A recent study published in the journal Nature Microbiology found that people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus might experience changes in their genome structure that could explain their immunity-related symptoms and risk of long Covid. According to the study, the virus can attack chromatin which is a structure where genetic materials in our cells are stored.&nbsp;

Studies have suggested that some viruses can hijack or change our chromatin, to reproduce in our cells but whether or how SARS-CoV-2 may affect our chromatin was previously unknown. “We found that many well-formed chromatin architectures of a normal cell become de-organised after infection,” said Wenbo Li, senior author of the study and associate professor at the United States-based University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, as per PTI.&nbsp;

He gave an example of one type of chromatin architecture termed A/B compartments that “can be analogous to the yin and yang portions of our chromatin.” However, after a person was infected with the SARS-CoV-2 they found that the yin and yang portions of the chromatin lose their “normal shapes and start to mix together,” said Li. Furthermore, not only can the shape but also the chemical composition of chromatin be altered by SARS-CoV-2, the study found.&nbsp;

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According to a scientist who was a part of the study, Xiaoyi Yuan, the changes in “chemical modifications of chromatin were known to exert long-term effects on gene expression and phenotypes”, reported PTI. Therefore, their research might provide an “unrealised new perspective to understand the viral impacts on host chromatin that can associate with long Covid,” Yuan added.&nbsp;

The mixing of chromatin might be the cause of some key genes like interleukin-6 to change, the study suggests. The interleukin-6 is a significant inflammation gene and this mixing and change can cause a cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients. A cytokine storm is a severe immune reaction where the body releases too many cytokines very quickly. While they play an important role in normal immune responses, a large amount released in the body at once can be harmful.&nbsp;

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“This study elucidated to us how SARS-CoV-2 can uniquely alter our chromatin to cause COVID-19 symptoms. Future work will focus on understanding the mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 can achieve this” said Li, as per PTI. Researchers also hope that these findings can pave the way for future research and understanding of the long-term effects of the virus.&nbsp; 
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A recent study published in the journal Nature Microbiology found that people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus might experience changes in their genome structure that could explain their immunity-related symptoms and risk of long Covid.

A recent study published in the journal Nature Microbiology found that people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus might experience changes in their genome structure that could explain their immunity-related symptoms and risk of long Covid. According to the study, the virus can attack chromatin which is a structure where genetic materials in our cells are stored. Studies have suggested that some viruses can hijack or change our chromatin, to reproduce in our cells but whether or how SARS-CoV-2 may affect our chromatin was previously unknown. “We found that many well-formed chromatin architectures of a normal cell become de-organised after infection,” said Wenbo Li, senior author of the study and associate professor at the United States-based University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, as per PTI. He gave an example of one type of chromatin architecture termed A/B compartments that “can be analogous to the yin and yang portions of our chromatin.” However, after a person was infected with the SARS-CoV-2 they found that the yin and yang portions of the chromatin lose their “normal shapes and start to mix together,” said Li. Furthermore, not only can the shape but also the chemical composition of chromatin be altered by SARS-CoV-2, the study found. ALSO READ | DNA study of Beethoven’s hair reveals his ailments, long-hidden family history secret According to a scientist who was a part of the study, Xiaoyi Yuan, the changes in “chemical modifications of chromatin were known to exert long-term effects on gene expression and phenotypes”, reported PTI. Therefore, their research might provide an “unrealised new perspective to understand the viral impacts on host chromatin that can associate with long Covid,” Yuan added. The mixing of chromatin might be the cause of some key genes like interleukin-6 to change, the study suggests. The interleukin-6 is a significant inflammation gene and this mixing and change can cause a cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients. A cytokine storm is a severe immune reaction where the body releases too many cytokines very quickly. While they play an important role in normal immune responses, a large amount released in the body at once can be harmful. ALSO READ | Study suggests high caffeine levels may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes “This study elucidated to us how SARS-CoV-2 can uniquely alter our chromatin to cause COVID-19 symptoms. Future work will focus on understanding the mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 can achieve this” said Li, as per PTI. Researchers also hope that these findings can pave the way for future research and understanding of the long-term effects of the virus. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

SARS-CoV-2 virus can alter our DNA, lead to long Covid: Study

A recent study has revealed that footballers are 50 per cent more likely to suffer from dementia compared to the rest of the population.

Researchers from Sweden's Karolinska Institutet&nbsp;published the study in the Lancet Public Health journal which compared 6,000 elite footballers' health records with more than 56,000 non-footballers between 1924 and 2019.

The study revealed that nine per cent of male footballers, who were playing in the Swedish top division, were diagnosed with neurodegenerative disease in comparison to six per cent from the control sample.

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The study then examined the difference in outfield players and goalkeepers’ cognitive health and found that outfield players had more chances of suffering from Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. However, the goalkeepers who rarely head the ball had fewer chances of dementia, “supporting the hypothesis that mild head impacts sustained when heading the ball could explain the increased risk in outfield players,” concluded the study.

Karolinska Institutet's assistant professor and the study's co-author Peter Ueda said, “Importantly, our findings suggest that goalkeepers don’t have the same increased risk of neurodegenerative disease as outfield players. Goalkeepers rarely head the ball, unlike outfield players, but are exposed to similar environments and lifestyles during their football careers and perhaps also after retirement.”

Speaking about the possibility of heading the ball leading to dementia, UCL Genetics Institute's honorary professor David Curtis said, “It seems extremely plausible that repeatedly heading the ball during training and normal play produces brain damage which over time can result in dementia.”

WATCH | Scientists reveal how to detect signs of Dementia 9 years before diagnosis

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“The fact that the risk to goalkeepers, who rarely head the ball, is not increased, strengthens this hypothesis. If we assume that about one in 10 people would develop dementia anyway, then this means that about one in 20 professional footballers will develop dementia who would not otherwise have done so, as a result of heading the ball,” he added.

Emphasising the need for appropriate measures to protect the health of the players, associate director of research at Alzheimer’s Society, Dr Richard Oakley said, “We now urgently need more answers to determine what lies behind this link – why dementia would start to form, how the type of injury, frequency and age at which head injuries occur may influence risk, and how we can accurately predict who is likely to go on to develop dementia after a traumatic brain injury. Sporting bodies need this clarity so they can put in place appropriate measures to protect players.”

(With inputs from agencies) 
 
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A recent study has revealed that footballers are 50 per cent more likely to suffer from dementia compared to the rest of the population. Researchers from Sweden's Karolinska Institutet published the study in the Lancet Public Health journal which compared 6,000 elite footballers' health records with more than 56,000 non-footballers between 1924 and 2019.

A recent study has revealed that footballers are 50 per cent more likely to suffer from dementia compared to the rest of the population. Researchers from Sweden's Karolinska Institutet published the study in the Lancet Public Health journal which compared 6,000 elite footballers' health records with more than 56,000 non-footballers between 1924 and 2019. The study revealed that nine per cent of male footballers, who were playing in the Swedish top division, were diagnosed with neurodegenerative disease in comparison to six per cent from the control sample. ALSO READ | Over 10 million elderly Indians have dementia: AI study The study then examined the difference in outfield players and goalkeepers’ cognitive health and found that outfield players had more chances of suffering from Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. However, the goalkeepers who rarely head the ball had fewer chances of dementia, “supporting the hypothesis that mild head impacts sustained when heading the ball could explain the increased risk in outfield players,” concluded the study. Karolinska Institutet's assistant professor and the study's co-author Peter Ueda said, “Importantly, our findings suggest that goalkeepers don’t have the same increased risk of neurodegenerative disease as outfield players. Goalkeepers rarely head the ball, unlike outfield players, but are exposed to similar environments and lifestyles during their football careers and perhaps also after retirement.” Speaking about the possibility of heading the ball leading to dementia, UCL Genetics Institute's honorary professor David Curtis said, “It seems extremely plausible that repeatedly heading the ball during training and normal play produces brain damage which over time can result in dementia.” WATCH | Scientists reveal how to detect signs of Dementia 9 years before diagnosis “The fact that the risk to goalkeepers, who rarely head the ball, is not increased, strengthens this hypothesis. If we assume that about one in 10 people would develop dementia anyway, then this means that about one in 20 professional footballers will develop dementia who would not otherwise have done so, as a result of heading the ball,” he added. Emphasising the need for appropriate measures to protect the health of the players, associate director of research at Alzheimer’s Society, Dr Richard Oakley said, “We now urgently need more answers to determine what lies behind this link – why dementia would start to form, how the type of injury, frequency and age at which head injuries occur may influence risk, and how we can accurately predict who is likely to go on to develop dementia after a traumatic brain injury. Sporting bodies need this clarity so they can put in place appropriate measures to protect players.” (With inputs from agencies) You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Footballers have 50 per cent chances of developing dementia, study reveals

A team of defence scientists in China claim that an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) fired from North Korea could hit the United States in just 33 minutes if they fail to intercept it. The team which simulated the attack said that a North Korean missile can hit the central US in 1,997 seconds, or about 33 minutes. The hypothetical missile launch in question used North Korea’s Hwasong-15 which was test fired in 2017, reported the South China Morning Post.&nbsp;

The study published in the Chinese-language journal Modern Defense Technology said that if a Hwasong-15 missile were to be fired from Sunchon, a city in central North Korea’s South Pyongan province, a likely target would be the central US state of Missouri’s city of Columbia. The US missile defence headquarters would receive an alert about 20 seconds later, said the study as per SCMP.&nbsp;

Subsequently, the first batch of intercepting missiles from the US would take off within 11 minutes from Fort Greely in Alaska and another would be launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, that is if the first wave of interceptors were&nbsp;to fail. The study also suggested that there were gaps in Washington’s nuclear defence network like the “kill chain” system which would have difficulty in identifying and defending against an attack which&nbsp;could be used against them.&nbsp;

The two-stage, nuclear-capable missile with an effective range of 13,000 km is “sufficient to hit the entire US homeland” said Tang Yuyan of the Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering who also led the research in question. “If North Korea were to fire a nuclear-armed ICBM at the United States, we cannot be sure that our missile defence system would prevent it,” said Frederick K. Lamb, a Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois to CNN.&nbsp; 
 
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A team of defence scientists in China claim that an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) fired from North Korea could hit the United States in just 33 minutes if they fail to intercept it.

