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Can a couple lose the right to become parents because Parliament changed the law years after they froze their embryos? The Allahabad High Court has answered that question with a clear no, saying reproductive rights cannot be taken away retrospectively. What are the key provisions of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 and why were they introduced? What did the Allahabad HC say in its new groundbreaking ruling? WION Decodes.<h2>Allahabad HC's ruling: What it says</h2>Imagine spending years undergoing IVF, finally creating embryos after repeated failed attempts, only to discover that a new law now says you're too old to use them. That was the question before the Allahabad High Court, and its answer could have implications far beyond one couple from Lucknow.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/if-india-wants-a-permanent-unsc-seat-why-is-it-still-contesting-for-a-temporary-one-wion-decodes-1784104714747">If India wants a permanent UNSC seat, why is it still contesting for a temporary one? WION Decodes</a>In a significant ruling, the court held that the age limits under the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 cannot be applied retrospectively to couples who had already created and frozen embryos before the law came into force. The judges said doing so would violate the constitutional right to reproductive autonomy, which forms part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21.<h2>Why did the court make an exception?</h2>The case involved a couple who had been married for more than 17 years and had undergone multiple rounds of IVF without success. In 2015, they created and cryopreserved three embryos with the intention of pursuing surrogacy if conventional IVF failed. At the time, there was no statutory upper age limit preventing them from doing so.But by the time they were ready to proceed, the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 had come into force. The law allows surrogacy only if the intending woman is between 23 and 50 years of age and the intending man is between 26 and 55. The wife had crossed the age threshold, leaving the couple unable to move forward.The High Court held that the law could not be used to extinguish a right that had already accrued years before Parliament enacted the legislation.<h2>When does the surrogacy process actually begin?</h2>A key question before the court was whether surrogacy begins when a surrogate is identified or much earlier.Relying on recent Supreme Court judgments, the Allahabad High Court said the process effectively begins when eggs and sperm are fertilised and embryos are frozen with the intention of using them for surrogacy.In other words, the legal clock starts ticking when the embryos are created, not when they are implanted.That distinction proved crucial in this case. Since the embryos had been frozen in 2015, the couple's right to pursue parenthood had already crystallised under the legal framework that existed at the time. The later age restrictions could not be imposed retrospectively.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/wion-decodes-why-is-the-us-threatening-india-with-fresh-12-5-tariff-under-section-301-which-industries-stand-to-lose-the-most-1783489179101">WION Decodes: Why is the US threatening India with fresh 12.5% tariff under Section 301? Which industries stand to lose the most?</a><h2>What does India's Surrogacy Act say?</h2>The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 was introduced to regulate assisted reproduction and curb commercial surrogacy.Among its key provisions are:<ol><li>Only altruistic surrogacy is permitted.</li><li>Commercial surrogacy is prohibited.</li><li>Women must be between 23 and 50 years of age, while men must be between 26 and 55.</li><li>Intending couples must obtain eligibility certificates and medical approvals.</li><li>Registered clinics and strict oversight are mandatory.</li><li>The law also prohibits sex selection and seeks to protect surrogate mothers and children born through surrogacy.</li></ol>The High Court did not strike down these provisions. Instead, it ruled that they cannot be applied to embryos frozen before the law came into effect.<h2>Could this help other IVF couples?</h2>Potentially, yes. The ruling is based on Supreme Court precedents and reinforces the principle that reproductive rights cannot be taken away simply because a law changes after a medical procedure has already begun. That means other couples who froze embryos before January 25, 2022 and later crossed the statutory age limit may also have stronger grounds to seek permission for surrogacy.However, the judgment does not create a blanket exemption. Such couples must still satisfy the other requirements of the Surrogacy Act, including medical eligibility and statutory approvals.<h2>Why this judgment matters</h2>The ruling goes beyond one couple's struggle. As more Indians turn to IVF and embryo freezing, courts are increasingly being asked to decide what happens when science moves faster than the law.The Allahabad High Court's judgment suggests that once embryos are legally created and preserved, the right to use them cannot simply disappear because Parliament later changes the rules.

The Allahabad High Court has ruled that the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 cannot be applied retrospectively to couples who froze embryos before the law came into force, holding that reproductive rights under Article 21 cannot be taken away by subsequent legislation.

Can a couple lose the right to become parents because Parliament changed the law years after they froze their embryos? The Allahabad High Court has answered that question with a clear no, saying reproductive rights cannot be taken away retrospectively. What are the key provisions of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 and why were they introduced? What did the Allahabad HC say in its new groundbreaking ruling? WION Decodes. Allahabad HC's ruling: What it says Imagine spending years undergoing IVF, finally creating embryos after repeated failed attempts, only to discover that a new law now says you're too old to use them. That was the question before the Allahabad High Court, and its answer could have implications far beyond one couple from Lucknow. Also read | If India wants a permanent UNSC seat, why is it still contesting for a temporary one? WION Decodes In a significant ruling, the court held that the age limits under the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 cannot be applied retrospectively to couples who had already created and frozen embryos before the law came into force. The judges said doing so would violate the constitutional right to reproductive autonomy, which forms part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21. Why did the court make an exception? The case involved a couple who had been married for more than 17 years and had undergone multiple rounds of IVF without success. In 2015, they created and cryopreserved three embryos with the intention of pursuing surrogacy if conventional IVF failed. At the time, there was no statutory upper age limit preventing them from doing so. But by the time they were ready to proceed, the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 had come into force. The law allows surrogacy only if the intending woman is between 23 and 50 years of age and the intending man is between 26 and 55. The wife had crossed the age threshold, leaving the couple unable to move forward. The High Court held that the law could not be used to extinguish a right that had already accrued years before Parliament enacted the legislation. When does the surrogacy process actually begin? A key question before the court was whether surrogacy begins when a surrogate is identified or much earlier. Relying on recent Supreme Court judgments, the Allahabad High Court said the process effectively begins when eggs and sperm are fertilised and embryos are frozen with the intention of using them for surrogacy. In other words, the legal clock starts ticking when the embryos are created, not when they are implanted. That distinction proved crucial in this case. Since the embryos had been frozen in 2015, the couple's right to pursue parenthood had already crystallised under the legal framework that existed at the time. The later age restrictions could not be imposed retrospectively. Also read | WION Decodes: Why is the US threatening India with fresh 12.5% tariff under Section 301? Which industries stand to lose the most? What does India's Surrogacy Act say? The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 was introduced to regulate assisted reproduction and curb commercial surrogacy. Among its key provisions are: Only altruistic surrogacy is permitted. Commercial surrogacy is prohibited. Women must be between 23 and 50 years of age, while men must be between 26 and 55. Intending couples must obtain eligibility certificates and medical approvals. Registered clinics and strict oversight are mandatory. The law also prohibits sex selection and seeks to protect surrogate mothers and children born through surrogacy. The High Court did not strike down these provisions. Instead, it ruled that they cannot be applied to embryos frozen before the law came into effect. Could this help other IVF couples? Potentially, yes. The ruling is based on Supreme Court precedents and reinforces the principle that reproductive rights cannot be taken away simply because a law changes after a medical procedure has already begun. That means other couples who froze embryos before January 25, 2022 and later crossed the statutory age limit may also have stronger grounds to seek permission for surrogacy. However, the judgment does not create a blanket exemption. Such couples must still satisfy the other requirements of the Surrogacy Act, including medical eligibility and statutory approvals. Why this judgment matters The ruling goes beyond one couple's struggle. As more Indians turn to IVF and embryo freezing, courts are increasingly being asked to decide what happens when science moves faster than the law. The Allahabad High Court's judgment suggests that once embryos are legally created and preserved, the right to use them cannot simply disappear because Parliament later changes the rules.

The Allahabad High Court has ruled that the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 cannot be applied retrospectively to couples who froze embryos before the law came into force, holding that reproductive rights under Article 21 cannot be taken away by subsequent legislation.

WION Decodes: Does freezing an embryo give you a legal right to become a parent later? Allahabad HC says...

India's first privately designed and built spacefaring rocket 'Vikram-1' is scheduled to launch at 11:30am IST, 18th July, Saturday. Since the start of this month, the Hyderabad-based firm Skyroot Aerospace's seven-storeys-tall 'Vikram 1' rocket has been fully integrated and stacked at the lone Indian spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre(SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This will be the first time that a private spacefaring rocket is lifting off from the first launchpad of the Government-run Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). So far, only rockets designed and developed by ISRO have been launched from the first and second launchpads at SDSC, Sriharikota.Concerned authorities have issued the necessary airspace and maritime notices, formally designating the restricted zones along Vikram-1's ascent and impact corridor for launch day, Skyroot said about the launch readiness. “We have done everything that could be done to test Vikram-1 on ground. On 18th July, we are eager to see how Vikram-1 performs in a real flight environment for the first time. This is our first test flight, and we will be getting valuable data from it. This will be foundational to Skyroot's aspirations of establishing launch cadence. We are excited to see this through," said Pawan Kumar Chandana, Co-founder &amp; CEO, Skyroot Aerospace.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/rs-5-lakh-for-neet-questions-cbi-uncovers-conspiracy-behind-paper-leak-1784186292410">Rs 5 lakh for NEET questions: CBI uncovers conspiracy behind paper leak</a> Vikram-1 will carry technology demonstration payloads from Grahaa Space, Cosmoserve, DCubed and Skyroot's own SCOPE, along with Cosmos Diamonds' artwork "Cosmic Bloom" and a micro-art piece. Dubbed 'Mission Aagaman', meaning “the arrival”, the launch mission of Vikram-1 marks Skyroot’s second mission following the successful suborbital flight of Vikram-S, a rocket that was meant to fly to the edge of space and not deploy satellites. The November 2022 launch of Vikram-S was the first attempt of that sort by an Indian private firm. "What we are aiming to do on 18 July is bigger than a single launch. It represents the hopes and hard work of around 1,000 people, the contributions of over 400 suppliers, and nearly 3,000 days of resolve to build a global offering from India. This test flight will show us how every technology we have developed over the years performs in real-world conditions. With the in-flight data gathered from this mission, we will return to the shop floor to learn, improve, and build further. This test flight is the first step towards creating a reliable, on-demand launch company for the world from India." — Naga Bharath Daka, Co-founder &amp; COO, Skyroot Aerospace<h2>About the Vikram-1 rocket</h2>Vikram-1 is a seven-storey-tall, multi-stage orbital launch vehicle built with an all-carbon composite structure and powered by in-house developed propulsion systems, including 3D-printed engines and high-thrust solid-fuel rocket boosters. Designed to carry small satellites weighing up to 350 kg to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Vikram-1's maiden mission will target an orbit at an altitude of 450 km with a 60-degree orbital inclination.Orbital inclination is the tilt of a satellite's path with respect to the Earth's equator. For context, a satellite that circles along the Earth's equator will have a 0-degree inclination; a satellite that circles from pole to pole will have a 90-degree inclination. Therefore, a 60-degree inclination in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) means the satellite circles the planet tilted at a 60-degree angle to the equator. It traces a path that flies over populated regions between 60° North and 60° South latitude. It leaves the extreme polar regions unobserved but covers nearly all inhabited areas.Vikram-1's first launch mission will help Skyroot gather critical data across propulsion, stage separation, guidance, navigation, control and overall vehicle performance, supporting the evolution of Skyroot into a commercially operational launch company. Typically, spacefaring rocket makers regard the first three launches of a rocket as developmental or demonstration flights. It is based on the outcomes of the first three missions and their learnings that the firm would declare the rocket operational. Skyroot says that it will commence full commercial launches after one or two successful demonstration launches to orbit.Watch | ISRO genius preparing India's future minds | Vijay govt's big move<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed</a>&nbsp;

Vikram-1, will carry technology demonstration payloads from Grahaa Space, Cosmoserve, DCubed and Skyroot's own SCOPE, along with Cosmos Diamonds' artwork "Cosmic Bloom" and a micro-art piece.

India's first privately designed and built spacefaring rocket 'Vikram-1' is scheduled to launch at 11:30am IST, 18th July, Saturday. Since the start of this month, the Hyderabad-based firm Skyroot Aerospace's seven-storeys-tall 'Vikram 1' rocket has been fully integrated and stacked at the lone Indian spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre(SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This will be the first time that a private spacefaring rocket is lifting off from the first launchpad of the Government-run Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). So far, only rockets designed and developed by ISRO have been launched from the first and second launchpads at SDSC, Sriharikota. Concerned authorities have issued the necessary airspace and maritime notices, formally designating the restricted zones along Vikram-1's ascent and impact corridor for launch day, Skyroot said about the launch readiness. “We have done everything that could be done to test Vikram-1 on ground. On 18th July, we are eager to see how Vikram-1 performs in a real flight environment for the first time. This is our first test flight, and we will be getting valuable data from it. This will be foundational to Skyroot's aspirations of establishing launch cadence. We are excited to see this through," said Pawan Kumar Chandana, Co-founder & CEO, Skyroot Aerospace. Also read | Rs 5 lakh for NEET questions: CBI uncovers conspiracy behind paper leak Vikram-1 will carry technology demonstration payloads from Grahaa Space, Cosmoserve, DCubed and Skyroot's own SCOPE, along with Cosmos Diamonds' artwork "Cosmic Bloom" and a micro-art piece. Dubbed 'Mission Aagaman', meaning “the arrival”, the launch mission of Vikram-1 marks Skyroot’s second mission following the successful suborbital flight of Vikram-S, a rocket that was meant to fly to the edge of space and not deploy satellites. The November 2022 launch of Vikram-S was the first attempt of that sort by an Indian private firm. "What we are aiming to do on 18 July is bigger than a single launch. It represents the hopes and hard work of around 1,000 people, the contributions of over 400 suppliers, and nearly 3,000 days of resolve to build a global offering from India. This test flight will show us how every technology we have developed over the years performs in real-world conditions. With the in-flight data gathered from this mission, we will return to the shop floor to learn, improve, and build further. This test flight is the first step towards creating a reliable, on-demand launch company for the world from India." — Naga Bharath Daka, Co-founder & COO, Skyroot Aerospace About the Vikram-1 rocket Vikram-1 is a seven-storey-tall, multi-stage orbital launch vehicle built with an all-carbon composite structure and powered by in-house developed propulsion systems, including 3D-printed engines and high-thrust solid-fuel rocket boosters. Designed to carry small satellites weighing up to 350 kg to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Vikram-1's maiden mission will target an orbit at an altitude of 450 km with a 60-degree orbital inclination. Orbital inclination is the tilt of a satellite's path with respect to the Earth's equator. For context, a satellite that circles along the Earth's equator will have a 0-degree inclination; a satellite that circles from pole to pole will have a 90-degree inclination. Therefore, a 60-degree inclination in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) means the satellite circles the planet tilted at a 60-degree angle to the equator. It traces a path that flies over populated regions between 60° North and 60° South latitude. It leaves the extreme polar regions unobserved but covers nearly all inhabited areas. Vikram-1's first launch mission will help Skyroot gather critical data across propulsion, stage separation, guidance, navigation, control and overall vehicle performance, supporting the evolution of Skyroot into a commercially operational launch company. Typically, spacefaring rocket makers regard the first three launches of a rocket as developmental or demonstration flights. It is based on the outcomes of the first three missions and their learnings that the firm would declare the rocket operational. Skyroot says that it will commence full commercial launches after one or two successful demonstration launches to orbit. Watch | ISRO genius preparing India's future minds | Vijay govt's big move https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed

Vikram-1, will carry technology demonstration payloads from Grahaa Space, Cosmoserve, DCubed and Skyroot's own SCOPE, along with Cosmos Diamonds' artwork "Cosmic Bloom" and a micro-art piece.

Vikram-1: India's first privately designed & built spacefaring rocket to liftoff on July 18

A monkey species that was first seen in 2008 has finally been confirmed 18 years later. The primate with orangish-pink lips and black fur lives in the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Researchers photographed it in the dense tropical forests of Lomami National Park. It is only the fifth African monkey species to be discovered in the last 75 years. The findings have been published in PLOS One, and it has been named Colobus congoensis, locally known as Likweli.&nbsp;Conservationists took a blurry photo of the monkey in 2008 during an expedition. It was new and different, but they did not see it again. The unidentified primate was again seen 10 years later. So scientists decided to officially look for it. Their work bore fruit as over the next four years, they saw the creature 114 times between the Lomami and Lilo rivers. The team described the monkey as "quiet, shy and with a watchful nature."&nbsp;Kate Detwiler and Junior Amboko, from Florida Atlantic University, said that instead of fleeing, these monkeys climbed higher into the canopy and watched them. "It often feels as though we’re studying each other," they said. Several people in the region already knew about the monkeys. The researchers interviewed people in 52 villages in the nearby areas, and only people in eight villages said they had seen them.&nbsp;"These are really important African monkeys that don't have thumbs," Detwiler said. The monkeys have bright facial markings, which the team thinks could be a way to attract partners to mate, and could also be used for identification purposes.&nbsp;Another unique feature is their loud roar. "You often hear them, but don't see them," said Amboko. The roar can be heard over long distances. The sounds they make are acoustically distinct from those of other colobus monkeys. This was another reason the team was sure they had encountered a unique species.&nbsp;They also said that they are hunted for meat, and are hoping that the Colobus congoensis classification would lead them to be termed a distinct species so they can be officially protected.

Democratic Republic of Congo has revealed a new monkey species with orange and pink lips and bright facial hair. The animals also make a distinct roar. It has been named Colobus congoensis, and is apparently shy and watchful.

