Former Nepal Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli made his first appearance days after a deadly protest in his country ousted him and forced him to flee. Attending an event at his private residence in the Gundu area of Bhaktapur district, KP Oli denied ordering shoot at sight orders at Gen Z protesters. He has also denied reports of him fleeing his country and slammed those who are spreading these rumours, stating that he will work towards the prosperity of his country based on 'constitutional provisions.' Further, he also explained that police were ordered to shoot below the knee and not on the chest and head; however, when he heard that protesters were shot and as many as 14 people had died, he attempted to save as many lives as possible. He asked where his fault was and claimed that the 'Gen Z government' is not based on constitutional provisions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Read More | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nepal-s-kp-oli-makes-first-public-appearance-after-alleging-infiltration-during-gen-z-protest-1758979323721">Nepal’s KP Oli makes first public appearance after alleging ‘infiltration’ during Gen Z protest</a><h2>What Oli said?</h2>Oli, in the event, said, “A rumour has been spread further naming me. People are incited to say, give me a gun, I will kill him; give me a sword, I will slaughter him; give me a drone, I will strike him... These things are being broadcast enthusiastically. But what role did I play?... After hearing about the news of the firing, I inquired about the situation... I was told that only the rubber bullets were fired. Later, I got to know that 14 people had died... I was asking how they were shot on the head? How can we stop it? I had that mindful thinking about measures to prevent the bloodshed and unfavourable situation in the nation. Those who are liable for the incidents would then blame it on KP Oli.”&nbsp;He also quashed reports of fleeing his country, stating, “I am hearing about various gossip that is going on from the government. Blocking the passports, what have they thought of (me)? The government of publicity, that we will hand over this country and flee abroad, what are they thinking? We have to make this country. We must make this country a constitutional and democratic one, and bring politics back on track. We will bring the rule of law to the country.”&nbsp;Read More | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indian-government-blames-sonam-wangchuk-for-violence-in-ladakh-protest-provocative-mentions-of-arab-spring-nepal-genz-protest-1758734937453">Indian government blames Sonam Wangchuk for violence in Ladakh protest: 'Provocative mentions of Arab Spring, Nepal GenZ protest'</a><h2>Nepal Protest</h2>Nepal has witnessed a youth-led protest over digital censorship that soon spiralled into a full-blown political crisis. Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli stepped down. Several ministers were assaulted, chased, and their homes were set afire by angry protesters. Rajyalaxmi Chitrakar, wife of former PM Jhalanath Khanal, died after her home was torched. Protesters also stormed and set fire to key government buildings, including Parliament, the PM’s residence, and the President’s house.&nbsp;Read More | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/from-teachers-agitation-to-pro-monarchy-march-what-led-to-deadly-nepal-protest-and-real-reason-for-genz-s-frustration-1757408771677">From teachers agitation to pro-monarchy march: What led to deadly Nepal protest and REAL reason for GenZ's frustration</a>&nbsp;While the trigger was a sweeping government move on September 4, when 26 social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Whatsapp and X were blocked, protesters, mostly youngsters, also came to the streets over rising corruption, a lack of accountability and inequality from the top echelons of the nation. Termed by many as the ‘Gen Z Protest’ or even the ‘Gen Z Revolution’, Nepal on Tuesday witnessed widespread unrest marked by vandalism, violent clashes, and assaults on public officials. At least 19 people were killed in a deadly clash between protesters and security forces in Nepal as protests intensified. Moreover, Nepali police said that more than 13,500 prisoners broke out of jails across the country during anti-government protests.

Former Nepal Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli made his first appearance days after a deadly protest in his country ousted him and forced him to flee. Attending an event at his private residence in the Gundu area of Bhaktapur district, KP Oli denied ordering shoot at sight orders 