A team of defence scientists in China claim that an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) fired from North Korea could hit the United States in just 33 minutes if they fail to intercept it. The team which simulated the attack said that a North Korean missile can hit the central US in 1,997 seconds, or about 33 minutes. The hypothetical missile launch in question used North Korea’s Hwasong-15 which was test fired in 2017, reported the South China Morning Post. The study published in the Chinese-language journal Modern Defense Technology said that if a Hwasong-15 missile were to be fired from Sunchon, a city in central North Korea’s South Pyongan province, a likely target would be the central US state of Missouri’s city of Columbia. The US missile defence headquarters would receive an alert about 20 seconds later, said the study as per SCMP. Subsequently, the first batch of intercepting missiles from the US would take off within 11 minutes from Fort Greely in Alaska and another would be launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, that is if the first wave of interceptors were to fail. The study also suggested that there were gaps in Washington’s nuclear defence network like the “kill chain” system which would have difficulty in identifying and defending against an attack which could be used against them. The two-stage, nuclear-capable missile with an effective range of 13,000 km is “sufficient to hit the entire US homeland” said Tang Yuyan of the Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering who also led the research in question. “If North Korea were to fire a nuclear-armed ICBM at the United States, we cannot be sure that our missile defence system would prevent it,” said Frederick K. Lamb, a Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois to CNN. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

North Korean nuclear missile could hit US in just 33 minutes, says Chinese study

A new study has revealed that air pollution is creating a hindrance in the mating of fruit flies because females are unable to recognise the males' scent.

Female fruit flies use the scent of pheromones which is emitted by males to select them for mating, however, ozone pollution has disrupted the ability of males to emit their characteristic odour, researchers stated.

The study reflects how contaminated air is becoming a hindrance in the reproduction of fruit flies and other insects, and may lead to a decline in population.

“Everyone knows that we are facing insect decline, and so far the reason was pesticide use and habitat loss. But we think that we should also consider oxygen pollutants,” said Markus Knaden, who is an evolutionary neuroethology researcher at the Max Planck Institute as well as the study's lead author, which was published in the journal Nature Communications.

ALSO READ | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/two-fathers-and-a-mice-scientists-make-eggs-from-male-cells-to-do-the-unthinkable-570255">Mice with two biological dads: Scientists do the unthinkable</a>

This study is based on how the smell of the flower is perceived differently by the insects when they are exposed to elevated levels of ozone.

The team of Knaden tested Drosophila fruit flies' nine different species by exposing half the males from every species to clean air and the other half to an atmosphere in which ozone levels are at 100 parts per billion.

The scientists discovered that the males kept in the atmosphere with higher ozone levels began emitting lesser pheromones and faced trouble in attracting female partners.

“When we expose male flies to ozone, then suddenly it took them much longer to convince the female to mate,” Knaden said.

“What’s more, emitting pheromones also helps males fend off other males from trying to reproduce with them. But being exposed to ozone led to males smelling less like males, and a rise in the number of attempts to mate between males,” he added.

WATCH | Gravitas: Scientists claim superconductor breakthrough

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“In the lab, it doesn’t matter whether the male has to wait one or two minutes longer to mate, or whether the male accidentally courts another male. But in the field, there is a lot of selection pressure and the flies have to be efficient, so they have to give everything to find the female as soon as possible, copulate and fertilise her eggs before they’re killed by a predator,” the researcher further stated.

Knaden said that nature will be hugely affected by this as ozone is just one among the different pollutants present in the environment which can do this.

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A new study has revealed that air pollution is creating a hindrance in the mating of fruit flies because females are unable to recognise the males' scent. Female fruit flies use the scent of pheromones which is emitted by males to select them for mating, however, ozone pollution has disrupted the ability of males to emit their characteristic odour, researchers stated.

A new study has revealed that air pollution is creating a hindrance in the mating of fruit flies because females are unable to recognise the males' scent. Female fruit flies use the scent of pheromones which is emitted by males to select them for mating, however, ozone pollution has disrupted the ability of males to emit their characteristic odour, researchers stated. The study reflects how contaminated air is becoming a hindrance in the reproduction of fruit flies and other insects, and may lead to a decline in population. “Everyone knows that we are facing insect decline, and so far the reason was pesticide use and habitat loss. But we think that we should also consider oxygen pollutants,” said Markus Knaden, who is an evolutionary neuroethology researcher at the Max Planck Institute as well as the study's lead author, which was published in the journal Nature Communications. ALSO READ | Mice with two biological dads: Scientists do the unthinkable This study is based on how the smell of the flower is perceived differently by the insects when they are exposed to elevated levels of ozone. The team of Knaden tested Drosophila fruit flies' nine different species by exposing half the males from every species to clean air and the other half to an atmosphere in which ozone levels are at 100 parts per billion. The scientists discovered that the males kept in the atmosphere with higher ozone levels began emitting lesser pheromones and faced trouble in attracting female partners. “When we expose male flies to ozone, then suddenly it took them much longer to convince the female to mate,” Knaden said. “What’s more, emitting pheromones also helps males fend off other males from trying to reproduce with them. But being exposed to ozone led to males smelling less like males, and a rise in the number of attempts to mate between males,” he added. WATCH | Gravitas: Scientists claim superconductor breakthrough “In the lab, it doesn’t matter whether the male has to wait one or two minutes longer to mate, or whether the male accidentally courts another male. But in the field, there is a lot of selection pressure and the flies have to be efficient, so they have to give everything to find the female as soon as possible, copulate and fertilise her eggs before they’re killed by a predator,” the researcher further stated. Knaden said that nature will be hugely affected by this as ozone is just one among the different pollutants present in the environment which can do this. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Air pollution is causing decline in mating of fruit flies, study reveals

Peer-reviewed research from the University of Florida in the United States found that all the toilet paper from most regions across the world contains toxic “forever chemicals” and might be a significant source of water pollution.&nbsp;

Researchers suggest that once this waste is flushed down toilets and sent to sewage treatment plants it can become a part of the sludge which is created and is eventually spread on farms as fertilizer or even become a part of different water bodies, reported the Guardian. These synthetic chemicals which are present in soil and waterways across the globe “should be considered as a potentially major source” of PFAS in wastewater treatment systems.&nbsp;

The study checked 21 popular toilet paper brands across North America, Western Europe, Africa, Central America, and South America along with sewage samples from wastewater treatment plants in the US and found PFAS or “forever chemicals”.&nbsp;

PFAS refers to a class of 14,000 chemicals that are typically used in consumer products to make them water-resistant. As the name suggests, since these chemicals do not naturally break down they can cause cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease and fetal complications and can contribute to other major health issues.&nbsp;

However, the study published in the Environmental Science and Technology Letters journal did not consider the implications of using contaminated toilet paper on people’s health while there is a possibility of PFAS being absorbed through a person’s skin. They also said that reducing PFAS in wastewater is “critical” since they are potentially harmful.&nbsp;

The lead author of the study, Jake Thompson who is a grad student at the University of Florida said, “I’m not rushing to change my toilet paper and I’m not saying that people should stop using or reduce the amount of toilet paper they use.” He added, “The issue is that we’re identifying another source of PFAS, and it highlights that the chemicals are ubiquitous,” as per the Guardian.&nbsp;

According to Thompson, out of the 21 brands that they studied, but did not name, even the ones that recycled paper had similar amounts of PFAS to those that were not, which suggests that there might not be a way to avoid PFAS in toilet paper. The lead author also said that the levels of PFAS are low enough to suggest that they are used in the manufacturing process to prevent paper pulp from sticking to machinery, reported the Guardian.&nbsp; 
 
 
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Peer-reviewed research from the University of Florida in the United States found that all the toilet paper from most regions across the world contains toxic “forever chemicals” and might be a significant source of water pollution.

Peer-reviewed research from the University of Florida in the United States found that all the toilet paper from most regions across the world contains toxic “forever chemicals” and might be a significant source of water pollution. Researchers suggest that once this waste is flushed down toilets and sent to sewage treatment plants it can become a part of the sludge which is created and is eventually spread on farms as fertilizer or even become a part of different water bodies, reported the Guardian. These synthetic chemicals which are present in soil and waterways across the globe “should be considered as a potentially major source” of PFAS in wastewater treatment systems. The study checked 21 popular toilet paper brands across North America, Western Europe, Africa, Central America, and South America along with sewage samples from wastewater treatment plants in the US and found PFAS or “forever chemicals”. PFAS refers to a class of 14,000 chemicals that are typically used in consumer products to make them water-resistant. As the name suggests, since these chemicals do not naturally break down they can cause cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease and fetal complications and can contribute to other major health issues. However, the study published in the Environmental Science and Technology Letters journal did not consider the implications of using contaminated toilet paper on people’s health while there is a possibility of PFAS being absorbed through a person’s skin. They also said that reducing PFAS in wastewater is “critical” since they are potentially harmful. The lead author of the study, Jake Thompson who is a grad student at the University of Florida said, “I’m not rushing to change my toilet paper and I’m not saying that people should stop using or reduce the amount of toilet paper they use.” He added, “The issue is that we’re identifying another source of PFAS, and it highlights that the chemicals are ubiquitous,” as per the Guardian. According to Thompson, out of the 21 brands that they studied, but did not name, even the ones that recycled paper had similar amounts of PFAS to those that were not, which suggests that there might not be a way to avoid PFAS in toilet paper. The lead author also said that the levels of PFAS are low enough to suggest that they are used in the manufacturing process to prevent paper pulp from sticking to machinery, reported the Guardian. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Toxic ‘forever chemicals’ found in toilet paper is a significant source of water pollution: Study

A new research has shown that reusable water bottles carry 40,000 times more bacteria than an average toilet seat. Researchers at US-based waterfilterguru.com conducted the study by examining four popular types of water bottles: spout, screw-top, stray, and squeeze-top.

A new research has shown that reusable water bottles carry 40,000 times more bacteria than an average toilet seat. Researchers at US-based waterfilterguru.com conducted the study by examining four popular types of water bottles: spout, screw-top, stray, and squeeze-top. The researchers swabbed different bottle parts and found how colony-forming units (CFUs) festered inside them. CFU is a unit used to determine the concentration of bacteria in any sample. They majorly found two types of bacteria named gram-negative rods and bacillus. Gram-negative bacteria such as E. Coli and Klebsiella can cause serious infections such as pneumonia. The infections caused by the bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics; meaning they are superbugs. Meanwhile, ingestion of bacillus can lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal issues. "Bacteria are known as biological drinking water contaminants. They’re just one of four types of pollutants that might be present in the water coming out of your taps and into your reusable bottles. Even though US tap water is considered some of the safest in the world, contamination can still occur," read the research. Read more: Superbugs could be as big a killer as cancer is today by 2050: UN report On average, the bottles harboured as much as 20.8 million CFUs of gram negative bacteria. The spout and screw-top lid bottle were the most infected with 30 million CFUs. For comparison, a toilet seat has 515 CFUs. Meaning the bottles carried bacteria four times that of a computer mouse, 14 times of a pet bowl, and yes, 40,000 times more than a toilet seat. "The human mouth is home to a large number and range of different bacteria. So it's not surprising that drinking vessels are covered in microbes," said one of the scientists. The scientists stated that to avoid drinking contaminated water, the bottles should be washed at least once a day with soapy water. Moreover, the bottles should be sanitised at least once a week. Read more: Bacterial infections killed nearly eight million people, second-leading cause of death in 2019: Study (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Reusable water bottles carry 40,000 TIMES more bacteria than a toilet seat, shows study

The question - “Can we buy happiness with money?” - has remained unanswered even though many social scientists and economists have been tempted to solve the puzzle.

