The presence of water vapours in a distant star system: This report tells you more about the James Webb Space Telescope and how significant this discovery is take a look the universe is full of mysteries.

Discovery points to environments capable of supporting

NASA is set to launch a next-generation space observatory in a few years and with that, the space agency's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will expand its search for rogue planets and exoplanets. 
 
The telescope, which is likely to lift off between October 2026 and May 2027, will have the potential to spot 400 such rogue planets which are likely to have size similar to the mass of the Earth, as per the new research. 
 
It is not known whether these planets will have any other similarities with Earth except their mass. Once the scientists get an understanding of these rogue planets, it could more light on the evolution, formation, and disruption of planetary systems. 
 
The name of the telescope has been kept in honour of Nancy Grace Roman, NASA’s first chief of astronomy and “mother of the Hubble Space Telescope.”

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-joins-hands-with-lockheed-martin-to-develop-nuclear-powered-rocket-619857">NASA &amp; Lockheed Martin join hands to send humanity to Mars on a nuclear-powered rocket</a>

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland Senior Research scientist and co-author of two papers David Bennett said, “We estimate that our galaxy is home to 20 times more rogue planets than stars – trillions of worlds wandering alone.” 
 
“This is the first measurement of the number of rogue planets in the galaxy that is sensitive to planets less massive than Earth,” he added. 
 
The findings of the team stem from a nine-year survey called MOA (Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics) which has been conducted at the Mount John University Observatory in New Zealand. 
 
“Microlensing is the only way we can find objects like low-mass free-floating planets and even primordial black holes,” stated Takahiro Sumi, Osaka University's professor, and lead author of the paper. “It’s very exciting to use gravity to discover objects we could never hope to see directly,” he added.

<h2>Pint-sized planets</h2>

NASA, in a few decades, has discovered the worlds in our solar system as well as the 5,300 planets outside our solar system. A majority of these newfound worlds are either extremely close to their host star or huge in size, or both.

WATCH |&nbsp;Nasa is 'going nuclear' with its new rocket to Mars and beyond

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The results achieved by the team, meanwhile, suggested that rogue planets are generally on the petite side. “We found that Earth-size rogues are more common than more massive ones,” said Sumi said. “The difference in star-bound and free-floating planets’ average masses holds a key to understanding planetary formation mechanisms,” he added.

<h2>Hunt for hidden worlds</h2>

Roman telescope, once launched in May 2027, will reveal solitary planets through microlensing which is extraordinarily rare. 
 
“Roman will be sensitive to even lower-mass rogue planets since it will observe from space,” stated Naoki Koshimoto, who led the paper. “The combination of Roman’s wide view and sharp vision will allow us to study the objects it finds in more detail than we can do using only ground-based telescopes, which is a thrilling prospect,” he added.

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NASA is set to launch a next-generation space observatory in a few years and with that, the space agency's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will expand its search for rogue planets and exoplanets.

NASA is set to launch a next-generation space observatory in a few years and with that, the space agency's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will expand its search for rogue planets and exoplanets. The telescope, which is likely to lift off between October 2026 and May 2027, will have the potential to spot 400 such rogue planets which are likely to have size similar to the mass of the Earth, as per the new research. It is not known whether these planets will have any other similarities with Earth except their mass. Once the scientists get an understanding of these rogue planets, it could more light on the evolution, formation, and disruption of planetary systems. The name of the telescope has been kept in honour of Nancy Grace Roman, NASA’s first chief of astronomy and “mother of the Hubble Space Telescope.” ALSO READ | NASA & Lockheed Martin join hands to send humanity to Mars on a nuclear-powered rocket NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland Senior Research scientist and co-author of two papers David Bennett said, “We estimate that our galaxy is home to 20 times more rogue planets than stars – trillions of worlds wandering alone.” “This is the first measurement of the number of rogue planets in the galaxy that is sensitive to planets less massive than Earth,” he added. The findings of the team stem from a nine-year survey called MOA (Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics) which has been conducted at the Mount John University Observatory in New Zealand. “Microlensing is the only way we can find objects like low-mass free-floating planets and even primordial black holes,” stated Takahiro Sumi, Osaka University's professor, and lead author of the paper. “It’s very exciting to use gravity to discover objects we could never hope to see directly,” he added. Pint-sized planets NASA, in a few decades, has discovered the worlds in our solar system as well as the 5,300 planets outside our solar system. A majority of these newfound worlds are either extremely close to their host star or huge in size, or both. WATCH | Nasa is 'going nuclear' with its new rocket to Mars and beyond The results achieved by the team, meanwhile, suggested that rogue planets are generally on the petite side. “We found that Earth-size rogues are more common than more massive ones,” said Sumi said. “The difference in star-bound and free-floating planets’ average masses holds a key to understanding planetary formation mechanisms,” he added. Hunt for hidden worlds Roman telescope, once launched in May 2027, will reveal solitary planets through microlensing which is extraordinarily rare. “Roman will be sensitive to even lower-mass rogue planets since it will observe from space,” stated Naoki Koshimoto, who led the paper. “The combination of Roman’s wide view and sharp vision will allow us to study the objects it finds in more detail than we can do using only ground-based telescopes, which is a thrilling prospect,” he added. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

NASA's new telescope likely to spot 400 Earth-size rogue planets, reveals study

In a historic event, Aeolus, a British-built weather monitoring satellite, has been deftly guided to perform an assisted crash into the Atlantic Ocean, marking the first time a defunct satellite has undergone such a controlled re-entry on Earth.

Mission controllers at the European Space Agency (ESA) successfully directed Aeolus, which had been providing crucial weather data to European centres&nbsp;since 2018, to its final resting place.

This deliberate re-entry was undertaken to minimise the risk of debris striking populated areas and to set a precedent for responsible satellite disposal in the future, reported the Guardian.

<h2>ESA's pioneering effort</h2>

Aeolus, responsible for revolutionising wind profiling, was never designed for a controlled re-entry at the conclusion of its mission.

