram-1 by <a href="https://twitter.com/SkyrootA?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SkyrootA</a>, at their new HQ 'MaxQ' in <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/hyderabad?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#hyderabad</a> 
 
Skyroot was first <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/indian?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#indian</a> firm to 🚀Upper atmosphere, Nov 2022 
 
Orbital 🚀 Vikram-1 will fly Q1, 2024 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tech?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tech</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/science?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#science</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/rocket?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#rocket</a> <a href="https://t.co/lG8X99M8qf">pic.twitter.com/lG8X99M8qf</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1716760853100613702?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 24, 2023</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

"We've named our new facility 'MaxQ', it is a technical term denoting the maximum stress and loads that a rocket experiences during its ascent. A rocket has to undergo and push through all this, before it reaches space. Likewise, we would like our team to push ourselves to do extraordinary things in the space sector" he reasoned. Skyroot also showcased an animated preview of their maiden orbital launch, that is expected in the first quarter of 2024.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/exclusive-indias-ins-shakti-and-sci-saraswati-to-recover-isros-crew-module-from-sea-649457">Also read |&nbsp;Exclusive: India's INS Shakti and SCI Saraswati to recover ISRO Gaganyaan crew module from sea</a>

According to Skyroot, the Vikram-1 vehicle would be able to deliver payloads weighing between 290-480kg, to different orbits that are 500kms above the earth. Being a solid-fuelled rocket and using relatively simpler technologies would mean that launching this vehicle would require minimal infrastructure and that the rocket can be assembled and launched within 24hours from any site. The firm is also developing more versions in the Vikram series and those would involve the use of Cryogenic engines that are more efficient and sophisticated. The firm recently signed pacts with French satellite firms, indicating that they are gradually working towards on-boarding customer satellites for commercial launches. Gaining customers is crucial for a rocket company to stay afloat. This is all the more important, given how Skyroot has a direct competitor in ISRO's newest rocket SSLV, that also ferries similar payloads to orbit. SSLV has already flown twice and delivered one successful mission.

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/indian?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#indian</a> 🚀 firm Skyroot takes us to the future(Q1 2024), shows how their maiden launch to <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> -of Vikram-1 rocket will look like 
 
Vikram-1 is a 7-storey tall rocket<a href="https://twitter.com/SkyrootA?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SkyrootA</a> Vikram-S(launched Nov 2022) is a 2-storey tall rocket<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/science?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#science</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tech?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tech</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Hyderabad?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Hyderabad</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Telangana?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Telangana</a> <a href="https://t.co/CrbMzqI1eG">pic.twitter.com/CrbMzqI1eG</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1716768564286489035?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 24, 2023</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

Speaking on the occasion, Dr&nbsp;Jitendra Singh, India's Union Minister of State, Prime Minister's Office, said that the increased role of the private sector in the space domain would lead to a healthy synergy between the Government-run ISRO and the startups, thereby leading to knowledge sharing. He also mentioned that it would eventually result in more rocket launches being carried out from India and more revenue being generated by it. "The scale of wok is increasing, we can't meet our future requirements in isolation. The opening-up of the space sector for private firms is a win-win situation" he added.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indian-navy-recovered-isros-gaganyaan-crew-module-as-storm-brewed-in-bay-of-bengal-649692">Also read |&nbsp;Indian Navy recovered ISRO's Gaganyaan Crew module, as storm brewed in Bay of Bengal</a>

Quoting estimates, Dr&nbsp;Singh said that the Indian space economy(presently at $8bn) was expected to be worth $40bn by the year 2040. He also said that there were some foreign-origin estimated pegging the Indian space economy at $100bn by 2040. At present, the Indian space economy is said to be around 2percent of the $450bn global space economy. In order to create greater synergy between the space agencies of G20 nations, India's Government-run Department of Space also held a Space Economy Leaders Meeting, under the umbrella of the G20 Summit that India hosted this year.&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

<iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe>

Indian firm Skyroot Aerospace unveiled what is the country's first privately designed and developed orbital-class rocket. Named 'Vikram-1', this rocket is expected to perform its maiden flight to space in the first quarter of 2024.

Indian firm Skyroot Aerospace unveiled what is the country's first privately designed and developed orbital-class rocket. Named 'Vikram-1', this rocket is expected to perform its maiden flight to space in the first quarter of 2024. This is a milestone for the country's fledgling space sector, that has seen significant growth over the last three years, following the roll-out of Space-sector reforms by the Indian Government. The reforms enabled private firms to design, develop, build and launch their own rockets, satellites and offer allied services. The Indian Space sector has always been dominated by the Indian Government-run ISRO and is expected to remain so for the foreseeable future. However, the mushrooming of startups is expected to improve the spread and size of the Indian space economy. Unveiling the Vikram-1 rocket at Skyroot's new facility in Hyderabad, Telangana, the firm's Co-Founder Pawan K Chandana said that their firm now employs 300 personnel and has bagged more than Rs. 500crore ($62.5mn approx) in investment. With Skyroot's maiden rocket launch of the vehicle Vikram-S in November, 2022, India became the fourth nation where private firms have built and launched rockets. Ours is the largest private rocket development centre in South Asia, he said. The unveiling of India's first privately designed &developed #space faring rocket Vikram-1 by @SkyrootA, at their new HQ 'MaxQ' in #hyderabad Skyroot was first #indian firm to 🚀Upper atmosphere, Nov 2022 Orbital 🚀 Vikram-1 will fly Q1, 2024 #india #tech #science #rocket pic.twitter.com/lG8X99M8qf — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) October 24, 2023 × "We've named our new facility 'MaxQ', it is a technical term denoting the maximum stress and loads that a rocket experiences during its ascent. A rocket has to undergo and push through all this, before it reaches space. Likewise, we would like our team to push ourselves to do extraordinary things in the space sector" he reasoned. Skyroot also showcased an animated preview of their maiden orbital launch, that is expected in the first quarter of 2024. Also read | Exclusive: India's INS Shakti and SCI Saraswati to recover ISRO Gaganyaan crew module from sea According to Skyroot, the Vikram-1 vehicle would be able to deliver payloads weighing between 290-480kg, to different orbits that are 500kms above the earth. Being a solid-fuelled rocket and using relatively simpler technologies would mean that launching this vehicle would require minimal infrastructure and that the rocket can be assembled and launched within 24hours from any site. The firm is also developing more versions in the Vikram series and those would involve the use of Cryogenic engines that are more efficient and sophisticated. The firm recently signed pacts with French satellite firms, indicating that they are gradually working towards on-boarding customer satellites for commercial launches. Gaining customers is crucial for a rocket company to stay afloat. This is all the more important, given how Skyroot has a direct competitor in ISRO's newest rocket SSLV, that also ferries similar payloads to orbit. SSLV has already flown twice and delivered one successful mission. #indian 🚀 firm Skyroot takes us to the future(Q1 2024), shows how their maiden launch to #space -of Vikram-1 rocket will look like Vikram-1 is a 7-storey tall rocket@SkyrootA Vikram-S(launched Nov 2022) is a 2-storey tall rocket#india #science #tech #Hyderabad #Telangana pic.twitter.com/CrbMzqI1eG — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) October 24, 2023 × Speaking on the occasion, Dr Jitendra Singh, India's Union Minister of State, Prime Minister's Office, said that the increased role of the private sector in the space domain would lead to a healthy synergy between the Government-run ISRO and the startups, thereby leading to knowledge sharing. He also mentioned that it would eventually result in more rocket launches being carried out from India and more revenue being generated by it. "The scale of wok is increasing, we can't meet our future requirements in isolation. The opening-up of the space sector for private firms is a win-win situation" he added. Also read | Indian Navy recovered ISRO's Gaganyaan Crew module, as storm brewed in Bay of Bengal Quoting estimates, Dr Singh said that the Indian space economy(presently at $8bn) was expected to be worth $40bn by the year 2040. He also said that there were some foreign-origin estimated pegging the Indian space economy at $100bn by 2040. At present, the Indian space economy is said to be around 2percent of the $450bn global space economy. In order to create greater synergy between the space agencies of G20 nations, India's Government-run Department of Space also held a Space Economy Leaders Meeting, under the umbrella of the G20 Summit that India hosted this year. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Indian firm Skyroot unveils 7-storeys tall spacefaring rocket 'Vikram-1'

