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The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile houses the world's most powerful survey telescope with the largest digital camera ever built by humans, and it is about to drop its first pictures. The US National Science Foundation and Department of Energy will reveal the telescope's first observations on June 23. It will be the start of a whole new era in astronomy and the human quest to know what lies beyond Earth. Rubin has been in the works for 20 years after being first proposed in 2001. It will capture images of the sky regularly and piece together a huge time-lapse of its observations. This will happen over a period of 10 years, where it will survey the southern sky called the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in near-ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared wavelengths.The telescope has a 3,200-megapixel camera, which it will use to scan each section of the sky 800 times. A whopping 20 terabytes of data will be generated every 24 hours. When it carries out LSST, it will gather nearly 60 petabytes of raw image data. This is almost double of what the Murchison Widefield Array collected during the same time frame.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/pale-blue-dot-earth-was-once-a-purple-planet-and-maybe-even-pink-1750326834927">The 'pale blue dot' was once a purple planet, and maybe even pink</a>&nbsp;Scientists are psyched about Rubin and believe it will capture amazing things in the universe, things that have never been seen till now, and answer questions that humans haven't even thought about yet. "Rubin's combination of speed, wide field of view, and sensitive camera expands the limits of what a telescope can do," the NSF and DOE said."No other telescope has been able to detect both real-time changes in the sky and faint or distant objects at the same time on this enormous scale. These capabilities mean that exceedingly rare events in the sky, never detected before, will be captured for the first time."The Rubin release is such a huge event that astronomy enthusiasts are organising watch parties to let people get the first look at images released by the telescope. It is scheduled to happen on June 23, 2025, at 11:00 ET, or 8:30 pm IST. It will also be available on YouTube on the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv22_Amsreo">Rubin Observatory channel</a>. &nbsp;

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile houses the world's most powerful survey telescope with the largest digital camera ever built by humans, and it is about to drop its first pictures.  

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile houses the world's most powerful survey telescope with the largest digital camera ever built by humans, and it is about to drop its first pictures. The US National Science Foundation and Department of Energy will reveal the telescope's first observations on June 23. It will be the start of a whole new era in astronomy and the human quest to know what lies beyond Earth. Rubin has been in the works for 20 years after being first proposed in 2001. It will capture images of the sky regularly and piece together a huge time-lapse of its observations. This will happen over a period of 10 years, where it will survey the southern sky called the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in near-ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared wavelengths. The telescope has a 3,200-megapixel camera, which it will use to scan each section of the sky 800 times. A whopping 20 terabytes of data will be generated every 24 hours. When it carries out LSST, it will gather nearly 60 petabytes of raw image data. This is almost double of what the Murchison Widefield Array collected during the same time frame. Also Read: The 'pale blue dot' was once a purple planet, and maybe even pink Scientists are psyched about Rubin and believe it will capture amazing things in the universe, things that have never been seen till now, and answer questions that humans haven't even thought about yet. "Rubin's combination of speed, wide field of view, and sensitive camera expands the limits of what a telescope can do," the NSF and DOE said. "No other telescope has been able to detect both real-time changes in the sky and faint or distant objects at the same time on this enormous scale. These capabilities mean that exceedingly rare events in the sky, never detected before, will be captured for the first time." The Rubin release is such a huge event that astronomy enthusiasts are organising watch parties to let people get the first look at images released by the telescope. It is scheduled to happen on June 23, 2025, at 11:00 ET, or 8:30 pm IST. It will also be available on YouTube on the Rubin Observatory channel.

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile houses the world's most powerful survey telescope with the largest digital camera ever built by humans, and it is about to drop its first pictures. &nbsp;

World's most powerful telescope is about to drop its first pictures. How to watch

Using AI models to do your writing can make you dumb, a study has found. It found that students who use ChatGPT and other large language models (LLM) to write essays had poorer memory, reduced brain activity and weaker engagement compared to those who didn't rely on AI for their work. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab carried out experiments to gauge how the brain responded in 54 students. They were made to write essays, and their electrical activity in the brain was measured. They were divided into three groups - one that used ChatGPT, another that used Google and the third had no external help. They published their study in the paper 'Your brain on ChatGPT'.&nbsp;Researchers checked their performance and how their brains underwent slight changes over four months. They noticed a "measurable impact" on the group that used ChatGPT to write the essays. They also registered a "likely decrease in learning skills" of the AI group.&nbsp;Using ChatGPT did make their work look impressive, but in the long run, they "performed worse than their counterparts in the brain-only group at all levels: neural, linguistic, scoring across a four-month period."&nbsp;<h2>ChatGPT writers did not use their brains as much</h2>&nbsp;Overall, they concluded that people who depended on ChatGPT for writing used their brains less. Since they didn't write their essays, they had a hard time recalling what they wrote, who they quoted, etc. In fact, they did not feel any ownership of their content because it was completely AI-generated.&nbsp;"Moderate engagement" was seen in those who used Google to write their essays. The group that worked without any help had high brain activity and used original ideas in their content.When the third group was asked to use ChatGPT to write another essay, their brain activity continued to soar, as measured by electroencephalogram scans (EEGs).&nbsp;&nbsp;This was probably because instead of completely relying on ChatGPT to do the work, they tried combining it with their own knowledge. However, when the ChatGPT group was asked to write essays on their own, their brain activity continued to fall.&nbsp;

 ChatGPT has become a popular tool for writing. But there is a risk of becoming stupid and dumb, according to a new study.

Using AI models to do your writing can make you dumb, a study has found. It found that students who use ChatGPT and other large language models (LLM) to write essays had poorer memory, reduced brain activity and weaker engagement compared to those who didn't rely on AI for their work. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab carried out experiments to gauge how the brain responded in 54 students. They were made to write essays, and their electrical activity in the brain was measured. They were divided into three groups - one that used ChatGPT, another that used Google and the third had no external help. They published their study in the paper 'Your brain on ChatGPT'. Researchers checked their performance and how their brains underwent slight changes over four months. They noticed a "measurable impact" on the group that used ChatGPT to write the essays. They also registered a "likely decrease in learning skills" of the AI group. Using ChatGPT did make their work look impressive, but in the long run, they "performed worse than their counterparts in the brain-only group at all levels: neural, linguistic, scoring across a four-month period." ChatGPT writers did not use their brains as much Overall, they concluded that people who depended on ChatGPT for writing used their brains less. Since they didn't write their essays, they had a hard time recalling what they wrote, who they quoted, etc. In fact, they did not feel any ownership of their content because it was completely AI-generated. "Moderate engagement" was seen in those who used Google to write their essays. The group that worked without any help had high brain activity and used original ideas in their content. When the third group was asked to use ChatGPT to write another essay, their brain activity continued to soar, as measured by electroencephalogram scans (EEGs). This was probably because instead of completely relying on ChatGPT to do the work, they tried combining it with their own knowledge. However, when the ChatGPT group was asked to write essays on their own, their brain activity continued to fall.

&nbsp;ChatGPT has become a popular tool for writing. But there is a risk of becoming stupid and dumb, according to a new study.

ChatGPT makes you dumb, study confirms, states AI followers use their brains less

Another month, another astronomical event, and this month the summer solstice. The event that marks the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere.People in the Northern Hemisphere will witness the longest day of the year, the June Solstice, which takes place on either June 20 or June 21, depending on your time zone.What is the summer solstice?The summer solstice, often referred to as the June Solstice, marks the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere. Occurring on either June 20 or June 21, depending on your time zone, it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere with early sunrises, late sunsets, short nights, and extended daylight. On this day, the sun reaches its highest position in the sky.What’s the science behind it?The summer solstice occurs when Earth’s axis is tilted most directly toward the Sun. According to NASA, this change in season is due to the 23.5-degree tilt of the Earth’s axis compared to its orbit around the sun, allowing the most direct sunlight to reach the Northern Hemisphere this month.Earth’s axial tilt causes seasonal changes. During the June Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere receives the most direct sunlight, resulting in the year's longest day. &nbsp;Meanwhile, the Southern Hemisphere experiences its shortest day, marking the start of winter in countries like Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand.Cultural significanceThe summer solstice holds profound cultural and practical importance. It influences religious rituals, guides agricultural practices such as determining when to harvest crops, and plays a key role in the development of various calendars worldwide.When is the summer solstice in 2025?In 2025, the summer solstice will begin at 2:42 UTC on June 21 and 10:42 p.m. EDT on June 20.&nbsp;

Summer Solstice explained - what it is, time and understanding the science behind Earth's longest day

Another month, another astronomical event, and this month the summer solstice. The event that marks the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere. People in the Northern Hemisphere will witness the longest day of the year, the June Solstice, which takes place on either June 20 or June 21, depending on your time zone. What is the summer solstice? The summer solstice, often referred to as the June Solstice, marks the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere. Occurring on either June 20 or June 21, depending on your time zone, it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere with early sunrises, late sunsets, short nights, and extended daylight. On this day, the sun reaches its highest position in the sky. What’s the science behind it? The summer solstice occurs when Earth’s axis is tilted most directly toward the Sun. According to NASA, this change in season is due to the 23.5-degree tilt of the Earth’s axis compared to its orbit around the sun, allowing the most direct sunlight to reach the Northern Hemisphere this month. Earth’s axial tilt causes seasonal changes. During the June Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere receives the most direct sunlight, resulting in the year's longest day. Meanwhile, the Southern Hemisphere experiences its shortest day, marking the start of winter in countries like Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. Cultural significance The summer solstice holds profound cultural and practical importance. It influences religious rituals, guides agricultural practices such as determining when to harvest crops, and plays a key role in the development of various calendars worldwide. When is the summer solstice in 2025? In 2025, the summer solstice will begin at 2:42 UTC on June 21 and 10:42 p.m. EDT on June 20.

People in the Northern Hemisphere will witness the longest day of the year, the June Solstice, which takes place on either June 20 or June 21, depending on your time zone.

Summer Solstice explained - what it is, time and understand the science behind Earth's longest day

Asteroids zoom freely in deep, dark space. Sometimes, they come pretty close to Earth. Several space rocks are on course to smash into Earth in the future. Here are the five most dangerous asteroids for Earth. 

Asteroids zoom freely in deep, dark space. Sometimes, they come pretty close to Earth. Several space rocks are on course to smash into Earth in the future. Here are the five most dangerous asteroids for Earth.&nbsp;

5 asteroids that have a high chance of hitting Earth in future...and 1 that scared us all

The "city-killer" asteroid that is projected to smash into the Moon in 2032 will damage Earth's satellites as it makes its sojourn towards us. Scientists have discovered that even though asteroid 2024 YR4 will miss our planet, it will pose a “potential danger” to our satellites and even astronauts on the International Space Station.&nbsp;Recently, new observations made into the asteroid increased the chances of it hitting the moon from 3.8 to 4.3 per cent. Astronomers around the world have been studying the asteroid to understand more about it. At one point, it threatened to collide with Earth. However, later calculations showed that Earth is safe, but the moon is not.&nbsp;Now, scientists from the University of Western Ontario have revealed the expected aftermath of the asteroid, both for Earth and the Moon. The space rock will release energy equivalent to 6.5 megatons of TNT upon impact with our lunar satellite. This is way more than the energy released by the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945 during World War II, which stood at nearly 0.015 megatons of TNT.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/asteroid-2024-yr4-moon-earth-collision-2032-space-rock-1749628743606">What will happen on Dec 22, 2032? Not good things for our Moon, as scientists await major event</a>&nbsp;The asteroid will also gouge a crater nearly one kilometre in diameter on its surface. The debris generated by the asteroid crash will weigh a whopping 100,000,000kg. The study by the Ontario scientists is yet to be peer reviewed.&nbsp;This debris will be a problem for Earth that will continue to be hit by lunar material for days, and probably even years. According to the researchers, 10 per cent of this debris could “accrete to the Earth on timescales of a few days”. The satellites hovering over Earth will take the hit from the resulting meteorites.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-something-unexpected-moving-2-700km-under-earth-s-surface-1750225822229">Scientists discover someting unexpected moving 2,700km under Earth's surface</a>&nbsp;“Of primary concern are ejecta particles above the impact hazard threshold (0.1 mm) for satellites delivered directly to low Earth orbit on relatively short timescales – days to months – and that could pose a hazard to spacecraft," the study states.&nbsp;The scale of damage and destruction to Earth's satellites will depend on the location where the asteroid hits the Moon, and will be the most critical factor. The size of the crater and the amount of debris released will also impact how much and for how long the satellites are impacted.&nbsp;“Because the moon is orbiting the Earth at approximately 1km per second, for ejected material to reach Earth quickly, the impacting object needs to hit the trailing edge of the moon,” it says.The scientists simulated the asteroid in 10,000 ways and noted that it hit the Moon in 410 of them. Right now, it is estimated that the asteroid will hit its southern hemisphere.&nbsp;&nbsp;“This will all occur during the few days of maximum ejecta delivery from a 2024 YR4 impact," researchers say.By 2032, Earth will have even more satellites than it has today. This greatly increases the chances of a clash happening above the planet when asteroid 2024 YR4 strikes the Moon. &nbsp;

The "city-killer" asteroid will not only smash into the Moon, but also release such a huge amount of debris that Earth's satellites and even astronauts will be in danger for days, even years.