Nonetheless, ESA opted to utilise the remaining fuel onboard to steer the satellite towards a specific crash site in the ocean.

This groundbreaking re-entry manoeuvre marked the first-ever attempt of its kind, demonstrating ESA's commitment to responsible space debris management.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-joins-hands-with-lockheed-martin-to-develop-nuclear-powered-rocket-619857">NASA &amp; Lockheed Martin join hands to send humanity to Mars on a nuclear-powered rocket</a>

<h2>Minimising debris risks and gaining insights&nbsp;</h2>

Normally, a satellite like Aeolus would naturally re-enter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up during the process.

By intentionally crashing it into the ocean, ESA aimed to further reduce the already minimal risk of debris striking people or property on the ground.

Additionally, the agency sought to gather valuable data for future satellite re-entries, paving the way for best practices that other spacefaring nations and organisations can adopt.

<h2>Aeolus: A weather monitoring pioneer</h2>

Weighing 1,360kg upon launch, Aeolus was constructed by Airbus Defence and Space in Stevenage, Hertfordshire. Its launch in August 2018 marked a significant milestone as it became the first spacecraft capable of monitoring Earth's wind currents from space. Equipped with an advanced Doppler wind lidar, the satellite contributed to improving weather forecasts and climate models during its operational period.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/rise-of-ultrafast-air-travel-nasas-supersonic-x-59-and-suborbital-rockets-lead-the-way-619405">Ultrafast air travel soon? NASA's supersonic X-59 and suborbital rockets lead the way</a>

<h2>Extended mission success</h2>

Originally planned for a three-year lifespan, Aeolus surpassed expectations by continuing its mission for nearly two additional years. However, on June 19, the spacecraft commenced its gradual descent from its operational altitude, culminating in its first major re-entry manoeuvring on Monday.

Annually, approximately 100 tonnes of space debris in the form of spent satellites, rocket bodies, and other fragments descend into Earth's atmosphere. Responsible satellite disposal, as demonstrated by the Aeolus mission, is vital to mitigate the potential risks posed by such debris to both human populations and space infrastructure.

The controlled re-entry of the Aeolus weather monitoring satellite into the Atlantic Ocean marks a historic achievement in responsible space debris management. ESA's pioneering effort sets a precedent for other spacefaring nations and organisations to follow suit, ensuring safer skies and a sustainable future for space exploration.

&nbsp;

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In a historic event, Aeolus, a British-built weather monitoring satellite, has been deftly guided to perform an assisted crash into the Atlantic Ocean, marking the first time a defunct satellite has undergone such a controlled re-entry on Earth.

In a historic event, Aeolus, a British-built weather monitoring satellite, has been deftly guided to perform an assisted crash into the Atlantic Ocean, marking the first time a defunct satellite has undergone such a controlled re-entry on Earth. Mission controllers at the European Space Agency (ESA) successfully directed Aeolus, which had been providing crucial weather data to European centres since 2018, to its final resting place. This deliberate re-entry was undertaken to minimise the risk of debris striking populated areas and to set a precedent for responsible satellite disposal in the future, reported the Guardian. ESA's pioneering effort Aeolus, responsible for revolutionising wind profiling, was never designed for a controlled re-entry at the conclusion of its mission. Nonetheless, ESA opted to utilise the remaining fuel onboard to steer the satellite towards a specific crash site in the ocean. This groundbreaking re-entry manoeuvre marked the first-ever attempt of its kind, demonstrating ESA's commitment to responsible space debris management. Also read | NASA & Lockheed Martin join hands to send humanity to Mars on a nuclear-powered rocket Minimising debris risks and gaining insights Normally, a satellite like Aeolus would naturally re-enter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up during the process. By intentionally crashing it into the ocean, ESA aimed to further reduce the already minimal risk of debris striking people or property on the ground. Additionally, the agency sought to gather valuable data for future satellite re-entries, paving the way for best practices that other spacefaring nations and organisations can adopt. Aeolus: A weather monitoring pioneer Weighing 1,360kg upon launch, Aeolus was constructed by Airbus Defence and Space in Stevenage, Hertfordshire. Its launch in August 2018 marked a significant milestone as it became the first spacecraft capable of monitoring Earth's wind currents from space. Equipped with an advanced Doppler wind lidar, the satellite contributed to improving weather forecasts and climate models during its operational period. Also read | Ultrafast air travel soon? NASA's supersonic X-59 and suborbital rockets lead the way Extended mission success Originally planned for a three-year lifespan, Aeolus surpassed expectations by continuing its mission for nearly two additional years. However, on June 19, the spacecraft commenced its gradual descent from its operational altitude, culminating in its first major re-entry manoeuvring on Monday. Annually, approximately 100 tonnes of space debris in the form of spent satellites, rocket bodies, and other fragments descend into Earth's atmosphere. Responsible satellite disposal, as demonstrated by the Aeolus mission, is vital to mitigate the potential risks posed by such debris to both human populations and space infrastructure. The controlled re-entry of the Aeolus weather monitoring satellite into the Atlantic Ocean marks a historic achievement in responsible space debris management. ESA's pioneering effort sets a precedent for other spacefaring nations and organisations to follow suit, ensuring safer skies and a sustainable future for space exploration. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

World's first: Defunct British weather satellite safely guided to assisted crash in the Atlantic

India just took one step more towards its dream of sending humans to space. The gaganyaan mission, literally meaning space journey, recently conducted a successful engine test.

ISRO tests engine of Gaganyaan spacecraft that will carry Indian astronauts to space

Chandrayaan-3 is heading steadily towards the moon. The spacecraft reached its highest intended orbit around the Earth. Where it will remain for another few days before embarking on its journey towards the Moon. ISRO successfully completed the fifth & final orbit-raising manoeuvre of the Chandrayaan-3 mission.

Chandrayaan-3: What is TransLunar Injection (TLI) as ISRO performs final orbit-raising manoeuvre?