Recently, a fresh answer has come out in a new study according to which happiness increases with growth in earnings and income, as per a report published in The Washington Post.

The study is based on research conducted by Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman along with Princeton University's Matthew Killingsworth who performed number crunching to reach this conclusion, the outlet further stated.

The result of the study contradicts research conducted in 2010 which stated that money can only boost happiness to a certain point, which was estimated to be about $75,000 in annual earnings.

ALSO READ | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/netflix-starts-charging-money-for-extra-member-of-a-household-569571">Netflix starts charging money for 'extra member' of household in some countries</a>

Kahneman was among the two authors who had conducted the earlier study. The study became so popular that the founder of a credit card company raised his employees' minimum salaries to $70,000 by taking a cut in his own salary to do so.

The recent study was published this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, according to the Washington Post report.

Around 33,391 people, living in the US and between the age of 18 and 65, were surveyed by the two researchers. The people surveyed had a household income of a minimum of $10,000 a year.

As per the outlet, the responses about people's feelings at various intervals were recorded through a smartphone application by the researchers. The responses of people ranged from "very bad" to "very good".

WATCH | The key to happiness is more time, not more money

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CBS News stated that the study reached two major conclusions. One conclusion was that happiness does increase with growth in earnings up to $500,000 a year and the other conclusion was that a group of people exist for whom higher incomes do not create much of a difference.

This "unhappy group" comprised around 15 per cent of people, said the outlet further citing the study.

However, Killingsworth, in a statement, cautioned that money isn't everything. "Just one of the many determinants of happiness. Money is not the secret to happiness, but it can probably help a bit,” he stated.

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The question - “Can we buy happiness with money?” - has remained unanswered even though many social scientists and economists have been tempted to solve the puzzle.

The question - “Can we buy happiness with money?” - has remained unanswered even though many social scientists and economists have been tempted to solve the puzzle. Recently, a fresh answer has come out in a new study according to which happiness increases with growth in earnings and income, as per a report published in The Washington Post. The study is based on research conducted by Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman along with Princeton University's Matthew Killingsworth who performed number crunching to reach this conclusion, the outlet further stated. The result of the study contradicts research conducted in 2010 which stated that money can only boost happiness to a certain point, which was estimated to be about $75,000 in annual earnings. ALSO READ | Netflix starts charging money for 'extra member' of household in some countries Kahneman was among the two authors who had conducted the earlier study. The study became so popular that the founder of a credit card company raised his employees' minimum salaries to $70,000 by taking a cut in his own salary to do so. The recent study was published this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, according to the Washington Post report. Around 33,391 people, living in the US and between the age of 18 and 65, were surveyed by the two researchers. The people surveyed had a household income of a minimum of $10,000 a year. As per the outlet, the responses about people's feelings at various intervals were recorded through a smartphone application by the researchers. The responses of people ranged from "very bad" to "very good". WATCH | The key to happiness is more time, not more money CBS News stated that the study reached two major conclusions. One conclusion was that happiness does increase with growth in earnings up to $500,000 a year and the other conclusion was that a group of people exist for whom higher incomes do not create much of a difference. This "unhappy group" comprised around 15 per cent of people, said the outlet further citing the study. However, Killingsworth, in a statement, cautioned that money isn't everything. "Just one of the many determinants of happiness. Money is not the secret to happiness, but it can probably help a bit,” he stated. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Can money buy happiness? Nobel prize-winning economist says 'yes'

A new study has claimed that air pollution can accelerate bone weakness (osteoporosis) among postmenopausal women.

The effects were most evident on the lumbar spine, with nitrous oxides causing twice as damage to the area than seen with normal ageing, the scientists claimed.

The study was done by scientists from Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. And the findings have been published in the peer-reviewed journal eClinicalMedicine, part of The Lancet Discovery Science suite of open-access journals.

This conclusion was drawn after researchers examined the bone scan of more than 9,000 women living in four different parts of the US.

Each woman had done a bone scan thrice over a six-year period and then it was compared with the air they breathed. It was found that on average, air pollution accounted for a doubling of the speed of bone loss.

The new research builds on previous work by the same group that looked at hospitalisation for fractures among more than 9 million people in the eastern US.

This time, the team found that particle pollution was directly linked with people being taken to the hospital for fractures.

"Our findings confirm that poor air quality may be a risk factor for bone loss, independent of socioeconomic or demographic factors. For the first time, we have evidence that nitrogen oxides, in particular, are a major contributor to bone damage and that the lumbar spine is one of the most susceptible sites of this damage," said study first author Diddier Prada, MD, PhD, associate research scientist in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, according to ScienceDaily.

"Improvements in air pollution exposure, particularly nitrogen oxides, will reduce bone damage in postmenopausal women, prevent bone fractures, and reduce the health cost burden associated with osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. Further efforts should focus on detecting those at higher risk of air pollution-related bone damage," says lead author Andrea Baccarelli, MD, PhD, chair of the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health.

(With inputs from agencies)

&nbsp;

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A new study has claimed that air pollution can accelerate bone weakness (osteoporosis) among postmenopausal women. The effects were most evident on the lumbar spine, with nitrous oxides causing twice as damage to the area than seen with normal ageing, the scientists claimed.

A new study has claimed that air pollution can accelerate bone weakness (osteoporosis) among postmenopausal women. The effects were most evident on the lumbar spine, with nitrous oxides causing twice as damage to the area than seen with normal ageing, the scientists claimed. The study was done by scientists from Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. And the findings have been published in the peer-reviewed journal eClinicalMedicine, part of The Lancet Discovery Science suite of open-access journals. This conclusion was drawn after researchers examined the bone scan of more than 9,000 women living in four different parts of the US. Each woman had done a bone scan thrice over a six-year period and then it was compared with the air they breathed. It was found that on average, air pollution accounted for a doubling of the speed of bone loss. The new research builds on previous work by the same group that looked at hospitalisation for fractures among more than 9 million people in the eastern US. This time, the team found that particle pollution was directly linked with people being taken to the hospital for fractures. "Our findings confirm that poor air quality may be a risk factor for bone loss, independent of socioeconomic or demographic factors. For the first time, we have evidence that nitrogen oxides, in particular, are a major contributor to bone damage and that the lumbar spine is one of the most susceptible sites of this damage," said study first author Diddier Prada, MD, PhD, associate research scientist in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, according to ScienceDaily. "Improvements in air pollution exposure, particularly nitrogen oxides, will reduce bone damage in postmenopausal women, prevent bone fractures, and reduce the health cost burden associated with osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. Further efforts should focus on detecting those at higher risk of air pollution-related bone damage," says lead author Andrea Baccarelli, MD, PhD, chair of the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Air pollution speeds up bone loss in postmenopausal women, says study

A breakthrough study claims to have found a novel way to store carbon dioxide in the sea, sucked from the air. The new process uses off-the-shelf resins and other chemicals to increase CO2 absorption efficiency while reducing costs.

A breakthrough study claims to have found a novel way to store carbon dioxide in the sea, sucked from the air. The new process uses off-the-shelf resins and other chemicals to increase CO2 absorption efficiency while reducing costs. Prof Arup SenGupta from Lehigh University, the lead author of the study says a new hybrid absorbing material, used in the tests managed to take in three times as much CO2 as the previously used materials. Despite being a powerful warming agent, CO2 available in our atmosphere is relatively diluted at around 400 parts per million (ppm). Meaning, it becomes difficult to absorb and discharge the gas. However, the study published in the journal Science Advances claims to have solved the issue. "To my knowledge, there is no absorbing material which even at 100,000 ppm, shows the capacity we get it in direct air capture of 400 ppm. This simple ability to capture CO2 at a high quantity, in a small volume of material, is a unique aspect of our work," said SenGupta. Currently, captured CO2 is stored under the ground or sea inside erstwhile oil wells. The study posits that adding some chemicals can convert CO2 into bicarbonate which can be simply stored in seawater. Read more: Bumblebees learn to solve puzzles by observing peers, pass on knowledge: Study The global climate is getting hotter by the minute. Scientists are wary that cutting fossil fuels alone may not be enough to save the planet. Thus vacuuming Carbon dioxide from air has emerged as one of the bright ideas in recent times. However, the high cost of the method has stopped big companies from taking a bet on the technology. To take his work to next level, SenGupta wants to establish a company and develop the technology theorised. He believes that the new approach could remove CO2 from the environment for as less as $100 a tonne. Read more: Asian megacities at more risk from rising sea levels than previously assumed, research warns While the technology looks impressive on paper, environmental activists are not overly impressed. They believe it is a 'get-out-of-the-jail' card for big corporations and countries to cut corners on reducing their fossil fuel use. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

A new study claims to have found breakthrough in sucking up CO2 from atmosphere

A comprehensive gender mapping has revealed that it is a male-dominated landscape at some of the biggest multilateral organizations across the world and women in leadership positions are being sidelined.&nbsp;

The report was prepared by GWL Voices for Change and Inclusion. It is an advocacy group with 62 current and former senior women leaders at the helm of it.&nbsp;

The mapping of the number of women leaders in 33 of the world’s largest multilateral organizations reveals that since 1945, these organizations have collectively had a total of 382 leaders.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/indigo-in-talks-with-boeing-for-largest-jet-purchase-airbus-to-get-a-tough-fight-569124">Indian airline Indigo in talks with Boeing for largest-ever jet order, Airbus to get a tough fight</a>

Out of 382 leaders, 335 were men and only 47 were women, which means, that in all, women have been in charge for only 12% of the time since 1945.

The study pointed out that despite recent progress, only one-third of these organizations are currently headed by a woman.

Out of these 33 organisations, 13 including all four of the world’s largest development banks have never elected a woman as their leader. Moreover, 5 of these organisations have elected a female president only once in their entire history.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/worlds-first-openly-transgender-mp-georgina-beyer-dies-in-new-zealand-at-65-569186">World’s first openly transgender MP, Georgina Beyer, dies in New Zealand at 65</a>

The data shows that women’s representation is slightly better at the organizations in charge of areas such as children, food, population and health.&nbsp;

However, the report clarifies that looking at the institutions that have only been run by men, one should not think the world lacks female professionals with outstanding careers in fields such as politics, finance, and international development amoung others.&nbsp;

In fact, the report said that those fields are full of female professionals more than qualified to fill leadership positions. The data for this report was gathered during January and February of 2023.&nbsp;

Watch | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/elite-israeli-defence-pilots-protest-judicial-reforms-by-boycott-reserve-duty-training-569103">Elite Israeli defence pilots protest judicial reforms by boycotting reserve duty, training</a>

GWL Voices will publish a more extensive version of this report in the second half of 2023. It will include data on the gender composition of the senior management teams and the governing bodies of each of the 33 organizations.

