Divorce is something we normally associate with humans. But, did you know birds too go through a divorce? A new study on bird breakups has revealed fascinating information. Affairs and lengthy spells of time apart can lead to divorce not just in humans but in birds too.

However, in contrast to human divorces, separation in birds is a bit different, it is not driven by emotions but rather something else. Here's all you need to know:

<h2>Bird divorces</h2>

As per a report in The Guardian, it is thought that approximately 90 per cent of bird species generally remain monogamous and have a single mate during a breeding season. However, some birds choose to divorce their partners and seek new mates for subsequent breeding seasons, even when their original mates are still alive.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/unveiling-the-depth-third-active-octopus-nursery-found-in-deep-sea-habitat-off-costa-rican-coast-watch-610518">Unveiling the depth: Third active octopus nursery found in deep-sea habitat off Costa Rican coast. Watch!</a>

This behaviour, known as "divorce" in birds, has intrigued researchers, who have sought to uncover the underlying factors behind these avian breakups. Earlier research had pegged the reason for avian separations as something to do with the "ultimate goal (which) is to maximise lifetime reproductive success."

Now, a team of researchers from China and Germany claims to have identified two key factors that contribute to divorce from a wide range of bird species: male promiscuity and long-distance migrations.&nbsp;The team published their findings in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

<h2>How did researchers analyse bird divorces?</h2>

To investigate the factors associated with divorce in birds, the researchers analysed divorce rates, mortality data, and migration distances for 232 bird species. They assigned separate "promiscuity scores" to males and females of each species based on existing information about their mating behaviour.&nbsp;

Additionally, they considered the evolutionary relationships between species to account for the impact of common ancestry.

<h2>Study findings</h2>

The results of the analysis revealed a notable pattern: species with high divorce rates tended to be closely related to each other, as did species with low divorce rates.&nbsp;

A similar pattern was observed for male promiscuity.&nbsp;

Certain bird species such as plovers, swallows, martins, orioles, and blackbirds exhibited both high divorce rates and male promiscuity, while others such as petrels, albatrosses, geese, and swans displayed low divorce rates and male promiscuity.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chinese-scientist-he-jiankui-proposes-controversial-gene-editing-research-on-embryos-611545">Chinese scientist He Jiankui proposes controversial gene-editing research on embryos</a>

Interestingly, the researchers found that higher male promiscuity correlated with higher divorce rates, while female promiscuity did not have the same effect.

<h2>Male promiscuity vs. female promiscuity</h2>

As per Dr Zitan Song of Germany's Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, a co-author, male promiscuity is characterised by dividing attention and resources among multiple females, which they say can diminish the male's commitment and make him less attractive as a partner for the next breeding season.&nbsp;

On the other hand, mating with multiple females can enhance a male bird's fitness.&nbsp;

However, the researchers suggested that female promiscuity might not lead to the same consequences because uncertainty about offspring paternity could result in increased male involvement in parental care.

<h2>What else can lead to divorce in birds?</h2>

The study also uncovered a relationship between divorce rates and migration distances. Birds with longer migration distances tended to have higher divorce rates.&nbsp;Asynchronous arrival at breeding destinations could lead to a situation where early-arriving birds mate with different partners, resulting in divorce. Additionally, migrating birds might land in different breeding sites, unintentionally causing divorce due to separation.&nbsp;

"After migrating, pairs may arrive at their destination asynchronously, leading to a situation where the early arrival might mate with a different partner, resulting in a ‘divorce’. Migration could also lead to pairs landing in different breeding sites, thereby causing ‘divorce’ due to accidental loss. This effect intensifies with increasing migration distance,” said Song.&nbsp;

"Divorce can aid in facilitating immediate breeding upon arrival, rather than waiting for a previous partner," she added.

Longer migrations also narrowed the window for breeding, which might contribute to divorce as pairs seek immediate breeding opportunities upon arrival.

The results as per the researchers suggest that divorce in birds is not simply a strategy to enhance an individual's fitness or a response to ecological factors like migration, but may be influenced by both.

Dr Samantha Patrick, a marine biology expert from the University of Liverpool who was not involved in the study, welcomed the research. As per The Guardian, she found the results linking migration asynchrony to divorce particularly interesting. She remarked that climate change could increase variability in migration timings and potentially raise divorce rates across species. "As the climate becomes more unpredictable migration timings may become more variable and this paper suggests that across species this could increase divorce rates."

(With inputs from agencies)

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Divorce is something we normally associate with humans. But, did you know birds too go through a divorce? A new study on bird breakups has revealed fascinating information.

Divorce is something we normally associate with humans. But, did you know birds too go through a divorce? A new study on bird breakups has revealed fascinating information. Affairs and lengthy spells of time apart can lead to divorce not just in humans but in birds too. However, in contrast to human divorces, separation in birds is a bit different, it is not driven by emotions but rather something else. Here's all you need to know: Bird divorces As per a report in The Guardian, it is thought that approximately 90 per cent of bird species generally remain monogamous and have a single mate during a breeding season. However, some birds choose to divorce their partners and seek new mates for subsequent breeding seasons, even when their original mates are still alive. Also read | Unveiling the depth: Third active octopus nursery found in deep-sea habitat off Costa Rican coast. Watch! This behaviour, known as "divorce" in birds, has intrigued researchers, who have sought to uncover the underlying factors behind these avian breakups. Earlier research had pegged the reason for avian separations as something to do with the "ultimate goal (which) is to maximise lifetime reproductive success." Now, a team of researchers from China and Germany claims to have identified two key factors that contribute to divorce from a wide range of bird species: male promiscuity and long-distance migrations. The team published their findings in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. How did researchers analyse bird divorces? To investigate the factors associated with divorce in birds, the researchers analysed divorce rates, mortality data, and migration distances for 232 bird species. They assigned separate "promiscuity scores" to males and females of each species based on existing information about their mating behaviour. Additionally, they considered the evolutionary relationships between species to account for the impact of common ancestry. Study findings The results of the analysis revealed a notable pattern: species with high divorce rates tended to be closely related to each other, as did species with low divorce rates. A similar pattern was observed for male promiscuity. Certain bird species such as plovers, swallows, martins, orioles, and blackbirds exhibited both high divorce rates and male promiscuity, while others such as petrels, albatrosses, geese, and swans displayed low divorce rates and male promiscuity. Also read | Chinese scientist He Jiankui proposes controversial gene-editing research on embryos Interestingly, the researchers found that higher male promiscuity correlated with higher divorce rates, while female promiscuity did not have the same effect. Male promiscuity vs. female promiscuity As per Dr Zitan Song of Germany's Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, a co-author, male promiscuity is characterised by dividing attention and resources among multiple females, which they say can diminish the male's commitment and make him less attractive as a partner for the next breeding season. On the other hand, mating with multiple females can enhance a male bird's fitness. However, the researchers suggested that female promiscuity might not lead to the same consequences because uncertainty about offspring paternity could result in increased male involvement in parental care. What else can lead to divorce in birds? The study also uncovered a relationship between divorce rates and migration distances. Birds with longer migration distances tended to have higher divorce rates. Asynchronous arrival at breeding destinations could lead to a situation where early-arriving birds mate with different partners, resulting in divorce. Additionally, migrating birds might land in different breeding sites, unintentionally causing divorce due to separation. "After migrating, pairs may arrive at their destination asynchronously, leading to a situation where the early arrival might mate with a different partner, resulting in a ‘divorce’. Migration could also lead to pairs landing in different breeding sites, thereby causing ‘divorce’ due to accidental loss. This effect intensifies with increasing migration distance,” said Song. "Divorce can aid in facilitating immediate breeding upon arrival, rather than waiting for a previous partner," she added. Longer migrations also narrowed the window for breeding, which might contribute to divorce as pairs seek immediate breeding opportunities upon arrival. The results as per the researchers suggest that divorce in birds is not simply a strategy to enhance an individual's fitness or a response to ecological factors like migration, but may be influenced by both. Dr Samantha Patrick, a marine biology expert from the University of Liverpool who was not involved in the study, welcomed the research. As per The Guardian, she found the results linking migration asynchrony to divorce particularly interesting. She remarked that climate change could increase variability in migration timings and potentially raise divorce rates across species. "As the climate becomes more unpredictable migration timings may become more variable and this paper suggests that across species this could increase divorce rates." (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained: Bird divorces are on the rise. Here's the fascinating reason behind avian breakups

Astronomers watched in awe as a supermassive blackhole began to consume its surrounding matter, emerging as a standout transient "switching on" event about 10 billion light-years away from earth.

Transients refer to celestial events or entities that undergo rapid changes in terms of the intensity of light.&nbsp; 
The particular phenomenon generated by this voracious black hole, named J221951, ranks among the most dazzling transients ever documented, according to a Space.com story.&nbsp;

The location of the black hole aligns with the center of a previously observed galaxy, precisely where a supermassive black hole would typically reside.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/images-of-black-hole-shows-fast-moving-jet-leaving-from-edge-586567">Images of black hole show fast-moving jet leaving from edge</a>

However, astronomers are yet to ascertain the precise cause behind the transient event observed in J221951.

"Our understanding of the different things that supermassive black holes can do has greatly expanded in recent years, with discoveries of stars being torn apart and accreting black holes with hugely variable luminosities," team member and University of Belfast astronomer Matt Nicholl, said in a statement. "J221951 is one of the most extreme examples yet of a black hole taking us by surprise."

Also watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: Scientists reveal the sound of a super massive black hole

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Presently, the nature of the material being devoured by the supermassive black hole remains unknown.&nbsp;

However, reports say that it is possible that J221951 represents a star that has ventured too close to the black hole, ultimately being torn apart by the immense gravitational forces in a process known as spaghettification.

The spaghettification of a star is not the sole mechanism that could account for the luminous transient event associated with the black hole in question.&nbsp;

Another possibility of such an event is that J221951 stems from the nucleus at the core of a galaxy transitioning from a dormant to an active state.

"Continued monitoring of J221951 to work out the total energy release might allow us to work out whether this is a tidal disruption of a star by a fast-spinning black hole or a new kind of AGN switch on," Nicholl added, while referring to Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) – the bright areas at the heart of galaxies that blast out enough light to drown out the combined light of every star in the rest of that galaxy.&nbsp;

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Astronomers watched in awe as a supermassive blackhole began to consume its surrounding matter, emerging as a standout transient "switching on" event about 10 billion light-years away from earth.

Astronomers watched in awe as a supermassive blackhole began to consume its surrounding matter, emerging as a standout transient "switching on" event about 10 billion light-years away from earth. Transients refer to celestial events or entities that undergo rapid changes in terms of the intensity of light. The particular phenomenon generated by this voracious black hole, named J221951, ranks among the most dazzling transients ever documented, according to a Space.com story. The location of the black hole aligns with the center of a previously observed galaxy, precisely where a supermassive black hole would typically reside. Also read | Images of black hole show fast-moving jet leaving from edge However, astronomers are yet to ascertain the precise cause behind the transient event observed in J221951. "Our understanding of the different things that supermassive black holes can do has greatly expanded in recent years, with discoveries of stars being torn apart and accreting black holes with hugely variable luminosities," team member and University of Belfast astronomer Matt Nicholl, said in a statement. "J221951 is one of the most extreme examples yet of a black hole taking us by surprise." Also watch | Gravitas: Scientists reveal the sound of a super massive black hole × Presently, the nature of the material being devoured by the supermassive black hole remains unknown. However, reports say that it is possible that J221951 represents a star that has ventured too close to the black hole, ultimately being torn apart by the immense gravitational forces in a process known as spaghettification. The spaghettification of a star is not the sole mechanism that could account for the luminous transient event associated with the black hole in question. Another possibility of such an event is that J221951 stems from the nucleus at the core of a galaxy transitioning from a dormant to an active state. "Continued monitoring of J221951 to work out the total energy release might allow us to work out whether this is a tidal disruption of a star by a fast-spinning black hole or a new kind of AGN switch on," Nicholl added, while referring to Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) – the bright areas at the heart of galaxies that blast out enough light to drown out the combined light of every star in the rest of that galaxy. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Blackhole caught gobbling up celestial matter leaving astronomers in awe

A new study has claimed that time passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today&nbsp;due to dilation in the early universe. The scientists arrived at the conclusion after observing a&nbsp;ferocious class of black holes called quasars.

The study published in&nbsp;the journal Nature Astronomy monitored a sample of 190 quasars for over two decades in multiple wavebands. The observations stretch back to about 12.3 billion years ago when the universe was roughly a tenth of its present age.&nbsp;

The scientists compared the brightness of these 190 quasars, dating to about 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang event to that of&nbsp;quasars existing today. In doing so, they found that certain fluctuations&nbsp;that occur in a particular amount of time today did so five times more slowly in the most ancient quasars.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-discover-supermassive-black-hole-at-heart-of-ancient-galaxy-597137">Also read |&nbsp;Astronomers discover supermassive black hole at the heart of ancient galaxy</a>

“We see things changing about five times slower than today.&nbsp;It’s like watching a movie with the speed turned down," said&nbsp;Geraint Lewis, lead author of the study at the Univesity of Sydney.&nbsp;

"What is observed over time is the quasar brightness. This fluctuates up and down, the result of lots of complicated physics in the disk of matter spinning around a black hole at almost light speed. This change in brightness is not simply a bright, fade, bright, fade. It looks more like the stock market, with small-scale jitters on longer-term changes, with some sharp fluctuations," he added.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nearest-supermassive-black-hole-awakens-from-dormancy-becomes-a-million-times-brighter-scientists-607935">Also read |&nbsp;Nearest supermassive black hole awakens from dormancy, becomes a million times brighter: Scientists</a>

<h2>What are quasars?</h2>

Quasars are supermassive black holes, often situated at the heart of a galaxy, millions to billions of times more massive than our Sun. Quasars are super hungry as they devour any matter in the vicinity by using their immense gravitational pull. They also emit tremendous amounts of radiation, including jets of high-energy particles,&nbsp;while a glowing disk of matter spins around them.

Renowned physicist&nbsp;Albert Einstein, in his general theory of relativity, posited that time and space are intertwined and that&nbsp;the universe has been expanding outward in all directions since the Big Bang. He said astronomers should see ancient cosmic events happen more slowly than modern ones. This effect is known as time dilation and the results published now, further clear his picture of an ever-expanding universe.&nbsp;

WATCH |&nbsp;How our sun will swallow the earth

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It's not to say that the time moved&nbsp;in slow motion back then. If you were to be transported back to that time, a second would still feel like a second to you. However, from the perspective of a person today, a second back then would unfold in five seconds now.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Christopher Nolan's highly-acclaimed movie Interstellar also touched upon the topic of time dilation. For the crew that went near the 'Gargantuan' black hole, time moved incredibly slowly while for those on Earth, it moved as it was supposed to. So while the astronauts near the black hole had only spent a few hours and aged a few hours, those on Earth had experienced an entire lifetime.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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A new study has claimed that time passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today due to dilation in the early universe. The scientists arrived at the conclusion after observing a ferocious class of black holes called quasars.

A new study has claimed that time passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today due to dilation in the early universe. The scientists arrived at the conclusion after observing a ferocious class of black holes called quasars. The study published in the journal Nature Astronomy monitored a sample of 190 quasars for over two decades in multiple wavebands. The observations stretch back to about 12.3 billion years ago when the universe was roughly a tenth of its present age. The scientists compared the brightness of these 190 quasars, dating to about 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang event to that of quasars existing today. In doing so, they found that certain fluctuations that occur in a particular amount of time today did so five times more slowly in the most ancient quasars. Also read | Astronomers discover supermassive black hole at the heart of ancient galaxy “We see things changing about five times slower than today. It’s like watching a movie with the speed turned down," said Geraint Lewis, lead author of the study at the Univesity of Sydney. "What is observed over time is the quasar brightness. This fluctuates up and down, the result of lots of complicated physics in the disk of matter spinning around a black hole at almost light speed. This change in brightness is not simply a bright, fade, bright, fade. It looks more like the stock market, with small-scale jitters on longer-term changes, with some sharp fluctuations," he added. Also read | Nearest supermassive black hole awakens from dormancy, becomes a million times brighter: Scientists What are quasars? Quasars are supermassive black holes, often situated at the heart of a galaxy, millions to billions of times more massive than our Sun. Quasars are super hungry as they devour any matter in the vicinity by using their immense gravitational pull. They also emit tremendous amounts of radiation, including jets of high-energy particles, while a glowing disk of matter spins around them. Renowned physicist Albert Einstein, in his general theory of relativity, posited that time and space are intertwined and that the universe has been expanding outward in all directions since the Big Bang. He said astronomers should see ancient cosmic events happen more slowly than modern ones. This effect is known as time dilation and the results published now, further clear his picture of an ever-expanding universe. WATCH | How our sun will swallow the earth It's not to say that the time moved in slow motion back then. If you were to be transported back to that time, a second would still feel like a second to you. However, from the perspective of a person today, a second back then would unfold in five seconds now. Christopher Nolan's highly-acclaimed movie Interstellar also touched upon the topic of time dilation. For the crew that went near the 'Gargantuan' black hole, time moved incredibly slowly while for those on Earth, it moved as it was supposed to. So while the astronauts near the black hole had only spent a few hours and aged a few hours, those on Earth had experienced an entire lifetime. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Scientists witness 'time dilation' in early universe, claims new research

He Jiankui, the Chinese scientist who faced international condemnation in 2018 for creating the first gene-edited children, has presented a new research proposal involving modifying human embryos to address the challenges of the ageing population. He, who was sentenced to three years in prison in 2019 for "illegal medical practices," resurfaced last year and announced the opening of a research lab in Beijing. Recently, he posted a research proposal on social media outlining plans to gene-edit mouse embryos and human-fertilised egg cells to investigate if a mutation can protect against Alzheimer's disease.

<h2>Juankui's new proposal&nbsp;</h2>

Notably, the proposed experiment would involve abnormal fertilised egg cells not suitable for implantation.&nbsp;

In a one-page document, the scientist&nbsp;proposed&nbsp;research involving gene-editing of mouse embryos and human fertilised egg cells or zygotes. He plans to test whether a mutation "confers protection against Alzheimer’s disease."&nbsp;

This reportedly will help with the nation's ageing population.

"The ageing population is of grave importance as both a socioeconomic issue and a strain on the medical system … Currently, there is no effective drug for Alzheimer’s disease," wrote the scientist in his proposal.

However, unlike previous experiments that landed him in jail, He stated that "government permits and ethical approval" would be required before any experimentation, emphasising that no human embryo would be implanted for pregnancy.

<h2>Government approvals</h2>

While it remains uncertain if He would obtain approval for such research in China, experts argue that the current proposal lacks scientific validity.&nbsp;

After He's previous research was exposed, Chinese authorities tightened regulations and ethical standards governing human gene editing. They banned He from engaging in assisted reproductive technology services and placed limitations on his work with human genetic resources.

Scientists and medical ethics experts have expressed concern and confusion about He's new proposal involving gene editing of embryos. Some consider the proposal to be more of a publicity stunt than a substantiated research agenda. Critics question the ethical implications of genetically modifying embryos to address a complex disease like Alzheimer's, which lacks a clear, single genetic cause. Experts argue that the proposal raises ethical, scientific, and safety concerns.

<h2>Experts criticise "violations" of ethics</h2>

The proposal attracted criticism from experts who drew parallels to He's earlier work, which was widely criticised for its ethical and safety concerns, as it had the potential to alter human DNA across generations.&nbsp;

In March of this year, over 200 Chinese scholars released a statement condemning He's "attitude and refusal to reflect on his criminal actions of violating ethics and regulations of gene editing."

As per CNN, they also called for regulatory authorities to launch a new investigation into the scientist's "alleged re‐violation of scientific integrity, ethical norms, laws and regulations."

"The ethical boundaries shall not be crossed," they remarked. 
&nbsp;

He Jiankui, the Chinese scientist who faced international condemnation in 2018 for creating the first gene-edited children, has presented a new research proposal involving modifying human embryos to address the challenges of the ageing population.

He Jiankui, the Chinese scientist who faced international condemnation in 2018 for creating the first gene-edited children, has presented a new research proposal involving modifying human embryos to address the challenges of the ageing population. He, who was sentenced to three years in prison in 2019 for "illegal medical practices," resurfaced last year and announced the opening of a research lab in Beijing. Recently, he posted a research proposal on social media outlining plans to gene-edit mouse embryos and human-fertilised egg cells to investigate if a mutation can protect against Alzheimer's disease. Juankui's new proposal Notably, the proposed experiment would involve abnormal fertilised egg cells not suitable for implantation. In a one-page document, the scientist proposed research involving gene-editing of mouse embryos and human fertilised egg cells or zygotes. He plans to test whether a mutation "confers protection against Alzheimer’s disease." This reportedly will help with the nation's ageing population. "The ageing population is of grave importance as both a socioeconomic issue and a strain on the medical system … Currently, there is no effective drug for Alzheimer’s disease," wrote the scientist in his proposal. However, unlike previous experiments that landed him in jail, He stated that "government permits and ethical approval" would be required before any experimentation, emphasising that no human embryo would be implanted for pregnancy. Government approvals While it remains uncertain if He would obtain approval for such research in China, experts argue that the current proposal lacks scientific validity. After He's previous research was exposed, Chinese authorities tightened regulations and ethical standards governing human gene editing. They banned He from engaging in assisted reproductive technology services and placed limitations on his work with human genetic resources. Scientists and medical ethics experts have expressed concern and confusion about He's new proposal involving gene editing of embryos. Some consider the proposal to be more of a publicity stunt than a substantiated research agenda. Critics question the ethical implications of genetically modifying embryos to address a complex disease like Alzheimer's, which lacks a clear, single genetic cause. Experts argue that the proposal raises ethical, scientific, and safety concerns. Experts criticise "violations" of ethics The proposal attracted criticism from experts who drew parallels to He's earlier work, which was widely criticised for its ethical and safety concerns, as it had the potential to alter human DNA across generations. In March of this year, over 200 Chinese scholars released a statement condemning He's "attitude and refusal to reflect on his criminal actions of violating ethics and regulations of gene editing." As per CNN, they also called for regulatory authorities to launch a new investigation into the scientist's "alleged re‐violation of scientific integrity, ethical norms, laws and regulations." "The ethical boundaries shall not be crossed," they remarked.