Elon Musk's SpaceX is in big trouble again. Reportedly, the Falcon 9 rocket launched by SpaceX made a temporary hole in Earth's ionosphere. Falcon 9 is a reusable two-stage rocket designed for the transportation of payloads & people into Earth's orbit. SpaceX claims it to be the world's first orbital-class reusable rocket.

Elon Musk's SpaceX rocket punches hole in Ionosphere: Report

Chandryaan-3 is on its way to the Moon. All eyes are set on its soft-landing on lunar surface. India is all set to revisit the moon after four years. India is attempting what only by far three nations have accomplished. ISRO is once again attempting soft-landing on the moo

Chandrayaan-3: What makes soft-land on the moon such a difficult task?

Galaxies have always been characterised by dark matter. Dark matter is the mysterious stuff that fills the universe. Over 80% of matter in the universe is made up of material scientists have never seen. But wait! There is a galaxy out there that is devoid of any dark matter. A distant galaxy has baffled astronomers.

A galaxy without dark matter? The discovery leaves scientists baffled

The European Space Agency's (ESA) Aeolus wind satellite, after exceeding its planned life in orbit, is making its way back to Earth. The satellite, which has been orbiting our planet for nearly five years, is currently falling at a rate of around 1 km per day, with its descent accelerating.

Aeolus' Epic Fall: European satellite being made to crash intentionally on Earth

The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) has successfully executed the fourth orbit-raising maneuver of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft. This significant development was announced by ISRO on Thursday, marking a crucial step in India's ambitious lunar mission.

Chandrayaan-3: Isro aces 4th orbit raising maneuver, spacecraft one step closer to Moon

Scientists are stumped after a giant metal cylinder washed up on greenhead beach in Western Australia.

Mysterious object found on Australia's beach: Sparks speculations

India aims to explore the universe. With the successful launch of Chandrayaan-3. ISRO is set to carry out another mission 'GAGANYAAN'. Gaganyaan is India's first manned mission to the space.

After the launch of Chandrayaan-3, ISRO set to conduct another mission for Gaganyaan

A new way has been discovered by scientists to tune in to the symphony of the cosmos. These harmonies, which are created by the planets in their orbits, have been theorised by the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras. 
 
Scientists have used a technique known as sonification, which can translate data into sound, to assign musical notes to points of light which are present in the images captured by space telescopes, and making it possible for humans to experience the cosmos with our eyes as well as ears. 
 
According to the experts, sonification will particularly help those with impaired vision as they will be able to appreciate the strange beauty of nebulae and galaxies in the universe.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/martian-perspective-mars-express-celebrates-20th-anniversary-with-mysterious-space-pics-check-them-out-616493">Martian perspective: Mars Express celebrates 20th anniversary with mysterious space pics. Check them out!</a>

A team at the Harvard-based Chandra X-Ray Observatory, while using the X-ray and visual imagery captured by the space telescopes and NASA infrared, launched a programme for turning astronomical data into sound during the pandemic.

<h2>Embedded musical notes, intriguing soundscapes</h2>

The team has been focused on printing and 3D modelling to produce tactile versions of space images for visually impaired and blind people. Since sonification is completely digital, it turned out to be a good way for keeping the project ongoing even during remote working. 
 
A series of intriguing soundscapes have been created by the sonification process. Musicians and scientists have embedded musical notes in the images whose pitch can be tuned as per the light's wavelength or the volume which can reflect its brightness. The sound is then produced by a digital image scan. 
 
One of the most stunning sonifications carried out is of the near-infrared image of gas clouds which looks like “Cosmic Cliffs” in the Carina Nebula. NASA’s James Webb Telescope captured it in the southern constellation of Carina (the Keel), which as per estimates is 7,500 light-years from Earth.

WATCH |&nbsp;India's gateway to outer space at Satish Dhawan Space Centre

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Carina is one of the most unstable regions of the universe where stars die and take birth regularly. The sonification follows the “mountain range” in the image in gentle notes while using wind instruments, however, the brightest stars cause clangs and crashes from cymbals. 
 
The images being used by scientists in sonification are the creation of scientific processes. The X-ray or infrared data cannot be seen by the human eye so it is routinely converted by scientists into space images through digital process.&nbsp;

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A new way has been discovered by scientists to tune in to the symphony of the cosmos. These harmonies, which are created by the planets in their orbits, have been theorised by the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras.

A new way has been discovered by scientists to tune in to the symphony of the cosmos. These harmonies, which are created by the planets in their orbits, have been theorised by the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras. Scientists have used a technique known as sonification, which can translate data into sound, to assign musical notes to points of light which are present in the images captured by space telescopes, and making it possible for humans to experience the cosmos with our eyes as well as ears. According to the experts, sonification will particularly help those with impaired vision as they will be able to appreciate the strange beauty of nebulae and galaxies in the universe. ALSO READ | Martian perspective: Mars Express celebrates 20th anniversary with mysterious space pics. Check them out! A team at the Harvard-based Chandra X-Ray Observatory, while using the X-ray and visual imagery captured by the space telescopes and NASA infrared, launched a programme for turning astronomical data into sound during the pandemic. Embedded musical notes, intriguing soundscapes The team has been focused on printing and 3D modelling to produce tactile versions of space images for visually impaired and blind people. Since sonification is completely digital, it turned out to be a good way for keeping the project ongoing even during remote working. A series of intriguing soundscapes have been created by the sonification process. Musicians and scientists have embedded musical notes in the images whose pitch can be tuned as per the light's wavelength or the volume which can reflect its brightness. The sound is then produced by a digital image scan. One of the most stunning sonifications carried out is of the near-infrared image of gas clouds which looks like “Cosmic Cliffs” in the Carina Nebula. NASA’s James Webb Telescope captured it in the southern constellation of Carina (the Keel), which as per estimates is 7,500 light-years from Earth. WATCH | India's gateway to outer space at Satish Dhawan Space Centre Carina is one of the most unstable regions of the universe where stars die and take birth regularly. The sonification follows the “mountain range” in the image in gentle notes while using wind instruments, however, the brightest stars cause clangs and crashes from cymbals. The images being used by scientists in sonification are the creation of scientific processes. The X-ray or infrared data cannot be seen by the human eye so it is routinely converted by scientists into space images through digital process. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Symphony of stars: NASA captures sound of space with the help of sonification

In a remarkable display of science and engineering, the Mars Express orbiter has clicked remarkable pictures across a gulf of some 300 million kilometres. At first glance, the view might not look like much, just a fuzzy, out-of-focus image. But, it is the Earth and the Moon captured from a distance of roughly 186.4 million miles and a reminder of our collective duty to preserve the "pale blue dot."