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), renowned for its deep space discoveries, has recently unveiled captivating imagery from our very own cosmic neighbourhood, offering novel insights into the intricate dynamics of the gas giant, Jupiter.&nbsp;

Stunning snapshots&nbsp;captured by the JWST in 2022, have unexpectedly exposed a colossal high-speed jet stream swirling across the planet's equator at an astounding speed of approximately 320 mph (515 kph) and spanning over 3,000 miles (4,800 kilometres).

<h2>'That totally surprised us'</h2>

Ricardo Hueso, of the University of the Basque Country, the lead author of the study documenting the findings, expressed his astonishment at the discovery.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-to-delve-deep-into-mysterious-signals-from-hell-like-exoplanet-using-james-webb-telescope-649138">This 'hell-like' exoplanet has been sending mysterious signals. JWST will now help find out why</a>

Joining in the sentiment, Leigh Fletcher from the University of Leicester said, "It’s amazing to me that, after years of tracking Jupiter’s clouds and winds from numerous observatories, we still have more to learn."

The findings have been published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

<h2>Why does a jet stream on Jupiter matter?</h2>

The team explained that the newfound jet stream, exceeding the velocity of a Category 5 hurricane on Earth, promises to provide crucial insights into Jupiter's turbulent atmosphere.&nbsp;

Researchers anticipate that the "crisp" images will help with a comprehensive understanding of the celestial giant's intricate cloud formations and weather patterns.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-unveils-stunning-lunar-shadow-image-from-ring-of-fire-solar-eclipse-649157">NASA unveils stunning lunar shadow image from 'ring of fire' solar eclipse</a>

"We knew the different wavelengths of Webb and Hubble would reveal the three-dimensional structure of storm clouds, but we were also able to use the timing of the data to see how rapidly storms develop," said Michael Wong of the University of California, Berkeley, who led the associated Hubble observations and was a member of the new study.

"Jupiter has a complicated but repeatable pattern of winds and temperatures in its equatorial stratosphere, high above the winds in the clouds and hazes measured at these wavelengths," said Fletcher, adding "If the strength of this new jet is connected to this oscillating stratospheric pattern, we might expect the jet to vary considerably over the next two to four years."

"It'll be really exciting to test this theory in the years to come," he added.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), renowned for its deep space discoveries, has recently unveiled captivating imagery from our very own cosmic neighbourhood, offering novel insights into the intricate dynamics of the gas giant, Jupiter.

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), renowned for its deep space discoveries, has recently unveiled captivating imagery from our very own cosmic neighbourhood, offering novel insights into the intricate dynamics of the gas giant, Jupiter. Stunning snapshots captured by the JWST in 2022, have unexpectedly exposed a colossal high-speed jet stream swirling across the planet's equator at an astounding speed of approximately 320 mph (515 kph) and spanning over 3,000 miles (4,800 kilometres). 'That totally surprised us' Ricardo Hueso, of the University of the Basque Country, the lead author of the study documenting the findings, expressed his astonishment at the discovery. Also read | This 'hell-like' exoplanet has been sending mysterious signals. JWST will now help find out why Joining in the sentiment, Leigh Fletcher from the University of Leicester said, "It’s amazing to me that, after years of tracking Jupiter’s clouds and winds from numerous observatories, we still have more to learn." The findings have been published in the journal Nature Astronomy. Why does a jet stream on Jupiter matter? The team explained that the newfound jet stream, exceeding the velocity of a Category 5 hurricane on Earth, promises to provide crucial insights into Jupiter's turbulent atmosphere. Researchers anticipate that the "crisp" images will help with a comprehensive understanding of the celestial giant's intricate cloud formations and weather patterns. Also read | NASA unveils stunning lunar shadow image from 'ring of fire' solar eclipse "We knew the different wavelengths of Webb and Hubble would reveal the three-dimensional structure of storm clouds, but we were also able to use the timing of the data to see how rapidly storms develop," said Michael Wong of the University of California, Berkeley, who led the associated Hubble observations and was a member of the new study. "Jupiter has a complicated but repeatable pattern of winds and temperatures in its equatorial stratosphere, high above the winds in the clouds and hazes measured at these wavelengths," said Fletcher, adding "If the strength of this new jet is connected to this oscillating stratospheric pattern, we might expect the jet to vary considerably over the next two to four years." "It'll be really exciting to test this theory in the years to come," he added. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

James Webb Telescope observes jet stream as fast as 'category 5' storms on Jupiter

NASA has released another fascinating image from last week's 'ring of fire' solar eclipse.

The image which was captured by NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera aboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) captured the moment the moon aligned with the sun casting a shadow on Earth.

<h2>A lunar shadow</h2>

As the moon was passing in front of the sun during the annular solar eclipse on October 14, it cast a shadow or an umbra on our planet.&nbsp;

DSCOVR, a joint satellite of NASA, NOAA and US Air Force, managed to capture this "out of the world" display from a unique vantage point of about 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth.

Sharing the "EPIC view" on social media platform X, NASA wrote, "An EPIC view of the annular eclipse."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-to-delve-deep-into-mysterious-signals-from-hell-like-exoplanet-using-james-webb-telescope-649138">Scientists to delve deep into mysterious signals from 'hell-like' exoplanet using James Webb Telescope</a>

"About 1.5 million kilometres from Earth, the shadow, or umbra, from the Moon was seen falling across the southeastern coast of Texas. @nasa's EPIC instrument on the DSCOVR satellite captured this image on Oct. 14."

