Iran is pushing deeper into two arenas that could shape its strategic future space and critical minerals.&nbsp;Tehran is aiming to put three satellites into orbit in a single launch while simultaneously working with China to develop rare-earth resources vital to modern military technology.&nbsp;&nbsp;The moves signal an effort to build technological capabilities domestically, especially as tensions with the United States remain unresolved.&nbsp;&nbsp;Iran's Minister of Information and Communications Technology told Iranian media Tehran plans to launch three satellites from its Martyr Soleimani Constellation before March 2027.&nbsp;The planned constellation will ultimately contain 24 satellites, 18 operational spacecraft, and six reserves.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Iranian minister says putting three satellites into orbit together would strengthen Iran's ability to provide stable communications and uninterrupted services.&nbsp;&nbsp;Iran has in the past relied on its ally Russia to put satellites in orbit, especially in recent years.&nbsp;In December last year, a Russian rocket launched three Iranian earth-observation satellites from a Russian space launch facility in the Amur Oblast.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Iran is also developing low-earth-orbit satellites for communications and remote sensing while expanding the use of space technology in telecommunications, environmental monitoring, and land-resource management. Iranian officials increasingly view the space sector as critical national infrastructure, and Tehran is constructing the Chabahar Space Centre in the country's southeast.But Iran is also looking to strengthen another strategic asset: rare earths. According to reports in Chinese media, China is sending scientists to Iran for rare earth exploration and processing. Rare earths are a group of metals essential to many advanced defence systems, including radar, missiles, fighter aircraft, and sophisticated electronics. Iran's geology could offer significant rare earth deposits. Exploration has reportedly identified rare-earth anomalies across around 7,000 square kilometres of central Iran, including areas associated with iron ore and phosphate formations. So, together, Iran's space programme and rare-earth ambitions point to a broader strategy developing technologies and resources that can strengthen the country's strategic independence at a time of continuing geopolitical pressure.

Iran's Minister of Information and Communications Technology told media Tehran plans to launch three satellites from its Martyr Soleimani Constellation before March 2027. The planned constellation will ultimately contain 24 satellites, 18 operational spacecraft, and six reserves.

Iran is pushing deeper into two arenas that could shape its strategic future space and critical minerals. Tehran is aiming to put three satellites into orbit in a single launch while simultaneously working with China to develop rare-earth resources vital to modern military technology. The moves signal an effort to build technological capabilities domestically, especially as tensions with the United States remain unresolved. Iran's Minister of Information and Communications Technology told Iranian media Tehran plans to launch three satellites from its Martyr Soleimani Constellation before March 2027. The planned constellation will ultimately contain 24 satellites, 18 operational spacecraft, and six reserves. The Iranian minister says putting three satellites into orbit together would strengthen Iran's ability to provide stable communications and uninterrupted services. Iran has in the past relied on its ally Russia to put satellites in orbit, especially in recent years. In December last year, a Russian rocket launched three Iranian earth-observation satellites from a Russian space launch facility in the Amur Oblast.

Iran's Minister of Information and Communications Technology told media Tehran plans to launch three satellites from its Martyr Soleimani Constellation before March 2027. The planned constellation will ultimately contain 24 satellites, 18 operational spacecraft, and six reserves.

Iran to send three satellites into space this year | Gravitas

A quiet battle over some of the world’s most valuable minerals is reshaping global supply chains. Rare earth elements, used in everything from electric vehicle motors and smartphones to missiles and fighter aircraft, have become a strategic asset in the race for technological and military dominance. China’s overwhelming control over mining and processing has left several countries vulnerable to supply disruptions. India, which has reserves of its own but relies heavily on imports for processing, is now stepping up efforts to build a domestic rare earth ecosystem and reduce its dependence on Beijing.<h2>What are rare earth minerals and why are they important?</h2>Rare earth minerals are a group of 17 metallic elements that possess unique magnetic, electrical and optical properties. Despite their name, these elements are not always scarce, but rather difficult and expensive to extract and process. These minerals are crucial and used in modern technologies, including electric vehicles, wind turbines, smartphones, hard drives and several electronic devices.Rare earth minerals also hold strategic importance for national security as they are used in advanced defence systems, including missiles, fighter aircraft, radar systems and other military equipment.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/gaganyaan-the-mission-that-could-change-how-the-world-sees-india-s-space-ambitions-1783690204848">Gaganyaan: The mission that could change how the world sees India’s space ambitions</a>In India, these minerals are classified as critical minerals as they are vital for the clean energy transition, advanced manufacturing and essential for defence preparedness.<h2>Why does China dominate the rare earth supply chain?</h2>For decades, China has dominated the rare earth sector with large-scale mining, processing infrastructure and government-backed investments. Beijing holds a key position in the global industry due to its extensive refining and processing capabilities. Several nations that mine rare eaths are still depend on China to process them.According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), China remains the world’s leading producer of rare earth elements and controls a significant share of global processing capacity. This dominance has allowed Beijing to influence global supplies of minerals crucial for electric vehicles, renewable energy, electronics, semiconductors and defence manufacturing.<h2>India’s dependence on China</h2>India is among the countries seeking to strengthen its position in the rare earth sector. The country has deposits of rare earth elements, particularly in coastal regions, but faces a major hurdle – limited domestic processing and refining capacity.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/as-global-supply-chains-shift-can-india-become-the-next-manufacturing-hub-1783159714059">As global supply chains shift, can India become the next manufacturing hub?</a>This gap has forced Indian industries to rely on imports, including supplies from China, for several rare earth-based materials and components.The risk became more visible after China introduced tighter controls on exports of certain critical minerals, raising concerns about possible disruptions for industries dependent on these resources.<h2>New Delhi’s push for mineral security</h2>To address these challenges, India has stepped up efforts to develop a domestic rare earth ecosystem.The government’s National Critical Mineral Mission aims to expand exploration, mining, processing and recycling of critical minerals. It is also encouraging private investment and seeking partnerships with resource-rich countries to secure alternative supply chains.India is also focusing on building domestic manufacturing capacity for rare earth permanent magnets, a key component used in electric vehicles and other technologies.<h2>Why rare earths matter for India’s future</h2>The race for rare earth minerals is closely linked to India’s ambitions in electric mobility, renewable energy, electronics manufacturing and defence.A reliable supply of these minerals will be crucial as India looks to expand domestic manufacturing and reduce strategic vulnerabilities.For New Delhi, building a self-reliant rare earth supply chain is no longer just an economic goal – it is becoming a key part of the country’s technology and national security strategy.Watch | India monsoon: cloudburst hits Kashmir, Uttarakhand landslides, IMD issues heavy rain alert <a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/india-monsoon-cloudburst-hits-kashmir-uttarakhand-landslides-imd-issues-heavy-rain-alert-1783842124166/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/india-monsoon-cloudburst-hits-kashmir-uttarakhand-landslides-imd-issues-heavy-rain-alert-1783842124166/embed</a>&nbsp;

China dominates the global rare earth supply chain, raising concerns over India’s dependence. As demand rises for EVs, defence and technology, India is pushing to build a self-reliant critical minerals ecosystem. Here's all you need to know.

A quiet battle over some of the world’s most valuable minerals is reshaping global supply chains. Rare earth elements, used in everything from electric vehicle motors and smartphones to missiles and fighter aircraft, have become a strategic asset in the race for technological and military dominance. China’s overwhelming control over mining and processing has left several countries vulnerable to supply disruptions. India, which has reserves of its own but relies heavily on imports for processing, is now stepping up efforts to build a domestic rare earth ecosystem and reduce its dependence on Beijing. What are rare earth minerals and why are they important? Rare earth minerals are a group of 17 metallic elements that possess unique magnetic, electrical and optical properties. Despite their name, these elements are not always scarce, but rather difficult and expensive to extract and process. These minerals are crucial and used in modern technologies, including electric vehicles, wind turbines, smartphones, hard drives and several electronic devices. Rare earth minerals also hold strategic importance for national security as they are used in advanced defence systems, including missiles, fighter aircraft, radar systems and other military equipment. Also read | Gaganyaan: The mission that could change how the world sees India’s space ambitions In India, these minerals are classified as critical minerals as they are vital for the clean energy transition, advanced manufacturing and essential for defence preparedness. Why does China dominate the rare earth supply chain? For decades, China has dominated the rare earth sector with large-scale mining, processing infrastructure and government-backed investments. Beijing holds a key position in the global industry due to its extensive refining and processing capabilities. Several nations that mine rare eaths are still depend on China to process them. According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), China remains the world’s leading producer of rare earth elements and controls a significant share of global processing capacity. This dominance has allowed Beijing to influence global supplies of minerals crucial for electric vehicles, renewable energy, electronics, semiconductors and defence manufacturing. India’s dependence on China India is among the countries seeking to strengthen its position in the rare earth sector. The country has deposits of rare earth elements, particularly in coastal regions, but faces a major hurdle – limited domestic processing and refining capacity. Also read | As global supply chains shift, can India become the next manufacturing hub? This gap has forced Indian industries to rely on imports, including supplies from China, for several rare earth-based materials and components. The risk became more visible after China introduced tighter controls on exports of certain critical minerals, raising concerns about possible disruptions for industries dependent on these resources. New Delhi’s push for mineral security To address these challenges, India has stepped up efforts to develop a domestic rare earth ecosystem. The government’s National Critical Mineral Mission aims to expand exploration, mining, processing and recycling of critical minerals. It is also encouraging private investment and seeking partnerships with resource-rich countries to secure alternative supply chains. India is also focusing on building domestic manufacturing capacity for rare earth permanent magnets, a key component used in electric vehicles and other technologies. Why rare earths matter for India’s future The race for rare earth minerals is closely linked to India’s ambitions in electric mobility, renewable energy, electronics manufacturing and defence. A reliable supply of these minerals will be crucial as India looks to expand domestic manufacturing and reduce strategic vulnerabilities. For New Delhi, building a self-reliant rare earth supply chain is no longer just an economic goal – it is becoming a key part of the country’s technology and national security strategy. Watch | India monsoon: cloudburst hits Kashmir, Uttarakhand landslides, IMD issues heavy rain alert https://www.wionews.com/videos/india-monsoon-cloudburst-hits-kashmir-uttarakhand-landslides-imd-issues-heavy-rain-alert-1783842124166/embed

China dominates the global rare earth supply chain, raising concerns over India’s dependence. As demand rises for EVs, defence and technology, India is pushing to build a self-reliant critical minerals ecosystem. Here's all you need to know.

What are rare earth minerals and why is India racing to secure them? WION Decodes

A prolonged Iran war is draining US munitions, critical minerals and industrial capacity, and weakening the country’s defence base and military presence in Asia as rivalry with China intensifies, observes academic Hao Nan. 


Iran War: US Military Equipment Reliant on Rare Earth Metals

The United States has announced a $1.3 billion investment in Pakistan, focusing on rare earths and critical minerals. The move brings renewed attention to the Reko Diq copper-gold mine as Washington looks to secure strategic mineral supply chains.

US Announces $1.3 Billion Investment in Pakistan, Reko Diq Copper Gold Mine In Focus

Japan has launched a deep-sea mining mission as it steps up efforts to reduce dependence on China for rare earth minerals. A government-backed research vessel has departed for Minamitori Island, about 1,900 kilometres southeast of Tokyo. This comes as finance ministers from G7 meet on Monday to discuss critical minerals reliance amid China curbs. 


Japan tests world’s first deep-sea rare earth extraction

Japan has sent its drilling-equipped research vessel Chikyu from Shimizu port to conduct a month-long mission to probe rare-earth-rich seabed mud near Minamitori Island, a remote coral atoll about 1,900 km southeast of Tokyo, marking the world’s first continuous attempt to lift rare earth sludge from around 6 km deep onto a ship as Tokyo moves to reduce reliance on China for critical minerals amid tightening exports.