<h2>A blob and another blob</h2>

The sequence of four images showcases a fuzzy grey scene with a white blob representing the Sun and a fainter, smaller blob depicting Earth and the Moon as they move across the sky.

These images, as per Science Alert, were captured by the super-resolution channel of Mars Express's High-Resolution Stereo Camera on 15, 21, and 27 May, and 2 June 2023 and were taken to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Mars Express.

Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/hubble-telescope-captures-spiral-galaxy-right-after-supernova-explosion-616311">Hubble telescope captures spiral galaxy right after Supernova explosion</a>

Evoking the iconic "Pale Blue Dot" image captured by Voyager 1 in 1990, the significance of these snapshots goes beyond their visual appeal.

<h2>The significance of these images</h2>

Astronomer Jorge Hernández Bernal of the University of the Basque Country and Sorbonne University emphasised the relevance of these images in the context of the worsening climate and ecological crisis. He said that they "wanted to bring Carl Sagan's reflections back to the present day, in which the worsening climate and ecological crisis make them more valid than ever."

"In these simple snapshots from Mars Express, Earth has the equivalent size as an ant seen from a distance of 100 metres, and we are all in there. Even though we have seen images like these before, it is still humbling to pause and think: we need to look after the pale blue dot, there is no planet B."

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
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You’re on <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Mars</a>, looking back home to <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Earth?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Earth</a>. How do you feel? 
 
These simple images of the Moon orbiting Earth by <a href="https://twitter.com/esa?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@esa</a> Mars Express might be similar to what you’d see through binoculars as a human traveller to Mars 
 
🔗<a href="https://t.co/74Hkwenp0e">https://t.co/74Hkwenp0e</a> <a href="https://t.co/fRhTdKXfLF">pic.twitter.com/fRhTdKXfLF</a>
— ESA Science (@esascience) <a href="https://twitter.com/esascience/status/1679054874971893760?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 12, 2023</a></blockquote>
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As per the Mars Express team, while these images hold no scientific value, they seized the opportunity to capture these snapshots.

<h2>"That's home. That's us": Carl Sagan</h2>

In his 1994 book 'Pale Blue Dot', talking about an image of Earth captured by Voyager 1 in 1990, Sagan wrote "That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives."

"The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilisation, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every 'superstar,' every 'supreme leader,' every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam."

(With inputs from agencies)

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In a remarkable display of science and engineering, the Mars Express orbiter has clicked remarkable pictures across a gulf of some 300 million kilometres. At first glance, the view might not look like much, just a fuzzy, out-of-focus image.

In a remarkable display of science and engineering, the Mars Express orbiter has clicked remarkable pictures across a gulf of some 300 million kilometres. At first glance, the view might not look like much, just a fuzzy, out-of-focus image. But, it is the Earth and the Moon captured from a distance of roughly 186.4 million miles and a reminder of our collective duty to preserve the "pale blue dot." A blob and another blob The sequence of four images showcases a fuzzy grey scene with a white blob representing the Sun and a fainter, smaller blob depicting Earth and the Moon as they move across the sky. These images, as per Science Alert, were captured by the super-resolution channel of Mars Express's High-Resolution Stereo Camera on 15, 21, and 27 May, and 2 June 2023 and were taken to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Mars Express. Also read | Hubble telescope captures spiral galaxy right after Supernova explosion Evoking the iconic "Pale Blue Dot" image captured by Voyager 1 in 1990, the significance of these snapshots goes beyond their visual appeal. The significance of these images Astronomer Jorge Hernández Bernal of the University of the Basque Country and Sorbonne University emphasised the relevance of these images in the context of the worsening climate and ecological crisis. He said that they "wanted to bring Carl Sagan's reflections back to the present day, in which the worsening climate and ecological crisis make them more valid than ever." "In these simple snapshots from Mars Express, Earth has the equivalent size as an ant seen from a distance of 100 metres, and we are all in there. Even though we have seen images like these before, it is still humbling to pause and think: we need to look after the pale blue dot, there is no planet B." You’re on #Mars, looking back home to #Earth. How do you feel? These simple images of the Moon orbiting Earth by @esa Mars Express might be similar to what you’d see through binoculars as a human traveller to Mars 🔗https://t.co/74Hkwenp0e pic.twitter.com/fRhTdKXfLF — ESA Science (@esascience) July 12, 2023 × Also read | Watch | Spectacular video of Chandrayaan-3 lift-off recorded from plane goes viral As per the Mars Express team, while these images hold no scientific value, they seized the opportunity to capture these snapshots. "That's home. That's us": Carl Sagan In his 1994 book 'Pale Blue Dot', talking about an image of Earth captured by Voyager 1 in 1990, Sagan wrote "That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives." "The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilisation, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every 'superstar,' every 'supreme leader,' every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam." (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Martian perspective: Mars Express celebrates 20th anniversary with mysterious space pics. Check them out!

A remarkable spot in India's space history, Sriharikota is where the country launches its rockets into space. However, Sriharikota is also a place of contrasts.

Know more about ISRO launch in this exclusive report from Satish Dhawan Space Centre

The Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3, successfully took off amid loud cheers from the second launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. ISRO Satellite Centre Director M.Sankaran spoke to WION's Sidharth.M.P more on this.