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
An EPIC view of the annular eclipse 😎 
 
About 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, the shadow, or umbra, from the Moon was seen falling across the southeastern coast of Texas. <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@nasa</a>'s EPIC instrument on the DSCOVR satellite captured this image on Oct. 14. <a href="https://t.co/WPvQbRAFKN">https://t.co/WPvQbRAFKN</a> <a href="https://t.co/QWBJFqRyBl">pic.twitter.com/QWBJFqRyBl</a>
— NASA Earth (@NASAEarth) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASAEarth/status/1714279463234801898?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 17, 2023</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

DSCOVR, as per the NASA website, is "a space weather station that monitors changes in the solar wind, providing space weather alerts and forecasts for geomagnetic storms that could disrupt power grids, satellites, telecommunications, aviation and GPS."

<h2>The solar eclipse</h2>

Along a narrow pathway from the Oregon coast to Central and South America, skygazers witnessed an annular solar eclipse, where the moon blocked all of the sun except for a thin band, a luminous "ring of fire".

To the rest of us, a partial eclipse was visible, one that looked like the moon taking a nibble out of the sun.

A picture of this phenomenon clicked from space was also shared by NASA. That picture from an extraordinary viewpoint in space was clicked by one of the astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS).&nbsp;

The stunning photo depicts the annular eclipse as viewed from the ISS, approximately 260 miles above Earth. You can check it out here.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-shares-amazing-picture-of-solar-eclipse-clicked-from-space-648675">This picture of annular solar eclipse snapped from 260 miles above Earth is quite riveting</a>

<h2>How annual solar eclipses happen</h2>

Annular solar eclipses happen due to the moon's slightly elliptical orbit, and occur when the moon, sun, and Earth align perfectly, but the moon is positioned farthest from Earth, which then results in the solar disk being blocked, albeit incompletely.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.

NASA has released another fascinating image from last week's 'ring of fire' solar eclipse. The image which was captured by NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera aboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) captured the moment the moon aligned with the sun casting a shadow on Earth.

NASA has released another fascinating image from last week's 'ring of fire' solar eclipse. The image which was captured by NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera aboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) captured the moment the moon aligned with the sun casting a shadow on Earth. A lunar shadow As the moon was passing in front of the sun during the annular solar eclipse on October 14, it cast a shadow or an umbra on our planet. DSCOVR, a joint satellite of NASA, NOAA and US Air Force, managed to capture this "out of the world" display from a unique vantage point of about 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth. Sharing the "EPIC view" on social media platform X, NASA wrote, "An EPIC view of the annular eclipse." Also read | Scientists to delve deep into mysterious signals from 'hell-like' exoplanet using James Webb Telescope "About 1.5 million kilometres from Earth, the shadow, or umbra, from the Moon was seen falling across the southeastern coast of Texas. @nasa's EPIC instrument on the DSCOVR satellite captured this image on Oct. 14." An EPIC view of the annular eclipse 😎 About 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, the shadow, or umbra, from the Moon was seen falling across the southeastern coast of Texas. @nasa's EPIC instrument on the DSCOVR satellite captured this image on Oct. 14. https://t.co/WPvQbRAFKN pic.twitter.com/QWBJFqRyBl — NASA Earth (@NASAEarth) October 17, 2023 × DSCOVR, as per the NASA website, is "a space weather station that monitors changes in the solar wind, providing space weather alerts and forecasts for geomagnetic storms that could disrupt power grids, satellites, telecommunications, aviation and GPS." The solar eclipse Along a narrow pathway from the Oregon coast to Central and South America, skygazers witnessed an annular solar eclipse, where the moon blocked all of the sun except for a thin band, a luminous "ring of fire". To the rest of us, a partial eclipse was visible, one that looked like the moon taking a nibble out of the sun. A picture of this phenomenon clicked from space was also shared by NASA. That picture from an extraordinary viewpoint in space was clicked by one of the astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The stunning photo depicts the annular eclipse as viewed from the ISS, approximately 260 miles above Earth. You can check it out here. Also read | This picture of annular solar eclipse snapped from 260 miles above Earth is quite riveting How annual solar eclipses happen Annular solar eclipses happen due to the moon's slightly elliptical orbit, and occur when the moon, sun, and Earth align perfectly, but the moon is positioned farthest from Earth, which then results in the solar disk being blocked, albeit incompletely. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Epic image captures moon's shadow falling on US during the 'ring of fire' solar eclipse

Super-Earth exoplanet, '55 Cancri e', has long been a source of fascination for astronomers since its discovery in 2004.&nbsp;

Located within&nbsp;relative proximity to Earth, this rocky exoplanet has a mass of around eight times our planet's, and it has been emitting mysterious signals, which have intrigued scientists for nearly two decades.&nbsp;

A recent study has now proposed a solution to the mystery of these signals, and it involves the James Webb Space Telescope — the most powerful and most complex telescope ever launched into space.

<h2>Finally, an explanation</h2>

After almost 20 years, scientists may finally have an extraordinary explanation for this celestial phenomenon, reports Live Science.&nbsp;

They speculate that a cyclical interplay of volcanic activity and atmospheric disappearance may be responsible for the planet's peculiar behaviour.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/ancient-whispers-scientists-unveil-hidden-sounds-of-pando-the-worlds-largest-tree-649079">Ancient whispers: Scientists unveil hidden sounds of Pando, the 'world's largest tree'</a>

According to the study, 55 Cancri e, located a mere 40 light-years away from our planet, experiences a tumultuous existence.&nbsp;

55 Cancri e is so close to its parent star that the exoplanet orbits it in a mere 17 hours. As per estimates, the planet is nestled really close to its star — less than two per cent of the distance between Earth and Sun (148.98 million km).&nbsp;

Due to this nearness, it endures scorching temperatures, which on its day side exceed 4,400 degrees Fahrenheit (2,427 degrees Celsius), while its night side remains a fiery 2,060 F (1127 C).

<h2>Mysterious signals</h2>

While the extreme conditions have defied explanations, what is more puzzling — as pointed out in a paper accepted in September to the Astrophysical Journal Letters — are the transit signals Earth receives from the planet during its celestial dance with its parent star.&nbsp;

Sometimes, when 55 Cancri e hides behind its star, no discernible light emanates from the planet, while at other times, a distinct visible light signal becomes apparent. In the infrared spectrum, the planet consistently exhibits a signal, albeit with varying intensity.

<h2>What the new study says</h2>

In the new study, researchers postulate that the planet's proximity to its star triggers a cyclical phenomenon that causes periodic outgassing events.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/eight-billion-years-old-mysterious-signals-from-a-distant-galaxy-detected-on-earth-649130">Eight-billion-years-old mysterious signals from a distant galaxy detected on Earth</a>

Extreme heat from its star causes volcanic eruptions and thermal vent activities, which spew carbon-rich elements into the atmosphere, speculate researchers. Due to the planet's extreme heat, these eventually dissipate, leaving the celestial body barren until the outgassing cycle commences once again.

They hypothesise that the delicate balance between the planet's efforts to generate an atmosphere and the relentless onslaught of radiation and solar wind from its star causes a precarious oscillation. The planet's phases, with and without an atmosphere, could explain the irregular transit signals observed over the years.&nbsp;As this hypothesis awaits testing, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) presents a promising opportunity to delve deeper into the enigma of 55 Cancri e.