Japan $250 Million Seabed Project To Break China's Rare Earth Grip

Geologists have reportedly uncovered a treasure trove of 16 rare metals under the Silicon Ridge in Utah. This finding could be valued at $120 billion, The Salt Lake Tribune reported. The discovery was made by Ionic Mineral Technologies, as early tests point to mineral-rich clays. If this discovery is confirmed, it would tilt the economic scales heavily in favour of the US, and push their agendas further in the fields of batteries, chips and magnets. The monumental discovery can help the US challenge China’s dominance in the area of these crucial materials and bring about a major shift in the global rare earth market.&nbsp;The Silicon Ridge deposit features never-before-seen layers of mineral-rich clays, which experts describe as a scientific wonder. A total of 16 rare earth metals have reportedly been found at the site. These elements have a growing requirement as technology grows by leaps and bounds. These elements are used in electronics, renewable energy, defence systems and many more fields. According to André Zeitoun, the CEO of Ionic Mineral Technologies, the site in Utah "offers immense resource potential" and can "boost American industrial independence." He added, "We’re looking at a landmark moment."&nbsp;The elements found include lithium, which is used in electric vehicle batteries. The EV industry is also witnessing growth across the world. There is also gallium and germanium, both of which are important for semiconductors. The other rare elements found are vital for renewable energy systems. The discovery of these elements in the US means that the country's dependence on Chinese imports and end.&nbsp;<h2>Clean mining methods</h2>The company also promises a clean extraction process and calls it "environmentally conscious". Older extraction methods affect the ecosystem and the environment, causing harm and triggering a chain reaction. However, Ionic Mineral Technologies says its proposed technology focuses on lowered emissions and reduced land disruption.&nbsp; &nbsp;

A mining company has made a startling discovery in Utah, finding 16 rare earth elements inside the clay.  A total of 16  rare earth metals have reportedly been found at the site, which can shift the economic balance in favour of the US.

Geologists have reportedly uncovered a treasure trove of 16 rare metals under the Silicon Ridge in Utah. This finding could be valued at $120 billion, The Salt Lake Tribune reported. The discovery was made by Ionic Mineral Technologies, as early tests point to mineral-rich clays. If this discovery is confirmed, it would tilt the economic scales heavily in favour of the US, and push their agendas further in the fields of batteries, chips and magnets. The monumental discovery can help the US challenge China’s dominance in the area of these crucial materials and bring about a major shift in the global rare earth market. The Silicon Ridge deposit features never-before-seen layers of mineral-rich clays, which experts describe as a scientific wonder. A total of 16 rare earth metals have reportedly been found at the site. These elements have a growing requirement as technology grows by leaps and bounds. These elements are used in electronics, renewable energy, defence systems and many more fields. According to André Zeitoun, the CEO of Ionic Mineral Technologies, the site in Utah "offers immense resource potential" and can "boost American industrial independence." He added, "We’re looking at a landmark moment." The elements found include lithium, which is used in electric vehicle batteries. The EV industry is also witnessing growth across the world. There is also gallium and germanium, both of which are important for semiconductors. The other rare elements found are vital for renewable energy systems. The discovery of these elements in the US means that the country's dependence on Chinese imports and end. Clean mining methods The company also promises a clean extraction process and calls it "environmentally conscious". Older extraction methods affect the ecosystem and the environment, causing harm and triggering a chain reaction. However, Ionic Mineral Technologies says its proposed technology focuses on lowered emissions and reduced land disruption.

A mining company has made a startling discovery in Utah, finding 16 rare earth metals inside the clay. &nbsp;A total of 16 &nbsp;rare earth metals have reportedly been found at the site, which can shift the economic balance in favour of the US.

16 rare earth metals worth $120 billion discovered in Utah: 'A landmark moment'

India has launched a landmark move to transform the country’s rare earth manufacturing landscape. The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved an 816 million dollar scheme to promote the manufacturing of rare earth permanent magnets or REPM.
REPM are critical components used across electric vehicles, renewable energy, aerospace and defence.

India’s big push for rare earth magnet self-reliance

It appears that the display of those stones by Pakistan Army Chief Gen Asim Munir to US President Donald Trump in September has led to some real business deals between the two countries, focused on rare earths. Since Munir and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif presented what media reports described as mineral samples in late September, the groundwork for a full-fledged minerals trade has begun.<h2>What did Munir show Trump?</h2>At the time of the Oval Office meeting, many netizens mockingly referred to Munir as a 'salesman'. Reports said he had shown Trump geological specimens of rare earth or critical minerals, though US sources did not confirm the exact nature of the colourful stones. The symbolic intent was clear: to highlight Pakistan’s mineral potential directly to Trump, &nbsp;when the US was seeking rare earths critical for its key industries and defence.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/pakistan-army-chief-asim-munir-cozying-up-with-trump-repeats-anti-india-rhetoric-1754909040774/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/pakistan-army-chief-asim-munir-cozying-up-with-trump-repeats-anti-india-rhetoric-1754909040774/embed</a><h2>First shipment of Pakistan's enriched critical minerals sent to the US</h2>Now, recent reports have said that Pakistan has shipped enriched critical minerals including antimony, copper concentrate, and rare earth elements to the US. This is the first tangible development under the new US–Pakistan minerals cooperation framework, moving beyond diplomatic signalling to real trade.Earlier, Pakistan’s Frontier Works Organization and US Strategic Metals inked a deal covering the extraction and export of rare earth metals, alongside plans for value-added processing in Pakistan. A poly-metallic refinery would process critical minerals into intermediate and finished products for American buyers. The multi-hundred-million-dollar cooperation suggests that the US is looking at Pakistan as a supplementary source of critical minerals.Separately, US-listed Nova Minerals has signed a strategic MoU with Pakistani company Himalayan Earth Exploration (HEE). The focus is on exploration, technology transfer, capacity building, and trade in high-tech metals including antimony, gold, and rare earth elements. The initial investment could run into hundreds of millions of dollars, according to Nova’s CEO.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/pakistan-army-chief-or-shopkeeper-asim-munir-ridiculed-for-rare-earth-minerals-photo-op-with-trump-watch-1759380620882">Pakistan Army chief or shopkeeper? Asim Munir ridiculed for rare earth minerals photo-op with Trump. Watch</a><h2>Rare earths and critical mineral capacity of Pakistan</h2>Pakistan could emerge as a significant supplier of critical minerals for the US and beyond. Rare earth element concentrations are estimated up to 1,400 mg/kg in parts of the northern Himalayan and Karakoram belts. Light rare earths more abundant than heavy ones at roughly three to one ratio. Pakistan also holds significant quantities of antimony, copper, gold, tungsten, lithium, cobalt, and other strategic minerals. Most of these resources remain untapped, with an estimated total mineral wealth of up to US$68 trillion.<h2>Should India be worried about US–Pakistan rare earths cooperation?</h2>Indian strategic and official circles are closely monitoring the growing US–Pakistan minerals cooperation. A sustained minerals corridor linking Pakistan and the US could boost Pakistan’s economic capacity and create a strategic safeguard for the US to secure these assets. India, meanwhile, has its own mineral cooperation frameworks with the US, so a major shift in US focus towards Pakistan is unlikely in the near term.Diversifying critical mineral supply chains is a strategic priority for the US. Pakistan’s emerging minerals sector offers an attractive supplementary source for the US. For Pakistan, the partnership promises technology transfer, foreign investment, and trade opportunities in value-added mineral processing.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/trump-calls-asim-munir-shehbaz-sharif-great-people-says-he-can-quickly-solve-afghanistan-pakistan-conflict-1761460929371">Trump calls Asim Munir, Shehbaz Sharif 'great people,' says he can 'quickly solve' Afghanistan-Pakistan conflict</a><h2>Pakistan still faces hurdles in rare earths trade</h2>Environmental concerns, regulatory gaps, and limited processing capacity remain challenges for Pakistan in exploration and refining of rare earths.&nbsp;But if Pakistan overcomes these, the cooperation with US could evolve into a stable mineral supply chain with lasting strategic significance.&nbsp;

Pakistan-US rare earths trade has begun in earnest, couple of months after Asim Munir showed a case full of stones to Trump. What are the key deals? Should India worry?



It appears that the display of those stones by Pakistan Army Chief Gen Asim Munir to US President Donald Trump in September has led to some real business deals between the two countries, focused on rare earths. Since Munir and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif presented what media reports described as mineral samples in late September, the groundwork for a full-fledged minerals trade has begun. What did Munir show Trump? At the time of the Oval Office meeting, many netizens mockingly referred to Munir as a 'salesman'. Reports said he had shown Trump geological specimens of rare earth or critical minerals, though US sources did not confirm the exact nature of the colourful stones. The symbolic intent was clear: to highlight Pakistan’s mineral potential directly to Trump, when the US was seeking rare earths critical for its key industries and defence. https://www.wionews.com/videos/pakistan-army-chief-asim-munir-cozying-up-with-trump-repeats-anti-india-rhetoric-1754909040774/embed First shipment of Pakistan's enriched critical minerals sent to the US Now, recent reports have said that Pakistan has shipped enriched critical minerals including antimony, copper concentrate, and rare earth elements to the US. This is the first tangible development under the new US–Pakistan minerals cooperation framework, moving beyond diplomatic signalling to real trade. Earlier, Pakistan’s Frontier Works Organization and US Strategic Metals inked a deal covering the extraction and export of rare earth metals, alongside plans for value-added processing in Pakistan. A poly-metallic refinery would process critical minerals into intermediate and finished products for American buyers. The multi-hundred-million-dollar cooperation suggests that the US is looking at Pakistan as a supplementary source of critical minerals. Separately, US-listed Nova Minerals has signed a strategic MoU with Pakistani company Himalayan Earth Exploration (HEE). The focus is on exploration, technology transfer, capacity building, and trade in high-tech metals including antimony, gold, and rare earth elements. The initial investment could run into hundreds of millions of dollars, according to Nova’s CEO. Also read: Pakistan Army chief or shopkeeper? Asim Munir ridiculed for rare earth minerals photo-op with Trump. Watch Rare earths and critical mineral capacity of Pakistan Pakistan could emerge as a significant supplier of critical minerals for the US and beyond. Rare earth element concentrations are estimated up to 1,400 mg/kg in parts of the northern Himalayan and Karakoram belts. Light rare earths more abundant than heavy ones at roughly three to one ratio. Pakistan also holds significant quantities of antimony, copper, gold, tungsten, lithium, cobalt, and other strategic minerals. Most of these resources remain untapped, with an estimated total mineral wealth of up to US$68 trillion. Should India be worried about US–Pakistan rare earths cooperation? Indian strategic and official circles are closely monitoring the growing US–Pakistan minerals cooperation. A sustained minerals corridor linking Pakistan and the US could boost Pakistan’s economic capacity and create a strategic safeguard for the US to secure these assets. India, meanwhile, has its own mineral cooperation frameworks with the US, so a major shift in US focus towards Pakistan is unlikely in the near term. Diversifying critical mineral supply chains is a strategic priority for the US. Pakistan’s emerging minerals sector offers an attractive supplementary source for the US. For Pakistan, the partnership promises technology transfer, foreign investment, and trade opportunities in value-added mineral processing. Also read: Trump calls Asim Munir, Shehbaz Sharif 'great people,' says he can 'quickly solve' Afghanistan-Pakistan conflict Pakistan still faces hurdles in rare earths trade Environmental concerns, regulatory gaps, and limited processing capacity remain challenges for Pakistan in exploration and refining of rare earths. But if Pakistan overcomes these, the cooperation with US could evolve into a stable mineral supply chain with lasting strategic significance.

Pakistan-US rare earths trade has begun in earnest, couple of months after Asim Munir showed a case full of stones to Trump. What are the key deals? Should India worry?&nbsp;

Asim Munir showed Trump those stones. Now, Pak-US rare earths trade is on. Should this worry India?

