Does God exist? For centuries, humans have tried to answer this question but it remains a topic of debate between believers and non-believers. Now a Harvard scientist has claimed that the answer is embedded in science and maths. He cites a mathematical formula that proves God is a reality.
Dr Willie Soon, an astrophysicist and aerospace engineer, speaking on the Tucker Carlson Network, said that seeing how the conditions have a perfect balance and suited to life, it is highly unlikely that all of it merely occurred by chance. This is known as the fine-tune argument.
He said that the universe was intentionally created this way and the prediction of antimatter in 1928 proves that this is true. The existence of antimatter and its proportion indicates that the universe was designed in a way to let life thrive.
Soon said that when the Big Bang happened, it created both matter and antimatter. The latter exists in a lesser amount than matter, and this is what helped life come to be.
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Antimatter has the opposite charge of matter, and if both had been present in equal amounts, they would cancel each other out, Soon said. So the imbalance between them is seen as being deliberate.
<h2>How Paul Dirac's equation proved God's existence</h2>
Soon pointed out to Cambridge professor Paul Dirac who accidentally found antimatter long before it was scientifically confirmed in 1932. Dirace was trying to decode why some particles move faster than the speed of light. He combined Albert Einstein's famous E=mc equation with Schr&ouml;dinger's equation from quantum mechanics. It did not work initially, but after he added an extra type of electron with negative energy, it seemed simple. Dirac knew at this point that what he was looking at was true.
However, scientists didn't know what it was at the time. But almost 10 years later, cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere led to the discovery of antimatter.
<figure class="image"><img alt="Dirac equation" src="https://img-cdn.thepublive.com/fit-in/500x300/filters:format(webp)/wion/media/media_files/2025/03/06/A6DkhyTq4gj001yQQeWT.png" style="width: 500px;">
<figcaption>Dirac equation Photograph: (Others)</figcaption>
</figure>
&nbsp;
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Alluding to the existence of God, Dirac, in 1963, wrote, that "fundamental physical laws are described in terms of mathematical theory of great beauty and power" which need "quite a high standard of mathematics for one to understand it".
"One could perhaps describe the situation by saying that God is a mathematician of a very high order, and He used very advanced mathematics in constructing the universe."
<h2>Other scientists who say they found God</h2>
Other scientists who have used the fine-tune argument include Richard Swinburne and Robin Collins. They say that the state of existence of various elements in the universe proves that a higher power is at work. For example, gravity is just right, since if it was slightly weaker, galaxies, stars and planets would not have formed.
Meanwhile, a stronger gravity would lead the universe to collapse into a black hole. Similarly, the rate at which the universe expands is also baffling. The two scientists say it could have expanded too quickly or collapsed too soon, and in either case, life wouldn't have formed in the universe.

Science & Tech Trending - Antimatter has the opposite charge of matter, and if both had been present in equal amounts, they would cancel each other out.

Does God exist? For centuries, humans have tried to answer this question but it remains a topic of debate between believers and non-believers. Now a Harvard scientist has claimed that the answer is embedded in science and maths. He cites a mathematical formula that proves God is a reality. Dr Willie Soon, an astrophysicist and aerospace engineer, speaking on the Tucker Carlson Network, said that seeing how the conditions have a perfect balance and suited to life, it is highly unlikely that all of it merely occurred by chance. This is known as the fine-tune argument. He said that the universe was intentionally created this way and the prediction of antimatter in 1928 proves that this is true. The existence of antimatter and its proportion indicates that the universe was designed in a way to let life thrive. Soon said that when the Big Bang happened, it created both matter and antimatter. The latter exists in a lesser amount than matter, and this is what helped life come to be. Also Read: 'Worse than today': World in 2035 will be dark and scary, over 350 experts say Antimatter has the opposite charge of matter, and if both had been present in equal amounts, they would cancel each other out, Soon said. So the imbalance between them is seen as being deliberate. How Paul Dirac's equation proved God's existence Soon pointed out to Cambridge professor Paul Dirac who accidentally found antimatter long before it was scientifically confirmed in 1932. Dirace was trying to decode why some particles move faster than the speed of light. He combined Albert Einstein's famous E=mc equation with Schrödinger's equation from quantum mechanics. It did not work initially, but after he added an extra type of electron with negative energy, it seemed simple. Dirac knew at this point that what he was looking at was true. However, scientists didn't know what it was at the time. But almost 10 years later, cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere led to the discovery of antimatter. Dirac equation Photograph: (Others) Also Read: Water may have first formed 100–200 million years after Big Bang Alluding to the existence of God, Dirac, in 1963, wrote, that "fundamental physical laws are described in terms of mathematical theory of great beauty and power" which need "quite a high standard of mathematics for one to understand it". "One could perhaps describe the situation by saying that God is a mathematician of a very high order, and He used very advanced mathematics in constructing the universe." Other scientists who say they found God Other scientists who have used the fine-tune argument include Richard Swinburne and Robin Collins. They say that the state of existence of various elements in the universe proves that a higher power is at work. For example, gravity is just right, since if it was slightly weaker, galaxies, stars and planets would not have formed. Meanwhile, a stronger gravity would lead the universe to collapse into a black hole. Similarly, the rate at which the universe expands is also baffling. The two scientists say it could have expanded too quickly or collapsed too soon, and in either case, life wouldn't have formed in the universe.

God exists, and the proof lies in a mathematical equation, expert says

Scientists have been for years trying to find alien life in the vast expanse of the universe. Several probes have been launched that are still drifting in space and dozens of high-end telescopes aim to learn the possibility of life on another planet. While we are still waiting to learn if someone else is out there or not, astronomers have now cancelled out certain bodies where life can never exist so no time needs to be wasted in exploring such exoplanets.
Sulfur has emerged as the key in this case, with scientists saying that its existence on a planet is a clear indication that it is uninhabited. So, such a body can instantly be struck off the list of potential candidates where life might exist.&nbsp;
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<h2>Searching for life through biosignatures</h2>
Right now, the way to know about the existence of life on another planet is through the presence of biosignatures, the atmospheric gases produced by life, on a planet. The problem is that it is not possible for high-end equipment, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, to identify biosignatures on nearby planets. The Habitable Worlds Observatory, which will soon be up and running, would be able to scan only a few potentially habitable exoplanets.&nbsp;
<h2>Looking for water vapour</h2>
Instead of searching for biosignatures, scientists are focussing on a planet's ability to host life. Looking for the presence of water vapour in its atmosphere is one such way. If a planet has a lot of water vapour, the chances of it being able to host life are high.
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But this method also has a hindrance. Some planets, like Earth and Venus, appear to be similar when looked at from great distances. However, we know that they are not the same. Venus has a thick atmosphere, with temperatures reaching over 800 degrees Fahrenheit (427 degrees Celsius) and a hostile environment.
<h2>Clue for alien life lies in one gas</h2>
In this quest, a new preprint paper suggests looking for sulfur dioxide. Earth is warm and wet where rains wash away sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere. So the presence of this gas becomes a good indication of life when looking outwards. However, a small twist in the tale here is that even Venus has very little sulfur in its upper atmosphere. This is because ultraviolet radiation from the sun leads to reactions that convert sulfur dioxide to hydrogen sulfide. It moves downwards into the lower atmosphere, where it can't be detected.
When looking for life elsewhere, red dwarfs offer a solution to the above glitch. They emit very little ultraviolet radiation and a dry, uninhabitable planet around a red dwarf would hence have a lot of sulfur dioxide in its upper atmosphere. Red dwarfs are present in abundance not only in our galaxy but also in our nearest neighbours, Proxima Centauri and &nbsp;TRAPPIST-1. Many of them host planets as well. This makes the sulfur equation a practical way to strike out candidates when looking for otherworldly life.&nbsp;
It cannot tell where life exists, but it can tell where life doesn't exist. A planet revolving around a red dwarf and containing lots of sulfur can immediately be ignored as a potential candidate for hosting life.&nbsp;

Science & Tech News - Space News - Alien life might exist somewhere in the universe, but we still don't know for sure. However, there is one way to know where it might not exist.

Scientists have been for years trying to find alien life in the vast expanse of the universe. Several probes have been launched that are still drifting in space and dozens of high-end telescopes aim to learn the possibility of life on another planet. While we are still waiting to learn if someone else is out there or not, astronomers have now cancelled out certain bodies where life can never exist so no time needs to be wasted in exploring such exoplanets. Sulfur has emerged as the key in this case, with scientists saying that its existence on a planet is a clear indication that it is uninhabited. So, such a body can instantly be struck off the list of potential candidates where life might exist. Also Read: NASA bumps up probability of 'city killer' asteroid 2024-YR4 slamming into our planet Earth in 8 years Searching for life through biosignatures Right now, the way to know about the existence of life on another planet is through the presence of biosignatures, the atmospheric gases produced by life, on a planet. The problem is that it is not possible for high-end equipment, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, to identify biosignatures on nearby planets. The Habitable Worlds Observatory, which will soon be up and running, would be able to scan only a few potentially habitable exoplanets. Looking for water vapour Instead of searching for biosignatures, scientists are focussing on a planet's ability to host life. Looking for the presence of water vapour in its atmosphere is one such way. If a planet has a lot of water vapour, the chances of it being able to host life are high. Also Read: 'Cloudgazing on Mars': NASA's Curiosity rover captures colourful clouds on Mars But this method also has a hindrance. Some planets, like Earth and Venus, appear to be similar when looked at from great distances. However, we know that they are not the same. Venus has a thick atmosphere, with temperatures reaching over 800 degrees Fahrenheit (427 degrees Celsius) and a hostile environment. Clue for alien life lies in one gas In this quest, a new preprint paper suggests looking for sulfur dioxide. Earth is warm and wet where rains wash away sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere. So the presence of this gas becomes a good indication of life when looking outwards. However, a small twist in the tale here is that even Venus has very little sulfur in its upper atmosphere. This is because ultraviolet radiation from the sun leads to reactions that convert sulfur dioxide to hydrogen sulfide. It moves downwards into the lower atmosphere, where it can't be detected. When looking for life elsewhere, red dwarfs offer a solution to the above glitch. They emit very little ultraviolet radiation and a dry, uninhabitable planet around a red dwarf would hence have a lot of sulfur dioxide in its upper atmosphere. Red dwarfs are present in abundance not only in our galaxy but also in our nearest neighbours, Proxima Centauri and TRAPPIST-1. Many of them host planets as well. This makes the sulfur equation a practical way to strike out candidates when looking for otherworldly life. It cannot tell where life exists, but it can tell where life doesn't exist. A planet revolving around a red dwarf and containing lots of sulfur can immediately be ignored as a potential candidate for hosting life.

Aliens cannot live on a planet where this one element is present, scientists say

Astronomers have identified "Quipu," the largest known structure in the universe, stretching billions of light-years across. This cosmic giant challenges our understanding of the universe's formation and scale. Scientists are now studying its origins and significance.

Quipu: Astronomers spot the largest known object in the universe

Astronomers unveil Quipu, a true cosmic giant

Comet visits to the inner solar system continue in 2025. An icy space rock from the Oort cloud will come extremely close to the Sun in the second week of January, and if it manages to survive the trip, it would make for a wonderful spectacle from Earth as well.
Comet ATLAS (C/2024) G3 will reach its closest point to the sun on Jan 13, 2025. At perihelion, the comet will be just 8.3 million miles (13.5 million kilometres) from the sun. On the same day, Comet G3 will also appear at its brightest from Earth. Notably, Mercury is nearly 29 million miles (47 million kilometres) from the sun.
It was discovered on April 5, 2024, by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) system of telescopes.
However, whether or not it will survive the heat of the sun is still not clear. If it does, it would be the brightest comet of 2025.
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But it would be visible to the naked eye only in the Southern Hemisphere. In 2024, when Comet A3 travelled to the inside of the solar system, it was spotted by several stargazers in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.
Comet G3 is expected to become as bright as Venus. According to The Planetary Society, the comet's brightness would be at a magnitude of -4.5 during January 2025 and it will travel in the constellation Sagittarius.
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<h2>Will Comet G3 survive the Sun?</h2>
The comet will get too close to the sun, making experts wonder whether it will survive the trip. Experts are hopeful since its orbital path suggests that the last time it visited the inner solar system was about 160,000 years ago. This means that it likely escaped unscathed at the time.&nbsp;
"It will be strongly heated and may not survive," said Nick James, director of the British Astronomical Association's comet section, as per Space.com.
"But if it does, it may be an impressive object in the evening sky from the southern hemisphere after perihelion."
James also cautioned that since the comet will be extremely close to the sun, only "experienced observers" should attempt to view it as otherwise it might prove dangerous.
The bright moon around the time of comet G3's perihelion will also make viewing it tough. January's full "Cold Moon" will rise opposite the comet on the eastern horizon on Jan 13.