Super-Earth exoplanet, '55 Cancri e', has long been a source of fascination for astronomers since its discovery in 2004. Located within relative proximity to Earth, this rocky exoplanet has a mass of around eight times our planet's, and it has been emitting mysterious signals, which have intrigued scientists for nearly two decades.

Super-Earth exoplanet, '55 Cancri e', has long been a source of fascination for astronomers since its discovery in 2004. Located within relative proximity to Earth, this rocky exoplanet has a mass of around eight times our planet's, and it has been emitting mysterious signals, which have intrigued scientists for nearly two decades. A recent study has now proposed a solution to the mystery of these signals, and it involves the James Webb Space Telescope — the most powerful and most complex telescope ever launched into space. Finally, an explanation After almost 20 years, scientists may finally have an extraordinary explanation for this celestial phenomenon, reports Live Science. They speculate that a cyclical interplay of volcanic activity and atmospheric disappearance may be responsible for the planet's peculiar behaviour. Also read | Ancient whispers: Scientists unveil hidden sounds of Pando, the 'world's largest tree' According to the study, 55 Cancri e, located a mere 40 light-years away from our planet, experiences a tumultuous existence. 55 Cancri e is so close to its parent star that the exoplanet orbits it in a mere 17 hours. As per estimates, the planet is nestled really close to its star — less than two per cent of the distance between Earth and Sun (148.98 million km). Due to this nearness, it endures scorching temperatures, which on its day side exceed 4,400 degrees Fahrenheit (2,427 degrees Celsius), while its night side remains a fiery 2,060 F (1127 C). Mysterious signals While the extreme conditions have defied explanations, what is more puzzling — as pointed out in a paper accepted in September to the Astrophysical Journal Letters — are the transit signals Earth receives from the planet during its celestial dance with its parent star. Sometimes, when 55 Cancri e hides behind its star, no discernible light emanates from the planet, while at other times, a distinct visible light signal becomes apparent. In the infrared spectrum, the planet consistently exhibits a signal, albeit with varying intensity. What the new study says In the new study, researchers postulate that the planet's proximity to its star triggers a cyclical phenomenon that causes periodic outgassing events. Also read | Eight-billion-years-old mysterious signals from a distant galaxy detected on Earth Extreme heat from its star causes volcanic eruptions and thermal vent activities, which spew carbon-rich elements into the atmosphere, speculate researchers. Due to the planet's extreme heat, these eventually dissipate, leaving the celestial body barren until the outgassing cycle commences once again. They hypothesise that the delicate balance between the planet's efforts to generate an atmosphere and the relentless onslaught of radiation and solar wind from its star causes a precarious oscillation. The planet's phases, with and without an atmosphere, could explain the irregular transit signals observed over the years. As this hypothesis awaits testing, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) presents a promising opportunity to delve deeper into the enigma of 55 Cancri e.

This 'hell-like' exoplanet has been sending mysterious signals. JWST will now help find out why

Last weekend's solar eclipse was a feast for the eyes of many around the globe. But, as it turns out, not all skywatchers who marvelled at the solar eclipse were on this planet. One was up above the Earth.

NASA has released a picture of the October 14&nbsp;solar eclipse, that was clicked by an astronaut from a very unique vantage point.

<h2>The solar eclipse</h2>

Along a narrow pathway from the Oregon coast to Central and South America, skygazers witnessed an annular solar eclipse, where the moon blocked all of the sun except for a thin band, a luminous "ring of fire".

To the rest of us, a partial eclipse was visible, one that looked like the moon taking a nibble out of the sun.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/us-says-over-270-ufo-reports-recorded-were-they-of-foreign-origin-648648">US says over 270 UFO reports recorded. Were they of foreign origin?</a>

This was exactly what was seen by the crew aboard the International Space Station (ISS), and one of the astronauts clicked a celestial picture of it from his extraordinary viewpoint in space.

<h2>Celestial picture</h2>

The picture was captured by NASA astronaut Jasmin Moghbeli, a member of the ISS crew since August.

Moghbeli managed to capture a remarkable photo from the ISS, and it was then shared by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.

The stunning photo depicts the annular eclipse as viewed from the ISS, approximately 260 miles above Earth.&nbsp;

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
The crew aboard the <a href="https://twitter.com/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Space_Station</a> watched the annular solar eclipse on Oct. 14, from the best seat in the house (260 miles above Earth). As the Moon passed in front of the sun, Expedition 70 Flight Engineer Jasmin Moghbeli captured this photo. 
 
Where did you watch from? 🌑 ☀️ <a href="https://t.co/MM5MopVXYE">pic.twitter.com/MM5MopVXYE</a>
— NASA Marshall (@NASA_Marshall) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA_Marshall/status/1714313728236154972?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 17, 2023</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

The tweet highlighted the astronauts' unique vantage point during the celestial event.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/asteroid-alert-apollo-group-space-rock-to-approach-earth-closer-than-the-moon-details-648651">Asteroid alert! Apollo group space rock to approach Earth closer than the Moon | Details</a>

"The crew aboard the @Space_Station watched the annular solar eclipse on Oct. 14, from the best seat in the house (260 miles above Earth). As the moon passed in front of the sun, Expedition 70 Flight Engineer Jasmin Moghbeli captured this photo," said the post, while prompting followers to share their own viewing experiences.

<h2>How annual solar eclipses happen</h2>

Annular solar eclipses happen due to the moon's slightly elliptical orbit, and occur when the moon, sun, and Earth align perfectly, but the moon is positioned farthest from Earth, which then results in the solar disk being blocked, albeit incompletely.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.

Last weekend's solar eclipse was a feast for the eyes of many around the globe. But, as it turns out, not all skywatchers who marvelled at the solar eclipse were on this planet.

Last weekend's solar eclipse was a feast for the eyes of many around the globe. But, as it turns out, not all skywatchers who marvelled at the solar eclipse were on this planet. One was up above the Earth. NASA has released a picture of the October 14 solar eclipse, that was clicked by an astronaut from a very unique vantage point. The solar eclipse Along a narrow pathway from the Oregon coast to Central and South America, skygazers witnessed an annular solar eclipse, where the moon blocked all of the sun except for a thin band, a luminous "ring of fire". To the rest of us, a partial eclipse was visible, one that looked like the moon taking a nibble out of the sun. Also read | US says over 270 UFO reports recorded. Were they of foreign origin? This was exactly what was seen by the crew aboard the International Space Station (ISS), and one of the astronauts clicked a celestial picture of it from his extraordinary viewpoint in space. Celestial picture The picture was captured by NASA astronaut Jasmin Moghbeli, a member of the ISS crew since August. Moghbeli managed to capture a remarkable photo from the ISS, and it was then shared by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. The stunning photo depicts the annular eclipse as viewed from the ISS, approximately 260 miles above Earth. The crew aboard the @Space_Station watched the annular solar eclipse on Oct. 14, from the best seat in the house (260 miles above Earth). As the Moon passed in front of the sun, Expedition 70 Flight Engineer Jasmin Moghbeli captured this photo. Where did you watch from? 🌑 ☀️ pic.twitter.com/MM5MopVXYE — NASA Marshall (@NASA_Marshall) October 17, 2023 × The tweet highlighted the astronauts' unique vantage point during the celestial event. Also read | Asteroid alert! Apollo group space rock to approach Earth closer than the Moon | Details "The crew aboard the @Space_Station watched the annular solar eclipse on Oct. 14, from the best seat in the house (260 miles above Earth). As the moon passed in front of the sun, Expedition 70 Flight Engineer Jasmin Moghbeli captured this photo," said the post, while prompting followers to share their own viewing experiences. How annual solar eclipses happen Annular solar eclipses happen due to the moon's slightly elliptical orbit, and occur when the moon, sun, and Earth align perfectly, but the moon is positioned farthest from Earth, which then results in the solar disk being blocked, albeit incompletely. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