A monkey species that was first seen in 2008 has finally been confirmed 18 years later. The primate with orangish-pink lips and black fur lives in the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Researchers photographed it in the dense tropical forests of Lomami National Park. It is only the fifth African monkey species to be discovered in the last 75 years. The findings have been published in PLOS One, and it has been named Colobus congoensis, locally known as Likweli. Conservationists took a blurry photo of the monkey in 2008 during an expedition. It was new and different, but they did not see it again. The unidentified primate was again seen 10 years later. So scientists decided to officially look for it. Their work bore fruit as over the next four years, they saw the creature 114 times between the Lomami and Lilo rivers. The team described the monkey as "quiet, shy and with a watchful nature." Kate Detwiler and Junior Amboko, from Florida Atlantic University, said that instead of fleeing, these monkeys climbed higher into the canopy and watched them. "It often feels as though we’re studying each other," they said. Several people in the region already knew about the monkeys. The researchers interviewed people in 52 villages in the nearby areas, and only people in eight villages said they had seen them. "These are really important African monkeys that don't have thumbs," Detwiler said. The monkeys have bright facial markings, which the team thinks could be a way to attract partners to mate, and could also be used for identification purposes. Another unique feature is their loud roar. "You often hear them, but don't see them," said Amboko. The roar can be heard over long distances. The sounds they make are acoustically distinct from those of other colobus monkeys. This was another reason the team was sure they had encountered a unique species. They also said that they are hunted for meat, and are hoping that the Colobus congoensis classification would lead them to be termed a distinct species so they can be officially protected.

Democratic Republic of Congo has revealed a new monkey species with orange and pink lips and bright facial hair. The animals also make a distinct roar. It has been named Colobus congoensis, and is apparently shy and watchful.

'Shy and watchful' monkey with no thumb and orange lips discovered in Africa

The forensic laboratory analysis of a two-pound meteorite that crashed through the roof of a New Jersey home has revealed an unprecedented glimpse into the chemistry of an alien world. The extraordinary cosmic rock, now known as the Hillsborough meteorite, fell to Earth in 2024. Screaming through the atmosphere at 32,000 miles per hour (14.4 km/s) it triggered a massive sonic boom over New York before tearing through the ceiling of a Hillsborough home's master bedroom.&nbsp;Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/neil-armstrong-and-buzz-aldrin-almost-died-on-the-moon-the-plastic-pen-that-saved-them-just-sold-for-857-600-1784175823499">Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin almost died on the Moon. The plastic pen that saved them just sold for $857,600</a><h2>Clues to the origins of life</h2>The forensic breakdown of the Hillsborough meteorite has revealed a highly altered environment rich in liquid water and complex organic matter, offering critical insights into how life may have been sparked on early Earth.Researchers studying the two pound meteorite say it contains signs of an unusual salty water environment that has never before been identified in this class of asteroid. The findings, they say, could reshape scientists' understanding of how the building blocks of life formed billions of years ago."I was at home at the time, heard a loud crash and found a hole in the ceiling of the master bedroom," the homeowner recalled. "I smelled a strong sulphur-like odor and saw many black fragments... covering my bed."<h2>Tracing the rock back to the asteroid belt</h2>Scientists traced the object to the lower asteroid belt, where they believe it originated from a primitive asteroid that experienced an unexpected episode of concentrated salty water activity."A forensic study of the fragments revealed that they contained preserved bits from near the surface of a primitive asteroid where it experienced concentrated salty fluids, a process not previously known from this type of protoplanet world," said lead author Peter Jenniskens of the SETI Institute and NASA's Ames Research Center.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/built-to-outlive-us-all-earth-is-getting-an-indestructible-black-box-to-record-the-end-of-human-civilisation-1783747790087">Built to outlive us all: Earth is getting an indestructible ‘black box’ to record the end of human civilisation</a><h2>Meteorite packed with life's building blocks</h2>Laboratory analysis revealed that the meteorite contains a rich mixture of carbon, nitrogen, amino acids and dozens of soluble organic compounds. Researchers found evidence that many of these molecules formed through interactions between minerals and highly concentrated briny water, an environment capable of driving complex chemical reactions.The meteorite contained about 1.8 per cent carbon and 0.07 per cent nitrogen, with isotope signatures matching those seen in primitive CM type carbonaceous chondrites, some of the oldest material in the Solar System.Scientists also identified magnesium based organic compounds whose origin remains uncertain. They may have formed through the asteroid's salty water chemistry or during ancient impact events.<h2>Could asteroids have helped spark life on Earth?</h2>The discovery adds weight to the idea that primitive asteroids delivered key ingredients needed for life to emerge on the young Earth.NASA astrobiologist Danny Glavin and colleagues concluded that amino acids, carboxylic acids and other organic molecules carried by meteorites like Hillsborough may have contributed to the chemical inventory that existed before life began.Because the fragments were recovered within hours of impact and carefully preserved, researchers say they remain among the cleanest meteorite samples ever analysed. Several pieces will now be housed at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, where they will continue to be studied for clues about the origins of the Solar System and, perhaps, life itself. &nbsp;

Scientists have discovered previously unknown salty water chemistry and complex organic molecules inside the Hillsborough meteorite that crashed through a New Jersey home's roof, offering new clues about the origins of life on Earth.

The forensic laboratory analysis of a two-pound meteorite that crashed through the roof of a New Jersey home has revealed an unprecedented glimpse into the chemistry of an alien world. The extraordinary cosmic rock, now known as the Hillsborough meteorite, fell to Earth in 2024. Screaming through the atmosphere at 32,000 miles per hour (14.4 km/s) it triggered a massive sonic boom over New York before tearing through the ceiling of a Hillsborough home's master bedroom. Also read | Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin almost died on the Moon. The plastic pen that saved them just sold for $857,600 Clues to the origins of life The forensic breakdown of the Hillsborough meteorite has revealed a highly altered environment rich in liquid water and complex organic matter, offering critical insights into how life may have been sparked on early Earth. Researchers studying the two pound meteorite say it contains signs of an unusual salty water environment that has never before been identified in this class of asteroid. The findings, they say, could reshape scientists' understanding of how the building blocks of life formed billions of years ago. "I was at home at the time, heard a loud crash and found a hole in the ceiling of the master bedroom," the homeowner recalled. "I smelled a strong sulphur-like odor and saw many black fragments... covering my bed." Tracing the rock back to the asteroid belt Scientists traced the object to the lower asteroid belt, where they believe it originated from a primitive asteroid that experienced an unexpected episode of concentrated salty water activity. "A forensic study of the fragments revealed that they contained preserved bits from near the surface of a primitive asteroid where it experienced concentrated salty fluids, a process not previously known from this type of protoplanet world," said lead author Peter Jenniskens of the SETI Institute and NASA's Ames Research Center. Also read | Built to outlive us all: Earth is getting an indestructible ‘black box’ to record the end of human civilisation Meteorite packed with life's building blocks Laboratory analysis revealed that the meteorite contains a rich mixture of carbon, nitrogen, amino acids and dozens of soluble organic compounds. Researchers found evidence that many of these molecules formed through interactions between minerals and highly concentrated briny water, an environment capable of driving complex chemical reactions. The meteorite contained about 1.8 per cent carbon and 0.07 per cent nitrogen, with isotope signatures matching those seen in primitive CM type carbonaceous chondrites, some of the oldest material in the Solar System. Scientists also identified magnesium based organic compounds whose origin remains uncertain. They may have formed through the asteroid's salty water chemistry or during ancient impact events. Could asteroids have helped spark life on Earth? The discovery adds weight to the idea that primitive asteroids delivered key ingredients needed for life to emerge on the young Earth. NASA astrobiologist Danny Glavin and colleagues concluded that amino acids, carboxylic acids and other organic molecules carried by meteorites like Hillsborough may have contributed to the chemical inventory that existed before life began. Because the fragments were recovered within hours of impact and carefully preserved, researchers say they remain among the cleanest meteorite samples ever analysed. Several pieces will now be housed at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, where they will continue to be studied for clues about the origins of the Solar System and, perhaps, life itself.

Scientists have discovered previously unknown salty water chemistry and complex organic molecules inside the Hillsborough meteorite that crashed through a New Jersey home's roof, offering new clues about the origins of life on Earth.

'Alien chemistry' discovered in meteorite that crashed into a New Jersey bedroom

In July 1969, as NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin famously took the "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," they almost got stuck on the lunar surface. What saved the Apollo landing from ending in a tragedy was a simple plastic pen, which has now been sold at an auction for over $850,000 (£630,000).<h2>How did the pen save astronauts from certain death in space?</h2>The dented silver plastic Duro Rocket pen was used by Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon, to save Neil Armstrong and himself from being "struck on the moon for ever".Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/is-a-prison-for-fallen-angels-hidden-beneath-antarctica-why-the-book-of-enoch-theory-is-going-viral-1784085520567">Is a prison for fallen angels hidden beneath Antarctica? Why the Book of Enoch theory is going viral</a>Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the surface of the moon back in July 1969 as part of the historic Apollo 11 mission. After the historic landing, the two astronauts were preparing to catch up on some ZZ's when they noticed that small black switch on the floor of the cabin, which turned out to be a vital piece of the circuit breaker that sends electrical power to the ascent engine.In his 2009 autobiography 'Magnificent Desolation', Buzz Aldrin detailed the nerve-wrecking moment, “My heart jolted a bit … The broken switch had snapped off from the engine-arm circuit breaker, the one vital breaker needed to send electrical power to the ascent engine that would lift Neil and me off the moon.”

The Broken Circuit Breaker Switch that Nearly Ended Apollo 11, and the Pen that Saved the Crew and the Mission

Eventually, the astronaut came up with the ingenious plan of inserting the pen into the circuit thereby rerouting the power. The pen which was part of Aldrin's personal preference kit "did the trick;the circuit breaker held. We could return to Earth after all!," said Aldrin.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/built-to-outlive-us-all-earth-is-getting-an-indestructible-black-box-to-record-the-end-of-human-civilisation-1783747790087">Built to outlive us all: Earth is getting an indestructible ‘black box’ to record the end of human civilisation</a><h2>Auction and more</h2>The felt tip pen was sold along with a letter of provenance in which Aldrin jokes: "I think Neil broke the switch off and Neil thinks that I broke the switch off.""In the end, what mattered most was that we had to figure out how to solve the problem of the broken switch so that we could leave the lunar surface and get home to Earth."Sotheby estimated the auction price for the pen to be between $800,000 and $1.2m. After being pursued by five bidders, the pen was eventually sold for $857,600.

A plastic pen that Buzz Aldrin used to restore power to Apollo 11's lunar module after a critical circuit breaker broke, preventing the astronauts from being stranded on the Moon, has sold at auction for $857,600.

In July 1969, as NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin famously took the "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," they almost got stuck on the lunar surface. What saved the Apollo landing from ending in a tragedy was a simple plastic pen, which has now been sold at an auction for over $850,000 (£630,000). How did the pen save astronauts from certain death in space? The dented silver plastic Duro Rocket pen was used by Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon, to save Neil Armstrong and himself from being "struck on the moon for ever". Also read | Is a prison for fallen angels hidden beneath Antarctica? Why the Book of Enoch theory is going viral Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the surface of the moon back in July 1969 as part of the historic Apollo 11 mission. After the historic landing, the two astronauts were preparing to catch up on some ZZ's when they noticed that small black switch on the floor of the cabin, which turned out to be a vital piece of the circuit breaker that sends electrical power to the ascent engine. In his 2009 autobiography 'Magnificent Desolation', Buzz Aldrin detailed the nerve-wrecking moment, “My heart jolted a bit … The broken switch had snapped off from the engine-arm circuit breaker, the one vital breaker needed to send electrical power to the ascent engine that would lift Neil and me off the moon.”

A plastic pen that Buzz Aldrin used to restore power to Apollo 11's lunar module after a critical circuit breaker broke, preventing the astronauts from being stranded on the Moon, has sold at auction for $857,600.

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin almost died on the Moon. The plastic pen that saved them just sold for $857,600

A centuries old religious text, left out of the Bible used by most Christians, has found a fresh audience online after social media users began claiming it describes a prison for fallen angels buried beneath Antarctica.The book at the centre of the theory is the Book of Enoch, an ancient work traditionally linked to Enoch, the great grandfather of Noah. It describes fallen angels, giants and the origins of demons, but never made it into the biblical canon followed by most Christian traditions.Now, parts of the text are being pulled into a modern conspiracy theory. Supporters say its references to sealed chambers, frozen storehouses, imprisoned heavenly beings and the “end of heaven and earth” are not symbolic at all, but a coded description of East Antarctica.<h2>Why are people linking the Book of Enoch to Antarctica?</h2>The theory leans heavily on passages that describe the Watchers, 200 angels who are said to have abandoned their duties, taken human wives and fathered the Nephilim, giant beings blamed in the text for violence and corruption. God is then said to have ordered the Watchers chained and locked away in a fiery abyss until judgment day.That is where the Antarctica theory begins. Online believers argue that the text’s references to the “ends of the earth” point to the southernmost edge of the planet. They also point to the continent’s vast ice sheet, subglacial lakes such as Lake Vostok and the buried Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, which lie hidden under miles of ice.<h2>Mysterious radio signals from Antarctica lend weight to theory</h2>Another reason the theory has spread online is its attempt to connect the Book of Enoch with unexplained signals detected by NASA's Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment.ANITA recorded unusual radio events in 2006 and 2014 that appeared to originate from beneath the Antarctic ice. While the signals remain the subject of scientific investigation, researchers have proposed explanations ranging from unusual cosmic ray interactions to unknown physical processes.<h2>What do biblical scholars say?</h2>Most biblical scholars reject the Antarctica interpretation.They argue that the Book of Enoch uses symbolic language to describe a supernatural realm rather than a physical place on Earth. References to the "ends of the earth", fiery prisons and cosmic mountains are widely understood as apocalyptic imagery common in ancient Jewish literature, not geographical directions.Likewise, the book never mentions Antarctica by name, nor does it provide any identifiable location that can be matched to the continent.

An ancient book excluded from most versions of the Bible is at the centre of a viral conspiracy claiming Antarctica hides a prison for fallen angels. Supporters point to mysterious passages, buried mountains and even unexplained radio signals, but what does the Book of Enoch actually say?

A centuries old religious text, left out of the Bible used by most Christians, has found a fresh audience online after social media users began claiming it describes a prison for fallen angels buried beneath Antarctica. The book at the centre of the theory is the Book of Enoch, an ancient work traditionally linked to Enoch, the great grandfather of Noah. It describes fallen angels, giants and the origins of demons, but never made it into the biblical canon followed by most Christian traditions. Now, parts of the text are being pulled into a modern conspiracy theory. Supporters say its references to sealed chambers, frozen storehouses, imprisoned heavenly beings and the “end of heaven and earth” are not symbolic at all, but a coded description of East Antarctica. Why are people linking the Book of Enoch to Antarctica? The theory leans heavily on passages that describe the Watchers, 200 angels who are said to have abandoned their duties, taken human wives and fathered the Nephilim, giant beings blamed in the text for violence and corruption. God is then said to have ordered the Watchers chained and locked away in a fiery abyss until judgment day. That is where the Antarctica theory begins. Online believers argue that the text’s references to the “ends of the earth” point to the southernmost edge of the planet. They also point to the continent’s vast ice sheet, subglacial lakes such as Lake Vostok and the buried Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, which lie hidden under miles of ice. Mysterious radio signals from Antarctica lend weight to theory Another reason the theory has spread online is its attempt to connect the Book of Enoch with unexplained signals detected by NASA's Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment. ANITA recorded unusual radio events in 2006 and 2014 that appeared to originate from beneath the Antarctic ice. While the signals remain the subject of scientific investigation, researchers have proposed explanations ranging from unusual cosmic ray interactions to unknown physical processes. What do biblical scholars say? Most biblical scholars reject the Antarctica interpretation. They argue that the Book of Enoch uses symbolic language to describe a supernatural realm rather than a physical place on Earth. References to the "ends of the earth", fiery prisons and cosmic mountains are widely understood as apocalyptic imagery common in ancient Jewish literature, not geographical directions. Likewise, the book never mentions Antarctica by name, nor does it provide any identifiable location that can be matched to the continent.

An ancient book excluded from most versions of the Bible is at the centre of a viral conspiracy claiming Antarctica hides a prison for fallen angels. Supporters point to mysterious passages, buried mountains and even unexplained radio signals, but what does the Book of Enoch actually say?

Is a prison for fallen angels hidden beneath Antarctica? Why the Book of Enoch theory is going viral

Scientists have detected sugar molecules at the centre of the Milky Way, suggesting that the clouds of interstellar gas could have carried a vital ingredient for life to bloom on Earth. Erythrulose – the first true sugar ever found in interstellar space - has been found at the galactic centre. Cosmochemist Izaskun Jiménez-Serra of the Spanish Astrobiology Center, led a team of researchers who believe that "interstellar erythrulose could have contributed to the sugar inventory available for early metabolic and replication processes" on our planet.&nbsp;This happened about four billion years ago when our solar system was still taking shape. Up to 50 million tonnes of sugar fell on Earth from deep space, providing the building blocks of life. Sugars are molecules cells need for energy and as raw materials to build larger biological molecules. They also form the backbone of RNA and DNA. The interstellar clouds could have similarly seeded other parts of the universe with life, the study suggests.<h2>Earth's violent period of formation brought sugar for life</h2>For nearly 300 million years, every planet in the solar system was bombarded with asteroids and meteorites. This is how we got our Moon. This is also when interstellar dust brought sugar to Earth. Simple sugar precursors such as glycolaldehyde and (Z)-1,2-ethenediol &nbsp;have been found in space before. However, scientists peered at the centre of the Milky Way to find true sugar, containing three or more carbon atoms. This region is filled with thick clouds of gas and dust that are rich with complex organic molecules.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/physicist-creates-mini-universe-in-lab-to-show-time-is-an-illusion-1783508424513">Physicist creates 'mini-universe' in lab and proves time is an illusion</a> &nbsp;Two radio telescopes in Spain watched the cloud named G+0.693, where prebiotic molecules have been found. The team was expecting to find simpler sugars containing three carbon atoms. However, they were surprised to come across four-carbon erythrulose, which was at least 8 to 17 times more abundant than the three-carbon sugars. The huge amount of sugar at the galactic centre meant that Earth also got a lot of it in its initial years.<h2>How much sugar fell on Earth?</h2>“Based on the abundance of erythrulose measured in the molecular cloud, the researchers estimate that between 0.5 and 50 million tonnes of this sugar could have reached Earth’s surface during the late heavy bombardment,” the team said.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/how-to-spot-a-nuclear-weapon-in-space-1783602276606">Scientist says nuclear weapons could be lurking in space undetected. An explosion could trigger chaos above Earth</a>&nbsp;They also used the data to understand how sugar forms in interstellar space. Analysis showed that it formed on the icy surfaces of tiny dust grains carrying two-carbon molecules – glycolaldehyde and ethylene glycol. When activated by radiation, they could combine to build erythrulose. The discovery shows that complex molecules “can form under interstellar conditions”.&nbsp;“The detection of erythrulose is very exciting because it opens up the possibility of discovering in space other sugars such as ribose, which is part of RNA, and other important molecules for the origin of life,” co-author Carlos Briones said. They concluded that as the sugars were knocked off the cosmic dust, they could have landed not only on ancient Earth but also somewhere else in the universe.