Comet ATLAS (C/2024) G3 is the latest visitor to the solar system and might become visible on January 13. But experts are worried that the sun might kill it.

Comet visits to the inner solar system continue in 2025. An icy space rock from the Oort cloud will come extremely close to the Sun in the second week of January, and if it manages to survive the trip, it would make for a wonderful spectacle from Earth as well. Comet ATLAS (C/2024) G3 will reach its closest point to the sun on Jan 13, 2025. At perihelion, the comet will be just 8.3 million miles (13.5 million kilometres) from the sun. On the same day, Comet G3 will also appear at its brightest from Earth. Notably, Mercury is nearly 29 million miles (47 million kilometres) from the sun. It was discovered on April 5, 2024, by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) system of telescopes. However, whether or not it will survive the heat of the sun is still not clear. If it does, it would be the brightest comet of 2025. Also Read: Another 'devil' comet? Volcanic icy body witnesses multiple violent explosions But it would be visible to the naked eye only in the Southern Hemisphere. In 2024, when Comet A3 travelled to the inside of the solar system, it was spotted by several stargazers in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. Comet G3 is expected to become as bright as Venus. According to The Planetary Society, the comet's brightness would be at a magnitude of -4.5 during January 2025 and it will travel in the constellation Sagittarius. Also Read: NASA spacecraft makes history by getting closest-ever to Sun Will Comet G3 survive the Sun? The comet will get too close to the sun, making experts wonder whether it will survive the trip. Experts are hopeful since its orbital path suggests that the last time it visited the inner solar system was about 160,000 years ago. This means that it likely escaped unscathed at the time. "It will be strongly heated and may not survive," said Nick James, director of the British Astronomical Association's comet section, as per Space.com. "But if it does, it may be an impressive object in the evening sky from the southern hemisphere after perihelion." James also cautioned that since the comet will be extremely close to the sun, only "experienced observers" should attempt to view it as otherwise it might prove dangerous. The bright moon around the time of comet G3's perihelion will also make viewing it tough. January's full "Cold Moon" will rise opposite the comet on the eastern horizon on Jan 13.

Comet G3 whose last trip was when an extinct human species roamed Earth is returning

Scientists in Australia have gathered evidence that our universe is constantly vibrating. They used the largest gravitational wave detector to confirm the earlier reports that there is an ongoing rumble which is likely caused by black holes at the centre of galaxies colliding with each other.

The detector looked at several rapidly spinning neutron stars across the galaxy and discovered that the gravitational wave background might be louder than previously thought, The Conversation reported.

The study carried out by Matthew Miles, Swinburne University of Technology and Rowina Nathan, Monash University, was published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space and time. The collision of incredibly dense and massive objects, such as black holes, creates these waves. To study black holes, scientists look for these gravitational waves which are emitted when the black holes orbit around or near each other.

The biggest black holes emit the slowest and most powerful waves. Scientists didn't know about their existence until last year. The current detector on Earth can notice high-frequency gravitational waves which occur when smaller black holes collide.&nbsp;

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In their latest paper published on Dec 3, scientists say that they found more evidence hinting at the existence of low-frequency gravitational waves. They say their findings suggest that the universe is more active than anticipated.

<h2>Supermassive black holes</h2>

Supermassive black holes, directly observed once for the first time in 2019, are believed to exist at the centre of most galaxies. They are billions of times the mass of our sun, and hard to study.

"When two galaxies merge, the black holes at their centres begin to spiral toward each other. In this process they send out slow, powerful gravitational waves that give us an opportunity to study them," the authors said.

They did so using another cosmic wonder&nbsp;called pulsars. These are like lighthouses in space that spin hundreds of times per second and send out pulses of radiation from far away. They used the MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa to observe these spinning lighthouses.

The authors said, "If we observe many pulsars over the same period of time, and we’re wrong about when the pulses hit us in a very specific way, then we know a gravitational wave is stretching or squeezing the space between the Earth and the pulsars."

"Instead of seeing just one wave, we expect to see a cosmic ocean full of waves crisscrossing in all directions: the echoing ripples of all the galactic mergers in the history of the universe."

MeerKAT helped them find a pattern associated with a gravitational wave background and led them to something never seen before.&nbsp;"The pattern representing how space and time between Earth and the pulsars changes due to gravitational waves passing between them is more powerful than we expected," they said.

This led them to conclude that there are a lot more supermassive black holes than earlier imagined. They created detailed maps of the gravitational wave background using their data. Scientists also think that these waves might be coming from other sources, such as the early universe, or other cosmic events.

The team is undertaking further studies to learn more about these waves.

Scientists in Australia have gathered evidence that our universe is constantly vibrating. They used the largest gravitational wave detector to confirm the earlier reports that there is an ongoing rumble which is likely caused by black holes at the centre of galaxies colliding with each other.

Scientists in Australia have gathered evidence that our universe is constantly vibrating. They used the largest gravitational wave detector to confirm the earlier reports that there is an ongoing rumble which is likely caused by black holes at the centre of galaxies colliding with each other. The detector looked at several rapidly spinning neutron stars across the galaxy and discovered that the gravitational wave background might be louder than previously thought, The Conversation reported. The study carried out by Matthew Miles, Swinburne University of Technology and Rowina Nathan, Monash University, was published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space and time. The collision of incredibly dense and massive objects, such as black holes, creates these waves. To study black holes, scientists look for these gravitational waves which are emitted when the black holes orbit around or near each other. The biggest black holes emit the slowest and most powerful waves. Scientists didn't know about their existence until last year. The current detector on Earth can notice high-frequency gravitational waves which occur when smaller black holes collide. Also Read: Asteroid that hit US had a surprising effect on Earth, study finds In their latest paper published on Dec 3, scientists say that they found more evidence hinting at the existence of low-frequency gravitational waves. They say their findings suggest that the universe is more active than anticipated. Supermassive black holes Supermassive black holes, directly observed once for the first time in 2019, are believed to exist at the centre of most galaxies. They are billions of times the mass of our sun, and hard to study. "When two galaxies merge, the black holes at their centres begin to spiral toward each other. In this process they send out slow, powerful gravitational waves that give us an opportunity to study them," the authors said. They did so using another cosmic wonder called pulsars. These are like lighthouses in space that spin hundreds of times per second and send out pulses of radiation from far away. They used the MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa to observe these spinning lighthouses. The authors said, "If we observe many pulsars over the same period of time, and we’re wrong about when the pulses hit us in a very specific way, then we know a gravitational wave is stretching or squeezing the space between the Earth and the pulsars." "Instead of seeing just one wave, we expect to see a cosmic ocean full of waves crisscrossing in all directions: the echoing ripples of all the galactic mergers in the history of the universe." MeerKAT helped them find a pattern associated with a gravitational wave background and led them to something never seen before. "The pattern representing how space and time between Earth and the pulsars changes due to gravitational waves passing between them is more powerful than we expected," they said. This led them to conclude that there are a lot more supermassive black holes than earlier imagined. They created detailed maps of the gravitational wave background using their data. Scientists also think that these waves might be coming from other sources, such as the early universe, or other cosmic events. The team is undertaking further studies to learn more about these waves.

Scientists say the universe is constantly vibrating. What's causing it?

Scientists peering into the early universe are baffled to see lonely quasars drifting away in the void. Quasars are one of the brightest objects in the universe. It sits at the core of a galaxy and hosts an active supermassive black hole at its centre. Black holes pull in surrounding gas and dust and blast out an enormous amount of energy. This creates extreme brightness around them

Quasars are known to be surrounded by several smaller galaxies. They came into being as few as a hundred million years after the Big Bang, something that has surprised astronomers. The earliest quasars are believed to have been produced from dense regions of primordial matter.&nbsp;

Quasars are expected to sit in crowded fields with several galaxies around them, but a new MIT-led study says that astronomers have observed some ancient quasars that are drifting away alone in the early universe.

The findings have been published in The Astrophysical Journal.&nbsp;

Using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, the team looked as far back as 13 billion years into the universe and studied the cosmic surroundings of five known ancient quasars.

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They found a variety of quasars, with some residing in extremely packed fields with over 50 galaxies around them, with five of them all alone with only a few galaxies nearby.

<h2>How can lonely quasars exist?</h2>

Scientists are surprised to see such lonely quasars and are struggling to understand how were they born so early on in the universe in the absence of a significant source of surrounding matter to fuel the growth of their black hole.

"Contrary to previous belief, we find on average, these quasars are not necessarily in those highest-density regions of the early universe. Some of them seem to be sitting in the middle of nowhere," says Anna-Christina Eilers, assistant professor of physics at MIT.&nbsp;

"It's difficult to explain how these quasars could have grown so big if they appear to have nothing to feed from."

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The team believes these quasars might not be as alone as it appears. They suggest that the bright objects might be surrounded by galaxies that are heavily shrouded in dust and are therefore not visible.

The researchers are not working to fine-tune their observations and see through the cosmic dust and learn how the quasars grew so big, so fast, in the early universe.

The five quasars are more than 13 billion years old and the oldest to be ever observed. They likely formed between 600 to 700 million years after the Big Bang. The supermassive black holes are a billion times more massive than the sun.&nbsp;

Scientists peering into the early universe are baffled to see lonely quasars drifting away in the void. Quasars are one of the brightest objects in the universe.

Scientists peering into the early universe are baffled to see lonely quasars drifting away in the void. Quasars are one of the brightest objects in the universe. It sits at the core of a galaxy and hosts an active supermassive black hole at its centre. Black holes pull in surrounding gas and dust and blast out an enormous amount of energy. This creates extreme brightness around them Quasars are known to be surrounded by several smaller galaxies. They came into being as few as a hundred million years after the Big Bang, something that has surprised astronomers. The earliest quasars are believed to have been produced from dense regions of primordial matter. Quasars are expected to sit in crowded fields with several galaxies around them, but a new MIT-led study says that astronomers have observed some ancient quasars that are drifting away alone in the early universe. The findings have been published in The Astrophysical Journal. Using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, the team looked as far back as 13 billion years into the universe and studied the cosmic surroundings of five known ancient quasars. Also Read: Sperm-egg fusion DECODED: Like a key that unlocks a gateway They found a variety of quasars, with some residing in extremely packed fields with over 50 galaxies around them, with five of them all alone with only a few galaxies nearby. How can lonely quasars exist? Scientists are surprised to see such lonely quasars and are struggling to understand how were they born so early on in the universe in the absence of a significant source of surrounding matter to fuel the growth of their black hole. "Contrary to previous belief, we find on average, these quasars are not necessarily in those highest-density regions of the early universe. Some of them seem to be sitting in the middle of nowhere," says Anna-Christina Eilers, assistant professor of physics at MIT. "It's difficult to explain how these quasars could have grown so big if they appear to have nothing to feed from." Also Read: Orionids meteor shower will peak soon. Here is when and how to watch the shooting stars The team believes these quasars might not be as alone as it appears. They suggest that the bright objects might be surrounded by galaxies that are heavily shrouded in dust and are therefore not visible. The researchers are not working to fine-tune their observations and see through the cosmic dust and learn how the quasars grew so big, so fast, in the early universe. The five quasars are more than 13 billion years old and the oldest to be ever observed. They likely formed between 600 to 700 million years after the Big Bang. The supermassive black holes are a billion times more massive than the sun.

Oldest quasars ever observed in early universe are extremely lonely

The world is witnessing the biggest supermoon of 2024,the occasion is also being celebrated as Sharad Purnima. For more information take a look a these visuals.

Devotees Throng To Catch A Glimpse Of The Moon

In a new study, scientists have claimed that the Universe is only 27 billion years old and does not have any dark matter.&nbsp;

The study was conducted by Rajendra Gupta,&nbsp;professor of physics at the&nbsp;University of Ottawa. Gupta suggested that dark matter or dark energy might not be required to explain the workings of the universe.&nbsp;

The research of the professor is based on a model that combines two theories:&nbsp;“tired light” (TL) and covarying coupling constants (CCC).

The CCC theory challenges the idea that things like the&nbsp;speed of light&nbsp;or the charge of an electron are fundamental constants of nature that do not change.

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However, if the CCC theory is right, it changes the understanding of everything&nbsp;that is present in the universe.

According to the “Tired Light” idea, light loses energy across long distances, which causes redder wavelengths and does not require the universe to expand.

When these two models are placed together, they provide a new framework for understanding&nbsp;cosmic phenomena.

<h2>Here's what the scientist&nbsp;suggests&nbsp;about dark matter and universe&nbsp;</h2>

According to the findings of Gupta, the new model changed the facts about the universe.

“The study’s findings confirm our previous work, which suggested that the universe is 26.7 billion years old, negating the necessity for dark matter’s existence,” Gupta explained

“Contrary to standard cosmological theories where the accelerated expansion of the universe is attributed to dark energy, our findings indicate that this expansion is due to the weakening forces of nature, not&nbsp;dark energy,” he added.