This picture of annular solar eclipse snapped from 260 miles above Earth is quite riveting

The Sun is the driving force behind all life on earth. From the weather, ocean currents, climate, and seasons, all life depends on the star. What would happen if the star that provides our planet so much life dies?

For the first time, astronomers might have a clue. Here's what will happen.

<h2>A white dwarf</h2>

Scientists have, for the first time, studied a white dwarf - a star just like our sun that has exhausted its hydrogen reserves or nuclear fuel.

Our sun, as per National Geographic, is just an ordinary star; one of about 100 billion in our galaxy, the Milky Way.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/european-space-agency-shares-stunning-visualisation-of-mars-labyrinth-of-night-watch-here-647379">This stunning visualisation of Mars' gigantic 'Labyrinth of Night' will blow your mind</a>

Astronomers studied the stellar remnants that lie at the centre of a cloud of wreckage, gas and dust that astronomers call a planetary nebula.&nbsp;

It is located at around 4,500 light years from Earth, in the open star cluster Messier 37. Astronomers used Gran Telescopio Canarias on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands to study the cosmic graveyard full of stars, some of them dead.&nbsp;

Studying this white dwarf has provided scientists with vital information on how the once red-hot star died, and also provided insights into how our own solar system could look like in around five billion years.

<h2>From sun to a white dwarf</h2>

A dying sun, as per space.com, runs out of fuel that is intrinsic to its nuclear fusion processes and slowly swells into a red giant. The puffed-out outer layers then swallow inner planets — Earth is an inner planet to the Milky Way's sun.&nbsp;

Then, the star's shell of stellar material spreads out and cools, after which the sun becomes a planetary nebula, and eventually, its core turns into a fading white dwarf.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/humanitys-next-big-catastrophe-could-lie-in-the-sun-predict-scientists-644862">Humanity's next big 'catastrophe' could lie in the Sun, predict scientists</a>

"The more massive a star is, the faster it consumes its nuclear fuel by fusing hydrogen into helium. So its life is shorter, and it evolves into a white dwarf faster," said Klaus Werner, the study team leader and a professor at the University of Tübingen in a statement.

The star they studied as per estimates had a mass equivalent to 2.8 times our Sun. It currently has only about 85 per cent of the mass of Earth's sun left, the rest, about 70 per cent of its original total mass, was lost during its lifetime.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.

The Sun is the driving force behind all life on earth. From the weather, ocean currents, climate, and seasons, all life depends on the star. What would happen if the star that provides our planet so much life dies?

The Sun is the driving force behind all life on earth. From the weather, ocean currents, climate, and seasons, all life depends on the star. What would happen if the star that provides our planet so much life dies? For the first time, astronomers might have a clue. Here's what will happen. A white dwarf Scientists have, for the first time, studied a white dwarf - a star just like our sun that has exhausted its hydrogen reserves or nuclear fuel. Our sun, as per National Geographic, is just an ordinary star; one of about 100 billion in our galaxy, the Milky Way. Also read | This stunning visualisation of Mars' gigantic 'Labyrinth of Night' will blow your mind Astronomers studied the stellar remnants that lie at the centre of a cloud of wreckage, gas and dust that astronomers call a planetary nebula. It is located at around 4,500 light years from Earth, in the open star cluster Messier 37. Astronomers used Gran Telescopio Canarias on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands to study the cosmic graveyard full of stars, some of them dead. Studying this white dwarf has provided scientists with vital information on how the once red-hot star died, and also provided insights into how our own solar system could look like in around five billion years. From sun to a white dwarf A dying sun, as per space.com, runs out of fuel that is intrinsic to its nuclear fusion processes and slowly swells into a red giant. The puffed-out outer layers then swallow inner planets — Earth is an inner planet to the Milky Way's sun. Then, the star's shell of stellar material spreads out and cools, after which the sun becomes a planetary nebula, and eventually, its core turns into a fading white dwarf. Also read | Humanity's next big 'catastrophe' could lie in the Sun, predict scientists "The more massive a star is, the faster it consumes its nuclear fuel by fusing hydrogen into helium. So its life is shorter, and it evolves into a white dwarf faster," said Klaus Werner, the study team leader and a professor at the University of Tübingen in a statement. The star they studied as per estimates had a mass equivalent to 2.8 times our Sun. It currently has only about 85 per cent of the mass of Earth's sun left, the rest, about 70 per cent of its original total mass, was lost during its lifetime. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Earth swallowed whole, sun a lifeless white giant; scientists predict what galaxy will look like in 5bn years

In a breakthrough more than two decades in the making, scientists have identified a supermassive black hole residing in the Messier 87 galaxy, located a staggering 55 million light-years away. This discovery not only confirms the presence of the massive cosmic entity but also sheds light on its spin, providing crucial support for Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.

Black holes represent regions in space where gravity is so overpowering that even light cannot escape. For years, these cosmic enigmas have fascinated and mystified scientists, prompting extensive research into their properties.

This significant discovery is the result of a collaborative effort among researchers who pieced together images from observations conducted worldwide. This newfound evidence, often referred to as the "smoking gun" of the black hole's spin, provides much-needed clarity on this elusive characteristic. According to Igor Chilingaryan, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the find confirms the existence of the black hole and its spin, marking a critical advancement in our understanding of these celestial giants.

Watch |&nbsp;Astronomers capture first direct evidence of black hole spinning

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/astronomers-capture-first-direct-evidence-of-black-hole-spinning-641270/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<h2>Reinforcing Einstein's theory</h2>

The confirmation of a spinning supermassive black hole not only unravels one of the mysteries surrounding these enigmatic objects but also bolsters Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Wystan Benbow, an astrophysicist for the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics who spoke to the Express, highlights the importance of this discovery, as it aligns with the fundamental concept that supermassive black holes possess only two properties: mass and spin. The latter has long presented a challenging measurement task.