China has issued a set of rare earth export restrictions that could potentially target US military end-use, American media reports said. Its refined rare earth export policy will now differentiate between civilian and military end-users. From December 1, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) will implement this updated licensing system, which expedites approvals for non-military shipments while permanently denying licences to companies tied to the US defence sector. The new “validated end-user” system, as reported by Wall Street Journal, could potentially block rare earth magnets and materials used in advanced American weaponry and aerospace systems.<h2>Beijing is exploiting its dominance in rare earth elements</h2>China controls nearly 85 per cent of the world’s rare earth elements (REEs) through global mining and 95 per cent of REE processing. The restrictions, which began in April following new tariffs from US President Donald Trump, prohibit exports of seven heavy REEs critical for defence technologies such as American missile guidance systems and fighter jets.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/top-7-countries-with-the-largest-rare-earth-reserves-see-where-india-stands-1759307993918">Top 7 countries with the largest rare earth reserves: See where India stands</a><h2>Why the rare earth elements are crucial for US defence</h2>The elements—samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium—are subject to licensing. Military-related applications will be outrightly rejected. Sixteen major US contractors, including Lockheed Martin and Raytheon, have already been added to China’s export control list, disrupting supply chains and delaying US missile and aircraft production.But the April restrictions were selectively eased amid the waxing and waning of the tariff war. A truce following Trump's talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping reopened civilian REE exports, but defence-related prohibitions remained.In October, MOFCOM expanded controls to five additional elements—holmium, erbium, thulium, europium, and ytterbium—and to REE-based magnets, processing technologies, and lithium battery materials containing any Chinese rare earths.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/how-can-india-meet-its-rare-earth-demand-amid-china-s-dominance-1761755712782">How can India meet its rare earth demand amid China's dominance? HCL co-founder suggests innovative solution</a><h2>Beijing views rare earth export controls as a national security action</h2>China will screen buyers to prevent indirect re-exports of these elements through third parties or countries. Explaining the measures under national security concerns, China insists this is consistent with WTO rules, even as it leverages them as negotiation tools.Also read: <a href=" https://www.wionews.com/world/will-rare-earths-cause-the-next-war-or-what-is-common-in-china-vs-us-afghanistan-ukraine-and-africa-1760345440542">Will rare earths cause the next war (or what is common in China vs US, Afghanistan, Ukraine and Africa)?</a><h2>How China is playing hide-and-seek with the US on rare earths</h2>Contradictory reports have emerged from the US and China regarding how many exemptions were granted on rare earth exports. American statements suggested a broad relaxation, but official Chinese readouts confirmed only non-military exemptions.Violations of the dual-use control list now carry fines of up to $700,000 or permanent export bans.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/trump-xi-deal-china-to-suspend-rare-earth-curbs-probes-on-us-chip-firms-1762069999007/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/trump-xi-deal-china-to-suspend-rare-earth-curbs-probes-on-us-chip-firms-1762069999007/embed</a><h2>The US remains heavily dependent on Chinese rare earths</h2>Despite trade and tariff tensions, the US imports nearly three-quarters of its REEs from China.The US has minimal domestic capacity for heavy-element separation. Pentagon data showed that most advanced US defence systems—including F-35 jets, Tomahawk missiles, naval sonar arrays, and radar platforms—rely on Chinese-processed REEs. Current REE stockpiles cover only a few months of consumption, while new US mining and processing projects are years away from completion. Domestic initiatives under the Defence Production Act have yielded minimal results, covering only about 10 per cent of heavy REE requirements by 2025.<h2>China's calculated pressure tactic on the US defence sector</h2>While not an outright embargo, the rare earth end-user restrictions for US defence are designed to constrain US military preparedness without severing broader trade ties with America.&nbsp;US weapon production timelines could suffer, facing delays of up to a year. While recycling and allied sourcing could provide partial mitigation for US defence, it is nearly impossible for the US to fully substitute Chinese-origin REEs. The strategy underscores Beijing’s intent to wield mineral dominance as a deterrent to US military actions in Asia.

China’s new rare earth export curbs could target US military end use, tightening licences for defence-linked firms, according to US media reports. The move, which will reportedly kick in from December, could delay American weapons production and disrupt supply chains.


China has issued a set of rare earth export restrictions that could potentially target US military end-use, American media reports said. Its refined rare earth export policy will now differentiate between civilian and military end-users. From December 1, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) will implement this updated licensing system, which expedites approvals for non-military shipments while permanently denying licences to companies tied to the US defence sector. The new “validated end-user” system, as reported by Wall Street Journal, could potentially block rare earth magnets and materials used in advanced American weaponry and aerospace systems. Beijing is exploiting its dominance in rare earth elements China controls nearly 85 per cent of the world’s rare earth elements (REEs) through global mining and 95 per cent of REE processing. The restrictions, which began in April following new tariffs from US President Donald Trump, prohibit exports of seven heavy REEs critical for defence technologies such as American missile guidance systems and fighter jets. Also read: Top 7 countries with the largest rare earth reserves: See where India stands Why the rare earth elements are crucial for US defence The elements—samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium—are subject to licensing. Military-related applications will be outrightly rejected. Sixteen major US contractors, including Lockheed Martin and Raytheon, have already been added to China’s export control list, disrupting supply chains and delaying US missile and aircraft production. But the April restrictions were selectively eased amid the waxing and waning of the tariff war. A truce following Trump's talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping reopened civilian REE exports, but defence-related prohibitions remained. In October, MOFCOM expanded controls to five additional elements—holmium, erbium, thulium, europium, and ytterbium—and to REE-based magnets, processing technologies, and lithium battery materials containing any Chinese rare earths. Also read: How can India meet its rare earth demand amid China's dominance? HCL co-founder suggests innovative solution Beijing views rare earth export controls as a national security action China will screen buyers to prevent indirect re-exports of these elements through third parties or countries. Explaining the measures under national security concerns, China insists this is consistent with WTO rules, even as it leverages them as negotiation tools. Also read: Will rare earths cause the next war (or what is common in China vs US, Afghanistan, Ukraine and Africa)? How China is playing hide-and-seek with the US on rare earths Contradictory reports have emerged from the US and China regarding how many exemptions were granted on rare earth exports. American statements suggested a broad relaxation, but official Chinese readouts confirmed only non-military exemptions. Violations of the dual-use control list now carry fines of up to $700,000 or permanent export bans. https://www.wionews.com/videos/trump-xi-deal-china-to-suspend-rare-earth-curbs-probes-on-us-chip-firms-1762069999007/embed The US remains heavily dependent on Chinese rare earths Despite trade and tariff tensions, the US imports nearly three-quarters of its REEs from China. The US has minimal domestic capacity for heavy-element separation. Pentagon data showed that most advanced US defence systems—including F-35 jets, Tomahawk missiles, naval sonar arrays, and radar platforms—rely on Chinese-processed REEs. Current REE stockpiles cover only a few months of consumption, while new US mining and processing projects are years away from completion. Domestic initiatives under the Defence Production Act have yielded minimal results, covering only about 10 per cent of heavy REE requirements by 2025. China's calculated pressure tactic on the US defence sector While not an outright embargo, the rare earth end-user restrictions for US defence are designed to constrain US military preparedness without severing broader trade ties with America. US weapon production timelines could suffer, facing delays of up to a year. While recycling and allied sourcing could provide partial mitigation for US defence, it is nearly impossible for the US to fully substitute Chinese-origin REEs. The strategy underscores Beijing’s intent to wield mineral dominance as a deterrent to US military actions in Asia.

China’s new rare earth export curbs target US military end use, tightening licences for defence-linked firms. The move, which will kick in from December, could delay American weapons production and disrupt supply chains. &nbsp;

Did China just put a chokehold on US defence? How its rare earth end use restrictions could hit American military hard

In a major breakthrough for India’s manufacturing sector, four Indian companies — Continental India, DE Diamond, Hitachi, and Jay Ushin — have become the first to receive licenses to import China’s tightly-controlled rare earth magnets.
These critical materials power electric vehicles, smartphones, wind turbines, and defence technologies: but the imports come with strict conditions: the magnets cannot be exported to the US or used for defence production.


Rare Earths Magnets: 3 Indian Firms Get Import License From China

President Trump welcomed Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese to the White House for their first official meeting as both leaders focus on defense, critical minerals, AUKUS, and trade relations. Discussions also address China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific, with both nations seeking to strengthen their partnership.


US-Australia sign deal: Rare earth minerals agreement valued at 8.5 billion Dollars 

In a major development, US President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signed a major agreement on rare earths and critical minerals.
The deal, worth $8.5 billion, also ties closely with the aukus defence pact, as both nations move to counter china’s dominance in the Indo-Pacific.

United States and Australia sign new deal

Trump, Albanese sign critical minerals deal to curb China's grip on global supply

While tensions flare with the U.S., China is charting its course for the next five years. Chinese President Xi Jinping and the country’s top leaders, known as the Central Committee, will meet next week from Monday to Thursday for a planning meeting called the “Fourth Plenum.”


China: Xi to prepare political & economic blueprint ahead of Trump meet 

Chinese president to chair fourth plenum, political & economic roadmap on agenda

"China's announcement of export control measures on rare earths and related items is a legitimate action by the Chinese government to refine its export control system in accordance with laws and regulations," a spokesperson with the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) said on Sunday, in response to a question over the China's considerations with the Thursday announcement on imposing export control measures on related rare earth items.


Trump tariff war: How has China leveraged its control over rare earths?

Trump tariff war: Beijing criticises US 'double standards', defends rare earth export curbs 

The Spain Discussions Between U.S. And Chinese Officials Have Paved the Way for the First Call Since June Between Presidents Donald Trump and Xi Jinping on Friday. Among the Many Topics Up for Discussion During This Week's Call Are TikTok, Boeing Planes, Rare Earth Magnets, and Taiwan.
In This Next Report, We Decode the U.S. And China Relationship Under Trump’s Second Term in Office.

US-China relationship under Trump 2.0, Trump & Xi to discuss TikTok deal on Friday

The Trump administration is moving to significantly bolster America’s domestic supply of critical minerals and materials with a proposed funding package worth nearly $1 billion, the US Department of Energy (DOE) announced on August 13. The plan aims to advance and scale mining, processing, and manufacturing technologies vital to industries ranging from electric vehicle batteries to semiconductors, sectors currently dominated by China and other foreign suppliers.“For too long, the United States has relied on foreign actors to supply and process the critical materials that are essential to modern life and our national security,” said Energy Secretary Chris Wright. “Thanks to President Trump’s leadership, the Energy Department will play a leading role in reshoring processing and expanding our domestic supply of these indispensable resources.”<h2>Four major initiatives under funding plan</h2>The DOE’s Office of Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chains (MESC) will oversee the largest portion of the funding, offering up to $500 million to expand US critical minerals processing, battery manufacturing, and recycling capabilities. Another $135 million will be directed toward establishing a Rare Earth Elements Demonstration Facility to prove the commercial viability of domestic refining and recovery methods from mining tailings and waste streams.The Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management plans to provide $250 million in assistance to industrial plants, including coal facilities, to pilot technologies for recovering valuable mineral byproducts from existing processes. In addition, the DOE’s Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office will offer up to $50 million under its Critical Minerals and Materials Accelerator programme to support technology maturation in areas such as rare-earth magnet supply chains, direct lithium extraction, and refining of gallium, germanium, and silicon carbide for semiconductor use.<h2>Tapping unconventional sources</h2>The Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) will also advance its $40 million Recover programme, which focuses on extracting critical minerals from industrial wastewater. The initiative could unlock domestic supplies that would otherwise be discarded, complementing traditional mining. The DOE said these initiatives align with President Trump’s executive order on maximising US energy development, reinforcing supply chain security and industrial competitiveness. Funding opportunities will require recipients to match at least 50% of project costs, ensuring private-sector participation.By scaling domestic capabilities, officials say the US can reduce strategic vulnerabilities, create jobs, and secure key materials essential for the nation’s energy and technology future.&nbsp;(With inputs from agencies)

The plan aims to advance and scale mining, processing, and manufacturing technologies vital to industries ranging from electric vehicle batteries to semiconductors, sectors currently dominated by China and other foreign suppliers.

The Trump administration is moving to significantly bolster America’s domestic supply of critical minerals and materials with a proposed funding package worth nearly $1 billion, the US Department of Energy (DOE) announced on August 13. The plan aims to advance and scale mining, processing, and manufacturing technologies vital to industries ranging from electric vehicle batteries to semiconductors, sectors currently dominated by China and other foreign suppliers. “For too long, the United States has relied on foreign actors to supply and process the critical materials that are essential to modern life and our national security,” said Energy Secretary Chris Wright. “Thanks to President Trump’s leadership, the Energy Department will play a leading role in reshoring processing and expanding our domestic supply of these indispensable resources.” Four major initiatives under funding plan The DOE’s Office of Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chains (MESC) will oversee the largest portion of the funding, offering up to $500 million to expand US critical minerals processing, battery manufacturing, and recycling capabilities. Another $135 million will be directed toward establishing a Rare Earth Elements Demonstration Facility to prove the commercial viability of domestic refining and recovery methods from mining tailings and waste streams. The Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management plans to provide $250 million in assistance to industrial plants, including coal facilities, to pilot technologies for recovering valuable mineral byproducts from existing processes. In addition, the DOE’s Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office will offer up to $50 million under its Critical Minerals and Materials Accelerator programme to support technology maturation in areas such as rare-earth magnet supply chains, direct lithium extraction, and refining of gallium, germanium, and silicon carbide for semiconductor use. Tapping unconventional sources The Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) will also advance its $40 million Recover programme, which focuses on extracting critical minerals from industrial wastewater. The initiative could unlock domestic supplies that would otherwise be discarded, complementing traditional mining. The DOE said these initiatives align with President Trump’s executive order on maximising US energy development, reinforcing supply chain security and industrial competitiveness. Funding opportunities will require recipients to match at least 50% of project costs, ensuring private-sector participation. By scaling domestic capabilities, officials say the US can reduce strategic vulnerabilities, create jobs, and secure key materials essential for the nation’s energy and technology future. (With inputs from agencies)

The plan aims to advance and scale mining, processing, and manufacturing technologies vital to industries ranging from electric vehicle batteries to semiconductors, sectors currently dominated by China and other foreign suppliers.