Chinese scientist He Jiankui proposes controversial gene-editing research on embryos

Is climate causing our brains to shrink? A recent study conducted by cognitive scientist Jeff Morgan Stibel from the Natural History Museum in California has uncovered a surprising link between climate change and a decline in the size of the human brain.

By analysing climate records and human remains spanning a 50,000-year period, Stibel's research sheds light on how humans develop and adapt in response to environmental stress, according to Science Alert. The findings, published in a paper, underscore the importance of understanding the impact of climate change on human brain size and, ultimately, human behaviour.

Stibel's investigation involved examining 298 specimens from the past 50,000 years, alongside natural records of global temperature, humidity, and rainfall.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/not-sleeping-enough-your-brain-might-be-eating-itself-319676">Not sleeping enough? Your brain might be eating itself</a>

<h2>What does the study reveal?</h2>

The results revealed a significant reduction in average brain size during periods of warmer climates&nbsp;compared to cooler ones. Stibel's earlier research on brain shrinkage served as the impetus for this study, as he sought to uncover the underlying causes behind this phenomenon.

In an interview with PsyPost's Mane Kara-Yakoubian, Stibel emphasised the critical need to comprehend changes in the human brain over time. He expressed his disappointment at the lack of research on this subject, stating, "We know the brain has grown across species over the past few million years, but we know very little about other macro-evolutionary trends."

To gather data, Stibel collected information on skull sizes from 10 published sources, resulting in 373 measurements taken from 298 human bones spanning 50,000 years.

To estimate brain sizes accurately, he adjusted for geographical region and gender by including estimations of body size.

To account for potential dating errors, Stibel categorised the fossils into groups based on their age and conducted his analysis using four different fossil age spans.

Additionally, he compared brain size to four climate records, including temperature data from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C, which provides precise temperature measurements spanning over 800,000 years.

Over the past 50,000 years, the Earth has experienced various climate fluctuations, including the Last Glacial Maximum, a period characterised by consistently colder temperatures until the end of the Late Pleistocene. Following this, the Holocene period witnessed rising average temperatures, leading up to the present day.

Stibel's analysis revealed a consistent pattern of changing brain size in Homo, correlated with fluctuations in climate as temperatures rose and fell.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/first-ever-scan-of-dying-human-brain-shows-astounding-results-455553">First ever scan of dying human brain shows astounding results</a>

Notably, humans experienced a significant decline in average brain size, amounting to just over 10.7 per cent, throughout the Holocene warming period, which occurred approximately 17,000 years after the last glacial maximum.

According to Stibel, brain size changes tend to occur thousands of years after the climate changes, suggesting that species-level adaptation often requires multiple generations. This evolutionary pattern manifested within a relatively brief period of 5,000 to 17,000 years, raising concerns about the potentially detrimental effects of ongoing global warming on human cognition.

Stibel argues that even a slight reduction in brain size among contemporary humans could have significant physiological implications that are not yet fully understood.

Furthermore, the analysis revealed that humidity and rainfall levels also influenced brain growth, albeit to a lesser extent compared to temperature. Dry spells exhibited a weak correlation with slightly larger brain volumes.

While the study establishes a clear relationship between climate change and differences in brain size, it acknowledges that climate alone does not account for all observed variations.

Stibel suggests that other factors such as ecosystem elements, indirect climate effects (such as, vegetation and net primary production), or non-climate factors like culture and technology could also contribute to changes in brain size.

&nbsp;

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Is climate causing our brains to shrink? A recent study conducted by cognitive scientist Jeff Morgan Stibel from the Natural History Museum in California has uncovered a surprising link between climate change and a decline in the size of the human brain.

Is climate causing our brains to shrink? A recent study conducted by cognitive scientist Jeff Morgan Stibel from the Natural History Museum in California has uncovered a surprising link between climate change and a decline in the size of the human brain. By analysing climate records and human remains spanning a 50,000-year period, Stibel's research sheds light on how humans develop and adapt in response to environmental stress, according to Science Alert. The findings, published in a paper, underscore the importance of understanding the impact of climate change on human brain size and, ultimately, human behaviour. Stibel's investigation involved examining 298 specimens from the past 50,000 years, alongside natural records of global temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Also read | Not sleeping enough? Your brain might be eating itself What does the study reveal? The results revealed a significant reduction in average brain size during periods of warmer climates compared to cooler ones. Stibel's earlier research on brain shrinkage served as the impetus for this study, as he sought to uncover the underlying causes behind this phenomenon. In an interview with PsyPost's Mane Kara-Yakoubian, Stibel emphasised the critical need to comprehend changes in the human brain over time. He expressed his disappointment at the lack of research on this subject, stating, "We know the brain has grown across species over the past few million years, but we know very little about other macro-evolutionary trends." To gather data, Stibel collected information on skull sizes from 10 published sources, resulting in 373 measurements taken from 298 human bones spanning 50,000 years. To estimate brain sizes accurately, he adjusted for geographical region and gender by including estimations of body size. To account for potential dating errors, Stibel categorised the fossils into groups based on their age and conducted his analysis using four different fossil age spans. Additionally, he compared brain size to four climate records, including temperature data from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C, which provides precise temperature measurements spanning over 800,000 years. Over the past 50,000 years, the Earth has experienced various climate fluctuations, including the Last Glacial Maximum, a period characterised by consistently colder temperatures until the end of the Late Pleistocene. Following this, the Holocene period witnessed rising average temperatures, leading up to the present day. Stibel's analysis revealed a consistent pattern of changing brain size in Homo, correlated with fluctuations in climate as temperatures rose and fell. Also read | First ever scan of dying human brain shows astounding results Notably, humans experienced a significant decline in average brain size, amounting to just over 10.7 per cent, throughout the Holocene warming period, which occurred approximately 17,000 years after the last glacial maximum. According to Stibel, brain size changes tend to occur thousands of years after the climate changes, suggesting that species-level adaptation often requires multiple generations. This evolutionary pattern manifested within a relatively brief period of 5,000 to 17,000 years, raising concerns about the potentially detrimental effects of ongoing global warming on human cognition. Stibel argues that even a slight reduction in brain size among contemporary humans could have significant physiological implications that are not yet fully understood. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that humidity and rainfall levels also influenced brain growth, albeit to a lesser extent compared to temperature. Dry spells exhibited a weak correlation with slightly larger brain volumes. While the study establishes a clear relationship between climate change and differences in brain size, it acknowledges that climate alone does not account for all observed variations. Stibel suggests that other factors such as ecosystem elements, indirect climate effects (such as, vegetation and net primary production), or non-climate factors like culture and technology could also contribute to changes in brain size. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Cognitive consequences: Study reveals startling link between climate change and shrinking of human brain

Siberian locals discovered a prehistoric lair of cave hyenas, which palaeontologists believe is the largest ancient hyena lair ever found in Asia. The cave in question is located in Khakassia, the Russian Republic located in southern Siberia, and contained bones of both predators and prey which date back to the Pleistocene epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago).

What did the palaeontologists find?

The locals had discovered the cave five years before the scientists could make their way there given the remoteness of the area and were unable to fully explore and examine the remains until last year. Researchers believe that it was a lair of cave hyenas for a long time and probably the largest one in Asia.&nbsp;

The cave contained around 400 kilogrammes of bones from both predator and prey animals – brown bears, wolves, rhinos, yaks, deer, bison, horses, rodents, birds, fish, and so on – dating back thousands of years. The site is said to be untouched for nearly 42,000 years. The bones have since been sent to the Russian city of Yekaterinburg for further analysis. 
 
Why cave hyenas?

A translated version of the statement released by the Russian institute, V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, said that palaeontologists also found two complete cave hyena skulls and suspect this is where they raised their cubs.&nbsp;

The researchers speculate that hyenas lived in the cave since the bones found had gnaw marks consistent with hyena teeth. Additionally, they also found bones of hyena pups which are also unusually intact after this long, considering their fragility which indicated that they were raised inside the cave.

“We even found a whole skull of a young (hyena), many lower jaws and milk teeth,” Dmitry Gimranov, senior researcher at the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said in a statement. The palaeontologists also found multiple whole skulls of young hyenas which could help them understand how their cubs grew, what they ate, and more.&nbsp;

He also spoke about how there is a similar one in Russia which was excavated at the end of the Soviet era but even there they did not find “so many remains of hyenas” or complete skulls.&nbsp;

“We already have two whole skulls - this is a very big rarity,” said Gimranov. He added, “In addition, we came across a series of bones in anatomical order. For example, in rhinos, the ulna and radius bones are together. This suggests that the hyenas dragged parts of the carcasses into the lair.”&nbsp; 
 
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Siberian locals discovered a prehistoric lair of cave hyenas, which palaeontologists believe is the largest ancient hyena lair ever found in Asia. The cave in question is located in Khakassia, the Russian Republic located in southern Siberia, and contained bones of both predators and prey which date back to the Pleistocene epoch (2.

Siberian locals discovered a prehistoric lair of cave hyenas, which palaeontologists believe is the largest ancient hyena lair ever found in Asia. The cave in question is located in Khakassia, the Russian Republic located in southern Siberia, and contained bones of both predators and prey which date back to the Pleistocene epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago). What did the palaeontologists find? The locals had discovered the cave five years before the scientists could make their way there given the remoteness of the area and were unable to fully explore and examine the remains until last year. Researchers believe that it was a lair of cave hyenas for a long time and probably the largest one in Asia. The cave contained around 400 kilogrammes of bones from both predator and prey animals – brown bears, wolves, rhinos, yaks, deer, bison, horses, rodents, birds, fish, and so on – dating back thousands of years. The site is said to be untouched for nearly 42,000 years. The bones have since been sent to the Russian city of Yekaterinburg for further analysis. Why cave hyenas? A translated version of the statement released by the Russian institute, V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, said that palaeontologists also found two complete cave hyena skulls and suspect this is where they raised their cubs. The researchers speculate that hyenas lived in the cave since the bones found had gnaw marks consistent with hyena teeth. Additionally, they also found bones of hyena pups which are also unusually intact after this long, considering their fragility which indicated that they were raised inside the cave. “We even found a whole skull of a young (hyena), many lower jaws and milk teeth,” Dmitry Gimranov, senior researcher at the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said in a statement. The palaeontologists also found multiple whole skulls of young hyenas which could help them understand how their cubs grew, what they ate, and more. He also spoke about how there is a similar one in Russia which was excavated at the end of the Soviet era but even there they did not find “so many remains of hyenas” or complete skulls. “We already have two whole skulls - this is a very big rarity,” said Gimranov. He added, “In addition, we came across a series of bones in anatomical order. For example, in rhinos, the ulna and radius bones are together. This suggests that the hyenas dragged parts of the carcasses into the lair.” WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Palaeontologists find over 42,000-year-old Asia’s largest lair for cave hyena

A European-built orbital satellite designed to research the mysterious cosmic phenomena known as dark energy and dark matter, was launched into space on Saturday from Florida. According to scientists dark energy and dark matter account for 95% of the known universe.

Europe's Euclid space telescope launched on mission to explore 'dark universe'

A team of international scientists have made a remarkable discovery of a new deep-sea octopus nursery at a low-temperature hydrothermal vent off the coast of Costa Rica. With this amazing find, the number of the world's known octopus nurseries now stands at three.&nbsp;

The researchers, as per the Schmidt Ocean Institute website, have also confirmed that the Dorado Outcrop, previously identified as a gathering site for deep-sea octopuses, is indeed an active nursery.

<h2>Other important discoveries</h2>

As per the scientists, the octopus species found in the nursery may be a new species of Muusoctopus, a genus of small to medium-sized octopuses that lack an ink sac.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-why-there-is-giant-hole-in-indian-ocean-where-earths-gravity-is-at-weakest-610337">Scientists find why there is giant ‘hole' in Indian Ocean, where Earth’s gravity is at weakest</a>

Furthermore, the expedition has provided evidence supporting the idea that certain deep-sea octopus species specifically seek out low-temperature hydrothermal vents for brooding their eggs. The site featured low-temperature hydrothermal venting at around seven&nbsp;degree&nbsp;Celsius.

<h2>Octopus Odyssey&nbsp;</h2>

The 19-day Octopus Odyssey expedition was led by Dr Beth Orcutt of the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences and Dr Jorge Cortes of the University of Costa Rica. The team of 18 researchers from various countries conducted their research aboard the research vessel Falkor.&nbsp;

Researchers discovered a previously unexplored unnamed outcrop where brooding octopuses were observed.&nbsp;They also witnessed the hatching of Muusoctopus octopuses, which helped dispel the notion that the Dorado Outcrop is unsuitable for octopus development.&nbsp;

When the nursery was initially discovered in 2013, it astounded scientists as it marked the first observation of female octopuses congregating to brood their eggs. However, no developing embryos were detected at the time, leading to doubts about the suitability of the conditions at the Dorado Outcrop for octopus growth.

The researchers used the ROV SuBastian, an underwater robot, to observe the seamounts and baby octopuses. The live dives were made available to the public in real-time through the live stream provided by the Schmidt Ocean Institute.&nbsp;

You can watch the fascinating underwater video here:

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<h2>New seamounts with new animal species discovered</h2>

The expedition also explored five previously unknown seamounts in the northwestern region of Costa Rica's waters. These seamounts displayed thriving biodiversity, and the researchers suspect that many of the hundreds of animal species observed there may be new to science.

Dr Jyotika Virmani, Executive Director of the Schmidt Ocean Institute, emphasised the significance of the discovery and said, "The discovery of a new active octopus nursery over 2,800 metres beneath the sea surface in Costa Rican waters proves there is still so much to learn about our oceans."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/budget-constraints-force-australia-to-abandon-billion-dollar-space-satellite-programme-610327">Budget constraints force Australia to abandon billion-dollar space satellite programme</a>

"The deep-sea off Costa Rica rides the edge of human imagination, with spectacular footage collected by ROV SuBastian of tripod fish, octopus hatchlings, and coral gardens. We look forward to continuing to help the world witness and study the wonders of our incredible ocean," she added.

<h2>Protection needed?</h2>

The seamounts, including the Dorado Outcrop, currently lack protection from human activities like fishing.&nbsp;

Half of the team involved in the expedition consisted of Costa Rican scientists, some of whom are reportedly working to assess the need for protection measures and the potential designation of marine protected areas for these seamounts.

In the laboratory, scientists will conduct examinations on sediment push cores, which hold immense value in terms of providing stratigraphic data about the seafloor and offering insights into microbial life.

As per Cortes, the expedition has not only provided valuable scientific data and samples but also serves as an opportunity to raise awareness about the richness of the deep-sea ecosystems in Costa Rica and the importance of their protection.

"This expedition to the Pacific deep waters of Costa Rica has been a superb opportunity for us to get to know our own country."

"The information, samples, and images are important to Costa Rica to show its richness and will be used for scientific studies, and outreach to raise awareness of what we have and why we should protect it."

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A team of international scientists have made a remarkable discovery of a new deep-sea octopus nursery at a low-temperature hydrothermal vent off the coast of Costa Rica.

A team of international scientists have made a remarkable discovery of a new deep-sea octopus nursery at a low-temperature hydrothermal vent off the coast of Costa Rica. With this amazing find, the number of the world's known octopus nurseries now stands at three. The researchers, as per the Schmidt Ocean Institute website, have also confirmed that the Dorado Outcrop, previously identified as a gathering site for deep-sea octopuses, is indeed an active nursery. Other important discoveries As per the scientists, the octopus species found in the nursery may be a new species of Muusoctopus, a genus of small to medium-sized octopuses that lack an ink sac. Also read | Scientists find why there is giant ‘hole' in Indian Ocean, where Earth’s gravity is at weakest Furthermore, the expedition has provided evidence supporting the idea that certain deep-sea octopus species specifically seek out low-temperature hydrothermal vents for brooding their eggs. The site featured low-temperature hydrothermal venting at around seven degree Celsius. Octopus Odyssey The 19-day Octopus Odyssey expedition was led by Dr Beth Orcutt of the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences and Dr Jorge Cortes of the University of Costa Rica. The team of 18 researchers from various countries conducted their research aboard the research vessel Falkor. Researchers discovered a previously unexplored unnamed outcrop where brooding octopuses were observed. They also witnessed the hatching of Muusoctopus octopuses, which helped dispel the notion that the Dorado Outcrop is unsuitable for octopus development. When the nursery was initially discovered in 2013, it astounded scientists as it marked the first observation of female octopuses congregating to brood their eggs. However, no developing embryos were detected at the time, leading to doubts about the suitability of the conditions at the Dorado Outcrop for octopus growth. The researchers used the ROV SuBastian, an underwater robot, to observe the seamounts and baby octopuses. The live dives were made available to the public in real-time through the live stream provided by the Schmidt Ocean Institute. You can watch the fascinating underwater video here: × New seamounts with new animal species discovered The expedition also explored five previously unknown seamounts in the northwestern region of Costa Rica's waters. These seamounts displayed thriving biodiversity, and the researchers suspect that many of the hundreds of animal species observed there may be new to science. Dr Jyotika Virmani, Executive Director of the Schmidt Ocean Institute, emphasised the significance of the discovery and said, "The discovery of a new active octopus nursery over 2,800 metres beneath the sea surface in Costa Rican waters proves there is still so much to learn about our oceans." Also read | Budget constraints force Australia to abandon billion-dollar space satellite programme "The deep-sea off Costa Rica rides the edge of human imagination, with spectacular footage collected by ROV SuBastian of tripod fish, octopus hatchlings, and coral gardens. We look forward to continuing to help the world witness and study the wonders of our incredible ocean," she added. Protection needed? The seamounts, including the Dorado Outcrop, currently lack protection from human activities like fishing. Half of the team involved in the expedition consisted of Costa Rican scientists, some of whom are reportedly working to assess the need for protection measures and the potential designation of marine protected areas for these seamounts. In the laboratory, scientists will conduct examinations on sediment push cores, which hold immense value in terms of providing stratigraphic data about the seafloor and offering insights into microbial life. As per Cortes, the expedition has not only provided valuable scientific data and samples but also serves as an opportunity to raise awareness about the richness of the deep-sea ecosystems in Costa Rica and the importance of their protection. "This expedition to the Pacific deep waters of Costa Rica has been a superb opportunity for us to get to know our own country." "The information, samples, and images are important to Costa Rica to show its richness and will be used for scientific studies, and outreach to raise awareness of what we have and why we should protect it." WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Unveiling the depth: Third active octopus nursery found in deep-sea habitat off Costa Rican coast. Watch!

A study published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, on Wednesday (June 28) found that an increase in temperatures leads to a substantial rise in domestic violence against women.&nbsp;

The South Asia-based study looks at three countries,&nbsp;India, Pakistan, and Nepal&nbsp;between 2010 and 2018, where thousands of girls and women spoke about their experience of emotional, physical and sexual violence.&nbsp;

It also noted that without any steps taken to limit emissions which contribute to global warming and climate change, in the 2090s, India might experience the highest rate of violence against women&nbsp;among the three countries studied.&nbsp;

<h2>What did the study find?</h2>

According to the study, one degree Celsius rise in average annual temperature was linked to an increase of more than 6.3 per cent in incidents of physical and sexual domestic violence across the three countries.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/world-earth-day-temperature-rising-in-europe-15700-deaths-due-to-heatwave-in-2022-says-un-585320">Temperature rising in Europe, 15,700 deaths due to heatwave in 2022, says UN</a>

The researchers tracked 194,871 girls and women aged between 15 and 49 to study the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its types which include physical, sexual, and emotional violence across India, Pakistan and Nepal.&nbsp;

“A significant association was found between high ambient temperature and the prevalence of IPV against women,” said the study, adding that with every one degree Celsius increase in the annual mean temperature, they noted a total of 4.49 per cent IPV prevalence.&nbsp;

The research also projected that IPV prevalence would increase by as much as 21 per cent by the end of this century under the “unlimited emissions scenarios.” However, if steps are taken to curb emissions contributing to climate change and global warming, the IPV prevalence would “moderately increase,” said the researchers. &nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/in-germany-a-third-of-men-find-violence-against-women-acceptable-study-603237">In Germany, a third of men find violence against women ‘acceptable': study</a>

In its projected increase in violence, the study also found that physical (28.3 per cent) and sexual violence (26.1 per cent) were significantly higher than emotional (8.9 per cent).&nbsp;

Speaking about the findings of the research, Michelle Bell, a professor of environmental health at Yale University and a co-author of the study, said there were “many potential pathways, both physiological and sociological, through which higher temperature could affect risk of violence”.&nbsp;

Extreme heat sets off a chain reaction of socio-economic effects like crop failures, and effects on income, and forces people to stay at home without any means to earn a daily wage, which puts a lot of pressure on households and gives rise to violence against women.&nbsp;

The study also found that IPV is significantly more prevalent in lower-income and rural households when compared to heat-related increases in violence in higher-income groups. The research was conducted across all income groups.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/data-lab-india-feels-the-heat-what-happens-if-the-current-warming-trend-continues-600497">Data Lab | India feels the heat: What happens if the current heatwave trend continues?&nbsp;</a>

“There is growing evidence that extreme heat can affect stress, lower inhibitions, increase aggression, and exacerbate mental illness,” said Bell, as quoted by the United Kingdom-based media outlet.&nbsp;

<h2>Heatwave in India and its relation with rise in domestic violence</h2>

According to the study, India is projected to witness the highest IPV prevalence in the 2090s among the three countries with 23.5 per cent when compared to Nepal (14.8 per cent) and Pakistan (5.9 per cent). This comes as India witnessed several&nbsp;heat-related deaths, earlier this year, with temperatures up to 45&nbsp;degree&nbsp;Celsius in certain parts of the country.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/heatwave-in-india-at-least-96-died-in-up-bihar-authorities-urges-people-to-stay-indoor-605985">Heatwave in India: Nearly 100 dead in UP &amp; Bihar, authorities urge people to stay indoors</a>

A former employee of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh’s Commission for Women and activist, Suniti Gargi, said that heatwaves in the country are common during summer and she believes that climate change is making them worse, said a report by the Guardian, adding that she also drew the connection between a rise in temperatures and levels of domestic violence.&nbsp;

“I’ve been seeing unusually high temperatures becoming more common,” &nbsp;said Gargi, as per the British media report. She added, “They cause tremendous economic stress in families. If a man can migrate to another state to get work, it can help keep the home fires burning but when he cannot for whatever reason, his wife is at the receiving end of his anger and feelings of uselessness.” 
 