A major part of the research carried out by Gupta focused on “redshifts" in which light stretches to the red end of the spectrum&nbsp;while travelling through space.

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After analysing data on the distribution of galaxies at low redshifts and the patterns seen in the early universe at high redshifts, he claimed that dark matter did not exist.

“There are several papers that question the existence of dark matter, but mine is the first one, to my knowledge, that eliminates its cosmological existence while being consistent with key cosmological observations that we have had time to confirm,” Gupta explained.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a new study, scientists have claimed that the Universe is only 27 billion years old and does not have any dark matter. The study was conducted by Rajendra Gupta, professor of physics at the University of Ottawa.

In a new study, scientists have claimed that the Universe is only 27 billion years old and does not have any dark matter. The study was conducted by Rajendra Gupta, professor of physics at the University of Ottawa. Gupta suggested that dark matter or dark energy might not be required to explain the workings of the universe. The research of the professor is based on a model that combines two theories: “tired light” (TL) and covarying coupling constants (CCC). The CCC theory challenges the idea that things like the speed of light or the charge of an electron are fundamental constants of nature that do not change. Also Read: Another lo in space? A cloud of gas hints at first exomoon bursting with volcanoes However, if the CCC theory is right, it changes the understanding of everything that is present in the universe. According to the “Tired Light” idea, light loses energy across long distances, which causes redder wavelengths and does not require the universe to expand. When these two models are placed together, they provide a new framework for understanding cosmic phenomena. Here's what the scientist suggests about dark matter and universe According to the findings of Gupta, the new model changed the facts about the universe. “The study’s findings confirm our previous work, which suggested that the universe is 26.7 billion years old, negating the necessity for dark matter’s existence,” Gupta explained “Contrary to standard cosmological theories where the accelerated expansion of the universe is attributed to dark energy, our findings indicate that this expansion is due to the weakening forces of nature, not dark energy,” he added. A major part of the research carried out by Gupta focused on “redshifts" in which light stretches to the red end of the spectrum while travelling through space. Also Read: There is a 'steam world' with water vapour in outer space. Is it habitable? After analysing data on the distribution of galaxies at low redshifts and the patterns seen in the early universe at high redshifts, he claimed that dark matter did not exist. “There are several papers that question the existence of dark matter, but mine is the first one, to my knowledge, that eliminates its cosmological existence while being consistent with key cosmological observations that we have had time to confirm,” Gupta explained. (With inputs from agencies)

Universe is no older than 27 billion years and there is nothing like dark matter: Study

Space is a mysterious and dangerous place. While we know that black holes can swallow up whole planets, some things are far scarier than them.

Apart from black holes, various objects in the universe can pose a threat to not only our planet but the whole solar system.

<h2>Here are some of the most dangerous objects and phenomena in space:</h2>

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are from powerful explosions observed in distant galaxies. It is believed they can vaporise anything within 200 light-years with its beams. While GRBs hitting Earth is only a hypothesis, it could be dangerous to the atmosphere and damage the ozone layer, making life vulnerable to ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/asteroid-saga-continues-mission-to-probe-crime-scene-on-dimorphos-ready-for-blast-off-764738">Asteroid saga continues: Mission to probe 'crime scene' on Dimorphos ready for blast off</a>

Megacomet

A “Megacomet” is a massive comet that can be as large as 100 miles across. The biggest-ever comet C/2014 UN271 was last seen in our solar system in 2021. It is so big that it was named a minor planet initially. Luckily, it will be a billion miles away from Earth when it comes closest to Earth in 2031. However, there is a possibility of more megacomets in the universe that could come our way.

Supernovae

Supernova explosions occur when a star reaches the end of its life cycle. They are so powerful and bright that they can outshine an entire galaxy due to the energy they release. Any object within their “kill zone” could be wiped out by its intense radiation.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/centaur-an-icy-body-in-space-is-shooting-multiple-jets-of-hot-gas-whats-going-on-764764">Centaur, an icy body in space, is shooting multiple jets of hot gas. What's going on?</a>

Asteroids

There are many large objects in our solar system. There is a possibility of an asteroid striking the Earth, similar to the one that wiped out dinosaurs from Earth about 66 million years ago. According to new data from astronomers, there are over 150,000 objects that are unidentified in the solar system, and most of them are asteroids.

Cosmic collision

A collision with another galaxy can lead to deadly impact, creating new black holes and altering the galaxies due to the clashing gravitational forces. It is predicted that Andromeda galaxy, which is 2.5 million light-years away will collide with our galaxy, Milky Way, in 3 to 5 billion years.

(With inputs from agencies)

Space is a mysterious and dangerous place. While we know that black holes can swallow up whole planets, some things are far scarier than them. Apart from black holes, various objects in the universe can pose a threat to not only our planet but the whole solar system.

Space is a mysterious and dangerous place. While we know that black holes can swallow up whole planets, some things are far scarier than them. Apart from black holes, various objects in the universe can pose a threat to not only our planet but the whole solar system. Here are some of the most dangerous objects and phenomena in space: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are from powerful explosions observed in distant galaxies. It is believed they can vaporise anything within 200 light-years with its beams. While GRBs hitting Earth is only a hypothesis, it could be dangerous to the atmosphere and damage the ozone layer, making life vulnerable to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Also read | Asteroid saga continues: Mission to probe 'crime scene' on Dimorphos ready for blast off Megacomet A “Megacomet” is a massive comet that can be as large as 100 miles across. The biggest-ever comet C/2014 UN271 was last seen in our solar system in 2021. It is so big that it was named a minor planet initially. Luckily, it will be a billion miles away from Earth when it comes closest to Earth in 2031. However, there is a possibility of more megacomets in the universe that could come our way. Supernovae Supernova explosions occur when a star reaches the end of its life cycle. They are so powerful and bright that they can outshine an entire galaxy due to the energy they release. Any object within their “kill zone” could be wiped out by its intense radiation. Also read | Centaur, an icy body in space, is shooting multiple jets of hot gas. What's going on? Asteroids There are many large objects in our solar system. There is a possibility of an asteroid striking the Earth, similar to the one that wiped out dinosaurs from Earth about 66 million years ago. According to new data from astronomers, there are over 150,000 objects that are unidentified in the solar system, and most of them are asteroids. Cosmic collision A collision with another galaxy can lead to deadly impact, creating new black holes and altering the galaxies due to the clashing gravitational forces. It is predicted that Andromeda galaxy, which is 2.5 million light-years away will collide with our galaxy, Milky Way, in 3 to 5 billion years. (With inputs from agencies)

If you think black holes are the most dangerous objects in space, you’re wrong

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonder. While scientists and researchers keep discovering new phenomena and celestial objects, a much larger part of it remains unknown, which baffles scientists.&nbsp;

<h2>Here are 7 space mysteries that still remain unknown:</h2>

Dark matter and dark energy

Two of the most mysterious phenomena of the universe are considered to be dark matter and dark energy. They are thought to make up about 95 per cent of the total mass-energy content of the universe. However, scientists still don't know about the nature of these two elusive forces.

Solar system

Our solar system is full of mysteries and questions. For a long time, scientists have been trying to look for an explanation of how our solar system came into being to understand the unique planets within it.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-on-alert-as-massive-720-foot-asteroid-hurtles-towards-earth-at-scary-speed-757464">NASA on alert as massive 720-foot asteroid hurtles towards Earth at scary speed</a>

Re-ionisation

It is believed that our universe was formed as a result of the Big Bang about 13.7 billion years ago. Around 13 billion years ago, it went through an age of re-ionisation, in which hydrogen gas fog cleared and became translucent to ultraviolet light. The cause of this re-ionisation remains unknown.

Missing baryonic matter

While dark energy and dark matter make up about 95 per cent of the universe, the remaining 5 per cent is made up of regular matter. However, more than half of that regular matter, baryonic matter, is missing. Scientists have speculated that it is found between galaxies in warm-hot intergalactic medium, but it remains a topic of debate.

Sun's corona

The outer atmosphere of the sun's corona can reach up to an unbelievable 6 million degrees Celsius. Research has suggested a connection between energy underneath the surface and the magnetic field of the sun, however, we still don't know what makes it so hot.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-hellish-planet-receives-iron-rain-and-even-has-a-rainbow-heres-why-757326">THIS hellish planet receives iron rain and even has a rainbow. Here's why</a>

Supernovas

Supernovas are the massive explosion of stars when they run out of their fuel and reach their end. These blasts can easily outshine galaxies by how bright they are. How this gigantic explosion occurs remains a mystery.

Cosmic rays

Another mystery of the universe is the origin of cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are charged subatomic particles that travel into our solar system from outer space. Scientists are still baffled about how these strong and highly energetic rays are produced.

(With inputs from agencies)

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonder. While scientists and researchers keep discovering new phenomena and celestial objects, a much larger part of it remains unknown, which baffles scientists.

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonder. While scientists and researchers keep discovering new phenomena and celestial objects, a much larger part of it remains unknown, which baffles scientists. Here are 7 space mysteries that still remain unknown: Dark matter and dark energy Two of the most mysterious phenomena of the universe are considered to be dark matter and dark energy. They are thought to make up about 95 per cent of the total mass-energy content of the universe. However, scientists still don't know about the nature of these two elusive forces. Solar system Our solar system is full of mysteries and questions. For a long time, scientists have been trying to look for an explanation of how our solar system came into being to understand the unique planets within it. Also read | NASA on alert as massive 720-foot asteroid hurtles towards Earth at scary speed Re-ionisation It is believed that our universe was formed as a result of the Big Bang about 13.7 billion years ago. Around 13 billion years ago, it went through an age of re-ionisation, in which hydrogen gas fog cleared and became translucent to ultraviolet light. The cause of this re-ionisation remains unknown. Missing baryonic matter While dark energy and dark matter make up about 95 per cent of the universe, the remaining 5 per cent is made up of regular matter. However, more than half of that regular matter, baryonic matter, is missing. Scientists have speculated that it is found between galaxies in warm-hot intergalactic medium, but it remains a topic of debate. Sun's corona The outer atmosphere of the sun's corona can reach up to an unbelievable 6 million degrees Celsius. Research has suggested a connection between energy underneath the surface and the magnetic field of the sun, however, we still don't know what makes it so hot. Also read | THIS hellish planet receives iron rain and even has a rainbow. Here's why Supernovas Supernovas are the massive explosion of stars when they run out of their fuel and reach their end. These blasts can easily outshine galaxies by how bright they are. How this gigantic explosion occurs remains a mystery. Cosmic rays Another mystery of the universe is the origin of cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are charged subatomic particles that travel into our solar system from outer space. Scientists are still baffled about how these strong and highly energetic rays are produced. (With inputs from agencies)

7 Unsolved Space Mysteries That Still Leave Scientists Scratching Their Heads

Researchers have spotted an exoplanet WASP-76b which has bizarre environmental conditions and is one of the most extreme planets with a dayside temperature of more than 2,000 degrees.

A team of researchers have observed that the planet is tidally locked to its host star because of which intense winds have been encircling the planet.&nbsp;

What is more astonishing is the discovery of iron atoms in high quantities in the atmosphere that stream from the lower to upper layers across the atmosphere.

The exoplanets are known to exist beyond our Solar System and orbit around other stars.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/researchers-using-james-webb-to-probe-eternal-sunrises-and-sunsets-on-distant-world-741186">Researchers using James Webb to probe eternal sunrises and sunsets on distant world</a>

The first exoplanet was discovered in the 1990s and since then, more than 5,200 such planets have been spotted.

Many of these exoplanets are gas giants like Saturn or Jupiter while others are Earth-like planets with a rocky surface and no habitability.

As scientists develop more advanced telescopes and detection techniques, the detection level of the exoplanets will increase and the ability to explore the alien worlds will expand.

<h2>How iron-filled wind on the exoplanet causes iron rain?</h2>

The exoplanet WASP-76b has been at the centre of the attention of all astronomers because of its hellish behaviour.

The exoplanet is an ultra-hot gas giant and is 640 lightyears away from Earth. It is placed in the direction of the constellation Pisces and was spotted in 2013.&nbsp;

The planet has an orbit which is very close to its host star and is able to complete one orbit in 1.8 Earth days.

Because of its proximity to the star, the daytime temperatures are more than 2,000 degrees.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;NASA astronaut stuck in space reports ‘strange noises’ coming from Starliner capsule

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/nasa-astronaut-stuck-in-space-reports-strange-noises-coming-from-starliner-capsule-755353/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

According to the researchers, the intense heat has been vaporising the iron which later condenses into liquid when temperature drops and falls back on the surface as iron rain.

A team of astronomers, some of whom were from the University of Geneva, announced their findings in the journal&nbsp;Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics. Scientists have observed intense iron winds in the atmosphere of WASP-76b.