Exclusive: ISRO Satellite Centre Director M.Sankaran speaks to WION

The Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3, successfully took off amid loud cheers from the second launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. WION's Senior Correspondent spoke to the Director of India's Spaceport Satish Dhawan Space Centre A Rajarajan more on this.

Director of India's Spaceport, A Rajarajan speaks to WION

The Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3, successfully took off amid loud cheers from the second launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. For more insights into the post-launch tracking and maneuvers of Chandrayaan-3, WION's Senior Correspondent SIdharth M.P. spoke to ISRO Chairman, Dr. Somanath.

'India's Chandrayaan-3 would require 6 weeks to reach the moon': ISRO Chairman, Dr. Somanath

Scientists have proposed a reset of the lunar clock after re-evaluating impact craters on the moon's surface, indicating that certain features, such as the iconic "Man in the Moon" formation, could be 200 million years older than previously believed.

<h2>How would this clock reset impact everything we know about the moon?</h2>

As per a report in Space.com, the new dating system has implications on humanity’s understanding of the evolution of the lunar surface. It will also shed light on the early history of the solar system, that is characterised by heavenly bodies like the moon and Earth being subjected to intense bombardment by space rocks.

The research involved a reassessment of two methods of dating the lunar surface: counting the number of impact craters caused by space rocks and analysing moon rocks collected by the Apollo missions.

While traditionally, these methods have yielded different results, particularly for the ages of heavily cratered and mountainous lunar highlands, to “reconcile” the differences, the researchers correlated individually dated Apollo samples with the number of craters in their respective areas.

Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/crispr-gene-editing-offers-promising-solution-to-reduce-environmental-impact-of-paper-industry-report-615749">CRISPR gene editing offers promising solution to reduce environmental impact of paper industry: Report</a>

Professor Stephanie Werner of the University of Oslo explained their methodology during a talk at the Goldschmidt Geochemistry Conference in Lyon.

As per Werney, "It was decided that we had to reconcile these differences, and that meant correlating individually dated Apollo samples to the number of craters in the sample site surrounding area — in effect, resetting the crater clock."

"We also correlated them against spectroscopy data from various moon missions, especially the Indian Chandrayaan-1, to be sure which Apollo sample belongs to the surface in which we counted craters," she added.

The study was presented at the Goldschmidt Conference in Lyon, France, and has been accepted for publication in the Planetary Science Journal.

<h2>What will be affected by this clock reset?</h2>

As per the team, this reset will not change the estimate of the moon’s age — around 4.53 billion years. However, it does change the age of all the areas of the lunar surface, and not in a uniform manner. This will mean that the older regions experience the most significant shifts in age.

For instance, the Imbrium Basin, created by a massive asteroid impact, was previously estimated to be around 3.9 billion years old. The revised dating places the impact and the basin's formation approximately 4.1 billion years ago.

Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chandrayaan-3-launch-isro-chief-says-if-all-goes-well-lunar-landing-on-august-23-615106">Chandrayaan-3 launch: ISRO chief says if all goes well, lunar landing on August 23</a>

"This is an important difference. It allows us to push back in time an intense period of bombardment from space, which we now know took place before extensive volcanic activity that formed the 'Man in the moon' patterns — the mare volcanic plains, including Mare Imbrium," said Werner.

"As this happened on the moon, the Earth was almost certain to have also suffered this earlier bombardment too."

However, unlike Moon, the Earth, has a masked impact record due to geological processes like tectonic plate movement.

Thankfully, the moon's geologically inactive nature has preserved the record of impacts on its surface, which makes it an invaluable source for studying the effects of space rock bombardment minus the influence of geological churning.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

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Scientists have proposed a reset of the lunar clock after re-evaluating impact craters on the moon's surface, indicating that certain features, such as the iconic "Man in the Moon" formation, could be 200 million years older than previously believed.

Scientists have proposed a reset of the lunar clock after re-evaluating impact craters on the moon's surface, indicating that certain features, such as the iconic "Man in the Moon" formation, could be 200 million years older than previously believed. How would this clock reset impact everything we know about the moon? As per a report in Space.com, the new dating system has implications on humanity’s understanding of the evolution of the lunar surface. It will also shed light on the early history of the solar system, that is characterised by heavenly bodies like the moon and Earth being subjected to intense bombardment by space rocks. The research involved a reassessment of two methods of dating the lunar surface: counting the number of impact craters caused by space rocks and analysing moon rocks collected by the Apollo missions. While traditionally, these methods have yielded different results, particularly for the ages of heavily cratered and mountainous lunar highlands, to “reconcile” the differences, the researchers correlated individually dated Apollo samples with the number of craters in their respective areas. Also read | CRISPR gene editing offers promising solution to reduce environmental impact of paper industry: Report Professor Stephanie Werner of the University of Oslo explained their methodology during a talk at the Goldschmidt Geochemistry Conference in Lyon. As per Werney, "It was decided that we had to reconcile these differences, and that meant correlating individually dated Apollo samples to the number of craters in the sample site surrounding area — in effect, resetting the crater clock." "We also correlated them against spectroscopy data from various moon missions, especially the Indian Chandrayaan-1, to be sure which Apollo sample belongs to the surface in which we counted craters," she added. The study was presented at the Goldschmidt Conference in Lyon, France, and has been accepted for publication in the Planetary Science Journal. What will be affected by this clock reset? As per the team, this reset will not change the estimate of the moon’s age — around 4.53 billion years. However, it does change the age of all the areas of the lunar surface, and not in a uniform manner. This will mean that the older regions experience the most significant shifts in age. For instance, the Imbrium Basin, created by a massive asteroid impact, was previously estimated to be around 3.9 billion years old. The revised dating places the impact and the basin's formation approximately 4.1 billion years ago. Also read | Chandrayaan-3 launch: ISRO chief says if all goes well, lunar landing on August 23 "This is an important difference. It allows us to push back in time an intense period of bombardment from space, which we now know took place before extensive volcanic activity that formed the 'Man in the moon' patterns — the mare volcanic plains, including Mare Imbrium," said Werner. "As this happened on the moon, the Earth was almost certain to have also suffered this earlier bombardment too." However, unlike Moon, the Earth, has a masked impact record due to geological processes like tectonic plate movement. Thankfully, the moon's geologically inactive nature has preserved the record of impacts on its surface, which makes it an invaluable source for studying the effects of space rock bombardment minus the influence of geological churning. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Lunar clock reset: 'Man in the Moon' could be 200 million years older than previously thought