The "city-killer" asteroid that is projected to smash into the Moon in 2032 will damage Earth's satellites as it makes its sojourn towards us. Scientists have discovered that even though asteroid 2024 YR4 will miss our planet, it will pose a “potential danger” to our satellites and even astronauts on the International Space Station. Recently, new observations made into the asteroid increased the chances of it hitting the moon from 3.8 to 4.3 per cent. Astronomers around the world have been studying the asteroid to understand more about it. At one point, it threatened to collide with Earth. However, later calculations showed that Earth is safe, but the moon is not. Now, scientists from the University of Western Ontario have revealed the expected aftermath of the asteroid, both for Earth and the Moon. The space rock will release energy equivalent to 6.5 megatons of TNT upon impact with our lunar satellite. This is way more than the energy released by the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945 during World War II, which stood at nearly 0.015 megatons of TNT. Also Read: What will happen on Dec 22, 2032? Not good things for our Moon, as scientists await major event The asteroid will also gouge a crater nearly one kilometre in diameter on its surface. The debris generated by the asteroid crash will weigh a whopping 100,000,000kg. The study by the Ontario scientists is yet to be peer reviewed. This debris will be a problem for Earth that will continue to be hit by lunar material for days, and probably even years. According to the researchers, 10 per cent of this debris could “accrete to the Earth on timescales of a few days”. The satellites hovering over Earth will take the hit from the resulting meteorites. Also Read: Scientists discover someting unexpected moving 2,700km under Earth's surface “Of primary concern are ejecta particles above the impact hazard threshold (0.1 mm) for satellites delivered directly to low Earth orbit on relatively short timescales – days to months – and that could pose a hazard to spacecraft," the study states. The scale of damage and destruction to Earth's satellites will depend on the location where the asteroid hits the Moon, and will be the most critical factor. The size of the crater and the amount of debris released will also impact how much and for how long the satellites are impacted. “Because the moon is orbiting the Earth at approximately 1km per second, for ejected material to reach Earth quickly, the impacting object needs to hit the trailing edge of the moon,” it says. The scientists simulated the asteroid in 10,000 ways and noted that it hit the Moon in 410 of them. Right now, it is estimated that the asteroid will hit its southern hemisphere. “This will all occur during the few days of maximum ejecta delivery from a 2024 YR4 impact," researchers say. By 2032, Earth will have even more satellites than it has today. This greatly increases the chances of a clash happening above the planet when asteroid 2024 YR4 strikes the Moon.

The "city-killer" asteroid will not only smash into the Moon, but also release such a huge amount of debris that Earth's satellites and even astronauts will be in danger for days, even years.

'City-killer' asteroid will gouge 1km crater in Moon, releasing debris that will threaten Earth for years

Scientists in Chile have discovered a tiny predator living 26,246 feet below the surface of the ocean. The Atacama Trench, also known as the Peru-Chile Trench, is one of the deepest trenches known to man. This region is completely dark, and this predator lives its entire life nestled here.The predator is a crustacean that has been named "Dulcibella camanchaca" and is only four centimetres long.&nbsp;&nbsp;Since it lives at such a deep point in the ocean, it can withstand pressures up to 800 times stronger than pressures found on land. The name translates to "darkness" in the local language of the people in the Andes. Researchers published details about the discovery in the journal Systematics and Biodiversity.&nbsp;The Atacama Trench runs for 6,000 kilometres along the coast. However, it plunges even further, to almost 25,246 ft off the coast of northern Chile. This is within the deepest part of the ocean, known as the Hadal zone.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-something-unexpected-moving-2-700km-under-earth-s-surface-1750225822229">Scientists discover someting unexpected moving 2,700km under Earth's surface</a>&nbsp;The samples of the crustacean were discovered in this region in 2023. Researchers at the Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO)—based at Universidad de Concepción in Chile- carried out a deep ocean survey and pulled out samples of the predator. They were frozen and later studied through genomic analysis.The "DNA and morphology data pointed to this species being a new genus," researchers wrote in the study. Johanna Weston, lead author of the study and expert on the Hadal zone from WHOI, said in a statement that this indicates "the Atacama Trench is an endemic hotspot."D. camanchaca not only looks like an alien, but also hunts in the most horrifying and violent way. It has raptorial appendages, limb-like features that it uses to grasp its prey. It swoops in with it and holds down smaller crustaceans to kill them.“This finding underlines the importance of continued deep-ocean exploration, particularly in Chile’s front yard,” IMO’s Carolina González, co-lead author of the study, said in a press statement.Scientists plan to conduct more studies in the Atacama Trench. Finding a new creature once again proves that there is a lot more that is hiding in the heart of the world's oceans. &nbsp;

The tiny predator is a crustacean that spends its entire life at depths where it is always dark. It uses a killer method to overpower its prey.

Scientists in Chile have discovered a tiny predator living 26,246 feet below the surface of the ocean. The Atacama Trench, also known as the Peru-Chile Trench, is one of the deepest trenches known to man. This region is completely dark, and this predator lives its entire life nestled here. The predator is a crustacean that has been named "Dulcibella camanchaca" and is only four centimetres long. Since it lives at such a deep point in the ocean, it can withstand pressures up to 800 times stronger than pressures found on land. The name translates to "darkness" in the local language of the people in the Andes. Researchers published details about the discovery in the journal Systematics and Biodiversity. The Atacama Trench runs for 6,000 kilometres along the coast. However, it plunges even further, to almost 25,246 ft off the coast of northern Chile. This is within the deepest part of the ocean, known as the Hadal zone. Also Read: Scientists discover someting unexpected moving 2,700km under Earth's surface The samples of the crustacean were discovered in this region in 2023. Researchers at the Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO)—based at Universidad de Concepción in Chile- carried out a deep ocean survey and pulled out samples of the predator. They were frozen and later studied through genomic analysis. The "DNA and morphology data pointed to this species being a new genus," researchers wrote in the study. Johanna Weston, lead author of the study and expert on the Hadal zone from WHOI, said in a statement that this indicates "the Atacama Trench is an endemic hotspot." D. camanchaca not only looks like an alien, but also hunts in the most horrifying and violent way. It has raptorial appendages, limb-like features that it uses to grasp its prey. It swoops in with it and holds down smaller crustaceans to kill them. “This finding underlines the importance of continued deep-ocean exploration, particularly in Chile’s front yard,” IMO’s Carolina González, co-lead author of the study, said in a press statement. Scientists plan to conduct more studies in the Atacama Trench. Finding a new creature once again proves that there is a lot more that is hiding in the heart of the world's oceans.

The tiny predator is a crustacean that spends its entire life at depths where it is always dark. It uses a killer method to overpower its prey.

Predator discovered 26,246 feet deep inside the ocean is only 4 centimetres long

Scientists have found proof that the insides of the Earth are highly active. The discovery was made at a depth of 2,700km, where the team from ETH Zurich said that solid rock is in constant motion. Flowing rock might sound like a strange term, but the researchers say that's the consistency of the rock."Our discovery shows that the Earth is not only active on the surface, but is also in motion deep inside," said lead author Professor Motohiko Murakami.&nbsp;"We have finally found the last piece of the puzzle."&nbsp;It is neither liquid nor hard and brittle like the regular rocks found on the surface. Instead, it is like boiling water in a pot and moves on convection currents. The next step is to map the hidden currents of solid rock deep inside the Earth.&nbsp;Further studies into the flowing rock could also pinpoint the energy that powers volcanoes, earthquakes, tectonic plates, and the Earth's magnetic field.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/us-military-video-shows-strange-flying-disc-over-afghan-pakistan-border-1750221595672">US military footage shows strange flying disc over Afghan-Pakistan border. Watch</a>&nbsp;Scientists studied a part of the Earth's mantle known as the D' layer. It is seen as a strange region since seismic waves from earthquakes hit high speeds every time they hit this layer. They think it is because of the presence of a different type of material here. Murakami had earlier discovered that perovskite, the material which makes up most of the lower mantle, transforms into a new mineral around the D' layer when there is extreme heat and pressure, called post-perovskite.&nbsp;&nbsp;He pointed out that this is why seismic waves started behaving strangely when they hit this portion.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/did-nasa-find-life-on-mars-in-2013-curiosity-photo-of-a-mushroom-raises-suspicion-1750216019369">Did NASA find life on Mars in 2013? Curiosity photo of a 'mushroom' raises suspicion</a>&nbsp;However, they argued that this phenomenon alone could not explain the change in speed of seismic waves. Professor Murakami knew that when seismic waves travelled through harder material, they sped up.&nbsp;So he created the conditions in Earth's mantle in a laboratory. As part of the experiment, he crushed tiny grains of perovskite at pressures up to 115 gigapascals, over 16 million pounds per square inch. This helped him replicate the conditions of the D' layer. He found that the crystals in the post-perovskite lined up in the same direction.&nbsp;He tested this area and found that only this specific alignment could cause the seismic waves to travel faster. They argued that something was happening around the D' layer that forced the crystals to face the same direction. This led them to conclude that solid rock was flowing horizontally along the boundary between the Earth's mantle and the core.&nbsp;

A mysterious zone in Earth's mantle is constantly in motion. Scientists have discovered that something is travelling deep inside the planet.

Scientists have found proof that the insides of the Earth are highly active. The discovery was made at a depth of 2,700km, where the team from ETH Zurich said that solid rock is in constant motion. Flowing rock might sound like a strange term, but the researchers say that's the consistency of the rock. "Our discovery shows that the Earth is not only active on the surface, but is also in motion deep inside," said lead author Professor Motohiko Murakami. "We have finally found the last piece of the puzzle." It is neither liquid nor hard and brittle like the regular rocks found on the surface. Instead, it is like boiling water in a pot and moves on convection currents. The next step is to map the hidden currents of solid rock deep inside the Earth. Further studies into the flowing rock could also pinpoint the energy that powers volcanoes, earthquakes, tectonic plates, and the Earth's magnetic field. Also Read: US military footage shows strange flying disc over Afghan-Pakistan border. Watch Scientists studied a part of the Earth's mantle known as the D' layer. It is seen as a strange region since seismic waves from earthquakes hit high speeds every time they hit this layer. They think it is because of the presence of a different type of material here. Murakami had earlier discovered that perovskite, the material which makes up most of the lower mantle, transforms into a new mineral around the D' layer when there is extreme heat and pressure, called post-perovskite. He pointed out that this is why seismic waves started behaving strangely when they hit this portion. Also Read: Did NASA find life on Mars in 2013? Curiosity photo of a 'mushroom' raises suspicion However, they argued that this phenomenon alone could not explain the change in speed of seismic waves. Professor Murakami knew that when seismic waves travelled through harder material, they sped up. So he created the conditions in Earth's mantle in a laboratory. As part of the experiment, he crushed tiny grains of perovskite at pressures up to 115 gigapascals, over 16 million pounds per square inch. This helped him replicate the conditions of the D' layer. He found that the crystals in the post-perovskite lined up in the same direction. He tested this area and found that only this specific alignment could cause the seismic waves to travel faster. They argued that something was happening around the D' layer that forced the crystals to face the same direction. This led them to conclude that solid rock was flowing horizontally along the boundary between the Earth's mantle and the core.

A mysterious zone in Earth's mantle is constantly in motion. Scientists have discovered that something is travelling deep inside the planet.

Scientists discover something unexpected moving 2,700km under Earth's surface

A footage of a flying saucer recorded in 2020 over the Afghan-Pakistan border has now been released to the public. Investigative journalists Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp, who made it public on Tuesday, claim that government officials shot the video. The Department of Defense called the disc a UAP - unidentified anomalous phenomena.&nbsp;Military footage has often recorded 'tic-tac'-shaped UFOs in the past, and the department says that this object appears different from those. The UFO can be seen moving in and out of the clouds in the video. It is between 200 and 400 meters in diameter, although it is hard to tell its exact size.&nbsp;The researchers spoke about the footage of the flying saucer on their podcast Weaponized."There's depth of field. There's relative distance. The shape is undeniable," Corbell said.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/-futuristic-ufo-buga-sphere-has-wires-increased-in-weight-invisible-energy-dried-up-grass-around-it-shocking-claims-by-mexican-scientists-1749546077492">UFO Buga sphere has wires; 'invisible energy' dried up grass around it, SHOCKING claims by Mexican scientists</a>&nbsp;"And the movement? It's extraordinary. You're seeing it dip into clouds, then emerge and reverse direction. That's not an artefact. That's a real object in motion."&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">BREAKING: NEW UAP FOOTAGE -Is it a sphere? The lighting/reflection on the “bottom” is uncommon in IR. May be spherical? -90° turn? (Moves cloud to cloud?) -Symbology looks legit (Wescam IR camera), filmed close to Afghan/Pakistan border -Any evidence of CGI? Camera artifacts? <a href="https://t.co/R7njUUX6hl">https://t.co/R7njUUX6hl</a> <a href="https://t.co/ekMmLYkMwz">pic.twitter.com/ekMmLYkMwz</a>&mdash; MarikvR (@MvonRen) <a href="https://twitter.com/MvonRen/status/1935058767059824857?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 17, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

The two researchers say the footage is 100 per cent “real and legit”, since they spent two years investigating it and checked its authenticity with multiple sources. They also checked the video with government officials who work in the US government UFO programmes.&nbsp;Not only Corbell and Knapp, but several other officials have also studied the footage for years, but it was always intended to remain a secret.&nbsp;"It was not supposed to be made public. But it should've been."&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/warmongers-will-hide-in-bunkers-as-the-world-burns-from-a-nuclear-holocaust-tulsi-gabbard-issues-chilling-warning-1749613126713">Warmongers will hide in 'bunkers' as the world burns from a 'nuclear holocaust', Tulsi Gabbard issues chilling warning</a>&nbsp;Corbell told DailyMail.com that this is the first time that "military-filmed footage of a disc-shaped UAP, designated as such by the military, has been captured on camera and released to the public."Corbell and Knapp accessed internal government slides, according to which the footage was captured "during a reconnaissance mission by a high-altitude Air Force platform."&nbsp;The videos released include raw thermal imagery, along with two additional enhanced clips. It shows the disc zooming in a strange manner in and out of the clouds and has an unusual heat signature. They argue that since they were captured on a thermal sensor, heat should have been detected if any traditional propulsion was present. "But there's nothing. That's one of the wildest aspects."&nbsp;"You do not see plumes of heat coming off this disc-shaped object," Corbell said.&nbsp;A regular aircraft on Earth uses jet or propeller engines, which leave trails in the sky. But in this case, no such occurrence seems to have happened.&nbsp;

Video of a flying saucer shot by government officials over the Afghanistan-Pakistan border has been released. The object can be seen zooming in and out of the clouds without a trace of heat. 