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A comprehensive gender mapping has revealed that it is a male-dominated landscape at some of the biggest multilateral organizations across the world and women in leadership positions are being sidelined.

A comprehensive gender mapping has revealed that it is a male-dominated landscape at some of the biggest multilateral organizations across the world and women in leadership positions are being sidelined. The report was prepared by GWL Voices for Change and Inclusion. It is an advocacy group with 62 current and former senior women leaders at the helm of it. The mapping of the number of women leaders in 33 of the world’s largest multilateral organizations reveals that since 1945, these organizations have collectively had a total of 382 leaders. Also Read | Indian airline Indigo in talks with Boeing for largest-ever jet order, Airbus to get a tough fight Out of 382 leaders, 335 were men and only 47 were women, which means, that in all, women have been in charge for only 12% of the time since 1945. The study pointed out that despite recent progress, only one-third of these organizations are currently headed by a woman. Out of these 33 organisations, 13 including all four of the world’s largest development banks have never elected a woman as their leader. Moreover, 5 of these organisations have elected a female president only once in their entire history. Also Read | World’s first openly transgender MP, Georgina Beyer, dies in New Zealand at 65 The data shows that women’s representation is slightly better at the organizations in charge of areas such as children, food, population and health. However, the report clarifies that looking at the institutions that have only been run by men, one should not think the world lacks female professionals with outstanding careers in fields such as politics, finance, and international development amoung others. In fact, the report said that those fields are full of female professionals more than qualified to fill leadership positions. The data for this report was gathered during January and February of 2023. Watch | Elite Israeli defence pilots protest judicial reforms by boycotting reserve duty, training GWL Voices will publish a more extensive version of this report in the second half of 2023. It will include data on the gender composition of the senior management teams and the governing bodies of each of the 33 organizations. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Male-dominated landscape prevalent at multilateral organisations, reveals study

Here, we bring you the news that is trending across WION's social media platforms - Two years later and still the negative ramifications of covid-19 pandemic just keep on coming. A new study revealed that the covid pandemic not only affected our physical health but also had detrimental impact on mental well-being.

Trending on WION: 'Dramatic decline in mental well-being of young people', says study

The Earth's inner core appears to have recently slowed its rotation. The heart of the planet now rotates at a slightly more sluggish rate than the layers above.

Why has the Earth's spinning inner core slowed down compared to the surface?

India has set up a panel of officials to see how rising temperatures will have an impact on the wheat crops as the weather officials has warned that above normal temperatures would prevail in key producing states.

India studies impact of higher temperature on wheat

A pan-India study has revealed that dementia, a debilitating disorder that affects memory and cognitive function, is prevalent among an estimated 7.4% of seniors citizens in India.

9 million Indians suffer from Dementia

Scientists have discovered the pieces of DNA which are said to act like “Bond villains” in helping cancers spread. The bits of genetic material known as extrachromosomal DNA or ecDNA were found by researchers working on an initiative known as the Cancer Grand Challenges, which is backed by Cancer Research in the United Kingdom and the United States National Cancer Institute. The team of researchers included chemists, biologists, geneticists, mathematicians, and immunologists based in London and California as well as other centres, reported the Guardian.&nbsp;

The scientists also said that this ecDNA can help tumours to develop resistance to anti-cancer drugs, therefore, its discovery can revolutionise treatments of some of the most aggressive tumours affecting people today. Speaking to the Guardian, Professor Paul Mischel of California’s Stanford University, called the discovery of how these microscopic agents behave inside the human body a “game changer.”&nbsp;

He added, that they believe that this ecDNA is responsible for a “large number of the more advanced, most serious cancers” that people are suffering from today and if they can “block their activities, we can block the spread of these cancers.” Notably, these small circular pieces of genetic information can enable cancer cells to evolve rapidly and become more resistant to existing cancer treatments.&nbsp;

Furthermore, researchers also found that the ecDNA act as cancer-causing genes as they are somehow able to separate themselves from a person’s chromosomes and “have started to behave in ways that circumvent the normal rules of genetics” said Stanford University geneticist Howard Chang, as per the Guardian. He added, “They behave like villains in a Bond film. At first, in a film, you see different explosions, killings and disasters occurring and you don’t know why they are happening or who is responsible. Then, at some point, you finally meet the villain who is revealed to be the agent of all this mayhem.”

While these genes, known as oncogenes, can be targeted by a range of drugs and therapies it is their resistance to these methods which allows cancer to return, Professor Mischel explained. Researchers also found that in some of the most aggressive forms of cancer, the oncogenes were “actually on extrachromosomal DNA.”

He added, “The vulnerable gene had quickly disappeared when threatened by cancer drugs and was hidden in ecDNA. Then it reappeared once it was safe for it to start causing damage again”. Therefore, the researchers are now “looking to pinpoint the achilles heel of ecDNA and have identified a protein that helps hold it together”, said Chang, reported the Guardian. He also spoke about how the team has found the drug which has a “promising effect” on the identified protein and in a few years with a lot more testing he is sure that they will find the best way to tackle ecDNA. &nbsp; 
 
&nbsp;

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Scientists have discovered the pieces of DNA which are said to act like “Bond villains” in helping cancers spread. The bits of genetic material known as extrachromosomal DNA or ecDNA were found by researchers working on an initiative known as the Cancer Grand Challenges, which is backed by Cancer Research in the United Kingdom and the United States National Cancer Institute.

Scientists have discovered the pieces of DNA which are said to act like “Bond villains” in helping cancers spread. The bits of genetic material known as extrachromosomal DNA or ecDNA were found by researchers working on an initiative known as the Cancer Grand Challenges, which is backed by Cancer Research in the United Kingdom and the United States National Cancer Institute. The team of researchers included chemists, biologists, geneticists, mathematicians, and immunologists based in London and California as well as other centres, reported the Guardian. The scientists also said that this ecDNA can help tumours to develop resistance to anti-cancer drugs, therefore, its discovery can revolutionise treatments of some of the most aggressive tumours affecting people today. Speaking to the Guardian, Professor Paul Mischel of California’s Stanford University, called the discovery of how these microscopic agents behave inside the human body a “game changer.” He added, that they believe that this ecDNA is responsible for a “large number of the more advanced, most serious cancers” that people are suffering from today and if they can “block their activities, we can block the spread of these cancers.” Notably, these small circular pieces of genetic information can enable cancer cells to evolve rapidly and become more resistant to existing cancer treatments. Furthermore, researchers also found that the ecDNA act as cancer-causing genes as they are somehow able to separate themselves from a person’s chromosomes and “have started to behave in ways that circumvent the normal rules of genetics” said Stanford University geneticist Howard Chang, as per the Guardian. He added, “They behave like villains in a Bond film. At first, in a film, you see different explosions, killings and disasters occurring and you don’t know why they are happening or who is responsible. Then, at some point, you finally meet the villain who is revealed to be the agent of all this mayhem.” While these genes, known as oncogenes, can be targeted by a range of drugs and therapies it is their resistance to these methods which allows cancer to return, Professor Mischel explained. Researchers also found that in some of the most aggressive forms of cancer, the oncogenes were “actually on extrachromosomal DNA.” He added, “The vulnerable gene had quickly disappeared when threatened by cancer drugs and was hidden in ecDNA. Then it reappeared once it was safe for it to start causing damage again”. Therefore, the researchers are now “looking to pinpoint the achilles heel of ecDNA and have identified a protein that helps hold it together”, said Chang, reported the Guardian. He also spoke about how the team has found the drug which has a “promising effect” on the identified protein and in a few years with a lot more testing he is sure that they will find the best way to tackle ecDNA. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Scientists discover ‘Bond villain’ DNA, say it is ‘game changer’ for cancer treatment

Do people call you lazy, especially in winter? Or do you feel lazy only because you sleep a bit extra as winter starts? If yes, then, you're not lazy.&nbsp;A study has revealed that while we humans do not hibernate, but, we need a bit more sleep during the colder months.&nbsp;

Published in Frontiers in Neuroscience, the study has found that people get more REM (rapid eye movement) sleep in the winter. However, REM sleep, which is directly linked to the circadian clock and is affected by changing light, was 30 minutes longer in winter than in summer. The research suggests that even in urban areas, people who experience disrupted sleep, experience longer REM sleep in colder months, Guardian reported.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-_0-reasons-you-are-unable-to-sleep-547589">Also read |&nbsp;10 reasons you are unable to sleep</a>

Researchers have claimed that if the study's findings can be replicated in a healthy lifestyle, then it can be done when they adjust their&nbsp;sleep habits, such&nbsp;as going to sleep early.

The team of scientists examined around 292 patients who&nbsp;had undergone sleep studies, which is called polysomnography.

Watch |&nbsp;Your sleep cycle can put you at risk of hypertension

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Patients who experience disrupted sleep&nbsp;were asked to sleep naturally in a special laboratory without an alarm clock&nbsp;to monitor the quality, type of sleep and as well as the length of sleep.&nbsp;

After excluding people taking sleep-affecting medications, technical errors and those who might have skipped the first REM stage, 188 patients remained in the&nbsp;study.&nbsp;

The author of the study, Dr Dieter Kunz, said, "Seasonality is ubiquitous in any living being on this planet. Even though we still perform unchanged over the winter, human physiology is down-regulated, with a sensation of ‘running-on-empty’ in February or March."

Kunz said that in general people need to adjust their sleep including the length and timing of the season, and working schedules.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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Do people call you lazy, especially in winter? Or do you feel lazy only because you sleep a bit extra as winter starts? If yes, then, you're not lazy. A study has revealed that while we humans do not hibernate, but, we need a bit more sleep during the colder months.