Beyond the scientific curiosity it satisfies, this discovery carries broader implications. It promises to enhance our comprehension of how supermassive black holes co-evolve with the galaxies they inhabit, providing a glimpse into the formation and large-scale structure of the universe. As Igor Chilingaryan asserts, this milestone marks a significant moment in astrophysics, with the potential to yield further revelations about our universe.

WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

<iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe>

In a breakthrough more than two decades in the making, scientists have identified a supermassive black hole residing in the Messier 87 galaxy, located a staggering 55 million light-years away.

In a breakthrough more than two decades in the making, scientists have identified a supermassive black hole residing in the Messier 87 galaxy, located a staggering 55 million light-years away. This discovery not only confirms the presence of the massive cosmic entity but also sheds light on its spin, providing crucial support for Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Black holes represent regions in space where gravity is so overpowering that even light cannot escape. For years, these cosmic enigmas have fascinated and mystified scientists, prompting extensive research into their properties. This significant discovery is the result of a collaborative effort among researchers who pieced together images from observations conducted worldwide. This newfound evidence, often referred to as the "smoking gun" of the black hole's spin, provides much-needed clarity on this elusive characteristic. According to Igor Chilingaryan, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the find confirms the existence of the black hole and its spin, marking a critical advancement in our understanding of these celestial giants. Watch | Astronomers capture first direct evidence of black hole spinning Reinforcing Einstein's theory The confirmation of a spinning supermassive black hole not only unravels one of the mysteries surrounding these enigmatic objects but also bolsters Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Wystan Benbow, an astrophysicist for the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics who spoke to the Express, highlights the importance of this discovery, as it aligns with the fundamental concept that supermassive black holes possess only two properties: mass and spin. The latter has long presented a challenging measurement task. Beyond the scientific curiosity it satisfies, this discovery carries broader implications. It promises to enhance our comprehension of how supermassive black holes co-evolve with the galaxies they inhabit, providing a glimpse into the formation and large-scale structure of the universe. As Igor Chilingaryan asserts, this milestone marks a significant moment in astrophysics, with the potential to yield further revelations about our universe. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

A spinning supermassive black hole found in a distant galaxy reinforces one of Einstein's theories

The Indian Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) has unveiled a promising outlook for India's space economy, forecasting it to reach $44 billion by 2033, a remarkable surge from the current $8.4 billion.&nbsp;

With India accounting for just 2 per cent of the global space market, IN-SPACe aims to significantly enhance its position, targeting 8 per cent of the worldwide market share by 2033, including $11 billion in exports over the next decade.&nbsp;

Pawan Goenka, Chairman of IN-SPACe, shared these insights during the recent presentation, emphasising the potential for India's space ecosystem.&nbsp;

These projections also align with IN-SPACe's goal to increase domestic market share to $33 billion and export share to $11 billion by 2033, requiring an estimated $22 billion in investments over the next 10 years.&nbsp;

According to reports, to achieve this visionary target, IN-SPACe's comprehensive approach centres around ten key strategic capabilities, encompassing demand generation, earth observation, communication and navigation platforms, research and development, and international collaboration, among others .This multifaceted strategy seeks to fortify India's position in the global space economy while promoting participation from non-governmental entities.&nbsp;

Furthermore, IN-SPACe has outlined its vision for a specialised launch centre dedicated to small satellites within the private sector, expected to become operational in Tuticorin within two years. Although Isro's rockets won't launch from this centre due to its smaller scale compared to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, it marks a significant step toward supporting private sector involvement in space activities.&nbsp;

IN-SPACe's grand vision extends to strengthening the NavIC constellation and expanding its market reach in the Indian Ocean Region. It also focuses on enhancing India's space education and skill transfer programs to nurture talent and expertise. The establishment of a space outreach wing will further assess value propositions, prioritise sectors, and boost awareness within the space ecosystem.&nbsp;

These initiatives are part of IN-SPACe's comprehensive strategy to shape India's space economy and solidify its standing on the global stage. &nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

The Indian Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) has unveiled a promising outlook for India's space economy, forecasting it to reach $44 billion by 2033, a remarkable surge from the current $8.

The Indian Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) has unveiled a promising outlook for India's space economy, forecasting it to reach $44 billion by 2033, a remarkable surge from the current $8.4 billion. With India accounting for just 2 per cent of the global space market, IN-SPACe aims to significantly enhance its position, targeting 8 per cent of the worldwide market share by 2033, including $11 billion in exports over the next decade. Pawan Goenka, Chairman of IN-SPACe, shared these insights during the recent presentation, emphasising the potential for India's space ecosystem. These projections also align with IN-SPACe's goal to increase domestic market share to $33 billion and export share to $11 billion by 2033, requiring an estimated $22 billion in investments over the next 10 years. According to reports, to achieve this visionary target, IN-SPACe's comprehensive approach centres around ten key strategic capabilities, encompassing demand generation, earth observation, communication and navigation platforms, research and development, and international collaboration, among others .This multifaceted strategy seeks to fortify India's position in the global space economy while promoting participation from non-governmental entities. Furthermore, IN-SPACe has outlined its vision for a specialised launch centre dedicated to small satellites within the private sector, expected to become operational in Tuticorin within two years. Although Isro's rockets won't launch from this centre due to its smaller scale compared to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, it marks a significant step toward supporting private sector involvement in space activities. IN-SPACe's grand vision extends to strengthening the NavIC constellation and expanding its market reach in the Indian Ocean Region. It also focuses on enhancing India's space education and skill transfer programs to nurture talent and expertise. The establishment of a space outreach wing will further assess value propositions, prioritise sectors, and boost awareness within the space ecosystem. These initiatives are part of IN-SPACe's comprehensive strategy to shape India's space economy and solidify its standing on the global stage. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

India's space economy set to soar to $44 billion by 2033: IN-SPACe chairman 

New research suggests that our climate some nearly 13,000 years ago might have been severely changed due to a cosmic intervention. A global team of researchers has&nbsp;presented its case in four peer-reviewed papers to study the substantially disputed Younger Dryas (YD) impact hypothesis.&nbsp;

According to the studies, it was a comet that led to the plantation of the first seeds of agriculture in Syria, a necessary adaptation to improve the chances of survival.&nbsp;

It was also after the fragments of this comet slammed into Earth’s atmosphere that the climate drastically changed since the plants and animals they relied on disappeared.&nbsp;

<h2>What is YD?</h2>

Younger Dryas was a cooling period between roughly 12,900 and 11,600 years ago which disrupted the Earth’s warming trend in the Northern Hemisphere. This period was marked by a rather sudden, severe, and lengthy interruption to the Earth’s climate.&nbsp;

<h2>What did the team find?</h2>

The team’s research is based on their analysis of the sediment layers from the Neolithic site Abu Hureyra, which was excavated in the 1970s before being submerged under Lake Assad. Notably, Abu Hureyra is said to be the earliest evidence of a shift from hunter-gathering to farming phase.&nbsp;

“We present substantial new quantitative evidence and interpretations supporting the hypothesis that comet fragments triggered near-global shifts in climate ~12,800 years ago, and one airburst destroyed the Abu Hureyra village,” the researchers wrote.&nbsp;

According to the researchers, sediment layers revealed a number of factors which included types of plants before and after the YD climate change. The data also included “changes in building architecture, diet, the early stages of persistent cultivation of domestic-type grains and legumes,” said the authors.&nbsp;

The also shows the “initial penning of livestock, marking the beginning of sustained agriculture and animal domestication.” The team also found shock-fractured quartz grains that were not only consistent with the impact but also evidence of a massive firestorm.