Trump administration unveils nearly $1 billion plan to boost US critical minerals supply

In a strategic shift with sweeping implications for global defence manufacturing, China has escalated restrictions on the export of critical minerals, disrupting supply chains across the Western world and exposing the deep reliance of US and allied militaries on Chinese raw materials. The materials in question, including rare earth elements, gallium, germanium, and antimony, are essential to the production of advanced weapons systems, from infrared missile sensors to radar arrays and fighter jet engines. China not only mines a majority of the world’s rare earths, but it also controls as much as 90 per cent of global refining capacity, turning it into a chokepoint for the global defence industry.<h2>Chokehold on supply disrupts production</h2>Earlier this year, Beijing imposed tighter export controls on several categories of rare earths and other critical minerals. While some concessions were made after the US agreed to limited trade compromises in June, China has maintained strict limits on shipments intended for military applications. The impact has been immediate. One US-based drone parts supplier, ePropelled, was forced to delay shipments by up to two months after its Chinese suppliers demanded photos, schematics, and end-user details before releasing magnets made from rare earths. The company refused, prompting the suspension of deliveries.Across the defence sector, prices for materials such as samarium, used in high-temperature magnets for jet engines, have skyrocketed, in one reported case increasing by 60 times. Suppliers now warn of rising costs and looming production halts unless access to critical minerals is restored or alternative sources are secured. Leonardo DRS, a major US defence firm, has already hit critical levels on its stockpile of germanium, vital for infrared targeting sensors, with CEO Bill Lynn warning that material flow must improve in the second half of 2025 to avoid supply disruptions.<h2>Strategic weakness exposed</h2>The growing crisis has highlighted a key vulnerability: more than 80,000 parts used in US Department of Defense weapons systems rely on minerals currently under Chinese export control, according to defence analytics firm Govini. Nearly all those supply chains involve at least one Chinese vendor. Some companies have responded by racing to build stockpiles, but many, especially smaller drone manufacturers and startups, lack the resources or foresight to accumulate months’ worth of reserves. Even those that do stockpile face problems sourcing materials like antimony or dysprosium, which have few viable alternatives outside China.The Pentagon has attempted to address the crisis with targeted investments. In July, it committed $400 million for a 15 per cent stake in MP Materials, the only US-based rare earth mining and processing company. In earlier grants, it also funded expansion of germanium and antimony production by Canadian and American firms. But officials acknowledge that reshaping the supply chain will take years.<h2>A domestic push, but time is short</h2>Amid intensifying pressure, US companies are moving aggressively to build up domestic rare earth capacity. USA Rare Earth, a Texas-based firm launched in 2019, has seen a surge of investor interest since China’s latest round of export curbs. The firm raised $170 million for its magnet production line and is seeking another $300 million to expand operations. Still, the gap is large. China continues to control 60 per cent of global rare earth mining and 90 per cent of refining. In 2024, China produced 750 out of the 760 tonnes of gallium used worldwide. The US produced none.While MP Materials is ramping up magnet production, much of its raw material still goes to China for processing, a bottleneck the Pentagon is now paying to eliminate. USA Rare Earth’s mine in Texas contains reserves of 15 out of 17 rare earth elements, and its refining technology is designed to be more sustainable than past US operations, which were hindered by environmental concerns.Washington is also trying to diversify through partnerships. Ukraine has emerged as a potential supplier, but developing its mining infrastructure amid ongoing war could take decades. In the meantime, defence companies are invoking emergency powers under the Defense Production Act and seeking long-term deals with rare earth producers in allied countries. DARPA and other agencies are working on predictive models to identify future bottlenecks, while firms like Phoenix Tailings in Massachusetts aim to ramp up domestic metal recycling and processing. Still, the clock is ticking. US law now requires defence contractors to eliminate Chinese-sourced rare earth magnets by 2027. Without new, stable sources, some firms will hit a cliff edge in less than two years.&nbsp;(With inputs from agencies)

China not only mines a majority of the world’s rare earths, but it also controls as much as 90 per cent of global refining capacity, turning it into a chokepoint for the global defence industry.

In a strategic shift with sweeping implications for global defence manufacturing, China has escalated restrictions on the export of critical minerals, disrupting supply chains across the Western world and exposing the deep reliance of US and allied militaries on Chinese raw materials. The materials in question, including rare earth elements, gallium, germanium, and antimony, are essential to the production of advanced weapons systems, from infrared missile sensors to radar arrays and fighter jet engines. China not only mines a majority of the world’s rare earths, but it also controls as much as 90 per cent of global refining capacity, turning it into a chokepoint for the global defence industry. Chokehold on supply disrupts production Earlier this year, Beijing imposed tighter export controls on several categories of rare earths and other critical minerals. While some concessions were made after the US agreed to limited trade compromises in June, China has maintained strict limits on shipments intended for military applications. The impact has been immediate. One US-based drone parts supplier, ePropelled, was forced to delay shipments by up to two months after its Chinese suppliers demanded photos, schematics, and end-user details before releasing magnets made from rare earths. The company refused, prompting the suspension of deliveries. Across the defence sector, prices for materials such as samarium, used in high-temperature magnets for jet engines, have skyrocketed, in one reported case increasing by 60 times. Suppliers now warn of rising costs and looming production halts unless access to critical minerals is restored or alternative sources are secured. Leonardo DRS, a major US defence firm, has already hit critical levels on its stockpile of germanium, vital for infrared targeting sensors, with CEO Bill Lynn warning that material flow must improve in the second half of 2025 to avoid supply disruptions. Strategic weakness exposed The growing crisis has highlighted a key vulnerability: more than 80,000 parts used in US Department of Defense weapons systems rely on minerals currently under Chinese export control, according to defence analytics firm Govini. Nearly all those supply chains involve at least one Chinese vendor. Some companies have responded by racing to build stockpiles, but many, especially smaller drone manufacturers and startups, lack the resources or foresight to accumulate months’ worth of reserves. Even those that do stockpile face problems sourcing materials like antimony or dysprosium, which have few viable alternatives outside China. The Pentagon has attempted to address the crisis with targeted investments. In July, it committed $400 million for a 15 per cent stake in MP Materials, the only US-based rare earth mining and processing company. In earlier grants, it also funded expansion of germanium and antimony production by Canadian and American firms. But officials acknowledge that reshaping the supply chain will take years. A domestic push, but time is short Amid intensifying pressure, US companies are moving aggressively to build up domestic rare earth capacity. USA Rare Earth, a Texas-based firm launched in 2019, has seen a surge of investor interest since China’s latest round of export curbs. The firm raised $170 million for its magnet production line and is seeking another $300 million to expand operations. Still, the gap is large. China continues to control 60 per cent of global rare earth mining and 90 per cent of refining. In 2024, China produced 750 out of the 760 tonnes of gallium used worldwide. The US produced none. While MP Materials is ramping up magnet production, much of its raw material still goes to China for processing, a bottleneck the Pentagon is now paying to eliminate. USA Rare Earth’s mine in Texas contains reserves of 15 out of 17 rare earth elements, and its refining technology is designed to be more sustainable than past US operations, which were hindered by environmental concerns. Washington is also trying to diversify through partnerships. Ukraine has emerged as a potential supplier, but developing its mining infrastructure amid ongoing war could take decades. In the meantime, defence companies are invoking emergency powers under the Defense Production Act and seeking long-term deals with rare earth producers in allied countries. DARPA and other agencies are working on predictive models to identify future bottlenecks, while firms like Phoenix Tailings in Massachusetts aim to ramp up domestic metal recycling and processing. Still, the clock is ticking. US law now requires defence contractors to eliminate Chinese-sourced rare earth magnets by 2027. Without new, stable sources, some firms will hit a cliff edge in less than two years. (With inputs from agencies)

China not only mines a majority of the world’s rare earths, but it also controls as much as 90 per cent of global refining capacity, turning it into a chokepoint for the global defence industry.

China tightens grip on critical minerals, disrupting Western defence supply chains

Once plagued by smuggling and unregulated mining, China’s rare earth industry is now a tightly controlled strategic sector and a key lever in Beijing’s global trade diplomacy. Over the past 15 years, China has turned what was once a chaotic network of miners and exporters into a state-dominated supply chain, responsible for 90 per cent of global processing capacity.&nbsp;As per Reuters, the shift has not only curbed environmental damage but also allowed China to weaponise supply chains, most recently during export restrictions in April 2025, which left global automakers scrambling within weeks.<h2>From fragmentation to state-led consolidation</h2>In the early 2000s, China’s rare earth sector resembled the wild west. Hundreds of small-scale miners and processors operated across the country with little oversight. Much of the output bypassed official channels and was smuggled abroad, undermining Beijing’s attempts to regulate exports.&nbsp;According to Reuters, by 2013 just 10 companies controlled most of China’s rare earth mining. Today, that number is down to two powerful, state-owned giants: China Rare Earth Group and China Northern Rare Earth Group High-Tech. This consolidation has given Beijing tighter control over output while addressing rampant illegal mining that had caused significant environmental degradation, as noted by Boise State University’s David Abraham.<h2>Quotas tighten as Beijing slows supply growth</h2>Alongside industry consolidation, China has steadily strengthened its quota regime, capping how much rare earth material can be mined, smelted, and processed each year. These quotas, first introduced in 2006, now serve as a key indicator of global supply expectations. In 2024, only the two state-owned producers received quotas, compared to six companies the previous year.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mining output growth was sharply slowed to just 5.9 per cent in 2024, down from 21.4 per cent in 2023. Reuters reports that quotas this year are expected to either remain flat or rise only marginally, further constraining global access to key materials used in electric vehicles, wind turbines and advanced electronics.<h2>Cracking down on smuggling and magnet tech exports</h2>In 2014, it was estimated that around 40,000 metric tonnes of rare earth oxides were smuggled out of China, more than half the volume of the country’s legal exports. Beijing has since moved aggressively to shut down illegal trade routes and introduce supply chain transparency. Although magnet manufacturing remains more fragmented, with companies like JL Mag Rare-Earth and Ningbo Yunsheng still operating independently, Beijing has now introduced mandatory tracking for rare earth magnet production.&nbsp;&nbsp;As of June 2025, companies must report customer information and transaction volumes, in a bid to oversee end-user access. Moreover, China has long banned the export of rare earth processing technology. That restriction was expanded in late 2023 to cover advanced technologies used in rare earth magnet production, a move that limits other nations’ ability to replicate the full value chain.<h2>A strategic tool in trade disputes</h2>Beijing’s rare earth policy has evolved from reactive to proactive. In 2010, when China cut exports to Japan during a diplomatic spat, smuggling undercut its impact. But in 2025, a similar restriction triggered visible shortages within two months.&nbsp;With China now commanding both the upstream and downstream sides of the rare earth sector, the country holds substantial sway over industries critical to the energy transition and high-tech manufacturing. As per Reuters, this transformation has turned rare earths into a potent geopolitical tool, one that the rest of the world may find increasingly difficult to decouple from. &nbsp;

By transforming a once chaotic rare earth sector into a state controlled powerhouse, China now wields strategic control over materials vital to EVs, wind turbines, and electronics, intensifying global dependence amid rising trade tensions.