India shoots for the moon with historic Chandrayaan-3 mission. Chandrayaan-3 prepares for launch in Sriharikota, India on July 14, 2023. India is bidding to become only the fourth country to execute a controlled landing on the moon with the launch Friday of its Chandrayaan-3 mission.

India shoots for the moon with historic Chandrayaan-3 mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3, successfully took off amid loud cheers from the second launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

Chandrayaan-3 blasts off from spaceport in southern Indian state

Chandrayaan-3 Launch: Countdown to ISRO’s third moon mission begins

The race to the moon is heating up India is gearing up to make history it's lunar aircraft Chandrayaan 3 is all set for launch.

Chandrayaan-3 launch: Countdown begins for India’s 3rd moon mission from Sriharikota

Chinese officials unveiled new information about their manned lunar mission plan on Wednesday, as China take steps to emerge as the second nation to put citizens on the moon.

China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) deputy chief engineer Zhang Hailian disclosed the preliminary plan during an aerospace summit held in the city of Wuhan on Wednesday, as per state-run news agency Xinhua.

The mission, which is likely to happen before 2030, is part of the project aimed at establishing a lunar research station. Zhang said that the mission will be investigating what is the best way to build the facility and continue further moon exploration tasks and other experiments.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/supermoon-to-be-14000-miles-closer-to-earth-compared-to-a-full-moon-in-july-611176">Supermoon to be 14,000 miles closer to Earth in July compared to full moon</a>

A moon surface lander and manned spacecraft will be sent by two launch vehicles into lunar orbit, before they dock with each other, as per state-run Global Times. After the spacecraft docks, the Chinese astronauts on board the spacecraft will go into the lander which they will use to descend on the surface of the moon.&nbsp;

<h2>Scientific exploration on moon&nbsp;</h2>

While staying on the moon, the astronauts will collect samples and conduct “scientific exploration,” before they go back on lander and reunite&nbsp;with the spacecraft waiting in orbit which will fly them back to Earth, reported Global Times.

Chinese researchers, to prepare for the mission, are busy creating all the necessary equipment like manned lunar rovers, moon landers, moon suits and manned spaceships, Xinhua reported.

The state media reports did not mention how many astronauts China has been planning to send on the mission.&nbsp;

This lunar mission is the latest development in China's efforts to advance the country's space programme, which has gone through several breakthrough moments in the last few years.

WATCH |&nbsp;Gravitas: Chandrayaan-3 all set for launch | Will India make history?

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China had already been late in the space race - as it failed to send its first satellite into orbit till 1970. By that time, the United States had already succeeded in landing an astronaut on the moon.&nbsp;

In 2013, China was successful in landing a rover on the moon and emerged as the third country to do so. At that time, Chinese President Xi Jinping said, “The space dream is part of the dream to make China stronger.”

Under the leadership of Xi, billions have been spent by China on its ambitious space programme. In 2019, a rover was sent by China to the far side of the moon, which was a historic first.&nbsp;

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Chinese officials unveiled new information about their manned lunar mission plan on Wednesday, as China take steps to emerge as the second nation to put citizens on the moon.

Chinese officials unveiled new information about their manned lunar mission plan on Wednesday, as China take steps to emerge as the second nation to put citizens on the moon. China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) deputy chief engineer Zhang Hailian disclosed the preliminary plan during an aerospace summit held in the city of Wuhan on Wednesday, as per state-run news agency Xinhua. The mission, which is likely to happen before 2030, is part of the project aimed at establishing a lunar research station. Zhang said that the mission will be investigating what is the best way to build the facility and continue further moon exploration tasks and other experiments. ALSO READ | Supermoon to be 14,000 miles closer to Earth in July compared to full moon A moon surface lander and manned spacecraft will be sent by two launch vehicles into lunar orbit, before they dock with each other, as per state-run Global Times. After the spacecraft docks, the Chinese astronauts on board the spacecraft will go into the lander which they will use to descend on the surface of the moon. Scientific exploration on moon While staying on the moon, the astronauts will collect samples and conduct “scientific exploration,” before they go back on lander and reunite with the spacecraft waiting in orbit which will fly them back to Earth, reported Global Times. Chinese researchers, to prepare for the mission, are busy creating all the necessary equipment like manned lunar rovers, moon landers, moon suits and manned spaceships, Xinhua reported. The state media reports did not mention how many astronauts China has been planning to send on the mission. This lunar mission is the latest development in China's efforts to advance the country's space programme, which has gone through several breakthrough moments in the last few years. WATCH | Gravitas: Chandrayaan-3 all set for launch | Will India make history? China had already been late in the space race - as it failed to send its first satellite into orbit till 1970. By that time, the United States had already succeeded in landing an astronaut on the moon. In 2013, China was successful in landing a rover on the moon and emerged as the third country to do so. At that time, Chinese President Xi Jinping said, “The space dream is part of the dream to make China stronger.” Under the leadership of Xi, billions have been spent by China on its ambitious space programme. In 2019, a rover was sent by China to the far side of the moon, which was a historic first. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

China unveils plans to land astronauts on the moon by 2030

There are faults in Elon Musk's Starlink satellites. They are leaking electromagnetic radiation. Launched into space to enhance broadband connectivity across the planet. Elon Musk's Starlink satellite constellation is leaking 'unintended electromagnetic radiation'. These radiations are likely to affect astronomical research.