A footage of a flying saucer recorded in 2020 over the Afghan-Pakistan border has now been released to the public. Investigative journalists Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp, who made it public on Tuesday, claim that government officials shot the video. The Department of Defense called the disc a UAP - unidentified anomalous phenomena. Military footage has often recorded 'tic-tac'-shaped UFOs in the past, and the department says that this object appears different from those. The UFO can be seen moving in and out of the clouds in the video. It is between 200 and 400 meters in diameter, although it is hard to tell its exact size. The researchers spoke about the footage of the flying saucer on their podcast Weaponized. "There's depth of field. There's relative distance. The shape is undeniable," Corbell said. Also Read: UFO Buga sphere has wires; 'invisible energy' dried up grass around it, SHOCKING claims by Mexican scientists "And the movement? It's extraordinary. You're seeing it dip into clouds, then emerge and reverse direction. That's not an artefact. That's a real object in motion."

Video of a flying saucer shot by government officials over the Afghanistan-Pakistan border has been released. The object can be seen zooming in and out of the clouds without a trace of heat.&nbsp;

US military footage shows strange flying disc over Afghan-Pakistan border. Watch

Axiom Mission 4 &nbsp;launch delayed again, now set for 22 June due to space station repairsThe new launch date came after NASA reviewed ISS systems. The launch of Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) has been delayed again. The mission, which includes Indian astronaut Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, is now expected to launch on 22 June 2025, according to Axiom Space.&nbsp;Earlier, the launch had been postponed due to a liquid oxygen (LOX) leak detected during a routine booster inspection by SpaceX.&nbsp;Axiom Space announced the update, “NASA, Axiom Space, and SpaceX are now targeting no earlier than Sunday, June 22, for launch of the fourth private astronaut mission to the International Space Station, Axiom Mission 4. The change in a targeted launch date provides NASA time to continue evaluating space station operations after recent repair work in the aft (back) most segment of the International Space Station’s Zvezda service module.

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">The <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ax4?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Ax4</a> crew remains in quarantine in Florida to maintain all medical and safety protocols. The crew is in good health and high spirits and looks forward to launch! <a href="https://t.co/0HLGPhJm0I">https://t.co/0HLGPhJm0I</a> <a href="https://t.co/aCdmj2In03">pic.twitter.com/aCdmj2In03</a>&mdash; Axiom Space (@Axiom_Space) <a href="https://twitter.com/Axiom_Space/status/1935167090723279231?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 18, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

<h2>Shubhanshu Shukla to pilot Axiom Mission 4&nbsp;</h2>This mission holds historic value for India, as Shubhanshu Shukla is set to become the second Indian astronaut in space and the first to visit the ISS. It marks India’s return to human spaceflight after over 40 years, since Rakesh Sharma’s mission in 1984.&nbsp;The Ax-4 crew also includes ESA astronaut Sławosz Uznański from Poland, Tibor Kapu from Hungary, and mission commander Peggy Whitson, a former NASA astronaut. It is the first government-sponsored space mission for India, Poland, and Hungary in over four decades.&nbsp;Whitson will be leading her second commercial human spaceflight, while the other astronauts will be representing their countries for the first time aboard the ISS.<h2>Mission overview&nbsp;</h2>The Ax-4 mission is expected to last up to 14 days, during which the crew will conduct over 60 scientific experiments across 31 countries. Research areas include human health, material sciences, biological studies, and Earth observation.&nbsp;The mission is also part of Axiom Space’s long-term goal to develop the first commercial space station. It highlights how international collaboration can accelerate space innovation and microgravity research.&nbsp;Countries contributing to the scientific programme include India, Poland, Hungary, the United States, UAE, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil, among others. The experiments will help develop future space technologies and offer insights into life sciences in space.<h2>Crew remains in quarantine till launch on 22 June</h2>The Ax-4 crew remains in quarantine in Florida, following medical and safety protocols. According to Axiom Space, the astronauts are in good health and high spirits as they await launch from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Teams from <a href="https://twitter.com/isro?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@isro</a>, Poland, and Hungary engaged in a detailed discussion with <a href="https://twitter.com/Axiom_Space?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Axiom_Space</a> regarding the probable launch timeline of Axiom Mission 4. Following this, <a href="https://twitter.com/Axiom_Space?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Axiom_Space</a> held consultations with <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@NASA</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/SpaceX?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SpaceX</a> to assess multiple readiness parameters. Based on the…&mdash; ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1935185556339937428?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 18, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

Axiom mission 4 launch delayed to 22 june due to iss repairs. indian astronaut shubhanshu shukla to lead historic mission with international crew, conducting around 60+ experiments in space for global research.

Axiom Mission 4 launch delayed again, now set for 22 June due to space station repairs The new launch date came after NASA reviewed ISS systems. The launch of Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) has been delayed again. The mission, which includes Indian astronaut Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, is now expected to launch on 22 June 2025, according to Axiom Space. Earlier, the launch had been postponed due to a liquid oxygen (LOX) leak detected during a routine booster inspection by SpaceX. Axiom Space announced the update, “NASA, Axiom Space, and SpaceX are now targeting no earlier than Sunday, June 22, for launch of the fourth private astronaut mission to the International Space Station, Axiom Mission 4. The change in a targeted launch date provides NASA time to continue evaluating space station operations after recent repair work in the aft (back) most segment of the International Space Station’s Zvezda service module.

Axiom mission 4 launch delayed to 22 June due to ISS repairs. Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla to pilot historic mission with international crew, conducting around 60+ experiments in space for global research.

Axiom Mission 4 launch delayed again: New target date set for June 22

The Curiosity Rover has spotted a mushroom on Mars, leading some alien enthusiasts to proclaim that we have found "life" on the red planet. The rover took a photo on the Martian surface, which shows an object similar to a mushroom. It is not a new discovery, as the rover took the image in 2013. It went into the archives and has now been found by UFO hunter Scott Waring.The object appears to have a stem like a regular mushroom with a canopy on top. Waring says he is "not sure how or why NASA could overlook such a thing," since NASA has been trying to "find life on other planets and moons."&nbsp;Waring says the space agency should have used the expensive equipment on board Curiosity to examine the structure. After finding the photo, he strongly believes that a mushroom "pushed up out of the Mars dirt."&nbsp;"NASA should have poked it, bumped it, knocked it over, cut it open with their tools on the Curiosity rover," Waring said.<h2>People think NASA is not telling everything</h2>People are also questioning the reason for NASA ignoring this image, while some simply think that the space agency is keeping secrets from the public.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/nasa-comet-discovered-2-billion-kilometres-from-sun-is-acting-in-a-bizarre-way-1750143967728">Only 1 of 5: Comet discovered 2 billion kilometres from Sun is acting in a bizarre way</a>&nbsp;A user wrote on social media, "Looks like a mushroom to me! NASA know far more about MARS than they let on."&nbsp;Curiosity was launched in 2011 and landed on Aeolis Palus inside Gale crater in 2012. Its primary purpose is to hunt for evidence that life once existed on Mars. So why didn't NASA pursue this Martian "mushroom."&nbsp;For one, scientists do not think it is a mushroom, but merely two rocks placed on top of one another. Besides, the conditions on Mars mean that no form of life can currently thrive on the surface of the red planet.&nbsp;<h2>Possible explanations for mushroom on Mars?</h2>&nbsp;Dr Gareth Dorrian, a planetary physicist from the University of Birmingham, told MailOnline that the mushroom could be a geological formation from billions of years ago when liquid water flowed on Mars.&nbsp;It could also be two rocks, with the top one having gradually settled onto the bottom one as the wind blows away the sand and dust.&nbsp;Besides, the current conditions on Mars are just not ripe to support life. Dorrian points out that the atmospheric pressure at the Martian surface is extremely thin. This allows ultraviolet and particle radiation to constantly bombard the planet. The radiation is known to damage complex molecules like DNA.&nbsp;The temperatures on Mars range from 20°C during the day to -100°C at night. Dorrian says, "No known forms of life can simultaneously tolerate these extremes of temperatures, radiation levels, and low atmospheric pressure." &nbsp;

A photo taken by Curiosity rover in 2013 shows a mushroom-like object on Mars. NASA did not pursue it further, and now that the image has been revealed, people are asking why not.

The Curiosity Rover has spotted a mushroom on Mars, leading some alien enthusiasts to proclaim that we have found "life" on the red planet. The rover took a photo on the Martian surface, which shows an object similar to a mushroom. It is not a new discovery, as the rover took the image in 2013. It went into the archives and has now been found by UFO hunter Scott Waring. The object appears to have a stem like a regular mushroom with a canopy on top. Waring says he is "not sure how or why NASA could overlook such a thing," since NASA has been trying to "find life on other planets and moons." Waring says the space agency should have used the expensive equipment on board Curiosity to examine the structure. After finding the photo, he strongly believes that a mushroom "pushed up out of the Mars dirt." "NASA should have poked it, bumped it, knocked it over, cut it open with their tools on the Curiosity rover," Waring said. People think NASA is not telling everything People are also questioning the reason for NASA ignoring this image, while some simply think that the space agency is keeping secrets from the public. Also Read: Only 1 of 5: Comet discovered 2 billion kilometres from Sun is acting in a bizarre way A user wrote on social media, "Looks like a mushroom to me! NASA know far more about MARS than they let on." Curiosity was launched in 2011 and landed on Aeolis Palus inside Gale crater in 2012. Its primary purpose is to hunt for evidence that life once existed on Mars. So why didn't NASA pursue this Martian "mushroom." For one, scientists do not think it is a mushroom, but merely two rocks placed on top of one another. Besides, the conditions on Mars mean that no form of life can currently thrive on the surface of the red planet. Possible explanations for mushroom on Mars? Dr Gareth Dorrian, a planetary physicist from the University of Birmingham, told MailOnline that the mushroom could be a geological formation from billions of years ago when liquid water flowed on Mars. It could also be two rocks, with the top one having gradually settled onto the bottom one as the wind blows away the sand and dust. Besides, the current conditions on Mars are just not ripe to support life. Dorrian points out that the atmospheric pressure at the Martian surface is extremely thin. This allows ultraviolet and particle radiation to constantly bombard the planet. The radiation is known to damage complex molecules like DNA. The temperatures on Mars range from 20°C during the day to -100°C at night. Dorrian says, "No known forms of life can simultaneously tolerate these extremes of temperatures, radiation levels, and low atmospheric pressure."

A photo taken by Curiosity rover in 2013 shows a mushroom-like object on Mars. NASA did not pursue it further, and now that the image has been revealed, people are asking why not.

Did NASA find life on Mars in 2013? Curiosity photo of a 'mushroom' raises suspicion

Cosmic cliffs to newborn stars: Photos of the universe’s hidden wonders, credit James Webb Telescope

From the clearest image of Neptune's rings to the mystic view of newborn stars: Check some breathtaking images captured by the James Webb Space Telescope.

New viruses have been discovered lurking in the depths of oceans worldwide. Marine biologist Benjamin Minch and virologist Mohammad Moniruzzaman from the University of Miami tested seawater samples and identified 230 giant viruses that have never been seen before by humans.The scientists think the new viruses will help learn more about the ocean and the life it sustains. "By better understanding the diversity and role of giant viruses in the ocean and how they interact with algae and other ocean microbes, we can predict and possibly manage harmful algal blooms, which are human health hazards in Florida as well as all over the world," says Moniruzzaman.The research has been published in Nature npj Viruses.&nbsp;Algae blooms have become a growing threat in the world as the environment gets hotter. Giant viruses are often responsible for killing phytoplankton, the tiny, photosynthesising organisms commonly found in oceans, lakes, and rivers. Phytoplankton produce the majority of Earth's oxygen, which is why it is important to protect them from these viruses.&nbsp;<h2>Viruses can cause the death of phytoplankton</h2>&nbsp;Doing a deep dive into the viruses can help eliminate the reasons behind the death of phytoplankton. The researchers noted that in several cases, the viruses take over the photosynthesis function of their hosts in order to survive. "The giant viruses play an outsized role in manipulating their host's metabolism during infection and influencing marine biogeochemistry," they wrote.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/nasa-comet-discovered-2-billion-kilometres-from-sun-is-acting-in-a-bizarre-way-1750143967728">Only 1 of 5: Comet discovered 2 billion kilometres from Sun is acting in a bizarre way</a>&nbsp;Besides the 230 new giant viruses, the study also identified 569 new functional proteins, including nine involved in photosynthesis.&nbsp;The newly discovered viruses fit into two categories - Imitervirales and Algavirales. Both groups have different survival and infection tactics. Imitervirales are the most complex and have a flexible "life strategy" that potentially allows the virus to survive in a wider variety of hosts.&nbsp;Meanwhile, the researchers are convinced that there are a lot more viruses still hiding in the ocean, waiting to be discovered. "This study allowed us to create a framework to improve existing tools for detecting novel viruses that could aid in our ability to monitor pollution and pathogens in our waterways," says Minch. &nbsp;

Scientists have discovered 230 new viruses in the world's oceans that might be killing the Earth's source of oxygen. They are hoping to avoid these deaths in the near future by studying more about these viruses.