Sugar is a crucial building block of life, and Earth received nearly 50 million tonnes of it over four billion years ago. Interstellar dust is full of it, a study has found, and could have possibly sprinkled it on other parts of the universe as well.

Scientists have detected sugar molecules at the centre of the Milky Way, suggesting that the clouds of interstellar gas could have carried a vital ingredient for life to bloom on Earth. Erythrulose – the first true sugar ever found in interstellar space - has been found at the galactic centre. Cosmochemist Izaskun Jiménez-Serra of the Spanish Astrobiology Center, led a team of researchers who believe that "interstellar erythrulose could have contributed to the sugar inventory available for early metabolic and replication processes" on our planet. This happened about four billion years ago when our solar system was still taking shape. Up to 50 million tonnes of sugar fell on Earth from deep space, providing the building blocks of life. Sugars are molecules cells need for energy and as raw materials to build larger biological molecules. They also form the backbone of RNA and DNA. The interstellar clouds could have similarly seeded other parts of the universe with life, the study suggests. Earth's violent period of formation brought sugar for life For nearly 300 million years, every planet in the solar system was bombarded with asteroids and meteorites. This is how we got our Moon. This is also when interstellar dust brought sugar to Earth. Simple sugar precursors such as glycolaldehyde and (Z)-1,2-ethenediol have been found in space before. However, scientists peered at the centre of the Milky Way to find true sugar, containing three or more carbon atoms. This region is filled with thick clouds of gas and dust that are rich with complex organic molecules. Also Read: Physicist creates 'mini-universe' in lab and proves time is an illusion Two radio telescopes in Spain watched the cloud named G+0.693, where prebiotic molecules have been found. The team was expecting to find simpler sugars containing three carbon atoms. However, they were surprised to come across four-carbon erythrulose, which was at least 8 to 17 times more abundant than the three-carbon sugars. The huge amount of sugar at the galactic centre meant that Earth also got a lot of it in its initial years. How much sugar fell on Earth? “Based on the abundance of erythrulose measured in the molecular cloud, the researchers estimate that between 0.5 and 50 million tonnes of this sugar could have reached Earth’s surface during the late heavy bombardment,” the team said. Also Read: Scientist says nuclear weapons could be lurking in space undetected. An explosion could trigger chaos above Earth They also used the data to understand how sugar forms in interstellar space. Analysis showed that it formed on the icy surfaces of tiny dust grains carrying two-carbon molecules – glycolaldehyde and ethylene glycol. When activated by radiation, they could combine to build erythrulose. The discovery shows that complex molecules “can form under interstellar conditions”. “The detection of erythrulose is very exciting because it opens up the possibility of discovering in space other sugars such as ribose, which is part of RNA, and other important molecules for the origin of life,” co-author Carlos Briones said. They concluded that as the sugars were knocked off the cosmic dust, they could have landed not only on ancient Earth but also somewhere else in the universe.

Sugar is a crucial building block of life, and Earth received nearly 50 million tonnes of it over four billion years ago. Interstellar dust is full of it, a study has found, and could have possibly sprinkled it on other parts of the universe as well.

50mn tonnes of sugar from deep space delivered a sweet start to life on Earth

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly brought about a broader transformation for companies in terms of hiring, evaluating and retaining talent globally. Alongside technical expertise and academic qualification, employers are increasingly prioritising candidates with AI skills who can adapt to changing technologies and solve business problems using human skills along with technical. Recruiters are no longer looking only for employees who can execute predefined tasks. Instead, organisations are seeking professionals who can combine AI tools with critical thinking, business understanding, communication and ethical judgement. A report published by the World Economic Forum in 2025 indicated that nearly 69 per cent of employers plan to hire talent with AI-related skills and nearly 62 per cent seek to recruit candidates capable of working effectively alongside AI. Similarly, LinkedIn's Work Change Report forecast that approximately 70 per cent of the skills used are set to change by 2030, with AI emerging as one of the biggest drivers of workforce transformation. The report also highlights that companies increasingly value employees who combine AI literacy with human capabilities such as creativity, communication and problem-solving. In response, Industry leaders indicate that these changes are already visible in hiring decisions across technology, manufacturing and executive recruitment in most of the biggest firms.&nbsp;Also read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-nuclear-fuel-company-counters-barc-s-safety-concerns-over-thorium-fuel-for-reactors-more-details-inside-1784003959432"> US nuclear fuel company counters BARC’s safety concerns over thorium fuel for reactors: More details inside</a><h3>Change in hiring priorities</h3>Venkat Raghavan M, Chief Operating Officer, LOWCODEMINDS, said hiring priorities have evolved significantly over the last two years as AI has become part of everyday business operations. Reacting to the question whether employers are looking for different skills than they were two years ago, he said, "Yes, hiring priorities have changed significantly over the past two years. Technical expertise and domain knowledge remain essential, but they are no longer the only qualities employers evaluate. As AI becomes embedded in everyday business operations, organisations are increasingly looking for professionals who can understand business context, learn continuously, and use AI to solve real business problems." &nbsp;"In the hiring conversations I've been part of, we have moved beyond asking whether someone can implement technology. We now spend more time assessing whether they can connect technology with business outcomes, collaborate across functions, question AI-generated recommendations when necessary, and adapt as the technology evolves," Raghavan added. Amid rising concern over the AI threat to jobs, Raghavan assured that AI raises the value of uniquely human capabilities, including judgment, communication, creativity, and ethical decision-making. He added that AI can boost analysis and execution; however, people remain accountable for making informed decisions and driving business outcomes. "For me, one question has become increasingly important during hiring: Can this person continue learning as technology evolves? In an AI-driven workplace, that mindset is often a stronger predictor of long-term success than any individual technical skill," he further said.&nbsp;WATCH: https://www.wionews.com/videos/china-turns-to-ai-for-next-drug-breakthroughs-1784005943869/embed<h3>AI is transforming jobs, not replacing people</h3>Similarly, over job threat, Sandeep Das, Global HR Leader, Green Power International Pvt. Ltd., believes AI is changing the nature of work rather than eliminating the need for employees. He indicated that the demand for skills has certainly evolved in the industry at the global level. "AI is undeniably reshaping the job market, bringing both disruption and change to the way we work. Traditional roles have always been mechanically intensive and process-driven. With the growth of automation and AI, the demand for skills has certainly evolved. As clean energy technologies continue to gain momentum, we now look for talent that goes beyond technical expertise. While we do give preference to candidates with relevant knowledge and experience, skill readiness is equally important, as it enables new hires to adapt quickly to modern and evolving technologies," Sandeep Das said. "That said, the advent of artificial intelligence does not mean replacing people; it means transforming the way they work. For our sector, it is crucial to build a workforce that combines digital proficiency with strong operational and engineering capabilities. To achieve this, we believe in continuous upskilling and lifelong learning to drive sustainable growth. The future workforce will not just operate equipment; it will manage intelligent, data-driven energy systems," he added.<h3>Leadership roles increasingly demand AI understanding</h3>Sahil Thakur, Director &amp; Head of Tech-Enabled Businesses, Grassik Search, said organisations are increasingly seeking leaders who understand both business strategy and AI implementation. Highlighting the threat, he indicated that those individual who will fail to understand the application &amp; impact of AI, within their respective job profile, are going to become more vulnerable in the coming days. "With the pace at which AI is being integrated into our professional lives, the skills required to understand &amp; adapt to new technologies have become critical. Today, it is critical to not only adopt AI tools but also master their application to maximise efficiency and optimise time management. Those who fail to understand the application &amp; impact of AI, within their domain, are going to be more vulnerable in the near future," Thakur said. "At a leadership level, organisations are prioritising executives who can navigate this volatile environment and leverage AI to eliminate inefficiencies. However, companies must carefully vet candidates to ensure they genuinely understand the technology. The goal is to hire leaders who can deploy AI strategically, rather than those who implement it blindly without clear objectives," he added.&nbsp;

A report published by the World Economic Forum in 2025 indicated that nearly 69 per cent of employers plan to hire talent with AI-related skills and nearly 62 per cent seek to recruit candidates capable of working effectively alongside AI.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly brought about a broader transformation for companies in terms of hiring, evaluating and retaining talent globally. Alongside technical expertise and academic qualification, employers are increasingly prioritising candidates with AI skills who can adapt to changing technologies and solve business problems using human skills along with technical. Recruiters are no longer looking only for employees who can execute predefined tasks. Instead, organisations are seeking professionals who can combine AI tools with critical thinking, business understanding, communication and ethical judgement. A report published by the World Economic Forum in 2025 indicated that nearly 69 per cent of employers plan to hire talent with AI-related skills and nearly 62 per cent seek to recruit candidates capable of working effectively alongside AI. Similarly, LinkedIn's Work Change Report forecast that approximately 70 per cent of the skills used are set to change by 2030, with AI emerging as one of the biggest drivers of workforce transformation. The report also highlights that companies increasingly value employees who combine AI literacy with human capabilities such as creativity, communication and problem-solving. In response, Industry leaders indicate that these changes are already visible in hiring decisions across technology, manufacturing and executive recruitment in most of the biggest firms. Also read: US nuclear fuel company counters BARC’s safety concerns over thorium fuel for reactors: More details inside Change in hiring priorities Venkat Raghavan M, Chief Operating Officer, LOWCODEMINDS, said hiring priorities have evolved significantly over the last two years as AI has become part of everyday business operations. Reacting to the question whether employers are looking for different skills than they were two years ago, he said, "Yes, hiring priorities have changed significantly over the past two years. Technical expertise and domain knowledge remain essential, but they are no longer the only qualities employers evaluate. As AI becomes embedded in everyday business operations, organisations are increasingly looking for professionals who can understand business context, learn continuously, and use AI to solve real business problems." "In the hiring conversations I've been part of, we have moved beyond asking whether someone can implement technology. We now spend more time assessing whether they can connect technology with business outcomes, collaborate across functions, question AI-generated recommendations when necessary, and adapt as the technology evolves," Raghavan added. Amid rising concern over the AI threat to jobs, Raghavan assured that AI raises the value of uniquely human capabilities, including judgment, communication, creativity, and ethical decision-making. He added that AI can boost analysis and execution; however, people remain accountable for making informed decisions and driving business outcomes. "For me, one question has become increasingly important during hiring: Can this person continue learning as technology evolves? In an AI-driven workplace, that mindset is often a stronger predictor of long-term success than any individual technical skill," he further said. WATCH: https://www.wionews.com/videos/china-turns-to-ai-for-next-drug-breakthroughs-1784005943869/embed AI is transforming jobs, not replacing people Similarly, over job threat, Sandeep Das, Global HR Leader, Green Power International Pvt. Ltd., believes AI is changing the nature of work rather than eliminating the need for employees. He indicated that the demand for skills has certainly evolved in the industry at the global level. "AI is undeniably reshaping the job market, bringing both disruption and change to the way we work. Traditional roles have always been mechanically intensive and process-driven. With the growth of automation and AI, the demand for skills has certainly evolved. As clean energy technologies continue to gain momentum, we now look for talent that goes beyond technical expertise. While we do give preference to candidates with relevant knowledge and experience, skill readiness is equally important, as it enables new hires to adapt quickly to modern and evolving technologies," Sandeep Das said. "That said, the advent of artificial intelligence does not mean replacing people; it means transforming the way they work. For our sector, it is crucial to build a workforce that combines digital proficiency with strong operational and engineering capabilities. To achieve this, we believe in continuous upskilling and lifelong learning to drive sustainable growth. The future workforce will not just operate equipment; it will manage intelligent, data-driven energy systems," he added. Leadership roles increasingly demand AI understanding Sahil Thakur, Director & Head of Tech-Enabled Businesses, Grassik Search, said organisations are increasingly seeking leaders who understand both business strategy and AI implementation. Highlighting the threat, he indicated that those individual who will fail to understand the application & impact of AI, within their respective job profile, are going to become more vulnerable in the coming days. "With the pace at which AI is being integrated into our professional lives, the skills required to understand & adapt to new technologies have become critical. Today, it is critical to not only adopt AI tools but also master their application to maximise efficiency and optimise time management. Those who fail to understand the application & impact of AI, within their domain, are going to be more vulnerable in the near future," Thakur said. "At a leadership level, organisations are prioritising executives who can navigate this volatile environment and leverage AI to eliminate inefficiencies. However, companies must carefully vet candidates to ensure they genuinely understand the technology. The goal is to hire leaders who can deploy AI strategically, rather than those who implement it blindly without clear objectives," he added.

A report published by the World Economic Forum in 2025 indicated that nearly 69 per cent of employers plan to hire talent with AI-related skills and nearly 62 per cent seek to recruit candidates capable of working effectively alongside AI.

AI is changing hiring priorities: Are employers looking for different skills than they did 2 years ago?

AI is increasingly becoming a defining force in the future technology including public healthcare, with countries at the global level competing to integrate it into national health systems of the respective nations. While the Unites States, China, Singapore and the United Kingdom have taken an early lead by investing in AI-enabled healthcare to make it more accessible, particularly for underserved populations, while bolstering digital health systems that improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Debjit Patra, Founder and Chairman of MediElaj, stated that the success of AI in public health should be measured by its ability to bridge healthcare inequalities rather than by technological sophistication alone. "The global race to deploy AI in public health isn't just a race for technology. It is a race for equity. The real winners aren't the nations with the most complex, isolated algorithms. They are the ones using AI to dismantle healthcare's oldest barrier, geography. As I have always believed, technology alone cannot drive the adoption of healthcare; trust and behaviour are the actual drivers. That is why the future belongs to nations embedding digital intelligence directly into grassroots, physical public health infrastructure. Look at India’s journey as a prime example. By treating digital connectivity as vital clinical infrastructure, the country is executing a massive behavioural shift. Through large-scale teleconsultation frameworks and digital health missions, AI-driven diagnostics and multi-modal data analytics are moving past the pilot phase," Patra said. He emphasised that the real way to determine success for healthcare AI must be effective care predictive, proactive, and precise for the patient at the very bottom of the socioeconomic ladder, rather than the sophistication of the technology. "Instead of waiting for episodic, reactive interventions, we are finally enabling continuous, proactive health monitoring for populations long left invisible by traditional systems. The true measure of success for healthcare AI shouldn't be the sophistication of the technology itself. It must be how effectively it makes care predictive, proactive, and precise for the patient at the very bottom of the socioeconomic ladder. Nations that design their AI strategies around a blend of digital intelligence and physical presence for the patient with the least access, not the most, are the ones setting the true global standard," Patra added.&nbsp;Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/can-ai-make-scientific-breakthroughs-faster-researchers-weigh-in-1783757929693">Can AI make scientific breakthroughs faster? Researchers weigh in</a><h3>AI's role in strong digital foundations</h3>Reacting to the same topic, Alok Katiyar, Co-Founder of WeClinic Homoeopathy, said countries leading AI adoption in healthcare have built strong digital foundations that allow the technology to be integrated into routine clinical practice. "The leading nations in deploying AI in public health today are the United States, China, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. What sets them apart is not only their investment in AI but also their ability to integrate it into healthcare systems through digitised patient records, connected digital infrastructure, and large patient datasets. India is one of the most interesting countries to watch in this global race. Initiatives such as the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, combined with the world's largest population, make it a compelling case study for the deployment of AI in public health," Alok Katiyar said. "For instance, homoeopathy has always relied on detailed case histories, long-term follow-ups, and understanding patterns across a patient's health journey. As clinics become increasingly digitised, AI can help analyse large volumes of patient data, identify trends, and support better clinical decision-making. The countries that will lead this race will be those that use AI to make healthcare more accessible, more informed, and more human," he added.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The experts said the real way to determine success for healthcare AI must be effective care predictive, proactive, and precise for the patient at the very bottom of the socioeconomic ladder, rather than the sophistication of the technology.