 
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A study published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, on Wednesday (June 28) found that an increase in temperatures leads to a substantial rise in domestic violence against women.

A study published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, on Wednesday (June 28) found that an increase in temperatures leads to a substantial rise in domestic violence against women. The South Asia-based study looks at three countries, India, Pakistan, and Nepal between 2010 and 2018, where thousands of girls and women spoke about their experience of emotional, physical and sexual violence. It also noted that without any steps taken to limit emissions which contribute to global warming and climate change, in the 2090s, India might experience the highest rate of violence against women among the three countries studied. What did the study find? According to the study, one degree Celsius rise in average annual temperature was linked to an increase of more than 6.3 per cent in incidents of physical and sexual domestic violence across the three countries. ALSO READ | Temperature rising in Europe, 15,700 deaths due to heatwave in 2022, says UN The researchers tracked 194,871 girls and women aged between 15 and 49 to study the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its types which include physical, sexual, and emotional violence across India, Pakistan and Nepal. “A significant association was found between high ambient temperature and the prevalence of IPV against women,” said the study, adding that with every one degree Celsius increase in the annual mean temperature, they noted a total of 4.49 per cent IPV prevalence. The research also projected that IPV prevalence would increase by as much as 21 per cent by the end of this century under the “unlimited emissions scenarios.” However, if steps are taken to curb emissions contributing to climate change and global warming, the IPV prevalence would “moderately increase,” said the researchers. ALSO READ | In Germany, a third of men find violence against women ‘acceptable': study In its projected increase in violence, the study also found that physical (28.3 per cent) and sexual violence (26.1 per cent) were significantly higher than emotional (8.9 per cent). Speaking about the findings of the research, Michelle Bell, a professor of environmental health at Yale University and a co-author of the study, said there were “many potential pathways, both physiological and sociological, through which higher temperature could affect risk of violence”. Extreme heat sets off a chain reaction of socio-economic effects like crop failures, and effects on income, and forces people to stay at home without any means to earn a daily wage, which puts a lot of pressure on households and gives rise to violence against women. The study also found that IPV is significantly more prevalent in lower-income and rural households when compared to heat-related increases in violence in higher-income groups. The research was conducted across all income groups. ALSO READ | Data Lab | India feels the heat: What happens if the current heatwave trend continues? “There is growing evidence that extreme heat can affect stress, lower inhibitions, increase aggression, and exacerbate mental illness,” said Bell, as quoted by the United Kingdom-based media outlet. Heatwave in India and its relation with rise in domestic violence According to the study, India is projected to witness the highest IPV prevalence in the 2090s among the three countries with 23.5 per cent when compared to Nepal (14.8 per cent) and Pakistan (5.9 per cent). This comes as India witnessed several heat-related deaths, earlier this year, with temperatures up to 45 degree Celsius in certain parts of the country. ALSO READ | Heatwave in India: Nearly 100 dead in UP & Bihar, authorities urge people to stay indoors A former employee of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh’s Commission for Women and activist, Suniti Gargi, said that heatwaves in the country are common during summer and she believes that climate change is making them worse, said a report by the Guardian, adding that she also drew the connection between a rise in temperatures and levels of domestic violence. “I’ve been seeing unusually high temperatures becoming more common,” said Gargi, as per the British media report. She added, “They cause tremendous economic stress in families. If a man can migrate to another state to get work, it can help keep the home fires burning but when he cannot for whatever reason, his wife is at the receiving end of his anger and feelings of uselessness.” WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India might witness rise in domestic violence against women due to climate change: Study

Geoffrey Hinton, a prominent figure in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) who is often called one of the 'godfathers of AI', has called on governments to intervene and prevent machines from taking control of society. Speaking at the Collision tech conference in Toronto, Hinton emphasised the importance of understanding how AI might attempt to take control before it surpasses human intelligence.

Hinton, who recently left Google to speak more openly about the risks of AI, expressed his concern that the risks associated with AI should not be dismissed as science fiction or fear-mongering.

<h2>Take action now "before AI is smarter than us"</h2>

Speaking at the conference that brought together more than 30,000 investors, tech workers and startup founders, Hinton said: "Before AI is smarter than us, I think the people developing it should be encouraged to put a lot of work into understanding how it might try and take control away."

"Right now there are 99 very smart people trying to make AI better and one very smart person trying to figure out how to stop it taking over and maybe you want to be more balanced," he added.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/ai-attempts-to-bring-dead-back-to-life-give-people-closure-601951">AI attempts to bring dead back to life, give people closure</a>

Hinton emphasised that the risks associated with AI should not be dismissed as science fiction or fear-mongering. He stressed the importance of proactively considering and preparing for the real risks that AI presents.

"I think it's important that people understand that this is not science fiction, this is not just fear mongering," said the respected AI pioneer.&nbsp;

"It is a real risk that we must think about, and we need to figure out in advance how to deal with it," he insisted.

<h2>AI, social inequality and fake news</h2>

As per Hinton, it's not just the threat of a takeover, AI also threatens to deepen pre-existing inequalities. He argued that AI's benefits and productivity gains are likely to benefit the wealthy.

"The wealth isn't going to go to the people doing the work. It will go into making the rich richer and not the poorer and that's very bad for society."

Also read |&nbsp;​​​​​​​<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/wion-explains-upcoming-us-uk-elections-and-the-threat-of-ai-fueled-disinformation-594516">WION Explains: Upcoming US, UK elections and the threat of AI-fuelled disinformation</a>

Hinton also highlighted the problem of fake news generated by AI-powered systems like ChatGPT. He suggested the possibility of marking AI-generated content as fake, similar to how central banks watermark cash money, though he acknowledged technical challenges in implementing such a solution.

"It's very important to try, for example, to mark everything that is fake as fake. Whether we can do that technically, I don't know," he said.

<h2>It's not all bad</h2>

AFP reports that while Hinton focused on the risks and challenges of AI, other discussions at the conference were more optimistic, focusing on seizing the opportunities presented by AI advancements.&nbsp;

One participant Venture Capitalist Sarah Guo suggested that concerns about AI as an existential threat were premature, likening them to "talking about overpopulation on Mars. "

(With inputs from agencies)

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Geoffrey Hinton, a prominent figure in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) who is often called one of the 'godfathers of AI', has called on governments to intervene and prevent machines from taking control of society.

Geoffrey Hinton, a prominent figure in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) who is often called one of the 'godfathers of AI', has called on governments to intervene and prevent machines from taking control of society. Speaking at the Collision tech conference in Toronto, Hinton emphasised the importance of understanding how AI might attempt to take control before it surpasses human intelligence. Hinton, who recently left Google to speak more openly about the risks of AI, expressed his concern that the risks associated with AI should not be dismissed as science fiction or fear-mongering. Take action now "before AI is smarter than us" Speaking at the conference that brought together more than 30,000 investors, tech workers and startup founders, Hinton said: "Before AI is smarter than us, I think the people developing it should be encouraged to put a lot of work into understanding how it might try and take control away." "Right now there are 99 very smart people trying to make AI better and one very smart person trying to figure out how to stop it taking over and maybe you want to be more balanced," he added. Also read | AI attempts to bring dead back to life, give people closure Hinton emphasised that the risks associated with AI should not be dismissed as science fiction or fear-mongering. He stressed the importance of proactively considering and preparing for the real risks that AI presents. "I think it's important that people understand that this is not science fiction, this is not just fear mongering," said the respected AI pioneer. "It is a real risk that we must think about, and we need to figure out in advance how to deal with it," he insisted. AI, social inequality and fake news As per Hinton, it's not just the threat of a takeover, AI also threatens to deepen pre-existing inequalities. He argued that AI's benefits and productivity gains are likely to benefit the wealthy. "The wealth isn't going to go to the people doing the work. It will go into making the rich richer and not the poorer and that's very bad for society." Also read | WION Explains: Upcoming US, UK elections and the threat of AI-fuelled disinformation Hinton also highlighted the problem of fake news generated by AI-powered systems like ChatGPT. He suggested the possibility of marking AI-generated content as fake, similar to how central banks watermark cash money, though he acknowledged technical challenges in implementing such a solution. "It's very important to try, for example, to mark everything that is fake as fake. Whether we can do that technically, I don't know," he said. It's not all bad AFP reports that while Hinton focused on the risks and challenges of AI, other discussions at the conference were more optimistic, focusing on seizing the opportunities presented by AI advancements. One participant Venture Capitalist Sarah Guo suggested that concerns about AI as an existential threat were premature, likening them to "talking about overpopulation on Mars. " (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Godfather of AI calls for action 'before AI is smarter than us', warns looming takeover isn't science fiction

What would you do if you could modify your body to add mechanical parts? If you could just go up to a shop and ask for cyborg arms or legs? What would the society look like? This scenario does seem like something straight out of a science fiction comic. However, it is the reality that has been made possible by a Japan-based researcher and his team.&nbsp;

Masahiko Inami and his team have come up with robotic arms that can be worn by a user and can move in tune with a human.

<h2>Jizai Arms</h2>

The technology named "Jizai Arms" takes inspiration from 'The Arm', a quasi-horror traditional Japanese story by novelist Yasunari Kawabata. The short story revolves around an ageing man who becomes obsessed with a beautiful young woman and borrows one of her arms for the night.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/amid-shortage-hong-kongs-apartment-building-for-the-dead-offers-final-resting-place-at-58000-for-two-609053">Amid shortage Hong Kong's 'apartment building for the dead' offers final resting place at $58,000 for two</a>

As per Reuters, Inami and his team. are further developing a series of technologies, all rooted in the idea of "jizai". The Japanese term, as per Inami, roughly relates to autonomy and an individual's freedom to do as he pleases.

<h2>Why develop cyborg arms?</h2>

As per the researcher, the aim behind developing 'Jizai arms' is to foster a relationship similar to music and instrument between machine and man.&nbsp;

"Lying somewhere between a human and a tool, like how a musical instrument can become as if a part of your body," is how the University of Tokyo researcher describes it.

He says that rather than replace humans, the technology aims to "support us" and "unlock creativity".

"This is absolutely not a rival to human beings, but rather something that helps us do as we please, like a bicycle or e-bike. It supports us and can unlock creativity," said Inami.

<h2>What can the robot arms do?</h2>

If you're wondering how it would feel to wear the cyborg arms and whether it'll feel bulky or weighed down. Inami has revealed that many wearers actually grow attached to the arms.

While testing the technology, researchers discovered that "Taking them off after using them for a while feels a little sad. That's where they're a little different to other tools."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/previously-undocumented-effect-of-ivf-uncovered-helps-1-in-5-women-conceive-naturally-second-time-around-606828">Previously undocumented effect of IVF uncovered; helps 1-in-5 women conceive naturally second time around</a>&nbsp;

In a promotional video of the "Jizai Arms" ballet dancers can be seen performing a dance routine with the robotic arms strapped to their backs and torso. The humans and the machine can be seen moving in concert. The aesthetic dance routine ends with the two dancers embracing as their cyborg arms also envelop each other.

Watch the mesmerising video here:

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🦾💡 Jizai Arms: los brazos robóticos portátiles impulsados por IA 🔬🤖 
 
Los primeros de su tipo, creados por una empresa robótica japonesa, ofrecen una interacción única y natural con la IA y los robots. ¡El futuro se vuelve realidad! 🌟💪 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Tecnologia?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Tecnologia</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/JizaiArms?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#JizaiArms</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/IA?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#IA</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Rob%C3%B3tica?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Robótica</a> <a href="https://t.co/Z7x9J3Wq9O">pic.twitter.com/Z7x9J3Wq9O</a>
— iTree Training (@itreetraining) <a href="https://twitter.com/itreetraining/status/1671593830108528641?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 21, 2023</a></blockquote>
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These robot arms can do more than just dance or turn a novelist's imagination into reality. As per Inami, these can prove very useful in search and rescue missions. "In the future, we might see wings growing out of people's backs, or drones attached to people ... Maybe someone will come up with a sport that requires six arms or invent a new type of swimming," speculates the University of Tokyo researcher.

(With inputs from agencies)

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What would you do if you could modify your body to add mechanical parts? If you could just go up to a shop and ask for cyborg arms or legs? What would the society look like?

What would you do if you could modify your body to add mechanical parts? If you could just go up to a shop and ask for cyborg arms or legs? What would the society look like? This scenario does seem like something straight out of a science fiction comic. However, it is the reality that has been made possible by a Japan-based researcher and his team. Masahiko Inami and his team have come up with robotic arms that can be worn by a user and can move in tune with a human. Jizai Arms The technology named "Jizai Arms" takes inspiration from 'The Arm', a quasi-horror traditional Japanese story by novelist Yasunari Kawabata. The short story revolves around an ageing man who becomes obsessed with a beautiful young woman and borrows one of her arms for the night. Also read | Amid shortage Hong Kong's 'apartment building for the dead' offers final resting place at $58,000 for two As per Reuters, Inami and his team. are further developing a series of technologies, all rooted in the idea of "jizai". The Japanese term, as per Inami, roughly relates to autonomy and an individual's freedom to do as he pleases. Why develop cyborg arms? As per the researcher, the aim behind developing 'Jizai arms' is to foster a relationship similar to music and instrument between machine and man. "Lying somewhere between a human and a tool, like how a musical instrument can become as if a part of your body," is how the University of Tokyo researcher describes it. He says that rather than replace humans, the technology aims to "support us" and "unlock creativity". "This is absolutely not a rival to human beings, but rather something that helps us do as we please, like a bicycle or e-bike. It supports us and can unlock creativity," said Inami. What can the robot arms do? If you're wondering how it would feel to wear the cyborg arms and whether it'll feel bulky or weighed down. Inami has revealed that many wearers actually grow attached to the arms. While testing the technology, researchers discovered that "Taking them off after using them for a while feels a little sad. That's where they're a little different to other tools." Also read | Previously undocumented effect of IVF uncovered; helps 1-in-5 women conceive naturally second time around In a promotional video of the "Jizai Arms" ballet dancers can be seen performing a dance routine with the robotic arms strapped to their backs and torso. The humans and the machine can be seen moving in concert. The aesthetic dance routine ends with the two dancers embracing as their cyborg arms also envelop each other. Watch the mesmerising video here: 🦾💡 Jizai Arms: los brazos robóticos portátiles impulsados por IA 🔬🤖 Los primeros de su tipo, creados por una empresa robótica japonesa, ofrecen una interacción única y natural con la IA y los robots. ¡El futuro se vuelve realidad! 🌟💪 #Tecnologia #JizaiArms #IA #Robótica pic.twitter.com/Z7x9J3Wq9O — iTree Training (@itreetraining) June 21, 2023 × These robot arms can do more than just dance or turn a novelist's imagination into reality. As per Inami, these can prove very useful in search and rescue missions. "In the future, we might see wings growing out of people's backs, or drones attached to people ... Maybe someone will come up with a sport that requires six arms or invent a new type of swimming," speculates the University of Tokyo researcher. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Japanese researchers turn horror story to reality, develop cyborg 'Jizai Arms' that can be strapped on. Watch!

Dolphins are known to have unique personality traits similar to humans as they play and socialise with people. However, a recent study has found that dolphins also do something very common among humans - their mothers coo to their babies.

In a study, published on Monday, the researchers found that the tone of female bottlenose dolphins changes when they address their calves as they use a particular kind of high-pitched baby talk.&nbsp;

The signature whistles of 19 mother dolphins were recorded by the researchers in Florida when they were along with their young offspring and when they were swimming alone or were accompanied by other adults. The signature whistle of dolphins is unique and is an important signal which is similar to calling out their own name. &nbsp;&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/australian-non-profit-files-police-complaint-over-toxic-dolphin-meat-sold-in-japan-583832">Australian non-profit files police complaint over ‘toxic’ dolphin meat sold in Japan</a>

“They use these whistles to keep track of each other. They’re periodically saying, ‘I’m here, I’m here’,” stated study co-author Laela Sayigh, who works as a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution marine biologist in Massachusetts.

When the mother directs the signal to their calves, her whistle pitch is higher, as per the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

“That was true for every one of the mums in the study, all 19 of them,” stated biologist Peter Tyack, a study co-author from the University of St Andrews in Scotland.

It was no simple feat to obtain this data about dolphins. The data, which has been obtained in more than three decades, was collected by special microphones placed multiple times by the scientists on the same wild dolphin mothers in Florida’s Sarasota Bay for recording their signature whistles. This experiment included years when dolphins had calves and when they didn't, as the babies stay with their mothers for an average of three years in Sarasota. Meanwhile, fathers don’t play a prolonged role in parenting.

WATCH |&nbsp;Hundreds of dolphins and sea lions die in California due to toxic algae | Trending on WION

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“This is unprecedented, absolutely fantastic data,” stated Mauricio Cantor, an Oregon State University marine biologist who was not involved in the study. “This study is the result of so much research effort," Cantor added. &nbsp;

To study the dolphins, the researchers solely focused on the signature call, so they remain unaware if the&nbsp;same baby talk is used by the dolphins for other exchanges.&nbsp;

“It would make sense if there are similar adaptations in bottlenose dolphins – a long-lived, highly acoustic species,” where calves need to learn to vocalise many sounds to communicate, stated Frants Jensen, who is a behavioural ecologist at Denmark’s Aarhus University and a study co-author.&nbsp;

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Dolphins are known to have unique personality traits similar to humans as they play and socialise with people. However, a recent study has found that dolphins also do something very common among humans - their mothers coo to their babies.

Dolphins are known to have unique personality traits similar to humans as they play and socialise with people. However, a recent study has found that dolphins also do something very common among humans - their mothers coo to their babies. In a study, published on Monday, the researchers found that the tone of female bottlenose dolphins changes when they address their calves as they use a particular kind of high-pitched baby talk. The signature whistles of 19 mother dolphins were recorded by the researchers in Florida when they were along with their young offspring and when they were swimming alone or were accompanied by other adults. The signature whistle of dolphins is unique and is an important signal which is similar to calling out their own name. ALSO READ | Australian non-profit files police complaint over ‘toxic’ dolphin meat sold in Japan “They use these whistles to keep track of each other. They’re periodically saying, ‘I’m here, I’m here’,” stated study co-author Laela Sayigh, who works as a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution marine biologist in Massachusetts. When the mother directs the signal to their calves, her whistle pitch is higher, as per the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “That was true for every one of the mums in the study, all 19 of them,” stated biologist Peter Tyack, a study co-author from the University of St Andrews in Scotland. It was no simple feat to obtain this data about dolphins. The data, which has been obtained in more than three decades, was collected by special microphones placed multiple times by the scientists on the same wild dolphin mothers in Florida’s Sarasota Bay for recording their signature whistles. This experiment included years when dolphins had calves and when they didn't, as the babies stay with their mothers for an average of three years in Sarasota. Meanwhile, fathers don’t play a prolonged role in parenting. WATCH | Hundreds of dolphins and sea lions die in California due to toxic algae | Trending on WION “This is unprecedented, absolutely fantastic data,” stated Mauricio Cantor, an Oregon State University marine biologist who was not involved in the study. “This study is the result of so much research effort," Cantor added. To study the dolphins, the researchers solely focused on the signature call, so they remain unaware if the same baby talk is used by the dolphins for other exchanges. “It would make sense if there are similar adaptations in bottlenose dolphins – a long-lived, highly acoustic species,” where calves need to learn to vocalise many sounds to communicate, stated Frants Jensen, who is a behavioural ecologist at Denmark’s Aarhus University and a study co-author. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Dolphins pamper their little ones with ‘baby talk’, a study tells how

As per a comprehensive review of global energy data conducted by the Energy Institute, greenhouse gas emissions from the energy industry reached new highs in 2022, despite record growth in wind and solar power.&nbsp;

<h2>Fossil fuel consumption in 2022</h2>

The report by the Energy Institute was published in partnership with KPMG and the consultancy Kearney. It revealed that fossil fuels accounted for 82 per cent of the world's total energy consumption and that this caused a 0.8 per cent spike in greenhouse gas emissions as overall energy usage rose.&nbsp;

As per the report, the continued growth in global energy consumption is expected to increase further, which it says could result in higher emissions following the lifting of Covid travel restrictions in China.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-coast-guard-investigation-to-recover-titan-submersible-debris-to-lookout-for-human-remains-608749">US Coast Guard launches investigation to recover Titan submersible debris, to lookout for human remains</a>

Energy Institute's president Juliet Davenport said that "Despite further strong growth in wind and solar in the power sector, overall global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions increased again. We are still heading in the opposite direction to that required by the Paris agreement."