New viruses have been discovered lurking in the depths of oceans worldwide. Marine biologist Benjamin Minch and virologist Mohammad Moniruzzaman from the University of Miami tested seawater samples and identified 230 giant viruses that have never been seen before by humans. The scientists think the new viruses will help learn more about the ocean and the life it sustains. "By better understanding the diversity and role of giant viruses in the ocean and how they interact with algae and other ocean microbes, we can predict and possibly manage harmful algal blooms, which are human health hazards in Florida as well as all over the world," says Moniruzzaman. The research has been published in Nature npj Viruses. Algae blooms have become a growing threat in the world as the environment gets hotter. Giant viruses are often responsible for killing phytoplankton, the tiny, photosynthesising organisms commonly found in oceans, lakes, and rivers. Phytoplankton produce the majority of Earth's oxygen, which is why it is important to protect them from these viruses. Viruses can cause the death of phytoplankton Doing a deep dive into the viruses can help eliminate the reasons behind the death of phytoplankton. The researchers noted that in several cases, the viruses take over the photosynthesis function of their hosts in order to survive. "The giant viruses play an outsized role in manipulating their host's metabolism during infection and influencing marine biogeochemistry," they wrote. Also Read: Only 1 of 5: Comet discovered 2 billion kilometres from Sun is acting in a bizarre way Besides the 230 new giant viruses, the study also identified 569 new functional proteins, including nine involved in photosynthesis. The newly discovered viruses fit into two categories - Imitervirales and Algavirales. Both groups have different survival and infection tactics. Imitervirales are the most complex and have a flexible "life strategy" that potentially allows the virus to survive in a wider variety of hosts. Meanwhile, the researchers are convinced that there are a lot more viruses still hiding in the ocean, waiting to be discovered. "This study allowed us to create a framework to improve existing tools for detecting novel viruses that could aid in our ability to monitor pollution and pathogens in our waterways," says Minch.

Scientists have discovered 230 new viruses in the world's oceans that might be killing the Earth's source of oxygen. They are hoping to avoid these deaths in the near future by studying more about these viruses.

Never-before-seen viruses are killing the Earth's source of oxygen

<h2>SpaceX launches 26 new Starlink satellites from California</h2>Falcon 9 lifts off from Vandenberg base. SpaceX successfully launched a batch of 26 Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit on Monday, 17 June 2025. The mission lifted off at 8:36 PM PDT (or 11:36 PM EDT / 03:36 GMT) from Space Launch Complex 4 East at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California.

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-media-max-width="560">Watch Falcon 9 launch 26 <a href="https://twitter.com/Starlink?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Starlink</a> satellites to orbit from California <a href="https://t.co/rmDHx7Mqtl">https://t.co/rmDHx7Mqtl</a>&mdash; SpaceX (@SpaceX) <a href="https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1934815632488583538?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 17, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

The mission used a Falcon 9 rocket making its third flight, which placed the satellites into orbit around eight and a half minutes after launch. SpaceX named this group as Starlink 15-9 on its website.<h2>Booster lands on Droneship in pacific</h2>After separation, the Falcon 9's first-stage booster made a successful landing on the droneship, positioned in the Pacific Ocean. The booster, B1093, had last flown in May 2025 on another Starlink mission.&nbsp;The satellites were expected to be deployed after a second engine burn, scheduled about an hour into the mission. This flight follows another recent Starlink launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida on 13 June, which delivered the final satellites of the first generation direct-to-cell constellation.<h2>Starlink network keeps expanding</h2>While Monday’s satellites were not part of the direct-to-cell programme, they contribute to the growth of the Starlink broadband internet network, which now has over 7,760 active satellites in orbit. This network provides global internet coverage, especially in remote and underserved areas.&nbsp;SpaceX has stated that its direct-to-cell technology, developed in partnership with mobile service providers, will enable standard mobile phones to access the internet even in locations where there are no towers or cables.&nbsp;With each launch, SpaceX continues to strengthen its global satellite internet service, bringing faster, more accessible broadband to people worldwide.&nbsp;

SpaceX launched 26 starlink satellites from california on june 17, 2025, using a falcon 9 rocket. the booster landed on a pacific droneship. This adds to the growing starlink network with over 7,760 satellites, expanding global internet coverage, especially in remote areas.

SpaceX launches 26 new Starlink satellites from California Falcon 9 lifts off from Vandenberg base. SpaceX successfully launched a batch of 26 Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit on Monday, 17 June 2025. The mission lifted off at 8:36 PM PDT (or 11:36 PM EDT / 03:36 GMT) from Space Launch Complex 4 East at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California.

SpaceX launched 26 Starlink satellites from California on June 17, 2025, using a Falcon 9 rocket. The booster landed on a pacific droneship. This adds to the growing starlink network with over 7,760 satellites, expanding global internet coverage, especially in remote areas.

Falcon 9 rocket deploys 26 SpaceX Starlink satellites in space

NASA has spotted an object 2.1 billion kilometres from the Sun which defies all principles of how the universe works. Only a handful of such events have been recorded ever since humans started keeping track of the many occurrences in space. This object in question is a comet orbiting between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus that has left scientists baffled because of the way it is behaving despite being so far away from the Sun.&nbsp;Named C/2025 D1 (Gröller), it was discovered by Hannes Gröller, an astronomer at the University of Arizona, using the Catalina Sky Survey. It is a historic discovery because it is acting in the opposite way a comet ideally does. Comets are made of water ice and develop a tail only when they reach a certain distance from the Sun.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/-jumping-jupiter-evicted-a-gas-giant-from-the-solar-system-it-could-be-lurking-at-the-edge-as-planet-nine-1749795964293">One planet is missing from the solar system, blame 'Jumping Jupiter'</a>&nbsp;This is the point at which comets become active and the heat from the Sun starts to vapourise the water ice, leading to a visible tail and a coma. This occurrence happens when comets pass at a distance of between 3 and 5 AU. But Comet C/2025 D1 (Gröller), is nowhere near this point. The comet is zooming at a distance of 14.1 AU from the Sun, the farthest for any active comet. This is 14 times further than Earth is from the Sun. It also has extremely high temperatures, making it an absolute anomaly.&nbsp;<h2>Comet Gröller contains elements from ancient solar system</h2>&nbsp;Experts are puzzled by this comet. Some of them think that the comet might be composed of some different chemical compounds normally not seen in comets. Ingredients more volatile than water, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, could be present in Comet Gröller.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/voyager-spacecraft-crossed-wall-of-fire-to-reach-interstellar-space-what-is-it-1749714537835">Voyager spacecraft crossed 'wall of fire' to reach interstellar space. What is it?</a>&nbsp;They could also contain extremely rare supervolatiles, materials that do not exist in any celestial body whose orbits bring them towards the inner solar system. Scientists think that this comet can offer clues about the early solar system, when the Sun was born 4.6 billion years ago. It could also explain how the universe shaped up after the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago.&nbsp;Comet Gröller is not the first such comet seen in the solar system. Only five ultradistant comets have been identified to date acting in a similar fashion beyond 20 AU. These comets are dynamically new, roaming in orbits which never bring them closer to the Sun. Their distance means that they are potentially frozen and belong to the early days of the Solar System.

A comet, only one of five ever discovered, is defying the rules of space. It has a tail, with its water ice fizzling away despite being at a great distance from the Sun. 

NASA has spotted an object 2.1 billion kilometres from the Sun which defies all principles of how the universe works. Only a handful of such events have been recorded ever since humans started keeping track of the many occurrences in space. This object in question is a comet orbiting between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus that has left scientists baffled because of the way it is behaving despite being so far away from the Sun. Named C/2025 D1 (Gröller), it was discovered by Hannes Gröller, an astronomer at the University of Arizona, using the Catalina Sky Survey. It is a historic discovery because it is acting in the opposite way a comet ideally does. Comets are made of water ice and develop a tail only when they reach a certain distance from the Sun. Also Read: One planet is missing from the solar system, blame 'Jumping Jupiter' This is the point at which comets become active and the heat from the Sun starts to vapourise the water ice, leading to a visible tail and a coma. This occurrence happens when comets pass at a distance of between 3 and 5 AU. But Comet C/2025 D1 (Gröller), is nowhere near this point. The comet is zooming at a distance of 14.1 AU from the Sun, the farthest for any active comet. This is 14 times further than Earth is from the Sun. It also has extremely high temperatures, making it an absolute anomaly. Comet Gröller contains elements from ancient solar system Experts are puzzled by this comet. Some of them think that the comet might be composed of some different chemical compounds normally not seen in comets. Ingredients more volatile than water, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, could be present in Comet Gröller. Also Read: Voyager spacecraft crossed 'wall of fire' to reach interstellar space. What is it? They could also contain extremely rare supervolatiles, materials that do not exist in any celestial body whose orbits bring them towards the inner solar system. Scientists think that this comet can offer clues about the early solar system, when the Sun was born 4.6 billion years ago. It could also explain how the universe shaped up after the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago. Comet Gröller is not the first such comet seen in the solar system. Only five ultradistant comets have been identified to date acting in a similar fashion beyond 20 AU. These comets are dynamically new, roaming in orbits which never bring them closer to the Sun. Their distance means that they are potentially frozen and belong to the early days of the Solar System.

A comet, only one of five ever discovered, is defying the rules of space. It has a tail, with its water ice fizzling away despite being at a great distance from the Sun.&nbsp;

Only 1 of 5: Comet discovered 2 billion kilometres from Sun is acting in a bizarre way

A new video from China's Tiangong Space Station has conspiracy theorists convinced that the astronauts aren't actually in space. They pointed to a humble glass of water to prove their point, asking how the water inside the glass is where there is no gravity in space? In the <a href="https://x.com/BGatesIsaPyscho/status/1934197810645332426">video</a>, as the astronauts share their experience, a glass of water can be seen sitting on a table near them.Some users on X noted that the water was sitting perfectly well inside the glass. They asked, How is it possible? In space, where there is no gravity, everything floats around. This has led us to think that even water inside a glass should be swirling inside the space station.&nbsp;"Why isn't the water floating out of the glass?" a user asked.Another assumed that the water should be floating around, a risky thing at a space station which also houses several valuable and delicate instruments. "Call me crazy but if I was orbiting the Earth at 17,500mph in zero gravity surrounded complex computers, I probably wouldn’t risk an unconcealed glass of water resting on the table."&nbsp;The user said that maybe it is stuck to the surface using Velcro.Even if that keeps the glass stuck, what holds back the water?&nbsp;<h2>This is how water behaves in space</h2>&nbsp;There is nothing sinister happening in this picture, and there is a completely scientific explanation for the water.&nbsp;Water likes to stay with its buddies (other water molecules) and in a safe space (the glass). He told Associated Press, "Water molecules like to stick to glass and also to other water molecules more than they like to disperse in the air."&nbsp;Water consists of slightly positive hydrogen atoms and slightly negative oxygen atoms, creating a strong surface tension as they pull towards each other. This is why water stays intact and is not influenced by external forces.&nbsp;Chinese astronauts often share insights from the Tiangong space station. In this particular video, they were talking to students on Earth, teaching them how buoyancy works differently in space by suspending a ping-pong ball in water.&nbsp;Earlier, in one such video, they shared everything that the space station held, including astronaut beds. They also gave a peek through a window into space and what Earth looked like from up there.

Does water float in space? A video from the Tiangong space station has intrigued people, who are asking how is the water staying inside a glass, without flowing out in zero gravity?

A new video from China's Tiangong Space Station has conspiracy theorists convinced that the astronauts aren't actually in space. They pointed to a humble glass of water to prove their point, asking how the water inside the glass is where there is no gravity in space? In the video, as the astronauts share their experience, a glass of water can be seen sitting on a table near them. Some users on X noted that the water was sitting perfectly well inside the glass. They asked, How is it possible? In space, where there is no gravity, everything floats around. This has led us to think that even water inside a glass should be swirling inside the space station. "Why isn't the water floating out of the glass?" a user asked. Another assumed that the water should be floating around, a risky thing at a space station which also houses several valuable and delicate instruments. "Call me crazy but if I was orbiting the Earth at 17,500mph in zero gravity surrounded complex computers, I probably wouldn’t risk an unconcealed glass of water resting on the table." The user said that maybe it is stuck to the surface using Velcro. Even if that keeps the glass stuck, what holds back the water? This is how water behaves in space There is nothing sinister happening in this picture, and there is a completely scientific explanation for the water. Water likes to stay with its buddies (other water molecules) and in a safe space (the glass). He told Associated Press, "Water molecules like to stick to glass and also to other water molecules more than they like to disperse in the air." Water consists of slightly positive hydrogen atoms and slightly negative oxygen atoms, creating a strong surface tension as they pull towards each other. This is why water stays intact and is not influenced by external forces. Chinese astronauts often share insights from the Tiangong space station. In this particular video, they were talking to students on Earth, teaching them how buoyancy works differently in space by suspending a ping-pong ball in water. Earlier, in one such video, they shared everything that the space station held, including astronaut beds. They also gave a peek through a window into space and what Earth looked like from up there.

Does water float in space? A video from the Tiangong space station has intrigued people, who are asking how is the water staying inside a glass, without flowing out in zero gravity?