AI is increasingly becoming a defining force in the future technology including public healthcare, with countries at the global level competing to integrate it into national health systems of the respective nations. While the Unites States, China, Singapore and the United Kingdom have taken an early lead by investing in AI-enabled healthcare to make it more accessible, particularly for underserved populations, while bolstering digital health systems that improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Debjit Patra, Founder and Chairman of MediElaj, stated that the success of AI in public health should be measured by its ability to bridge healthcare inequalities rather than by technological sophistication alone. "The global race to deploy AI in public health isn't just a race for technology. It is a race for equity. The real winners aren't the nations with the most complex, isolated algorithms. They are the ones using AI to dismantle healthcare's oldest barrier, geography. As I have always believed, technology alone cannot drive the adoption of healthcare; trust and behaviour are the actual drivers. That is why the future belongs to nations embedding digital intelligence directly into grassroots, physical public health infrastructure. Look at India’s journey as a prime example. By treating digital connectivity as vital clinical infrastructure, the country is executing a massive behavioural shift. Through large-scale teleconsultation frameworks and digital health missions, AI-driven diagnostics and multi-modal data analytics are moving past the pilot phase," Patra said. He emphasised that the real way to determine success for healthcare AI must be effective care predictive, proactive, and precise for the patient at the very bottom of the socioeconomic ladder, rather than the sophistication of the technology. "Instead of waiting for episodic, reactive interventions, we are finally enabling continuous, proactive health monitoring for populations long left invisible by traditional systems. The true measure of success for healthcare AI shouldn't be the sophistication of the technology itself. It must be how effectively it makes care predictive, proactive, and precise for the patient at the very bottom of the socioeconomic ladder. Nations that design their AI strategies around a blend of digital intelligence and physical presence for the patient with the least access, not the most, are the ones setting the true global standard," Patra added. Also read: Can AI make scientific breakthroughs faster? Researchers weigh in AI's role in strong digital foundations Reacting to the same topic, Alok Katiyar, Co-Founder of WeClinic Homoeopathy, said countries leading AI adoption in healthcare have built strong digital foundations that allow the technology to be integrated into routine clinical practice. "The leading nations in deploying AI in public health today are the United States, China, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. What sets them apart is not only their investment in AI but also their ability to integrate it into healthcare systems through digitised patient records, connected digital infrastructure, and large patient datasets. India is one of the most interesting countries to watch in this global race. Initiatives such as the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, combined with the world's largest population, make it a compelling case study for the deployment of AI in public health," Alok Katiyar said. "For instance, homoeopathy has always relied on detailed case histories, long-term follow-ups, and understanding patterns across a patient's health journey. As clinics become increasingly digitised, AI can help analyse large volumes of patient data, identify trends, and support better clinical decision-making. The countries that will lead this race will be those that use AI to make healthcare more accessible, more informed, and more human," he added.

The experts said the real way to determine success for healthcare AI must be effective care predictive, proactive, and precise for the patient at the very bottom of the socioeconomic ladder, rather than the sophistication of the technology.

New healthcare divide: Which countries are winning race to deploy AI in public health? Experts weigh in

Life on Earth has an expiry date. The end of life on Earth is usually imagined as a dramatic asteroid strike or a catastrophic climate disaster. However, a new study suggests that the real ending is likely to be far slower and far quieter, and every living being, tree, flower and blade of grass on Earth will just die. The question is when. A new study may have an answer to that question.<h2>When will life on Earth end?</h2>Researchers now estimate that Earth’s plant life could survive for about 1.8 billion more years before the planet becomes too hostile for most vegetation to endure. The main reason is simple, and a little unsettling: the Sun is slowly getting brighter.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/did-nasa-chief-just-confirm-aliens-us-space-agency-s-director-jared-isaacman-reveals-we-have-images-1783665017249">Did NASA chief just confirm aliens? US Space agency's director Jared Isaacman REVEALS: 'We have images...'</a>The study suggests plant life may last almost until Earth begins to lose its oceans and becomes permanently uninhabitable. Long before that, humans and animals were expected to be gone. "Earth's vegetative biosphere could survive up to about 1.8 billion years from now, about the same time that Earth would lose its oceans to space," said researchers.As that heat rises, Earth will become steadily less forgiving. Temperatures will climb, oceans will shrink, and the atmosphere may eventually lose too much carbon dioxide for plants to make food through photosynthesis. In that future, even hardy vegetation would struggle to hang on.<h2>How did scientists calculate this?</h2>The study, from the University of Colorado Boulder and Blue Marble Space in Seattle, published in JGR Atmospheres, used a three-dimensional climate model to simulate what Earth might look like over the next two billion years. Unlike older estimates, this model took into account not just heat, but also clouds, rainfall, oceans and the movement of the atmosphere. That gave the researchers a more complete picture of how the planet may change.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/built-to-outlive-us-all-earth-is-getting-an-indestructible-black-box-to-record-the-end-of-human-civilisation-1783747790087">Built to outlive us all: Earth is getting an indestructible ‘black box’ to record the end of human civilisation</a>They tested two main scenarios. In one, carbon dioxide keeps falling as rocks absorb more of it over time. In the other, carbon dioxide stays roughly steady while the planet keeps warming. In both cases, the conclusion was broadly the same: plant life could survive far longer than many previous models had predicted.The last plants standing would likely be the tough, drought-friendly types, including cacti and others adapted to harsh conditions. Some plants with specialised forms of photosynthesis may also hold out longer than the rest.<h2>Is this "expiry date" final?</h2>No, the study did not factor in how plants might evolve over such vast stretches of time, or how future human technology could change the picture. That leaves room for surprises. The researchers even suggested that plants could one day adapt to hotter conditions, possibly spreading into higher parts of the atmosphere if the environment keeps changing. &nbsp;

Long after humans and larger animals have vanished due to the intense heat, the final flora standing will be incredibly resilient, drought-adapted species like cacti.

Life on Earth has an expiry date. The end of life on Earth is usually imagined as a dramatic asteroid strike or a catastrophic climate disaster. However, a new study suggests that the real ending is likely to be far slower and far quieter, and every living being, tree, flower and blade of grass on Earth will just die. The question is when. A new study may have an answer to that question. When will life on Earth end? Researchers now estimate that Earth’s plant life could survive for about 1.8 billion more years before the planet becomes too hostile for most vegetation to endure. The main reason is simple, and a little unsettling: the Sun is slowly getting brighter. Also read | Did NASA chief just confirm aliens? US Space agency's director Jared Isaacman REVEALS: 'We have images...' The study suggests plant life may last almost until Earth begins to lose its oceans and becomes permanently uninhabitable. Long before that, humans and animals were expected to be gone. "Earth's vegetative biosphere could survive up to about 1.8 billion years from now, about the same time that Earth would lose its oceans to space," said researchers. As that heat rises, Earth will become steadily less forgiving. Temperatures will climb, oceans will shrink, and the atmosphere may eventually lose too much carbon dioxide for plants to make food through photosynthesis. In that future, even hardy vegetation would struggle to hang on. How did scientists calculate this? The study, from the University of Colorado Boulder and Blue Marble Space in Seattle, published in JGR Atmospheres, used a three-dimensional climate model to simulate what Earth might look like over the next two billion years. Unlike older estimates, this model took into account not just heat, but also clouds, rainfall, oceans and the movement of the atmosphere. That gave the researchers a more complete picture of how the planet may change. Also read | Built to outlive us all: Earth is getting an indestructible ‘black box’ to record the end of human civilisation They tested two main scenarios. In one, carbon dioxide keeps falling as rocks absorb more of it over time. In the other, carbon dioxide stays roughly steady while the planet keeps warming. In both cases, the conclusion was broadly the same: plant life could survive far longer than many previous models had predicted. The last plants standing would likely be the tough, drought-friendly types, including cacti and others adapted to harsh conditions. Some plants with specialised forms of photosynthesis may also hold out longer than the rest. Is this "expiry date" final? No, the study did not factor in how plants might evolve over such vast stretches of time, or how future human technology could change the picture. That leaves room for surprises. The researchers even suggested that plants could one day adapt to hotter conditions, possibly spreading into higher parts of the atmosphere if the environment keeps changing.

Long after humans and larger animals have vanished due to the intense heat, the final flora standing will be incredibly resilient, drought-adapted species like cacti.

How long before sun destroys the Earth? Scientists may have discovered the planet's 'expiry date'

Researchers at Stanford University found that AI is also transforming scientific discovery by helping scientists to analyse complex data, generate hypotheses and formulate experiments faster than old methods. AI is entering multiple sectors, including biology, medicine, engineering, and astrophysics, to overcome limitations connected to time, resources, and data complexity. AI is also playing an increasingly significant role in biology and medicine by helping researchers analyse genetic data, identify biological patterns and develop advanced models for studying disease. According to Stanford researchers, AI-powered virtual cell models could significantly accelerate drug discovery and pave the way for more personalised healthcare.&nbsp;Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/japanese-researchers-found-invisible-gold-in-massive-quantities-hiding-beneath-seafloor-1783752058979">Japanese researchers find invisible gold in massive quantities hiding beneath seafloor</a><h3>Integration of AI agents</h3>AI agents are also becoming an integral part of scientific research, helping with tasks such as reviewing academic literature, designing experiments and interpreting data. However, researchers emphasise that human expertise remains indispensable, as AI-generated findings and hypotheses must still be scientifically validated and assessed for real-world applicability. From uncovering the complexities of genetic systems to exploring the structure of the universe, AI is allowing scientists to investigate questions that were previously difficult to address. Stanford researchers believe future scientific breakthroughs will rely on combining AI's computational power with human knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems. Rather than serving only as a productivity tool, AI is evolving into a fundamental component of scientific research. By analysing massive datasets, generating new hypotheses and simulating complex systems, it has the potential to accelerate discoveries across medicine, engineering, climate science and astrophysics. The findings reinforce that no matter how AI advances and enters several fields, scientific progress will continue to rely completely on human expertise. AI can speed up the process of analysis and experimentation; however, rigorous validation, ethical oversight and critical judgement will always remain vital to ensuring research results are reliable and reproducible. &nbsp;

Stanford researchers believe future scientific breakthroughs will rely on combining AI's computational power with human knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems.

Researchers at Stanford University found that AI is also transforming scientific discovery by helping scientists to analyse complex data, generate hypotheses and formulate experiments faster than old methods. AI is entering multiple sectors, including biology, medicine, engineering, and astrophysics, to overcome limitations connected to time, resources, and data complexity. AI is also playing an increasingly significant role in biology and medicine by helping researchers analyse genetic data, identify biological patterns and develop advanced models for studying disease. According to Stanford researchers, AI-powered virtual cell models could significantly accelerate drug discovery and pave the way for more personalised healthcare. Also read: Japanese researchers find invisible gold in massive quantities hiding beneath seafloor Integration of AI agents AI agents are also becoming an integral part of scientific research, helping with tasks such as reviewing academic literature, designing experiments and interpreting data. However, researchers emphasise that human expertise remains indispensable, as AI-generated findings and hypotheses must still be scientifically validated and assessed for real-world applicability. From uncovering the complexities of genetic systems to exploring the structure of the universe, AI is allowing scientists to investigate questions that were previously difficult to address. Stanford researchers believe future scientific breakthroughs will rely on combining AI's computational power with human knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems. Rather than serving only as a productivity tool, AI is evolving into a fundamental component of scientific research. By analysing massive datasets, generating new hypotheses and simulating complex systems, it has the potential to accelerate discoveries across medicine, engineering, climate science and astrophysics. The findings reinforce that no matter how AI advances and enters several fields, scientific progress will continue to rely completely on human expertise. AI can speed up the process of analysis and experimentation; however, rigorous validation, ethical oversight and critical judgement will always remain vital to ensuring research results are reliable and reproducible.

Stanford researchers believe future scientific breakthroughs will rely on combining AI's computational power with human knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems.

Can AI make scientific breakthroughs faster? Researchers weigh in

Japanese researchers discovered black smoker chimneys and hydrothermal mounds that are actively forging vast quantities of gold along the submerged volcanic crater off the southeastern coast of Japan. The hydrothermal vents are not only releasing small particles of gold but are also producing "invisible gold" that cannot be seen with the naked eye or even through a regular microscope.&nbsp;Instead, the gold is wrapped up inside materials on the seafloor. Scientists reported that the concentration of this hidden gold in the underwater crater is the highest ever recorded worldwide. The discovery was published in the report after an international team of scientists warned that active seafloor mounds need to be protected from commercial mining interests. The Higashi-Aogashima vents were discovered in 2015 within Japan's exclusive economic zone, and to this day, it remains unknown how much marine life these hydrothermal fields host. Researchers from Shizuoka University, Waseda University, and the University of Tokyo in Japan jointly analysed rock samples from hydrothermal fields located nearly 350 kilometres (217 miles) south of Tokyo.&nbsp;Also read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/arachnophobes-beware-fastest-spider-on-earth-has-just-been-identified-1783662778735"> Arachnophobes beware! Fastest spider on Earth, that moves 12 feet in 1 second, has just been identified</a><h3>Japan's hydrothermal vent</h3>Using secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), a highly sensitive method capable of detecting small amounts of gold, researchers discovered secret deposits of "extremely high-grade" invisible gold. These tiny gold nanoparticles are trapped inside pyrite, a sulfide mineral formed when hot, metal-rich fluids spew from the seafloor. Because of its shiny appearance, pyrite is commonly known as "fool's gold." The study found that real gold exists within pyrite in two forms: as microscopic nanoparticles and as individual gold atoms embedded within the mineral's crystal structure. Both forms were identified in the Higashi-Aogashima caldera. According to the researchers, the pyrite found in the underwater crater contains the highest concentration of gold ever recorded. The site is also relatively shallow compared with other hydrothermal vent fields in Japan being considered for resource development, making it a promising location for future mining. Although no commercial gold mine currently operates on the ocean floor, the Higashi-Aogashima caldera's accessibility and exceptionally high gold content have made it a strong candidate for future extraction. Scientists, however, are still working to develop an economical and efficient method to recover this "invisible gold" from seafloor minerals.

The Higashi-Aogashima vents were discovered in 2015 within Japan's exclusive economic zone, and to this day, it remains unknown how much marine life these hydrothermal fields host. 

Japanese researchers discovered black smoker chimneys and hydrothermal mounds that are actively forging vast quantities of gold along the submerged volcanic crater off the southeastern coast of Japan. The hydrothermal vents are not only releasing small particles of gold but are also producing "invisible gold" that cannot be seen with the naked eye or even through a regular microscope. Instead, the gold is wrapped up inside materials on the seafloor. Scientists reported that the concentration of this hidden gold in the underwater crater is the highest ever recorded worldwide. The discovery was published in the report after an international team of scientists warned that active seafloor mounds need to be protected from commercial mining interests. The Higashi-Aogashima vents were discovered in 2015 within Japan's exclusive economic zone, and to this day, it remains unknown how much marine life these hydrothermal fields host. Researchers from Shizuoka University, Waseda University, and the University of Tokyo in Japan jointly analysed rock samples from hydrothermal fields located nearly 350 kilometres (217 miles) south of Tokyo. Also read: Arachnophobes beware! Fastest spider on Earth, that moves 12 feet in 1 second, has just been identified Japan's hydrothermal vent Using secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), a highly sensitive method capable of detecting small amounts of gold, researchers discovered secret deposits of "extremely high-grade" invisible gold. These tiny gold nanoparticles are trapped inside pyrite, a sulfide mineral formed when hot, metal-rich fluids spew from the seafloor. Because of its shiny appearance, pyrite is commonly known as "fool's gold." The study found that real gold exists within pyrite in two forms: as microscopic nanoparticles and as individual gold atoms embedded within the mineral's crystal structure. Both forms were identified in the Higashi-Aogashima caldera. According to the researchers, the pyrite found in the underwater crater contains the highest concentration of gold ever recorded. The site is also relatively shallow compared with other hydrothermal vent fields in Japan being considered for resource development, making it a promising location for future mining. Although no commercial gold mine currently operates on the ocean floor, the Higashi-Aogashima caldera's accessibility and exceptionally high gold content have made it a strong candidate for future extraction. Scientists, however, are still working to develop an economical and efficient method to recover this "invisible gold" from seafloor minerals.

The Higashi-Aogashima vents were discovered in 2015 within Japan's exclusive economic zone, and to this day, it remains unknown how much marine life these hydrothermal fields host.&nbsp;

Japanese researchers find invisible gold in massive quantities hiding beneath seafloor

How will humanity tell the story of its self-manufactured destruction? The answer lies in a striking, angular steel monolith known as "Earth's Black Box." Hidden away on Tasmania's rugged, isolated West Coast, this silent witness is being constructed to stand as an apocalyptic archive. Amid climate change, rising temperatures and an increasingly divisive world, representatives of our species have decided to set up a box that will record and keep safe the story of humans for whatever civilisation comes next. The so-called Earth's Black Box was contructed in 2022, and would be up and running by the end of this year, if all goes to plan. But, why does humanity need such a sinister thing? All you need to know.&nbsp;<h2>'History is written by the victors' but humans will be the losers</h2>Named after the black box flight recorder, an almost indestructible device on airplanes that stores flight data, including pilots’ decisions, and helps investigators reconstruct accidents, this historical record would "provide an unbiased account of the events that lead to the demise of the planet".In this dark metaphorical rewrite, for the purpose of this project, think of Earth as the plane and humanity the pilot, flying it toward a catastrophic system failure.<h2>But, why does why does humanity need such a sinister record?</h2>"Unless we dramatically transform our way of life, climate change and other man-made perils will cause our civilization to crash. Earth’s Black Box will record every step we take towards this catastrophe," read's the project's website.According to CNN, the box is actually part art installation, part data repository, part time capsule and part a warning. The box's primary purpose, as per the people behind it, including ad agency Clemenger, environmental communications agency Rouser Lab and art collective Glue Society is to generate fear and snap people into action against the escalating climate crisis.<h2>Inside the monolith engineered to outlast us: Where will humanity's tenebrous history rest for the next civilisation?</h2>The <a href="https://www.instagram.com/earthsblackbox/">Black Box</a> will be housed on a disused airport in Tasmania. According to the project's website, it will roughly be the size of a city bus and will be made using 3-inch-steel. It will be surrounded by concrete panels and a roof of tough glass with solar panels, rendering it virtually indestructible, in case of a apocalyptic future.The box will record everything that could potentially lead to humanity's demise, including climate data points and pieces of contextual information, everything from temperatures and sea level rise to political speeches and climate reports.Rob Beamish, founder and creative director of Rouser Lab, called it "an almost indestructible, self-powered device for recording data."&nbsp;The records are not just for future civilisations, people would also be able to access the findings via their phones once the box is up and running. However, the core idea is to create a historical record for future civilisations.While the box aims to provoke fear, Beamish said there's still hope. "The plane’s still in the air … there is still hope to really avoid the very worst of climate change," he said.&nbsp; &nbsp;

What if humanity disappeared tomorrow? A giant steel 'Black Box' being built in Tasmania aims to preserve the story of how civilisation changed the planet and possibly destroyed itself. Scroll down to find out why the project exists, what it will record, and who it's really meant for.