<h2>Increased demand for non-renewable energy sources</h2>

Global oil demand rose by 2.9 million barrels per day in 2022, reaching an average of 97.3 million bpd, driven in part by the resumption of global economic activity after the Covid pandemic.&nbsp;

Coal demand also increased by 0.6 per cent, driven by India and China, reaching levels not seen since 2014.&nbsp;

<h2>Renewable energy</h2>

Although renewable energy sources, excluding hydropower, met 7.5 per cent of the world's energy demand in 2022 — which is a 1 per cent increase from the previous year — the rise was overshadowed by a modest 1.1 increase in global energy consumption. This led to a greater reliance on oil and coal to meet the demand.&nbsp;

In 2022, solar energy output increased by 25 per cent. Compared to the previous year, wind power output also grew by 13.5 per cent.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/texas-airport-worker-dies-after-being-sucked-into-plane-engine-investigation-underway-608687">US: Airport worker dies after being sucked into plane engine; investigation underway</a>

Simon Virley, the head of energy and natural resources at KPMG, emphasised that despite the growth in renewables, the share of energy derived from fossil fuels remains struck at 82 per cent.

"Despite record growth in renewables, the share of world energy still coming from fossil fuels remains stubbornly stuck at 82 per cent, which should act as a clarion call for governments to inject more urgency into the energy transition."

<h2>Paris climate targets</h2>

The report warns that without urgent action, high energy-related emissions could undermine the goals of the Paris climate agreement, which aims to reduce emissions by half by the end of the decade to prevent severe global heating.

The Energy Institute's report highlights the importance of urgent action by global governments to align with the Paris targets.&nbsp;

Richard Forrest, the head of global sustainability at Kearney, said that the rise in greenhouse gas emissions reinforced the need for "urgent action to get the world on track to meet the Paris targets". He remarked that the need to deliver clean, affordable and secure energy "has never been greater".

(With inputs from agencies)

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As per a comprehensive review of global energy data conducted by the Energy Institute, greenhouse gas emissions from the energy industry reached new highs in 2022, despite record growth in wind and solar power.

As per a comprehensive review of global energy data conducted by the Energy Institute, greenhouse gas emissions from the energy industry reached new highs in 2022, despite record growth in wind and solar power. Fossil fuel consumption in 2022 The report by the Energy Institute was published in partnership with KPMG and the consultancy Kearney. It revealed that fossil fuels accounted for 82 per cent of the world's total energy consumption and that this caused a 0.8 per cent spike in greenhouse gas emissions as overall energy usage rose. As per the report, the continued growth in global energy consumption is expected to increase further, which it says could result in higher emissions following the lifting of Covid travel restrictions in China. Also read | US Coast Guard launches investigation to recover Titan submersible debris, to lookout for human remains Energy Institute's president Juliet Davenport said that "Despite further strong growth in wind and solar in the power sector, overall global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions increased again. We are still heading in the opposite direction to that required by the Paris agreement." Increased demand for non-renewable energy sources Global oil demand rose by 2.9 million barrels per day in 2022, reaching an average of 97.3 million bpd, driven in part by the resumption of global economic activity after the Covid pandemic. Coal demand also increased by 0.6 per cent, driven by India and China, reaching levels not seen since 2014. Renewable energy Although renewable energy sources, excluding hydropower, met 7.5 per cent of the world's energy demand in 2022 — which is a 1 per cent increase from the previous year — the rise was overshadowed by a modest 1.1 increase in global energy consumption. This led to a greater reliance on oil and coal to meet the demand. In 2022, solar energy output increased by 25 per cent. Compared to the previous year, wind power output also grew by 13.5 per cent. Also read | US: Airport worker dies after being sucked into plane engine; investigation underway Simon Virley, the head of energy and natural resources at KPMG, emphasised that despite the growth in renewables, the share of energy derived from fossil fuels remains struck at 82 per cent. "Despite record growth in renewables, the share of world energy still coming from fossil fuels remains stubbornly stuck at 82 per cent, which should act as a clarion call for governments to inject more urgency into the energy transition." Paris climate targets The report warns that without urgent action, high energy-related emissions could undermine the goals of the Paris climate agreement, which aims to reduce emissions by half by the end of the decade to prevent severe global heating. The Energy Institute's report highlights the importance of urgent action by global governments to align with the Paris targets. Richard Forrest, the head of global sustainability at Kearney, said that the rise in greenhouse gas emissions reinforced the need for "urgent action to get the world on track to meet the Paris targets". He remarked that the need to deliver clean, affordable and secure energy "has never been greater". (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Global greenhouse gas emissions hit new highs in 2022 despite growth in renewables: Report

In a remarkable revelation, scientists have observed that our closest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has emerged from a prolonged state of dormancy and intensified its luminosity by a factor of a million.

Situated at the core of the Milky Way, this black hole is approximately four million times more massive than the Sun. Previously considered quiescent, it suddenly displayed heightened activity around 200 years ago, devouring cosmic objects that ventured too close, reported the Independent.

The resulting surge in brightness occurred rapidly, analogous to a hidden glow-worm in a forest instantly radiating sunlight, according to researchers. While the precise cause of this awakening remains unknown, scientists are dedicated to studying the black hole's behaviour in order to unravel the factors that trigger such transitions from quiescence to activity.

<h2>Unveiling the extraordinary event</h2>

Scientists recently made a groundbreaking discovery by detecting an X-ray "echo" from centuries ago, shedding light on the intense event surrounding Sagittarius A*.

This finding also provides an explanation for the brilliant luminosity observed in galactic molecular clouds surrounding the black hole. It is suggested that these clouds are reflecting the X-rays emitted by the black hole during the early 19th century. The remarkable research, published in the journal Nature under the title "X-ray polarisation evidence for a 200 years-old flare of Sgr A*," unveils insights into this unprecedented phenomenon.

Also read |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indian-astronaut-to-fly-to-international-space-station-in-2024-what-does-it-mean-for-gaganyaan-607731"> Indian astronaut to fly to International Space Station in 2024. What does it mean for Gaganyaan?</a>

<h2>Overcoming past limitations</h2>

The examination of X-rays in this manner had previously been unattainable. However, scientists achieved this feat through the utilisation of NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), which enhanced their ability to detect X-ray light with remarkable precision and specificity. This technological advancement allowed for a deeper understanding of the characteristics and behaviour of the supermassive black hole.

<h2>Continued exploration and unanswered questions</h2>

Despite the groundbreaking discoveries surrounding Sagittarius A*'s sudden surge in activity, the precise cause behind its awakening remains a puzzle. Researchers are committed to further investigating the black hole and its transition from quiescence to gain insights into the mechanisms that drive such transformations. By unravelling the mysteries surrounding the behaviour of black holes, scientists hope to deepen our understanding of these enigmatic cosmic entities.

The recent awakening of Sagittarius A* has profound implications for the field of astrophysics. Understanding the triggers that cause black holes to transition from dormancy to activity can provide crucial insights into the processes governing their evolution and behaviour. Additionally, studying the X-ray emissions and their effects on surrounding galactic structures offers valuable information for comprehending the interplay between black holes and their cosmic environments.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-to-team-up-with-nasa-for-joint-mission-to-iss-report-607356">India to team up with NASA for joint mission to ISS: Report</a>

The startling resurgence of activity in our nearest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has captivated scientists and astronomers alike. Through the utilisation of advanced technology, researchers have uncovered the echoes of an intense event that occurred around two centuries ago, shedding light on the bright glow observed in galactic molecular clouds. With the aid of NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, scientists are delving into the intricate nature of black holes, seeking to unravel the mysteries surrounding their dormant and active states.&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

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In a remarkable revelation, scientists have observed that our closest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has emerged from a prolonged state of dormancy and intensified its luminosity by a factor of a million.

In a remarkable revelation, scientists have observed that our closest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has emerged from a prolonged state of dormancy and intensified its luminosity by a factor of a million. Situated at the core of the Milky Way, this black hole is approximately four million times more massive than the Sun. Previously considered quiescent, it suddenly displayed heightened activity around 200 years ago, devouring cosmic objects that ventured too close, reported the Independent. The resulting surge in brightness occurred rapidly, analogous to a hidden glow-worm in a forest instantly radiating sunlight, according to researchers. While the precise cause of this awakening remains unknown, scientists are dedicated to studying the black hole's behaviour in order to unravel the factors that trigger such transitions from quiescence to activity. Unveiling the extraordinary event Scientists recently made a groundbreaking discovery by detecting an X-ray "echo" from centuries ago, shedding light on the intense event surrounding Sagittarius A*. This finding also provides an explanation for the brilliant luminosity observed in galactic molecular clouds surrounding the black hole. It is suggested that these clouds are reflecting the X-rays emitted by the black hole during the early 19th century. The remarkable research, published in the journal Nature under the title "X-ray polarisation evidence for a 200 years-old flare of Sgr A*," unveils insights into this unprecedented phenomenon. Also read | Indian astronaut to fly to International Space Station in 2024. What does it mean for Gaganyaan? Overcoming past limitations The examination of X-rays in this manner had previously been unattainable. However, scientists achieved this feat through the utilisation of NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), which enhanced their ability to detect X-ray light with remarkable precision and specificity. This technological advancement allowed for a deeper understanding of the characteristics and behaviour of the supermassive black hole. Continued exploration and unanswered questions Despite the groundbreaking discoveries surrounding Sagittarius A*'s sudden surge in activity, the precise cause behind its awakening remains a puzzle. Researchers are committed to further investigating the black hole and its transition from quiescence to gain insights into the mechanisms that drive such transformations. By unravelling the mysteries surrounding the behaviour of black holes, scientists hope to deepen our understanding of these enigmatic cosmic entities. The recent awakening of Sagittarius A* has profound implications for the field of astrophysics. Understanding the triggers that cause black holes to transition from dormancy to activity can provide crucial insights into the processes governing their evolution and behaviour. Additionally, studying the X-ray emissions and their effects on surrounding galactic structures offers valuable information for comprehending the interplay between black holes and their cosmic environments. Also read | India to team up with NASA for joint mission to ISS: Report The startling resurgence of activity in our nearest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has captivated scientists and astronomers alike. Through the utilisation of advanced technology, researchers have uncovered the echoes of an intense event that occurred around two centuries ago, shedding light on the bright glow observed in galactic molecular clouds. With the aid of NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, scientists are delving into the intricate nature of black holes, seeking to unravel the mysteries surrounding their dormant and active states. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Nearest supermassive black hole awakens from dormancy, becomes a million times brighter: Scientists 

Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to push the boundaries of what was once thought impossible. Its remarkable prediction capabilities have captured widespread attention. From predicting stock market trends to diagnosing diseases, the technology has demonstrated an uncanny ability to analyse vast amounts of data and make accurate forecasts.&nbsp;

Now, new research conducted by a team of researchers from Denmark and Sweden suggests that artificial intelligence may be able to predict a person's political views based on their appearance, posing potential privacy concerns.&nbsp;

<h2>Study findings</h2>

The study found that the AI model accurately predicted the political affiliations of people in around 61 per cent of cases.&nbsp;

As per the research published in the journal Nature, variations in facial expressions were linked to political views. The model concluded that, due to their smiles, "both male and female right-wing composites appeared happier than their left-wing counterparts",&nbsp;while liberal candidates displayed more neutral expressions.

Women who exhibited a facial expression of contempt — neutral eyes and one corner of the lips lifted — were associated with more liberal politics by the model.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/previously-undocumented-effect-of-ivf-uncovered-helps-1-in-5-women-conceive-naturally-second-time-around-606828">Previously undocumented effect of IVF uncovered; helps 1-in-5 women conceive naturally second time around</a>

The researchers also observed a correlation between a candidate's level of attractiveness and their political ideology.&nbsp;

As per Business Insider, women deemed attractive by their beauty scores were predicted to have conservative views, although there was no similar correlation found between men's attractiveness and right-wing leanings.

"Politicians on the right have been found to be more attractive than those on the&nbsp;left," states the study.

<h2>What data set was used?</h2>

The study aimed to demonstrate the privacy threat resulting from the combination of deep learning techniques and easily accessible photographs. For this purpose, the researchers used a dataset of 3,233 images of Danish political candidates and employed facial recognition and predictive analytics to assess facial expressions and attractiveness scores.

<h2>How is this ability a threat?</h2>

The findings raise concerns about how AI can perpetuate stereotypes and biases. AI models trained on preconceived notions of beauty standards and gender can reinforce existing stereotypes, potentially leading to biased outcomes in various domains, including hiring decisions.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-lab-grown-human-embryos-ethical-conundrums-and-emerging-frontiers-606451">Explained | Lab-grown human embryos: Ethical conundrums and emerging frontiers</a>

"Facial photographs are commonly available to potential employers, and those involved in hiring decisions self-declare a willingness to discriminate based on ideology. Members of the public may thus be aided by recognising what elements of their photographs could affect their chances of employment," write the researchers.&nbsp;The study's results also shed light on the implications of advanced technologies, such as AI, in reinforcing perceptions about specific demographics.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to push the boundaries of what was once thought impossible. Its remarkable prediction capabilities have captured widespread attention.

Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to push the boundaries of what was once thought impossible. Its remarkable prediction capabilities have captured widespread attention. From predicting stock market trends to diagnosing diseases, the technology has demonstrated an uncanny ability to analyse vast amounts of data and make accurate forecasts. Now, new research conducted by a team of researchers from Denmark and Sweden suggests that artificial intelligence may be able to predict a person's political views based on their appearance, posing potential privacy concerns. Study findings The study found that the AI model accurately predicted the political affiliations of people in around 61 per cent of cases. As per the research published in the journal Nature, variations in facial expressions were linked to political views. The model concluded that, due to their smiles, "both male and female right-wing composites appeared happier than their left-wing counterparts", while liberal candidates displayed more neutral expressions. Women who exhibited a facial expression of contempt — neutral eyes and one corner of the lips lifted — were associated with more liberal politics by the model. Also read | Previously undocumented effect of IVF uncovered; helps 1-in-5 women conceive naturally second time around The researchers also observed a correlation between a candidate's level of attractiveness and their political ideology. As per Business Insider, women deemed attractive by their beauty scores were predicted to have conservative views, although there was no similar correlation found between men's attractiveness and right-wing leanings. "Politicians on the right have been found to be more attractive than those on the left," states the study. What data set was used? The study aimed to demonstrate the privacy threat resulting from the combination of deep learning techniques and easily accessible photographs. For this purpose, the researchers used a dataset of 3,233 images of Danish political candidates and employed facial recognition and predictive analytics to assess facial expressions and attractiveness scores. How is this ability a threat? The findings raise concerns about how AI can perpetuate stereotypes and biases. AI models trained on preconceived notions of beauty standards and gender can reinforce existing stereotypes, potentially leading to biased outcomes in various domains, including hiring decisions. Also read | Explained | Lab-grown human embryos: Ethical conundrums and emerging frontiers "Facial photographs are commonly available to potential employers, and those involved in hiring decisions self-declare a willingness to discriminate based on ideology. Members of the public may thus be aided by recognising what elements of their photographs could affect their chances of employment," write the researchers. The study's results also shed light on the implications of advanced technologies, such as AI, in reinforcing perceptions about specific demographics. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Research suggests AI can predict political views based on facial analysis, raising privacy concerns

A new study has left scientists surprised and concerned after it was found that humans have pumped out so much groundwater in the past two decades that it has shifted the tilt of the Earth’s axis. According to the findings of the research published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal by the American Geophysical Union, the Earth has tilted as much as 80 centimetres (31.5 inches) between 1993 and 2010, which has been attributed to humans pumping out groundwater and moving it elsewhere.&nbsp;

<h2>How much groundwater has been extracted?</h2>

The study, based on climate models, has said that an estimated 2,150 gigatonnes of water have been pumped out between 1993 and 2010 which is enough water to fill Lake Victoria in Africa and would weigh as much as 5.5 million Empire State Buildings.&nbsp;

Additionally, the extracted water which ended up in the oceans also contributed to six millimetres of sea level rise. However, the researchers have noted that validating this estimate is difficult.&nbsp;

<h2>Earth’s axis and water</h2>

The phenomenon of water’s influence on Earth’s rotation was discovered in 2016 but until recent research, there was nothing known about the contribution of groundwater to these changes on the planet’s axis.&nbsp;

The researchers for this study first modelled the observed changes in the drift of Earth’s rotational pole and the movement of water with only ice sheets and glaciers and later with different scenarios of groundwater redistribution.

It was found that the model only matched the observed polar drift once the researchers included 2150 gigatones of groundwater redistribution without which it was off by around 78.5 centimetres (31 inches), or 4.3 centimetres (1.7 inches) of drift per year.&nbsp;

The study also noted the impact of the location of the groundwater on the change in the polar drift as most of the water&nbsp;was redistributed in western North America and northwestern India during the time period studied. Since both regions are at midlatitudes, researchers observed that redistributing water from the midlatitudes has a larger impact on Earth’s rotational pole.&nbsp;

“Countries’ attempts to slow groundwater depletion rates, especially in those sensitive regions, could theoretically alter the change in drift, but only if such conservation approaches are sustained for decades,” said Ki-Weon Seo, a geophysicist at Seoul National University in South Korea, who led the study, in a statement.&nbsp;

He also spoke about how this study finds “that among climate-related causes, the redistribution of groundwater actually has the largest impact on the drift of the rotational pole.”&nbsp;

<h2>‘Surprised and concerned’ about the findings</h2>

Seo also said that he is “very glad” about finding the “unexplained cause of the rotation pole drift.” However, “as a resident of Earth and a father, I’m concerned and surprised to see that pumping groundwater is another source of sea-level rise”.&nbsp;

Speaking about the step forward, the lead author said that since polar motion data is available dates back to the late 19th century, it could potentially be used to understand continental water storage variations during the last century.&nbsp;

“Were there any hydrological regime changes resulting from the warming climate? Polar motion could hold the answer,” said Seo. Surendra Adhikari, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who was not involved in the study, said that the study was about to quantify “ the role of groundwater pumping on polar motion, and it’s pretty significant.” 
 
&nbsp;

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A new study has left scientists surprised and concerned after it was found that humans have pumped out so much groundwater in the past two decades that it has shifted the tilt of the Earth’s axis.

A new study has left scientists surprised and concerned after it was found that humans have pumped out so much groundwater in the past two decades that it has shifted the tilt of the Earth’s axis. According to the findings of the research published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal by the American Geophysical Union, the Earth has tilted as much as 80 centimetres (31.5 inches) between 1993 and 2010, which has been attributed to humans pumping out groundwater and moving it elsewhere. How much groundwater has been extracted? The study, based on climate models, has said that an estimated 2,150 gigatonnes of water have been pumped out between 1993 and 2010 which is enough water to fill Lake Victoria in Africa and would weigh as much as 5.5 million Empire State Buildings. Additionally, the extracted water which ended up in the oceans also contributed to six millimetres of sea level rise. However, the researchers have noted that validating this estimate is difficult. Earth’s axis and water The phenomenon of water’s influence on Earth’s rotation was discovered in 2016 but until recent research, there was nothing known about the contribution of groundwater to these changes on the planet’s axis. The researchers for this study first modelled the observed changes in the drift of Earth’s rotational pole and the movement of water with only ice sheets and glaciers and later with different scenarios of groundwater redistribution. It was found that the model only matched the observed polar drift once the researchers included 2150 gigatones of groundwater redistribution without which it was off by around 78.5 centimetres (31 inches), or 4.3 centimetres (1.7 inches) of drift per year. The study also noted the impact of the location of the groundwater on the change in the polar drift as most of the water was redistributed in western North America and northwestern India during the time period studied. Since both regions are at midlatitudes, researchers observed that redistributing water from the midlatitudes has a larger impact on Earth’s rotational pole. “Countries’ attempts to slow groundwater depletion rates, especially in those sensitive regions, could theoretically alter the change in drift, but only if such conservation approaches are sustained for decades,” said Ki-Weon Seo, a geophysicist at Seoul National University in South Korea, who led the study, in a statement. He also spoke about how this study finds “that among climate-related causes, the redistribution of groundwater actually has the largest impact on the drift of the rotational pole.” ‘Surprised and concerned’ about the findings Seo also said that he is “very glad” about finding the “unexplained cause of the rotation pole drift.” However, “as a resident of Earth and a father, I’m concerned and surprised to see that pumping groundwater is another source of sea-level rise”. Speaking about the step forward, the lead author said that since polar motion data is available dates back to the late 19th century, it could potentially be used to understand continental water storage variations during the last century. “Were there any hydrological regime changes resulting from the warming climate? Polar motion could hold the answer,” said Seo. Surendra Adhikari, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who was not involved in the study, said that the study was about to quantify “ the role of groundwater pumping on polar motion, and it’s pretty significant.” WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

‘Surprised and concerned’: Scientists find groundwater extracted by humans has shifted tilt of Earth’s axis

Every year, around the world, thousands of people undergo fertility treatments to have children. Now, a new study has concluded that one in five women who undergo such treatments are likely to conceive their second child naturally soon after.

<h2>The study's findings</h2>

University College London's study as per News Medical is the first of its kind. It analysed data from 11 studies that consisted of over 5,000 women worldwide. Data from between the years 1980 and 2021 was used to calculate how common it is for women to naturally fall pregnant after having conceived a baby via fertility treatment.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/short-power-naps-during-day-help-the-brain-as-it-ages-study-606572">Short power naps during day help the brain as it ages: Study</a>

It found that at least one in five women or about 20 per cent conceived naturally after fertility treatments. Most women reported a natural pregnancy within three years of the treatment which in most cases was in vitro fertilisation (IVF).

As per the News Medical report, even after taking into account the different types and outcomes of fertility and the length of the follow-up, this one-in-five figure remained unchanged in most cases.