Do people call you lazy, especially in winter? Or do you feel lazy only because you sleep a bit extra as winter starts? If yes, then, you're not lazy. A study has revealed that while we humans do not hibernate, but, we need a bit more sleep during the colder months. Published in Frontiers in Neuroscience, the study has found that people get more REM (rapid eye movement) sleep in the winter. However, REM sleep, which is directly linked to the circadian clock and is affected by changing light, was 30 minutes longer in winter than in summer. The research suggests that even in urban areas, people who experience disrupted sleep, experience longer REM sleep in colder months, Guardian reported. Also read | 10 reasons you are unable to sleep Researchers have claimed that if the study's findings can be replicated in a healthy lifestyle, then it can be done when they adjust their sleep habits, such as going to sleep early. The team of scientists examined around 292 patients who had undergone sleep studies, which is called polysomnography. Watch | Your sleep cycle can put you at risk of hypertension Patients who experience disrupted sleep were asked to sleep naturally in a special laboratory without an alarm clock to monitor the quality, type of sleep and as well as the length of sleep. After excluding people taking sleep-affecting medications, technical errors and those who might have skipped the first REM stage, 188 patients remained in the study. The author of the study, Dr Dieter Kunz, said, "Seasonality is ubiquitous in any living being on this planet. Even though we still perform unchanged over the winter, human physiology is down-regulated, with a sensation of ‘running-on-empty’ in February or March." Kunz said that in general people need to adjust their sleep including the length and timing of the season, and working schedules. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Humans not lazy in winter, need longer sleep than in summer, reveals new study

A new study has claimed that&nbsp;the face masks worn by people&nbsp;round-the-clock to curb the spread of the Covid-19 virus did ‘little to nothing’ to stop the transmission. A new scientific review titled “Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses" claims&nbsp;that the face masks failed to play a significant role in controlling the spread of the virus.&nbsp; 
 
The review, which was published by Cochrane Library, included the observation of 12 researchers from around the world. The study claimed that&nbsp;research was conducted on the results of 78 randomised controlled trials to understand whether the physical interventions, which included hand washing and wearing face masks, restricted the spread of coronavirus.

ALSO READ | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-technology/australian-scientists-finally-solve-the-covid-19-puzzle-discover-lung-protein-that-can-kill-the-virus-560549">Australian scientists FINALLY solve the COVID-19 puzzle; discover lung protein that can kill the virus</a>

“Wearing a mask may make little to no difference in how many people caught a flu-like illness/COVID-like illness (nine studies; 276,917 people); and probably makes little or no difference in how many people have flu/COVID confirmed by a laboratory test (six studies; 13,919 people)," claimed the authors as quoted by Fox News.

In the review, it was claimed that&nbsp;N95 masks, when compared to medical/surgical masks,&nbsp;did not make much difference in how many people caught the flu and did not help in reducing the number of people who caught flu-like illness or any other respiratory illness.

The authors said that they had collected the data for study during the non-epidemic flu seasons, the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009, the Covid-19 pandemic and epidemic flu seasons up to 2016, Fox News reported.

WATCH | India launches its first nasal vaccine 'iNCOVACC' against COVID-19

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had initially claimed that it is not necessary to wear face masks, however, later they appealed to people to wear masks in 2020. CDC Director Dr Robert Redfield, again in September, called the face masks the most powerful health tool after which they became mandatory across the world.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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A new study has claimed that the face masks worn by people round-the-clock to curb the spread of the Covid-19 virus did ‘little to nothing’ to stop the transmission.

A new study has claimed that the face masks worn by people round-the-clock to curb the spread of the Covid-19 virus did ‘little to nothing’ to stop the transmission. A new scientific review titled “Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses" claims that the face masks failed to play a significant role in controlling the spread of the virus. The review, which was published by Cochrane Library, included the observation of 12 researchers from around the world. The study claimed that research was conducted on the results of 78 randomised controlled trials to understand whether the physical interventions, which included hand washing and wearing face masks, restricted the spread of coronavirus. ALSO READ | Australian scientists FINALLY solve the COVID-19 puzzle; discover lung protein that can kill the virus “Wearing a mask may make little to no difference in how many people caught a flu-like illness/COVID-like illness (nine studies; 276,917 people); and probably makes little or no difference in how many people have flu/COVID confirmed by a laboratory test (six studies; 13,919 people)," claimed the authors as quoted by Fox News. In the review, it was claimed that N95 masks, when compared to medical/surgical masks, did not make much difference in how many people caught the flu and did not help in reducing the number of people who caught flu-like illness or any other respiratory illness. The authors said that they had collected the data for study during the non-epidemic flu seasons, the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009, the Covid-19 pandemic and epidemic flu seasons up to 2016, Fox News reported. WATCH | India launches its first nasal vaccine 'iNCOVACC' against COVID-19 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had initially claimed that it is not necessary to wear face masks, however, later they appealed to people to wear masks in 2020. CDC Director Dr Robert Redfield, again in September, called the face masks the most powerful health tool after which they became mandatory across the world. (With inputs from agencies) You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Most of us wore masks for three years. Now study claims it did 'little to nothing' to curb Covid-19

A new research shows that Goffin’s cockatoos can combine multiple tools to complete a complex task, a phenomenon which has only been observed only in humans and chimpanzees, so far. Scientists have found that the parrots were able to figure out how to use a set of tools, select the best one for the execution of the task, and even transport the tool together before trying to use them. Notably, tool use has been observed in a handful of other species including, orangutans, sea otters, crows, and so on, but these animals were only able to use single tools and complete simple tasks.&nbsp;

The study published on Friday (February 10) in the journal of Current Biology, also found that Goffin’s cockatoos are actually proficient at creating instruments to use them. In a series of experiments, the birds were tasked with retrieving cashew nuts from behind a clear sheet in a box by using a short, pointy stick to break open the barrier and a long, flexible straw-like tool to fish the nut out.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/with-tools-as-cutlery-wild-cockatoos-extract-seeds-from-tropical-fruit-409990">With tools as ‘cutlery’, wild cockatoos extract seeds from tropical fruit</a>

Out of the 10 cockatoos who were a part of the study, seven were able to execute the task, but it was two birds named Figaro and Fini who completed the task within 35 seconds, on their first attempt, which stunned the researchers. Furthermore, six birds were able to complete nine consecutive trials for three continuous days, successfully. Subsequently, five were moved to the second experiment where the birds were presented with a box which required either one or two tools to access a nut inside, at random.&nbsp;

Similarly, as a part of the final experiment, the five birds were again presented with one of the two boxes, at random, but this time they were placed on a platform with two tools placed on the table, which meant that the bird had to collect the tools before climbing the ladder or flying to retrieve the nut. Notably, four out of the five birds began to eventually carry the tools together which indicated that they viewed the tools as a set.&nbsp;

ALSO WATCH |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/watch-scientists-teach-cockatoos-to-play-golf-using-a-puzzle-box-453062">Scientists teach cockatoos to play 'golf' using a puzzle box</a>

In a statement, the study’s first author, Antonio Osuna-Mascaró, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, said, “With this experiment, we can say that, like chimpanzees, Goffin’s cockatoos not only appear to be to using toolsets, but they know that they are using toolsets.” He also went on to describe the birds’ flexibility of behaviour as “stunning.”

“The cockatoos had to act according to the problem; sometimes the toolset was needed, and sometimes only one tool was enough,” said Osuna-Mascaró. Meanwhile, the senior author of the study and cognitive biologist at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Alice Auersperg, also said that the researchers were not sure if the cockatoos would transport two objects together. She added, “It was a little bit of a gamble because I have seen birds combining objects playfully, but they very rarely transport more than one object together in their normal behaviour.” 
 
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A new research shows that Goffin’s cockatoos can combine multiple tools to complete a complex task, a phenomenon which has only been observed only in humans and chimpanzees, so far.

A new research shows that Goffin’s cockatoos can combine multiple tools to complete a complex task, a phenomenon which has only been observed only in humans and chimpanzees, so far. Scientists have found that the parrots were able to figure out how to use a set of tools, select the best one for the execution of the task, and even transport the tool together before trying to use them. Notably, tool use has been observed in a handful of other species including, orangutans, sea otters, crows, and so on, but these animals were only able to use single tools and complete simple tasks. The study published on Friday (February 10) in the journal of Current Biology, also found that Goffin’s cockatoos are actually proficient at creating instruments to use them. In a series of experiments, the birds were tasked with retrieving cashew nuts from behind a clear sheet in a box by using a short, pointy stick to break open the barrier and a long, flexible straw-like tool to fish the nut out. ALSO READ | With tools as ‘cutlery’, wild cockatoos extract seeds from tropical fruit Out of the 10 cockatoos who were a part of the study, seven were able to execute the task, but it was two birds named Figaro and Fini who completed the task within 35 seconds, on their first attempt, which stunned the researchers. Furthermore, six birds were able to complete nine consecutive trials for three continuous days, successfully. Subsequently, five were moved to the second experiment where the birds were presented with a box which required either one or two tools to access a nut inside, at random. Similarly, as a part of the final experiment, the five birds were again presented with one of the two boxes, at random, but this time they were placed on a platform with two tools placed on the table, which meant that the bird had to collect the tools before climbing the ladder or flying to retrieve the nut. Notably, four out of the five birds began to eventually carry the tools together which indicated that they viewed the tools as a set. ALSO WATCH | Scientists teach cockatoos to play 'golf' using a puzzle box In a statement, the study’s first author, Antonio Osuna-Mascaró, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, said, “With this experiment, we can say that, like chimpanzees, Goffin’s cockatoos not only appear to be to using toolsets, but they know that they are using toolsets.” He also went on to describe the birds’ flexibility of behaviour as “stunning.” “The cockatoos had to act according to the problem; sometimes the toolset was needed, and sometimes only one tool was enough,” said Osuna-Mascaró. Meanwhile, the senior author of the study and cognitive biologist at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Alice Auersperg, also said that the researchers were not sure if the cockatoos would transport two objects together. She added, “It was a little bit of a gamble because I have seen birds combining objects playfully, but they very rarely transport more than one object together in their normal behaviour.” WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Goffin's cockatoos join humans, chimps as only species known to use toolset to complete tasks: Study

In a study carried out on killer whales, also known as orcas, in the North Pacific, scientists found that&nbsp;mothers made a "lifelong sacrifice" for their sons.&nbsp;The chances of reproducing are significantly reduced in a female killer whale once she rears a son.&nbsp;As per the study, the amount of energy these whales spend to feed their sons compromises their health, and reduces their ability to reproduce and raise other children.&nbsp;

ALSO READ | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/absolutely-amazingbut-also-breaks-your-heart-moon-the-hunchback-whale-travels-5000kms-with-a-broken-back-542245">'Absolutely amazing...but also breaks your heart': Moon the humpback whale travels 5000kms with a broken back</a>

The University of Exeter's Prof Darren Croft said, "Mothers sacrifice their own food and their own energy."&nbsp;

Throughout their lives, orcas are believed to be closely bonded with their families. The female offsprings of killer whales become independent after they grow, however, the males remain dependent on their mothers and even share the food caught by their matriarchs.&nbsp;

Prof Croft called it a "new insight into the complex social lives and family lives of these amazing animals". The study, which was published in the journal Current Biology, falls under an ongoing project aimed at understanding the family life of killer whales.