Once plagued by smuggling and unregulated mining, China’s rare earth industry is now a tightly controlled strategic sector and a key lever in Beijing’s global trade diplomacy. Over the past 15 years, China has turned what was once a chaotic network of miners and exporters into a state-dominated supply chain, responsible for 90 per cent of global processing capacity. As per Reuters, the shift has not only curbed environmental damage but also allowed China to weaponise supply chains, most recently during export restrictions in April 2025, which left global automakers scrambling within weeks. From fragmentation to state-led consolidation In the early 2000s, China’s rare earth sector resembled the wild west. Hundreds of small-scale miners and processors operated across the country with little oversight. Much of the output bypassed official channels and was smuggled abroad, undermining Beijing’s attempts to regulate exports. According to Reuters, by 2013 just 10 companies controlled most of China’s rare earth mining. Today, that number is down to two powerful, state-owned giants: China Rare Earth Group and China Northern Rare Earth Group High-Tech. This consolidation has given Beijing tighter control over output while addressing rampant illegal mining that had caused significant environmental degradation, as noted by Boise State University’s David Abraham. Quotas tighten as Beijing slows supply growth Alongside industry consolidation, China has steadily strengthened its quota regime, capping how much rare earth material can be mined, smelted, and processed each year. These quotas, first introduced in 2006, now serve as a key indicator of global supply expectations. In 2024, only the two state-owned producers received quotas, compared to six companies the previous year. Mining output growth was sharply slowed to just 5.9 per cent in 2024, down from 21.4 per cent in 2023. Reuters reports that quotas this year are expected to either remain flat or rise only marginally, further constraining global access to key materials used in electric vehicles, wind turbines and advanced electronics. Cracking down on smuggling and magnet tech exports In 2014, it was estimated that around 40,000 metric tonnes of rare earth oxides were smuggled out of China, more than half the volume of the country’s legal exports. Beijing has since moved aggressively to shut down illegal trade routes and introduce supply chain transparency. Although magnet manufacturing remains more fragmented, with companies like JL Mag Rare-Earth and Ningbo Yunsheng still operating independently, Beijing has now introduced mandatory tracking for rare earth magnet production. As of June 2025, companies must report customer information and transaction volumes, in a bid to oversee end-user access. Moreover, China has long banned the export of rare earth processing technology. That restriction was expanded in late 2023 to cover advanced technologies used in rare earth magnet production, a move that limits other nations’ ability to replicate the full value chain. A strategic tool in trade disputes Beijing’s rare earth policy has evolved from reactive to proactive. In 2010, when China cut exports to Japan during a diplomatic spat, smuggling undercut its impact. But in 2025, a similar restriction triggered visible shortages within two months. With China now commanding both the upstream and downstream sides of the rare earth sector, the country holds substantial sway over industries critical to the energy transition and high-tech manufacturing. As per Reuters, this transformation has turned rare earths into a potent geopolitical tool, one that the rest of the world may find increasingly difficult to decouple from.

China’s crackdown on illegal mining and consolidation of its rare earth industry has tightened global supply and heightened its influence over critical green technologies.

How China turned rare earths into a powerful geopolitical tool

The latest round of US-China trade talks concluded in London with both sides declaring a new truce, but key issues surrounding national security-linked export controls remain unresolved, casting a shadow over hopes for a comprehensive long-term agreement.&nbsp;While US President Donald Trump hailed the deal as a “great success”, people familiar with the matter confirmed to Reuters&nbsp;that the compromise excludes crucial components like military-grade rare earth exports and advanced technology restrictions.According to two individuals briefed on the negotiations, Beijing has yet to commit to lifting its export restrictions on certain specialised rare-earth magnets essential to US military suppliers, particularly those used in fighter jets and missile systems.&nbsp;In parallel, the US maintains its export curbs on cutting-edge AI chips that it fears could have military applications in China. This unresolved tension forms a significant obstacle to any broader trade resolution.At the London discussions, Chinese negotiators reportedly linked progress on easing restrictions on rare-earth magnets with the longstanding US controls on AI chip exports. This marked a shift from the original trade dialogue, which had centred on tariff adjustments and China’s trade surplus.&nbsp;The emerging focus on export controls, especially in sectors vital to defence and next-generation technologies, signals a deeper strategic competition between the two powers.<h2>Limited gains on rare earths and tariff relief</h2>Although both sides emerged from the talks with what they described as a framework to de-escalate trade tensions, key concessions remain narrow in scope. China has agreed to expedite the approval of export licences for rare earths bound for non-military US manufacturers.&nbsp;These fast-track approvals are expected to be valid for six months and would apply to companies seen as “trusted” by Beijing. Additionally, a “green channel” has been proposed to facilitate smoother processing for select US firms.Chinese rare-earth magnet producer JL MAG Rare-Earth confirmed it had received export licences that included shipments to the United States, while the Chinese Commerce Ministry acknowledged approval of compliant applications.&nbsp;However, rare earth elements like samarium—vital for military applications—remain excluded from this arrangement. Automakers, who primarily use dysprosium and terbium in electric motors and braking systems, will benefit more directly from the current terms than the defence industry.Meanwhile, US officials indicated plans to extend existing tariffs on China by another 90 days beyond the August 10 deadline agreed in Geneva, signalling that a more permanent agreement is not expected before then.&nbsp;<h2>Rare earths as strategic leverage</h2>Rare earth elements—17 minerals crucial to modern manufacturing—have emerged as a strategic bargaining chip in the ongoing trade conflict. China mines around 70 per cent of the world’s rare earths and processes nearly 90 per cent, giving it a near-monopoly in this domain.&nbsp;Beijing’s dominance also extends to related products such as rare earth magnets, which are critical not only to the auto and electronics industries but also to advanced weapons systems.Earlier this year, China imposed export controls on seven key rare earths and related products in response to US tariff escalations. These restrictions, which affected elements such as samarium, dysprosium, and gadolinium, created significant bottlenecks for global manufacturers, particularly in the automotive sector.&nbsp;The impact was swift and deep: Chinese customs data revealed that US imports of rare earths dropped 37 per cent in April, while rare earth magnet imports fell by over 50 per cent.The Geneva truce in May temporarily eased tensions by reducing US tariffs from 145 per cent to 30 per cent and Chinese duties from 125 per cent to 10 per cent. However, the apparent stall in Beijing’s efforts to roll back its rare earth export controls led to renewed friction. The London agreement was widely seen as an effort to stabilise the situation before the tariff pause expired.<h2>Structural barriers and strategic deadlock</h2>Despite the temporary nature of the latest deal, structural issues remain entrenched. China’s control over the rare earth supply chain is backed by decades of investment, state support, and aggressive pricing strategies that forced global competitors out of business.&nbsp;Efforts by Western countries to diversify supply chains have made limited progress. Export licences issued by Beijing often apply to single shipments or are valid for only six months, making long-term planning difficult for manufacturers.Experts note that Beijing’s licensing regime, once seen as a retaliatory measure, is now being institutionalised as a permanent feature of China’s trade policy. This allows China to deter rare earth stockpiling by US firms and maintain strategic leverage in future negotiations.Furthermore, China has expanded its export control framework to other critical minerals such as tungsten, essential for semiconductor and military-grade tools. These moves, combined with the US’s continued efforts to curb China’s access to advanced AI technologies, signal a decoupling trend that extends beyond trade into strategic and technological spheres.While the US has secured some concessions, analysts remain sceptical about the prospects of a lasting resolution. Chinese commentators, including those at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, warn that the fundamental trade imbalance and broader geopolitical mistrust may prevent any comprehensive agreement during President Trump’s current term.In the meantime, industries reliant on rare earths, especially automotive, aerospace, and defence, are bracing for continued volatility. With Beijing unlikely to relinquish its dominance and Washington unwilling to compromise on technology exports, the London truce appears more like a tactical pause than a strategic breakthrough. (With inputs from agencies)

At the London discussions, Chinese negotiators reportedly linked progress on easing restrictions on rare-earth magnets with the longstanding US controls on AI chip exports.

The latest round of US-China trade talks concluded in London with both sides declaring a new truce, but key issues surrounding national security-linked export controls remain unresolved, casting a shadow over hopes for a comprehensive long-term agreement. While US President Donald Trump hailed the deal as a “great success”, people familiar with the matter confirmed to Reuters that the compromise excludes crucial components like military-grade rare earth exports and advanced technology restrictions. According to two individuals briefed on the negotiations, Beijing has yet to commit to lifting its export restrictions on certain specialised rare-earth magnets essential to US military suppliers, particularly those used in fighter jets and missile systems. In parallel, the US maintains its export curbs on cutting-edge AI chips that it fears could have military applications in China. This unresolved tension forms a significant obstacle to any broader trade resolution. At the London discussions, Chinese negotiators reportedly linked progress on easing restrictions on rare-earth magnets with the longstanding US controls on AI chip exports. This marked a shift from the original trade dialogue, which had centred on tariff adjustments and China’s trade surplus. The emerging focus on export controls, especially in sectors vital to defence and next-generation technologies, signals a deeper strategic competition between the two powers. Limited gains on rare earths and tariff relief Although both sides emerged from the talks with what they described as a framework to de-escalate trade tensions, key concessions remain narrow in scope. China has agreed to expedite the approval of export licences for rare earths bound for non-military US manufacturers. These fast-track approvals are expected to be valid for six months and would apply to companies seen as “trusted” by Beijing. Additionally, a “green channel” has been proposed to facilitate smoother processing for select US firms. Chinese rare-earth magnet producer JL MAG Rare-Earth confirmed it had received export licences that included shipments to the United States, while the Chinese Commerce Ministry acknowledged approval of compliant applications. However, rare earth elements like samarium—vital for military applications—remain excluded from this arrangement. Automakers, who primarily use dysprosium and terbium in electric motors and braking systems, will benefit more directly from the current terms than the defence industry. Meanwhile, US officials indicated plans to extend existing tariffs on China by another 90 days beyond the August 10 deadline agreed in Geneva, signalling that a more permanent agreement is not expected before then. Rare earths as strategic leverage Rare earth elements—17 minerals crucial to modern manufacturing—have emerged as a strategic bargaining chip in the ongoing trade conflict. China mines around 70 per cent of the world’s rare earths and processes nearly 90 per cent, giving it a near-monopoly in this domain. Beijing’s dominance also extends to related products such as rare earth magnets, which are critical not only to the auto and electronics industries but also to advanced weapons systems. Earlier this year, China imposed export controls on seven key rare earths and related products in response to US tariff escalations. These restrictions, which affected elements such as samarium, dysprosium, and gadolinium, created significant bottlenecks for global manufacturers, particularly in the automotive sector. The impact was swift and deep: Chinese customs data revealed that US imports of rare earths dropped 37 per cent in April, while rare earth magnet imports fell by over 50 per cent. The Geneva truce in May temporarily eased tensions by reducing US tariffs from 145 per cent to 30 per cent and Chinese duties from 125 per cent to 10 per cent. However, the apparent stall in Beijing’s efforts to roll back its rare earth export controls led to renewed friction. The London agreement was widely seen as an effort to stabilise the situation before the tariff pause expired. Structural barriers and strategic deadlock Despite the temporary nature of the latest deal, structural issues remain entrenched. China’s control over the rare earth supply chain is backed by decades of investment, state support, and aggressive pricing strategies that forced global competitors out of business. Efforts by Western countries to diversify supply chains have made limited progress. Export licences issued by Beijing often apply to single shipments or are valid for only six months, making long-term planning difficult for manufacturers. Experts note that Beijing’s licensing regime, once seen as a retaliatory measure, is now being institutionalised as a permanent feature of China’s trade policy. This allows China to deter rare earth stockpiling by US firms and maintain strategic leverage in future negotiations. Furthermore, China has expanded its export control framework to other critical minerals such as tungsten, essential for semiconductor and military-grade tools. These moves, combined with the US’s continued efforts to curb China’s access to advanced AI technologies, signal a decoupling trend that extends beyond trade into strategic and technological spheres. While the US has secured some concessions, analysts remain sceptical about the prospects of a lasting resolution. Chinese commentators, including those at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, warn that the fundamental trade imbalance and broader geopolitical mistrust may prevent any comprehensive agreement during President Trump’s current term. In the meantime, industries reliant on rare earths, especially automotive, aerospace, and defence, are bracing for continued volatility. With Beijing unlikely to relinquish its dominance and Washington unwilling to compromise on technology exports, the London truce appears more like a tactical pause than a strategic breakthrough. (With inputs from agencies)

At the London discussions, Chinese negotiators reportedly linked progress on easing restrictions on rare-earth magnets with the longstanding US controls on AI chip exports.