<h2>What is infertility and who opts for fertility treatment?</h2>

As per the study, infertility is defined as a failure to conceive even after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sex.&nbsp;

Estimates show that at least one in seven heterosexual couples suffer from infertility.

However, as per the study, "it is important to recognise that women seeking and undergoing fertility treatment are not absolutely nor permanently infertile. Over 80 per cent of couples in the general population will conceive naturally within one year; of those who do not conceive in the first year, about half will go on to do so in the second year."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-lab-grown-human-embryos-ethical-conundrums-and-emerging-frontiers-606451">Explained | Lab-grown human embryos: Ethical conundrums and emerging frontiers</a>

It is not just infertile heterosexual couples that opt for fertility treatments. Single women, homosexual couples, surrogates etc., also undergo fertility treatments.

People undergo IVF for a "wide range of causes, including ovulatory disorders, tubal factors, uterine factors, male factors, joint subfertility, and unexplained subfertility."

<h2>'Far from rare' occurrence</h2>

BBC reports that University College London's Dr Annette Thwaites, lead author of the study, said that their findings suggest that "natural pregnancy after having a baby by IVF is far from rare."

As per Thwaites, their findings are in "contrast with widely held views - by women and health professionals - and those commonly expressed in the media, that it is a highly unlikely event."

Clinical Embryologist Dr Marta Jansa Perez, of the British Fertility Society, remarked that "this study highlights the importance of giving patients accurate information about their chances of conception at any point, in particular after giving birth to an IVF baby."

"It is good news that such a high proportion of patients can conceive naturally after IVF, but people should be aware that in cases where the age of the woman is a factor for the initial failure to conceive or there is severe male factor infertility, it would be advisable to seek treatment for a second child sooner rather than later." 
&nbsp;

Every year, around the world, thousands of people undergo fertility treatments to have children. Now, a new study has concluded that one in five women who undergo such treatments are likely to conceive their second child naturally soon after.

Every year, around the world, thousands of people undergo fertility treatments to have children. Now, a new study has concluded that one in five women who undergo such treatments are likely to conceive their second child naturally soon after. The study's findings University College London's study as per News Medical is the first of its kind. It analysed data from 11 studies that consisted of over 5,000 women worldwide. Data from between the years 1980 and 2021 was used to calculate how common it is for women to naturally fall pregnant after having conceived a baby via fertility treatment. Also read | Short power naps during day help the brain as it ages: Study It found that at least one in five women or about 20 per cent conceived naturally after fertility treatments. Most women reported a natural pregnancy within three years of the treatment which in most cases was in vitro fertilisation (IVF). As per the News Medical report, even after taking into account the different types and outcomes of fertility and the length of the follow-up, this one-in-five figure remained unchanged in most cases. What is infertility and who opts for fertility treatment? As per the study, infertility is defined as a failure to conceive even after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sex. Estimates show that at least one in seven heterosexual couples suffer from infertility. However, as per the study, "it is important to recognise that women seeking and undergoing fertility treatment are not absolutely nor permanently infertile. Over 80 per cent of couples in the general population will conceive naturally within one year; of those who do not conceive in the first year, about half will go on to do so in the second year." Also read | Explained | Lab-grown human embryos: Ethical conundrums and emerging frontiers It is not just infertile heterosexual couples that opt for fertility treatments. Single women, homosexual couples, surrogates etc., also undergo fertility treatments. People undergo IVF for a "wide range of causes, including ovulatory disorders, tubal factors, uterine factors, male factors, joint subfertility, and unexplained subfertility." 'Far from rare' occurrence BBC reports that University College London's Dr Annette Thwaites, lead author of the study, said that their findings suggest that "natural pregnancy after having a baby by IVF is far from rare." As per Thwaites, their findings are in "contrast with widely held views - by women and health professionals - and those commonly expressed in the media, that it is a highly unlikely event." Clinical Embryologist Dr Marta Jansa Perez, of the British Fertility Society, remarked that "this study highlights the importance of giving patients accurate information about their chances of conception at any point, in particular after giving birth to an IVF baby." "It is good news that such a high proportion of patients can conceive naturally after IVF, but people should be aware that in cases where the age of the woman is a factor for the initial failure to conceive or there is severe male factor infertility, it would be advisable to seek treatment for a second child sooner rather than later."

Previously undocumented effect of IVF uncovered; helps 1-in-5 women conceive naturally second time around

Scientists have used stem cells to create lab-grown structures resembling human embryos. While it marks a groundbreaking achievement in the field, this development has sparked discussions regarding the need for stricter regulations in this rapidly advancing area of research.

Here's all you need to know

<h2>Artificial human embryos</h2>

AFP reports that over the past week, multiple research laboratories worldwide have released pre-print studies outlining their research.&nbsp;

The laboratories used various methods to stimulate human embryonic stem cells — which possess the capability to 'self-assemble into any cell type — to spontaneously organise themselves into a structure resembling an embryo. Remarkably, this process occurred without the requirement of sperm, an egg, or even fertilisation.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/researchers-reconstruct-face-of-16-year-old-woman-who-died-1300-years-ago-606298">Researchers reconstruct face of 16-year-old woman who died 1,300 years ago</a>

However, experts have cautioned that these findings have not yet undergone peer review and should be approached with caution.

<h2>Why create artificial embryos?</h2>

The primary objective of this research is to provide scientists with a model that enables the study of human embryos in ways that were previously unattainable due to ethical concerns.&nbsp;

By doing so, scientists as per AFP, hope to gain new insights into the origins of birth defects, genetic disorders, infertility, and other pregnancy-related issues.

<h2>Who is behind this research?</h2>

As mentioned previously, multiple institutes using many techniques have come up with such groundbreaking research.

The initial announcement came from Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, a researcher from Cambridge University and the California Institute of Technology, during the annual meeting of the International Society for Stem Cell Research in Boston, reports news agency AFP.

Shortly after, on Thursday, Jacob Hanna's team at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel published their own pre-print study detailing their work on stem cell-based human embryo models.&nbsp;

As per the French news agency, another team, Zernicka-Goetz, then released their own pre-print publication.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-cause-of-morning-sickness-in-pregnant-women-605503">Scientists find cause of 'morning sickness' in pregnant women</a>

Following this, labs in China and the United States have also shared their pre-print studies later in the past seven days.

The influx of data has shed light on the highly competitive nature of research in this particular field.&nbsp;

In August 2022, both the Zernicka-Goetz and Hanna teams independently published papers detailing their creation of embryo-like structures using mouse stem cells. Talking to AFP, both teams confirmed that their new studies had been accepted by prestigious peer-reviewed journals and that they had presented their findings at conferences months prior to the recent media coverage.

<h2>Which research is more advanced?</h2>

Jacob Hanna dismissed the notion that either team was the "first," and said that they had achieved distinct accomplishments. However, talking to AFP, he highlighted that his models possessed features such as a "placenta, a yolk sac, amniotic cavity" which he claimed were absent in the structures developed by the Zernicka-Goetz team.

Other researchers concurred that Hanna's models were more advanced, praising his team for employing only chemical modifications rather than genetic modifications to induce the formation of embryo-like structures.&nbsp;

A researcher from Germany's Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics described the similarity between Hanna's model and a natural embryo as "remarkable, almost uncanny."

<h2>Inside the 'black box'</h2>

The labs of team Zernicka-Goetz and Hanna conducted their experiments for a maximum of 14 days, adhering to the legal limit for growing human embryos in laboratories in many countries.&nbsp;

This limit exists because, after 14 days, embryos initiate the cellular organisation required for organ development, including the brain. This stage, referred to as the "black box",&nbsp;remains largely unexplored in human embryos.

Regulations governing research in this area vary between countries, primarily applying to fertilised embryos. Thus, the new embryo-like models exploit a legal loophole as they are not derived from fertilisation.&nbsp;

<h2>Calls for regulations</h2>

Darius Widera, an expert in stem cell biology at the University of Reading, advises against premature comparisons between the studies. Despite that, he reportedly acknowledged "the impact of both studies is immense" and emphasises the necessity of developing new guidelines for this rapidly progressing technology.

"We should try to avoid unhealthy hype since this technology is at an early stage -- but already, new guidelines are going to be needed," said Widera.

On Friday, Cambridge University also announced that it has launched a project aimed at developing the first governance framework for stem cell-based human embryo models in the UK.

James Briscoe from Britain's Francis Crick Institute advises researchers to proceed with caution, transparency, and care. He warned that the "danger is that missteps or unjustified claims will have a chilling effect on the public and policymakers, this would be a major setback for the field."

<h2>Can these lab-made&nbsp;embryos be used to make babies?</h2>

Scientists involved in the research emphasise that they do not intend to implant embryo models into human wombs. Furthermore, they say that even if such implantation were to occur, it would not result in a viable pregnancy.&nbsp;

According to Widera, previous research involving the implantation of an embryo model into a female macaque did exhibit some signs of pregnancy but did not survive.

<h2>Scientists on reservations about the research</h2>

Some researchers have expressed their reservations about media reports referring to these cell clusters as "synthetic embryos".

They argue that these embryos do not meet the criteria of being purely synthetic or actual embryos due to their origin from stem cells.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Scientists have used stem cells to create lab-grown structures resembling human embryos. While it marks a groundbreaking achievement in the field, this development has sparked discussions regarding the need for stricter regulations in this rapidly advancing area of research.

Scientists have used stem cells to create lab-grown structures resembling human embryos. While it marks a groundbreaking achievement in the field, this development has sparked discussions regarding the need for stricter regulations in this rapidly advancing area of research. Here's all you need to know Artificial human embryos AFP reports that over the past week, multiple research laboratories worldwide have released pre-print studies outlining their research. The laboratories used various methods to stimulate human embryonic stem cells — which possess the capability to 'self-assemble into any cell type — to spontaneously organise themselves into a structure resembling an embryo. Remarkably, this process occurred without the requirement of sperm, an egg, or even fertilisation. Also read | Researchers reconstruct face of 16-year-old woman who died 1,300 years ago However, experts have cautioned that these findings have not yet undergone peer review and should be approached with caution. Why create artificial embryos? The primary objective of this research is to provide scientists with a model that enables the study of human embryos in ways that were previously unattainable due to ethical concerns. By doing so, scientists as per AFP, hope to gain new insights into the origins of birth defects, genetic disorders, infertility, and other pregnancy-related issues. Who is behind this research? As mentioned previously, multiple institutes using many techniques have come up with such groundbreaking research. The initial announcement came from Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, a researcher from Cambridge University and the California Institute of Technology, during the annual meeting of the International Society for Stem Cell Research in Boston, reports news agency AFP. Shortly after, on Thursday, Jacob Hanna's team at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel published their own pre-print study detailing their work on stem cell-based human embryo models. As per the French news agency, another team, Zernicka-Goetz, then released their own pre-print publication. Also read | Scientists find cause of 'morning sickness' in pregnant women Following this, labs in China and the United States have also shared their pre-print studies later in the past seven days. The influx of data has shed light on the highly competitive nature of research in this particular field. In August 2022, both the Zernicka-Goetz and Hanna teams independently published papers detailing their creation of embryo-like structures using mouse stem cells. Talking to AFP, both teams confirmed that their new studies had been accepted by prestigious peer-reviewed journals and that they had presented their findings at conferences months prior to the recent media coverage. Which research is more advanced? Jacob Hanna dismissed the notion that either team was the "first," and said that they had achieved distinct accomplishments. However, talking to AFP, he highlighted that his models possessed features such as a "placenta, a yolk sac, amniotic cavity" which he claimed were absent in the structures developed by the Zernicka-Goetz team. Other researchers concurred that Hanna's models were more advanced, praising his team for employing only chemical modifications rather than genetic modifications to induce the formation of embryo-like structures. A researcher from Germany's Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics described the similarity between Hanna's model and a natural embryo as "remarkable, almost uncanny." Inside the 'black box' The labs of team Zernicka-Goetz and Hanna conducted their experiments for a maximum of 14 days, adhering to the legal limit for growing human embryos in laboratories in many countries. This limit exists because, after 14 days, embryos initiate the cellular organisation required for organ development, including the brain. This stage, referred to as the "black box", remains largely unexplored in human embryos. Regulations governing research in this area vary between countries, primarily applying to fertilised embryos. Thus, the new embryo-like models exploit a legal loophole as they are not derived from fertilisation. Calls for regulations Darius Widera, an expert in stem cell biology at the University of Reading, advises against premature comparisons between the studies. Despite that, he reportedly acknowledged "the impact of both studies is immense" and emphasises the necessity of developing new guidelines for this rapidly progressing technology. "We should try to avoid unhealthy hype since this technology is at an early stage -- but already, new guidelines are going to be needed," said Widera. On Friday, Cambridge University also announced that it has launched a project aimed at developing the first governance framework for stem cell-based human embryo models in the UK. James Briscoe from Britain's Francis Crick Institute advises researchers to proceed with caution, transparency, and care. He warned that the "danger is that missteps or unjustified claims will have a chilling effect on the public and policymakers, this would be a major setback for the field." Can these lab-made embryos be used to make babies? Scientists involved in the research emphasise that they do not intend to implant embryo models into human wombs. Furthermore, they say that even if such implantation were to occur, it would not result in a viable pregnancy. According to Widera, previous research involving the implantation of an embryo model into a female macaque did exhibit some signs of pregnancy but did not survive. Scientists on reservations about the research Some researchers have expressed their reservations about media reports referring to these cell clusters as "synthetic embryos". They argue that these embryos do not meet the criteria of being purely synthetic or actual embryos due to their origin from stem cells. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained | Lab-grown human embryos: Ethical conundrums and emerging frontiers

A major study that spanned 37 years from beginning to end has found something concerning about people who tend to stay up late. These night owls are more likely to die at a younger age but from causes related to smoking and alcohol consumption rather than how late they go to bed.

Around 42.9 per cent of the 22,976 Finnish adult twins whose data was analysed for the study described themselves as "evening types" or "somewhat evening types." Our propensity to desire to sleep or be active at particular times is formally known as our chronotype.

As per earlier research, night owls are more likely to die young and have a propensity towards risky behaviour. This study indicates that a higher likelihood of dying sooner may not be directly related to chronotype but rather to what it leads to.&nbsp;

"Our findings suggest that there is little or no independent contribution of chronotype to mortality,"&nbsp;Christer Hublin, a researcher at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health told Science Alert.&nbsp;

Instead, "the increased risk of mortality associated with being a clearly 'evening' person appears to be mainly accounted for by a larger consumption of tobacco and alcohol. This is in comparison&nbsp;to those who are clearly 'morning' persons."

The researchers followed up in 2018, looking at death rates discovered through national registers, after identifying the chronotypes for the study participants in 1981. The analysis took into account each person's level of smoking and drinking as well as factors including their education, BMI, and sleeping patterns.

The researchers discovered that 8,728 of the individuals had passed away by 2018. The likelihood of dying from any cause was nine&nbsp;per cent&nbsp;higher in people who identified as definite (not "somewhat") evening types than in people who identified as definite morning types.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/days-on-earth-used-to-last-just-19-hours-but-how-scientists-have-the-answer-604905">Days on Earth used to last just 19 hours, but how? Scientists have the answer</a>

However, among this group of night owls, non-smokers who also didn't drink much didn't have a higher chance of passing away for any reason. The researchers discovered that the additional deaths were caused by smoking and drinking, which can result in diseases linked to alcohol as well as alcohol poisoning.

Even if a poor sleep schedule does not always accompany an evening person, the two frequently go together. Impaired sleep has previously been connected to addictions, such as alcohol or nicotine, and it can cause a variety of mental and physical problems.

"There is a reciprocal relationship between the reward system and circadian system, and the level of alcohol and substance use correlates with the preference to stay up later at night,"&nbsp;the researchers wrote in the paper, reported Science Alert.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/for-first-time-global-temperature-breaches-15c-threshold-in-summer-605100">For first time, global temperature breaches 1.5C warming threshold in first half of June</a>

The team did not detect any increase in the risk of cardiovascular-related death, in contrast to the earlier study that served as the inspiration for this one. However, there are some changes in the population sample utilised; in the earlier study, adults from the UK were used, and they were typically in better condition than the average adult from the UK population, whereas in the present study, the cohort's health was more in line with that of the general population.

As always, more thorough research,&nbsp;including a larger sample size and researchers from more nations will be helpful in illuminating this connection. However, it appears that there is a need to consider some of the lifestyle decisions that are more likely to occur as a result of those sleeping habits, in addition to our sleeping patterns.

WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

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A major study that spanned 37 years from beginning to end has found something concerning about people who tend to stay up late. These night owls are more likely to die at a younger age but from causes related to smoking and alcohol consumption rather than how late they go to bed.

A major study that spanned 37 years from beginning to end has found something concerning about people who tend to stay up late. These night owls are more likely to die at a younger age but from causes related to smoking and alcohol consumption rather than how late they go to bed. Around 42.9 per cent of the 22,976 Finnish adult twins whose data was analysed for the study described themselves as "evening types" or "somewhat evening types." Our propensity to desire to sleep or be active at particular times is formally known as our chronotype. As per earlier research, night owls are more likely to die young and have a propensity towards risky behaviour. This study indicates that a higher likelihood of dying sooner may not be directly related to chronotype but rather to what it leads to. "Our findings suggest that there is little or no independent contribution of chronotype to mortality," Christer Hublin, a researcher at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health told Science Alert. Instead, "the increased risk of mortality associated with being a clearly 'evening' person appears to be mainly accounted for by a larger consumption of tobacco and alcohol. This is in comparison to those who are clearly 'morning' persons." The researchers followed up in 2018, looking at death rates discovered through national registers, after identifying the chronotypes for the study participants in 1981. The analysis took into account each person's level of smoking and drinking as well as factors including their education, BMI, and sleeping patterns. The researchers discovered that 8,728 of the individuals had passed away by 2018. The likelihood of dying from any cause was nine per cent higher in people who identified as definite (not "somewhat") evening types than in people who identified as definite morning types. Also read | Days on Earth used to last just 19 hours, but how? Scientists have the answer However, among this group of night owls, non-smokers who also didn't drink much didn't have a higher chance of passing away for any reason. The researchers discovered that the additional deaths were caused by smoking and drinking, which can result in diseases linked to alcohol as well as alcohol poisoning. Even if a poor sleep schedule does not always accompany an evening person, the two frequently go together. Impaired sleep has previously been connected to addictions, such as alcohol or nicotine, and it can cause a variety of mental and physical problems. "There is a reciprocal relationship between the reward system and circadian system, and the level of alcohol and substance use correlates with the preference to stay up later at night," the researchers wrote in the paper, reported Science Alert. Also read | For first time, global temperature breaches 1.5C warming threshold in first half of June The team did not detect any increase in the risk of cardiovascular-related death, in contrast to the earlier study that served as the inspiration for this one. However, there are some changes in the population sample utilised; in the earlier study, adults from the UK were used, and they were typically in better condition than the average adult from the UK population, whereas in the present study, the cohort's health was more in line with that of the general population. As always, more thorough research, including a larger sample size and researchers from more nations will be helpful in illuminating this connection. However, it appears that there is a need to consider some of the lifestyle decisions that are more likely to occur as a result of those sleeping habits, in addition to our sleeping patterns. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Bad news for night owls: They may die sooner, but not due to lack of sleep

During a particularly violent period in Earth's history, everything nearly came to a stop. Geochemical processes oozed, tectonic activity decreased, and the evolution of life in its most basic forms had no impact.

New evidence reveals that the boring billion, as it is sometimes known, occurred when Earth was suspended in a state of perpetual rotation, an orb whirling through space with one day (one revolution) taking only 19 hours, reported Science Alert.

As per the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-023-01202-6">study</a> conducted by two geophysicists, the 'stalling' of Earth's day duration at 19 hours occurred approximately one&nbsp;billion years ago and was caused by a delicate balance of conflicting factors at that time.

The Moon was then closer to Earth and maintained a consistent distance from it rather than sliding out of its gravitational hold as it has done in the past and afterwards.

<meta charset="utf-8" />"Over time, the Moon has stolen Earth's rotational energy to boost it into a higher orbit farther from Earth," Ross Mitchell of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Uwe Kirscher of Curtin University in Australia explain in their published paper.

The Moon's outward motion causes the Earth's rotation to slow down, and as a result, our sunny days gradually become longer.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/watch-smiling-deepsea-snailfish-a-unique-creature-in-pacific-ocean-604876">'Smiling' deepsea snailfish, a unique creature in Pacific Ocean</a>

Numerous studies have already examined how Earth's days are elongating, according to some current estimates, at a rate of a little more than 0.000015 seconds every year.

The majority of Earth's rotation models used in research like this one indicate that the duration of the day on our planet has grown consistently during the last three&nbsp;to four&nbsp;billion years. According to a 2018 study, for instance, one Earth day 1.4 billion years ago lasted 18 hours.

However, there is another group of scientists who have hypothesised - at least since 1987 - that perhaps Earth's day length flattened for a considerable amount of time before starting to climb slowly and steadily up to the 24 hours we now refer to as a day.

However, it is difficult to find any geological evidence of a change in the Earth's rotation. The development of stromatolites that are oriented towards the Sun and tidal rhythmites, patterns of mud deposits spread out by tides and preserved in rock, can both be used to estimate the duration of the day. However, these are hardly ever maintained in the past.

Mitchell and Kirscher used an abundance of recent geological data that has arisen to their advantage in this new investigation. The cyclostratigraphy data are records of cyclic variations in the temperature of Earth caused by astronomical influences, such as the wobble and axial tilt of the planet.

<meta charset="utf-8" />"We realised that it was finally time to test a kind of fringe, the completely reasonable, alternative idea about Earth's paleorotation," Mitchell told Sciencealert.