'Why isn't it...?' A glass of water at Tiangong Space Station leads to questions

The European Space Agency has succeeded in creating an artificial total solar eclipse in space. It has now released photos of the event showing the mind-boggling phenomenon created using two spacecraft that were launched last year. They are on display at the Paris Air Show &nbsp;where the spacecraft can be seen reacing a particular position with the Sun in the background.&nbsp;ESA had launched the two spacecraft last year as part of the £208 million Proba-3 mission to learn about the Sun's corona and solar storms. The mission took its first photos of the Sun's outer atmosphere – the solar corona. The flew as one spacecraft in stunning synchronisation to achieve the results.&nbsp;The ESA shared, "This March, the Coronagraph and the Occulter (the two spacecraft) flew 150 metres apart in perfect formation for several hours without any control from the ground."&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/esa-orbiter-beams-first-ever-visuals-of-sun-s-messy-south-pole-during-pole-to-pole-trip-1749708998559">ESA Orbiter beams first-ever visuals of Sun's 'messy' south pole during pole-to-pole trip</a>&nbsp;The spacecraft are small cube structures and less than five feet (1.5 metres) in size. They aligned with each other and maintained their relative position down to a single millimetre, almost becoming one. This was made possible by a set of innovative navigation and positioning technologies on board them.&nbsp;<h2>Cube-sized spacecraft aligned with each other to create the eclipse</h2>&nbsp;After precisely positioning themselves, they used their formation flying time to create artificial total solar eclipses in orbit. They aligned perfectly with the Sun, so that the 1.4 m large disc on the Occulter spacecraft covered the bright disc of the Sun. This created an eight-centimetre shadow for the Coronagraph spacecraft, cast onto its optical instrument, ASPIICS, or &nbsp;Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/radio-signals-tear-through-earth-and-out-of-antarctic-ice-they-could-be-coming-from-edge-of-universe-1749887206535">Mysterious radio signals just tore through Antarctic ice. They could be coming from edge of universe</a>&nbsp;The shadow covered the 5 cm aperture of ASPIICS, leading it to capture the solar corona without any hindrance from the Sun’s bright light. One of the photos shows green-hued waves shooting out from behind the satellites.&nbsp;Dietmar Pilz, ESA Director of Technology, Engineering and Quality, comments: “Many of the technologies which allowed Proba-3 to perform precise formation flying have been developed through ESA’s General Support Technology Programme, as has the mission itself."&nbsp;"It is exciting to see these stunning images validate our technologies in what is now the world’s first precision formation flying mission."&nbsp;The breakthrough event will help scientists learn about coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that send waves of particles shooting into the solar system. They are responsible for disrupting radio and communication signals on Earth and also for the beautiful auroras. The Sun is currently in a highly active state and has recently released plumes of plasma into space.&nbsp;<h2>Sun's corona is hotter than its surface</h2>&nbsp;Notably, the temperature recorded on the Sun's corona is more than a million degrees Celsius. This is much hotter than its surface. Scientists have been trying to learn the reason behind it, and Proba-3 aims to dive deep into this by studying the corona very close to the Sun’s surface.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Two spacecraft, about 1.5 metres in size, synchronised so neatly in outer space that they managed to cover the Sun and create an artificial total solar eclipse.

The European Space Agency has succeeded in creating an artificial total solar eclipse in space. It has now released photos of the event showing the mind-boggling phenomenon created using two spacecraft that were launched last year. They are on display at the Paris Air Show where the spacecraft can be seen reacing a particular position with the Sun in the background. ESA had launched the two spacecraft last year as part of the £208 million Proba-3 mission to learn about the Sun's corona and solar storms. The mission took its first photos of the Sun's outer atmosphere – the solar corona. The flew as one spacecraft in stunning synchronisation to achieve the results. The ESA shared, "This March, the Coronagraph and the Occulter (the two spacecraft) flew 150 metres apart in perfect formation for several hours without any control from the ground." Also Read: ESA Orbiter beams first-ever visuals of Sun's 'messy' south pole during pole-to-pole trip The spacecraft are small cube structures and less than five feet (1.5 metres) in size. They aligned with each other and maintained their relative position down to a single millimetre, almost becoming one. This was made possible by a set of innovative navigation and positioning technologies on board them. Cube-sized spacecraft aligned with each other to create the eclipse After precisely positioning themselves, they used their formation flying time to create artificial total solar eclipses in orbit. They aligned perfectly with the Sun, so that the 1.4 m large disc on the Occulter spacecraft covered the bright disc of the Sun. This created an eight-centimetre shadow for the Coronagraph spacecraft, cast onto its optical instrument, ASPIICS, or Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona. Also Read: Mysterious radio signals just tore through Antarctic ice. They could be coming from edge of universe The shadow covered the 5 cm aperture of ASPIICS, leading it to capture the solar corona without any hindrance from the Sun’s bright light. One of the photos shows green-hued waves shooting out from behind the satellites. Dietmar Pilz, ESA Director of Technology, Engineering and Quality, comments: “Many of the technologies which allowed Proba-3 to perform precise formation flying have been developed through ESA’s General Support Technology Programme, as has the mission itself." "It is exciting to see these stunning images validate our technologies in what is now the world’s first precision formation flying mission." The breakthrough event will help scientists learn about coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that send waves of particles shooting into the solar system. They are responsible for disrupting radio and communication signals on Earth and also for the beautiful auroras. The Sun is currently in a highly active state and has recently released plumes of plasma into space. Sun's corona is hotter than its surface Notably, the temperature recorded on the Sun's corona is more than a million degrees Celsius. This is much hotter than its surface. Scientists have been trying to learn the reason behind it, and Proba-3 aims to dive deep into this by studying the corona very close to the Sun’s surface.

Two spacecraft, about 1.5 metres in size, synchronised so neatly in outer space that they managed to cover the Sun and create an artificial total solar eclipse.

Two spacecraft locked in a cosmic dance produce man-made Total Solar Eclipse

A consumer council in Hong Kong has found that more than 80% of cream and liquid eyeshadows tested contained heavy metals that could cause allergic reactions.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Consumer Council tested 30 popular eye makeup products and detected substances like antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in 26 of them. While all were within legal limits, several experts warn that even small amounts may pose risks with long-term use.&nbsp;Angel Cheung, the council's director of research and survey, said people, in particular those who are allergic to heavy metals, need to take particular care.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/israel-strikes-military-base-in-tehran-several-explosions-took-place-reports-iranian-media-1750083575159">Israel strikes military base in Tehran, several explosions heard, reports Iranian media</a>&nbsp;"Not many of the products list the ingredients on the packaging," she said.&nbsp;"And even if they have the ingredients' list on the packaging, they will not indicate the presence of the heavy metal. So for individuals who are allergic to heavy metals, they need to be aware when they are using or applying their newly bought eye shadow products. "They can look out for any adverse effects related to allergies and our suggestion is to stop using a product if there is an adverse reaction, she further added. &nbsp;One Korean product contained lead close to 80% of the EU limit, and a Thai brand was found to have mercury. Some products also had banned preservatives or ingredients that may disrupt hormones.&nbsp;&nbsp;The watchdog urged users to avoid applying eye makeup too close to the lash line and to thoroughly remove makeup to reduce exposure.&nbsp;The Council has reported the findings to Hong Kong’s Customs and Excise Department and advised manufacturers to improve product safety and labeling.&nbsp;Only products made by Excel, Fasio and Giorgio Armani are in the clear for allergenic heavy metals.

Toxic beauty? Most cream eyeshadows contain harmful metals, finds study

A consumer council in Hong Kong has found that more than 80% of cream and liquid eyeshadows tested contained heavy metals that could cause allergic reactions. The Consumer Council tested 30 popular eye makeup products and detected substances like antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in 26 of them. While all were within legal limits, several experts warn that even small amounts may pose risks with long-term use. Angel Cheung, the council's director of research and survey, said people, in particular those who are allergic to heavy metals, need to take particular care. Also Read: Israel strikes military base in Tehran, several explosions heard, reports Iranian media "Not many of the products list the ingredients on the packaging," she said. "And even if they have the ingredients' list on the packaging, they will not indicate the presence of the heavy metal. So for individuals who are allergic to heavy metals, they need to be aware when they are using or applying their newly bought eye shadow products. "They can look out for any adverse effects related to allergies and our suggestion is to stop using a product if there is an adverse reaction, she further added. One Korean product contained lead close to 80% of the EU limit, and a Thai brand was found to have mercury. Some products also had banned preservatives or ingredients that may disrupt hormones. The watchdog urged users to avoid applying eye makeup too close to the lash line and to thoroughly remove makeup to reduce exposure. The Council has reported the findings to Hong Kong’s Customs and Excise Department and advised manufacturers to improve product safety and labeling. Only products made by Excel, Fasio and Giorgio Armani are in the clear for allergenic heavy metals.

The Consumer Council tested 25 cream and liquid eyeshadows on the market

Scientists have detected strange radio signals coming from below the ground in Antarctica. A cosmic detector flying high above Antarctica picked up the strange pulses, which appear to be rising up through the Earth. The discovery was made by an international research group that includes scientists from Penn State. They have published their results in the journal Physical Review Letters.&nbsp;The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment was flying above the region when it recorded the radio signals. The probe comprises several instruments and radio antennas flown on balloons and aims to learn more about distant cosmic events by studying the signals that reach the Earth. They should ideally bounce off the surface, but in Antarctica, it caught signals that were coming from deep below the ground.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/deep-space-radio-signals-cosmic-mystery-object-pulsar-magnetar-1748517706567">44 minutes apart, 2 minutes every time: Something from deep space is sending signals to Earth</a>&nbsp;<h2>Radio signals crossed the entire Earth and shot past the surface</h2>&nbsp;They were at steep angles, and likely travelled through kilometres of rock and passed the Earth's crust before tearing through the surface.&nbsp;“The radio waves that we detected were at really steep angles, like 30 degrees below the surface of the ice,” said Stephanie Wissel, associate professor of Physics, astronomy and astrophysics, who worked on the ANITA team.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/starlink-satellites-are-leaking-signals-that-are-blocking-the-study-of-early-universe-1749534527194">10,000 times stronger: A leak in Starlink satellites is blocking signals from first stars of the universe</a>&nbsp;However, if this is the case, then the signals should have been absorbed into the rock and never detected by the instruments on board ANITA. This anomaly has left scientists baffled, who are struggling to determine what could have caused the radio pulses.&nbsp;“It’s an interesting problem because we still don't actually have an explanation for what those anomalies are, but what we do know is that they're most likely not representing neutrinos,” Wissel said.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-tech/repeats-every-2-hours-source-of-mystery-radio-signal-finally-found-8848774">'Repeats every 2 hours': Source of mystery radio signal finally found</a>&nbsp;<h2>ANITA looks for signals from deep space</h2>&nbsp;ANITA travels through the air to pick up faint signals that come from outer space and interact with ice. The expectation is to record signals from neutrinos, the smallest mass of all subatomic particles, that is abundant in the universe. They are emitted by the sun, gamma-ray bursts and supernovas, and once upon a time, by the Big Bang. Travelling at the speed of light, neutrinos are a treasure trove of information about cosmic events that happen millions of light-years away.&nbsp;They don't interact much, making them difficult to detect. But the signals noticed in Antarctica didn't behave like neutrinos. Wissel says if it were at all a neutrino that was responsible, it means it travelled a long way without interacting with anything until the end. Based on current models, it should have been absorbed by Earth. She doesn't think it was a neutrino.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/esa-orbiter-beams-first-ever-visuals-of-sun-s-messy-south-pole-during-pole-to-pole-trip-1749708998559">ESA Orbiter beams first-ever visuals of Sun's 'messy' south pole during pole-to-pole trip</a>&nbsp;“So, this is the double-edged sword problem. If we detect them, it means they have travelled all this way without interacting with anything else. We could be detecting a neutrino coming from the edge of the observable universe.”&nbsp;To know more about the signal, the team compared the data gathered by ANITA with information from two other major neutrino detectors, IceCube in Antarctica and the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Nothing similar was found.&nbsp;After further simulations and tests, the scientists concluded the signals were "anomalous." They think something new can be at play here - an unknown particle, new interactions and maybe even new Physics.

Strange radio signals that moved upwards from Earth were detected by a probe flying over Antarctica. Mysterious forces were likely at play here, or the signals were coming from deep space. 

Scientists have detected strange radio signals coming from below the ground in Antarctica. A cosmic detector flying high above Antarctica picked up the strange pulses, which appear to be rising up through the Earth. The discovery was made by an international research group that includes scientists from Penn State. They have published their results in the journal Physical Review Letters. The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment was flying above the region when it recorded the radio signals. The probe comprises several instruments and radio antennas flown on balloons and aims to learn more about distant cosmic events by studying the signals that reach the Earth. They should ideally bounce off the surface, but in Antarctica, it caught signals that were coming from deep below the ground. Also Read: 44 minutes apart, 2 minutes every time: Something from deep space is sending signals to Earth Radio signals crossed the entire Earth and shot past the surface They were at steep angles, and likely travelled through kilometres of rock and passed the Earth's crust before tearing through the surface. “The radio waves that we detected were at really steep angles, like 30 degrees below the surface of the ice,” said Stephanie Wissel, associate professor of Physics, astronomy and astrophysics, who worked on the ANITA team. Also Read: 10,000 times stronger: A leak in Starlink satellites is blocking signals from first stars of the universe However, if this is the case, then the signals should have been absorbed into the rock and never detected by the instruments on board ANITA. This anomaly has left scientists baffled, who are struggling to determine what could have caused the radio pulses. “It’s an interesting problem because we still don't actually have an explanation for what those anomalies are, but what we do know is that they're most likely not representing neutrinos,” Wissel said. Also Read: 'Repeats every 2 hours': Source of mystery radio signal finally found ANITA looks for signals from deep space ANITA travels through the air to pick up faint signals that come from outer space and interact with ice. The expectation is to record signals from neutrinos, the smallest mass of all subatomic particles, that is abundant in the universe. They are emitted by the sun, gamma-ray bursts and supernovas, and once upon a time, by the Big Bang. Travelling at the speed of light, neutrinos are a treasure trove of information about cosmic events that happen millions of light-years away. They don't interact much, making them difficult to detect. But the signals noticed in Antarctica didn't behave like neutrinos. Wissel says if it were at all a neutrino that was responsible, it means it travelled a long way without interacting with anything until the end. Based on current models, it should have been absorbed by Earth. She doesn't think it was a neutrino. Also Read: ESA Orbiter beams first-ever visuals of Sun's 'messy' south pole during pole-to-pole trip “So, this is the double-edged sword problem. If we detect them, it means they have travelled all this way without interacting with anything else. We could be detecting a neutrino coming from the edge of the observable universe.” To know more about the signal, the team compared the data gathered by ANITA with information from two other major neutrino detectors, IceCube in Antarctica and the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Nothing similar was found. After further simulations and tests, the scientists concluded the signals were "anomalous." They think something new can be at play here - an unknown particle, new interactions and maybe even new Physics.