Former Nepal Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli made his first appearance days after a deadly protest in his country ousted him and forced him to flee. Attending an event at his private residence in the Gundu area of Bhaktapur district, KP Oli denied ordering shoot at sight orders at Gen Z protesters. He has also denied reports of him fleeing his country and slammed those who are spreading these rumours, stating that he will work towards the prosperity of his country based on 'constitutional provisions.' Further, he also explained that police were ordered to shoot below the knee and not on the chest and head; however, when he heard that protesters were shot and as many as 14 people had died, he attempted to save as many lives as possible. He asked where his fault was and claimed that the 'Gen Z government' is not based on constitutional provisions. Read More | Nepal’s KP Oli makes first public appearance after alleging ‘infiltration’ during Gen Z protest What Oli said? Oli, in the event, said, “A rumour has been spread further naming me. People are incited to say, give me a gun, I will kill him; give me a sword, I will slaughter him; give me a drone, I will strike him... These things are being broadcast enthusiastically. But what role did I play?... After hearing about the news of the firing, I inquired about the situation... I was told that only the rubber bullets were fired. Later, I got to know that 14 people had died... I was asking how they were shot on the head? How can we stop it? I had that mindful thinking about measures to prevent the bloodshed and unfavourable situation in the nation. Those who are liable for the incidents would then blame it on KP Oli.” He also quashed reports of fleeing his country, stating, “I am hearing about various gossip that is going on from the government. Blocking the passports, what have they thought of (me)? The government of publicity, that we will hand over this country and flee abroad, what are they thinking? We have to make this country. We must make this country a constitutional and democratic one, and bring politics back on track. We will bring the rule of law to the country.” Read More | Indian government blames Sonam Wangchuk for violence in Ladakh protest: 'Provocative mentions of Arab Spring, Nepal GenZ protest' Nepal Protest Nepal has witnessed a youth-led protest over digital censorship that soon spiralled into a full-blown political crisis. Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli stepped down. Several ministers were assaulted, chased, and their homes were set afire by angry protesters. Rajyalaxmi Chitrakar, wife of former PM Jhalanath Khanal, died after her home was torched. Protesters also stormed and set fire to key government buildings, including Parliament, the PM’s residence, and the President’s house. Read More | From teachers agitation to pro-monarchy march: What led to deadly Nepal protest and REAL reason for GenZ's frustration While the trigger was a sweeping government move on September 4, when 26 social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Whatsapp and X were blocked, protesters, mostly youngsters, also came to the streets over rising corruption, a lack of accountability and inequality from the top echelons of the nation. Termed by many as the ‘Gen Z Protest’ or even the ‘Gen Z Revolution’, Nepal on Tuesday witnessed widespread unrest marked by vandalism, violent clashes, and assaults on public officials. At least 19 people were killed in a deadly clash between protesters and security forces in Nepal as protests intensified. Moreover, Nepali police said that more than 13,500 prisoners broke out of jails across the country during anti-government protests.

Former Nepal PM KP Sharma Oli appeared after deadly protests, denying shoot-at-sight orders and fleeing rumors. He stated police were instructed to shoot below the knee, not lethal areas, and condemned the Gen Z government as unconstitutional

'Will bring back rule of law': Ousted Nepal PM KP Oli in first appearance says 'didn't order firing on Gen Z protesters'

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had a conversation with Nepal's Interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki over the phone on Thursday (Sep 18). During the phone call, PM Modi extended condolences for the tragic loss of life during the recent protests in Nepal and offered support for the restoration of peace, stability and progress of the people of Nepal.&nbsp;"Had a warm conversation with Sushila Karki, Prime Minister of the Interim Government of Nepal. Conveyed heartfelt condolences on the recent tragic loss of lives and reaffirmed India’s steadfast support for her efforts to restore peace and stability. Also, I extended warm greetings to her and the people of Nepal on their National Day tomorrow," said PM Modi in a post on X.&nbsp;He also congratulated Karki on her appointment and conveyed best wishes on behalf of the people of India.&nbsp;While Prime Minister Karki thanked PM Modi for his support to Nepal and spoke of further strengthening ties between the two countries.&nbsp;Who is Sushila Karki?&nbsp;Nepal’s former chief justice, Sushila Karki, took oath as the interim prime minister in a ceremony at the President’s Office on September 12 and became the first woman prime minister of the country.&nbsp;Born on June 7, 1952 in Biratnagar, Nepal, Karki pursued her bachelors degree in Political science from the Banaras Hindu University in India in 1975. She then went on to pursue Law at Tribhuvan University in 1978.&nbsp;Karki created history in 2016 by becoming Nepal's first female chief justice. But the following year an impeachment motion was brought against her for “delivering biased verdicts” and interfering in the executive’s jurisdiction.&nbsp;Although Karki was automatically suspended during the investigation, she survived the impeachment as it failed to secure the necessary two-thirds majority. She retired in June 2017.&nbsp;She has also worked in the capacity of a justice of the Supreme Court, senior advocate, and law professor.&nbsp;