Astronomers have been studying this planet since it was discovered to understand the mechanisms of this ultra-hot Jupiter world's atmosphere.

This alien world has always appeared very fascinating a rainbow was also detected on the planet last April.

Scientists have been observing its daytime side using the ESPRESSO spectrograph which was installed on the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope.

(With inputs from agencies)

Researchers have spotted an exoplanet WASP-76b which has bizarre environmental conditions and is one of the most extreme planets with a dayside temperature of more than 2,000 degrees.

Researchers have spotted an exoplanet WASP-76b which has bizarre environmental conditions and is one of the most extreme planets with a dayside temperature of more than 2,000 degrees. A team of researchers have observed that the planet is tidally locked to its host star because of which intense winds have been encircling the planet. What is more astonishing is the discovery of iron atoms in high quantities in the atmosphere that stream from the lower to upper layers across the atmosphere. The exoplanets are known to exist beyond our Solar System and orbit around other stars. Also Read: Researchers using James Webb to probe eternal sunrises and sunsets on distant world The first exoplanet was discovered in the 1990s and since then, more than 5,200 such planets have been spotted. Many of these exoplanets are gas giants like Saturn or Jupiter while others are Earth-like planets with a rocky surface and no habitability. As scientists develop more advanced telescopes and detection techniques, the detection level of the exoplanets will increase and the ability to explore the alien worlds will expand. How iron-filled wind on the exoplanet causes iron rain? The exoplanet WASP-76b has been at the centre of the attention of all astronomers because of its hellish behaviour. The exoplanet is an ultra-hot gas giant and is 640 lightyears away from Earth. It is placed in the direction of the constellation Pisces and was spotted in 2013. The planet has an orbit which is very close to its host star and is able to complete one orbit in 1.8 Earth days. Because of its proximity to the star, the daytime temperatures are more than 2,000 degrees. Watch: NASA astronaut stuck in space reports ‘strange noises’ coming from Starliner capsule According to the researchers, the intense heat has been vaporising the iron which later condenses into liquid when temperature drops and falls back on the surface as iron rain. A team of astronomers, some of whom were from the University of Geneva, announced their findings in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. Scientists have observed intense iron winds in the atmosphere of WASP-76b. Astronomers have been studying this planet since it was discovered to understand the mechanisms of this ultra-hot Jupiter world's atmosphere. This alien world has always appeared very fascinating a rainbow was also detected on the planet last April. Scientists have been observing its daytime side using the ESPRESSO spectrograph which was installed on the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope. (With inputs from agencies)

THIS hellish planet receives iron rain and even has a rainbow. Here's why

The researchers hypothesize that black holes were produced during a period of universe contraction that preceded the Big Bang, which may help to explain the mysterious nature of dark matter. Watch to know more.

Did the Universe exist before the Big Bang?

In a breakthrough study, the scientists have now hinted that the beginning of the universe may not have started from the Big Bang.

As per the new theory of cosmology, the universe may have "bounced" from the phase of contraction to that of expansion and vice versa.&nbsp;

In a recent study, scientists suggested that the dark matter was most probably composed of black holes when the universe was transiting from its last contraction to the ongoing expansion phase, which took place before the Big Bang.&nbsp;

This scenario of the generation of dark matter can be formed by future gravitational wave observatories, which can detect the gravitational waves generated during the process of black hole formation if the hypothesis is correct.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/black-holes-are-creating-an-optical-illusion-in-the-early-universe-heres-how-754628">Early universe galaxies appear monstrous because of black holes</a>

The cosmic microwave background and the stellar movements in galaxies have indicated that dark matter is present in 80 per cent of all matter in the universe. However, scientists have still not been able to understand what the dark matter is made of.

<h2>Here's what the universe was like before the Big Bang</h2>

The researchers, in a new study, explored the scenario when dark matter was filled with primordial black holes which were formed because of density fluctuations that occurred during the last contraction phase of the universe.&nbsp;

It was observed that during this bouncing cosmology, the universe most likely contracted and became 50 orders of magnitude smaller than its present size. It also hinted at the presence of dark matter and black holes in the universe which existed before the Big Bang.

"Small&nbsp;primordial black holes&nbsp;can be produced during the very early stages of the universe, and if they are not too small, their decay due to Hawking radiation [a hypothetical phenomenon of black holes emitting particles due to quantum effects] will not be efficient enough to get rid of them, so they would still be around now,"&nbsp;said Patrick Peter, director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), who was not involved in the study, while speaking to Live Science.

Watch:&nbsp;Earth's spin killed life

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/earths-spin-killed-life-754692/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"Weighing more or less the mass of an&nbsp;asteroid, they could contribute to dark matter, or even solve this issue altogether," he added.&nbsp;

"This work is important in the sense that it provides a natural way of forming small yet still present black holes forming dark matter in a framework which is not the usual one based on inflation," Peter stated.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a breakthrough study, the scientists have now hinted that the beginning of the universe may not have started from the Big Bang. As per the new theory of cosmology, the universe may have "bounced" from the phase of contraction to that of expansion and vice versa.

In a breakthrough study, the scientists have now hinted that the beginning of the universe may not have started from the Big Bang. As per the new theory of cosmology, the universe may have "bounced" from the phase of contraction to that of expansion and vice versa. In a recent study, scientists suggested that the dark matter was most probably composed of black holes when the universe was transiting from its last contraction to the ongoing expansion phase, which took place before the Big Bang. This scenario of the generation of dark matter can be formed by future gravitational wave observatories, which can detect the gravitational waves generated during the process of black hole formation if the hypothesis is correct. Also Read: Early universe galaxies appear monstrous because of black holes The cosmic microwave background and the stellar movements in galaxies have indicated that dark matter is present in 80 per cent of all matter in the universe. However, scientists have still not been able to understand what the dark matter is made of. Here's what the universe was like before the Big Bang The researchers, in a new study, explored the scenario when dark matter was filled with primordial black holes which were formed because of density fluctuations that occurred during the last contraction phase of the universe. It was observed that during this bouncing cosmology, the universe most likely contracted and became 50 orders of magnitude smaller than its present size. It also hinted at the presence of dark matter and black holes in the universe which existed before the Big Bang. "Small primordial black holes can be produced during the very early stages of the universe, and if they are not too small, their decay due to Hawking radiation [a hypothetical phenomenon of black holes emitting particles due to quantum effects] will not be efficient enough to get rid of them, so they would still be around now," said Patrick Peter, director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), who was not involved in the study, while speaking to Live Science. Watch: Earth's spin killed life "Weighing more or less the mass of an asteroid, they could contribute to dark matter, or even solve this issue altogether," he added. "This work is important in the sense that it provides a natural way of forming small yet still present black holes forming dark matter in a framework which is not the usual one based on inflation," Peter stated. (With inputs from agencies)

Our universe lived even before the Big Bang. Not Earth but THIS was present inside this cosmos

Something fascinating happened 12.8 billion years ago in the universe in the earliest stages of its life. Astronomers have spotted a pair of galaxies in the act of merging, and current observations point towards the creation of a monster galaxy, according to a report in Science Daily.

Monster galaxies are extremely bright. Scientists say that the discovery will help us understand more about the birth and evolution of galaxies and black holes in the early universe.&nbsp;

The discovery was made when researchers looked at the earliest galaxies in the universe to learn more about quasars and their formation. Quasars are bright objects that form when matter falls into a supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy in the early Universe. As per theory, matter falls into the black hole when galaxies merge.&nbsp;

According to studies, when two galaxies rich in gases merge to form a single larger galaxy, the gravitational interaction causes gas to fall towards the supermassive black hole. This can happen with either one or both of the galaxies, triggering a quasar activity.

To learn more about quasars, a team of international researchers led by Takuma Izumi used the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) radio telescope and pointed it at the earliest known pair of close quasars.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-mysterious-doughnut-is-sitting-in-molten-metal-inside-earths-core-754801">A mysterious 'doughnut' is sitting in molten metal inside Earth's core</a>

These two quasars were discovered by Yoshiki Matsuoka, at Ehime University in Japan, using the Subaru Telescope.&nbsp;

<h2>Birth of a monster galaxy</h2>

Located towards the constellation Virgo, the quasars existed during the first 900 million years of the universe. They are not as bright, which means they are still in the early stages of formation.&nbsp;

The researchers looked at the host galaxies of the two quasars and this is where they noticed a link between the two. The ALMA observations showed the existence of a "bridge" of gas and dust between the two galaxies. This led them to conclude that the galaxies are merging.&nbsp;

This merger is expected to lead to more vigorous quasar activity, making it extremely bright, and also trigger a rapid increase in star formation.

The ALMA observations measured the amount of gas in both the galaxies and found that they are extremely rich in gas. This is why quasar activity will witness an extreme high, besides creating millions of stars, also known as a "starburst."

A super-bright object will be created in the process in the early Universe known as a monster galaxy.

Something fascinating happened 12.8 billion years ago in the universe in the earliest stages of its life. Astronomers have spotted a pair of galaxies in the act of merging, and current observations point towards the creation of a monster galaxy, according to a report in Science Daily.

Something fascinating happened 12.8 billion years ago in the universe in the earliest stages of its life. Astronomers have spotted a pair of galaxies in the act of merging, and current observations point towards the creation of a monster galaxy, according to a report in Science Daily. Monster galaxies are extremely bright. Scientists say that the discovery will help us understand more about the birth and evolution of galaxies and black holes in the early universe. The discovery was made when researchers looked at the earliest galaxies in the universe to learn more about quasars and their formation. Quasars are bright objects that form when matter falls into a supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy in the early Universe. As per theory, matter falls into the black hole when galaxies merge. According to studies, when two galaxies rich in gases merge to form a single larger galaxy, the gravitational interaction causes gas to fall towards the supermassive black hole. This can happen with either one or both of the galaxies, triggering a quasar activity. To learn more about quasars, a team of international researchers led by Takuma Izumi used the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) radio telescope and pointed it at the earliest known pair of close quasars. Also Read: A mysterious 'doughnut' is sitting in molten metal inside Earth's core These two quasars were discovered by Yoshiki Matsuoka, at Ehime University in Japan, using the Subaru Telescope. Birth of a monster galaxy Located towards the constellation Virgo, the quasars existed during the first 900 million years of the universe. They are not as bright, which means they are still in the early stages of formation. The researchers looked at the host galaxies of the two quasars and this is where they noticed a link between the two. The ALMA observations showed the existence of a "bridge" of gas and dust between the two galaxies. This led them to conclude that the galaxies are merging. This merger is expected to lead to more vigorous quasar activity, making it extremely bright, and also trigger a rapid increase in star formation. The ALMA observations measured the amount of gas in both the galaxies and found that they are extremely rich in gas. This is why quasar activity will witness an extreme high, besides creating millions of stars, also known as a "starburst." A super-bright object will be created in the process in the early Universe known as a monster galaxy.

Two galaxies seen merging to make a monster galaxy 12.8 billion years ago

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonders, most of which are beyond our comprehension. Planets outside our solar system, called exoplanets, are one such marvel since their discovery in the early 1990s.

Most of the exoplanets orbit other stars. However, there are some known as rogue planets, which float freely in space and are not bound to a star. NASA. so far,&nbsp;has discovered over 5,200 exoplanets. It is believed that about a billion remain undiscovered by mankind.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-introduce-black-hole-finder-for-citizens-to-find-newly-formed-cosmic-gas-giants-752301">Astronomers introduce Black Hole Finder for citizens to find newly-formed cosmic gas giants</a>

<h2>6 Unusual exoplanets in the universe</h2>

<h3>HD 189733 b</h3>

<img alt="HD 189733 b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d45d4840-3faf-432f-8f9e-390df7a58331" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/3_133.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

This planet appears like a calm, glassy blue marble, but in reality has turbulent weather. The surface of HD 189733 b receives molten glass rains along with supersonic winds of speed about 5,600 miles per hour. It has an extended atmosphere that captures much more radiation. The planet was discovered by NASA in 2005 and has been observed by scientists for its unique weather and atmosphere.

<h3>WASP-76b</h3>

<img alt="WASP-76b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c18c2416-8bfd-495a-a733-fb3d5903baa1" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/2_162.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

Spotted in 2013, WASP-76b is an exoplanet where it rains molten iron. One side of the planet remains exposed to the Sun, causing the temperatures to reach as high as 2,500 degrees Celsius, which can vaporise iron. The other side of the planet experiences rains of molten iron after the iron vapour is carried there by the strong winds.

<h3>Gliese 1132 b</h3>

<img alt="Gliese 1132 b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="299f0374-96c7-4669-8977-c4d5720b243c" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/4_83.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

Similar to our planet in more than one way, Gliese 1132 b has its radius, mass, and even age much like the Earth. However, it orbits its dwarf star much closer and only takes about 1.6 Earth days to complete the orbit. Due to its proximity, it has a much higher temperature of about 137 degrees Celsius and experiences intense radiation, which results in high volcanic activity. The gases released create a second atmosphere around the surface.