University of Exeter and Centre for Whale Research's Dr Michael Weiss said, "Our previous research has shown that sons have a higher chance of survival if their mother is around. We wanted to find out if this help comes at a price and the answer is yes. Killer whale mothers pay a high cost in terms of their future reproduction to keep their sons alive."&nbsp;

WATCH | WION Climate Tracker | US: 30-foot Humpback whale washes up at a New Jersey shore

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The scientists, in their earlier studies, had already discovered that killer whale mothers and sons "hung out" together even after the male offspring entered adulthood.

"They'll even feed their sons salmon they catch," said Prof Croft, adding that adult female offsprings hunt independently.

"If a mother can get her son to become that big male in the population, then he's the one that will sire (much of the next generation)," Prof Croft explained.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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In a study carried out on killer whales, also known as orcas, in the North Pacific, scientists found that mothers made a "lifelong sacrifice" for their sons. The chances of reproducing are significantly reduced in a female killer whale once she rears a son.

In a study carried out on killer whales, also known as orcas, in the North Pacific, scientists found that mothers made a "lifelong sacrifice" for their sons. The chances of reproducing are significantly reduced in a female killer whale once she rears a son. As per the study, the amount of energy these whales spend to feed their sons compromises their health, and reduces their ability to reproduce and raise other children. ALSO READ | 'Absolutely amazing...but also breaks your heart': Moon the humpback whale travels 5000kms with a broken back The University of Exeter's Prof Darren Croft said, "Mothers sacrifice their own food and their own energy." Throughout their lives, orcas are believed to be closely bonded with their families. The female offsprings of killer whales become independent after they grow, however, the males remain dependent on their mothers and even share the food caught by their matriarchs. Prof Croft called it a "new insight into the complex social lives and family lives of these amazing animals". The study, which was published in the journal Current Biology, falls under an ongoing project aimed at understanding the family life of killer whales. University of Exeter and Centre for Whale Research's Dr Michael Weiss said, "Our previous research has shown that sons have a higher chance of survival if their mother is around. We wanted to find out if this help comes at a price and the answer is yes. Killer whale mothers pay a high cost in terms of their future reproduction to keep their sons alive." WATCH | WION Climate Tracker | US: 30-foot Humpback whale washes up at a New Jersey shore The scientists, in their earlier studies, had already discovered that killer whale mothers and sons "hung out" together even after the male offspring entered adulthood. "They'll even feed their sons salmon they catch," said Prof Croft, adding that adult female offsprings hunt independently. "If a mother can get her son to become that big male in the population, then he's the one that will sire (much of the next generation)," Prof Croft explained. (With inputs from agencies) You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Killer whale mothers make ‘lifelong sacrifice’ for their sons, reveals study

A new study from the Wisconsin Policy Forum shows that younger adults, specifically in the age groups of 25-54, are dying at a higher rate in the US. Much of that mortality rate comes from drug overdoses, primarily from fentanyl. Watch this to know more.

Younger adults dying at higher rates: Study

It’s long been thought that people with autism are less sensitive to pain. However, a new study from Tel Aviv, Israel has turned that assumption on its head.

People with autism feel pain more, says study

Kindness and helping others are some traits that have always been hailed as essential for a good social life. Now a study has revealed that kindness isn't just one of the good human traits, it also helps in recovery from anxiety and depression. The study was carried out by David Cregg and Jennifer Cheavens from The Ohio State University.

“Social connection is one of the ingredients of life most strongly associated with well-being. Performing acts of kindness seems to be one of the best ways to promote those connections,” Cregg said.

For the study, 122 volunteers from Ohio were studied. These people had moderate to severe symptoms of depression. They were then divided into three groups. First two groups were given the usual treatment in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) i.e. social interactions and cognitive reappraisal.&nbsp;

The third group was told to perform acts of kindness for two days per week.

An act of kindness was defined as “doing nice things for people and focusing on the needs of others” and it found that it actually helps people with depression and anxiety feel better about themselves.

All three groups were monitored for five weeks and then re-evaluated. All three groups benefitted from respective treatment plans but the one told to perform acts of kindness showed marked improvement in the&nbsp;symptoms of depression and anxiety. 
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Kindness and helping others are some traits that have always been hailed as essential for a good social life. Now a study has revealed that kindness isn't just one of the good human traits, it also helps in recovery from anxiety and depression.

Kindness and helping others are some traits that have always been hailed as essential for a good social life. Now a study has revealed that kindness isn't just one of the good human traits, it also helps in recovery from anxiety and depression. The study was carried out by David Cregg and Jennifer Cheavens from The Ohio State University. “Social connection is one of the ingredients of life most strongly associated with well-being. Performing acts of kindness seems to be one of the best ways to promote those connections,” Cregg said. For the study, 122 volunteers from Ohio were studied. These people had moderate to severe symptoms of depression. They were then divided into three groups. First two groups were given the usual treatment in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) i.e. social interactions and cognitive reappraisal. The third group was told to perform acts of kindness for two days per week. An act of kindness was defined as “doing nice things for people and focusing on the needs of others” and it found that it actually helps people with depression and anxiety feel better about themselves. All three groups were monitored for five weeks and then re-evaluated. All three groups benefitted from respective treatment plans but the one told to perform acts of kindness showed marked improvement in the symptoms of depression and anxiety. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Kindness helps to overcome anxiety and depression, says a new study

An interesting research which was published on Wednesday might have found out the reason why male Quolls, carnivorous marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea, generally do not survive after the first breeding season.&nbsp;

The research,&nbsp;though not conclusive,&nbsp;said that a sexual frenzy is a death sentence for male Quolls. The death of Quolls after the first breeding season for long puzzled researchers. They wondered for a long time why these Quolls were dropping dead.&nbsp;

The new research revealed that males are depriving themselves of rest in their relentless pursuit to mate with females. This restlessness during the breeding season and the mating frenzy could be the cause of the male deaths.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/green-comet-2023-check-date-time-and-location-know-when-and-how-to-view-the-rare-shooting-star-557606">Green Comet 2023: Check date, time and location; know when and how to view the rare shooting star</a>

The team of researchers are of the opinion that this can potentially pose a threat to the survival of their already endangered species, reported Radio France Internationale quoting the published research.&nbsp;

What did the research involve? To conduct the research, tiny backpacks with tracking devices were strapped to seven male and six female northern quolls on Groote Eylandt, an island off the coast of Australia's Northern Territory.&nbsp;

Data was fetched from the tracking devices and was analysed for further findings. The data which was collected for 42 days for both the breeding season and the non-breeding season showed that males were found to be far more active than females.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/norways-sovereign-wealth-fund-suffers-historic-losses-of-164-billion-557679">Norway's sovereign wealth fund suffers historic losses of $164 billion</a>

Though males survived only for the first breeding season, the females were able to live for up to four seasons. The level of rest taken by males and females also differed by a significant margin.&nbsp;

As per the study published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the females rested for around 24 per cent of the time, while the males took rest only for just 7 per cent.&nbsp;Joshua Gaschk of the University of the Sunshine Coast in a conversation to AFP said, "males didn't seem to be sleeping anywhere near as much as they should".

Watch | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/china-beijing-says-city-has-achieved-temporary-herd-immunity-557708">China: Beijing says city has achieved 'temporary herd immunity'</a>

It is however not conclusive whether the mating frenzy is the real reason of male deaths after the first breeding season.&nbsp;

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An interesting research which was published on Wednesday might have found out the reason why male Quolls, carnivorous marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea, generally do not survive after the first breeding season.

An interesting research which was published on Wednesday might have found out the reason why male Quolls, carnivorous marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea, generally do not survive after the first breeding season. The research, though not conclusive, said that a sexual frenzy is a death sentence for male Quolls. The death of Quolls after the first breeding season for long puzzled researchers. They wondered for a long time why these Quolls were dropping dead. The new research revealed that males are depriving themselves of rest in their relentless pursuit to mate with females. This restlessness during the breeding season and the mating frenzy could be the cause of the male deaths. Also Read | Green Comet 2023: Check date, time and location; know when and how to view the rare shooting star The team of researchers are of the opinion that this can potentially pose a threat to the survival of their already endangered species, reported Radio France Internationale quoting the published research. What did the research involve? To conduct the research, tiny backpacks with tracking devices were strapped to seven male and six female northern quolls on Groote Eylandt, an island off the coast of Australia's Northern Territory. Data was fetched from the tracking devices and was analysed for further findings. The data which was collected for 42 days for both the breeding season and the non-breeding season showed that males were found to be far more active than females. Also Read | Norway's sovereign wealth fund suffers historic losses of $164 billion Though males survived only for the first breeding season, the females were able to live for up to four seasons. The level of rest taken by males and females also differed by a significant margin. As per the study published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the females rested for around 24 per cent of the time, while the males took rest only for just 7 per cent. Joshua Gaschk of the University of the Sunshine Coast in a conversation to AFP said, "males didn't seem to be sleeping anywhere near as much as they should". Watch | China: Beijing says city has achieved 'temporary herd immunity' It is however not conclusive whether the mating frenzy is the real reason of male deaths after the first breeding season. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Mating frenzy, restlessness behind quolls deaths in Australia?

According to a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, your morning alertness level might be more under your control than you think. This study shows that three individual lifestyle factors are what actually affect your morning state of mind. Watch this video to know more.

Your alertness level in the morning isn’t genetic: Study

Amid the looming global health threat of antibiotic resistants, scientists have discovered a plant toxin&nbsp;that could be a potential candidate to create effective antibiotics with its unique way of attacking bacteria.&nbsp;In a paper recently published in the journal Nature Catalysis, a group of British, German and Polish scientists revealed that a plant toxin or a potential new antibiotic, albicidin, has a unique method of attacking bacteria in comparison to the existing antibiotic medicines.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/with-a-missile-it-would-only-take-a-minute-boris-johnson-reveals-he-got-threats-from-putin-557118">'With a missile, it would only take a minute' Boris Johnson reveals he got threats from Putin</a>

The new finding is a positive development in the healthcare field as for many years there is a consistent rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as E coli. Some of these pathogens pose a significant risk to human health.&nbsp;

By exploiting the findings of this new research, scientists now hope to find out efficient ways to deal with various kinds of bacterial diseases.&nbsp;Albicidin comes from a bacterial plant pathogen called Xanthomonas albilineans. Though this pathogen uses albicidin to attack the plant, however according to findings some decades ago it was found out that the pathogen is also highly effective at killing bacteria.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/pakistan-bypolls-for-33-vacant-national-assembly-seats-in-march-imran-to-contest-on-all-557108">Pakistan bypolls for 33 vacant National Assembly seats in March, Imran to contest on all</a>

But the roadblock for the scientists was to understand how this works. They used advanced techniques to bring to light how albicidin actually kills bacteria.