Nepal’s former chief justice, Sushila Karki, took oath as the interim prime minister in a ceremony at the President’s Office on September 12 and became the first woman prime minister of the country.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had a conversation with Nepal's Interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki over the phone on Thursday (Sep 18). During the phone call, PM Modi extended condolences for the tragic loss of life during the recent protests in Nepal and offered support for the restoration of peace, stability and progress of the people of Nepal. "Had a warm conversation with Sushila Karki, Prime Minister of the Interim Government of Nepal. Conveyed heartfelt condolences on the recent tragic loss of lives and reaffirmed India’s steadfast support for her efforts to restore peace and stability. Also, I extended warm greetings to her and the people of Nepal on their National Day tomorrow," said PM Modi in a post on X. He also congratulated Karki on her appointment and conveyed best wishes on behalf of the people of India. While Prime Minister Karki thanked PM Modi for his support to Nepal and spoke of further strengthening ties between the two countries. Who is Sushila Karki? Nepal’s former chief justice, Sushila Karki, took oath as the interim prime minister in a ceremony at the President’s Office on September 12 and became the first woman prime minister of the country. Born on June 7, 1952 in Biratnagar, Nepal, Karki pursued her bachelors degree in Political science from the Banaras Hindu University in India in 1975. She then went on to pursue Law at Tribhuvan University in 1978. Karki created history in 2016 by becoming Nepal's first female chief justice. But the following year an impeachment motion was brought against her for “delivering biased verdicts” and interfering in the executive’s jurisdiction. Although Karki was automatically suspended during the investigation, she survived the impeachment as it failed to secure the necessary two-thirds majority. She retired in June 2017. She has also worked in the capacity of a justice of the Supreme Court, senior advocate, and law professor.

Nepal’s former chief justice, Sushila Karki, took oath as the interim prime minister in a ceremony at the President’s Office on September 12 and became the first woman prime minister of the country.

Modi speaks to Nepal PM Sushila Karki over phone, says will help ‘restore peace and stability’ after Gen Z protest