Are Elon Musk's Starlink satellites leaking radiation?

The heightened interest in solar cycles and their potential impact on Earth has been ignited by the looming solar maximum in 2025.

This period, characterised by heightened solar activity, has prompted concerns about the vulnerability of today's digital world to devastating solar storms capable of disrupting global communication networks.

According to&nbsp;Washington Post, the Sun will reach "solar maximum" — a particularly active period — in 2025. It has reported&nbsp;on the lack of preparedness and the surge of misinformation surrounding this issue, leading to an atmosphere of uncertainty and speculation.

<h2>The reality of internet apocalypse</h2>

While it remains unclear whether the 2025 solar storm could bring about the much-dreaded "end of the internet," discussions have emerged regarding the fate of the "always online" society in such an event.

The Washington&nbsp;Post acknowledges that these concerns are not entirely unfounded, as the impact of a strong solar storm on Earth's interconnected infrastructure could result in widespread internet outages.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/china-defeats-spacex-to-successfully-launch-worlds-first-methane-powered-rocket-614515">China defeats SpaceX to successfully launch world’s first methane-powered rocket</a>

Historical events like the Carrington Event of 1859, which caused telegraph lines to spark and operators to be electrocuted, as well as the 1989 solar storm that disrupted the Quebec power grid for hours, serve as reminders of the potential dangers.

<h2>What could be the infrastructure vulnerabilities?</h2>

Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi, a computer science professor at the University of California, Irvine who has played a significant role in bringing attention to this issue through her paper titled 'Solar Superstorms: Planning for an Internet Apocalypse',&nbsp; told the Washington Post about&nbsp;the uncertainty surrounding how current infrastructure would withstand extreme solar events, given that such scenarios are not accounted for in failure testing.

"We've never experienced one of the extreme case events, and we don't know how our infrastructure would respond to it. Our failure testing doesn't even include such scenarios," she told the Post.

The potential economic impact of a single day of lost connectivity due to a solar storm in the United States alone is estimated to exceed $11 billion.&nbsp;

As the United States celebrated Independence Day on July 4, the Sun itself put on a spectacular display of solar storms, captured by NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/climate-change-out-of-control-first-week-of-july-declared-hottest-on-record-614151">'Climate change out of control': First week of July declared hottest on record</a>

Space weather physicist Tamitha Skov shared a video showcasing the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that emanated from the Sun, providing a visual reminder of the powerful forces at play.

In short, the impending solar maximum in 2025 has fuelled concerns about the potential for devastating solar storms and their impact on global communication networks.

While uncertainties and misinformation abound, experts emphasise the need to acknowledge the risks and adequately prepare for potential disruptions that could lead to significant economic consequences.

&nbsp;

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The heightened interest in solar cycles and their potential impact on Earth has been ignited by the looming solar maximum in 2025. This period, characterised by heightened solar activity, has prompted concerns about the vulnerability of today's digital world to devastating solar storms capable of disrupting global communication networks.

The heightened interest in solar cycles and their potential impact on Earth has been ignited by the looming solar maximum in 2025. This period, characterised by heightened solar activity, has prompted concerns about the vulnerability of today's digital world to devastating solar storms capable of disrupting global communication networks. According to Washington Post, the Sun will reach "solar maximum" — a particularly active period — in 2025. It has reported on the lack of preparedness and the surge of misinformation surrounding this issue, leading to an atmosphere of uncertainty and speculation. The reality of internet apocalypse While it remains unclear whether the 2025 solar storm could bring about the much-dreaded "end of the internet," discussions have emerged regarding the fate of the "always online" society in such an event. The Washington Post acknowledges that these concerns are not entirely unfounded, as the impact of a strong solar storm on Earth's interconnected infrastructure could result in widespread internet outages. Also read | China defeats SpaceX to successfully launch world’s first methane-powered rocket Historical events like the Carrington Event of 1859, which caused telegraph lines to spark and operators to be electrocuted, as well as the 1989 solar storm that disrupted the Quebec power grid for hours, serve as reminders of the potential dangers. What could be the infrastructure vulnerabilities? Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi, a computer science professor at the University of California, Irvine who has played a significant role in bringing attention to this issue through her paper titled 'Solar Superstorms: Planning for an Internet Apocalypse', told the Washington Post about the uncertainty surrounding how current infrastructure would withstand extreme solar events, given that such scenarios are not accounted for in failure testing. "We've never experienced one of the extreme case events, and we don't know how our infrastructure would respond to it. Our failure testing doesn't even include such scenarios," she told the Post. The potential economic impact of a single day of lost connectivity due to a solar storm in the United States alone is estimated to exceed $11 billion. As the United States celebrated Independence Day on July 4, the Sun itself put on a spectacular display of solar storms, captured by NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Also read | 'Climate change out of control': First week of July declared hottest on record Space weather physicist Tamitha Skov shared a video showcasing the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that emanated from the Sun, providing a visual reminder of the powerful forces at play. In short, the impending solar maximum in 2025 has fuelled concerns about the potential for devastating solar storms and their impact on global communication networks. While uncertainties and misinformation abound, experts emphasise the need to acknowledge the risks and adequately prepare for potential disruptions that could lead to significant economic consequences. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Countdown to chaos: Sun nearing solar maximum in 2 years, threatening ‘internet apocalypse’

India aims for the moon again. ISRO is all set for the launch of Chandrayaan-3. The Chandrayaan-3 is set for a launch on July 14. However, there is a slight change in plans. Instead of a success-based design like in Chandrayaan-2. ISRO opts for a failure-based design. But what's the reason?

Why ISRO opted for a 'failure-based design' in Chandrayaan-3

Europe's heavy-lift rocket,&nbsp;Ariane-5, took off on its final mission on Wednesday. The rocket, which had made it possible for the continent to access space for nearly three decades, brought its career to an end after lifting&nbsp;two telecoms satellites into space.