<h3>Upsilon Andromeda b</h3>

<img alt="Upsilon Andromeda b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7936401f-4230-445f-be8b-9da8bd8ed670" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/5_87.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

This exoplanet is tidally locked to its star and experiences temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Celsius on its dayside. The nightside experiences cold temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius. According to NASA the reason for this huge difference between the temperatures of the two sides could be the massive size of its parent star, which creates a hot spot hitting directly over it.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/journey-to-jupiter-juice-slingshots-by-earth-en-route-to-venus-after-historic-flyby-photos-752121">Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby</a>

<h3>Kepler-10b</h3>

<img alt="Kepler-10b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7ef2da0a-3d61-411c-a800-29091c8e17c7" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/6_56.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

This exoplanet was discovered by the Kepler telescope in 2001 and tidally locked to its star, which is similar to the Sun. It has a hot surface temperature of over 1,300 degrees Celsius and it is&nbsp;likely covered with lava. The exoplanet&nbsp;also creates molten droplets of silicates and iron and experiences harsh radiation.

<h3>TOI-178 system</h3>

<img alt="TOI-178 system" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="db9aae24-d45f-4393-9b9f-0298005e1451" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/7_50.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

This unusual planetary system looks like any other at first glance. However, at least five planets of the TOI-178 system orbit in perfect rhythmic sync with each other. The planets orbit their orange dwarf parent star in an alignment at regular intervals.

(With inputs from agencies)

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonders, most of which are beyond our comprehension. Planets outside our solar system, called exoplanets, are one such marvel since their discovery in the early 1990s.

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonders, most of which are beyond our comprehension. Planets outside our solar system, called exoplanets, are one such marvel since their discovery in the early 1990s. Most of the exoplanets orbit other stars. However, there are some known as rogue planets, which float freely in space and are not bound to a star. NASA. so far, has discovered over 5,200 exoplanets. It is believed that about a billion remain undiscovered by mankind. Also Read | Astronomers introduce Black Hole Finder for citizens to find newly-formed cosmic gas giants 6 Unusual exoplanets in the universe HD 189733 b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) This planet appears like a calm, glassy blue marble, but in reality has turbulent weather. The surface of HD 189733 b receives molten glass rains along with supersonic winds of speed about 5,600 miles per hour. It has an extended atmosphere that captures much more radiation. The planet was discovered by NASA in 2005 and has been observed by scientists for its unique weather and atmosphere. WASP-76b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) Spotted in 2013, WASP-76b is an exoplanet where it rains molten iron. One side of the planet remains exposed to the Sun, causing the temperatures to reach as high as 2,500 degrees Celsius, which can vaporise iron. The other side of the planet experiences rains of molten iron after the iron vapour is carried there by the strong winds. Gliese 1132 b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) Similar to our planet in more than one way, Gliese 1132 b has its radius, mass, and even age much like the Earth. However, it orbits its dwarf star much closer and only takes about 1.6 Earth days to complete the orbit. Due to its proximity, it has a much higher temperature of about 137 degrees Celsius and experiences intense radiation, which results in high volcanic activity. The gases released create a second atmosphere around the surface. Upsilon Andromeda b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) This exoplanet is tidally locked to its star and experiences temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Celsius on its dayside. The nightside experiences cold temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius. According to NASA the reason for this huge difference between the temperatures of the two sides could be the massive size of its parent star, which creates a hot spot hitting directly over it. Also read | Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby Kepler-10b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) This exoplanet was discovered by the Kepler telescope in 2001 and tidally locked to its star, which is similar to the Sun. It has a hot surface temperature of over 1,300 degrees Celsius and it is likely covered with lava. The exoplanet also creates molten droplets of silicates and iron and experiences harsh radiation. TOI-178 system (Photo credit: Wikimedia) This unusual planetary system looks like any other at first glance. However, at least five planets of the TOI-178 system orbit in perfect rhythmic sync with each other. The planets orbit their orange dwarf parent star in an alignment at regular intervals. (With inputs from agencies)

Explore the Universe: 6 unusual exoplanets you won't believe exist

The universe is known to have been expanding from the day it existed but the rate of expansion has remained in debate till now.&nbsp;

James Webb Space Telescope's new measurements are now hinting that perhaps the "Hubble tension" which was believed to be causing the expansion of the universe may not have existed at all.&nbsp;

In a paper published in The Astrophysical Journal, University of Chicago cosmologist Wendy Freedman along with her colleagues looked into the data collected by NASA's powerful James Webb Space Telescope.&nbsp;

They considered the distance to 10&nbsp;nearby galaxies&nbsp;and took measure of a new value for the rate at which the expansionism is happening presently in the universe.&nbsp;

They calculated the measurement of expansion of the universe at 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec which overlapped the other major method related to the Hubble constant.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/nasa-astronauts-facing-life-altering-risks-in-space-heres-what-can-happen-to-them-if-they-remain-stranded-749137">NASA astronauts facing 'life-altering' risks in space. Here's what can happen to them if they remain stranded</a>

"Based on these new JWST data and using three independent methods, we do not find strong evidence for a Hubble tension," said Freedman, who is a renowned astronomer and the John and Marion Sullivan University professor in Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Chicago.

"To the contrary, it looks like our standard cosmological model for explaining the evolution of the universe is holding up," he added.

<h2>What is Hubble constant and how does it explain the expansion of the universe?</h2>

Since 1929 when the measurement was made of stars of the most distant galaxies, which were moving away from Earth at a speedy rate in comparison to the nearby galaxies, by UChicago alum Edwin Hubble (SB 1910, PhD&nbsp;1917) it was known that the universe is expanding.

However, scientists have always found it difficult to get the exact number of how fast the universe is expanding currently.

This number is called the Hubble constant and is important to decode the history of the universe. It is an important part of the process in which the universe is evolving over time.

"Confirming the reality of the Hubble constant tension would have significant consequences for both fundamental physics and modern cosmology," said Freedman.

Watch:&nbsp;Indian astronauts to train at NASA from August

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Since the Hubble constant is difficult but important to determine, scientists are trying to test them with the help of different methods to make sure the exact numbers are achieved.

Scientists have tried to study the remnant light after the Big Bang, which is called the&nbsp;cosmic microwave background, to determine the numbers.&nbsp;

Using this method, the best estimate of the Hubble constant found by the scientists is 67.4 kilometres per second per megaparsec.

The second method adopted by them is measuring the expansion of galaxies present in Earth's local cosmic neighbourhood with the help of stars whose brightnesses have been identified.

Earlier, when this method was used to determine the Hubble constant, measurements came closer to 74 kilometres per second per megaparsec.

(With inputs from agencies)

The universe is known to have been expanding from the day it existed but the rate of expansion has remained in debate till now. James Webb Space Telescope's new measurements are now hinting that perhaps the "Hubble tension" which was believed to be causing the expansion of the universe may not have existed at all.

The universe is known to have been expanding from the day it existed but the rate of expansion has remained in debate till now. James Webb Space Telescope's new measurements are now hinting that perhaps the "Hubble tension" which was believed to be causing the expansion of the universe may not have existed at all. In a paper published in The Astrophysical Journal, University of Chicago cosmologist Wendy Freedman along with her colleagues looked into the data collected by NASA's powerful James Webb Space Telescope. They considered the distance to 10 nearby galaxies and took measure of a new value for the rate at which the expansionism is happening presently in the universe. They calculated the measurement of expansion of the universe at 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec which overlapped the other major method related to the Hubble constant. Also Read: NASA astronauts facing 'life-altering' risks in space. Here's what can happen to them if they remain stranded "Based on these new JWST data and using three independent methods, we do not find strong evidence for a Hubble tension," said Freedman, who is a renowned astronomer and the John and Marion Sullivan University professor in Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Chicago. "To the contrary, it looks like our standard cosmological model for explaining the evolution of the universe is holding up," he added. What is Hubble constant and how does it explain the expansion of the universe? Since 1929 when the measurement was made of stars of the most distant galaxies, which were moving away from Earth at a speedy rate in comparison to the nearby galaxies, by UChicago alum Edwin Hubble (SB 1910, PhD 1917) it was known that the universe is expanding. However, scientists have always found it difficult to get the exact number of how fast the universe is expanding currently. This number is called the Hubble constant and is important to decode the history of the universe. It is an important part of the process in which the universe is evolving over time. "Confirming the reality of the Hubble constant tension would have significant consequences for both fundamental physics and modern cosmology," said Freedman. Watch: Indian astronauts to train at NASA from August Since the Hubble constant is difficult but important to determine, scientists are trying to test them with the help of different methods to make sure the exact numbers are achieved. Scientists have tried to study the remnant light after the Big Bang, which is called the cosmic microwave background, to determine the numbers. Using this method, the best estimate of the Hubble constant found by the scientists is 67.4 kilometres per second per megaparsec. The second method adopted by them is measuring the expansion of galaxies present in Earth's local cosmic neighbourhood with the help of stars whose brightnesses have been identified. Earlier, when this method was used to determine the Hubble constant, measurements came closer to 74 kilometres per second per megaparsec. (With inputs from agencies)

Is our universe expanding at a 'doomsday' rate? James Webb's new analysis says so

Our universe is expanding and the reason for it might be the existence of an anti-universe. This is something similar to what we know in the world of sci-fi as multiverse - the existence of multiple worlds, or two universes in this case. Naman Kumar, a PhD student at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), has put&nbsp;forward the theory in the new papers published in Gravitation and Cosmology and Europhysics Letters.

He says that the expansion of the universe is possibly linked to another universe. Kumar looks at the earliest stages of the universe combined with the idea of the quantum phenomenon of matter generation. Based on his premise, he theorises that with every tiny piece of matter created during the Big Bang, a twin piece of anti-matter was also formed. As a result, Kumar says that when our universe was created, an anti-universe also came into existence.

Going by his theory, at the time the universe was created, the anti-universe acted like a twin but one that behaved in an opposite manner to ours. This complex relationship likely resulted in both universes expanding rapidly, he says.

Kumar, in his ScienceX dialogue, says, "After working on the problems of dark matter and dark energy, I can say that either we accept that general relativity is correct and we live in a dark universe with these elusive and peculiar dark matter particles and dark energy, or we accept that we live in a higher dimensional multiverse."

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/frightening-new-theory-suggests-the-universe-should-have-never-been-born-748613">Universe should have killed itself right after Big Bang, new study suggests</a>

If this is true, then human beings have been living in a multiverse forever without knowing about it. Today, several TV shows and movies dabble with the plot of the multiverse, where different worlds exist parallel to ours.&nbsp;

<h2>Universe should not exist</h2>

Meanwhile, in another such theory, scientists say that the universe shouldn't exist at all, and neither should we. A study challenging several models about the birth of the universe, says that if everything in these models is true, the universe should have been annihilated a long time ago.&nbsp;

This research is based on two premises - primordial black holes and the Higgs boson particle. Higgs field gives everything mass. So if it didn't exist, we wouldn't exist. Experts say if it fell to its lowest point "it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.” If it falls, little “bubbles” of space will form which won't conform to current laws of physics.&nbsp;

When primordial black holes are taken into consideration, things change dramatically. Current models say that these black holes formed in the second right after the Big Bang and evaporated quickly. However, in that tiny span, they would have affected the Higgs field and triggered the creation of tiny bubbles everywhere. Because of this, nothing should have ever formed.&nbsp;

Our universe is expanding and the reason for it might be the existence of an anti-universe. This is something similar to what we know in the world of sci-fi as multiverse - the existence of multiple worlds, or two universes in this case.

Our universe is expanding and the reason for it might be the existence of an anti-universe. This is something similar to what we know in the world of sci-fi as multiverse - the existence of multiple worlds, or two universes in this case. Naman Kumar, a PhD student at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), has put forward the theory in the new papers published in Gravitation and Cosmology and Europhysics Letters. He says that the expansion of the universe is possibly linked to another universe. Kumar looks at the earliest stages of the universe combined with the idea of the quantum phenomenon of matter generation. Based on his premise, he theorises that with every tiny piece of matter created during the Big Bang, a twin piece of anti-matter was also formed. As a result, Kumar says that when our universe was created, an anti-universe also came into existence. Going by his theory, at the time the universe was created, the anti-universe acted like a twin but one that behaved in an opposite manner to ours. This complex relationship likely resulted in both universes expanding rapidly, he says. Kumar, in his ScienceX dialogue, says, "After working on the problems of dark matter and dark energy, I can say that either we accept that general relativity is correct and we live in a dark universe with these elusive and peculiar dark matter particles and dark energy, or we accept that we live in a higher dimensional multiverse." Also Read: Universe should have killed itself right after Big Bang, new study suggests If this is true, then human beings have been living in a multiverse forever without knowing about it. Today, several TV shows and movies dabble with the plot of the multiverse, where different worlds exist parallel to ours. Universe should not exist Meanwhile, in another such theory, scientists say that the universe shouldn't exist at all, and neither should we. A study challenging several models about the birth of the universe, says that if everything in these models is true, the universe should have been annihilated a long time ago. This research is based on two premises - primordial black holes and the Higgs boson particle. Higgs field gives everything mass. So if it didn't exist, we wouldn't exist. Experts say if it fell to its lowest point "it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.” If it falls, little “bubbles” of space will form which won't conform to current laws of physics. When primordial black holes are taken into consideration, things change dramatically. Current models say that these black holes formed in the second right after the Big Bang and evaporated quickly. However, in that tiny span, they would have affected the Higgs field and triggered the creation of tiny bubbles everywhere. Because of this, nothing should have ever formed.