US-China trade truce leaves rare earths issue unresolved

Top trade negotiators from the United States and China are meeting in London on June 9 in a high-stakes bid to defuse rising tensions between the world’s two largest economies.The talks come after a brief thaw in Geneva last month and a phone call between President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping last week, signalling a potential path back to cooperation.The meeting in London, hosted at an undisclosed venue, includes US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, and Trade Representative Jamieson Greer. They are set to meet a Chinese delegation led by Vice Premier He Lifeng.The negotiations aim to rescue a 90-day tariff truce agreed upon in Geneva, which has since been marred by mutual recriminations and renewed hostilities.The UK, while not directly involved in the negotiations, welcomed the talks. “We are a nation that champions free trade and have always been clear that a trade war is in nobody’s interests,” a UK government spokesperson said on June 8.<h2>Rare earths and export controls at the heart of dispute</h2>Central to the impasse is China’s dominance over rare earth elements—vital for manufacturing smartphones, electric vehicles (EVs), military equipment, and semiconductors.Beijing recently restricted exports of seven rare earth elements, citing the need for tighter licensing, which disrupted global supply chains. The US responded with strong criticism, accusing China of violating the Geneva agreement.President Trump, however, sounded optimistic after his recent call with Xi, claiming the Chinese leader had agreed to resume rare earth shipments.“We want the rare earths, the magnets that are crucial for cell phones and everything else to flow just as they did before,” National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett told CBS on June 8.China’s Commerce Ministry confirmed it had approved some export licences, though without detailing specific recipients or sectors.<h2>Technology, tariffs, and student visas add to the strain</h2>The trade war, initially characterised by tit-for-tat tariffs that reached as high as 145 per cent, has now spilled into technology and education.A US Commerce Department guidance issued just days after the Geneva meeting warned that chips from Chinese tech giant Huawei could violate US export restrictions, reigniting tensions.The Chinese government was quick to condemn the move. “The Chinese side urges the US side to immediately correct its erroneous practices,” said a spokesperson from China’s Ministry of Commerce.Another sore point has emerged around US policy changes affecting Chinese students. A US announcement to revoke visas of students linked to the Chinese Communist Party or those studying in sensitive fields further agitated Beijing. China labelled it a unilateral provocation that undermines the spirit of the Geneva agreement.<h2>Market optimism tempered by geopolitical uncertainty</h2>Financial markets opened the week on a positive note, buoyed by Friday’s US jobs report and optimism surrounding the London talks.The MSCI Asia-Pacific Index rose 0.5 per cent, Japan’s Nikkei gained 0.9 per cent, and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index climbed 1.3 per cent, breaching the 24,000-point mark for the first time since March.On Wall Street, stocks had already surged on June 6 after the Labor Department reported the US added 139,000 jobs in May, modestly ahead of expectations. Investors are now watching closely for inflation data set to release on June 11, which could influence the Federal Reserve’s interest rate trajectory.Despite the positive momentum, analysts remain cautious. “Signs of further momentum in talks could give the markets a fresh boost to kick off the week,” Kyle Rodda of Capital.com told AFP. But he also noted, “Trade policy will remain the big macro uncertainty.”<h2>Challenges beyond trade</h2>Even if the June 9 discussions produce some progress, deeper issues continue to threaten long-term resolution. These include US complaints about China’s state-led economic model, Beijing’s posture toward Taiwan, and tensions over the illicit fentanyl trade.The outcome of this new round of talks could determine whether Washington and Beijing are able to stabilise their fractious relationship or spiral into a renewed trade war.Trump’s reprieve on tariffs is set to expire in August, and without a firm deal, he has threatened to restore duties to the high levels set earlier this year.While the US seeks clarity on rare earths and export controls, China is pushing for a rollback of technology restrictions and assurances over market access. Both sides appear willing to talk, but with vastly different expectations, the road to resolution remains long and uncertain.

While the US seeks clarity on rare earths and export controls, China is pushing for a rollback of technology restrictions and assurances over market access.

Top trade negotiators from the United States and China are meeting in London on June 9 in a high-stakes bid to defuse rising tensions between the world’s two largest economies. The talks come after a brief thaw in Geneva last month and a phone call between President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping last week, signalling a potential path back to cooperation. The meeting in London, hosted at an undisclosed venue, includes US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, and Trade Representative Jamieson Greer. They are set to meet a Chinese delegation led by Vice Premier He Lifeng. The negotiations aim to rescue a 90-day tariff truce agreed upon in Geneva, which has since been marred by mutual recriminations and renewed hostilities. The UK, while not directly involved in the negotiations, welcomed the talks. “We are a nation that champions free trade and have always been clear that a trade war is in nobody’s interests,” a UK government spokesperson said on June 8. Rare earths and export controls at the heart of dispute Central to the impasse is China’s dominance over rare earth elements—vital for manufacturing smartphones, electric vehicles (EVs), military equipment, and semiconductors. Beijing recently restricted exports of seven rare earth elements, citing the need for tighter licensing, which disrupted global supply chains. The US responded with strong criticism, accusing China of violating the Geneva agreement. President Trump, however, sounded optimistic after his recent call with Xi, claiming the Chinese leader had agreed to resume rare earth shipments. “We want the rare earths, the magnets that are crucial for cell phones and everything else to flow just as they did before,” National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett told CBS on June 8. China’s Commerce Ministry confirmed it had approved some export licences, though without detailing specific recipients or sectors. Technology, tariffs, and student visas add to the strain The trade war, initially characterised by tit-for-tat tariffs that reached as high as 145 per cent, has now spilled into technology and education. A US Commerce Department guidance issued just days after the Geneva meeting warned that chips from Chinese tech giant Huawei could violate US export restrictions, reigniting tensions. The Chinese government was quick to condemn the move. “The Chinese side urges the US side to immediately correct its erroneous practices,” said a spokesperson from China’s Ministry of Commerce. Another sore point has emerged around US policy changes affecting Chinese students. A US announcement to revoke visas of students linked to the Chinese Communist Party or those studying in sensitive fields further agitated Beijing. China labelled it a unilateral provocation that undermines the spirit of the Geneva agreement. Market optimism tempered by geopolitical uncertainty Financial markets opened the week on a positive note, buoyed by Friday’s US jobs report and optimism surrounding the London talks. The MSCI Asia-Pacific Index rose 0.5 per cent, Japan’s Nikkei gained 0.9 per cent, and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index climbed 1.3 per cent, breaching the 24,000-point mark for the first time since March. On Wall Street, stocks had already surged on June 6 after the Labor Department reported the US added 139,000 jobs in May, modestly ahead of expectations. Investors are now watching closely for inflation data set to release on June 11, which could influence the Federal Reserve’s interest rate trajectory. Despite the positive momentum, analysts remain cautious. “Signs of further momentum in talks could give the markets a fresh boost to kick off the week,” Kyle Rodda of Capital.com told AFP. But he also noted, “Trade policy will remain the big macro uncertainty.” Challenges beyond trade Even if the June 9 discussions produce some progress, deeper issues continue to threaten long-term resolution. These include US complaints about China’s state-led economic model, Beijing’s posture toward Taiwan, and tensions over the illicit fentanyl trade. The outcome of this new round of talks could determine whether Washington and Beijing are able to stabilise their fractious relationship or spiral into a renewed trade war. Trump’s reprieve on tariffs is set to expire in August, and without a firm deal, he has threatened to restore duties to the high levels set earlier this year. While the US seeks clarity on rare earths and export controls, China is pushing for a rollback of technology restrictions and assurances over market access. Both sides appear willing to talk, but with vastly different expectations, the road to resolution remains long and uncertain.

While the US seeks clarity on rare earths and export controls, China is pushing for a rollback of technology restrictions and assurances over market access.

Rare earths, visas and chips take the center stage as US-China resume trade talks in London

China's chief intelligence agency posted on social media a comic strip featuring foreign-looking characters secretly extracting rare earths, in a story portraying the country's strategic metals under threat from covetous "overseas organisations".

The comic strip, published on Sunday on the State Security Ministry's official WeChat account, showed security officers uncovering "suspicious" exploration and mapping activities by a group of people supposedly doing survey work for real estate development.

No foreign government or agencies were named in the comic strip, and the ministry did not specify any measures to counter foreign 'interest'&nbsp;in China's rare earths.

The ministry could not be reached for further comment.

China, the world's largest producer of rare earths accounting for nearly 90% of global refined output, last year introduced restrictions on exports of the elements&nbsp;germanium and gallium, used widely in the chip-making sector, citing the need to protect national security and interests.

It also banned the export of&nbsp;technology&nbsp;to make rare earth magnets, in addition to a ban on technology to extract and separate rare earths.

The restrictions have fanned fears that the supply of rare earths might ignite tensions with the West, particularly the United States, which accuses China of using economic coercion to influence other countries. Beijing denies the claim.

The United States has previously imposed restrictions on China's access to advanced chips and chip-making tools that could fuel breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and sophisticated computers for its military.

The demand for rare earths, used widely in lasers, military equipment and consumer electronics, has&nbsp;grown with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, wind power and inverter air conditioners.

"As technology grows in leaps and bounds, some primary minerals have become rare strategic resources," a police character in the comic said.

"China boasts rich resources of these minerals. Overseas organisations have already had their eyes on them."

Set in fictional Xishan Mining Area - described as an area rich in critical and scarce mineral deposits that could bring breakthroughs in super-semiconductor technology - the comic depicts two officers that were sent to the area undercover as lost hikers to gather information.

State-controlled Global Times described the comic as underscoring the importance of safeguarding key mineral resources as China-U.S. trade frictions and global geopolitical tensions have turned the global competition for rare earths into an issue of national security.

The newspaper said the United States, Japan and the European Union, among others, have for a long time "coveted China's rare earth mineral resources".

"They have even resorted to infiltration, bribery, and espionage to achieve their goals," Global Times said, quoting Li Baiyang, an associate professor of intelligence studies at Nanjing University.

China's chief intelligence agency posted on social media a comic strip featuring foreign-looking characters secretly extracting rare earths, in a story portraying the country's strategic metals under threat from covetous "overseas organisations".

China's chief intelligence agency posted on social media a comic strip featuring foreign-looking characters secretly extracting rare earths, in a story portraying the country's strategic metals under threat from covetous "overseas organisations". The comic strip, published on Sunday on the State Security Ministry's official WeChat account, showed security officers uncovering "suspicious" exploration and mapping activities by a group of people supposedly doing survey work for real estate development. No foreign government or agencies were named in the comic strip, and the ministry did not specify any measures to counter foreign 'interest' in China's rare earths. The ministry could not be reached for further comment. China, the world's largest producer of rare earths accounting for nearly 90% of global refined output, last year introduced restrictions on exports of the elements germanium and gallium, used widely in the chip-making sector, citing the need to protect national security and interests. It also banned the export of technology to make rare earth magnets, in addition to a ban on technology to extract and separate rare earths. The restrictions have fanned fears that the supply of rare earths might ignite tensions with the West, particularly the United States, which accuses China of using economic coercion to influence other countries. Beijing denies the claim. The United States has previously imposed restrictions on China's access to advanced chips and chip-making tools that could fuel breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and sophisticated computers for its military. The demand for rare earths, used widely in lasers, military equipment and consumer electronics, has grown with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, wind power and inverter air conditioners. "As technology grows in leaps and bounds, some primary minerals have become rare strategic resources," a police character in the comic said. "China boasts rich resources of these minerals. Overseas organisations have already had their eyes on them." Set in fictional Xishan Mining Area - described as an area rich in critical and scarce mineral deposits that could bring breakthroughs in super-semiconductor technology - the comic depicts two officers that were sent to the area undercover as lost hikers to gather information. State-controlled Global Times described the comic as underscoring the importance of safeguarding key mineral resources as China-U.S. trade frictions and global geopolitical tensions have turned the global competition for rare earths into an issue of national security. The newspaper said the United States, Japan and the European Union, among others, have for a long time "coveted China's rare earth mineral resources". "They have even resorted to infiltration, bribery, and espionage to achieve their goals," Global Times said, quoting Li Baiyang, an associate professor of intelligence studies at Nanjing University.