How will humanity tell the story of its self-manufactured destruction? The answer lies in a striking, angular steel monolith known as "Earth's Black Box." Hidden away on Tasmania's rugged, isolated West Coast, this silent witness is being constructed to stand as an apocalyptic archive. Amid climate change, rising temperatures and an increasingly divisive world, representatives of our species have decided to set up a box that will record and keep safe the story of humans for whatever civilisation comes next. The so-called Earth's Black Box was contructed in 2022, and would be up and running by the end of this year, if all goes to plan. But, why does humanity need such a sinister thing? All you need to know. 'History is written by the victors' but humans will be the losers Named after the black box flight recorder, an almost indestructible device on airplanes that stores flight data, including pilots’ decisions, and helps investigators reconstruct accidents, this historical record would "provide an unbiased account of the events that lead to the demise of the planet". In this dark metaphorical rewrite, for the purpose of this project, think of Earth as the plane and humanity the pilot, flying it toward a catastrophic system failure. But, why does why does humanity need such a sinister record? "Unless we dramatically transform our way of life, climate change and other man-made perils will cause our civilization to crash. Earth’s Black Box will record every step we take towards this catastrophe," read's the project's website. According to CNN, the box is actually part art installation, part data repository, part time capsule and part a warning. The box's primary purpose, as per the people behind it, including ad agency Clemenger, environmental communications agency Rouser Lab and art collective Glue Society is to generate fear and snap people into action against the escalating climate crisis. Inside the monolith engineered to outlast us: Where will humanity's tenebrous history rest for the next civilisation? The Black Box will be housed on a disused airport in Tasmania. According to the project's website, it will roughly be the size of a city bus and will be made using 3-inch-steel. It will be surrounded by concrete panels and a roof of tough glass with solar panels, rendering it virtually indestructible, in case of a apocalyptic future. The box will record everything that could potentially lead to humanity's demise, including climate data points and pieces of contextual information, everything from temperatures and sea level rise to political speeches and climate reports. Rob Beamish, founder and creative director of Rouser Lab, called it "an almost indestructible, self-powered device for recording data." The records are not just for future civilisations, people would also be able to access the findings via their phones once the box is up and running. However, the core idea is to create a historical record for future civilisations. While the box aims to provoke fear, Beamish said there's still hope. "The plane’s still in the air … there is still hope to really avoid the very worst of climate change," he said.

What if humanity disappeared tomorrow? A giant steel 'Black Box' being built in Tasmania aims to preserve the story of how civilisation changed the planet and possibly destroyed itself. Scroll down to find out why the project exists, what it will record, and who it's really meant for.

Built to outlive us all: Earth is getting an indestructible ‘black box’ to record the end of human civilisation

For several years, India’s space programme has been known for doing the improbable on a modest budget. The Mars mission that cost less than many Hollywood productions, the moon landing that etched India’s name in history books and the satellites launched for countries – the world has seen India’s reliable and affordable technology. However, Gaganyaan comes with different challenges.India is preparing to launch its first human spaceflight that could place India among a select group of nations that have independently sent humans into space. So far, only the United States, Russia and China have achieved that milestone.While a rocket carrying a satellite only needs to protect a machine, a spacecraft carrying astronauts has to ensure human lives remain safe. Having a significance far beyond the launch pad, Gaganyaan is a test of whether India can move from mastering robotic missions to building the much more demanding ecosystem required to keep humans alive beyond Earth.The mission, approved by the Union Cabinet in 2018 with an initial budget of ₹9,023 crore, aims to send Indian astronauts into a low Earth orbit of around 400 kilometres and bring them back safely. The spacecraft will be launched using India’s heaviest operational rocket, the human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), after extensive testing and validation.Also read |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-will-e20-fuel-affect-your-car-here-s-what-science-says-1783249256370"> Will E20 fuel affect your car? Here's what science says</a><h2>From satellites to astronauts: India’s biggest space test yet</h2>India has spent decades building expertise in launch vehicles and satellite technology. But human spaceflight belongs to a different league. This requires a spacecraft that can handle emergencies, systems that can sustain astronauts in orbit and technology that can safely bring them back through Earth’s atmosphere.The achievement would not just add another milestone to India’s space record; it would signal that the country has developed capabilities that few nations possess.Human spaceflight requires an ecosystem. It needs companies that can manufacture precision components, develop electronics, build specialised materials and create technologies capable of operating in extreme conditions.The mission could also encourage greater investment in India’s space start-up ecosystem, which has seen rapid growth in recent years.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/as-global-supply-chains-shift-can-india-become-the-next-manufacturing-hub-1783159714059">As global supply chains shift, can India become the next manufacturing hub?</a><h2>A new race beyond Earth</h2>Gaganyaan comes at a time when the global space industry is moving beyond traditional satellite launches. The United States is preparing for future Moon missions under NASA’s Artemis programme, China is operating its Tiangong space station, and private companies are developing commercial orbital platforms. The focus is shifting towards sustained human activity in space.For India, developing human spaceflight capability is an important step towards its own long-term plans, including the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station and future exploration missions. The ability to send humans into orbit is not just a technological achievement; it is also a measure of a country’s scientific and industrial strength.<h2>More than a one-time mission</h2>The success of Gaganyaan will ultimately be judged by more than the launch day photographs or the astronauts’ return to Earth. The larger question is what India builds around it. A successful mission could create demand for new technologies, strengthen private participation and give Indian companies experience in one of the most advanced areas of aerospace.India has already proved it can reach space efficiently. With Gaganyaan, it is attempting to prove it can operate there with humans on board.Watch | ISRO genius preparing India's future minds | Vijay govt's big move<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed</a>&nbsp;

Gaganyaan could reshape India’s role in the global space industry by proving human spaceflight capability, boosting private space companies, driving innovation and opening new opportunities in the commercial space economy.

For several years, India’s space programme has been known for doing the improbable on a modest budget. The Mars mission that cost less than many Hollywood productions, the moon landing that etched India’s name in history books and the satellites launched for countries – the world has seen India’s reliable and affordable technology. However, Gaganyaan comes with different challenges. India is preparing to launch its first human spaceflight that could place India among a select group of nations that have independently sent humans into space. So far, only the United States, Russia and China have achieved that milestone. While a rocket carrying a satellite only needs to protect a machine, a spacecraft carrying astronauts has to ensure human lives remain safe. Having a significance far beyond the launch pad, Gaganyaan is a test of whether India can move from mastering robotic missions to building the much more demanding ecosystem required to keep humans alive beyond Earth. The mission, approved by the Union Cabinet in 2018 with an initial budget of ₹9,023 crore, aims to send Indian astronauts into a low Earth orbit of around 400 kilometres and bring them back safely. The spacecraft will be launched using India’s heaviest operational rocket, the human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), after extensive testing and validation. Also read | Will E20 fuel affect your car? Here's what science says From satellites to astronauts: India’s biggest space test yet India has spent decades building expertise in launch vehicles and satellite technology. But human spaceflight belongs to a different league. This requires a spacecraft that can handle emergencies, systems that can sustain astronauts in orbit and technology that can safely bring them back through Earth’s atmosphere. The achievement would not just add another milestone to India’s space record; it would signal that the country has developed capabilities that few nations possess. Human spaceflight requires an ecosystem. It needs companies that can manufacture precision components, develop electronics, build specialised materials and create technologies capable of operating in extreme conditions. The mission could also encourage greater investment in India’s space start-up ecosystem, which has seen rapid growth in recent years. Also read | As global supply chains shift, can India become the next manufacturing hub? A new race beyond Earth Gaganyaan comes at a time when the global space industry is moving beyond traditional satellite launches. The United States is preparing for future Moon missions under NASA’s Artemis programme, China is operating its Tiangong space station, and private companies are developing commercial orbital platforms. The focus is shifting towards sustained human activity in space. For India, developing human spaceflight capability is an important step towards its own long-term plans, including the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station and future exploration missions. The ability to send humans into orbit is not just a technological achievement; it is also a measure of a country’s scientific and industrial strength. More than a one-time mission The success of Gaganyaan will ultimately be judged by more than the launch day photographs or the astronauts’ return to Earth. The larger question is what India builds around it. A successful mission could create demand for new technologies, strengthen private participation and give Indian companies experience in one of the most advanced areas of aerospace. India has already proved it can reach space efficiently. With Gaganyaan, it is attempting to prove it can operate there with humans on board. Watch | ISRO genius preparing India's future minds | Vijay govt's big move https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed

Gaganyaan could reshape India’s role in the global space industry by proving human spaceflight capability, boosting private space companies, driving innovation and opening new opportunities in the commercial space economy.

Gaganyaan: The mission that could change how the world sees India’s space ambitions

Indian origin NASA astronaut Anil Menon is set to begin his first space mission to the International Space Station on July 14. The mission will mark his maiden journey into space and will see him spend about eight months aboard the orbiting laboratory, where he will carry out a series of scientific experiments focused on long-duration space travel.&nbsp;According to NASA, Menon will lift off aboard the Roscosmos Soyuz MS 29 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on July 14. He will serve as a flight engineer alongside Russian cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Anna Kikina. The crew will join Expedition 74 before later becoming part of Expedition 75 aboard the International Space Station.&nbsp;NASA will broadcast live launch and docking coverage on its YouTube channel beginning at 9:45 a.m. EDT on Tuesday.<h2>Who is Anil Menon?</h2>Dr Anil Menon is a physician, mechanical engineer and colonel in the United States Space Force. He was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Indian and Ukrainian immigrant parents. His background combines medicine, engineering and aerospace experience, making him one of NASA's multidisciplinary astronauts.&nbsp;Menon earned a bachelor's degree in neurobiology from Harvard University before completing a master's degree in mechanical engineering and a Doctor of Medicine from Stanford University. He later finished residencies in emergency medicine and aerospace medicine at Stanford University and the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/typhoon-bavi-triggers-deadly-landslides-kills-at-least-15-in-philippines-as-taiwan-braces-for-impact-1783681076513">Typhoon Bavi triggers deadly landslides, kills at least 15 in Philippines as Taiwan braces for impact</a>&nbsp;Before joining NASA's astronaut corps, Menon served as SpaceX's first flight surgeon. He helped oversee the NASA SpaceX Demo 2 mission, the first crewed flight of the Dragon spacecraft. He also played a key role in building SpaceX's human spaceflight medical programme and supported NASA and SpaceX missions as a crew flight surgeon.&nbsp;Alongside his space work, Menon continues to practise emergency medicine at Memorial Hermann's Texas Medical Centre and teaches residents in the University of Texas medical residency programme.<h2>What will Menon do on the ISS?</h2>During his stay aboard the International Space Station, Menon will carry out scientific research and technology demonstrations designed to support future human space missions while also benefiting life on Earth.&nbsp;According to NASA, he will continue research to improve the space production of semiconductor crystals, helping support large-scale manufacturing of components used in high-performance computers, artificial intelligence and advanced medical devices.Menon will also perform ultrasound using augmented reality and artificial intelligence methods that could reduce the need for medical support from Earth during future space missions.&nbsp;He will take part as a test subject in research examining how spaceflight affects blood flow, helping scientists develop ways to protect future astronauts. In addition, he will test bioprinting vascular constructs in microgravity to improve understanding of the ageing process and support future therapeutic developments.

On his first space mission, Anil Menon will spend around eight months on the ISS carrying out scientific experiments on long-duration space travel.

Indian origin NASA astronaut Anil Menon is set to begin his first space mission to the International Space Station on July 14. The mission will mark his maiden journey into space and will see him spend about eight months aboard the orbiting laboratory, where he will carry out a series of scientific experiments focused on long-duration space travel. According to NASA, Menon will lift off aboard the Roscosmos Soyuz MS 29 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on July 14. He will serve as a flight engineer alongside Russian cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Anna Kikina. The crew will join Expedition 74 before later becoming part of Expedition 75 aboard the International Space Station. NASA will broadcast live launch and docking coverage on its YouTube channel beginning at 9:45 a.m. EDT on Tuesday. Who is Anil Menon? Dr Anil Menon is a physician, mechanical engineer and colonel in the United States Space Force. He was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Indian and Ukrainian immigrant parents. His background combines medicine, engineering and aerospace experience, making him one of NASA's multidisciplinary astronauts. Menon earned a bachelor's degree in neurobiology from Harvard University before completing a master's degree in mechanical engineering and a Doctor of Medicine from Stanford University. He later finished residencies in emergency medicine and aerospace medicine at Stanford University and the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. Also Read: Typhoon Bavi triggers deadly landslides, kills at least 15 in Philippines as Taiwan braces for impact Before joining NASA's astronaut corps, Menon served as SpaceX's first flight surgeon. He helped oversee the NASA SpaceX Demo 2 mission, the first crewed flight of the Dragon spacecraft. He also played a key role in building SpaceX's human spaceflight medical programme and supported NASA and SpaceX missions as a crew flight surgeon. Alongside his space work, Menon continues to practise emergency medicine at Memorial Hermann's Texas Medical Centre and teaches residents in the University of Texas medical residency programme. What will Menon do on the ISS? During his stay aboard the International Space Station, Menon will carry out scientific research and technology demonstrations designed to support future human space missions while also benefiting life on Earth. According to NASA, he will continue research to improve the space production of semiconductor crystals, helping support large-scale manufacturing of components used in high-performance computers, artificial intelligence and advanced medical devices. Menon will also perform ultrasound using augmented reality and artificial intelligence methods that could reduce the need for medical support from Earth during future space missions. He will take part as a test subject in research examining how spaceflight affects blood flow, helping scientists develop ways to protect future astronauts. In addition, he will test bioprinting vascular constructs in microgravity to improve understanding of the ageing process and support future therapeutic developments.

On his first space mission, Anil Menon will spend around eight months on the ISS carrying out scientific experiments on long-duration space travel.

Who is Anil Menon? Indian-origin NASA astronaut set for July 14 launch on eight month ISS mission

The United States has taken a major step towards space warfare with a new electromagnetic weapon capable of disrupting enemy satellites. Meadowlands, developed by L3 Harris, does not physically damage them, and simply silences them. The US Space Force has acknowledged that this offensive weapon can block radio waves, rendering them incapable of communicating or sharing data with forces on the ground. The Space Force said in a statement that it provides the military with a "robust toolkit for spectrum dominance."&nbsp;Meadowlands reportedly consists of an antenna dish mounted to a wheeled trailer. It can be moved around on the ground or on a large cargo aircraft and deployed under enemy satellites. Reports suggest that Space Force has requested nearly $460 million in Fiscal Year 2027 to develop Meadowlands, and for related training. The US Space Force has a dedicated unit for systems like the Meadowlands.&nbsp;<h2>Donald Trump has stressed Space Superiority</h2>President Donald Trump has often made it clear that the country needs to strengthen its defences in space. In his second term, he is treating space as an active warfighting domain and wants to achieve undisputed "Space Superiority".&nbsp;US Space Force Col. Angelo Fernandez, commander of Mission Delta 3 – Space Electromagnetic Warfare, said, "Continued U.S. Space Force investment in electromagnetic warfare systems, software, and advanced training is essential to modern warfare." The agency added that such warfare capabilities were at the centre of Operation Midnight Hammer against Iran in June 2025 when the US military attacked the country's nuclear sites.&nbsp;&nbsp;It said in a statement that electromagnetic warfare professionals "created a silence zone to ensure secure bomber ingress and egress, effectively halting adversary communications to provide vital indications and warnings."&nbsp;On day one of Operation Epic Fury, the current war against Iran, the US deployed similar capabilities, Guardians from Mission Delta 3, and launched targeted non-kinetic strikes. It jammed and disrupted Iran's ground-based air defence sensors and military communications networks

US Space Force has acquired a weapon that can be counted as a major step in space warfare. It can deny and disrupt signals on enemy satellites to prevent communication. The agency described it as a "robust toolkit for spectrum dominance."

The United States has taken a major step towards space warfare with a new electromagnetic weapon capable of disrupting enemy satellites. Meadowlands, developed by L3 Harris, does not physically damage them, and simply silences them. The US Space Force has acknowledged that this offensive weapon can block radio waves, rendering them incapable of communicating or sharing data with forces on the ground. The Space Force said in a statement that it provides the military with a "robust toolkit for spectrum dominance." Meadowlands reportedly consists of an antenna dish mounted to a wheeled trailer. It can be moved around on the ground or on a large cargo aircraft and deployed under enemy satellites. Reports suggest that Space Force has requested nearly $460 million in Fiscal Year 2027 to develop Meadowlands, and for related training. The US Space Force has a dedicated unit for systems like the Meadowlands. Donald Trump has stressed Space Superiority President Donald Trump has often made it clear that the country needs to strengthen its defences in space. In his second term, he is treating space as an active warfighting domain and wants to achieve undisputed "Space Superiority". US Space Force Col. Angelo Fernandez, commander of Mission Delta 3 – Space Electromagnetic Warfare, said, "Continued U.S. Space Force investment in electromagnetic warfare systems, software, and advanced training is essential to modern warfare." The agency added that such warfare capabilities were at the centre of Operation Midnight Hammer against Iran in June 2025 when the US military attacked the country's nuclear sites. It said in a statement that electromagnetic warfare professionals "created a silence zone to ensure secure bomber ingress and egress, effectively halting adversary communications to provide vital indications and warnings." On day one of Operation Epic Fury, the current war against Iran, the US deployed similar capabilities, Guardians from Mission Delta 3, and launched targeted non-kinetic strikes. It jammed and disrupted Iran's ground-based air defence sensors and military communications networks

US Space Force has acquired a weapon that can be counted as a major step in space warfare. It can deny and disrupt signals on enemy satellites to prevent communication. The agency described it as a "robust toolkit for spectrum dominance."