Twin universe? Indian student suggests we are living in multiverse

Scientists have pounced upon a scary theory according to which the universe shouldn't exist at all, and neither should we. In their quest to learn about how everything came into existence, several scientific models are created. They are based on hints and clues we find in the cosmos and man's understanding of it. It's all maths and physics and is bound to keep evolving with new pieces added to it. A study has challenged several such models saying that if most of them were true, the universe should have annihilated a long time ago.&nbsp;

They base their research on primordial black holes and the Higgs boson particle. Why do we exist? The answer can largely be attributed to the existence of the Higgs field. Similar to electricity or magnetism, this field gives everything mass. So if it weren't to exist, we wouldn't exist. But, experts say that it is not at its "lowest possible energy state", and if it fell to its lowest point "it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.”

Lucien Heurtier, a researcher on the study, in an article for The Conversation says, "The Higgs field isn’t likely to be in the lowest possible energy state it could be in. That means it could theoretically change its state, dropping to a lower energy state in a certain location. If that happened, however, it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.”

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-plan-life-bank-on-moon-to-save-dying-species-on-earth-heres-how-748397">Scientists plan 'life bank' on Moon to save dying species on Earth. Here's how</a>

If this happens, little “bubbles” of space will form which won't conform to current laws of physics. “In such a bubble, the mass of electrons would suddenly change, and so would its interactions with other particles. Protons and neutrons—which make up the atomic nucleus and are made of quarks—would suddenly dislocate. Essentially, anybody experiencing such a change would likely no longer be able to report it.”

<h2>The problem with&nbsp;primordial black holes</h2>

The problem with existing models arises when primordial black holes are taken into consideration. They are hypothetical objects much smaller than current black holes. As per current theories, they formed in the second right after the Big Bang and without a supernova because of extremely dense regions in the universe that likely collapsed in on themselves.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages

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&nbsp;

Current models say that these black holes evaporated quickly, but according to Heurtier and his team, they would have had a massive effect on the Higgs field. They say if primordial black holes ever existed, there would have been tiny bubbles everywhere. So many of these bubbles would have existed that the study says nothing should have ever formed. So if all the current models are true, the universe would have annihilated itself.

<h2>Then how did everything originate?&nbsp;</h2>

The study says cites two reasons. One, that all models are wrong and that primordial black holes never existed, since we know that the Higgs field is present. The second scenario is that may be Physics is missing something and that humans likely still don't understand how the Higgs field works.

Scientists have pounced upon a scary theory according to which the universe shouldn't exist at all, and neither should we. In their quest to learn about how everything came into existence, several scientific models are created.

Scientists have pounced upon a scary theory according to which the universe shouldn't exist at all, and neither should we. In their quest to learn about how everything came into existence, several scientific models are created. They are based on hints and clues we find in the cosmos and man's understanding of it. It's all maths and physics and is bound to keep evolving with new pieces added to it. A study has challenged several such models saying that if most of them were true, the universe should have annihilated a long time ago. They base their research on primordial black holes and the Higgs boson particle. Why do we exist? The answer can largely be attributed to the existence of the Higgs field. Similar to electricity or magnetism, this field gives everything mass. So if it weren't to exist, we wouldn't exist. But, experts say that it is not at its "lowest possible energy state", and if it fell to its lowest point "it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.” Lucien Heurtier, a researcher on the study, in an article for The Conversation says, "The Higgs field isn’t likely to be in the lowest possible energy state it could be in. That means it could theoretically change its state, dropping to a lower energy state in a certain location. If that happened, however, it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.” Also Read: Scientists plan 'life bank' on Moon to save dying species on Earth. Here's how If this happens, little “bubbles” of space will form which won't conform to current laws of physics. “In such a bubble, the mass of electrons would suddenly change, and so would its interactions with other particles. Protons and neutrons—which make up the atomic nucleus and are made of quarks—would suddenly dislocate. Essentially, anybody experiencing such a change would likely no longer be able to report it.” The problem with primordial black holes The problem with existing models arises when primordial black holes are taken into consideration. They are hypothetical objects much smaller than current black holes. As per current theories, they formed in the second right after the Big Bang and without a supernova because of extremely dense regions in the universe that likely collapsed in on themselves. Watch: From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages × Current models say that these black holes evaporated quickly, but according to Heurtier and his team, they would have had a massive effect on the Higgs field. They say if primordial black holes ever existed, there would have been tiny bubbles everywhere. So many of these bubbles would have existed that the study says nothing should have ever formed. So if all the current models are true, the universe would have annihilated itself. Then how did everything originate? The study says cites two reasons. One, that all models are wrong and that primordial black holes never existed, since we know that the Higgs field is present. The second scenario is that may be Physics is missing something and that humans likely still don't understand how the Higgs field works.

Universe should have killed itself right after Big Bang, new study suggests

In a breakthrough study,&nbsp;scientists have now spotted the earliest known galaxy which has emerged as a huge challenge to the current galaxy formations in space.&nbsp;

The new galaxy, which has been named JADES-GS-z14-0, has been spotted gleaming brightly in the early Universe and is suspected to have come into existence less than 300 million years after the&nbsp;Big Bang.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, the second recent discovery - known as JADES-GS-z14-1 - was seen as a distant galaxy.&nbsp;

According to the astronomers, the detections are now "unambiguous" and hinted at the Cosmic Dawn likely to have some 'splainin' to do.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/watch-iss-captures-fireworks-in-space-shares-footage-of-mesmerising-northern-lights-738470">ISS captures fireworks in space, shares footage of mesmerising Northern Lights</a>

In a statement, astronomers&nbsp;Stefano Carniani of Scuola Normale Superiore in Italy and Kevin Hainline of the University of Arizona said, "In January 2024, NIRSpec observed this galaxy, JADES-GS-z14-0, for almost ten hours, and when the spectrum was first processed, there was unambiguous evidence that the galaxy was indeed at a&nbsp;redshift&nbsp;of 14.32, shattering the previous most-distant galaxy record."

"From the images, the source is found to be over 1,600 light-years across, proving that the light we see is coming mostly from young stars and not from emission near a growing supermassive&nbsp;black hole," they added.

The astronomers further stated, "This much starlight implies that the galaxy is several hundreds of millions of times the mass of the Sun! This raises the question: How can nature make such a bright, massive, and large galaxy in less than 300 million years?"

<h2>Scientists decode cosmic dawn and space transparency</h2>

The scientists have written three separate papers on the subject and a new one has been published in Nature.&nbsp;

In all three papers, they have concluded that JADES-GS-z14-0 is a shining data point which represents a new way ahead in understanding how the formation of the Universe began.

Till now, very little is known about the Cosmic Dawn period, which is the first billion years after the Big Bang.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball

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This is because neutral hydrogen had caused a fog in the early universe which scattered light and prevented it from spreading.

However, the fog did not last long as it was ionised and later cleared by ultraviolet light emitted from the objects in the early Universe and till the end of the Cosmic Dawn, the space became transparent.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a breakthrough study, scientists have now spotted the earliest known galaxy which has emerged as a huge challenge to the current galaxy formations in space. The new galaxy, which has been named JADES-GS-z14-0, has been spotted gleaming brightly in the early Universe and is suspected to have come into existence less than 300 million years after the Big Bang.

In a breakthrough study, scientists have now spotted the earliest known galaxy which has emerged as a huge challenge to the current galaxy formations in space. The new galaxy, which has been named JADES-GS-z14-0, has been spotted gleaming brightly in the early Universe and is suspected to have come into existence less than 300 million years after the Big Bang. Meanwhile, the second recent discovery - known as JADES-GS-z14-1 - was seen as a distant galaxy. According to the astronomers, the detections are now "unambiguous" and hinted at the Cosmic Dawn likely to have some 'splainin' to do. Also Read: ISS captures fireworks in space, shares footage of mesmerising Northern Lights In a statement, astronomers Stefano Carniani of Scuola Normale Superiore in Italy and Kevin Hainline of the University of Arizona said, "In January 2024, NIRSpec observed this galaxy, JADES-GS-z14-0, for almost ten hours, and when the spectrum was first processed, there was unambiguous evidence that the galaxy was indeed at a redshift of 14.32, shattering the previous most-distant galaxy record." "From the images, the source is found to be over 1,600 light-years across, proving that the light we see is coming mostly from young stars and not from emission near a growing supermassive black hole," they added. The astronomers further stated, "This much starlight implies that the galaxy is several hundreds of millions of times the mass of the Sun! This raises the question: How can nature make such a bright, massive, and large galaxy in less than 300 million years?" Scientists decode cosmic dawn and space transparency The scientists have written three separate papers on the subject and a new one has been published in Nature. In all three papers, they have concluded that JADES-GS-z14-0 is a shining data point which represents a new way ahead in understanding how the formation of the Universe began. Till now, very little is known about the Cosmic Dawn period, which is the first billion years after the Big Bang. Watch: China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball This is because neutral hydrogen had caused a fog in the early universe which scattered light and prevented it from spreading. However, the fog did not last long as it was ionised and later cleared by ultraviolet light emitted from the objects in the early Universe and till the end of the Cosmic Dawn, the space became transparent. (With inputs from agencies)

The universe's earliest galaxy has now been discovered. And it's nothing like our galaxy

A new study has challenged the existence of extreme cosmic objects, called&nbsp;"kugelblitze", which are black holes formed only from light.&nbsp;

The new theory states that it is not possible for such a black hole to be formed in our universe which challenges the theory of general relativity given by scientist Albert Einstein.&nbsp;

The study has shown how general relativity and quantum mechanics can be reconciled for solving complex scientific questions and placed some constraints on cosmological models.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-discovers-jewelled-ring-shaped-exoplanet-floating-6-billion-light-years-away-from-earth-739692">NASA discovers jewelled ring-shaped exoplanet floating 6 billion light-years away from Earth</a>

Black holes&nbsp;are massive cosmic bodies which have intense gravitational pull from which even light fails to escape.

The black holes are formed because of the collapse of massive stars when their life cycles end and the pressure from thermonuclear reactions in their cores is no longer able to counteract the force of&nbsp;gravity.

<h2>What is kugelblitz,&nbsp;a 'hypothetical black hole'?&nbsp;</h2>

However, there is one type of black hole formation formula which is a more exotic hypothesis.&nbsp;

This theory explains the creation of a "kugelblitz", which is a German word for "ball lightning."&nbsp;

Explaining this black hole to Live Science, physicist and study co-author&nbsp;Jose Polo-Gomez at the University of Waterloo and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada said, "A kugelblitz is a hypothetical black hole that, instead of forming from the collapse of 'ordinary matter' (whose main constituents are protons, neutrons, and electrons), is formed from concentrating humongous amounts of electromagnetic radiation, such as light."

Watch:&nbsp;Scientists unveil Black Hole's plunge, bizarre region around black holes found

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"Even though light does not have mass, it does carry energy," added Polo-Gomez. He said that Einstein's theory of general relativity proposes that energy leads to the creation of curvatures in space-time which result in gravitational attractions.&nbsp;

"Because of that, it is in principle possible for light to form black holes — if we concentrate enough of it in a small enough volume," the author said.

The team discovered that, even under the most extreme circumstances, it is not possible for pure light to reach the required energy threshold for forming a black hole.

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has challenged the existence of extreme cosmic objects, called "kugelblitze", which are black holes formed only from light. The new theory states that it is not possible for such a black hole to be formed in our universe which challenges the theory of general relativity given by scientist Albert Einstein.