China, in comic strip, warns of ‘overseas’ threats to its rare earths

In a move to safeguard its dominance in the rare earths sector, China, the world's leading processor of these critical materials, has officially prohibited the export of technology crucial for extracting and separating rare earths. <o:p></o:p>

According to Reuters, the ban, announced on Thursday, is anticipated to have an impact on "heavy rare earths," vital for electric vehicle (EV) motors, medical devices, and weaponry, where China currently holds a virtual monopoly. Rare earths, a group of 17 metals, are indispensable for manufacturing magnets used in EVs, wind turbines, and electronics.<o:p></o:p>

China's commerce ministry-initiated discussions in December last year, seeking public input on the potential addition of this technology to its "Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited and Restricted from Export." <o:p></o:p>

The move aligns with the country's broader efforts to tighten regulations on the export of critical minerals, citing national security and public interest as primary objectives. <o:p></o:p>

Reuters cited Nathan Picarsic, the co-founder of the geopolitical consulting firm Horizon Advisory, who highlighted the significance of this development, stating, "This should be a clarion call that dependence on China in any part of the value chain is not sustainable." <o:p></o:p>

The ban underscores China's commitment to maintaining its market dominance, sparking concerns and intensifying the global race to secure alternative rare earth processing capabilities.<o:p></o:p>

As China asserts control over its rare earth technology, the West faces challenges in reducing dependence on Chinese rare earths, constituting nearly 90 per cent of global refined output. Western countries, including the US and Europe, are striving to establish their rare earth processing operations. <o:p></o:p>

The struggle is particularly pronounced in heavy rare earths, where China excels and has recently banned the export of production technology for rare earth metals, alloy materials, and certain rare earth magnets.<o:p></o:p>

Shares of MP Materials, a Western rare earth company, surged more than 10 per cent following China's announcement. MP Materials has been gradually increasing rare earth processing in California. Ucore Rare Metals, another player in the sector, reported the completion of commissioning a facility for testing its rare earths processing technology, partly funded by the US Department of Defence.<o:p></o:p>

Experts suggest that the ban's impact may impede the development of heavy rare earth separation capacity outside China. While the West is making strides in processing "light" rare earths, including neodymium and praseodymium, the challenge remains in reducing reliance on China for critical elements like dysprosium.<o:p></o:p>

(With inputs from Reuters)<o:p></o:p>

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In a move to safeguard its dominance in the rare earths sector, China, the world's leading processor of these critical materials, has officially prohibited the export of technology crucial for extracting and separating rare earths.

In a move to safeguard its dominance in the rare earths sector, China, the world's leading processor of these critical materials, has officially prohibited the export of technology crucial for extracting and separating rare earths. According to Reuters, the ban, announced on Thursday, is anticipated to have an impact on "heavy rare earths," vital for electric vehicle (EV) motors, medical devices, and weaponry, where China currently holds a virtual monopoly. Rare earths, a group of 17 metals, are indispensable for manufacturing magnets used in EVs, wind turbines, and electronics. China's commerce ministry-initiated discussions in December last year, seeking public input on the potential addition of this technology to its "Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited and Restricted from Export." The move aligns with the country's broader efforts to tighten regulations on the export of critical minerals, citing national security and public interest as primary objectives. Reuters cited Nathan Picarsic, the co-founder of the geopolitical consulting firm Horizon Advisory, who highlighted the significance of this development, stating, "This should be a clarion call that dependence on China in any part of the value chain is not sustainable." The ban underscores China's commitment to maintaining its market dominance, sparking concerns and intensifying the global race to secure alternative rare earth processing capabilities. As China asserts control over its rare earth technology, the West faces challenges in reducing dependence on Chinese rare earths, constituting nearly 90 per cent of global refined output. Western countries, including the US and Europe, are striving to establish their rare earth processing operations. The struggle is particularly pronounced in heavy rare earths, where China excels and has recently banned the export of production technology for rare earth metals, alloy materials, and certain rare earth magnets. Shares of MP Materials, a Western rare earth company, surged more than 10 per cent following China's announcement. MP Materials has been gradually increasing rare earth processing in California. Ucore Rare Metals, another player in the sector, reported the completion of commissioning a facility for testing its rare earths processing technology, partly funded by the US Department of Defence. Experts suggest that the ban's impact may impede the development of heavy rare earth separation capacity outside China. While the West is making strides in processing "light" rare earths, including neodymium and praseodymium, the challenge remains in reducing reliance on China for critical elements like dysprosium. (With inputs from Reuters) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

China tightens grip on rare earths industry, bans key technology exports for national security

WION's Business Desk brings you this daily round-up of global stories from the world of business and economy.<o:p></o:p>

Renowned economist Robert Solow, Nobel laureate in tech-driven growth, passes away at 99<o:p></o:p>

Robert Solow, the distinguished economics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) renowned for his groundbreaking work linking technology to economic growth, has died at the age of 99.<o:p></o:p>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/renowned-economist-robert-solow-nobel-laureate-in-tech-driven-growth-passes-away-at-99-672385">Read more here</a><o:p></o:p>

China tightens grip on rare earths industry, bans key technology exports for national security<o:p></o:p>

In a move to safeguard its dominance in the rare earths sector, China, the world's leading processor of these critical materials, has officially prohibited the export of technology crucial for extracting and separating rare earths.<o:p></o:p>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/china-tightens-grip-on-rare-earths-industry-bans-key-technology-exports-for-national-security-672401">Read more here</a><o:p></o:p>

Diplomatic Thaw: South Korea and Japan renew economic talks after eight-year hiatus<o:p></o:p>

South Korea and Japan engaged in high-level economic talks on Thursday, marking the resumption of discussions that had been stalled for eight years.<o:p></o:p>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/diplomatic-thaw-south-korea-and-japan-renew-economic-talks-after-eight-year-hiatus-672408">Read more here</a><o:p></o:p>

Walmart boosts Indian e-commerce giant Flipkart with $600 mn infusion in latest funding round<o:p></o:p>

Walmart, the largest shareholder in Indian e-commerce powerhouse Flipkart, is gearing up to invest around $600 million in the latest fundraise for the start-up, according to a Flipkart spokesperson.<o:p></o:p>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/walmart-boosts-indian-e-commerce-giant-flipkart-with-600-mn-infusion-in-latest-funding-round-672417">Read more here</a><o:p></o:p>

Nike cuts sales outlook and unveils $2 bn savings plan amid global economic uncertainty<o:p></o:p>

Sportswear giant Nike has revised its annual sales forecast downward, citing cautious consumer spending, weaker online business, and increased promotional activities.<o:p></o:p>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/nike-cuts-sales-outlook-and-unveils-2-bn-savings-plan-amid-global-economic-uncertainty-672426">Read more here</a>

Microsoft's Windows 10 end-of-support plan may lead to massive PC disposal<o:p></o:p>

Microsoft’s decision to cease support for the Windows 10 operating system could result in the disposal of approximately 240 million personal computers (PCs), potentially contributing to a significant increase in landfill waste, according to a report by Canalys Research.<o:p></o:p>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/microsofts-windows-10-end-of-support-plan-may-lead-to-massive-pc-disposal-672434">Read more here</a><o:p></o:p>

Honda recalls 4.5 mn vehicles globally over fuel pump concerns<o:p></o:p>

Honda Motor's American unit has initiated a global recall of approximately 4.5 million vehicles due to potential risks associated with fuel pump failure, according to the Japanese automaker.<o:p></o:p>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/honda-recalls-45-mn-vehicles-globally-over-fuel-pump-concerns-672439">Read more here</a><o:p></o:p>

BSNL suffers data breach, hacker posted some data on dark web: Report<o:p></o:p>

India's state-owned telecom operator Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) has reportedly suffered a data breach that puts at risk thousands of users.<o:p></o:p>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/bsnl-suffers-data-breach-hacker-posted-some-data-on-dark-web-report-672431">Read more here</a><o:p></o:p>

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WION's Business Desk brings you this daily round-up of global stories from the world of business and economy. Renowned economist Robert Solow, Nobel laureate in tech-driven growth, passes away at 99 Robert Solow, the distinguished economics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) renowned for his groundbreaking work linking technology to economic growth, has died at the age of 99.

WION's Business Desk brings you this daily round-up of global stories from the world of business and economy. Renowned economist Robert Solow, Nobel laureate in tech-driven growth, passes away at 99 Robert Solow, the distinguished economics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) renowned for his groundbreaking work linking technology to economic growth, has died at the age of 99. Read more here China tightens grip on rare earths industry, bans key technology exports for national security In a move to safeguard its dominance in the rare earths sector, China, the world's leading processor of these critical materials, has officially prohibited the export of technology crucial for extracting and separating rare earths. Read more here Diplomatic Thaw: South Korea and Japan renew economic talks after eight-year hiatus South Korea and Japan engaged in high-level economic talks on Thursday, marking the resumption of discussions that had been stalled for eight years. Read more here Walmart boosts Indian e-commerce giant Flipkart with $600 mn infusion in latest funding round Walmart, the largest shareholder in Indian e-commerce powerhouse Flipkart, is gearing up to invest around $600 million in the latest fundraise for the start-up, according to a Flipkart spokesperson. Read more here Nike cuts sales outlook and unveils $2 bn savings plan amid global economic uncertainty Sportswear giant Nike has revised its annual sales forecast downward, citing cautious consumer spending, weaker online business, and increased promotional activities. Read more here Microsoft's Windows 10 end-of-support plan may lead to massive PC disposal Microsoft’s decision to cease support for the Windows 10 operating system could result in the disposal of approximately 240 million personal computers (PCs), potentially contributing to a significant increase in landfill waste, according to a report by Canalys Research. Read more here Honda recalls 4.5 mn vehicles globally over fuel pump concerns Honda Motor's American unit has initiated a global recall of approximately 4.5 million vehicles due to potential risks associated with fuel pump failure, according to the Japanese automaker. Read more here BSNL suffers data breach, hacker posted some data on dark web: Report India's state-owned telecom operator Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) has reportedly suffered a data breach that puts at risk thousands of users. Read more here WATCH WION LIVE HERE

WION Business Wrap | China’s rare earth’s industry, Talks between Japan and South Korea & more

Scientists at a research institute in India's Hyderabad discovered light rare earth elements (REE) in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, about 2,000 km south of national capital New Delhi. All these elements are deemed essential components in the manufacturing of electronic devices, medical technology, clean energy, aerospace, automotive, and defence industries.

The discovery was made by Hyderabad-based National Geophysical Research Institute.

<h2>India rare earth elements discovery: What are they?</h2>

The light rare earth element minerals found in Ananthapur district include allanite, ceriate, thorite, columbite, tantalite, apatite, zircon, monazite, pyrochlore euxenite and fluorite.

<h2>What does it mean?</h2>

The discovery of these elements has implications for the country's electronics and clean energy sectors. This will reduce India's reliance on foreign imports of these critical minerals.

Rare earths are 15 elements referred in the lanthanide and Actinide series of the periodic table of elements.

<h2>How the discovery was made?</h2>

NGRI scientists were conducting a survey for non-traditional rocks like syenites when they made the significant discovery of the minerals in the lanthanide series.&nbsp;

NGRI scientist PV Sunder Raju said, "Zircon of varying shapes was observed in Reddypalle and Peddavadaguru villages."

ALSO WATCH |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nsYYxXPoak">Gravitas Plus: New Lithium reserve in J&amp;K | What does it mean for India?</a>

"The monazite grains showed high-order multiple colours with radial cracks within grains, suggestive of the presence of radioactive elements," he added.

Raju said that more feasibility studies will be conducted by deep drilling to learn more about these REEs.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-discovers-huge-deposits-of-lithium-critical-for-electric-mobility-560432">India discovers huge deposits of Lithium critical for electric mobility</a>

Earlier in February, India discovered 5.9 million tonnes of lithium reserves in Jammu and Kashmir.

Lithium is a non-ferrous metal and is one of the key components in Electric Vehicle batteries.

(With inputs from agencies) 
 
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Scientists at a research institute in India's Hyderabad discovered light rare earth elements (REE) in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, about 2,000 km south of national capital New Delhi.