Ariane-5 was regarded&nbsp;as a highly successful launcher after it faced only two outright failures in 117 outings.&nbsp;

However, the retirement of Ariane 5 has left Europe in a difficult position, as it has no replacement prepared to take over.&nbsp;

The Ariane-6, which is the next-generation rocket, is still in its development and testing phase and is less likely to debut till next year.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/more-lifting-power-for-indian-rockets-isro-test-fires-indias-most-powerful-rocket-engine-611153">More lifting-power for Indian rockets: ISRO test-fires India's most powerful rocket engine</a>

To make matters more difficult, Russian Soyuz rockets can no longer be used by Europe and its smaller vehicle the Vega-C has been benched after it faced an in-flight failure last December.

Instead, the satellites of Europe have been forced to use the services of the United States. Euclid space telescope, which is worth €1.4 billion ($1.52 billion), was lofted last Saturday on a SpaceX Falcon-9 in Florida.

<h2>Europe's launcher crisis&nbsp;</h2>

The home-grown rockets' unavailability prompted European Space Agency director general Josef Aschbacher to recently announce that "Europe finds itself... in an acute launcher crisis".

The final mission of Wednesday was conducted, as usual, from the Kourou spaceport located in French Guiana.

The two "passengers" onboard the rocket were a German demonstration spacecraft, called Heinrich Hertz and a French defence satellite, named Syracuse 4B.

Right after the start of the rocket's launch window, the Ariane blasted at 19:00 local time (22:00 GMT; 23:00 BST).

Dr Aschbacher stated that scientists will remember the Ariane-5 as a remarkable vehicle.

"The performance and the accuracy of the Ariane-5 have been quite unique, but I'm convinced that Ariane-6 will have the same performance and the same accuracy once it's on the launch pad," he said while speaking to BBC News.

WATCH |&nbsp;South Korea salvages North Korea spy satellite rocket debris; to examine parts

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On December 25, 2021, the famed accuracy was best demonstrated when the rocket launched the $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope.

The telescope's injection into orbit was done so precisely that the observatory did not require it to use its own fuel for correcting its trajectory, which doubled a projected operational lifetime from 10 to 20 years.

A new heavy-lift rocket from Europe was commissioned as the cost of production of the Ariane-5 appeared unsustainable in the wake of US competition.

The launch was upended by Elon Musk's SpaceX company with his reusable Falcons, undercutting the price point of Ariane.&nbsp;

<main>
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Europe's heavy-lift rocket, Ariane-5, took off on its final mission on Wednesday. The rocket, which had made it possible for the continent to access space for nearly three decades, brought its career to an end after lifting two telecoms satellites into space.

Europe's heavy-lift rocket, Ariane-5, took off on its final mission on Wednesday. The rocket, which had made it possible for the continent to access space for nearly three decades, brought its career to an end after lifting two telecoms satellites into space. Ariane-5 was regarded as a highly successful launcher after it faced only two outright failures in 117 outings. However, the retirement of Ariane 5 has left Europe in a difficult position, as it has no replacement prepared to take over. The Ariane-6, which is the next-generation rocket, is still in its development and testing phase and is less likely to debut till next year. ALSO READ | More lifting-power for Indian rockets: ISRO test-fires India's most powerful rocket engine To make matters more difficult, Russian Soyuz rockets can no longer be used by Europe and its smaller vehicle the Vega-C has been benched after it faced an in-flight failure last December. Instead, the satellites of Europe have been forced to use the services of the United States. Euclid space telescope, which is worth €1.4 billion ($1.52 billion), was lofted last Saturday on a SpaceX Falcon-9 in Florida. Europe's launcher crisis The home-grown rockets' unavailability prompted European Space Agency director general Josef Aschbacher to recently announce that "Europe finds itself... in an acute launcher crisis". The final mission of Wednesday was conducted, as usual, from the Kourou spaceport located in French Guiana. The two "passengers" onboard the rocket were a German demonstration spacecraft, called Heinrich Hertz and a French defence satellite, named Syracuse 4B. Right after the start of the rocket's launch window, the Ariane blasted at 19:00 local time (22:00 GMT; 23:00 BST). Dr Aschbacher stated that scientists will remember the Ariane-5 as a remarkable vehicle. "The performance and the accuracy of the Ariane-5 have been quite unique, but I'm convinced that Ariane-6 will have the same performance and the same accuracy once it's on the launch pad," he said while speaking to BBC News. WATCH | South Korea salvages North Korea spy satellite rocket debris; to examine parts On December 25, 2021, the famed accuracy was best demonstrated when the rocket launched the $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope. The telescope's injection into orbit was done so precisely that the observatory did not require it to use its own fuel for correcting its trajectory, which doubled a projected operational lifetime from 10 to 20 years. A new heavy-lift rocket from Europe was commissioned as the cost of production of the Ariane-5 appeared unsustainable in the wake of US competition. The launch was upended by Elon Musk's SpaceX company with his reusable Falcons, undercutting the price point of Ariane. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Europe's Ariane-5 rocket blasts off into space one last time

US is reaching new heights. The nation has found a new way to target enemies. This time it's not a human-made weapon. But a Celestial Weapon, known as Asteroids. According to a Russian Expert, Anatoly Zaitsev, the US might be planning a celestial attack on Russia. This attack will use 'Asteroid' as a weapon.

Russian expert claims the US is working on weaponising asteroids against their enemies

In an exclusive conversation with @VikramChandra, celebrated astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson says that he does not see people going to Mars unless there is a geopolitical force behind it. Tyson also answers questions on Aliens, UFOs, space travel and flying cars. Listen in to the conversation.

Neil deGrasse Tyson talks about UFOs, aliens and colonisation of Mars

Scientists have discovered two super massive black holes merging in distant galaxies. NASA has also recorded the sound emitted by the super massive black holes. What does a black hole sound like? Molly Gambhir tells you more.

Gravitas: Scientists reveal the sound of a super massive black hole

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