A new study has challenged the existence of extreme cosmic objects, called "kugelblitze", which are black holes formed only from light. The new theory states that it is not possible for such a black hole to be formed in our universe which challenges the theory of general relativity given by scientist Albert Einstein. The study has shown how general relativity and quantum mechanics can be reconciled for solving complex scientific questions and placed some constraints on cosmological models. Also Read: NASA discovers jewelled ring-shaped exoplanet floating 6 billion light-years away from Earth Black holes are massive cosmic bodies which have intense gravitational pull from which even light fails to escape. The black holes are formed because of the collapse of massive stars when their life cycles end and the pressure from thermonuclear reactions in their cores is no longer able to counteract the force of gravity. What is kugelblitz, a 'hypothetical black hole'? However, there is one type of black hole formation formula which is a more exotic hypothesis. This theory explains the creation of a "kugelblitz", which is a German word for "ball lightning." Explaining this black hole to Live Science, physicist and study co-author Jose Polo-Gomez at the University of Waterloo and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada said, "A kugelblitz is a hypothetical black hole that, instead of forming from the collapse of 'ordinary matter' (whose main constituents are protons, neutrons, and electrons), is formed from concentrating humongous amounts of electromagnetic radiation, such as light." Watch: Scientists unveil Black Hole's plunge, bizarre region around black holes found "Even though light does not have mass, it does carry energy," added Polo-Gomez. He said that Einstein's theory of general relativity proposes that energy leads to the creation of curvatures in space-time which result in gravitational attractions. "Because of that, it is in principle possible for light to form black holes — if we concentrate enough of it in a small enough volume," the author said. The team discovered that, even under the most extreme circumstances, it is not possible for pure light to reach the required energy threshold for forming a black hole. (With inputs from agencies)

No black holes birthed by light exist in universe. So, was Einstein wrong?

NASA&nbsp;administrator Bill Nelson says that at least a trillion 'Earth-like' planets are there in the entire universe which increases the possibility of alien life.

He said that NASA has been planning to send back the astronauts to the lunar surface in the days ahead. Four astronauts are set to orbit the moon next year.

"We don't need to go back to the moon just for the moon. We're going back to learn new things. In order for us to go to Mars and beyond," Administrator Bill Nelson said.

The Jezero Crater&nbsp;on Mars, which once existed as a lake on the red planet, was being explored by the Perseverance Rover. According to scientists, several findings suggest that Mars once hosted life and was teeming with rivers.&nbsp;

"It's getting samples and it's drilling with this drill, creating these core samples about the size of a cigar and sealing them up in these titanium tubes," explained Nelson.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/aliens-may-be-travelling-from-one-planet-to-another-via-meteorites-study-713790">Aliens may be travelling from one planet to another via meteorites: Study</a>

"We're trying to figure out right now how we're going to go back and get them and bring them back to Earth so that we got an idea of whether or not there was life there," he added.

NASA has been working with various companies to develop a plan to bring them back which is likely to happen in the 2030s.

<h2>NASA's hunt for alien life</h2>

The agency, along with Firebird Diagnostics, has been hunting for signs of life on Mars. "NASA's mission is to go out, among other things, and discover whether or not we are alone," Firebird Diagnostics Founder Steven Benner said.

His company is selling a so-called alien DNA. The company uses synthetic properties and this has helped NASA understand the different forms of alternative DNA which might exist.

"It's a big question as to how molecular biology could be done if it was, done by an organism that does not share a common ancestor, a common origin, with you and me," said Benner.

Watch:&nbsp;Earth's inner core rotation slowing down; deceleration of core confirmed: study

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Nelson said that they have been hunting for life on other planets. "If you ask me directly, do I think that there are aliens here&nbsp;on Earth? I don't think so. I don't absolutely know. And I don't think the US&nbsp;government is hiding anything from anybody. But if you ask me, 'do I think there's life out there in the cosmos?'"

"I ask our NASA scientists that question. 'How many possibilities in the vastness of this universe are there, that there's another planet like Earth that would be habitable for life as something like we know it?’ They said at least a trillion," he added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA administrator Bill Nelson says that at least a trillion 'Earth-like' planets are there in the entire universe which increases the possibility of alien life.

NASA administrator Bill Nelson says that at least a trillion 'Earth-like' planets are there in the entire universe which increases the possibility of alien life. He said that NASA has been planning to send back the astronauts to the lunar surface in the days ahead. Four astronauts are set to orbit the moon next year. "We don't need to go back to the moon just for the moon. We're going back to learn new things. In order for us to go to Mars and beyond," Administrator Bill Nelson said. The Jezero Crater on Mars, which once existed as a lake on the red planet, was being explored by the Perseverance Rover. According to scientists, several findings suggest that Mars once hosted life and was teeming with rivers. "It's getting samples and it's drilling with this drill, creating these core samples about the size of a cigar and sealing them up in these titanium tubes," explained Nelson. Also Read: Aliens may be travelling from one planet to another via meteorites: Study "We're trying to figure out right now how we're going to go back and get them and bring them back to Earth so that we got an idea of whether or not there was life there," he added. NASA has been working with various companies to develop a plan to bring them back which is likely to happen in the 2030s. NASA's hunt for alien life The agency, along with Firebird Diagnostics, has been hunting for signs of life on Mars. "NASA's mission is to go out, among other things, and discover whether or not we are alone," Firebird Diagnostics Founder Steven Benner said. His company is selling a so-called alien DNA. The company uses synthetic properties and this has helped NASA understand the different forms of alternative DNA which might exist. "It's a big question as to how molecular biology could be done if it was, done by an organism that does not share a common ancestor, a common origin, with you and me," said Benner. Watch: Earth's inner core rotation slowing down; deceleration of core confirmed: study Nelson said that they have been hunting for life on other planets. "If you ask me directly, do I think that there are aliens here on Earth? I don't think so. I don't absolutely know. And I don't think the US government is hiding anything from anybody. But if you ask me, 'do I think there's life out there in the cosmos?'" "I ask our NASA scientists that question. 'How many possibilities in the vastness of this universe are there, that there's another planet like Earth that would be habitable for life as something like we know it?’ They said at least a trillion," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

Are we alone in the cosmos? NASA chief says a trillion Earth-like planets are out there

The vast expanse of our galaxy holds wonders beyond our imagination. In a groundbreaking achievement, James Webb Space telescope has identified the most distant galaxy ever observed. Watch the video to know more.

From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages

A 'Cosmic glitch', an irregularity in the rules of the universe, has been observed in&nbsp;Einstein's theory of general relativity, as per new research. This anomaly includes some inconsistencies in gravity at cosmic levels, where it gets weaker.

Notably, in everyday situations on Earth's surface or in our solar system, the effects of gravity are approximately constant. In extreme conditions, such as near black holes or during cosmic events like the collision of neutron stars, the effects of gravity can be significantly different and would require Einstein's theory of general relativity for accurate predictions.

However, a new cosmic glitch suggest&nbsp;discrepancy in the Einstein's theory.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/over-30-of-covaxin-takers-experienced-nervous-system-disorders-menstrual-abnormalities-suggests-study-722361">Over 30% of Covaxin takers experienced nervous system disorders, menstrual abnormalities, suggests study</a>

Co-author Niayesh Afshordi reportedly said, "[It's] like making a puzzle on the surface of a sphere, then laying the pieces on a flat table and trying to fit them together," adding, "at some point, the pieces on the table will not quite fit each other, because you are using the wrong framework."

"The glitch is the smoking gun for a fundamental violation of Einstein's equivalence principle (or Lorentz symmetry), which could point to radically different pictures for quantum gravity, the Big Bang, or black holes," he added.

<h2>What does the study reveal?&nbsp;</h2>

In a study published on March 20 in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, researchers found out two major issues. The current cosmological model relies on dark matter and dark energy - mysterious entities that haven't been directly detected and don't fully explain the universe's expansion rates.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/google-harvard-reveal-new-insights-about-human-brain-using-ai-heres-how-722379">Google, Harvard reveal new insights about human brain using AI. Here's how</a>

To tackle these issues, the researchers suggested a simple modification - adjusting the universal constant of gravitation on different distance scales.&nbsp;

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"The modification is very simple: We assume the universal constant of gravitation is different on cosmological scales, compared to smaller (like solar system or galactic) scales," Afshordi said. "We call this a cosmic glitch."

"We find evidence for the glitch: cosmic gravity is about 1% weaker than galactic/solar-system gravity," Afshordi noted.&nbsp;

Scott Dodelson, a physics professor at Carnegie Mellon University, reportedly said,&nbsp;"If so, it means we understand even less than we thought we did."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A 'Cosmic glitch', an irregularity in the rules of the universe, has been observed in Einstein's theory of general relativity, as per new research. This anomaly includes some inconsistencies in gravity at cosmic levels, where it gets weaker.

A 'Cosmic glitch', an irregularity in the rules of the universe, has been observed in Einstein's theory of general relativity, as per new research. This anomaly includes some inconsistencies in gravity at cosmic levels, where it gets weaker. Notably, in everyday situations on Earth's surface or in our solar system, the effects of gravity are approximately constant. In extreme conditions, such as near black holes or during cosmic events like the collision of neutron stars, the effects of gravity can be significantly different and would require Einstein's theory of general relativity for accurate predictions. However, a new cosmic glitch suggest discrepancy in the Einstein's theory. Also Read | Over 30% of Covaxin takers experienced nervous system disorders, menstrual abnormalities, suggests study Co-author Niayesh Afshordi reportedly said, "[It's] like making a puzzle on the surface of a sphere, then laying the pieces on a flat table and trying to fit them together," adding, "at some point, the pieces on the table will not quite fit each other, because you are using the wrong framework." "The glitch is the smoking gun for a fundamental violation of Einstein's equivalence principle (or Lorentz symmetry), which could point to radically different pictures for quantum gravity, the Big Bang, or black holes," he added. What does the study reveal? In a study published on March 20 in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, researchers found out two major issues. The current cosmological model relies on dark matter and dark energy - mysterious entities that haven't been directly detected and don't fully explain the universe's expansion rates. Also Read | Google, Harvard reveal new insights about human brain using AI. Here's how To tackle these issues, the researchers suggested a simple modification - adjusting the universal constant of gravitation on different distance scales. Watch | French artist Saype unveils latest artwork | Artwork entitled 'bright dreams' × "The modification is very simple: We assume the universal constant of gravitation is different on cosmological scales, compared to smaller (like solar system or galactic) scales," Afshordi said. "We call this a cosmic glitch." "We find evidence for the glitch: cosmic gravity is about 1% weaker than galactic/solar-system gravity," Afshordi noted. Scott Dodelson, a physics professor at Carnegie Mellon University, reportedly said, "If so, it means we understand even less than we thought we did." (With inputs from agencies)

Cosmic glitch in Einstein's relativity theory could redefine our understanding of Universe

The origin of life in the universe has always remained shrouded in mystery. Now, in a recent find, astronomers have stumbled upon an ancient star explosion which may have birthed life in the cosmos.

The origin of life in the universe has always remained shrouded in mystery. Now, in a recent find, astronomers have stumbled upon an ancient star explosion which may have birthed life in the cosmos. The key element for the origin of life is phosphorus which is important for the creation of DNA, which is the blueprint of all life. The astronomers are now trying to study how the crucial element came into existence. A new theory has now proposed that a particular stellar explosion, called “ONe novae” can be phosphorus' primary source in the universe. How life came into existence with the Big Bang? At the inception of the universe, the lightest element - hydrogen - was generated by the Big Bang. Also Read: Space cookie still smells fresh after four years. Know how Heavier elements like helium are created from fiery cores of stars where there is intense pressure and heat fuses hydrogen atoms. The process continues and elements like oxygen and carbon are created. The fuel of the stars is eventually exhausted by these stellar furnaces which leads to cataclysmic explosions like novae and supernovae. Such events lead to the dispersal of the newly forged elements into the cosmos which enriches the interstellar medium by creating blocks for planets, asteroids, and eventually, life. How ONe novae lead to the production of phosphorus and eventually life? ONe novae are a category of stellar explosions which occur in white dwarf stars having a high composition of oxygen, neon, and magnesium. These white dwarfs take matter from a companion star and when the accumulated material reaches the critical stage, it leads to a runaway thermonuclear reaction. The explosive event releases a significant amount of stellar material which includes newly synthesised elements that surround the interstellar space. Astronomers Kenji Bekki and Takuji Tsujimoto have reached a hypothesis which suggests that these ONe novae can be the primarily mechanism which is responsible for the production and distribution of phosphorus, which is an important element for life. Watch: Boeing to send Starliner space capsule with 2 astronauts' “A ONe nova occurs when matter builds up on the surface of an oxygen-neon-magnesium rich white dwarf star and is heated to the point to ignite explosive run-away nuclear fusion,” Tsujimoto explained. According to Bekki and Tsujimoto’s model, the highest point was reached by ONe novae approximately 8 billion years ago. The peak in ONe novae activity may have led to phosphorus' major enrichment in the interstellar medium. Since our solar system was formed nearly 4.6 billion years ago, the timeline shows that phosphorus, which is a crucial element for life, would have been in abundance in the universe and would have been accessible during the early stages of the formation of Earth. The availability of phosphorus may have led to a pivotal role in the evolution and emergence of life on Earth. (With inputs from agencies)

As THIS star exploded, life probably originated in the universe, hints astronomers

To return to past, one might need a Time Machine, and that as of now, is the subject of science fiction. But scientists have now managed to find out something from the depth of time for real. They have discovered something 'really surprising' from billions of years ago that could change the way we understand the grand infinite universe.&nbsp;

The findings came from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and the Near-InfraRed Camera (NIRCam) deployed on it. The technology allows scientists to study the earliest known galaxies in our universe.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/its-official-maisies-galaxy-is-one-of-the-earliest-known-galaxies-confirm-scientists-625852">It’s official! Maisie's Galaxy is one of the earliest known galaxies</a>

A team of researchers from Durham University have dissected data from just a few billion years after the universe was formed. For reference, our universe is about 13.7 billion years old.