Strange radio signals that moved upwards from Earth were detected by a probe flying over Antarctica. Mysterious forces were likely at play here, or the signals were coming from deep space.&nbsp;

Mysterious radio signals just tore through Antarctic ice. They could be coming from edge of universe

If all goes well, the American Axiom-4 astronaut mission will liftoff of June 19th, Thursday, which is 20 days after the original launch date of 29th May. Over the last two weeks, the mission has faced multiple delays owing to - replacement of parts on the Crew Dragon Spacecraft, technical issues with a Falcon 9 rocket engine, unfavourable weather, a liquid oxygen leak in the Falcon 9 rocket, and an anomaly in the Russian Zvezda module on the International Space Station. Indian Air Force test pilot and astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla will be the second-in-command of this mission.&nbsp;Announcing the new targeted launch date, the Indian Space agency ISRO said that the liquid oxygen leak in the Falcon 9 rocket has been successfully resolved. ISRO says this based on the outcome of a meeting between ISRO, Axiom Space, and SpaceX. "Axiom Space informed that they are working closely with NASA to assess the pressure anomaly in the Russian Zvezda Service Module onboard the International Space Station," read the statement from ISRO.&nbsp;Opportunities for launch till June 30th or from mid-July&nbsp;"In terms of launch opportunities, we have opportunities all the way to June 30th," said Dana Weigel, Manager, International Space Station Programme, NASA. Typically, every rocket launch mission has a launch window/launch opportunity- an ideal period of a few days or weeks within which the launch can take place. On each of these specific days within the launch window, there are a few minutes when the rocket can blastoff to space. All of these launch times are precisely planned down to the second, based on various technical parameters. Which is why many rocket launch missions happen at odd hours, and no two missions(even of the same type) follow the same launch time or schedule.&nbsp;In case SpaceX and Axiom Space are unable to launch in the month of June, there are opportunities in July as well, Weigel had said. "Russians have a Progress cargo vehicle undocking from the International Space Station and new one docking, so we have a brief cut out for that.&nbsp;And then, a brief cut out for high solar beta. And then we have launch opportunities in the second week of July/middle of July. Plenty of opportunities to fly the vehicle," she had elaborated.Predominantly, only America and Russia launch crafts to the International Space Station.&nbsp;Therefore, the two have to plan their traffic accordingly and coordinate the arrivals and departures with regards the Space Station. This is why Dana mentioned of a break in the month of July.&nbsp;Further, while launching astronaut-carrying spacecrafts to the Space Station, a technical parameter called Solar Beta needs to be factored in- it determines how much during each orbit the spacecraft is exposed to sunlight or Earth's shadow. This affects the heating or cooling of the spacecraft, ability of solar panels to generate power. For example, while circling the earth, when a spacecraft is exposed to a lot of sunlight, it could suffer overheating issues. Therefore the next window for the Axiom-4 launch is in Mid-July.&nbsp;About Axiom-4 Human spaceflight mission&nbsp;Axiom-4 will carry a crew of four astronauts to the International Space Station, where they would stay for two weeks and perform 60 experiments. The astronauts would be flying on the SpaceX Falcon9 rocket and the Crew Dragon capsule. Peggy Whitson, veteran NASA astronaut and director of human spaceflight at Axiom Space, will command the Axiom-4 mission, while ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla will serve as pilot or second-in-command. The two mission specialists are ESA (European Space Agency) project astronaut Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski of Poland and Tibor Kapu of Hungary.&nbsp;This mission will facilitate the return to human spaceflight for India, Poland, and Hungary, given that each nation’s first and only government-sponsored spaceflight had taken place more than 40 years ago. The Ax-4 crew members will represent their nations in Low Earth Orbit and perform scientific experiments and demonstrations that are of high national importance.&nbsp;Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will be the first Indian to fly to the International Space Station, and the second Indian to fly to space after Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, who flew on a Soviet Mission in 1984. The Indian Government has paid almost $64mn(Rs.550cr) for Shukla's training and spaceflight as part of Axiom-4. As he circles the earth, Shukla will also be performing experiments in STEM(Science, Tech, Engineering, Math), and these will be made available as recorded educational videos, as part of the Axiom-4 mission outreach activity.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Announcing the new targeted launch date, the Indian Space agency ISRO said that the liquid oxygen leak in the Falcon 9 rocket has been successfully resolved.

If all goes well, the American Axiom-4 astronaut mission will liftoff of June 19th, Thursday, which is 20 days after the original launch date of 29th May. Over the last two weeks, the mission has faced multiple delays owing to - replacement of parts on the Crew Dragon Spacecraft, technical issues with a Falcon 9 rocket engine, unfavourable weather, a liquid oxygen leak in the Falcon 9 rocket, and an anomaly in the Russian Zvezda module on the International Space Station. Indian Air Force test pilot and astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla will be the second-in-command of this mission. Announcing the new targeted launch date, the Indian Space agency ISRO said that the liquid oxygen leak in the Falcon 9 rocket has been successfully resolved. ISRO says this based on the outcome of a meeting between ISRO, Axiom Space, and SpaceX. "Axiom Space informed that they are working closely with NASA to assess the pressure anomaly in the Russian Zvezda Service Module onboard the International Space Station," read the statement from ISRO. Opportunities for launch till June 30th or from mid-July "In terms of launch opportunities, we have opportunities all the way to June 30th," said Dana Weigel, Manager, International Space Station Programme, NASA. Typically, every rocket launch mission has a launch window/launch opportunity- an ideal period of a few days or weeks within which the launch can take place. On each of these specific days within the launch window, there are a few minutes when the rocket can blastoff to space. All of these launch times are precisely planned down to the second, based on various technical parameters. Which is why many rocket launch missions happen at odd hours, and no two missions(even of the same type) follow the same launch time or schedule. In case SpaceX and Axiom Space are unable to launch in the month of June, there are opportunities in July as well, Weigel had said. "Russians have a Progress cargo vehicle undocking from the International Space Station and new one docking, so we have a brief cut out for that. And then, a brief cut out for high solar beta. And then we have launch opportunities in the second week of July/middle of July. Plenty of opportunities to fly the vehicle," she had elaborated. Predominantly, only America and Russia launch crafts to the International Space Station. Therefore, the two have to plan their traffic accordingly and coordinate the arrivals and departures with regards the Space Station. This is why Dana mentioned of a break in the month of July. Further, while launching astronaut-carrying spacecrafts to the Space Station, a technical parameter called Solar Beta needs to be factored in- it determines how much during each orbit the spacecraft is exposed to sunlight or Earth's shadow. This affects the heating or cooling of the spacecraft, ability of solar panels to generate power. For example, while circling the earth, when a spacecraft is exposed to a lot of sunlight, it could suffer overheating issues. Therefore the next window for the Axiom-4 launch is in Mid-July. About Axiom-4 Human spaceflight mission Axiom-4 will carry a crew of four astronauts to the International Space Station, where they would stay for two weeks and perform 60 experiments. The astronauts would be flying on the SpaceX Falcon9 rocket and the Crew Dragon capsule. Peggy Whitson, veteran NASA astronaut and director of human spaceflight at Axiom Space, will command the Axiom-4 mission, while ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla will serve as pilot or second-in-command. The two mission specialists are ESA (European Space Agency) project astronaut Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski of Poland and Tibor Kapu of Hungary. This mission will facilitate the return to human spaceflight for India, Poland, and Hungary, given that each nation’s first and only government-sponsored spaceflight had taken place more than 40 years ago. The Ax-4 crew members will represent their nations in Low Earth Orbit and perform scientific experiments and demonstrations that are of high national importance. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will be the first Indian to fly to the International Space Station, and the second Indian to fly to space after Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, who flew on a Soviet Mission in 1984. The Indian Government has paid almost $64mn(Rs.550cr) for Shukla's training and spaceflight as part of Axiom-4. As he circles the earth, Shukla will also be performing experiments in STEM(Science, Tech, Engineering, Math), and these will be made available as recorded educational videos, as part of the Axiom-4 mission outreach activity.

Announcing the new targeted launch date, the Indian Space agency ISRO said that the liquid oxygen leak in the Falcon 9 rocket has been successfully resolved.

Shubhanshu Shukla's Axiom-4 spaceflight to launch on June19

Our solar system today has eight planets. Till a few years back, Pluto was our ninth planet, until it was demoted to a dwarf planet. But some studies suggest that the ancient solar system once still had nine planets, minus Pluto. A little-known theory states that once upon a time, there were five gas giants - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and another planet. But, it is no longer here.What happened to it? Where did it go? It might be deep in interstellar space, wandering like a rogue planet, thanks to Jupiter. Or, it could be the elusive Planet Nine everyone has been talking about these days.&nbsp;It is believed that Jupiter kicked a planet out of the solar system billions of years ago. It was also a gas giant, but an icy world like Uranus and Neptune. The first time scientists proposed the existence of this other planet was in 2011. In the bid to explain the orbits of Earth and Mars, they reached the conclusion that things weren't always like this in the solar system. The current picture did not make sense.&nbsp;This led them to propose that another planet once resided in the solar system, and was kicked out around four billion years ago. But, they could not pinpoint the culprit - it could either be Jupiter or Saturn.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-tech/scientists-detect-strongest-hints-of-planet-nine-lurking-way-beyond-pluto-9025324">Planet Nine might exist after all as scientists detect something lurking way beyond Pluto</a>&nbsp;A study carried out by Canadian scientists in 2015 found that it was Jupiter after all that kicked out this mystery planet. "Our evidence points to Jupiter," said lead researcher Ryan Cloutier from the University of Toronto. It's like an "interplanetary chess game," he said.&nbsp;Jupiter hasn't always been where it is today in the solar system. The "Jumping-Jupiter" scenario proposes that the largest planet of the solar system migrated inwards towards the Sun, and in the process kicked out a planet. It did not move smoothly, but made several jumps, leading to the term "Jumping Jupiter."&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/is-there-a-planet-nine-nasas-new-telescope-might-soon-answer-the-question-774356">Is Planet Nine lurking in the solar system? We might know in 2025</a>&nbsp;Its gravitational influence was so strong because of its massive size that it likely disrupted the orbits of other gas giants. One of them got so close that it was ultimately slingshot out of the solar system.&nbsp;This migration is further explained by the Grand tack hypothesis. According to it, Jupiter formed at a distance of 3.5 AU from the Sun, then migrated inward to 1.5 AU. It captured Saturn in an orbital resonance, ultimately stabilising at 5.2 AU.&nbsp;<h2>Proof of the ninth planet</h2>&nbsp;The Oort cloud at the edge of the solar system contains tonnes of icy bodies. Scientists think that if a planet was ejected from the solar system, it could have scattered planetesimals, thus creating the Oort cloud. Besides, the current structure of the solar system also proves that there was a fifth gas giant.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/jupiter-was-an-even-bigger-monster-billions-of-years-ago-1747903607663">Jupiter was an even bigger monster billions of years ago, Amalthea and Thebe hold clues</a>&nbsp;All the comets, asteroids and other material in the solar system in the Kuiper Belt also likely occurred because of the planet's ejection.&nbsp;<h2>How was the criminal planet nailed down?</h2>&nbsp;Scientists at the University of Toronto decided to look at the moons of Jupiter and Saturn - Callisto and Iapetus, respectively. They investigated the probability of the moons having their current orbit if one of them had ejected a planet.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/voyager-spacecraft-crossed-wall-of-fire-to-reach-interstellar-space-what-is-it-1749714537835">Voyager spacecraft crossed 'wall of fire' to reach interstellar space. What is it?</a> &nbsp;"Ultimately, we found that Jupiter is capable of ejecting the fifth giant planet while retaining a moon with the orbit of Callisto," Cloutier wrote in the study published in The Astrophysical Journal.&nbsp;<h2>Where is the ninth planet?</h2>&nbsp;Scientists think that it could be wandering in the Milky Way, or maybe somewhere in deep space. However, for some years, scientists have been talking about a ninth planet, far beyond Neptune. They noted a change in the orbits of long-period objects in the Kuiper Belt, and think that Planet Nine could explain this strange phenomenon. Some think that this planet that was kicked out did not leave us after all, and in fact continues to orbit far off from the Sun, at about 400 and 800 AU (Astronomical Units) from our star. In comparison, Pluto is only 30 to 50 AU from our Sun.

Planet Nine? Jupiter might be the goon of all planets. Its sheer size and gravitational pull likely once threw a planet out of the solar system. Where did it go? It might be the same planet scientists think is Planet Nine. 