<h2>What does their research say?</h2>

According to their statistical research, Earth's day duration flattened between two&nbsp;and one billion years ago, in the middle of the Proterozoic epoch, which culminated with "Snowball Earth" and came before the Cambrian explosion of life.

Mitchell and Kirscher examined past significant moments in the rocky history of our planet to try to determine what would have caused early Earth to enter a period of relative stability.

If their calculations are true, the plateau in day duration came after dramatic changes in the atmosphere of early Earth, particularly the Great Oxidation Event, when oxygen levels surged and produced an ozone layer before falling once more.

WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

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During a particularly violent period in Earth's history, everything nearly came to a stop. Geochemical processes oozed, tectonic activity decreased, and the evolution of life in its most basic forms had no impact.

During a particularly violent period in Earth's history, everything nearly came to a stop. Geochemical processes oozed, tectonic activity decreased, and the evolution of life in its most basic forms had no impact. New evidence reveals that the boring billion, as it is sometimes known, occurred when Earth was suspended in a state of perpetual rotation, an orb whirling through space with one day (one revolution) taking only 19 hours, reported Science Alert. As per the study conducted by two geophysicists, the 'stalling' of Earth's day duration at 19 hours occurred approximately one billion years ago and was caused by a delicate balance of conflicting factors at that time. The Moon was then closer to Earth and maintained a consistent distance from it rather than sliding out of its gravitational hold as it has done in the past and afterwards. "Over time, the Moon has stolen Earth's rotational energy to boost it into a higher orbit farther from Earth," Ross Mitchell of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Uwe Kirscher of Curtin University in Australia explain in their published paper. The Moon's outward motion causes the Earth's rotation to slow down, and as a result, our sunny days gradually become longer. Also read | 'Smiling' deepsea snailfish, a unique creature in Pacific Ocean Numerous studies have already examined how Earth's days are elongating, according to some current estimates, at a rate of a little more than 0.000015 seconds every year. The majority of Earth's rotation models used in research like this one indicate that the duration of the day on our planet has grown consistently during the last three to four billion years. According to a 2018 study, for instance, one Earth day 1.4 billion years ago lasted 18 hours. However, there is another group of scientists who have hypothesised - at least since 1987 - that perhaps Earth's day length flattened for a considerable amount of time before starting to climb slowly and steadily up to the 24 hours we now refer to as a day. However, it is difficult to find any geological evidence of a change in the Earth's rotation. The development of stromatolites that are oriented towards the Sun and tidal rhythmites, patterns of mud deposits spread out by tides and preserved in rock, can both be used to estimate the duration of the day. However, these are hardly ever maintained in the past. Mitchell and Kirscher used an abundance of recent geological data that has arisen to their advantage in this new investigation. The cyclostratigraphy data are records of cyclic variations in the temperature of Earth caused by astronomical influences, such as the wobble and axial tilt of the planet. "We realised that it was finally time to test a kind of fringe, the completely reasonable, alternative idea about Earth's paleorotation," Mitchell told Sciencealert. What does their research say? According to their statistical research, Earth's day duration flattened between two and one billion years ago, in the middle of the Proterozoic epoch, which culminated with "Snowball Earth" and came before the Cambrian explosion of life. Mitchell and Kirscher examined past significant moments in the rocky history of our planet to try to determine what would have caused early Earth to enter a period of relative stability. If their calculations are true, the plateau in day duration came after dramatic changes in the atmosphere of early Earth, particularly the Great Oxidation Event, when oxygen levels surged and produced an ozone layer before falling once more. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Days on Earth used to last just 19 hours, but how? Scientists have the answer

Social media went abuzz over reports of so-called 'aliens' after claims&nbsp;that a family in the United States saw 10-foot aliens in their backyard. The family's home is in Las Vegas, Nevada and there have been several claims of mysterious encounters in that particular area.&nbsp;

On April 30, two Las Vegas residents claimed that they saw an object falling from the sky. After that, some mysterious figures allegedly emerged from the dark.&nbsp;

After the claims, police have begun surveillance by installing high-tech cameras outside the home of the residents.&nbsp;

Doug Poppa, a former police officer, has been following the story of the mysterious object falling from the sky.&nbsp;

A report by Daily Mail mentioned that it was surprising for Poppa that the Las Vegas Metro Police Department actually placed surveillance cameras outside.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/alien-connection-of-vatican-pentagon-whistleblower-says-church-involved-in-first-ever-ufo-crash-604514">Alien connection of Vatican? Pentagon whistleblower says Church involved in first-ever UFO crash</a>&nbsp;

The media outlet mentioned that Poppa interviewed the family who made the call. They told him that the cops installed the camera to "protect" them from UFO fanatics.&nbsp;

It is being reported that Poppa, who is a podcaster, remained unsure about the whole incident, but he also stated that the family is somewhat credible.&nbsp;

Taking to his Twitter handle, Poppa wrote: "THE VIDEO CAMERA SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM WITH THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION LINK THAT I RECORDED AT THE HOME ON MAY 19, MUST HAVE BEEN A MIRAGE OR A FIGMENT OF MY IMAGINATION IF THE LAS VEGAS METRO POLICE ARE TO BE BELIEVED." &nbsp;

"NICE INSTALL TASS (TECHNICAL AND SURVEILLANCE SQUAD)," he added.&nbsp;

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THE VIDEO CAMERA SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM WITH THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION LINK THAT I RECORDED AT THE HOME ON MAY 19, MUST HAVE BEEN A MIRAGE OR A FIGMENT OF MY IMAGINATION IF THE LAS VEGAS METRO POLICE ARE TO BE BELEIVED. NICE INSTALL TASS (TECHNICAL AND SURVEILLANCE SQUAD). <a href="https://t.co/4wgZV6uhNJ">pic.twitter.com/4wgZV6uhNJ</a>
— Doug Poppa (@dougpoppa1) <a href="https://twitter.com/dougpoppa1/status/1668714518502060033?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 13, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Las Vegas UFO mystery: Police put up surveillance cameras at house where ‘aliens landed’<a href="https://t.co/YcGTGy7EgD">https://t.co/YcGTGy7EgD</a>
— Doug Poppa (@dougpoppa1) <a href="https://twitter.com/dougpoppa1/status/1668854023137673217?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 14, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/aliens-likely-to-communicate-through-newly-discovered-supernova-claim-scientists-604051">Aliens likely to communicate through newly discovered supernova, claim scientists</a>

<h2>What exactly happened?&nbsp;</h2>

Local TV channel 8 News Now reported that a Vegas officer's camera picked up the object at about 11:50pm (local time) after a resident reported something "100 per cent not human" on their property.&nbsp;

In an audio obtained by the TV channel, the homeowner was heard telling police: "There's like an eight-foot person beside it and another one is inside us [sic] and it has big eyes and it’s looking at us — and it’s still there."&nbsp;

Watch: Is America hiding Alien technology?&nbsp;

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Poppa told New York Post: "The mother told me they came out there and put up the cameras, supposedly to protect the family from people coming to bother them about the UFO."

"But I can tell you right now. Cops don’t come out and put up expensive video equipment like that — and they certainly wouldn’t for someone calling in a report about a UFO," he added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies) 
 
&nbsp;

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Social media went abuzz over reports of so-called 'aliens' after claims that a family in the United States saw 10-foot aliens in their backyard. The family's home is in Las Vegas, Nevada and there have been several claims of mysterious encounters in that particular area.

Social media went abuzz over reports of so-called 'aliens' after claims that a family in the United States saw 10-foot aliens in their backyard. The family's home is in Las Vegas, Nevada and there have been several claims of mysterious encounters in that particular area. On April 30, two Las Vegas residents claimed that they saw an object falling from the sky. After that, some mysterious figures allegedly emerged from the dark. After the claims, police have begun surveillance by installing high-tech cameras outside the home of the residents. Doug Poppa, a former police officer, has been following the story of the mysterious object falling from the sky. A report by Daily Mail mentioned that it was surprising for Poppa that the Las Vegas Metro Police Department actually placed surveillance cameras outside. Also read: Alien connection of Vatican? Pentagon whistleblower says Church involved in first-ever UFO crash The media outlet mentioned that Poppa interviewed the family who made the call. They told him that the cops installed the camera to "protect" them from UFO fanatics. It is being reported that Poppa, who is a podcaster, remained unsure about the whole incident, but he also stated that the family is somewhat credible. Taking to his Twitter handle, Poppa wrote: "THE VIDEO CAMERA SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM WITH THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION LINK THAT I RECORDED AT THE HOME ON MAY 19, MUST HAVE BEEN A MIRAGE OR A FIGMENT OF MY IMAGINATION IF THE LAS VEGAS METRO POLICE ARE TO BE BELIEVED." "NICE INSTALL TASS (TECHNICAL AND SURVEILLANCE SQUAD)," he added. THE VIDEO CAMERA SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM WITH THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION LINK THAT I RECORDED AT THE HOME ON MAY 19, MUST HAVE BEEN A MIRAGE OR A FIGMENT OF MY IMAGINATION IF THE LAS VEGAS METRO POLICE ARE TO BE BELEIVED. NICE INSTALL TASS (TECHNICAL AND SURVEILLANCE SQUAD). pic.twitter.com/4wgZV6uhNJ — Doug Poppa (@dougpoppa1) June 13, 2023 × Las Vegas UFO mystery: Police put up surveillance cameras at house where ‘aliens landed’https://t.co/YcGTGy7EgD — Doug Poppa (@dougpoppa1) June 14, 2023 × Also read: Aliens likely to communicate through newly discovered supernova, claim scientists What exactly happened? Local TV channel 8 News Now reported that a Vegas officer's camera picked up the object at about 11:50pm (local time) after a resident reported something "100 per cent not human" on their property. In an audio obtained by the TV channel, the homeowner was heard telling police: "There's like an eight-foot person beside it and another one is inside us [sic] and it has big eyes and it’s looking at us — and it’s still there." Watch: Is America hiding Alien technology? × Poppa told New York Post: "The mother told me they came out there and put up the cameras, supposedly to protect the family from people coming to bother them about the UFO." "But I can tell you right now. Cops don’t come out and put up expensive video equipment like that — and they certainly wouldn’t for someone calling in a report about a UFO," he added. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

US: Cops install surveillance cameras at Las Vegas home after UFO landing, aliens sighting claim

Roger Payne, the scientist who discovered a worldwide environmental conservation movement with his discovery that whales could sing, passed away at the age of 88 on a weekend. Payne passed away due to pelvic cancer.&nbsp;

He was living in South Woodstock, Vermont, with his wife Lisa Harrow. The funeral arrangements have not been made yet.&nbsp;

After his demise, the chief executive officer, Lian Kerr of his organisation Ocean Alliance said that the world has lost a giant of environmental conservation with Payne's death, CBS News reported.&nbsp;

"He had a presence and a way of connecting to people that led them to dedicate their lives to protecting whales and our planet Earth," Kerr said.

<h3>Here's everything you need to know about the American biologist and environmentalist:</h3>

<h3>Roger Payne's Early Life:</h3>

Roger Payne was born on 29 January 1935 in New York City's Manhattan. He received BA degrees at Harvard University and his PhD at Cornell University.&nbsp;

Payne married actress Lisa Harrow and the couple share&nbsp;four kids.&nbsp;

<h3>Roger Payne's Career:</h3>

Payne made history in the world of science in 1967 during his research in Bermuda in which a Navy engineer provided him with some recordings of curious underwater sounds documented while listening for Russian submarines.&nbsp;

In 1970 he released "Songs of the Humpback Whale," which was a surprise hit and it galvanised a global movement to end the commercial practice of whale hunting and save the whales from extinction.&nbsp;

During a magazine interview, Payne said, "In spite of the racket, what I heard blew my mind. It seemed obvious that here, finally, was a chance to get the world interested in preventing the extinction of whales."

He described the song as an "exuberant, uninterrupted river of sound" with long repeated "themes." He added that each song lasted up to 30 minutes and was sung by an entire group of male humpbacks at once.

In 1975, a second LP was released and in 1987 Payne collaborated with musician Paul Winter putting whalesong to human music.&nbsp;

Four-year later, Frank Watlington released whale recordings with Roger's commentary on a Flexi disc sound sheet inside the National Geographic magazine. It has 10.5 million copies and became the largest single press run of any record at that time.&nbsp;

In 1971, he founded Ocean Alliance, a 501 (c)3 organisation working with whale and ocean conservation. The organisation is based in &nbsp;Gloucester, Massachusetts. Payne retired two years ago.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Roger Payne, the scientist who discovered a worldwide environmental conservation movement with his discovery that whales could sing, passed away at the age of 88 on a weekend.

Roger Payne, the scientist who discovered a worldwide environmental conservation movement with his discovery that whales could sing, passed away at the age of 88 on a weekend. Payne passed away due to pelvic cancer. He was living in South Woodstock, Vermont, with his wife Lisa Harrow. The funeral arrangements have not been made yet. After his demise, the chief executive officer, Lian Kerr of his organisation Ocean Alliance said that the world has lost a giant of environmental conservation with Payne's death, CBS News reported. "He had a presence and a way of connecting to people that led them to dedicate their lives to protecting whales and our planet Earth," Kerr said. Here's everything you need to know about the American biologist and environmentalist: Roger Payne's Early Life: Roger Payne was born on 29 January 1935 in New York City's Manhattan. He received BA degrees at Harvard University and his PhD at Cornell University. Payne married actress Lisa Harrow and the couple share four kids. Roger Payne's Career: Payne made history in the world of science in 1967 during his research in Bermuda in which a Navy engineer provided him with some recordings of curious underwater sounds documented while listening for Russian submarines. In 1970 he released "Songs of the Humpback Whale," which was a surprise hit and it galvanised a global movement to end the commercial practice of whale hunting and save the whales from extinction. During a magazine interview, Payne said, "In spite of the racket, what I heard blew my mind. It seemed obvious that here, finally, was a chance to get the world interested in preventing the extinction of whales." He described the song as an "exuberant, uninterrupted river of sound" with long repeated "themes." He added that each song lasted up to 30 minutes and was sung by an entire group of male humpbacks at once. In 1975, a second LP was released and in 1987 Payne collaborated with musician Paul Winter putting whalesong to human music. Four-year later, Frank Watlington released whale recordings with Roger's commentary on a Flexi disc sound sheet inside the National Geographic magazine. It has 10.5 million copies and became the largest single press run of any record at that time. In 1971, he founded Ocean Alliance, a 501 (c)3 organisation working with whale and ocean conservation. The organisation is based in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Payne retired two years ago. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Roger Payne, biologist who discovered whales could sing, passes away at 88

Doctors are held in high regard across the globe. Their hard work and drive to save the patients are&nbsp;the source of awe, and in some cultures, they are even revered as 'living' gods. However, not even they can predict a patient's chances of death. However, a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool developed by a team at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine claims to hold the capability to do just that.

As per a report by the news agency AFP, the AI-based tool has shown promising results in reading physicians' notes and accurately predicting patients' risk of death, readmission to the hospital, and other important outcomes related to their care.&nbsp;

<h2>NYUTron</h2>

The software, known as NYUTron, is currently being used by NYU's affiliated hospitals in New York. The team behind this amazing tool hopes that one day it will become a standard component of healthcare practices.

A study published in the journal Nature highlights the predictive capabilities of this AI tool.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/ai-attempts-to-bring-dead-back-to-life-give-people-closure-601951">AI attempts to bring dead back to life, give people closure</a>

Talking to AFP, lead author Eric Oermann, a neurosurgeon and computer scientist at NYU, explained that while predictive models in medicine have existed for some time, they are not widely used due to the challenges of organising and formatting the required data.

However, the team realised that physicians consistently write detailed notes about their clinical observations and patient interactions. This, as per the team, can be a valuable source of data for building predictive models.

"One thing that's common in medicine everywhere, is physicians write notes about what they've seen in clinic, what they've discussed with patients," said Oermann.

"So our basic insight was, can we start with medical notes as our source of data, and then build predictive models on top of it?"

<h2>How did they achieve this feat?</h2>

NYUTron is basically a large language model. To train it, researchers used millions of clinical notes from the health records of 387,000 patients treated at NYU Langone hospitals between January 2011 and May 2020.

These notes encompassed various types of records written by doctors, including progress notes, radiology reports, and discharge instructions, resulting in a massive corpus of 4.1 billion words.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/ai-to-help-surgeons-pick-suitable-organs-for-transplants-will-help-perform-additional-300-transplants-a-year-567328">AI to pick suitable organs for transplants; help surgeons perform 300 more operations a year</a>

Using this data, the software made predictions which were then evaluated against real outcomes retrospectively.

One of the significant challenges the software faced was interpreting the diverse natural language used by physicians, which often includes unique abbreviations and variations.

<h2>The results?</h2>

Overall, NYUTron exhibited impressive performance, correctly identifying 95 per cent of patients who died in the hospital before discharge and predicting 80 per cent of patients who would be readmitted within 30 days.&nbsp;

Furthermore, NYUTron accurately estimated the actual length of stay for 79 per cent of patients, correctly identified 87 per cent of cases where insurance coverage was denied, and accurately recognized 89 per cent of cases where patients had additional conditions accompanying their primary disease.

It surpassed the predictions made by most doctors and outperformed non-AI computer models currently in use.&nbsp;

<h2>Can artificial intelligence&nbsp;replace doctors?</h2>

Interestingly, no. The tool was outperformed by the most experienced physician in the study, who achieved results exceeding the model's predictions.

As per Oermann, "the most senior physician who's actually a very famous physician, he had superhuman performance, better than the model."

Oermann emphasised that AI can never replace the physician-patient relationship. Instead, AI tools like NYUTron aim to "provide more information for physicians seamlessly at the point of care so they can make more informed decisions."&nbsp;He remarked that "the sweet spot for technology and medicine isn't that it's going to always deliver necessarily superhuman results, but it's going to really bring up that baseline."

(With inputs from agencies)

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Doctors are held in high regard across the globe. Their hard work and drive to save the patients are the source of awe, and in some cultures, they are even revered as 'living' gods.

Doctors are held in high regard across the globe. Their hard work and drive to save the patients are the source of awe, and in some cultures, they are even revered as 'living' gods. However, not even they can predict a patient's chances of death. However, a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool developed by a team at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine claims to hold the capability to do just that. As per a report by the news agency AFP, the AI-based tool has shown promising results in reading physicians' notes and accurately predicting patients' risk of death, readmission to the hospital, and other important outcomes related to their care. NYUTron The software, known as NYUTron, is currently being used by NYU's affiliated hospitals in New York. The team behind this amazing tool hopes that one day it will become a standard component of healthcare practices. A study published in the journal Nature highlights the predictive capabilities of this AI tool. Also read | AI attempts to bring dead back to life, give people closure Talking to AFP, lead author Eric Oermann, a neurosurgeon and computer scientist at NYU, explained that while predictive models in medicine have existed for some time, they are not widely used due to the challenges of organising and formatting the required data. However, the team realised that physicians consistently write detailed notes about their clinical observations and patient interactions. This, as per the team, can be a valuable source of data for building predictive models. "One thing that's common in medicine everywhere, is physicians write notes about what they've seen in clinic, what they've discussed with patients," said Oermann. "So our basic insight was, can we start with medical notes as our source of data, and then build predictive models on top of it?" How did they achieve this feat? NYUTron is basically a large language model. To train it, researchers used millions of clinical notes from the health records of 387,000 patients treated at NYU Langone hospitals between January 2011 and May 2020. These notes encompassed various types of records written by doctors, including progress notes, radiology reports, and discharge instructions, resulting in a massive corpus of 4.1 billion words. Also read | AI to pick suitable organs for transplants; help surgeons perform 300 more operations a year Using this data, the software made predictions which were then evaluated against real outcomes retrospectively. One of the significant challenges the software faced was interpreting the diverse natural language used by physicians, which often includes unique abbreviations and variations. The results? Overall, NYUTron exhibited impressive performance, correctly identifying 95 per cent of patients who died in the hospital before discharge and predicting 80 per cent of patients who would be readmitted within 30 days. Furthermore, NYUTron accurately estimated the actual length of stay for 79 per cent of patients, correctly identified 87 per cent of cases where insurance coverage was denied, and accurately recognized 89 per cent of cases where patients had additional conditions accompanying their primary disease. It surpassed the predictions made by most doctors and outperformed non-AI computer models currently in use. Can artificial intelligence replace doctors? Interestingly, no. The tool was outperformed by the most experienced physician in the study, who achieved results exceeding the model's predictions. As per Oermann, "the most senior physician who's actually a very famous physician, he had superhuman performance, better than the model." Oermann emphasised that AI can never replace the physician-patient relationship. Instead, AI tools like NYUTron aim to "provide more information for physicians seamlessly at the point of care so they can make more informed decisions." He remarked that "the sweet spot for technology and medicine isn't that it's going to always deliver necessarily superhuman results, but it's going to really bring up that baseline." (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Groundbreaking AI tool predicts patients' chances of death. Can it replace doctors?

Loss unites humanity as nothing else can. We've all lost someone we loved, and their deaths have left a space nothing and no one can fill. However, many startups are using the new technological capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to try to do just that. As per an AFP news report, these firms use AI to allow you to talk to your deceased loved ones.&nbsp;

For someone dealing with the grief that comes with loss, this technology can be a boon, but it also raises ethical questions.

<h2>Re-animating the deceased</h2>

Nothing can bring back the people we've lost. However, this technology tries to capture a part of their essence, which can help provide you with some semblance of comfort.

There are many startups offering the service. One such company called DeepBrain AI has a programme called "Rememory".