This is even further back than the previous earliest-known conditions of universe observed for the period about nine billion years ago.&nbsp;

The team’s findings have been published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

<h2>What does it mean?</h2>

The findings point to the presence of more settled forms of environments. They occurred despite the more chaotic nature of galaxies in their earlier gestation period.

"Galaxies in the early universe are maturing much faster than we thought," said Zoe Le Conte, a PhD researcher in the Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy within the Department of Physics at Durham University, who is also the lead author on the research.

"This is a real surprise because you would expect the universe at that stage to be very turbulent with lots of collisions between galaxies and a lot of gas that hasn’t yet transformed into stars."

Also watch |&nbsp;The Big Space: James Webb Telescope makes shocking discovery, shows extreme promise early on

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"However, thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope we are seeing a lot of these bars much earlier in the life of the Universe which means that galaxies were at a more settled stage in their evolution than previously thought."

"This means we will have to adjust our views on early galaxy evolution."

(With inputs from agencies)

To return to past, one might need a Time Machine, and that as of now, is the subject of science fiction. But scientists have now managed to find out something from the depth of time for real.

To return to past, one might need a Time Machine, and that as of now, is the subject of science fiction. But scientists have now managed to find out something from the depth of time for real. They have discovered something 'really surprising' from billions of years ago that could change the way we understand the grand infinite universe. The findings came from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and the Near-InfraRed Camera (NIRCam) deployed on it. The technology allows scientists to study the earliest known galaxies in our universe. Also read | It’s official! Maisie's Galaxy is one of the earliest known galaxies A team of researchers from Durham University have dissected data from just a few billion years after the universe was formed. For reference, our universe is about 13.7 billion years old. This is even further back than the previous earliest-known conditions of universe observed for the period about nine billion years ago. The team’s findings have been published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. What does it mean? The findings point to the presence of more settled forms of environments. They occurred despite the more chaotic nature of galaxies in their earlier gestation period. "Galaxies in the early universe are maturing much faster than we thought," said Zoe Le Conte, a PhD researcher in the Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy within the Department of Physics at Durham University, who is also the lead author on the research. "This is a real surprise because you would expect the universe at that stage to be very turbulent with lots of collisions between galaxies and a lot of gas that hasn’t yet transformed into stars." Also watch | The Big Space: James Webb Telescope makes shocking discovery, shows extreme promise early on × "However, thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope we are seeing a lot of these bars much earlier in the life of the Universe which means that galaxies were at a more settled stage in their evolution than previously thought." "This means we will have to adjust our views on early galaxy evolution." (With inputs from agencies)

'Surprise'! Scientists discover earliest known galaxies since about beginning of time

Scientists have spotted a massive explosion of cosmic gas in the centre of a galaxy which has released cosmic material worth 50 million suns in the universe. The gigantic outburst, which is known as a "gas outflow," is nearly 20,000 light-years across almost a fifth of the entire Milky Way galaxy's diameter, as per a new paper published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Scientists have spotted a massive explosion of cosmic gas in the centre of a galaxy which has released cosmic material worth 50 million suns in the universe. The gigantic outburst, which is known as a "gas outflow," is nearly 20,000 light-years across almost a fifth of the entire Milky Way galaxy's diameter, as per a new paper published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Also Read: Space trash threatens Earth's magnetic field The scientists discovered this strange astronomical phenomenon when it occurred in the galaxy NGC 4383, which is around 54,000,000 light-years away from the nearby Virgo cluster as the gas flowed out from the galaxy at a rate of over 447,000 miles per hour. What are gas outflows and when do they occur? The gas outflows take place when large amounts of gas get blown out from one galaxy into intergalactic space and they are generally driven by some energetic cosmic events like supernovae. Such gas outflows can have a major impact on their host galaxies by regulating the formation of stars. Through the ejection of gas from the galaxy, the outflows limit the material available for new stars which affects the growth and structure of the galaxy. Such gas outflows also fill the space between the galaxies with the heavy elements which have been produced inside stars. This particular outflow is said to have occurred because of huge stellar explosions near the centre of NGC 4383 that ejected major amounts of hydrogen gas as well as other elements. As per the paper, nearly 50 million suns' worth of gas was released from these explosions. "Very little is known about the physics of outflows and their properties because outflows are very hard to detect," said study co-author Adam Watts, who is an astrophysicist at the University of Western Australia and the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), in a statement. Watch: China 'militarising' space? "The ejected gas is quite rich in heavy elements giving us a unique view of the complex process of mixing between hydrogen and metals in the outflowing gas," he stated. "In this particular case, we detected oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and many other chemical elements," he added. In the research paper, the scientists have revealed a high-resolution map of the explosion through which they plan to decode the mysteries of how chemical elements have polluted the space between galaxies, and how the loss of this gas has impacted the galaxies. (With inputs from agencies)

Cosmic explosion in centre of galaxy releases massive gas which may create 50 million suns

In a new research, it has been found that astronomers may need to study the pinpoints of purple to discover life on far-off planets. The new research has discovered the light signals which travel from worlds that lack sunlight and oxygen, like in many exoplanets found so far.

In a new research, it has been found that astronomers may need to study the pinpoints of purple to discover life on far-off planets. The new research has discovered the light signals which travel from worlds that lack sunlight and oxygen, like in many exoplanets found so far. The dominant colour which gives a signal of life on Earth is green because of the plants and bacteria which transform sunlight into energy with the help of green chlorophyll. On the planet, which orbits around smaller and dimmer stars, the organisms are expected by scientists to survive if they run their metabolism on other infrared light. Also Read: Scientists believe Uranus and Neptune are 'ice giants,' but a new study hints at something else Infrared-powered bacteria exist in different niches on Earth, especially where there is no penetration of sunlight like deep-sea hydrothermal vents or murky marshes. Astrobiologist grows bacteria to study alien life lurking in other worlds According to the study published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, an astrobiologist at Cornell University Ligia Fonseca Coelho and her co-authors grew various bacteria and measured the wavelengths of light which were reflected by them and simulated them with the kind of light signals seen in other worlds. As per the study researchers, telescopes like the Extremely Large Telescope - which has been under construction in Chile - and the Habitable Worlds Observatory - which is being planned out, will be able to look for these light spectra. In a statement, the director of Carl Sagan Institute and a Cornell University astronomer and co-author Lisa Kaltenegger said, "We need to create a database for signs of life to make sure our telescopes don't miss life if it happens not to look exactly like what we encounter around us every day." Purple bacteria thriving in low-oxygen environment hints at aliens' existence? Purple bacteria, which belong to a phylum known as Pseudomonadota, are able to thrive in low-oxygen environments, as per the scientists. Twenty species of purple non-sulfur-producing bacteria and 20 species of purple sulfur-producing bacteria were grown by Coelho and her colleagues. Watch: Pluto: Should 'Pluto' be a planet again? The debate rages on These species were gleaned by them from different environments, which included pre-existing lab colonies; a pond on Cornell's campus in upstate New York and the waters near Cape Cod, Massachusetts. "Our models show that depending on the surface coverage of the biota and the cloud coverage, a wide variety of terrestrial planets could show signs of purple bacteria surface biopigments," stated the researchers, in their paper. "While it is unknown whether life — or purple bacteria — can evolve on other worlds, purple might just be the new green in the search for surface life," they added. (With inputs from agencies)

Alien life may be hiding in purple hue of universe: Scientists

Scientists, after decoding different facets of how Earth and the Sun will eventually cease to exist, have now tried to understand how the universe will die.&nbsp;

The new observation hints that dark energy is likely getting weaker across the universe and so it will end with a "big crunch".&nbsp;

The "big crunch" event is most likely to occur after millions of years but experts working on a Dark Energy Spectroscopic vision warned that the world's future appears bleak.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/more-complex-than-we-thought-cosmologists-set-to-question-the-standards-of-how-we-view-the-universe-711506">More complex than we thought? Cosmologists set to question the standards of how we view the universe</a>

According to the research, since the universe is rapidly expanding, it is likely to weaken the energy which forms the atoms.

<h2>Universe will slowly grind to a halt and collapse</h2>

Scientists created one of the deepest&nbsp;maps&nbsp;of the cosmos using&nbsp;data collected by the&nbsp;Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)&nbsp;in just its first year.

Cosmologist at the Universidad ECCI in Columbia and former DESI team member, Luz Angela Garcia Penaloza confirmed that the dark energy's effect is "decreasing" over time.

Scientists have described this decrease in dark energy as the "big crunch". This observation of the cosmos implies that the universe will grind to a halt slowly and eventually collapse.&nbsp;

Speaking to Space.com, Luz said, "If what the first year of DESI results suggests is true, then the accelerated expansion of the universe will cease and eventually reverse, and the universe could begin drawing together under the influence of gravity."

"This could eventually lead to the universe ending in a 'Big Crunch' scenario," he added. Meanwhile, an expert said that the big crunch will be "initially" harmless, however, it will eventually develop into a life-killing experience.

Watch:&nbsp;Universe's brightest and hungriest black hole

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Pennsylvania State University's Martin Bojowald said, "The collapse initially would just be very harmless; the density of the universe would increase, but very slowly. But at some time, the collapse would lead to densities the same size as the Big Bang."&nbsp;

Till now, scientists have not been able to draw an entire picture of how the "big crunch" will appear.&nbsp;

According to Bojowald, the scientists are on the verge of comprehending the visual size of the "big crunch".

Explaining the magnitude of the "big crunch", Luz said, "We're going to have a very complementary vision of the universe from two completely different missions."

He said, "They are going to give us a completely brand new vision of how the universe is behaving and how dark energy is shaping the larger scale universal structure."

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists, after decoding different facets of how Earth and the Sun will eventually cease to exist, have now tried to understand how the universe will die. The new observation hints that dark energy is likely getting weaker across the universe and so it will end with a "big crunch".

Scientists, after decoding different facets of how Earth and the Sun will eventually cease to exist, have now tried to understand how the universe will die. The new observation hints that dark energy is likely getting weaker across the universe and so it will end with a "big crunch". The "big crunch" event is most likely to occur after millions of years but experts working on a Dark Energy Spectroscopic vision warned that the world's future appears bleak. Also Read: More complex than we thought? Cosmologists set to question the standards of how we view the universe According to the research, since the universe is rapidly expanding, it is likely to weaken the energy which forms the atoms. Universe will slowly grind to a halt and collapse Scientists created one of the deepest maps of the cosmos using data collected by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) in just its first year. Cosmologist at the Universidad ECCI in Columbia and former DESI team member, Luz Angela Garcia Penaloza confirmed that the dark energy's effect is "decreasing" over time. Scientists have described this decrease in dark energy as the "big crunch". This observation of the cosmos implies that the universe will grind to a halt slowly and eventually collapse. Speaking to Space.com, Luz said, "If what the first year of DESI results suggests is true, then the accelerated expansion of the universe will cease and eventually reverse, and the universe could begin drawing together under the influence of gravity." "This could eventually lead to the universe ending in a 'Big Crunch' scenario," he added. Meanwhile, an expert said that the big crunch will be "initially" harmless, however, it will eventually develop into a life-killing experience. Watch: Universe's brightest and hungriest black hole Pennsylvania State University's Martin Bojowald said, "The collapse initially would just be very harmless; the density of the universe would increase, but very slowly. But at some time, the collapse would lead to densities the same size as the Big Bang." Till now, scientists have not been able to draw an entire picture of how the "big crunch" will appear. According to Bojowald, the scientists are on the verge of comprehending the visual size of the "big crunch". Explaining the magnitude of the "big crunch", Luz said, "We're going to have a very complementary vision of the universe from two completely different missions." He said, "They are going to give us a completely brand new vision of how the universe is behaving and how dark energy is shaping the larger scale universal structure." (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists decode 'death' of our universe, say it will one day collapse and end with a 'big crunch'

For a Millennia Humanity has gazed at the night sky and pondered over the universe's fate. The prevailing Theory is that the Big Bang depicts a colossal explosion that birthed the cosmos and set it on a path of endless expansion. Our next report explains the latest research on the subject.

The big crunch: Our Universe's eternal enigma

The big crunch: How will the universe end?

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