Dmitry Ghilarov, who worked with scientists at the Technische Universität Berlin in Germany and at Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland said, “now we have a structural understanding, we can create modifications of albicidin to improve its efficacy and pharmacological properties."&nbsp;

“We believe this is one of the most exciting new antibiotic candidates in many years. It has extremely high effectiveness in small concentrations and is highly potent against pathogenic bacteria – even those resistant to the widely used antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones.”

Watch | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/uk-nadhim-zahawi-sacked-as-conservative-party-chief-557134">UK: Nadhim Zahawi sacked as Conservative party chief</a>

One can only imagine the magnitude of the positive impact these kinds of studies can mean on the healthcare field. Every day 3,500 people lose their lives due to the direct result of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Only in 2019, over 1.2 million people lost their lives to these infections.&nbsp;

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Amid the looming global health threat of antibiotic resistants, scientists have discovered a plant toxin that could be a potential candidate to create effective antibiotics with its unique way of attacking bacteria.

Amid the looming global health threat of antibiotic resistants, scientists have discovered a plant toxin that could be a potential candidate to create effective antibiotics with its unique way of attacking bacteria. In a paper recently published in the journal Nature Catalysis, a group of British, German and Polish scientists revealed that a plant toxin or a potential new antibiotic, albicidin, has a unique method of attacking bacteria in comparison to the existing antibiotic medicines. Also Read | 'With a missile, it would only take a minute' Boris Johnson reveals he got threats from Putin The new finding is a positive development in the healthcare field as for many years there is a consistent rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as E coli. Some of these pathogens pose a significant risk to human health. By exploiting the findings of this new research, scientists now hope to find out efficient ways to deal with various kinds of bacterial diseases. Albicidin comes from a bacterial plant pathogen called Xanthomonas albilineans. Though this pathogen uses albicidin to attack the plant, however according to findings some decades ago it was found out that the pathogen is also highly effective at killing bacteria. Also Read | Pakistan bypolls for 33 vacant National Assembly seats in March, Imran to contest on all But the roadblock for the scientists was to understand how this works. They used advanced techniques to bring to light how albicidin actually kills bacteria. Dmitry Ghilarov, who worked with scientists at the Technische Universität Berlin in Germany and at Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland said, “now we have a structural understanding, we can create modifications of albicidin to improve its efficacy and pharmacological properties." “We believe this is one of the most exciting new antibiotic candidates in many years. It has extremely high effectiveness in small concentrations and is highly potent against pathogenic bacteria – even those resistant to the widely used antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones.” Watch | UK: Nadhim Zahawi sacked as Conservative party chief One can only imagine the magnitude of the positive impact these kinds of studies can mean on the healthcare field. Every day 3,500 people lose their lives due to the direct result of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Only in 2019, over 1.2 million people lost their lives to these infections. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

In a major breakthrough, scientists discover new plant toxin highly potent in killing bacteria

According to a new study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, the average daily time saved when working from home is 72 minutes based on data from 27 countries. Watch this to know more.

Working from home is saving commuters in Canada 65 minutes a day

A decade-long study suggests that a combination of healthy lifestyle choices may help in slowing down the rate of memory decline and can help in reducing the risk of dementia. Inculcating simple activities like eating well, regular exercise, playing cards and socialising at least twice a week can help in reducing the risk of dementia.&nbsp;

As memory is a fundamental function of daily life and as the brain is the most occupied organ of the body, it continuously declines as people age which hampers the quality of life and productivity.&nbsp;

In order to counter this or diminish the effects of dementia, evidence from a recent study has shown that a healthy lifestyle can be beneficial to keep the memory of a person intact. All the previous research in this area has been insufficient to evaluate the effect of a healthy lifestyle on the trajectory of memory, but now we can say that healthy lifestyle choices are linked with softening the speed of memory decline.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-are-dark-chocolates-really-a-healthier-choice-555382">Are dark chocolates really a healthier choice?</a>

"A combination of positive healthy behaviours is associated with a slower rate of memory decline in cognitively normal older adults", researchers from the National Centre for Neurological Disorders in Beijing, China, wrote in the BMJ.

Practising multiple healthy lifestyle choices together "was associated with a lower probability of progression to mild cognitive impairment and dementia", they added.

Researchers analysed 29,000 adults aged over 60 with normal cognitive function who were part of the China Cognition and Aging Study.

A healthy lifestyle score was calculated by combining six factors:

<ul>
	<li>A healthy diet</li>
	<li>Regular exercise</li>
	<li>Active social contact</li>
	<li>Cognitive activity</li>
	<li>Non-smoking</li>
	<li>Not drinking alcohol</li>
</ul>

Based on their score, ranging from zero to six, participants were put into lifestyle groups, favourable (four to six healthy factors), average (two to three healthy factors), or unfavourable (0 to 1 healthy factors) – and into APOE-carrier and non-carrier groups.

WATCH |&nbsp;Scientists reveal how to detect signs of Dementia 9 years before diagnosis

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The healthy lifestyle choices that can help slow down the rate of memory decline:&nbsp;

1. According to the research, a healthy diet was deemed as eating at least seven out of these 12 food groups: fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, dairy, salt, oil, eggs, cereals, legumes, nuts and tea.

2. Writing, reading, playing cards or other games at least twice a week was the second area of healthy behaviour.

3. Other areas included drinking no alcohol, exercising for more than 150 minutes a week at moderate intensity or more than 75 at a vigorous intensity, and never having smoked or been an ex-smoker.

4. Social contact at least twice a week was the sixth healthy behaviour, including activities such as visiting family and friends, attending meetings or going to parties.

After accounting for factors likely to affect the results, the researchers found that each individual healthy behaviour was associated with a slower-than-average decline in memory over 10 years.

Dr Susan Mitchell, head of policy at Alzheimer’s Research UK, said, "This is a well-conducted study, which followed people over a long period of time, and adds to the substantial evidence that a healthy lifestyle can help to support memory and thinking skills as we age."

The BMJ concluded, "People with four to six healthy behaviours or two to three were almost 90% and almost 30% respectively less likely to develop dementia or mild cognitive impairment relative to those who were the least healthy"

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A decade-long study suggests that a combination of healthy lifestyle choices may help in slowing down the rate of memory decline and can help in reducing the risk of dementia.

A decade-long study suggests that a combination of healthy lifestyle choices may help in slowing down the rate of memory decline and can help in reducing the risk of dementia. Inculcating simple activities like eating well, regular exercise, playing cards and socialising at least twice a week can help in reducing the risk of dementia. As memory is a fundamental function of daily life and as the brain is the most occupied organ of the body, it continuously declines as people age which hampers the quality of life and productivity. In order to counter this or diminish the effects of dementia, evidence from a recent study has shown that a healthy lifestyle can be beneficial to keep the memory of a person intact. All the previous research in this area has been insufficient to evaluate the effect of a healthy lifestyle on the trajectory of memory, but now we can say that healthy lifestyle choices are linked with softening the speed of memory decline. Also Read | Are dark chocolates really a healthier choice? "A combination of positive healthy behaviours is associated with a slower rate of memory decline in cognitively normal older adults", researchers from the National Centre for Neurological Disorders in Beijing, China, wrote in the BMJ. Practising multiple healthy lifestyle choices together "was associated with a lower probability of progression to mild cognitive impairment and dementia", they added. Researchers analysed 29,000 adults aged over 60 with normal cognitive function who were part of the China Cognition and Aging Study. A healthy lifestyle score was calculated by combining six factors: A healthy diet Regular exercise Active social contact Cognitive activity Non-smoking Not drinking alcohol Based on their score, ranging from zero to six, participants were put into lifestyle groups, favourable (four to six healthy factors), average (two to three healthy factors), or unfavourable (0 to 1 healthy factors) – and into APOE-carrier and non-carrier groups. WATCH | Scientists reveal how to detect signs of Dementia 9 years before diagnosis × The healthy lifestyle choices that can help slow down the rate of memory decline: 1. According to the research, a healthy diet was deemed as eating at least seven out of these 12 food groups: fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, dairy, salt, oil, eggs, cereals, legumes, nuts and tea. 2. Writing, reading, playing cards or other games at least twice a week was the second area of healthy behaviour. 3. Other areas included drinking no alcohol, exercising for more than 150 minutes a week at moderate intensity or more than 75 at a vigorous intensity, and never having smoked or been an ex-smoker. 4. Social contact at least twice a week was the sixth healthy behaviour, including activities such as visiting family and friends, attending meetings or going to parties. After accounting for factors likely to affect the results, the researchers found that each individual healthy behaviour was associated with a slower-than-average decline in memory over 10 years. Dr Susan Mitchell, head of policy at Alzheimer’s Research UK, said, "This is a well-conducted study, which followed people over a long period of time, and adds to the substantial evidence that a healthy lifestyle can help to support memory and thinking skills as we age." The BMJ concluded, "People with four to six healthy behaviours or two to three were almost 90% and almost 30% respectively less likely to develop dementia or mild cognitive impairment relative to those who were the least healthy" WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Physical exercise, social contact, cognitive activity can help reduce the risk of dementia: Study

Sea spiders can do more than you would think they are capable of. Not just limbs, the sea spiders can also regrow amputated body parts, as per a study which was released on Monday. Senior Author of the study, Gerhard Scholtz of Humboldt University in Berlin while expressing disbelief over the study said, "nobody had expected this," and added that the study is the first-of-its-kind and will propel further research in the field.&nbsp;

There has been sufficient documentation around the capability of various types of arthropods such as spiders, centipedes, and other insects to regrow limbs after amputation. However, growing a full body part is a shocker for the author of the study himself.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-stargazers-alert--rare-exotic-green-comet-to-shoot-past-earth-after-50000-years-555415">STARGAZERS ALERT ! Rare exotic green comet to shoot past earth after 50,000 years</a>

The experiments were done on tiny eight-legged sea spiders where the researchers amputated hind limbs and posterior parts of 23 immature and adult sea spiders. The researchers found different results for adult and juvenile spiders. In the adult spiders, there was no regeneration of the amputated body parts however it was not the same for juvenile spiders.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-are-dark-chocolates-really-a-healthier-choice-555382">Are dark chocolates really a healthier choice?</a>

Juvenile spiders, on the other hand, were able to regrow either completely or near-complete their amputated body parts. Among the parts which the juvenile spiders were able to regenerate are the hindgut, musculature, anus and parts of reproductive organs.