The Nepal protests earlier this month brought attention to Bitchat, a decentralised messaging app launched by Twitter founder Jack Dorsey. The new kid on the chat world and launched only in July 2025, Bitchat played a crucial role in the Gen Z youth-led protests against government corruption, wealth inequality, and the September 4 ban on 26 major social media platforms including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, X, and YouTube. The ban, targeting platforms failing to register with the government, backfired spectacularly, fuelling outrage and leading to violent clashes that resulted in the resignation of the then prime minister KP Oli. Bitchat was used by the young protesters as internet access became unreliable.<h2>Protesters dodged internet curbs using WiFi and adopting apps like Bitchat</h2>To dodge government curbs, protesters used VPNs, whose sign-ups soared 6,000 within days, as well as 'offline apps' like Bitchat. Bitchat saw explosive adoption — from about 3,300 downloads on September 4 to over 48,000 by September 9, up nearly 1,400 per cent. At the peak of the protests, Nepal became the largest user base of Bitchat worldwide, accounting for more than 38 per cent of global installs, according to reports in tech media.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-new-pm-vows-to-follow-protesters-demand-to-end-corruption-wion-1757854207357/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-new-pm-vows-to-follow-protesters-demand-to-end-corruption-wion-1757854207357/embed</a><h2>How Nepal Gen Z protesters used Bitchat</h2>The protesters reportedly used Bitchat — which does not need WiFi or internet access — to coordinate rallies, share real-time updates on police movements, and organise logistics. They discussed the political future of Nepal, including potential interim leaders like former Chief Justice Sushila Karki, who eventually took over. Bitchat was used along with other platforms like Discord, where over 145,000 users debated governance in so-called "digital parliaments."Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/what-is-discord-inside-the-chat-app-tied-to-nepals-gen-z-protests-and-charlie-kirk-case-1757753105495">What is Discord? Inside the chat app tied to Nepal’s Gen Z protests and Charlie Kirk case</a><h2>How the 'offline' capabilities of Bitchat work: A censorship-resistant design</h2>In practice, Bitchat became the 'freedom tech' for the movement, allowing communication to persist even as traditional social media networks were blocked or surveilled.&nbsp;Highlighting this, Dorsey said that Bitchat is "there when you need it," while emphasising in his X post the spikes of installs for the app in Nepal and Indonesia, another recent protest hotspot.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/-lord-ram-s-birthplace-limpiyadhura-map-oli-issues-first-response-after-ouster-amid-nepal-protests-continues-anti-india-stance-1757517194596">'Lord Ram's birthplace, Limpiyadhura map': Oli issues first response after ouster amid Nepal protests, continues 'anti-India stance'</a><h2>How does Bitchat work without WiFi or the internet?</h2>Bitchat is among the so-called ‘decentralised internet’ apps and can function entirely offline.Its technology uses direct device-to-device communication as opposed to cellular networks, WiFi routers, or central servers.This is could make it an effective tool during protests, natural disasters, and in remote areas when traditional connectivity fails.There is no need for phone numbers, email, SIM cards, accounts, or personal data; users are anonymous by default. Here is a further breakdown on the technology of Bitchat:<h2>How Bluetooth activation and discovery of Bitchat works</h2>Bitchat works on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), a power-efficient version of Bluetooth designed for a typical range of 10–100 metres.&nbsp;It can connect with low battery drain.&nbsp;Bitchat automatically connects with fellow users and forms peer-to-peer (P2P) links without needing the internet.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/why-nepal-s-gen-z-will-financially-suffer-even-more-after-the-september-2025-revolution-1757584319437">Why Nepal’s Gen Z will financially suffer even more after the September 2025 revolution</a><h2>Mesh networking for message relay in Bitchat</h2>Bitchat uses "mesh networks," in which devices act as nodes in a web-like structure.&nbsp;Messages first go to nearby devices within BLE range and are then relayed or "hopped" through intermediate devices running Bitchat.This helps extend the range of messages to 300 metres or more in dense crowds, creating a dynamic, self-healing network. If one path fails, the message reroutes through others. Inspired by Bitcoin's P2P model and the Nostr protocol for censorship resistance, Bitchat is decentralised, meaning no single device controls it.<h2>Bitchat's 'store and forward' method of message delivery&nbsp;</h2>The "store-and-forward" model means messages in Bitchat aren't sent in real-time if the recipient is offline or out of range.The message is stored encrypted on intermediate devices until the recipient comes online or within range.&nbsp;Once delivered, messages can auto-delete (ephemeral by default) to enhance privacy.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nepal-protest-death-toll-mounts-to-51-and-more-than-12-500-prisoners-are-still-on-the-run-police-1757662440026">Nepal protest death toll mounts to 51 and more than 12,500 prisoners are still on the run: Police</a><h2>Encryption and security of Bitchat</h2>Every message undergoes end-to-end (E2E) encryption before transmission. Only the sender and recipient hold the keys and no one else, including relays, can read it.&nbsp;Features like password-protected "rooms" - which are group chats with hashtags - &nbsp;add layers. A "panic mode", &nbsp;allowing triple-tap to wipe data, protects users in high-risk situations.&nbsp;There's no data collection, tracking, or server involvement, reducing surveillance risks, according to the makers of the app.In essence, Bitchat turns smartphones into local ad-hoc networks, like how radios or walkie-talkies are used for communication, while equipped with modern encryption and scalability.&nbsp;While not a full replacement for social media, it works best in hyper-local, resilient communication when density of users is high.&nbsp;

Bitchat, a brand new decentralised chat app, played a key role in Nepal's Gen Z-led protests by enabling secure, offline communication amid internet blackouts and social media bans. It allowed protesters to stay connected without WiFi, SIM cards, or servers. But how?