Our solar system today has eight planets. Till a few years back, Pluto was our ninth planet, until it was demoted to a dwarf planet. But some studies suggest that the ancient solar system once still had nine planets, minus Pluto. A little-known theory states that once upon a time, there were five gas giants - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and another planet. But, it is no longer here. What happened to it? Where did it go? It might be deep in interstellar space, wandering like a rogue planet, thanks to Jupiter. Or, it could be the elusive Planet Nine everyone has been talking about these days. It is believed that Jupiter kicked a planet out of the solar system billions of years ago. It was also a gas giant, but an icy world like Uranus and Neptune. The first time scientists proposed the existence of this other planet was in 2011. In the bid to explain the orbits of Earth and Mars, they reached the conclusion that things weren't always like this in the solar system. The current picture did not make sense. This led them to propose that another planet once resided in the solar system, and was kicked out around four billion years ago. But, they could not pinpoint the culprit - it could either be Jupiter or Saturn. Also Read: Planet Nine might exist after all as scientists detect something lurking way beyond Pluto A study carried out by Canadian scientists in 2015 found that it was Jupiter after all that kicked out this mystery planet. "Our evidence points to Jupiter," said lead researcher Ryan Cloutier from the University of Toronto. It's like an "interplanetary chess game," he said. Jupiter hasn't always been where it is today in the solar system. The "Jumping-Jupiter" scenario proposes that the largest planet of the solar system migrated inwards towards the Sun, and in the process kicked out a planet. It did not move smoothly, but made several jumps, leading to the term "Jumping Jupiter." Also Read: Is Planet Nine lurking in the solar system? We might know in 2025 Its gravitational influence was so strong because of its massive size that it likely disrupted the orbits of other gas giants. One of them got so close that it was ultimately slingshot out of the solar system. This migration is further explained by the Grand tack hypothesis. According to it, Jupiter formed at a distance of 3.5 AU from the Sun, then migrated inward to 1.5 AU. It captured Saturn in an orbital resonance, ultimately stabilising at 5.2 AU. Proof of the ninth planet The Oort cloud at the edge of the solar system contains tonnes of icy bodies. Scientists think that if a planet was ejected from the solar system, it could have scattered planetesimals, thus creating the Oort cloud. Besides, the current structure of the solar system also proves that there was a fifth gas giant. Also Read: Jupiter was an even bigger monster billions of years ago, Amalthea and Thebe hold clues All the comets, asteroids and other material in the solar system in the Kuiper Belt also likely occurred because of the planet's ejection. How was the criminal planet nailed down? Scientists at the University of Toronto decided to look at the moons of Jupiter and Saturn - Callisto and Iapetus, respectively. They investigated the probability of the moons having their current orbit if one of them had ejected a planet. Also Read: Voyager spacecraft crossed 'wall of fire' to reach interstellar space. What is it? "Ultimately, we found that Jupiter is capable of ejecting the fifth giant planet while retaining a moon with the orbit of Callisto," Cloutier wrote in the study published in The Astrophysical Journal. Where is the ninth planet? Scientists think that it could be wandering in the Milky Way, or maybe somewhere in deep space. However, for some years, scientists have been talking about a ninth planet, far beyond Neptune. They noted a change in the orbits of long-period objects in the Kuiper Belt, and think that Planet Nine could explain this strange phenomenon. Some think that this planet that was kicked out did not leave us after all, and in fact continues to orbit far off from the Sun, at about 400 and 800 AU (Astronomical Units) from our star. In comparison, Pluto is only 30 to 50 AU from our Sun.

Planet Nine? Jupiter might be the goon of all planets. Its sheer size and gravitational pull likely once threw a planet out of the solar system. Where did it go? It might be the same planet scientists think is Planet Nine.&nbsp;

One planet is missing from the solar system, blame 'Jumping Jupiter'

Dinosaurs are not the only predators that have walked the Earth. Nearly 252 million years ago, when Earth witnessed the "Great Dying" mass extinction, a beast continued to survive and thrive during the 200,000 years that followed. It was the Permian Extinction, and the animal was a terrifying predator of the era called Inostrancevia. All this while, the planet underwent several changes, but this creature beat all odds and escaped everything.&nbsp;The mass extinction killed 90 per cent of marine species and 70 per cent of land animals. But, Inostrancevia, a sabre-toothed creature, escaped unscathed. It travelled from its original location to avoid the catastrophe, researchers say.&nbsp;Scientists have believed that it only lived in Russia. But palaeontologists have found that it travelled to South Africa, as fossils in the region indicate. It was a form of survival instinct for the creature as life around it ended. Inostrancevia was not a dinosaur and lived way before the mammoth creatures. Nevertheless, it was no less than the dinosaurs, with its sharp teeth and unique skull shape.&nbsp;It measured 10 feet from nose to tail, was three feet tall at the shoulder and weighed nearly 816 kilos. What made it the best predator of its time were its teeth which were almost five inches long. It could cut through it right prey instantly. The predator also had extremely long legs, bigger than any other creature of the time.&nbsp;The Inostrancevia belonged to the Gorgonopsia family of ancient animals called proto-mammals or therapsids. Their attributes resembled those of both mammals and reptiles. Some of them evolved into modern mammals.&nbsp;The Northern Hemisphere, primarily Russia, was the only place this creature was believed to have lived in during the Permian Era till now. Scientists thought that another predator ruled the south. However, around 14 years ago, they found fossils in South Africa, in the Karoo Basin. Over the years, they put them together and realised it belonged to the Inostrancevia.&nbsp;This proved that the beast migrated during the Great Dying, travelling a whopping 11,265 kilometres across the supercontinent of Pangea to avoid going extinct. Scientists are now trying to understand how it survived the arduous journey during a mass extinction event.&nbsp;

Dinosaurs were not the first giant predators on Earth. Another creature with five-foot long teeth terrified other animals and survived a mass extinction event.

Dinosaurs are not the only predators that have walked the Earth. Nearly 252 million years ago, when Earth witnessed the "Great Dying" mass extinction, a beast continued to survive and thrive during the 200,000 years that followed. It was the Permian Extinction, and the animal was a terrifying predator of the era called Inostrancevia. All this while, the planet underwent several changes, but this creature beat all odds and escaped everything. The mass extinction killed 90 per cent of marine species and 70 per cent of land animals. But, Inostrancevia, a sabre-toothed creature, escaped unscathed. It travelled from its original location to avoid the catastrophe, researchers say. Scientists have believed that it only lived in Russia. But palaeontologists have found that it travelled to South Africa, as fossils in the region indicate. It was a form of survival instinct for the creature as life around it ended. Inostrancevia was not a dinosaur and lived way before the mammoth creatures. Nevertheless, it was no less than the dinosaurs, with its sharp teeth and unique skull shape. It measured 10 feet from nose to tail, was three feet tall at the shoulder and weighed nearly 816 kilos. What made it the best predator of its time were its teeth which were almost five inches long. It could cut through it right prey instantly. The predator also had extremely long legs, bigger than any other creature of the time. The Inostrancevia belonged to the Gorgonopsia family of ancient animals called proto-mammals or therapsids. Their attributes resembled those of both mammals and reptiles. Some of them evolved into modern mammals. The Northern Hemisphere, primarily Russia, was the only place this creature was believed to have lived in during the Permian Era till now. Scientists thought that another predator ruled the south. However, around 14 years ago, they found fossils in South Africa, in the Karoo Basin. Over the years, they put them together and realised it belonged to the Inostrancevia. This proved that the beast migrated during the Great Dying, travelling a whopping 11,265 kilometres across the supercontinent of Pangea to avoid going extinct. Scientists are now trying to understand how it survived the arduous journey during a mass extinction event.

Dinosaurs were not the first giant predators on Earth. Another creature with five-foot long teeth terrified other animals and survived a mass extinction event.

Terrifying beast walked 11,265km across Pangea to avoid extinction during Great Dying

Humpback whales have been trying to communicate with humans for years, but we have never noticed. Smoke-like rings in oceans have often been observed. Till now, scientists thought the whales were creating these rings while looking for food, or as an attempt to attract a mate. However, Researchers from the SETI Institute (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) have discovered that the ocean beasts are blowing these rings to attract humans.&nbsp;The SETI team said they are intentionally trying to communicate with humans, using the rings to say hello. The team thinks they have probably been doing it for years, but all along, we thought it was only linked to their food and love life. But that doesn't seem to be the case.&nbsp;SETI works to look for extraterrestrial intelligence and study the origins of life in the universe. The study has been published in Marine Mammal Science.&nbsp;Researchers at the organisation think that they can use this observation to dig deep into how similar communication might be happening in space by aliens, something we might have missed all this time.&nbsp;Study co-lead author Dr Fred Sharpe from the University of California-Davis said, "They are blowing bubble rings in our direction in an apparent attempt to playfully interact, observe our response, and/or engage in some form of communication."&nbsp;The WhaleSETI team is investigating whether this could be true. If intelligent marine life is using these rings to communicate with humans, it is possible that aliens of a distant world might be doing something similar.&nbsp;The team studied 12 bubble ring episodes from 11 different humpback whales between 2019 and 2023. These instances were reported by experts and common people on social media, interviews, conferences and other places. A total of 39 rings were reported by people on research ships and whale-watching boats.&nbsp;Nine times, the humpback whales blew the bubble rings near boats and swimmers. They continued to chase the boats without any intent to attack them, and in a friendly manner. They splashed their tails and sprayed water out of their blowholes. As they blew the bubble rings, they playfully moved around the people. Scientists think this is a clear sign that the whales are trying to communicate with humans, and saying, “Hey, let’s chat!” the researchers wrote.&nbsp;Using the latest discovery as an example of non-human intelligence, WhaleSETI researchers are looking for ways to locate and translate potential signals found in space. Extraterrestrials might use a similar approach to target satellite receivers on Earth, the authors said.

Humpback whales are using smoke ring signals to talk to humans. Could aliens in space be doing the same?

Humpback whales have been trying to communicate with humans for years, but we have never noticed. Smoke-like rings in oceans have often been observed. Till now, scientists thought the whales were creating these rings while looking for food, or as an attempt to attract a mate. However, Researchers from the SETI Institute (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) have discovered that the ocean beasts are blowing these rings to attract humans. The SETI team said they are intentionally trying to communicate with humans, using the rings to say hello. The team thinks they have probably been doing it for years, but all along, we thought it was only linked to their food and love life. But that doesn't seem to be the case. SETI works to look for extraterrestrial intelligence and study the origins of life in the universe. The study has been published in Marine Mammal Science. Researchers at the organisation think that they can use this observation to dig deep into how similar communication might be happening in space by aliens, something we might have missed all this time. Study co-lead author Dr Fred Sharpe from the University of California-Davis said, "They are blowing bubble rings in our direction in an apparent attempt to playfully interact, observe our response, and/or engage in some form of communication." The WhaleSETI team is investigating whether this could be true. If intelligent marine life is using these rings to communicate with humans, it is possible that aliens of a distant world might be doing something similar. The team studied 12 bubble ring episodes from 11 different humpback whales between 2019 and 2023. These instances were reported by experts and common people on social media, interviews, conferences and other places. A total of 39 rings were reported by people on research ships and whale-watching boats. Nine times, the humpback whales blew the bubble rings near boats and swimmers. They continued to chase the boats without any intent to attack them, and in a friendly manner. They splashed their tails and sprayed water out of their blowholes. As they blew the bubble rings, they playfully moved around the people. Scientists think this is a clear sign that the whales are trying to communicate with humans, and saying, “Hey, let’s chat!” the researchers wrote. Using the latest discovery as an example of non-human intelligence, WhaleSETI researchers are looking for ways to locate and translate potential signals found in space. Extraterrestrials might use a similar approach to target satellite receivers on Earth, the authors said.

Humpback whales are using smoke ring signals to talk to humans. Could aliens in space be doing the same?

Humpback whales blow rings to talk to humans. Scientists think aliens could be doing the same

The Voyager spacecraft - 1 and 2 - are deep in interstellar space. But there was a time when scientists weren't sure whether they would be able to penetrate the "wall of fire" at the edge of space. The probes were launched in 1977 and were meant to study the Sun's heliosphere at the edge of the solar system.&nbsp;Where does the solar system end?&nbsp;It could either be termed as the point where the planets end, or the point to which the Sun's magnetic field spreads.&nbsp;There is a point in space where a giant bubble shrouds the Sun and its planets. NASA says that this happens because of the "constant flow of charged particles called the solar wind" emitted by the sun, which "ultimately travels past all the planets to some three times the distance to Pluto before being impeded by the interstellar medium." The resultant bubble forms the heliosphere.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/esa-orbiter-beams-first-ever-visuals-of-sun-s-messy-south-pole-during-pole-to-pole-trip-1749708998559">ESA Orbiter beams first-ever visuals of Sun's 'messy' south pole during pole-to-pole trip</a>&nbsp;From this point begins the heliopause, the edge of the heliosphere. "The boundary between solar wind and interstellar wind is the heliopause, where the pressure of the two winds is in balance," NASA states.&nbsp;When the Voyager probes reached this point, they encountered temperatures of 54,000-90,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Could they pass it?&nbsp;This place is called "the wall of fire" because of the intense heat. But both Voyagers managed to survive and cross into interstellar space despite the presence of extremely energetic particles. However, they weren't enough in numbers to cause a collision and transfer heat to the Voyagers.While Voyager 1 went beyond the heliosphere on August 25, 2012, Voyager 2 crossed over to the other side in 2018.&nbsp;Scientists were also able to learn that the heliopause is not static. As the "solar wind turns back and flows down the tail of the heliosphere," the heliopause expands and contracts. This was proved because the Voyager spacecraft reached the "wall of fire" at different distances from the sun.Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are still going strong years after they were supposed to end their missions. The former is expected to send data till 2030 and the latter well into the 2030s.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 encountered the “wall of fire”, burning up at 54,000-90,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the edge of the solar system. They both passed through to interstellar space.

The Voyager spacecraft - 1 and 2 - are deep in interstellar space. But there was a time when scientists weren't sure whether they would be able to penetrate the "wall of fire" at the edge of space. The probes were launched in 1977 and were meant to study the Sun's heliosphere at the edge of the solar system. Where does the solar system end? It could either be termed as the point where the planets end, or the point to which the Sun's magnetic field spreads. There is a point in space where a giant bubble shrouds the Sun and its planets. NASA says that this happens because of the "constant flow of charged particles called the solar wind" emitted by the sun, which "ultimately travels past all the planets to some three times the distance to Pluto before being impeded by the interstellar medium." The resultant bubble forms the heliosphere. Also Read: ESA Orbiter beams first-ever visuals of Sun's 'messy' south pole during pole-to-pole trip From this point begins the heliopause, the edge of the heliosphere. "The boundary between solar wind and interstellar wind is the heliopause, where the pressure of the two winds is in balance," NASA states. When the Voyager probes reached this point, they encountered temperatures of 54,000-90,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Could they pass it? This place is called "the wall of fire" because of the intense heat. But both Voyagers managed to survive and cross into interstellar space despite the presence of extremely energetic particles. However, they weren't enough in numbers to cause a collision and transfer heat to the Voyagers. While Voyager 1 went beyond the heliosphere on August 25, 2012, Voyager 2 crossed over to the other side in 2018. Scientists were also able to learn that the heliopause is not static. As the "solar wind turns back and flows down the tail of the heliosphere," the heliopause expands and contracts. This was proved because the Voyager spacecraft reached the "wall of fire" at different distances from the sun. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are still going strong years after they were supposed to end their missions. The former is expected to send data till 2030 and the latter well into the 2030s.

Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 encountered the “wall of fire”, burning up at 54,000-90,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the edge of the solar system. They both passed through to interstellar space.

Voyager spacecraft crossed 'wall of fire' to reach interstellar space. What is it?

Humans just got their first look at the Sun's poles. The European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter captured unprecedented visuals of Earth's star. This is the first time that we have seen a photo and video of the Sun that is not from its equatorial region.The reason why we have never before captured such an image of the sun is that Earth, other planets of the solar system, and all other operational spacecraft orbit the Sun within a flat disc called the ecliptic plane. The ESA orbiter tilted its orbit to move out of this plane, from where it saw the Sun in a whole new light, and at a new angle.&nbsp;“Today we reveal humankind’s first-ever views of the Sun’s pole,” Prof. Carole Mundell, ESA's Director of Science, said.&nbsp;“The Sun is our nearest star, giver of life and potential disruptor of modern space and ground power systems, so it is imperative that we understand how it works and learn to predict its behaviour. These new, unique views from our Solar Orbiter mission are the beginning of a new era of solar science.”&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/34-million-year-old-world-discovered-buried-deep-inside-antarctic-ice-1749703933178">34-million-year-old world discovered buried deep inside Antarctic ice</a>&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">🌞 See the Sun from a whole new angle. For the first time, our Solar Orbiter mission has captured close-up images of the Sun’s mysterious poles, regions long hidden from our view. In 2025, Solar Orbiter gave us a first-ever look at the Sun’s south pole. Remarkably, it… <a href="https://t.co/EhyYxtDyaR">pic.twitter.com/EhyYxtDyaR</a>&mdash; European Space Agency (@esa) <a href="https://twitter.com/esa/status/1932800903397920797?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 11, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

The iconic photos were taken between March 16 and 17 this year with the Solar Orbiter's Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI), Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI), and Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) instruments.&nbsp;<h2>ESA Orbiter snaps high-angle images of Sun for first time</h2>&nbsp;For the first time, the solar orbiter snapped the sun at a high angle, from 15 degrees below the solar equator. The orbiter is pushing further and later reached a maximum viewing angle of 17 degrees. Its latest mission - perform its first "pole-to-pole" orbit of our star.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/starlink-satellites-are-leaking-signals-that-are-blocking-the-study-of-early-universe-1749534527194">10,000 times stronger: A leak in Starlink satellites is blocking signals from first stars of the universe</a>&nbsp;Scientists say the best views of the Sun are yet to come as the orbiter moves forward with its journey around the Sun's poles, tilting its orbit even more.&nbsp;"These first images of the solar poles are just the start. Over the next few years, there is scope for discovery science," Hamish Reid of the Mullard Space Science Laboratory at University College London (UCL) told Space.com.&nbsp;"We are not sure what we will find, and it is likely we will see things that we didn't know about before."&nbsp;<h2>Why Sun's magnetic field flips every 11 years</h2>&nbsp;Scientists think that the new observations will help them learn more about the sun, including its magnetic field and why it flips roughly every 11 years. Right now, the sun is at peak activity, releasing solar flares and plasma into space.&nbsp;ESA stated that the images show that the Sun’s magnetic field is currently a mess. Instead of having a clear north and south pole, its south pole has both north and south polarity magnetic fields. "This happens only for a short time during each solar cycle, at solar maximum, when the Sun’s magnetic field flips and is at its most active," the ESA said.After this happens, a single polarity will gradually build at the Sun's poles.

Sun's poles photos: European Space Agency's solar orbiter has captured photos of the Sun's poles for the first time ever. It is now performing its first pole-to-pole orbit of our star.

Humans just got their first look at the Sun's poles. The European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter captured unprecedented visuals of Earth's star. This is the first time that we have seen a photo and video of the Sun that is not from its equatorial region. The reason why we have never before captured such an image of the sun is that Earth, other planets of the solar system, and all other operational spacecraft orbit the Sun within a flat disc called the ecliptic plane. The ESA orbiter tilted its orbit to move out of this plane, from where it saw the Sun in a whole new light, and at a new angle. “Today we reveal humankind’s first-ever views of the Sun’s pole,” Prof. Carole Mundell, ESA's Director of Science, said. “The Sun is our nearest star, giver of life and potential disruptor of modern space and ground power systems, so it is imperative that we understand how it works and learn to predict its behaviour. These new, unique views from our Solar Orbiter mission are the beginning of a new era of solar science.” Also Read: 34-million-year-old world discovered buried deep inside Antarctic ice

Sun's poles photos: European Space Agency's solar orbiter has captured visuals of the Sun's poles for the first time ever. It is now performing its first "pole-to-pole" orbit of our star.

ESA Orbiter beams first-ever visuals of Sun's 'messy' south pole during pole-to-pole trip

Scientists have discovered an ancient world buried deep within Antarctic ice. Sitting over a mile underneath the surface in East Antarctica is a land that existed more than 34 million years ago. Satellite data and ice-penetrating radar show that it comprised rivers, forests, and palm trees. Researchers involved with the discovery described it as "uncovering a time capsule."&nbsp;The hidden landscape was found in a remote region known as Wilkes Land. It is estimated to be more than 12,000 square miles in size. The ridges, valleys and ground underneath the Antarctic ice drifted south along with the continent tens of millions of years ago when the supercontinent of Gondwana started breaking apart.&nbsp;Due to this movement, a powerful ocean current was formed around the continent. It was cut off from the warmer waters, and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels dropped. This cooling event is what froze the continent, forming Antarctica.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/1-500-year-old-map-archaeologists-lost-city-of-tharais-byzantine-empire-jordan-1749642626966">The lost city of Tharais once part of Jordan's Holy Lands has been found</a>&nbsp;Around 14 million years ago, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet continued to expand and engulf the area in ice.&nbsp;Professor Stewart Jamieson, lead author of the study from Durham University, said, "The land underneath the East Antarctic ice sheet is less well-known than the surface of Mars."&nbsp;"What we find is an ancient land surface that has not been eroded by the ice sheet, and instead it looks like it was created by rivers before the ice came along," Professor Jamieson added.&nbsp;<h2>3,900-feet-deep valleys discovered in Antarctica&nbsp;</h2>The discovery includes deep valleys that separate three massive blocks of elevated ground. The blocks measure between 120 and 168 kilometres long, and up to 85 km wide. The valleys are 40 kilometres wide and plunge to a depth of nearly 3,900 feet.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/-futuristic-ufo-buga-sphere-has-wires-increased-in-weight-invisible-energy-dried-up-grass-around-it-shocking-claims-by-mexican-scientists-1749546077492">UFO Buga sphere has wires; 'invisible energy' dried up grass around it, SHOCKING claims by Mexican scientists</a>&nbsp;The landscape has been perfectly preserved because the ice in East Antarctica is extremely cold and slow-moving, shifting only about 16 feet per year. In scientific terms, it is known as a "cold-based" ice sheet, which means that the ice is frozen to the ground. This has kept everything intact, including the long-lost landscape.&nbsp;Neil Ross, professor of environmental geophysics at Newcastle University and a co-author of the study, says the landscape has been "hidden in plain sight for many years" and can reveal a lot about "the early and long-term history of the East Antarctic ice sheet."&nbsp;Using satellite imagery, the researchers detected small bumps on the surface. Computer simulations revealed the land and the fact that it hasn't remained still. The sheer weight of ice has led it to rise by as much as 1,600 feet. &nbsp;

Antarctica is hiding a hidden world: Scientists have discovered a long-lost landscape comprising ridges, valleys and high ground that drifted south when Gondwana broke apart.

Scientists have discovered an ancient world buried deep within Antarctic ice. Sitting over a mile underneath the surface in East Antarctica is a land that existed more than 34 million years ago. Satellite data and ice-penetrating radar show that it comprised rivers, forests, and palm trees. Researchers involved with the discovery described it as "uncovering a time capsule." The hidden landscape was found in a remote region known as Wilkes Land. It is estimated to be more than 12,000 square miles in size. The ridges, valleys and ground underneath the Antarctic ice drifted south along with the continent tens of millions of years ago when the supercontinent of Gondwana started breaking apart. Due to this movement, a powerful ocean current was formed around the continent. It was cut off from the warmer waters, and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels dropped. This cooling event is what froze the continent, forming Antarctica. Also Read: The lost city of Tharais once part of Jordan's Holy Lands has been found Around 14 million years ago, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet continued to expand and engulf the area in ice. Professor Stewart Jamieson, lead author of the study from Durham University, said, "The land underneath the East Antarctic ice sheet is less well-known than the surface of Mars." "What we find is an ancient land surface that has not been eroded by the ice sheet, and instead it looks like it was created by rivers before the ice came along," Professor Jamieson added. 3,900-feet-deep valleys discovered in Antarctica The discovery includes deep valleys that separate three massive blocks of elevated ground. The blocks measure between 120 and 168 kilometres long, and up to 85 km wide. The valleys are 40 kilometres wide and plunge to a depth of nearly 3,900 feet. Also Read: UFO Buga sphere has wires; 'invisible energy' dried up grass around it, SHOCKING claims by Mexican scientists The landscape has been perfectly preserved because the ice in East Antarctica is extremely cold and slow-moving, shifting only about 16 feet per year. In scientific terms, it is known as a "cold-based" ice sheet, which means that the ice is frozen to the ground. This has kept everything intact, including the long-lost landscape. Neil Ross, professor of environmental geophysics at Newcastle University and a co-author of the study, says the landscape has been "hidden in plain sight for many years" and can reveal a lot about "the early and long-term history of the East Antarctic ice sheet." Using satellite imagery, the researchers detected small bumps on the surface. Computer simulations revealed the land and the fact that it hasn't remained still. The sheer weight of ice has led it to rise by as much as 1,600 feet.

Antarctica is hiding a hidden world: Scientists have discovered a long-lost landscape comprising ridges, valleys and high ground that drifted south when Gondwana broke apart.

34-million-year-old world discovered buried deep inside Antarctic ice

Axiom-4 space mission has been delayed for the second time due to an oxygen leak, and the next date of launch is yet to be announced. Group Captain Shukla will script history for the country, and will be the first Indian astronaut to fly to NASA’s International Space Station under a private mission.&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Postponement of Axiom 04 mission slated for launch on 11th June 2025 for sending first Indian Gaganyatri to ISS. As part of launch vehicle preparation to validate the performance of booster stage of Falcon 9 launch vehicle, seven second of hot test was carried out on the launch…&mdash; ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1932605652360442184?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 11, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

After the announcement of the second postponement, Dr V Narayanan Secretary Department of Space at ISRO issued a statement, he said, “Postponement of Axiom 04 mission slated for launch on 11th June 2025 for sending first Indian Gaganyatri to ISS. As part of launch vehicle preparation to validate the performance of booster stage of Falcon 9 launch vehicle, seven second of hot test was carried out on the launch pad. It is understood that LOX leakage was detected in the propulsion bay during the test. Based on the discussion on this topic by ISRO team with the experts of Axiom and SpaceX it has been decided to correct the leak and carry out necessary validation test before clearing for the launch.”&nbsp;Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/another-axiom-4-mission-delay-what-caused-spacex-falcon-9-oxygen-leak-before-shubhanshu-shukla-historic-spaceflight-1749619908135">Another Axiom-4 mission delay: What caused SpaceX Falcon 9’s oxygen leak before Shubhanshu Shukla’s historic spaceflight?</a>&nbsp;He added, “Hence the launch of Axiom 04 slated for 11th June 2025 for sending first Indian Gaganyatri to ISS is postponed.”&nbsp;A tweet from SpaceX handle read: “Standing down from tomorrow’s Falcon 9 launch of Ax-4 to the @Space_Station to allow additional time for SpaceX teams to repair the LOx leak identified during post static fire booster inspections. Once complete – and pending Range availability – we will share a new launch date.”

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Standing down from tomorrow’s Falcon 9 launch of Ax-4 to the <a href="https://twitter.com/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Space_Station</a> to allow additional time for SpaceX teams to repair the LOx leak identified during post static fire booster inspections. Once complete – and pending Range availability – we will share a new launch date <a href="https://t.co/FwRc8k2Bc0">pic.twitter.com/FwRc8k2Bc0</a>&mdash; SpaceX (@SpaceX) <a href="https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1932599956336173058?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 11, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

The Indian Air Force officer was selected under ISRO’s Human Spaceflight Program (HSP), he is also one of the leading contenders for the country’s maiden Ganganyaan mission. &nbsp;

Axiom-4 space mission has been delayed for the second time due to an oxygen leak, and the next date of launch is yet to be announced. Group Captain Shukla will script history for the India.

Axiom-4 space mission has been delayed for the second time due to an oxygen leak, and the next date of launch is yet to be announced. Group Captain Shukla will script history for the country, and will be the first Indian astronaut to fly to NASA’s International Space Station under a private mission.

Axiom-4 space mission has been delayed for the second time due to an oxygen leak, and the next date of launch is yet to be announced. Group Captain Shukla will script history for the India.

ISRO issues statement on repeated delays in launch of Axiom-4 mission

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