Scientists at a research institute in India's Hyderabad discovered light rare earth elements (REE) in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, about 2,000 km south of national capital New Delhi. All these elements are deemed essential components in the manufacturing of electronic devices, medical technology, clean energy, aerospace, automotive, and defence industries. The discovery was made by Hyderabad-based National Geophysical Research Institute. India rare earth elements discovery: What are they? The light rare earth element minerals found in Ananthapur district include allanite, ceriate, thorite, columbite, tantalite, apatite, zircon, monazite, pyrochlore euxenite and fluorite. What does it mean? The discovery of these elements has implications for the country's electronics and clean energy sectors. This will reduce India's reliance on foreign imports of these critical minerals. Rare earths are 15 elements referred in the lanthanide and Actinide series of the periodic table of elements. How the discovery was made? NGRI scientists were conducting a survey for non-traditional rocks like syenites when they made the significant discovery of the minerals in the lanthanide series. NGRI scientist PV Sunder Raju said, "Zircon of varying shapes was observed in Reddypalle and Peddavadaguru villages." ALSO WATCH | Gravitas Plus: New Lithium reserve in J&K | What does it mean for India? "The monazite grains showed high-order multiple colours with radial cracks within grains, suggestive of the presence of radioactive elements," he added. Raju said that more feasibility studies will be conducted by deep drilling to learn more about these REEs. ALSO READ | India discovers huge deposits of Lithium critical for electric mobility Earlier in February, India discovered 5.9 million tonnes of lithium reserves in Jammu and Kashmir. Lithium is a non-ferrous metal and is one of the key components in Electric Vehicle batteries. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India discovers rare earth elements critical for self-reliance in defence, aerospace

Scientists this week announced advancement towards a superconductor material that could conduct electricity in everyday conditions. The breakthrough means a stunning transformation into any technology that uses electric energy. The breakthrough also means the opening of new possibilities for your phone, magnetically moving trains, and future fusion power plants.

A peer-reviewed accounting of the findings was published on Wednesday in the Nature journal.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/south-korean-scientists-create-an-artificial-sun-in-pursuit-of-unlimited-clean-energy-515686">South Korean scientists create an 'artificial sun' in pursuit of unlimited clean energy</a>

The new superconductor consists of lutetium, a rare earth metal, and hydrogen with a little bit of nitrogen mixed in. It needs to be compressed to a pressure of 145,000 pounds per square inch before it gains its superconducting prowess. That is about 10 times the pressure that is exerted at the bottom of the ocean’s deepest trenches. 
 
A team of physicists&nbsp;led by Ranga Dias, a physicist from the University of Rochester in New York, claims it might have cracked it. The team&nbsp;demonstrated a&nbsp;rare earth metal lutetium combined with hydrogen and nitrogen conducted electricity without resistance at 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) and around just 10,000 atmospheres of pressure, which may sound unusably high amount, but the physicists point out that even higher pressures are currently used in engineering processes such as chip manufacturing.

<h2>Why is it important?</h2>

It is important because the superconductors can now work at room temperature. Although superconductors have existed for nearly a century, their use was only feasible at unearthly, ultracold temperatures with limited applications if not negligible.

For decades, scientists have sought superconductors that work at room temperature, and their hunt appears to have achieved fruition.&nbsp; 
 
If the breakthrough is confirmed in subsequent tests, it would help create&nbsp;devices that do not waste energy on heat when producing a current and could be used to create more efficient computers; superior X-ray technology; and even more powerful nuclear reactors.

<h2>Why is there skepticism around discovery?</h2>

The skepticism is mainly for&nbsp;the fact that in 2020, a paper by a team of scientists describing a less practical superconducting material was retracted after scrutiny by a group of scientists about some of the data.

Superconductivity was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, a Dutch physicist, and his team in 1911.

ALSO WATCH |&nbsp;Battle for space in India's megacity: Climate change threatens to make the matter worse

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The first known superconductors required temperatures only a few degrees above absolute zero or minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. In the 1980s, physicists discovered high-temperature superconductors whose applicability was minimal in everyday life.&nbsp;

The latest discovery adds a luminous layer of applicability for the use of superconductors in everyday life. 
 
(With inputs from agencies) 
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Scientists this week announced advancement towards a superconductor material that could conduct electricity in everyday conditions. The breakthrough means a stunning transformation into any technology that uses electric energy.

Scientists this week announced advancement towards a superconductor material that could conduct electricity in everyday conditions. The breakthrough means a stunning transformation into any technology that uses electric energy. The breakthrough also means the opening of new possibilities for your phone, magnetically moving trains, and future fusion power plants. A peer-reviewed accounting of the findings was published on Wednesday in the Nature journal. ALSO READ | South Korean scientists create an 'artificial sun' in pursuit of unlimited clean energy The new superconductor consists of lutetium, a rare earth metal, and hydrogen with a little bit of nitrogen mixed in. It needs to be compressed to a pressure of 145,000 pounds per square inch before it gains its superconducting prowess. That is about 10 times the pressure that is exerted at the bottom of the ocean’s deepest trenches. A team of physicists led by Ranga Dias, a physicist from the University of Rochester in New York, claims it might have cracked it. The team demonstrated a rare earth metal lutetium combined with hydrogen and nitrogen conducted electricity without resistance at 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) and around just 10,000 atmospheres of pressure, which may sound unusably high amount, but the physicists point out that even higher pressures are currently used in engineering processes such as chip manufacturing. Why is it important? It is important because the superconductors can now work at room temperature. Although superconductors have existed for nearly a century, their use was only feasible at unearthly, ultracold temperatures with limited applications if not negligible. For decades, scientists have sought superconductors that work at room temperature, and their hunt appears to have achieved fruition. If the breakthrough is confirmed in subsequent tests, it would help create devices that do not waste energy on heat when producing a current and could be used to create more efficient computers; superior X-ray technology; and even more powerful nuclear reactors. Why is there skepticism around discovery? The skepticism is mainly for the fact that in 2020, a paper by a team of scientists describing a less practical superconducting material was retracted after scrutiny by a group of scientists about some of the data. Superconductivity was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, a Dutch physicist, and his team in 1911. ALSO WATCH | Battle for space in India's megacity: Climate change threatens to make the matter worse × The first known superconductors required temperatures only a few degrees above absolute zero or minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. In the 1980s, physicists discovered high-temperature superconductors whose applicability was minimal in everyday life. The latest discovery adds a luminous layer of applicability for the use of superconductors in everyday life. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Scientists achieve superconductivity breakthrough for next-age electrical transmission

In what can raise Europe's hopes of cutting it dependence on China, continent's largest known deposit of rare-earth elements has been found in Sweden. Rare-Earth elements are absolutely essential for the manufacture of electric vehicles and other products that are important in today's tech driven world.

LKAB, the Swedish mining group, said on Thursday (January 12) that the deposit contained more than one million tonnes of rare earth oxides. The deposit was found right next to LKAB's iron ore mine.

"This is the largest known deposit of rare earth elements in our part of the world, and it could become a significant building block for producing the critical raw materials that are absolutely crucial to enable the green transition," LKAB's chief executive Jan Mostrom said in a statement.

"We face a supply problem. Without mines, there can be no electric vehicles," Mostrom added.

Though this deposit is biggest in Europe, it is small compared to global deposits. The US Geological Survey has estimated that this deposit is less than one per cent of 120 million tonnes estimated to be present worldwide.

In 2021, the European Commission said that 98 percent of the rare earths used in the EU were imported from China, prompting Brussels to urge member states to develop their own extraction capacities.

LKAB's find was presented as a delegation from the European Commission visited Sweden, which took over the rotating EU presidency at the start of the year.

"Today, the EU is way too dependent on other countries for these materials," Swedish Energy Minister Ebba Busch told a press conference, pointing specifically to Russia and China.

"This must change. We must take responsibility for the raw material supply needed for the (green) transition," she added.

(With inputs from agencies)

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In what can raise Europe's hopes of cutting it dependence on China, continent's largest known deposit of rare-earth elements has been found in Sweden. Rare-Earth elements are absolutely essential for the manufacture of electric vehicles and other products that are important in today's tech driven world.

In what can raise Europe's hopes of cutting it dependence on China, continent's largest known deposit of rare-earth elements has been found in Sweden. Rare-Earth elements are absolutely essential for the manufacture of electric vehicles and other products that are important in today's tech driven world. LKAB, the Swedish mining group, said on Thursday (January 12) that the deposit contained more than one million tonnes of rare earth oxides. The deposit was found right next to LKAB's iron ore mine. "This is the largest known deposit of rare earth elements in our part of the world, and it could become a significant building block for producing the critical raw materials that are absolutely crucial to enable the green transition," LKAB's chief executive Jan Mostrom said in a statement. "We face a supply problem. Without mines, there can be no electric vehicles," Mostrom added. Though this deposit is biggest in Europe, it is small compared to global deposits. The US Geological Survey has estimated that this deposit is less than one per cent of 120 million tonnes estimated to be present worldwide. In 2021, the European Commission said that 98 percent of the rare earths used in the EU were imported from China, prompting Brussels to urge member states to develop their own extraction capacities. LKAB's find was presented as a delegation from the European Commission visited Sweden, which took over the rotating EU presidency at the start of the year. "Today, the EU is way too dependent on other countries for these materials," Swedish Energy Minister Ebba Busch told a press conference, pointing specifically to Russia and China. "This must change. We must take responsibility for the raw material supply needed for the (green) transition," she added. (With inputs from agencies) You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Sweden: One million tonnes of rare earths deposit found, largest in Europe

Swedish mining company LKAB said Thursday (January 12) that they have discovered Europe's largest known deposit of rare earth elements. The mining company noted that the earth elements are essential for the manufacturing of electric vehicles.&nbsp;The discovery is deemed a massive boost as it is expected to cut dependence on China. The mining group said that the deposit was right next to its iron ore mine, and it contained more than one million tonnes of rare earth oxides.&nbsp;

In a statement, LKAB's chief executive, Jan Mostrom said: "This is the largest known deposit of rare earth elements in our part of the world."&nbsp;

Mostrom further mentioned in the statement that the "rare earth" could become a significant building block for producing the "critical raw materials" that are absolutely crucial to enable the green transition.&nbsp;

The definition of "rare earth" is—any of a group of chemically similar metallic elements comprising 17 metals: scandium, yttrium, and the fifteen lanthanides. Despite the name, they are not especially rare, but they tend to occur together in nature and are difficult to separate from one another.&nbsp;

Mostrom added that "we face a supply problem. Without mines, there can be no electric vehicles". But the use of "rare earth" in batteries is the subject of much debate.&nbsp;

But will it really help in reducing the dependence on China? Maybe not. The European Commission said in 2021 that 98 per cent of the "rare earth" used in the EU were imported from China. Brussels then urged member states to develop their extraction capacities.&nbsp;

The recent find in Europe is said to be the biggest in Europe. But it remains small on a global scale. Overall, it represents less than one per cent of the 120 million tonnes estimated worldwide by the US Geological Survey.&nbsp;

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Swedish mining company LKAB said Thursday (January 12) that they have discovered Europe's largest known deposit of rare earth elements. The mining company noted that the earth elements are essential for the manufacturing of electric vehicles.

Swedish mining company LKAB said Thursday (January 12) that they have discovered Europe's largest known deposit of rare earth elements. The mining company noted that the earth elements are essential for the manufacturing of electric vehicles. The discovery is deemed a massive boost as it is expected to cut dependence on China. The mining group said that the deposit was right next to its iron ore mine, and it contained more than one million tonnes of rare earth oxides. In a statement, LKAB's chief executive, Jan Mostrom said: "This is the largest known deposit of rare earth elements in our part of the world." Mostrom further mentioned in the statement that the "rare earth" could become a significant building block for producing the "critical raw materials" that are absolutely crucial to enable the green transition. The definition of "rare earth" is—any of a group of chemically similar metallic elements comprising 17 metals: scandium, yttrium, and the fifteen lanthanides. Despite the name, they are not especially rare, but they tend to occur together in nature and are difficult to separate from one another. Mostrom added that "we face a supply problem. Without mines, there can be no electric vehicles". But the use of "rare earth" in batteries is the subject of much debate. But will it really help in reducing the dependence on China? Maybe not. The European Commission said in 2021 that 98 per cent of the "rare earth" used in the EU were imported from China. Brussels then urged member states to develop their extraction capacities. The recent find in Europe is said to be the biggest in Europe. But it remains small on a global scale. Overall, it represents less than one per cent of the 120 million tonnes estimated worldwide by the US Geological Survey. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Swedish company finds Europe's largest 'rare earth' deposit, to cut dependence on China

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