As per the AI firm's head of development, Joseph Murphy, they create a digital replica of the deceased using hours of video.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/real-terminators-synthetic-self-healing-skin-likely-to-create-killer-robots-on-battlefield-601382">Real Terminators? Synthetic self-healing skin likely to create killer robots on battlefield</a>

"We don't create new content," says Murphy. The company says that it only tries to replicate what the person would say when alive.&nbsp;

The company's "Rememory" programme&nbsp;adheres to a policy of not generating new content. This includes sentences or statements that the deceased individual would not have uttered or written during their lifetime.&nbsp;

"I'll call it a niche part of our business. It's not a growth area for us," he said as per AFP.

Another company, StoryFile,&nbsp;follows the same idea.

The company's head, Stephen Smith, said, "Our approach is to capture the wonder of an individual, then use the AI tools."&nbsp;

"It's a very fine ethical area that we're taking with great care," he added.&nbsp;StoryFile, claims several thousand users already use its Life service.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/saudi-arabia-launches-earth-and-space-science-studies-for-secondary-students-post-launch-of-astronauts-to-iss-601840">Saudi Arabia launches Earth and Space Science studies for secondary students</a>

Yet another similar service is called 'Replika'. It is developed by Russian engineer Eugenia Kyuda.

A few years back in 2015, Kyuda lost her best friend Roman to a tragic car accident. To deal with the grief, she developed a chatbot named 'Roman'. This chatbot was trained using thousands of text messages that her deceased friend had sent to loved ones.

After two years, Kyuda introduced Replika, a platform that provides highly advanced personalised conversational bots.

However, according to a spokesperson, Replika, unlike its predecessor Roman, "is not a platform made to recreate a lost loved one."

<h2>Is it only chatbots?</h2>

No. There are companies that are developing virtual clones.

One such company, Somnium Space, wants to create virtual clones of people while they are still alive. These clones would exist in a different world after the person passes away.&nbsp;

In a YouTube video announcing his product, Live Forever, CEO Artur Sychov acknowledged that this concept "It's not for everyone". He acknowledged that individual choices are involved.

"Do I want to meet my grandfather who's in AI? I don't know. But those who want that will be able to."

<h2>The ethical challenges</h2>

Thanks to regenerative technology, these AI avatars can say things the person never said in real life.

According to Joseph Murphy from DeepBrainAI, "These are philosophical challenges, not technical challenges".

"I would say that is a line right now that we do not plan on crossing, but who knows what the future holds?" he added.

Candi Cann, a professor at Baylor University who is studying this topic in South Korea, suggests that interacting with an AI clone of a person can be helpful for achieving closure, especially in "complicated" situations.

"I think it can be helpful to interact with an AI version of a person in order to get closure&nbsp;— particularly in situations where grief was complicated by abuse or trauma," said Cann.

Mari Dias, a professor of medical psychology at Johnson &amp; Wales University, asked her bereaved patients about their thoughts on virtual contact with their deceased loved ones. She revealed, that the&nbsp;most common answer is 'I don't trust AI. I'm afraid it's going to say something I'm not going to accept'. They express concerns and a lack of trust in AI. They fear that the AI avatar might say something they cannot accept, and they feel they have no control over the avatar's actions.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Loss unites humanity as nothing else can. We've all lost someone we loved, and their deaths have left a space nothing and no one can fill. However, many startups are using the new technological capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to try to do just that.

Loss unites humanity as nothing else can. We've all lost someone we loved, and their deaths have left a space nothing and no one can fill. However, many startups are using the new technological capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to try to do just that. As per an AFP news report, these firms use AI to allow you to talk to your deceased loved ones. For someone dealing with the grief that comes with loss, this technology can be a boon, but it also raises ethical questions. Re-animating the deceased Nothing can bring back the people we've lost. However, this technology tries to capture a part of their essence, which can help provide you with some semblance of comfort. There are many startups offering the service. One such company called DeepBrain AI has a programme called "Rememory". As per the AI firm's head of development, Joseph Murphy, they create a digital replica of the deceased using hours of video. Also read | Real Terminators? Synthetic self-healing skin likely to create killer robots on battlefield "We don't create new content," says Murphy. The company says that it only tries to replicate what the person would say when alive. The company's "Rememory" programme adheres to a policy of not generating new content. This includes sentences or statements that the deceased individual would not have uttered or written during their lifetime. "I'll call it a niche part of our business. It's not a growth area for us," he said as per AFP. Another company, StoryFile, follows the same idea. The company's head, Stephen Smith, said, "Our approach is to capture the wonder of an individual, then use the AI tools." "It's a very fine ethical area that we're taking with great care," he added. StoryFile, claims several thousand users already use its Life service. Also read | Saudi Arabia launches Earth and Space Science studies for secondary students Yet another similar service is called 'Replika'. It is developed by Russian engineer Eugenia Kyuda. A few years back in 2015, Kyuda lost her best friend Roman to a tragic car accident. To deal with the grief, she developed a chatbot named 'Roman'. This chatbot was trained using thousands of text messages that her deceased friend had sent to loved ones. After two years, Kyuda introduced Replika, a platform that provides highly advanced personalised conversational bots. However, according to a spokesperson, Replika, unlike its predecessor Roman, "is not a platform made to recreate a lost loved one." Is it only chatbots? No. There are companies that are developing virtual clones. One such company, Somnium Space, wants to create virtual clones of people while they are still alive. These clones would exist in a different world after the person passes away. In a YouTube video announcing his product, Live Forever, CEO Artur Sychov acknowledged that this concept "It's not for everyone". He acknowledged that individual choices are involved. "Do I want to meet my grandfather who's in AI? I don't know. But those who want that will be able to." The ethical challenges Thanks to regenerative technology, these AI avatars can say things the person never said in real life. According to Joseph Murphy from DeepBrainAI, "These are philosophical challenges, not technical challenges". "I would say that is a line right now that we do not plan on crossing, but who knows what the future holds?" he added. Candi Cann, a professor at Baylor University who is studying this topic in South Korea, suggests that interacting with an AI clone of a person can be helpful for achieving closure, especially in "complicated" situations. "I think it can be helpful to interact with an AI version of a person in order to get closure — particularly in situations where grief was complicated by abuse or trauma," said Cann. Mari Dias, a professor of medical psychology at Johnson & Wales University, asked her bereaved patients about their thoughts on virtual contact with their deceased loved ones. She revealed, that the most common answer is 'I don't trust AI. I'm afraid it's going to say something I'm not going to accept'. They express concerns and a lack of trust in AI. They fear that the AI avatar might say something they cannot accept, and they feel they have no control over the avatar's actions. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

AI attempts to bring dead back to life, give people closure

In a significant development, the Saudi Ministry of Education has given the green light to incorporate earth and space sciences into the secondary school curriculum, starting from the academic year 1445 (2023-24), as reported by media outlets citing local sources.

This decision comes in the wake of the Kingdom's achievement in launching two Saudi astronauts to the&nbsp;International Space Station (ISS).&nbsp;Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi embarked on their space journey under the Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2) programme on 21 May as part of the Kingdom's first historic space mission.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indian-cabinet-approves-11-bn-revival-package-for-bsnl-report-601680">Indian cabinet approves third revival package of $11 bn for BSNL</a>

According to the Saudi Gazette, third-grade secondary students will begin learning Earth and Space Sciences in the second and third semesters of the upcoming academic year. This initiative has been incorporated into the new academic plan recently issued by the Ministry.

<h2>Fostering positive attitude&nbsp;towards space science&nbsp;</h2>

The inclusion of Earth and Space Sciences in the curriculum aims to cultivate positive attitudes toward space science among students. It will inspire students and will fill them with curiosity by capturing their imagination and inspiring them to explore the unknown.&nbsp;The study, as per media reports, will align with international academic standards and recent advancements in the field.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/indian-american-father-sacrifices-life-saving-son-from-drowning-at-california-beach-601691">Indian-American father sacrifices life saving son from drowning at California beach</a>

Earth and Space Sciences can also be proven vital for future careers in fields like space exploration, robotics, and aerospace.

<h2>New opportunities for students&nbsp;</h2>

The addition of these subjects will also provide students with more learning opportunities in applied science disciplines and introduce new subjects such as data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security, and engineering.

Positive attitudes toward earth and space science can inspire students to pursue careers in technology and engineering, contributing to advancements in a varied number of areas, such as satellite communications, remote sensing, and propulsion systems.

The new course will introduce students to the fundamentals of earth and space sciences, exploring the interconnectedness between the Earth, atmosphere, space, water, and living organisms, a media report said.&nbsp;

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This course for secondary students will also cover critical natural phenomena in the universe, including solar and lunar eclipses, the moon, and celestial bodies.

By introducing earth and space sciences into the curriculum, Saudi Arabia aims to foster scientific curiosity and knowledge among its students. The course will prepare future minds for the challenges and opportunities presented by the ever-expanding field of space exploration.

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In a significant development, the Saudi Ministry of Education has given the green light to incorporate earth and space sciences into the secondary school curriculum, starting from the academic year 1445 (2023-24), as reported by media outlets citing local sources.

In a significant development, the Saudi Ministry of Education has given the green light to incorporate earth and space sciences into the secondary school curriculum, starting from the academic year 1445 (2023-24), as reported by media outlets citing local sources. This decision comes in the wake of the Kingdom's achievement in launching two Saudi astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS). Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi embarked on their space journey under the Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2) programme on 21 May as part of the Kingdom's first historic space mission. Also Read | Indian cabinet approves third revival package of $11 bn for BSNL According to the Saudi Gazette, third-grade secondary students will begin learning Earth and Space Sciences in the second and third semesters of the upcoming academic year. This initiative has been incorporated into the new academic plan recently issued by the Ministry. Fostering positive attitude towards space science The inclusion of Earth and Space Sciences in the curriculum aims to cultivate positive attitudes toward space science among students. It will inspire students and will fill them with curiosity by capturing their imagination and inspiring them to explore the unknown. The study, as per media reports, will align with international academic standards and recent advancements in the field. Also Read | Indian-American father sacrifices life saving son from drowning at California beach Earth and Space Sciences can also be proven vital for future careers in fields like space exploration, robotics, and aerospace. New opportunities for students The addition of these subjects will also provide students with more learning opportunities in applied science disciplines and introduce new subjects such as data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security, and engineering. Positive attitudes toward earth and space science can inspire students to pursue careers in technology and engineering, contributing to advancements in a varied number of areas, such as satellite communications, remote sensing, and propulsion systems. The new course will introduce students to the fundamentals of earth and space sciences, exploring the interconnectedness between the Earth, atmosphere, space, water, and living organisms, a media report said. Watch | Taylor Swift flaunts Rs 8K bangles from an Indian brand in her music video 'Karma' × This course for secondary students will also cover critical natural phenomena in the universe, including solar and lunar eclipses, the moon, and celestial bodies. By introducing earth and space sciences into the curriculum, Saudi Arabia aims to foster scientific curiosity and knowledge among its students. The course will prepare future minds for the challenges and opportunities presented by the ever-expanding field of space exploration. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. ×

Saudi Arabia launches Earth and Space Science studies for secondary students

In a first, scientists discovered new information about&nbsp;a key process which is involved in the early phases of programmed cell death also known as apoptosis which also stops cancer from spreading. The findings of the study which was led by Dr Luke Clifton, of the Science and Technology&nbsp;Facilities Council’s ISIS Neutron and Muon Source in Oxfordshire were published last week in the journal Science Advances.&nbsp;

<h2>What do we need to know about the cells studied?</h2>

The researchers found the molecular mechanism in apoptosis where cells are no longer needed to undergo self-destruction by activating the so-called “death programme”. Apoptosis is crucial for human life and also plays an important role in biological processes like immune system regulation.&nbsp;

It also helps eliminate potentially harmful or cancerous cells from the body while its disruption can cause cancerous cells to grow and reject treatments. Typically, apoptosis in healthy cells is regulated by two proteins, Bax and Bcl-2.&nbsp;

Bax is a soluble protein which is responsible for getting rid of the old or diseased cells from the body, as it creates pierces through a cell’s mitochondrial membrane to form pores which trigger the programmed cell death or apoptosis.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, Bcl-2, which is embedded within the mitochondrial membrane, can offset this process in some cases which acts to prevent untimely cell death by capturing and sequestering Bax proteins. However, in cancerous cells, Bcl-2 is overproduced and leads to uninhibited cell growth and where normal cells stop dividing, cancer cells can keep on proliferating forming a growing tumour.&nbsp;

<h2>What did the scientists find?</h2>

For the first time, the researchers have found evidence of the involvement of mitochondrial lipids in the cell-death process, through a technique known as neutron reflectometry. It enabled scientists to study in real time the way that the Bax interacts with lipids present in the mitochondrial membrane during the initial stages of apoptosis.

“As far as we can tell, the mechanism by which Bax initiates cell death is previously unseen. Once we know more about the interplay between Bax and Bcl-2 and how it relates to this mechanism, we’ll have a more complete picture of a process that is fundamental to human life,” said Dr Clifton, as quoted by the Irish Examiner.&nbsp;

The scientists found that when Bax creates pores, it extracts lipids from the mitochondrial membrane to form clusters on the mitochondrial surface and with the help of time-resolved neutron reflectometry and surface infrared spectroscopy, they were able to see that in two stages.&nbsp;

First was the fast absorption of Bax onto the mitochondrial membrane surface which was followed by a slower formation of membrane-destroying pores and Bax-lipid clusters, which occurred simultaneously.&nbsp;

Similarly, Professor Gerhard Grobner of Umea University in Sweden and co-lead of the study said, “The unique findings here will not only have a significant impact in the field of apoptosis research but will also open gateways for exploring Bax and its relatives as interesting targets in cancer therapy such as by tuning up their cell-killing potential,” as per ANI.&nbsp; 
 
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In a first, scientists discovered new information about a key process which is involved in the early phases of programmed cell death also known as apoptosis which also stops cancer from spreading.

In a first, scientists discovered new information about a key process which is involved in the early phases of programmed cell death also known as apoptosis which also stops cancer from spreading. The findings of the study which was led by Dr Luke Clifton, of the Science and Technology Facilities Council’s ISIS Neutron and Muon Source in Oxfordshire were published last week in the journal Science Advances. What do we need to know about the cells studied? The researchers found the molecular mechanism in apoptosis where cells are no longer needed to undergo self-destruction by activating the so-called “death programme”. Apoptosis is crucial for human life and also plays an important role in biological processes like immune system regulation. It also helps eliminate potentially harmful or cancerous cells from the body while its disruption can cause cancerous cells to grow and reject treatments. Typically, apoptosis in healthy cells is regulated by two proteins, Bax and Bcl-2. Bax is a soluble protein which is responsible for getting rid of the old or diseased cells from the body, as it creates pierces through a cell’s mitochondrial membrane to form pores which trigger the programmed cell death or apoptosis. Meanwhile, Bcl-2, which is embedded within the mitochondrial membrane, can offset this process in some cases which acts to prevent untimely cell death by capturing and sequestering Bax proteins. However, in cancerous cells, Bcl-2 is overproduced and leads to uninhibited cell growth and where normal cells stop dividing, cancer cells can keep on proliferating forming a growing tumour. What did the scientists find? For the first time, the researchers have found evidence of the involvement of mitochondrial lipids in the cell-death process, through a technique known as neutron reflectometry. It enabled scientists to study in real time the way that the Bax interacts with lipids present in the mitochondrial membrane during the initial stages of apoptosis. “As far as we can tell, the mechanism by which Bax initiates cell death is previously unseen. Once we know more about the interplay between Bax and Bcl-2 and how it relates to this mechanism, we’ll have a more complete picture of a process that is fundamental to human life,” said Dr Clifton, as quoted by the Irish Examiner. The scientists found that when Bax creates pores, it extracts lipids from the mitochondrial membrane to form clusters on the mitochondrial surface and with the help of time-resolved neutron reflectometry and surface infrared spectroscopy, they were able to see that in two stages. First was the fast absorption of Bax onto the mitochondrial membrane surface which was followed by a slower formation of membrane-destroying pores and Bax-lipid clusters, which occurred simultaneously. Similarly, Professor Gerhard Grobner of Umea University in Sweden and co-lead of the study said, “The unique findings here will not only have a significant impact in the field of apoptosis research but will also open gateways for exploring Bax and its relatives as interesting targets in cancer therapy such as by tuning up their cell-killing potential,” as per ANI. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Scientists find key process in cell death that stops progression of cancer

A 5,000-mile-wide blob&nbsp;of murky seaweed slithered menacingly across the Atlantic before depositing itself upon the US coastline. It may have been one of Alfred Hitchcock's fantastical otherworldly stories.

However, now that massive clumps of the 13 million tonne sargassum belt known as the Great Atlantic are washing up on Florida beaches, scientists are warning of a real-life hazard posed by the heaps of rotting algae, notably high concentrations of the flesh-eating Vibrio bacteria hiding in the vegetation.

The disturbing discovery by marine scientists at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) gives the invasion of brown seaweed—which is already threatening to ruin the state's lucrative summer tourism season—a perilous new dimension. Coatings of decomposing goop emit a strong odour resembling that of rotting eggs.

Even more concerning, according to the experts, is how ocean pollution contributes to the growth of the bacteria, which, if ingested, can lead to illness and even death. As a result of the plastic debris's interaction with the bacteria and algae in the samples studied from the Atlantic's Caribbean and Sargasso Sea, a "perfect pathogen storm [with] implications for both marine life and public health" was created.

“Our lab work showed that these Vibrio are extremely aggressive and can seek out and stick to plastic within minutes,” Tracy Mincer, assistant professor of biology at FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute and Harriet L Wilkes Honors College told the Guardian.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/breast-cancer-drug-slashes-risk-of-recurrence-by-25-a-game-changer-in-fight-against-the-disease-600156">Breast cancer drug slashes risk of recurrence by 25 pc, a game-changer in fight against the disease</a>

<h2>Disturbing discovery</h2>

He said that the seaweed belt, which stretches from the Gulf of Mexico to the coast of Africa, served as the ideal breeding habitat for "omnivorous" strains of bacteria that prey on both plant and animal life, as well as accompanying "microbial flora" that may include diseases with high pathogenic potential.

“We really want to make the public aware of these associated risks. In particular, caution should be exercised regarding the harvest and processing of sargassum biomass until the risks are explored more thoroughly,” he said.

Many people are concerned about this, including municipal workers tasked with cleaning up washed-up seaweed off Florida's beaches to make them more appealing to visitors, as well as groups of volunteers who care about the environment and fill garbage bags with the debris that has washed ashore.

“It’s very alarming in the first place to see it on the beaches, and alarming to see all the plastic that is entangled in it. And now even more than that, there’s harmful bacteria too. That’s so scary,” Sophie Ringel, founder of the non-profit&nbsp;Clean Miami Beach told the Guardian.

In order to minimise direct contact with the items they remove, recruits will be using protective measures including thick gloves, sanitisers, and long-handled grabbers for the group's beach cleaning on Saturday to commemorate World Ocean Day.

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A 5,000-mile-wide blob of murky seaweed slithered menacingly across the Atlantic before depositing itself upon the US coastline. It may have been one of Alfred Hitchcock's fantastical otherworldly stories.

A 5,000-mile-wide blob of murky seaweed slithered menacingly across the Atlantic before depositing itself upon the US coastline. It may have been one of Alfred Hitchcock's fantastical otherworldly stories. However, now that massive clumps of the 13 million tonne sargassum belt known as the Great Atlantic are washing up on Florida beaches, scientists are warning of a real-life hazard posed by the heaps of rotting algae, notably high concentrations of the flesh-eating Vibrio bacteria hiding in the vegetation. The disturbing discovery by marine scientists at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) gives the invasion of brown seaweed—which is already threatening to ruin the state's lucrative summer tourism season—a perilous new dimension. Coatings of decomposing goop emit a strong odour resembling that of rotting eggs. Even more concerning, according to the experts, is how ocean pollution contributes to the growth of the bacteria, which, if ingested, can lead to illness and even death. As a result of the plastic debris's interaction with the bacteria and algae in the samples studied from the Atlantic's Caribbean and Sargasso Sea, a "perfect pathogen storm [with] implications for both marine life and public health" was created. “Our lab work showed that these Vibrio are extremely aggressive and can seek out and stick to plastic within minutes,” Tracy Mincer, assistant professor of biology at FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute and Harriet L Wilkes Honors College told the Guardian. Also read | Breast cancer drug slashes risk of recurrence by 25 pc, a game-changer in fight against the disease Disturbing discovery He said that the seaweed belt, which stretches from the Gulf of Mexico to the coast of Africa, served as the ideal breeding habitat for "omnivorous" strains of bacteria that prey on both plant and animal life, as well as accompanying "microbial flora" that may include diseases with high pathogenic potential. “We really want to make the public aware of these associated risks. In particular, caution should be exercised regarding the harvest and processing of sargassum biomass until the risks are explored more thoroughly,” he said. Many people are concerned about this, including municipal workers tasked with cleaning up washed-up seaweed off Florida's beaches to make them more appealing to visitors, as well as groups of volunteers who care about the environment and fill garbage bags with the debris that has washed ashore. “It’s very alarming in the first place to see it on the beaches, and alarming to see all the plastic that is entangled in it. And now even more than that, there’s harmful bacteria too. That’s so scary,” Sophie Ringel, founder of the non-profit Clean Miami Beach told the Guardian. In order to minimise direct contact with the items they remove, recruits will be using protective measures including thick gloves, sanitisers, and long-handled grabbers for the group's beach cleaning on Saturday to commemorate World Ocean Day. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

US: Heaps of seaweed full of flesh-eating bacteria hit Florida beaches

Dr&nbsp;Garry Nolan, a&nbsp;well-known immunologist and professor at Stanford University, and a Nobel Prize nominee, made a bold claim at a recent conference in Manhattan, claiming that there is an absolute certainty, a "100 per cent," that extraterrestrial life forms have visited Earth in the past and continue to be present on our planet today.