The results of the study reveal ninety per cent of the sea spiders survived long-term while 16 juvenile spiders could regenerate at least once. The posterior part of the body was regrown by 14 of the young spiders however adult specimens could not molt the body part.&nbsp;

"There's a wealth of different species that can be tested in this way," he said and explained that further understanding can be made on the cellular level and the molecular level which indicates the regeneration.&nbsp;

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He said that next step will be to discover what mechanism really works behind the successful regeneration of the amputated body parts. "Perhaps there are stem cells involved which are undifferentiated cells that can assume new shape and fate?"

"In the end, maybe the mechanisms we detect in arthropods may help medical treatments of limb loss or finger loss and so on in humans," Scholtz said. "This is always the hope."

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Sea spiders can do more than you would think they are capable of. Not just limbs, the sea spiders can also regrow amputated body parts, as per a study which was released on Monday.

Sea spiders can do more than you would think they are capable of. Not just limbs, the sea spiders can also regrow amputated body parts, as per a study which was released on Monday. Senior Author of the study, Gerhard Scholtz of Humboldt University in Berlin while expressing disbelief over the study said, "nobody had expected this," and added that the study is the first-of-its-kind and will propel further research in the field. There has been sufficient documentation around the capability of various types of arthropods such as spiders, centipedes, and other insects to regrow limbs after amputation. However, growing a full body part is a shocker for the author of the study himself. ALSO READ | STARGAZERS ALERT ! Rare exotic green comet to shoot past earth after 50,000 years The experiments were done on tiny eight-legged sea spiders where the researchers amputated hind limbs and posterior parts of 23 immature and adult sea spiders. The researchers found different results for adult and juvenile spiders. In the adult spiders, there was no regeneration of the amputated body parts however it was not the same for juvenile spiders. ALSO READ | Are dark chocolates really a healthier choice? Juvenile spiders, on the other hand, were able to regrow either completely or near-complete their amputated body parts. Among the parts which the juvenile spiders were able to regenerate are the hindgut, musculature, anus and parts of reproductive organs. The results of the study reveal ninety per cent of the sea spiders survived long-term while 16 juvenile spiders could regenerate at least once. The posterior part of the body was regrown by 14 of the young spiders however adult specimens could not molt the body part. "There's a wealth of different species that can be tested in this way," he said and explained that further understanding can be made on the cellular level and the molecular level which indicates the regeneration. WATCH | Police probes 'jealousy angle in U.S. mass shooting incident He said that next step will be to discover what mechanism really works behind the successful regeneration of the amputated body parts. "Perhaps there are stem cells involved which are undifferentiated cells that can assume new shape and fate?" "In the end, maybe the mechanisms we detect in arthropods may help medical treatments of limb loss or finger loss and so on in humans," Scholtz said. "This is always the hope." WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Wait, what?  Sea spiders can regrow not just limbs, but these amputated body parts too

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections&nbsp;constitute an increasing danger and directly cause at least 1.27 million deaths annually. This highlights the urgent need for alternative treatments. According to a new study, intractable lung infections may now be treated using genetically modified bacteria.&nbsp;To combat the danger of antibiotic resistance, research in mice shows drug-resistant illnesses might be targeted and made susceptible to antibiotics that would otherwise be ineffective.

According to studies conducted at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, the bacteria-based treatment increased the survival rate of mice by two-folds compared to applying no treatment at all. No toxicity was visible in the lungs following the administration of a single, high dosage of the medication. The immune system eliminated the modified bacteria in four days after the course of therapy was complete.

Dr Maria Lluch at the International University of Catalonia explained the treatment as a “battering ram that lays siege to antibiotic-resistant bacteria”.

“The treatment punches holes in their cell walls, providing crucial entry points for antibiotics to invade and clear infections at their source,” said Lluch. “We believe this is a promising new strategy to address the leading cause of mortality in hospitals.”&nbsp;

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which may cause intractable infections because the bacteria create biofilms, was the focus of the most recent research. These have the ability to attach to body surfaces and create solid structures that are resistant to medicines.

In the study which was published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was genetically modified to lose its capacity to spread disease and be utilised instead to manufacture toxins that would either kill or prevent the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Before beginning clinical trials, the research team intends to do more studies. They see nebulizers being used to give the treatment in the future, allowing the patient to breathe in a mist of germs. Biofilms can also grow on the surface of endotracheal tubes used by critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilators to breathe.

Up to one in four patients who need intubation are affected with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which affects around half of those who need intubation owing to severe Covid-19. Up to one patient in eight dies from ventilator-associated pneumonia.

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Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections constitute an increasing danger and directly cause at least 1.27 million deaths annually. This highlights the urgent need for alternative treatments.

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections constitute an increasing danger and directly cause at least 1.27 million deaths annually. This highlights the urgent need for alternative treatments. According to a new study, intractable lung infections may now be treated using genetically modified bacteria. To combat the danger of antibiotic resistance, research in mice shows drug-resistant illnesses might be targeted and made susceptible to antibiotics that would otherwise be ineffective. According to studies conducted at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, the bacteria-based treatment increased the survival rate of mice by two-folds compared to applying no treatment at all. No toxicity was visible in the lungs following the administration of a single, high dosage of the medication. The immune system eliminated the modified bacteria in four days after the course of therapy was complete. Dr Maria Lluch at the International University of Catalonia explained the treatment as a “battering ram that lays siege to antibiotic-resistant bacteria”. “The treatment punches holes in their cell walls, providing crucial entry points for antibiotics to invade and clear infections at their source,” said Lluch. “We believe this is a promising new strategy to address the leading cause of mortality in hospitals.” Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which may cause intractable infections because the bacteria create biofilms, was the focus of the most recent research. These have the ability to attach to body surfaces and create solid structures that are resistant to medicines. In the study which was published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was genetically modified to lose its capacity to spread disease and be utilised instead to manufacture toxins that would either kill or prevent the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Before beginning clinical trials, the research team intends to do more studies. They see nebulizers being used to give the treatment in the future, allowing the patient to breathe in a mist of germs. Biofilms can also grow on the surface of endotracheal tubes used by critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilators to breathe. Up to one in four patients who need intubation are affected with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which affects around half of those who need intubation owing to severe Covid-19. Up to one patient in eight dies from ventilator-associated pneumonia. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Genetically modified bacteria could treat lung infections, reveals study

Gardening is a wonderful, calming hobby to incorporate into our Spring-time routine. But, did you know that it can also help reduce cancer risk?

Gardening helps reduce cancer risk: Study

Around 700 million people worldwide suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is vital to find factors that might stop its start and progression since it can result in kidney failure and death. And now a study&nbsp;has found that consuming oily fish may reduce your chance of developing chronic kidney disease.&nbsp;The George Institute for Global Health and the University of New South Wales served as the principal researchers, and their findings were released in the medical journal BMJ. According to the study, eating at least two servings of oily fish-- such as mackerel, sardines, or herrings -- each week may reduce your chance of developing chronic kidney disease. It can also slow down the decline in the organ's function.&nbsp;

The study discovered a link between consuming more of the omega-3 fatty acids present in oily fish and other seafood and a lower risk of kidney issues. However, the study did not reveal any connection with higher concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids obtained from plants.

Dr Matti Marklund, a senior research fellow at the George Institute, in a conversation with Guardian over email said, “While we cannot for certain say what specific fishes had the greatest effect on CKD risk, we know that the blood levels of the fatty acids reflect their intake well." 
 
“Among the richest dietary sources of these fatty acids are fatty cold-water fish – for example, salmon, sardines, mackerel, and herrings – and to a less extent shellfish, like oysters, mussels, and crab," it added.&nbsp;

“Current dietary recommendations in most countries suggest at least two servings of fish per week, preferably oily fish, which will provide about 250mg/day of long-chain omega 3s,” said Marklund.

Researchers pooled the results of 19 studies from 12 countries&nbsp;

Up until recently, evidence from human research was limited and mostly came from dietary questionnaires. However, the latest research combined the findings of 19 studies from 12 nations and looked at connections between omega 3 fatty acid concentrations and the onset of CKD in adults. The primary analysis comprised about 25,000 individuals, ranging in age from 49 to 77.&nbsp;

When factors including age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, drinking, physical activity, heart disease, and diabetes were included, higher amounts of seafood omega 3 fatty acids were associated with an 8% lower risk of developing CKD.

Participants were divided into five groups based on how much seafood omega-3 fatty acids they consumed, and those in the highest group had a 13% reduced chance of developing CKD than those in the lowest group. The researchers emphasised that since their results were observational, they could not conclusively show that increasing your intake of seafood reduces your chance of developing chronic kidney disease.

&nbsp;

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Around 700 million people worldwide suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is vital to find factors that might stop its start and progression since it can result in kidney failure and death.

Around 700 million people worldwide suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is vital to find factors that might stop its start and progression since it can result in kidney failure and death. And now a study has found that consuming oily fish may reduce your chance of developing chronic kidney disease. The George Institute for Global Health and the University of New South Wales served as the principal researchers, and their findings were released in the medical journal BMJ. According to the study, eating at least two servings of oily fish-- such as mackerel, sardines, or herrings -- each week may reduce your chance of developing chronic kidney disease. It can also slow down the decline in the organ's function. The study discovered a link between consuming more of the omega-3 fatty acids present in oily fish and other seafood and a lower risk of kidney issues. However, the study did not reveal any connection with higher concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids obtained from plants. Dr Matti Marklund, a senior research fellow at the George Institute, in a conversation with Guardian over email said, “While we cannot for certain say what specific fishes had the greatest effect on CKD risk, we know that the blood levels of the fatty acids reflect their intake well." “Among the richest dietary sources of these fatty acids are fatty cold-water fish – for example, salmon, sardines, mackerel, and herrings – and to a less extent shellfish, like oysters, mussels, and crab," it added. “Current dietary recommendations in most countries suggest at least two servings of fish per week, preferably oily fish, which will provide about 250mg/day of long-chain omega 3s,” said Marklund. Researchers pooled the results of 19 studies from 12 countries Up until recently, evidence from human research was limited and mostly came from dietary questionnaires. However, the latest research combined the findings of 19 studies from 12 nations and looked at connections between omega 3 fatty acid concentrations and the onset of CKD in adults. The primary analysis comprised about 25,000 individuals, ranging in age from 49 to 77. When factors including age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, drinking, physical activity, heart disease, and diabetes were included, higher amounts of seafood omega 3 fatty acids were associated with an 8% lower risk of developing CKD. Participants were divided into five groups based on how much seafood omega-3 fatty acids they consumed, and those in the highest group had a 13% reduced chance of developing CKD than those in the lowest group. The researchers emphasised that since their results were observational, they could not conclusively show that increasing your intake of seafood reduces your chance of developing chronic kidney disease. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Eating at least two portions of oily fish a week can reduce risk of chronic kidney disease: Study

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