“Shocked quartz is well known and is probably the most robust proxy for a cosmic impact,” Earth scientist James Kennett of the University of California Santa Barbara said in a statement.

“For the first time, we propose that shock metamorphism in quartz grains exposed to an atomic detonation is essentially the same as during a low-altitude, lower-pressure cosmic airburst,” he added.&nbsp;

The second study identified the shock-fractured quartz at the site’s sediment layer from the beginning of the YD period. Some quartz grains in this layer were similar to those found in nuclear explosions and Meteor Crater.&nbsp;

Most of these shock-fractured quartz had been exposed to temperatures of at least 1713 degrees Celsius or higher, said the study.&nbsp;

The third study found small diamonds, special crystals, and small balls made of silica and iron in the sediment layer from the beginning of the YD period some of which could have only been formed under higher temperature or pressure conditions that no human had the ability to produce at the time.&nbsp;

The researchers in the final study present evidence that historically there is a direct connection between cosmic impacts, environmental shifts and changes in societies. Therefore, the team proposes that this major shift came due to the disintegration of a 100-kilometre-wide comet.&nbsp; 
 
 
&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.

New research suggests that our climate some nearly 13,000 years ago might have been severely changed due to a cosmic intervention. A global team of researchers has presented its case in four peer-reviewed papers to study the substantially disputed Younger Dryas (YD) impact hypothesis.

New research suggests that our climate some nearly 13,000 years ago might have been severely changed due to a cosmic intervention. A global team of researchers has presented its case in four peer-reviewed papers to study the substantially disputed Younger Dryas (YD) impact hypothesis. According to the studies, it was a comet that led to the plantation of the first seeds of agriculture in Syria, a necessary adaptation to improve the chances of survival. It was also after the fragments of this comet slammed into Earth’s atmosphere that the climate drastically changed since the plants and animals they relied on disappeared. What is YD? Younger Dryas was a cooling period between roughly 12,900 and 11,600 years ago which disrupted the Earth’s warming trend in the Northern Hemisphere. This period was marked by a rather sudden, severe, and lengthy interruption to the Earth’s climate. What did the team find? The team’s research is based on their analysis of the sediment layers from the Neolithic site Abu Hureyra, which was excavated in the 1970s before being submerged under Lake Assad. Notably, Abu Hureyra is said to be the earliest evidence of a shift from hunter-gathering to farming phase. “We present substantial new quantitative evidence and interpretations supporting the hypothesis that comet fragments triggered near-global shifts in climate ~12,800 years ago, and one airburst destroyed the Abu Hureyra village,” the researchers wrote. According to the researchers, sediment layers revealed a number of factors which included types of plants before and after the YD climate change. The data also included “changes in building architecture, diet, the early stages of persistent cultivation of domestic-type grains and legumes,” said the authors. The also shows the “initial penning of livestock, marking the beginning of sustained agriculture and animal domestication.” The team also found shock-fractured quartz grains that were not only consistent with the impact but also evidence of a massive firestorm. “Shocked quartz is well known and is probably the most robust proxy for a cosmic impact,” Earth scientist James Kennett of the University of California Santa Barbara said in a statement. “For the first time, we propose that shock metamorphism in quartz grains exposed to an atomic detonation is essentially the same as during a low-altitude, lower-pressure cosmic airburst,” he added. The second study identified the shock-fractured quartz at the site’s sediment layer from the beginning of the YD period. Some quartz grains in this layer were similar to those found in nuclear explosions and Meteor Crater. Most of these shock-fractured quartz had been exposed to temperatures of at least 1713 degrees Celsius or higher, said the study. The third study found small diamonds, special crystals, and small balls made of silica and iron in the sediment layer from the beginning of the YD period some of which could have only been formed under higher temperature or pressure conditions that no human had the ability to produce at the time. The researchers in the final study present evidence that historically there is a direct connection between cosmic impacts, environmental shifts and changes in societies. Therefore, the team proposes that this major shift came due to the disintegration of a 100-kilometre-wide comet. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Nearly 13,000 years ago a comet impact may have sparked major change in climate

Scientists from Mahidol University in Thailand are conducting groundbreaking research into the potential of watermeal, the world's smallest flowering plant, as a source of nutrition and oxygen for astronauts.

Their study, conducted at the European Space Agency's (ESA) ESTEC technical centre in the Netherlands, involves subjecting watermeal to hypergravity conditions using ESA's Large Diameter Centrifuge (LDC).

The LDC, with its impressive 8-meter diameter and four-arm design, allows scientists to replicate gravity levels up to 20 times that of Earth for extended periods. This exceptional facility is made accessible through the HyperGES programme, a collaboration between ESA and the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).

<h2>Watermeal: A unique study subject</h2>

Watermeal, smaller even than duckweed, is an intriguing focus of this research. This rootless, stemless plant typically floats on the surface of water bodies in regions like Thailand and other parts of Asia. Its simplicity and rapid growth rate make it an ideal candidate for studying the effects of altered gravity on plant development.

Tatpong Tulyananda, leading the Mahidol University team, explains their interest in watermeal: "Because watermeal doesn’t have any roots, stems or leaves, it is basically just a sphere floating on a body of water. That means we can focus directly on the effects that gravity shifts will have on its growth and development."

Watermeal offers more than just scientific curiosity. It's a prolific producer of oxygen through photosynthesis and a rich source of protein. In Thailand, it has been part of the local diet for generations, appearing in dishes ranging from soups to salads.

To investigate how hypergravity impacts watermeal, the researchers placed samples in specially designed boxes equipped with LED lighting to replicate natural sunlight.

These boxes were subjected to hypergravity conditions, simulating 20 times Earth's gravity, within the LDC. Following two weeks of experimentation, the scientists will closely examine the watermeal plants and conduct detailed chemical analyses on solid pellet extracts.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/europes-first-fully-private-rocket-launch-takes-place-from-spain-643816">Europe's first fully private rocket launch takes place from Spain</a>

This analysis aims to uncover how watermeal responds to hypergravity conditions, providing insights into plant adaptability to varying gravity environments.

This research holds the promise of advancing space agriculture. Insights gained from studying watermeal could pave the way for cultivating plants in space environments, enabling astronauts to produce essential nutrition and oxygen during extended space missions. This research represents a significant step toward self-sustaining space exploration and the potential coloniSation of other celestial bodies.

&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

<iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe>

Scientists from Mahidol University in Thailand are conducting groundbreaking research into the potential of watermeal, the world's smallest flowering plant, as a source of nutrition and oxygen for astronauts.