Declaration of space wars? America's latest weapon can jam enemy satellites

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman has confirmed that the US space agency possesses images of unidentified objects which scientists have not yet been able to explain. Speaking on The Jack Gordon Podcast, Isaacman said some imagery collected by NASA could not currently be explained away as comets or other known natural phenomena."We have captured imagery... based on the data that we have within that imagery, we don't know what it is," Isaacman said, adding that President Donald Trump has been supportive of greater transparency around such material.<h2>There's life out there</h2>While Isaacman stopped short of saying that the unexplained images could be proof of aliens, he said he believes humanity could eventually discover that life is common across the universe, though he acknowledged there is no definitive evidence yet."I think there's a very real possibility we're going to arrive at a conclusion in our lifetime that perhaps there's life everywhere out there and that it isn't as infrequent as we might think it to possibly be," he said.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/do-not-open-until-2276-inside-the-us-time-capsule-that-won-t-be-opened-for-250-years-america-anniversary-1783040677941">Do not open until 2276: Inside the US time capsule that won't be opened for 250 years</a><h2>NASA may have proof of alien life</h2>While Isaacman said NASA has images that remain unexplained, he rejected one of the most persistent UFO conspiracy theories. When asked whether the US government had recovered crashed alien spacecraft or extraterrestrial bodies, he said he had never seen evidence to support those claims.However, Isaacman revealed that NASA may already have proof of aliens. "We got samples on Mars right now. If we bring them back, there is a very high probability that they will point to, at some point, microbial life at least on Mars," he said.NASA has long viewed Mars sample analysis as one of the best opportunities to determine whether the Red Planet once hosted microscopic life, although plans to return those samples have faced delays and funding challenges.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/humans-to-live-on-the-moon-by-2029-nasa-awards-600mn-in-contracts-unveils-next-phase-of-lunar-base-plans-1782868223488">Humans to live on the Moon by 2029? NASA awards $600mn in contracts, unveils next phase of lunar base plans</a><h2>'Are we alone?'</h2>Isaacman, a billionaire entrepreneur and civilian astronaut appointed to lead NASA, said the search for life elsewhere remains one of the agency's biggest scientific goals."I can't hate the subject. In fact, I'm incredibly fascinated about it because that is at the heart of what we're trying to do at NASA, answer the question: Are we alone?" said the NASA director. He also defended future human exploration of space, arguing that humanity's long-term future should not be confined to Earth. "I do not believe it is our destiny to remain on one planet," Isaacman said. &nbsp;

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman says the agency has captured images of unidentified objects that scientists still cannot explain. He also claimed that Mars samples could provide evidence of ancient alien life and help answer humanity's biggest question: Are we alone?

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman has confirmed that the US space agency possesses images of unidentified objects which scientists have not yet been able to explain. Speaking on The Jack Gordon Podcast, Isaacman said some imagery collected by NASA could not currently be explained away as comets or other known natural phenomena. "We have captured imagery... based on the data that we have within that imagery, we don't know what it is," Isaacman said, adding that President Donald Trump has been supportive of greater transparency around such material. There's life out there While Isaacman stopped short of saying that the unexplained images could be proof of aliens, he said he believes humanity could eventually discover that life is common across the universe, though he acknowledged there is no definitive evidence yet. "I think there's a very real possibility we're going to arrive at a conclusion in our lifetime that perhaps there's life everywhere out there and that it isn't as infrequent as we might think it to possibly be," he said. Also read | Do not open until 2276: Inside the US time capsule that won't be opened for 250 years NASA may have proof of alien life While Isaacman said NASA has images that remain unexplained, he rejected one of the most persistent UFO conspiracy theories. When asked whether the US government had recovered crashed alien spacecraft or extraterrestrial bodies, he said he had never seen evidence to support those claims. However, Isaacman revealed that NASA may already have proof of aliens. "We got samples on Mars right now. If we bring them back, there is a very high probability that they will point to, at some point, microbial life at least on Mars," he said. NASA has long viewed Mars sample analysis as one of the best opportunities to determine whether the Red Planet once hosted microscopic life, although plans to return those samples have faced delays and funding challenges. Also read | Humans to live on the Moon by 2029? NASA awards $600mn in contracts, unveils next phase of lunar base plans 'Are we alone?' Isaacman, a billionaire entrepreneur and civilian astronaut appointed to lead NASA, said the search for life elsewhere remains one of the agency's biggest scientific goals. "I can't hate the subject. In fact, I'm incredibly fascinated about it because that is at the heart of what we're trying to do at NASA, answer the question: Are we alone?" said the NASA director. He also defended future human exploration of space, arguing that humanity's long-term future should not be confined to Earth. "I do not believe it is our destiny to remain on one planet," Isaacman said.

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman says the agency has captured images of unidentified objects that scientists still cannot explain. He also claimed that Mars samples could provide evidence of ancient alien life and help answer humanity's biggest question: Are we alone?

Did NASA chief just confirm aliens? US Space agency's director Jared Isaacman REVEALS: 'We have images...'

A remotely controlled pair of humanoid robots completed a surgery for the first time ever. In another case, one humanoid with human assistance carried out the procedure. The proof-of-concept preclinical trial was carried out by scientists at the University of California San Diego and involved gallbladder removals in large, non-primate mammals, Popular Science reported. Robotic surgeries are common today, but they are massive devices with multiple arms and weigh over 800 kg. However, the humanoids that carried out the procedures in this case are only about five feet tall and just 27 kg. Nicknamed Surgie, the bots can be customised and are much more affordable.&nbsp;Michael Yip, an engineer at the University of California San Diego, published their study in the journal Nature. They said that the robots were equipped with adapters to hold surgical tools, and that controlling them remotely felt natural. “We were surprised at how well Surgie meshed with our workspace and workflow,” said UC San Diego surgeon Nikita Thareja.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/man-from-year-3700-warns-of-apocalyptic-war-with-robots-1783492147310">Man claims he travelled to year 3700. Robots had killed 30% of humans. Here is what else he says he saw</a><h2>Humanoid robots cost much less</h2>Study co-author Shanglei Liu said these humanoids are easy to deploy in the operating room since they take up a fraction of the space and cost a fraction as much. The researchers concur that humanoid robots can help address the healthcare crisis in the world. They can be easily deployed in rural areas, on the battlefield, and even in space.<h2>Challenges faced by humanoid robots</h2>However, the Surgie bots did face some challenges. They had to be recalibrated multiple times, which stretched the surgery for a longer period compared to existing surgical systems. There was a lag in response time between the controller and the robot, which researchers said needs to be worked on. The team cited real world examples to express confidence that this issue would be overcome. Notably, robotic laparoscopic surgery took six hours when it was carried out for the first time. Today it only takes around 30 minutes.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/humanoid-robots-are-learning-to-cook-and-clean-in-china-here-s-how-they-could-replace-millions-of-jobs-1782834768024">Humanoid robots are learning to cook and clean in China: Here's how they could replace millions of jobs</a>&nbsp;Scientists say that besides doing the surgery, Surgies can also assist in grabbing tools and cleaning up later. Yip said the goal is to create an "autonomous surgical assistant." He added that the goal is to have an operating theatre where humanoid robots and humans work side by side as an integrated team.

In a world first, scientists at the University of California San Diego controlled humanoid robots remotely to carry out a surgery. The team believes this has major implications for the future, as they can be deployed in rural areas, on the battlefield and even in space.

A remotely controlled pair of humanoid robots completed a surgery for the first time ever. In another case, one humanoid with human assistance carried out the procedure. The proof-of-concept preclinical trial was carried out by scientists at the University of California San Diego and involved gallbladder removals in large, non-primate mammals, Popular Science reported. Robotic surgeries are common today, but they are massive devices with multiple arms and weigh over 800 kg. However, the humanoids that carried out the procedures in this case are only about five feet tall and just 27 kg. Nicknamed Surgie, the bots can be customised and are much more affordable. Michael Yip, an engineer at the University of California San Diego, published their study in the journal Nature. They said that the robots were equipped with adapters to hold surgical tools, and that controlling them remotely felt natural. “We were surprised at how well Surgie meshed with our workspace and workflow,” said UC San Diego surgeon Nikita Thareja. Also Read: Man claims he travelled to year 3700. Robots had killed 30% of humans. Here is what else he says he saw Humanoid robots cost much less Study co-author Shanglei Liu said these humanoids are easy to deploy in the operating room since they take up a fraction of the space and cost a fraction as much. The researchers concur that humanoid robots can help address the healthcare crisis in the world. They can be easily deployed in rural areas, on the battlefield, and even in space. Challenges faced by humanoid robots However, the Surgie bots did face some challenges. They had to be recalibrated multiple times, which stretched the surgery for a longer period compared to existing surgical systems. There was a lag in response time between the controller and the robot, which researchers said needs to be worked on. The team cited real world examples to express confidence that this issue would be overcome. Notably, robotic laparoscopic surgery took six hours when it was carried out for the first time. Today it only takes around 30 minutes. Also Read: Humanoid robots are learning to cook and clean in China: Here's how they could replace millions of jobs Scientists say that besides doing the surgery, Surgies can also assist in grabbing tools and cleaning up later. Yip said the goal is to create an "autonomous surgical assistant." He added that the goal is to have an operating theatre where humanoid robots and humans work side by side as an integrated team.

In a world first, scientists at the University of California San Diego controlled humanoid robots remotely to carry out a surgery. The team believes this has major implications for the future, as they can be deployed in rural areas, on the battlefield and even in space.

Humanoid robots make medical history, perform surgery for the first time. Here's how 'Surgies' worked

Pedro Neto's modified football boot became one of the most talked-about images during Portugal's World Cup last-16 defeat to Spain, leaving fans wondering why the winger had a large section cut out from the back of his expensive footwear. The unusual sight of Neto's sock protruding through the heel of his boot was no dressing-room prank. Instead, it highlighted a little-known issue that affects several professional footballers. Players including Philippe Coutinho, Roberto Firmino, Mats Hummels and Daniele De Rossi have all worn similarly altered boots over the years. One possible explanation is Haglund's deformity, a painful heel condition that can make standard football boots uncomfortable.<h2>What is Haglund's deformity?</h2>Haglund's deformity is a bony enlargement at the back of the heel near where the Achilles tendon attaches. According to musculoskeletal physiotherapist Michael Robson, not everyone with the condition experiences pain. "It really only becomes a painful syndrome when that enlarged bone repeatedly irritates the soft tissue around it," Robson told The Athletic.&nbsp;The irritation can affect the Achilles tendon as well as the retrocalcaneal bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that cushions the heel. Bartholomew Hudson-Gill, a physiotherapist who has worked with elite footballers at a FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, explains that the condition develops through a combination of heel bone shape, thickening of the Achilles tendon and inflammation of the surrounding bursa. "That bursa, essentially, is like a shock absorber," Hudson-Gill said. "The tendon becomes thicker, the bursa gets irritated, then the bone starts to get irritated. “They load it more, it gets more sore. That soreness means there are changes in the bone, which means it then gets more sore.”&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/sports/mbappe-dembele-fire-france-into-fifa-world-cup-2026-semifinals-beat-morocco-2-0-1783634367156">Mbappe, Dembele fire France into FIFA World Cup 2026 semifinals, beat Morocco 2-0</a><h2>Why do players cut holes in their boots?</h2>Although Pedro Neto has never publicly confirmed why his boot was modified, specialists say cutting away the rigid heel section can significantly reduce pressure if a player is dealing with Haglund's deformity. The stiff heel counter found in most football boots can press directly against the swollen area, causing ongoing pain. Removing part of the boot allows the heel more room and reduces friction during matches.&nbsp;"That stops the boot physically compressing that tendon and that bone so that it stops irritating," Hudson-Gill says. In professional football, these changes are often carried out by club podiatrists rather than players themselves to ensure the boot remains structurally stable while relieving pressure.<h2>Can Haglund's deformity be treated?</h2>The condition cannot simply be reversed once the bony enlargement has developed. Instead, treatment focuses on controlling pain and reducing irritation. Rehabilitation usually includes lowering stress on the heel, strengthening the calf and Achilles tendon, physiotherapy, and gradually returning players to full training. However, during a busy season or major tournament, players often continue competing while managing symptoms.&nbsp;"They're not going to stop playing because of a little bit of pain in the back of their heel," Hudson-Gill said. “They might be needed for a cup final or World Cup qualifiers.” Many footballers successfully manage the condition through customised boots, physiotherapy, shockwave therapy, injection therapy and carefully controlled workloads. Surgery remains an option if conservative treatment fails, although many elite players avoid needing an operation.&nbsp;Named after Swedish surgeon Patrick Haglund, who first described the condition in 1927, Haglund's deformity remains a common issue in elite football. For many professionals, a simple cut in the back of a boot can make the difference between playing and sitting on the sidelines.

Why did Pedro Neto cut a hole in his football boot? Discover how Haglund's deformity affects footballers, why players modify boots, and treatment options

Pedro Neto's modified football boot became one of the most talked-about images during Portugal's World Cup last-16 defeat to Spain, leaving fans wondering why the winger had a large section cut out from the back of his expensive footwear. The unusual sight of Neto's sock protruding through the heel of his boot was no dressing-room prank. Instead, it highlighted a little-known issue that affects several professional footballers. Players including Philippe Coutinho, Roberto Firmino, Mats Hummels and Daniele De Rossi have all worn similarly altered boots over the years. One possible explanation is Haglund's deformity, a painful heel condition that can make standard football boots uncomfortable. What is Haglund's deformity? Haglund's deformity is a bony enlargement at the back of the heel near where the Achilles tendon attaches. According to musculoskeletal physiotherapist Michael Robson, not everyone with the condition experiences pain. "It really only becomes a painful syndrome when that enlarged bone repeatedly irritates the soft tissue around it," Robson told The Athletic. The irritation can affect the Achilles tendon as well as the retrocalcaneal bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that cushions the heel. Bartholomew Hudson-Gill, a physiotherapist who has worked with elite footballers at a FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, explains that the condition develops through a combination of heel bone shape, thickening of the Achilles tendon and inflammation of the surrounding bursa. "That bursa, essentially, is like a shock absorber," Hudson-Gill said. "The tendon becomes thicker, the bursa gets irritated, then the bone starts to get irritated. “They load it more, it gets more sore. That soreness means there are changes in the bone, which means it then gets more sore.” Also Read: Mbappe, Dembele fire France into FIFA World Cup 2026 semifinals, beat Morocco 2-0 Why do players cut holes in their boots? Although Pedro Neto has never publicly confirmed why his boot was modified, specialists say cutting away the rigid heel section can significantly reduce pressure if a player is dealing with Haglund's deformity. The stiff heel counter found in most football boots can press directly against the swollen area, causing ongoing pain. Removing part of the boot allows the heel more room and reduces friction during matches. "That stops the boot physically compressing that tendon and that bone so that it stops irritating," Hudson-Gill says. In professional football, these changes are often carried out by club podiatrists rather than players themselves to ensure the boot remains structurally stable while relieving pressure. Can Haglund's deformity be treated? The condition cannot simply be reversed once the bony enlargement has developed. Instead, treatment focuses on controlling pain and reducing irritation. Rehabilitation usually includes lowering stress on the heel, strengthening the calf and Achilles tendon, physiotherapy, and gradually returning players to full training. However, during a busy season or major tournament, players often continue competing while managing symptoms. "They're not going to stop playing because of a little bit of pain in the back of their heel," Hudson-Gill said. “They might be needed for a cup final or World Cup qualifiers.” Many footballers successfully manage the condition through customised boots, physiotherapy, shockwave therapy, injection therapy and carefully controlled workloads. Surgery remains an option if conservative treatment fails, although many elite players avoid needing an operation. Named after Swedish surgeon Patrick Haglund, who first described the condition in 1927, Haglund's deformity remains a common issue in elite football. For many professionals, a simple cut in the back of a boot can make the difference between playing and sitting on the sidelines.