Nolan linked prospective contacts with aliens to the first glimpses of Spanish ships by South American tribes, implying that humanity may have previously encountered these species without realising their true nature, as reported by the Daily Mail.

He believes that rather than&nbsp;mingling among us disguised as humans, these intelligent life forms will most likely use intermediaries or some sophisticated kind of intelligence.

However, the Stanford professor emphasised that he had no fears about aliens constituting a threat to humans. He disregarded the concepts of extraterrestrial invasions or abductions, emphasising that his focus is on discovering how humans may profit from any alien technology that may have been left behind on Earth.

Nolan also reported his engagement with the CIA, where he used his immunology skills to research medical difficulties supposedly caused by contact with mysterious aerial phenomena.

He emphasised the striking similarities between the symptoms displayed by these patients and the ailment known as "Havana syndrome," which was originally identified in Cuba in 2016 and affected numerous US officials and military personnel stationed abroad.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/from-alien-attack-to-lab-babies-baba-vangas-predictions-for-2023-are-scary-and-outrageous-540385">From alien attack to lab babies: Baba Vanga's predictions for 2023 are scary and outrageous</a>

Furthermore, Nolan claims to have been involved in CIA research projects involving the investigation of items reportedly collected at areas where UFOs had been spotted. He claims to have had touch with people who have worked or are now working on clandestine programmes aimed at reverse engineering UFO technology.

Nolan and attorney Daniel Sheehan reported that other whistleblowers, maybe as many as six, recently spoke with the US Congress. These people claimed to have been involved in programmes similar to the Roswell event, which involved the recovery of crashed UFOs and subsequent efforts to study and reproduce their sophisticated technology.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indian-scientists-discover-gigantic-alien-planet-13-times-bigger-than-jupiter-598281">Indian scientists discover gigantic alien planet, 13 times bigger than Jupiter</a>

<h2>US attitude towards UFOs</h2>

In response to the increased interest in UFO-related issues, President Joe Biden signed legislation last year requiring the Pentagon to send confidential reports to high-ranking senators on any undisclosed UFO programmes. Congress also passed laws to protect whistleblowers who had taken part in similar programmes.

However, Sean Kirkpatrick, the chief of the Pentagon's All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), said last month during a Senate hearing that there is currently no clear proof of alien life.

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Dr Garry Nolan, a well-known immunologist and professor at Stanford University, and a Nobel Prize nominee, made a bold claim at a recent conference in Manhattan, claiming that there is an absolute certainty, a "100 per cent," that extraterrestrial life forms have visited Earth in the past and continue to be present on our planet today.

Dr Garry Nolan, a well-known immunologist and professor at Stanford University, and a Nobel Prize nominee, made a bold claim at a recent conference in Manhattan, claiming that there is an absolute certainty, a "100 per cent," that extraterrestrial life forms have visited Earth in the past and continue to be present on our planet today. Nolan linked prospective contacts with aliens to the first glimpses of Spanish ships by South American tribes, implying that humanity may have previously encountered these species without realising their true nature, as reported by the Daily Mail. He believes that rather than mingling among us disguised as humans, these intelligent life forms will most likely use intermediaries or some sophisticated kind of intelligence. However, the Stanford professor emphasised that he had no fears about aliens constituting a threat to humans. He disregarded the concepts of extraterrestrial invasions or abductions, emphasising that his focus is on discovering how humans may profit from any alien technology that may have been left behind on Earth. Nolan also reported his engagement with the CIA, where he used his immunology skills to research medical difficulties supposedly caused by contact with mysterious aerial phenomena. He emphasised the striking similarities between the symptoms displayed by these patients and the ailment known as "Havana syndrome," which was originally identified in Cuba in 2016 and affected numerous US officials and military personnel stationed abroad. Also read | From alien attack to lab babies: Baba Vanga's predictions for 2023 are scary and outrageous Furthermore, Nolan claims to have been involved in CIA research projects involving the investigation of items reportedly collected at areas where UFOs had been spotted. He claims to have had touch with people who have worked or are now working on clandestine programmes aimed at reverse engineering UFO technology. Nolan and attorney Daniel Sheehan reported that other whistleblowers, maybe as many as six, recently spoke with the US Congress. These people claimed to have been involved in programmes similar to the Roswell event, which involved the recovery of crashed UFOs and subsequent efforts to study and reproduce their sophisticated technology. Also read | Indian scientists discover gigantic alien planet, 13 times bigger than Jupiter US attitude towards UFOs In response to the increased interest in UFO-related issues, President Joe Biden signed legislation last year requiring the Pentagon to send confidential reports to high-ranking senators on any undisclosed UFO programmes. Congress also passed laws to protect whistleblowers who had taken part in similar programmes. However, Sean Kirkpatrick, the chief of the Pentagon's All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), said last month during a Senate hearing that there is currently no clear proof of alien life. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Do aliens live among us? Famous immunologist, Nobel Prize nominee claims they do

Scientists have discovered one of Australia's first long-distance walkers,&nbsp;a 250kg marsupial with "heeled hands" that explored the continent's parched interior 3.5 million years ago.

Flinders University palaeontologists used 3D scanning to describe a new group of ancient marsupials called Ambulator - meaning walker or wanderer - for its distinctive leg and foot characteristics that allowed it to easily move large distances.

The classification is based on the finding of an incomplete skeleton in 2017 at the Kalamurina Sanctuary of the Australian Wildlife Conservancy in north-eastern South Australia.&nbsp;

According to Jacob van Zoelen, the study's primary author and a PhD student at Flinders University, the specimen, now known as Ambulator keanei, was unusual for the quantity of bones it contained that originated from a single species.

“What was really cool about this specimen is that the foot was encased in concretion, this rock that formed shortly after death,” he told The Guardian.

Soft tissue imprints inside the rock were revealed by CT scanning, providing researchers with knowledge into the nature of the animal's footpad.

Many huge contemporary herbivores, such as elephants and rhinoceroses, are digitigrades, which means they walk on the tips of their toes rather than their heels.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/microrobots-smaller-than-human-hair-could-soon-be-used-to-treat-humans-598444">Microrobots, smaller than human hair, could soon be used to treat humans</a>

<h2>What are&nbsp;Ambulators?</h2>

Ambulator, on the other hand, was a plantigrade that walked with its heels on the ground to distribute weight, much like humans.

These adaptations occurred at a period when the Australian climate got drier and grasslands and open habitat increased.

“These animals were needing methods of evolving efficient locomotion,” Van Zoelen told the Guardian.

Ambulator is a member of the diprotodontids, a family of giant marsupial herbivores that played an important role in Australian ecosystems until the final species became extinct some 40,000 years ago.

Diprotodontids were an incredibly diverse family of animals, Van Zoelen said. “You’ve got ones that are capable of climbing … you have ones with insanely large cheekbones like Euryzygoma, you’ve got ones with really gnarly teeth.”

“The largest herbivores we have today are kangaroos, but some of these animals grew up to 2.7 tonnes,” he added.

The rhinoceros-sized Diprotodon, the biggest marsupial known to live, was one prominent diprotodontid.

Ambulator keanei was originally placed in the genus Zygomaturus, but researchers determined that "while the teeth are very similar, the skull is much more slender, with much smaller cheek muscles than Zygomaturus," according to Van Zoelen.

The findings have been published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

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Scientists have discovered one of Australia's first long-distance walkers, a 250kg marsupial with "heeled hands" that explored the continent's parched interior 3.

Scientists have discovered one of Australia's first long-distance walkers, a 250kg marsupial with "heeled hands" that explored the continent's parched interior 3.5 million years ago. Flinders University palaeontologists used 3D scanning to describe a new group of ancient marsupials called Ambulator - meaning walker or wanderer - for its distinctive leg and foot characteristics that allowed it to easily move large distances. The classification is based on the finding of an incomplete skeleton in 2017 at the Kalamurina Sanctuary of the Australian Wildlife Conservancy in north-eastern South Australia. According to Jacob van Zoelen, the study's primary author and a PhD student at Flinders University, the specimen, now known as Ambulator keanei, was unusual for the quantity of bones it contained that originated from a single species. “What was really cool about this specimen is that the foot was encased in concretion, this rock that formed shortly after death,” he told The Guardian. Soft tissue imprints inside the rock were revealed by CT scanning, providing researchers with knowledge into the nature of the animal's footpad. Many huge contemporary herbivores, such as elephants and rhinoceroses, are digitigrades, which means they walk on the tips of their toes rather than their heels. ALSO READ | Microrobots, smaller than human hair, could soon be used to treat humans What are Ambulators? Ambulator, on the other hand, was a plantigrade that walked with its heels on the ground to distribute weight, much like humans. These adaptations occurred at a period when the Australian climate got drier and grasslands and open habitat increased. “These animals were needing methods of evolving efficient locomotion,” Van Zoelen told the Guardian. Ambulator is a member of the diprotodontids, a family of giant marsupial herbivores that played an important role in Australian ecosystems until the final species became extinct some 40,000 years ago. Diprotodontids were an incredibly diverse family of animals, Van Zoelen said. “You’ve got ones that are capable of climbing … you have ones with insanely large cheekbones like Euryzygoma, you’ve got ones with really gnarly teeth.” “The largest herbivores we have today are kangaroos, but some of these animals grew up to 2.7 tonnes,” he added. The rhinoceros-sized Diprotodon, the biggest marsupial known to live, was one prominent diprotodontid. Ambulator keanei was originally placed in the genus Zygomaturus, but researchers determined that "while the teeth are very similar, the skull is much more slender, with much smaller cheek muscles than Zygomaturus," according to Van Zoelen. The findings have been published in the journal Royal Society Open Science. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Australian scientists identify first long-distance walkers using 3D scanning

An international&nbsp;team of scientists led by Professor Abhijit Chakraborty of the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad identified the densest alien planet, 13 times the size of Jupiter.

This is the third exoplanet identified by PRL scientists. The discovery was detailed in the journal Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics Letters.

Scientists from India, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States utilised the indigenous PRL Advanced Radial-velocity Abu-sky Search spectrograph (PARAS) at Mt. Abu's Gurushikhar Observatory to precisely determine the planet's mass. The exoplanet weighs 14 g/cm3.

<h2>A Look at TOI 4603b</h2>

The newly found planet orbits a star known as TOI4603 or HD 245134, and Nasa's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has previously identified the star as a prospective home for a secondary body of unknown type. The body has now been identified as a planet and given the designation TOI 4603b or HD 245134b, reported India Today.

The planet is 731 light years distant from Earth and revolves around its star every 7.24 days. With a temperature of 1396 degrees Celsius, the planet is scorching.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/uae-set-to-land-spacecraft-on-asteroid-between-mars-and-jupiter-in-2034-598273">UAE set to land spacecraft on asteroid between Mars and Jupiter in 2034</a>

As per the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), what distinguishes this finding is that it falls into the transition mass region between huge giant planets and low-mass brown dwarfs.

The masses of these planets vary from 11 to 16 times that of Jupiter, and fewer than five exoplanets in this mass range are currently known.

While the quest for life beyond Earth continues, scientists have identified over 5,000 exoplanets beyond the solar system with varying natures, features, and atmospheres.

The recently discovered exoplanet TOI 4603b is one of the most massive and dense giant planets, orbiting its home star at a distance less than one-tenth that of our Sun.

"The detection of such systems provides valuable insights into the formation, migration, and evolution mechanisms of massive exoplanets," ISRO&nbsp;said.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-james-webb-telescope-spots-saturns-moon-blasting-huge-plumes-of-life-containing-water-into-space-597526">NASA's James Webb Telescope spots Saturn's moon blasting 'huge plumes' of life-containing water into space</a>

<h2 itemprop="headline">New Earth-sized planet discovered</h2>

A new Earth-sized planet has been discovered approximately 90 light-years away&nbsp;from us. In astronomical terms, that's right next door. Furthermore, it may be capable of maintaining life, reported New Atlas.

Astronomers discovered LP 791-18d using ground- and space-based investigations by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and its now-retired Spitzer Space Telescope.

LP 791-18d circles a tiny red dwarf star approximately 90 light-years distant in the constellation Crater in the southern celestial hemisphere. The scientists that discovered the planet calculated its mass by comparing the time it takes the planet to orbit its home star. These orbits are caused by the gravitational attraction of the other planets in the system.

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An international team of scientists led by Professor Abhijit Chakraborty of the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad identified the densest alien planet, 13 times the size of Jupiter.

An international team of scientists led by Professor Abhijit Chakraborty of the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad identified the densest alien planet, 13 times the size of Jupiter. This is the third exoplanet identified by PRL scientists. The discovery was detailed in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters. Scientists from India, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States utilised the indigenous PRL Advanced Radial-velocity Abu-sky Search spectrograph (PARAS) at Mt. Abu's Gurushikhar Observatory to precisely determine the planet's mass. The exoplanet weighs 14 g/cm3. A Look at TOI 4603b The newly found planet orbits a star known as TOI4603 or HD 245134, and Nasa's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has previously identified the star as a prospective home for a secondary body of unknown type. The body has now been identified as a planet and given the designation TOI 4603b or HD 245134b, reported India Today. The planet is 731 light years distant from Earth and revolves around its star every 7.24 days. With a temperature of 1396 degrees Celsius, the planet is scorching. ALSO READ | UAE set to land spacecraft on asteroid between Mars and Jupiter in 2034 As per the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), what distinguishes this finding is that it falls into the transition mass region between huge giant planets and low-mass brown dwarfs. The masses of these planets vary from 11 to 16 times that of Jupiter, and fewer than five exoplanets in this mass range are currently known. While the quest for life beyond Earth continues, scientists have identified over 5,000 exoplanets beyond the solar system with varying natures, features, and atmospheres. The recently discovered exoplanet TOI 4603b is one of the most massive and dense giant planets, orbiting its home star at a distance less than one-tenth that of our Sun. "The detection of such systems provides valuable insights into the formation, migration, and evolution mechanisms of massive exoplanets," ISRO said. ALSO READ | NASA's James Webb Telescope spots Saturn's moon blasting 'huge plumes' of life-containing water into space New Earth-sized planet discovered A new Earth-sized planet has been discovered approximately 90 light-years away from us. In astronomical terms, that's right next door. Furthermore, it may be capable of maintaining life, reported New Atlas. Astronomers discovered LP 791-18d using ground- and space-based investigations by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and its now-retired Spitzer Space Telescope. LP 791-18d circles a tiny red dwarf star approximately 90 light-years distant in the constellation Crater in the southern celestial hemisphere. The scientists that discovered the planet calculated its mass by comparing the time it takes the planet to orbit its home star. These orbits are caused by the gravitational attraction of the other planets in the system. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Indian scientists discover gigantic alien planet, 13 times bigger than Jupiter

Scientists have broadly agreed that our species, Homo sapiens, originated in Africa and that modern humans also arose from one place on that continent in time. However, the findings published in the journal Nature, on Wednesday (May 17), say otherwise. The study finds that only humans lived in different regions of Africa but also migrated from one region to another.&nbsp;

A study led by McGill University in Canada and the University of California-Davis in the United States, suggests that modern humans descended from two populations that coexisted in Africa for a million years before merging in several independent groups&nbsp;across the continent.&nbsp; 
 
It was this migration and DNA mixing with one another over a period of hundreds of thousands of years that made modern humans, finds the study, which now counters some of the dominant theories about human origins in Africa.

Previous research 
 
“At different times, people who embraced the classic model of a single origin for Homo sapiens suggested that humans first emerged in either East or Southern Africa,” said co-lead author on the research and population geneticist in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis, Brenna Henn.

Over the years, paleoanthropologists and geneticists have found evidence that points to Africa as the origin of our species as some of the oldest fossils which may have belonged to modern humans have been unearthed there.&nbsp;

Additionally, “limited fossil and archaeological records of human occupation from sites as far afield as Morocco, Ethiopia, and South Africa show that Homo sapiens were to be found living across the continent as far back as at least 300,000 years ago,” said Henn.&nbsp;

What did Henn and her team find?

The research team analysed the genomes of 290 living people from four geographically and genetically diverse African groups. The systemic test was done in order to trace the similarities and differences between the populations over the past million years and gain insight into the genetic interconnections and human evolution across the continent.&nbsp;

Henn and her colleagues also developed software to run large-scale simulations of human history. They also created multiple scenarios of different populations existing in Africa over different periods of time to observe which one could have produced the diversity of DNA found in people alive today.

They studied the DNA from a range of African groups like Nama (Khoe-San) a group of hunter-gatherers from South Africa, the Mende who are farmers living in Sierra Leone, the Gumuz who are recent descendants of a hunter-gatherer group from Ethiopia; and the Amhara and Oromo (agriculturalists from eastern Africa).&nbsp;

Notably, living Africans have a vast amount of genetic diversity compared with other people since humans had lived and evolved there for hundreds of thousands of years with a relatively small gene pool before they began expanding to other continents.&nbsp;

“We used a new algorithm to rapidly test hundreds of possible scenarios,” said Simon Gravel, co-senior author of the paper and Associate Professor in the Department of Human Genetics at McGill University. He added that the algorithm was initially written to understand the risk of genetic disease and how it varies across populations, “and it led us to this deep dive into human origins.”

The researchers also included some Eurasian genetic material to include traces of colonial incursions and mixing in Africa and also looked at the genome of a 50,000-year-old Neanderthal found in Croatia. According to Henn and her colleagues, the ancestors of our species existed in two distinct populations which, for the purposes of this research, were called Stem1 and Stem2.

The study showed that some 600,000 years ago, a small group of humans with their origins from Stem1 went on to become the Neanderthals. On the other hand, Stem1 endured in Africa for hundreds of thousands of years after that, as did Stem2. The study also found that the two populations were not all that different.&nbsp;

Therefore, the researchers concluded that people moved between Stem1 and Stem2 and paired off to have children and thus mixing their DNA. However, their model does not reveal if Stem1 and Stem2 people lived in Africa but speculated that the groups moved a lot over time.&nbsp;

The researchers also found despite these mergers 120,000 years ago, when humans also supposedly experienced a dramatic shift in African history, as the model indicates, people with solely Stem1 or solely Stem2 ancestry appear to have survived.&nbsp; 
 
 
&nbsp;

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Scientists have broadly agreed that our species, Homo sapiens, originated in Africa and that modern humans also arose from one place on that continent in time. However, the findings published in the journal Nature, on Wednesday (May 17), say otherwise.

Scientists have broadly agreed that our species, Homo sapiens, originated in Africa and that modern humans also arose from one place on that continent in time. However, the findings published in the journal Nature, on Wednesday (May 17), say otherwise. The study finds that only humans lived in different regions of Africa but also migrated from one region to another. A study led by McGill University in Canada and the University of California-Davis in the United States, suggests that modern humans descended from two populations that coexisted in Africa for a million years before merging in several independent groups across the continent. It was this migration and DNA mixing with one another over a period of hundreds of thousands of years that made modern humans, finds the study, which now counters some of the dominant theories about human origins in Africa. Previous research “At different times, people who embraced the classic model of a single origin for Homo sapiens suggested that humans first emerged in either East or Southern Africa,” said co-lead author on the research and population geneticist in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis, Brenna Henn. Over the years, paleoanthropologists and geneticists have found evidence that points to Africa as the origin of our species as some of the oldest fossils which may have belonged to modern humans have been unearthed there. Additionally, “limited fossil and archaeological records of human occupation from sites as far afield as Morocco, Ethiopia, and South Africa show that Homo sapiens were to be found living across the continent as far back as at least 300,000 years ago,” said Henn. What did Henn and her team find? The research team analysed the genomes of 290 living people from four geographically and genetically diverse African groups. The systemic test was done in order to trace the similarities and differences between the populations over the past million years and gain insight into the genetic interconnections and human evolution across the continent. Henn and her colleagues also developed software to run large-scale simulations of human history. They also created multiple scenarios of different populations existing in Africa over different periods of time to observe which one could have produced the diversity of DNA found in people alive today. They studied the DNA from a range of African groups like Nama (Khoe-San) a group of hunter-gatherers from South Africa, the Mende who are farmers living in Sierra Leone, the Gumuz who are recent descendants of a hunter-gatherer group from Ethiopia; and the Amhara and Oromo (agriculturalists from eastern Africa). Notably, living Africans have a vast amount of genetic diversity compared with other people since humans had lived and evolved there for hundreds of thousands of years with a relatively small gene pool before they began expanding to other continents. “We used a new algorithm to rapidly test hundreds of possible scenarios,” said Simon Gravel, co-senior author of the paper and Associate Professor in the Department of Human Genetics at McGill University. He added that the algorithm was initially written to understand the risk of genetic disease and how it varies across populations, “and it led us to this deep dive into human origins.” The researchers also included some Eurasian genetic material to include traces of colonial incursions and mixing in Africa and also looked at the genome of a 50,000-year-old Neanderthal found in Croatia. According to Henn and her colleagues, the ancestors of our species existed in two distinct populations which, for the purposes of this research, were called Stem1 and Stem2. The study showed that some 600,000 years ago, a small group of humans with their origins from Stem1 went on to become the Neanderthals. On the other hand, Stem1 endured in Africa for hundreds of thousands of years after that, as did Stem2. The study also found that the two populations were not all that different. Therefore, the researchers concluded that people moved between Stem1 and Stem2 and paired off to have children and thus mixing their DNA. However, their model does not reveal if Stem1 and Stem2 people lived in Africa but speculated that the groups moved a lot over time. The researchers also found despite these mergers 120,000 years ago, when humans also supposedly experienced a dramatic shift in African history, as the model indicates, people with solely Stem1 or solely Stem2 ancestry appear to have survived. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

No, all humans didn't come from one place in Africa, claims new study

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