Scientists from Mahidol University in Thailand are conducting groundbreaking research into the potential of watermeal, the world's smallest flowering plant, as a source of nutrition and oxygen for astronauts. Their study, conducted at the European Space Agency's (ESA) ESTEC technical centre in the Netherlands, involves subjecting watermeal to hypergravity conditions using ESA's Large Diameter Centrifuge (LDC). The LDC, with its impressive 8-meter diameter and four-arm design, allows scientists to replicate gravity levels up to 20 times that of Earth for extended periods. This exceptional facility is made accessible through the HyperGES programme, a collaboration between ESA and the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA). Watermeal: A unique study subject Watermeal, smaller even than duckweed, is an intriguing focus of this research. This rootless, stemless plant typically floats on the surface of water bodies in regions like Thailand and other parts of Asia. Its simplicity and rapid growth rate make it an ideal candidate for studying the effects of altered gravity on plant development. Tatpong Tulyananda, leading the Mahidol University team, explains their interest in watermeal: "Because watermeal doesn’t have any roots, stems or leaves, it is basically just a sphere floating on a body of water. That means we can focus directly on the effects that gravity shifts will have on its growth and development." Watermeal offers more than just scientific curiosity. It's a prolific producer of oxygen through photosynthesis and a rich source of protein. In Thailand, it has been part of the local diet for generations, appearing in dishes ranging from soups to salads. To investigate how hypergravity impacts watermeal, the researchers placed samples in specially designed boxes equipped with LED lighting to replicate natural sunlight. These boxes were subjected to hypergravity conditions, simulating 20 times Earth's gravity, within the LDC. Following two weeks of experimentation, the scientists will closely examine the watermeal plants and conduct detailed chemical analyses on solid pellet extracts. Also read | Europe's first fully private rocket launch takes place from Spain This analysis aims to uncover how watermeal responds to hypergravity conditions, providing insights into plant adaptability to varying gravity environments. This research holds the promise of advancing space agriculture. Insights gained from studying watermeal could pave the way for cultivating plants in space environments, enabling astronauts to produce essential nutrition and oxygen during extended space missions. This research represents a significant step toward self-sustaining space exploration and the potential coloniSation of other celestial bodies. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Earth's tiniest flowering plant could feed and oxygenate astronauts in space

NASA has reportedly requested for "lunar freezer" designs to ensure the secure storage of materials gathered from the moon during the upcoming Artemis missions, Space.com reported. The primary purpose of this freezer is to facilitate the safe transportation of scientific and geological samples collected during the Artemis programme.&nbsp;Additionally, NASA envisions the lunar freezer as a space for "human biological/physiological samples" acquired during these missions. This could allow for the study of the impact of lunar spaceflight on astronauts, the outlet reported&nbsp;quoting a request for information (RFI) posted to the federal contracting website SAM.gov.&nbsp;

<h2>Artemis 5 mission by 2027</h2>

NASA has set a target date of the end of 2027 for the completion of the lunar freezer, intending to launch it as part of the Artemis 5 mission. To facilitate its journey back to Earth from the lunar surface, the lunar freezer must be compatible with various vehicles, facilities, and spacecraft used by Artemis astronauts.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chandrayaan-3-lander-rover-sleep-forever-ex-isro-chief-says-no-hope-of-reviving-643520">Chandrayaan-3 lander, rover sleep forever? Ex-ISRO chief says 'no hope of reviving'</a>

These include the lunar rover, moon habitats, the Human Landing System (HLS), the Orion crew module, and the Gateway lunar outpost, a planned space station orbiting the moon.

<h2>Robust design</h2>

The lunar freezer design must be capable of withstanding the physical forces encountered during launch and landing, including vibrations and shocks. There are also specifications in terms of size, weight, and temperature. The internal volume of the lunar freezer should be a minimum of 10x10x26 inches (25x25x66 centimeters), with the entire system weighing less than 121 pounds (55 kilograms).

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/ozone-hole-over-antarctica-is-one-of-the-biggest-on-record-643483">Ozone hole over Antarctica is one of the biggest on record</a>

It also must maintain a temperature of minus 121 Fahrenheit (minus 85 Celsius) for at least 30 days to preserve the stored samples.

<h2>Advanced features&nbsp;</h2>

NASA requires the lunar freezer to include an onboard display for monitoring and control by Artemis crews. It should also have both wireless and wired internet connectivity to transmit telemetry to Artemis vehicles and ground stations on Earth.

Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/tracking-rupees-journey-since-1947-643588">Tracking Rupee's journey since 1947</a>

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/tracking-rupees-journey-since-1947-643588/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

Furthermore, the freezer should be capable of recording data related to its temperature, overall health, and status of its door (When and for how long the freezer's door is opened).

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

&nbsp;

 
&nbsp;

NASA has reportedly requested for "lunar freezer" designs to ensure the secure storage of materials gathered from the moon during the upcoming Artemis missions, Space.

NASA has reportedly requested for "lunar freezer" designs to ensure the secure storage of materials gathered from the moon during the upcoming Artemis missions, Space.com reported. The primary purpose of this freezer is to facilitate the safe transportation of scientific and geological samples collected during the Artemis programme. Additionally, NASA envisions the lunar freezer as a space for "human biological/physiological samples" acquired during these missions. This could allow for the study of the impact of lunar spaceflight on astronauts, the outlet reported quoting a request for information (RFI) posted to the federal contracting website SAM.gov. Artemis 5 mission by 2027 NASA has set a target date of the end of 2027 for the completion of the lunar freezer, intending to launch it as part of the Artemis 5 mission. To facilitate its journey back to Earth from the lunar surface, the lunar freezer must be compatible with various vehicles, facilities, and spacecraft used by Artemis astronauts. Also Read | Chandrayaan-3 lander, rover sleep forever? Ex-ISRO chief says 'no hope of reviving' These include the lunar rover, moon habitats, the Human Landing System (HLS), the Orion crew module, and the Gateway lunar outpost, a planned space station orbiting the moon. Robust design The lunar freezer design must be capable of withstanding the physical forces encountered during launch and landing, including vibrations and shocks. There are also specifications in terms of size, weight, and temperature. The internal volume of the lunar freezer should be a minimum of 10x10x26 inches (25x25x66 centimeters), with the entire system weighing less than 121 pounds (55 kilograms). Also Read | Ozone hole over Antarctica is one of the biggest on record It also must maintain a temperature of minus 121 Fahrenheit (minus 85 Celsius) for at least 30 days to preserve the stored samples. Advanced features NASA requires the lunar freezer to include an onboard display for monitoring and control by Artemis crews. It should also have both wireless and wired internet connectivity to transmit telemetry to Artemis vehicles and ground stations on Earth. Watch | Tracking Rupee's journey since 1947 × Furthermore, the freezer should be capable of recording data related to its temperature, overall health, and status of its door (When and for how long the freezer's door is opened). WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. ×

NASA seeks designs for 'lunar freezer' to safeguard moon mission samples

space

Space, News on Space, stories on Space, articles on Space, Space stories at Wion, Space news, Space latest news