Pedro Neto's cut-up football boot sparked curiosity, but experts say Haglund's deformity may explain why some players modify their footwear

Why did Pedro Neto cut a hole in his football boot? The Haglund's deformity explained

Scientists have for the first time captured a haunting portion of the Atlantic Ocean spanning 60,000 square kilometres, about the size of Lake Michigan. The Doldrums Megatransform and Fracture Zone consists of tectonic fractures where Earth's crust is being reshaped constantly. At a depth of 13,123 feet, they discovered in this twilight zone two never-before-seen hydrothermal fields. These are regions on the seafloor from which heat and chemicals seep into the ocean from inside Earth, creating the perfect conditions for life to thrive. This region was teeming with shrimps, crabs and anemones, along with a barreleye fish seen for the very first time.<h2>First-ever sighting of the Barreleye fish</h2>The discovery was made by researchers from the Schmidt Ocean Institute. The fish belongs to a species named Winteria telescope and was seen at a depth of 2,300 feet, filmed for the first time in its natural habitat. Barreleye fish gets its name from the way its eyes are arranged - two tubular eyes capped with light-sensitive lenses. The interesting part is that they got to see the transparent, fluid-filled dome of the head inside which the eyes are located. Since this dome is extremely delicate, it collapses when the fish is removed from the sea. Hence, humans had never really seen this feature of the Barreleye fish.<h2>Creepiest resident of the deep sea</h2>At 12,000 feet, they found the bigfin squid, belonging to the genus Magnapinna. It is one of the eeriest creatures residing in the deepest portion of the ocean. Scientists used the remotely controlled underwater vehicle SuBastian and the autonomous underwater vehicle The Childlike Empress from the deck of the research vessel Falkor (too) to peer deep into the Atlantic Ocean. Marine scientist Aaron Micallef of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California led the team in this endeavour.&nbsp;"Even in the Atlantic Ocean, where plate boundaries have been studied for decades, there are still places where the first close look can reveal something entirely new," Micallef said. The Doldrums is an active fault system that slices across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, part of the world's longest mountain chain.

The Doldrums fault system, located deep beneath the Atlantic Ocean, has revealed itself as a haunting and creepy zone at a depth of over 13,000 feet. Scientists saw a fish with barrel-like eyes for the first time, along with two never-before-seen hydrothermal fields. 

Scientists have for the first time captured a haunting portion of the Atlantic Ocean spanning 60,000 square kilometres, about the size of Lake Michigan. The Doldrums Megatransform and Fracture Zone consists of tectonic fractures where Earth's crust is being reshaped constantly. At a depth of 13,123 feet, they discovered in this twilight zone two never-before-seen hydrothermal fields. These are regions on the seafloor from which heat and chemicals seep into the ocean from inside Earth, creating the perfect conditions for life to thrive. This region was teeming with shrimps, crabs and anemones, along with a barreleye fish seen for the very first time. First-ever sighting of the Barreleye fish The discovery was made by researchers from the Schmidt Ocean Institute. The fish belongs to a species named Winteria telescope and was seen at a depth of 2,300 feet, filmed for the first time in its natural habitat. Barreleye fish gets its name from the way its eyes are arranged - two tubular eyes capped with light-sensitive lenses. The interesting part is that they got to see the transparent, fluid-filled dome of the head inside which the eyes are located. Since this dome is extremely delicate, it collapses when the fish is removed from the sea. Hence, humans had never really seen this feature of the Barreleye fish. Creepiest resident of the deep sea At 12,000 feet, they found the bigfin squid, belonging to the genus Magnapinna. It is one of the eeriest creatures residing in the deepest portion of the ocean. Scientists used the remotely controlled underwater vehicle SuBastian and the autonomous underwater vehicle The Childlike Empress from the deck of the research vessel Falkor (too) to peer deep into the Atlantic Ocean. Marine scientist Aaron Micallef of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California led the team in this endeavour. "Even in the Atlantic Ocean, where plate boundaries have been studied for decades, there are still places where the first close look can reveal something entirely new," Micallef said. The Doldrums is an active fault system that slices across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, part of the world's longest mountain chain.

The Doldrums fault system, located deep beneath the Atlantic Ocean, has revealed itself as a haunting and creepy zone at a depth of over 13,000 feet. Scientists saw a fish with barrel-like eyes for the first time, along with two never-before-seen hydrothermal fields.&nbsp;

13,123 feet below Atlantic, in the Doldrums, an eerie creature is seen for the first time

A scientist has raised the possibility that humans could have already sent nuclear weapons into space. He has also proposed a method to detect them. Areg Danagoulian, an associate professor of nuclear science and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published a study in the journal Nature, talking about a concept where a satellite-based sensor system can pick up signatures of a thermonuclear weapon. He states in the proof-of-concept study that this system can orbit near a spacecraft suspected of carrying a nuclear weapon and detect neutrons generated by high-energy protons colliding with radioactive material.&nbsp;&nbsp;Knowing this is important even though an explosion in space wouldn't cause any deaths or damage to Earth. However, the satellites already in space would take a direct hit, disrupting communications, GPS, weather forecasting and missile warning systems.<h2>Nuclear radiation can damage satellites</h2>This actually happened in 1962 when the United States detonated the Starfish Prime nuclear test about 400 kilometres above the Pacific Ocean. The radiation damaged one-third of the satellites in low-Earth orbit. The charged electrons entered the inner Van Allen belt, a radiation belt that surrounds Earth. Danagoulian says that this led to a sudden and extreme uptick in the number of electrons in the region. When satellites crossed this portion, their electronics and solar panels degraded several notches. Today, there are way more satellites in Earth's orbit, meaning a nuclear explosion could cause considerable damage.&nbsp;Danagoulian says in the study, "Although the OST is almost 60 years old, it has always lacked robust means of verification for space-based nuclear threats." But creating such a system is challenging, since traditional nuclear detection methods would encounter protons and electrons trapped in the inner Van Allen belt, making it confusing. However, he says that the inner Van Allen Belt can help here.<h2>The Van Allen belt can help</h2>Suppose a satellite with a nuclear weapon passes through this zone that is full of protons and electrons, it is going to emit a huge amount of neutrons. This happens because when high-energy protons slam into heavy elements like uranium, they knock loose neutrons and other particles. Danagoulian says that, depending on the amount and size of uranium, a thermonuclear weapon could emit nearly 40 million neutrons per second in the Van Allen belt.&nbsp;But this alone would not detect the nuclear warhead, which would require a device capable of sorting through all the particle noise in low Earth orbit. His proposed satellite would orbit below the suspect satellite. When they both come across the charged particles, a sensor could remove the incoming protons and only pick up neutron signals.&nbsp;However, the albedo neutrons coming from Earth create another problem, he told Gizmodo, produced by cosmic rays hitting the atmosphere. But the inspector satellite orbiting under the suspect satellite would use directional detection to determine if a neutron came from the satellite or the Earth. Danagoulian admits that his system might be complicated and hopes someone will develop a simple prototype to solve this problem.

Could there already be a nuclear weapon in space? A scientist thinks it is possible. He says that the Outer Space Treaty has no way to detect whether a satellite could have carried a nuke into space. He has developed a method to detect one.  

A scientist has raised the possibility that humans could have already sent nuclear weapons into space. He has also proposed a method to detect them. Areg Danagoulian, an associate professor of nuclear science and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published a study in the journal Nature, talking about a concept where a satellite-based sensor system can pick up signatures of a thermonuclear weapon. He states in the proof-of-concept study that this system can orbit near a spacecraft suspected of carrying a nuclear weapon and detect neutrons generated by high-energy protons colliding with radioactive material. Knowing this is important even though an explosion in space wouldn't cause any deaths or damage to Earth. However, the satellites already in space would take a direct hit, disrupting communications, GPS, weather forecasting and missile warning systems. Nuclear radiation can damage satellites This actually happened in 1962 when the United States detonated the Starfish Prime nuclear test about 400 kilometres above the Pacific Ocean. The radiation damaged one-third of the satellites in low-Earth orbit. The charged electrons entered the inner Van Allen belt, a radiation belt that surrounds Earth. Danagoulian says that this led to a sudden and extreme uptick in the number of electrons in the region. When satellites crossed this portion, their electronics and solar panels degraded several notches. Today, there are way more satellites in Earth's orbit, meaning a nuclear explosion could cause considerable damage. Danagoulian says in the study, "Although the OST is almost 60 years old, it has always lacked robust means of verification for space-based nuclear threats." But creating such a system is challenging, since traditional nuclear detection methods would encounter protons and electrons trapped in the inner Van Allen belt, making it confusing. However, he says that the inner Van Allen Belt can help here. The Van Allen belt can help Suppose a satellite with a nuclear weapon passes through this zone that is full of protons and electrons, it is going to emit a huge amount of neutrons. This happens because when high-energy protons slam into heavy elements like uranium, they knock loose neutrons and other particles. Danagoulian says that, depending on the amount and size of uranium, a thermonuclear weapon could emit nearly 40 million neutrons per second in the Van Allen belt. But this alone would not detect the nuclear warhead, which would require a device capable of sorting through all the particle noise in low Earth orbit. His proposed satellite would orbit below the suspect satellite. When they both come across the charged particles, a sensor could remove the incoming protons and only pick up neutron signals. However, the albedo neutrons coming from Earth create another problem, he told Gizmodo, produced by cosmic rays hitting the atmosphere. But the inspector satellite orbiting under the suspect satellite would use directional detection to determine if a neutron came from the satellite or the Earth. Danagoulian admits that his system might be complicated and hopes someone will develop a simple prototype to solve this problem.

Could there already be a nuclear weapon in space? A scientist thinks it is possible. He says that the Outer Space Treaty has no way to detect whether a satellite could have carried a nuke into space. He has developed a method to detect one. &nbsp;

Scientist says nuclear weapons could be lurking in space undetected. An explosion could trigger chaos above Earth

NASA's next flagship space telescope could change not only how scientists search for life beyond Earth, but also how spacecraft are maintained in orbit.The agency's proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is being designed so that robots not astronauts can repair, upgrade and refuel it throughout its lifetime. If successful, it would become the first major NASA observatory built from the beginning with robotic servicing in mind. The approach could extend the telescope's working life, reduce mission costs and allow new instruments to be added years after launch.<h2>Why is NASA choosing robots?</h2>Unlike the Hubble Space Telescope, which astronauts visited five times using the Space Shuttle, NASA no longer has a vehicle capable of carrying astronauts to every future space observatory. The Habitable Worlds Observatory is expected to operate near the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange Point, about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth. That location is ideal for observing distant planets but is far beyond the reach of today's routine human space missions.Instead of relying on astronauts, NASA wants specialised robotic spacecraft to dock with the telescope, replace faulty components, refuel it and even install upgraded scientific instruments.<h2>A telescope built to search for another Earth</h2>The Habitable Worlds Observatory is expected to become NASA's most ambitious planet-hunting mission since the James Webb Space Telescope. Its main goal is to directly observe Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby stars and analyse their atmospheres for gases such as oxygen, methane and water vapour—possible signs that a planet could support life. The observatory will also study galaxies, black holes, stars and the evolution of the universe, making it a general-purpose space telescope alongside its search for potentially habitable worlds.<h2>Why robotic servicing could change future missions</h2>Designing spacecraft for robotic maintenance represents a major shift in space engineering. Instead of treating telescopes as single-use missions, future observatories could be upgraded much like satellites or even computers. New cameras, spectrometers and other scientific instruments could be installed years after launch, allowing missions to stay scientifically relevant for much longer. NASA has already demonstrated some robotic servicing technologies through missions such as OSAM-1 and continues to work with industry on autonomous space robotics. If the Habitable Worlds Observatory follows its planned roadmap, it could become the first observatory designed to evolve throughout its lifetime keeping humanity's search for alien worlds active for decades without needing astronauts to make the journey.

NASA's proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory will be designed for robotic repairs instead of astronaut servicing. The telescope aims to search for Earth-like planets while allowing robots to refuel, repair and upgrade it, potentially extending its mission for decades.


NASA's next flagship space telescope could change not only how scientists search for life beyond Earth, but also how spacecraft are maintained in orbit. The agency's proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is being designed so that robots not astronauts can repair, upgrade and refuel it throughout its lifetime. If successful, it would become the first major NASA observatory built from the beginning with robotic servicing in mind. The approach could extend the telescope's working life, reduce mission costs and allow new instruments to be added years after launch. Why is NASA choosing robots? Unlike the Hubble Space Telescope, which astronauts visited five times using the Space Shuttle, NASA no longer has a vehicle capable of carrying astronauts to every future space observatory. The Habitable Worlds Observatory is expected to operate near the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange Point, about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth. That location is ideal for observing distant planets but is far beyond the reach of today's routine human space missions. Instead of relying on astronauts, NASA wants specialised robotic spacecraft to dock with the telescope, replace faulty components, refuel it and even install upgraded scientific instruments. A telescope built to search for another Earth The Habitable Worlds Observatory is expected to become NASA's most ambitious planet-hunting mission since the James Webb Space Telescope. Its main goal is to directly observe Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby stars and analyse their atmospheres for gases such as oxygen, methane and water vapour—possible signs that a planet could support life. The observatory will also study galaxies, black holes, stars and the evolution of the universe, making it a general-purpose space telescope alongside its search for potentially habitable worlds. Why robotic servicing could change future missions Designing spacecraft for robotic maintenance represents a major shift in space engineering. Instead of treating telescopes as single-use missions, future observatories could be upgraded much like satellites or even computers. New cameras, spectrometers and other scientific instruments could be installed years after launch, allowing missions to stay scientifically relevant for much longer. NASA has already demonstrated some robotic servicing technologies through missions such as OSAM-1 and continues to work with industry on autonomous space robotics. If the Habitable Worlds Observatory follows its planned roadmap, it could become the first observatory designed to evolve throughout its lifetime keeping humanity's search for alien worlds active for decades without needing astronauts to make the journey.

NASA's proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory will be designed for robotic repairs instead of astronaut servicing. The telescope aims to search for Earth-like planets while allowing robots to refuel, repair and upgrade it, potentially extending its mission for decades.

‘Robots will do the job’: NASA's next alien-hunting telescope won't need astronauts for repairs

A physicist saw time emerge entirely from an isolated system, a mini-universe he created. Giovanni Barontini detailed his experiment in a study published June 11 in the journal Physical Review Research. He aimed to answer the age-old question of where time comes from. Some theories suggest that the universe as a whole is static, and time shouldn't exist at all. Nothing on the outside is affecting it, so how do we experience time? The experimental physicist at the University of Birmingham set out to understand this “problem of time.”<h2>Quantum mini-universe</h2>He tested the idea that time isn't an ingredient of reality, but is the result of how different things inside the universe interact with each other. To test how time could naturally appear without an outside clock, Barontini created his own mini universe in the lab. He used a Bose-Einstein condensate—a unique state of matter that only forms near absolute zero. In these extremely cold conditions, thousands of individual atoms slowed down to a near standstill and behaved as a single quantum “super-particle.”<h2>Simulating Big Bang and Big Crunch</h2>To create the mini universe, the physicist placed the condensate in a trap. He divided it down the middle with a thin sheet of laser light and observed only one half, which he called the "bright sector." Barontini ignored the other part, deliberately deciding not to see it. He noticed that the atoms naturally flowed back and forth across the barrier and occasionally spilt over the barrier. He called the moment they flooded the bright region, the Big Bang, and the Big Crunch, when they flowed back out.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/why-has-the-large-hadron-collider-shut-down-when-will-it-restart-1782998621124">Why has the Large Hadron Collider shut down? When will it restart and other details</a><h2>Entropic time</h2>Instead of using any external laboratory clocks to track the experiment, Barontini wanted to see whether the mini-universe could keep track of its own time. &nbsp;He built an "entropic time" — a clock that measures the disorder or randomness in a system. In this case, it was defined by how much entropy was flowing between the two halves of the system. By tracking this internal change, the physicists could perfectly order the sequence of events without an outside clock.Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/new-theory-suggests-billions-of-mini-universes-could-be-scattered-in-our-own-cosmos-1781512244963">New theory suggests billions of 'mini universes' could be scattered in our own cosmos</a><h2>Time stood still</h2>Barontini even saw time speed up, slow down and stop completely. When atoms were moving rapidly across the barrier, time "sped up." When the flow slowed down, time "slowed down." If the atoms stopped moving and became completely still, time effectively stopped. "Time was speeding up or slowing down, or even stopping, depending on what the system was doing," Barontini told Live Science.<h2>Time, the ultimate illusion</h2>He also found that both time itself and its one-way forward direction might stem from the same source: an observer choosing to ignore information. When he deliberately chose not to look at the dark region, Barontini gave up knowledge about that half of the system. This ignorance, measured as entropy, is precisely what created the flow of time in the observable half.&nbsp;The experiment is the first to successfully generate and control a "sense of time" entirely from inside an isolated system. It proves that time is not necessarily a hard-coded rule of the cosmos. It is an illusion that "emerges" from the internal interactions and changing disorder of matter.

Time is not a physical entity but develops from the relationship between what lies in the universe. A physicist created a mini-universe and saw time emerge in front of him. The experiment proves that time is not a physical rule of the cosmos.   

A physicist saw time emerge entirely from an isolated system, a mini-universe he created. Giovanni Barontini detailed his experiment in a study published June 11 in the journal Physical Review Research. He aimed to answer the age-old question of where time comes from. Some theories suggest that the universe as a whole is static, and time shouldn't exist at all. Nothing on the outside is affecting it, so how do we experience time? The experimental physicist at the University of Birmingham set out to understand this “problem of time.” Quantum mini-universe He tested the idea that time isn't an ingredient of reality, but is the result of how different things inside the universe interact with each other. To test how time could naturally appear without an outside clock, Barontini created his own mini universe in the lab. He used a Bose-Einstein condensate—a unique state of matter that only forms near absolute zero. In these extremely cold conditions, thousands of individual atoms slowed down to a near standstill and behaved as a single quantum “super-particle.” Simulating Big Bang and Big Crunch To create the mini universe, the physicist placed the condensate in a trap. He divided it down the middle with a thin sheet of laser light and observed only one half, which he called the "bright sector." Barontini ignored the other part, deliberately deciding not to see it. He noticed that the atoms naturally flowed back and forth across the barrier and occasionally spilt over the barrier. He called the moment they flooded the bright region, the Big Bang, and the Big Crunch, when they flowed back out. Also Read: Why has the Large Hadron Collider shut down? When will it restart and other details Entropic time Instead of using any external laboratory clocks to track the experiment, Barontini wanted to see whether the mini-universe could keep track of its own time. He built an "entropic time" — a clock that measures the disorder or randomness in a system. In this case, it was defined by how much entropy was flowing between the two halves of the system. By tracking this internal change, the physicists could perfectly order the sequence of events without an outside clock. Also Read: New theory suggests billions of 'mini universes' could be scattered in our own cosmos Time stood still Barontini even saw time speed up, slow down and stop completely. When atoms were moving rapidly across the barrier, time "sped up." When the flow slowed down, time "slowed down." If the atoms stopped moving and became completely still, time effectively stopped. "Time was speeding up or slowing down, or even stopping, depending on what the system was doing," Barontini told Live Science. Time, the ultimate illusion He also found that both time itself and its one-way forward direction might stem from the same source: an observer choosing to ignore information. When he deliberately chose not to look at the dark region, Barontini gave up knowledge about that half of the system. This ignorance, measured as entropy, is precisely what created the flow of time in the observable half. The experiment is the first to successfully generate and control a "sense of time" entirely from inside an isolated system. It proves that time is not necessarily a hard-coded rule of the cosmos. It is an illusion that "emerges" from the internal interactions and changing disorder of matter.

Time is not a physical entity but develops from the relationship between what lies in the universe. A physicist created a mini-universe and saw time emerge in front of him. The experiment proves that time is not a physical rule of the cosmos. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Physicist creates 'mini-universe' in lab and proves time is an illusion

Exploding a nuclear weapon on an incoming asteroid has often been proposed as a way to deflect it and prevent a collision with Earth. A group of Chinese scientists has come up with the best method for nuking an asteroid that would yield the best results. Their paper suggests using "pre-excavation detonation", similar to what we saw in the movie Armageddon. Researchers said in a peer-reviewed study in the journal Space: Science and Technology, "Traditional kinetic impact, or long‑term force deflection methods, offer limited energy and cannot achieve effective deflection within short timeframes."&nbsp;Theoretically, if the asteroid is nearly 330 feet in size, then just exploding a nuclear weapon on the surface might not cut it, they explained. The team, led by Xiaowei Wang from the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, state that a two-pronged approach is required to effectively tackle a large asteroid. This requires creating a deep impact on the space rock. In the "pre-excavation detonation", a device is used to create a deep crater in the asteroid. A nuclear warhead is then placed inside it to "achieve deep detonation".Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/hayabusa2-japan-space-agency-record-close-flyby-of-asteroid-torifune-1783399299374">Probe carries out record flyby of asteroid 100mn km from Earth - ‘It gave me goosebumps’</a><h2>Quick method, or deep impact, which would destroy an asteroid better?</h2>They also tested the quick mode, where the asteroid surface is struck with a nuke to create a shallow crater. They tested both modes, with the energy of a launch vehicle, the velocity of the impact spacecraft, and changes to the velocity of the asteroid as parameters. They were also tested against a "virtual threat asteroid database" with a warning window between one year and 20 years. The "pre-excavation detonation", or the deep impact method, was the clear winner. The researchers wrote that the method would see the spacecraft autonomously choosing the location for the crater to achieve deep detonation.&nbsp;This method would "destroy" 330-foot asteroids and shove the smaller ones. But it could only be carried out if there is enough time. However, if such a mission is ever launched, scientists would need to take into account the composition of an asteroid. For eg, a pile of rubble might need a different approach than a solid rock. But the paper does not say anything about what would happen to the debris, and if Earth could be impacted by it.

Chinese scientists have proposed a deep detonation method to destroy a large asteroid posing a threat to Earth. According to a new paper, it would be best to dig a hole in the asteroid and then place the nuclear warhead for effective results. 

Exploding a nuclear weapon on an incoming asteroid has often been proposed as a way to deflect it and prevent a collision with Earth. A group of Chinese scientists has come up with the best method for nuking an asteroid that would yield the best results. Their paper suggests using "pre-excavation detonation", similar to what we saw in the movie Armageddon. Researchers said in a peer-reviewed study in the journal Space: Science and Technology, "Traditional kinetic impact, or long‑term force deflection methods, offer limited energy and cannot achieve effective deflection within short timeframes." Theoretically, if the asteroid is nearly 330 feet in size, then just exploding a nuclear weapon on the surface might not cut it, they explained. The team, led by Xiaowei Wang from the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, state that a two-pronged approach is required to effectively tackle a large asteroid. This requires creating a deep impact on the space rock. In the "pre-excavation detonation", a device is used to create a deep crater in the asteroid. A nuclear warhead is then placed inside it to "achieve deep detonation". Also Read: Probe carries out record flyby of asteroid 100mn km from Earth - ‘It gave me goosebumps’ Quick method, or deep impact, which would destroy an asteroid better? They also tested the quick mode, where the asteroid surface is struck with a nuke to create a shallow crater. They tested both modes, with the energy of a launch vehicle, the velocity of the impact spacecraft, and changes to the velocity of the asteroid as parameters. They were also tested against a "virtual threat asteroid database" with a warning window between one year and 20 years. The "pre-excavation detonation", or the deep impact method, was the clear winner. The researchers wrote that the method would see the spacecraft autonomously choosing the location for the crater to achieve deep detonation. This method would "destroy" 330-foot asteroids and shove the smaller ones. But it could only be carried out if there is enough time. However, if such a mission is ever launched, scientists would need to take into account the composition of an asteroid. For eg, a pile of rubble might need a different approach than a solid rock. But the paper does not say anything about what would happen to the debris, and if Earth could be impacted by it.

Chinese scientists have proposed a deep detonation method to destroy a large asteroid posing a threat to Earth. According to a new paper, it would be best to dig a hole in the asteroid and then place the nuclear warhead for effective results.&nbsp;

Dig a hole, bury the nuke - Chinese scientists say deep impact strategy best way to destroy dangerous asteroid

Jeremy Hansen, the Canadian astronaut who went to the Moon on his very first mission in space, has announced his retirement.&nbsp;Hansen wrote on X, "Today, I am sharing a significant next step in my journey. This September, after 32 years of military service and 17 years as a Canadian Space Agency astronaut—culminating in the incredible privilege of flying around the Moon on Artemis II—I will be transitioning from my full–time role at the CSA." Even though Hansen has gone to space just once, he has been an astronaut since 2009. He was chosen from a pool of talent under the CSA's astronaut recruitment campaign.&nbsp;Hansen took a trip around the moon from April 1 to 10 with crewmates Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch as part of the Artemis II mission. The four of them became the first humans to leave low-Earth orbit and travel to the lunar satellite in nearly 50 years. They flung around the far side of the Moon, seeing a portion that humans had never seen before, travelling to the farthest point in space ever. &nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Today, I am sharing a significant next step in my journey. This September, after 32 years of military service and 17 years as a Canadian Space Agency astronaut—culminating in the incredible privilege of flying around the Moon on Artemis II—I will be transitioning from my…&mdash; Jeremy R. Hansen (@Astro_Jeremy) <a href="https://x.com/Astro_Jeremy/status/2074181856040452235?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 6, 2026</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.x.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

Hansen further wrote that the Royal Canadian Air Force is moving him into a Reservist role, which will "leave the door open for creative, ongoing ways to support and enable the vital work happening in Canada with respect to space." &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He thanked the Canadian Armed Forces, the CSA, NASA, our international partners, and his family for supporting him.<h2>Reid Wiseman wishes Hansen for his next chapter</h2>His Artemis crewmate, Wiseman, wished him the best of luck for his future endeavours. “Jeremy and I have been on this journey together for 17 years. One thing that’s never changed is Jeremy’s character. He’s thoughtful, humble, steady under pressure, and the kind of person who makes everyone around him better.”&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Can’t wait to see what’s next, my friend!! Feeling grateful today for my Artemis II crewmate and one of my closest friends <a href="https://x.com/Astro_Jeremy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Astro_Jeremy</a>. Jeremy and I have been on this journey together for 17 years. One thing that’s never changed is Jeremy’s character. He’s thoughtful,… <a href="https://t.co/cozYTssMqV">pic.twitter.com/cozYTssMqV</a>&mdash; Reid Wiseman (@astro_reid) <a href="https://x.com/astro_reid/status/2074227491850400157?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 6, 2026</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.x.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

&nbsp;Netizens were shocked by his sudden retirement, which elicited all kinds of reactions. Some thanked him for his service, others said he was leaving too soon, while a few wondered what did he see in space that led him to step down. "Too soon! 😭 Thank you for representing Canada so perfectly and making me proud to be Canadian!" one wrote, while another asked, "Many astronauts step down from active space flight duty after returning to earth. What do you guys see up there that you don’t want to go back?"

Jeremy Hansen, Artemis II astronaut from the Canadian Space Agency, has stepped down from his role after one trip to space. He had been an astronaut since 2009. His Artemis crewmate, Reid Wiseman, posted a heartfelt message for him.  

Jeremy Hansen, the Canadian astronaut who went to the Moon on his very first mission in space, has announced his retirement. Hansen wrote on X, "Today, I am sharing a significant next step in my journey. This September, after 32 years of military service and 17 years as a Canadian Space Agency astronaut—culminating in the incredible privilege of flying around the Moon on Artemis II—I will be transitioning from my full–time role at the CSA." Even though Hansen has gone to space just once, he has been an astronaut since 2009. He was chosen from a pool of talent under the CSA's astronaut recruitment campaign. Hansen took a trip around the moon from April 1 to 10 with crewmates Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch as part of the Artemis II mission. The four of them became the first humans to leave low-Earth orbit and travel to the lunar satellite in nearly 50 years. They flung around the far side of the Moon, seeing a portion that humans had never seen before, travelling to the farthest point in space ever.

Jeremy Hansen, Artemis II astronaut from the Canadian Space Agency, has stepped down from his role after one trip to space. He had been an astronaut since 2009. His Artemis crewmate, Reid Wiseman, posted a heartfelt message for him. &nbsp;

Artemis II astronaut retires after just one trip to space, a user asks, 'What do you guys see up there?'

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), also known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a condition of the liver that affects people with excess weight, obesity or other metabolic conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol. The disease is getting more common, especially in Middle Eastern and Western nations, as the number of people with obesity increases. It is considered the most common form of liver disease in the world, ranging from hepatic steatosis, or formerly fatty liver infiltration or simply fatty liver, to a more severe level of disease known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), also known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). MASH causes the liver to swell and enlarge, a condition medically termed hepatomegaly. The disease triggers fat accumulation within the liver, which directly leads to cellular damage. Over time, MASH can progress to severe liver scarring, known as cirrhosis, or potentially develop into liver cancer. Notably, the resulting injury to the liver tissue closely mirrors the damage typically caused by heavy alcohol consumption. In its early stages, NAFLD is a "silent" disease that rarely causes noticeable symptoms. If any issues do arise, they generally include fatigue, weakness, or mild pain/discomfort in the upper right side of the abdomen. As the disease progresses into NASH/Cirrhosis, more severe symptoms can develop, including yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), swelling in the legs and belly, severe itching, and spider-like blood vessels under the skin.&nbsp;Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/why-saudi-arabia-has-made-its-biggest-oil-price-cut-in-decades-1783419293446">Why Saudi Arabia has made its biggest oil price cut in decades</a><h3>Experts explain how NAFLD happens</h3>In response, experts highlighted that the condition is heavily impacting global healthcare, with "as much as 15-20 per cent of liver transplants happening due to NAFLD-related liver failures." They also explain that NAFLD happens when excess fat infiltrates liver cells (hepatocytes), disrupting their normal activity, which causes inflammation and cell damage. Dr Ankur Garg, Liver Transplant &amp; GI Surgeon, Paras Health Hospital, Gurgaon, said, " To understand non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we need to have one basic understanding that NAFLD is just like excess fat deposition in liver cells (hepatocytes), similarly as it happens in obesity, where excess fat deposits under the skin and around internal organs. When this excess fat infiltrates hepatocytes, it hampers their normal functioning; not only this, it also leads to inflammation and cell damage due to fatty acid oxidation. Not that being overweight or obese is a criterion to have NAFLD, even normal weight people can have NAFLD, it depends on our lifestyle, choices of foods and very important but not common age-appropriate physical activity. Now, the answer to the above question of why incidence is increasing lies in our life patterns, with increasing urbanisation and more use of packaged food, along with a lack of physical activity is major cause of this, and NAFLD is a silent rising epidemic leading to more and more liver diseases. Today, as much as 15-20% of liver transplants are happening due to NAFLD-related liver failures." Similarly, Lakshmi Kale, Head Nutritionist at Nutrition In Sync, highlighted the surge in fatty liver diseases over the past few decades. She noted that this disease develops quietly in the body, forcing people to maintain early awareness and take all the more important. "Fatty liver disease now affects nearly one in three adults worldwide, and the numbers have continued to rise over the past few decades. While that's concerning, it isn't a reason to fear your body. More often than not, fatty liver is the result of everyday modern habits: ultra-processed foods, excess added sugars, poor sleep, chronic stress, and too little movement. It's the liver quietly reflecting the way many of us live today. What makes fatty liver a growing global challenge is that it develops silently. Most people don't experience obvious symptoms until the condition has progressed, making early awareness and prevention all the more important," she said. She also emphasises that the condition is highly manageable if caught early. The liver possesses a unique and remarkable ability among major internal organs to regenerate and repair itself when given the right support. "The hopeful part? The liver is extraordinary. Among our major internal organs, it's unique in its remarkable ability to regenerate and repair itself when given the right support. Nourish it with real, whole foods, balanced nutrition, regular movement, restorative sleep, and sustainable lifestyle habits, and in many cases - especially in the early stages - it can reverse fat accumulation and heal. There are no miracle pills or quick fixes. Just small, consistent choices that allow your body to do what it was designed to do. Your body isn't working against you. It's constantly trying to protect and heal you. Give it the right environment, and it will often respond in truly remarkable ways," she added. &nbsp;

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition of the liver that affects people with excess weight, obesity or other metabolic conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), also known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a condition of the liver that affects people with excess weight, obesity or other metabolic conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol. The disease is getting more common, especially in Middle Eastern and Western nations, as the number of people with obesity increases. It is considered the most common form of liver disease in the world, ranging from hepatic steatosis, or formerly fatty liver infiltration or simply fatty liver, to a more severe level of disease known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), also known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). MASH causes the liver to swell and enlarge, a condition medically termed hepatomegaly. The disease triggers fat accumulation within the liver, which directly leads to cellular damage. Over time, MASH can progress to severe liver scarring, known as cirrhosis, or potentially develop into liver cancer. Notably, the resulting injury to the liver tissue closely mirrors the damage typically caused by heavy alcohol consumption. In its early stages, NAFLD is a "silent" disease that rarely causes noticeable symptoms. If any issues do arise, they generally include fatigue, weakness, or mild pain/discomfort in the upper right side of the abdomen. As the disease progresses into NASH/Cirrhosis, more severe symptoms can develop, including yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), swelling in the legs and belly, severe itching, and spider-like blood vessels under the skin. Also read: Why Saudi Arabia has made its biggest oil price cut in decades Experts explain how NAFLD happens In response, experts highlighted that the condition is heavily impacting global healthcare, with "as much as 15-20 per cent of liver transplants happening due to NAFLD-related liver failures." They also explain that NAFLD happens when excess fat infiltrates liver cells (hepatocytes), disrupting their normal activity, which causes inflammation and cell damage. Dr Ankur Garg, Liver Transplant & GI Surgeon, Paras Health Hospital, Gurgaon, said, " To understand non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we need to have one basic understanding that NAFLD is just like excess fat deposition in liver cells (hepatocytes), similarly as it happens in obesity, where excess fat deposits under the skin and around internal organs. When this excess fat infiltrates hepatocytes, it hampers their normal functioning; not only this, it also leads to inflammation and cell damage due to fatty acid oxidation. Not that being overweight or obese is a criterion to have NAFLD, even normal weight people can have NAFLD, it depends on our lifestyle, choices of foods and very important but not common age-appropriate physical activity. Now, the answer to the above question of why incidence is increasing lies in our life patterns, with increasing urbanisation and more use of packaged food, along with a lack of physical activity is major cause of this, and NAFLD is a silent rising epidemic leading to more and more liver diseases. Today, as much as 15-20% of liver transplants are happening due to NAFLD-related liver failures." Similarly, Lakshmi Kale, Head Nutritionist at Nutrition In Sync, highlighted the surge in fatty liver diseases over the past few decades. She noted that this disease develops quietly in the body, forcing people to maintain early awareness and take all the more important. "Fatty liver disease now affects nearly one in three adults worldwide, and the numbers have continued to rise over the past few decades. While that's concerning, it isn't a reason to fear your body. More often than not, fatty liver is the result of everyday modern habits: ultra-processed foods, excess added sugars, poor sleep, chronic stress, and too little movement. It's the liver quietly reflecting the way many of us live today. What makes fatty liver a growing global challenge is that it develops silently. Most people don't experience obvious symptoms until the condition has progressed, making early awareness and prevention all the more important," she said. She also emphasises that the condition is highly manageable if caught early. The liver possesses a unique and remarkable ability among major internal organs to regenerate and repair itself when given the right support. "The hopeful part? The liver is extraordinary. Among our major internal organs, it's unique in its remarkable ability to regenerate and repair itself when given the right support. Nourish it with real, whole foods, balanced nutrition, regular movement, restorative sleep, and sustainable lifestyle habits, and in many cases - especially in the early stages - it can reverse fat accumulation and heal. There are no miracle pills or quick fixes. Just small, consistent choices that allow your body to do what it was designed to do. Your body isn't working against you. It's constantly trying to protect and heal you. Give it the right environment, and it will often respond in truly remarkable ways," she added.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition of the liver that affects people with excess weight, obesity or other metabolic conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol.

Why is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease emerging as global public health challenge? Experts explain

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