The Nepal protests earlier this month brought attention to Bitchat, a decentralised messaging app launched by Twitter founder Jack Dorsey. The new kid on the chat world and launched only in July 2025, Bitchat played a crucial role in the Gen Z youth-led protests against government corruption, wealth inequality, and the September 4 ban on 26 major social media platforms including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, X, and YouTube. The ban, targeting platforms failing to register with the government, backfired spectacularly, fuelling outrage and leading to violent clashes that resulted in the resignation of the then prime minister KP Oli. Bitchat was used by the young protesters as internet access became unreliable. Protesters dodged internet curbs using WiFi and adopting apps like Bitchat To dodge government curbs, protesters used VPNs, whose sign-ups soared 6,000 within days, as well as 'offline apps' like Bitchat. Bitchat saw explosive adoption — from about 3,300 downloads on September 4 to over 48,000 by September 9, up nearly 1,400 per cent. At the peak of the protests, Nepal became the largest user base of Bitchat worldwide, accounting for more than 38 per cent of global installs, according to reports in tech media. https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-new-pm-vows-to-follow-protesters-demand-to-end-corruption-wion-1757854207357/embed How Nepal Gen Z protesters used Bitchat The protesters reportedly used Bitchat — which does not need WiFi or internet access — to coordinate rallies, share real-time updates on police movements, and organise logistics. They discussed the political future of Nepal, including potential interim leaders like former Chief Justice Sushila Karki, who eventually took over. Bitchat was used along with other platforms like Discord, where over 145,000 users debated governance in so-called "digital parliaments." Also read: What is Discord? Inside the chat app tied to Nepal’s Gen Z protests and Charlie Kirk case How the 'offline' capabilities of Bitchat work: A censorship-resistant design In practice, Bitchat became the 'freedom tech' for the movement, allowing communication to persist even as traditional social media networks were blocked or surveilled. Highlighting this, Dorsey said that Bitchat is "there when you need it," while emphasising in his X post the spikes of installs for the app in Nepal and Indonesia, another recent protest hotspot. Also read: 'Lord Ram's birthplace, Limpiyadhura map': Oli issues first response after ouster amid Nepal protests, continues 'anti-India stance' How does Bitchat work without WiFi or the internet? Bitchat is among the so-called ‘decentralised internet’ apps and can function entirely offline. Its technology uses direct device-to-device communication as opposed to cellular networks, WiFi routers, or central servers. This is could make it an effective tool during protests, natural disasters, and in remote areas when traditional connectivity fails. There is no need for phone numbers, email, SIM cards, accounts, or personal data; users are anonymous by default. Here is a further breakdown on the technology of Bitchat: How Bluetooth activation and discovery of Bitchat works Bitchat works on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), a power-efficient version of Bluetooth designed for a typical range of 10–100 metres. It can connect with low battery drain. Bitchat automatically connects with fellow users and forms peer-to-peer (P2P) links without needing the internet. Also read: Why Nepal’s Gen Z will financially suffer even more after the September 2025 revolution Mesh networking for message relay in Bitchat Bitchat uses "mesh networks," in which devices act as nodes in a web-like structure. Messages first go to nearby devices within BLE range and are then relayed or "hopped" through intermediate devices running Bitchat. This helps extend the range of messages to 300 metres or more in dense crowds, creating a dynamic, self-healing network. If one path fails, the message reroutes through others. Inspired by Bitcoin's P2P model and the Nostr protocol for censorship resistance, Bitchat is decentralised, meaning no single device controls it. Bitchat's 'store and forward' method of message delivery The "store-and-forward" model means messages in Bitchat aren't sent in real-time if the recipient is offline or out of range. The message is stored encrypted on intermediate devices until the recipient comes online or within range. Once delivered, messages can auto-delete (ephemeral by default) to enhance privacy. Also read: Nepal protest death toll mounts to 51 and more than 12,500 prisoners are still on the run: Police Encryption and security of Bitchat Every message undergoes end-to-end (E2E) encryption before transmission. Only the sender and recipient hold the keys and no one else, including relays, can read it. Features like password-protected "rooms" - which are group chats with hashtags - add layers. A "panic mode", allowing triple-tap to wipe data, protects users in high-risk situations. There's no data collection, tracking, or server involvement, reducing surveillance risks, according to the makers of the app. In essence, Bitchat turns smartphones into local ad-hoc networks, like how radios or walkie-talkies are used for communication, while equipped with modern encryption and scalability. While not a full replacement for social media, it works best in hyper-local, resilient communication when density of users is high.

Bitchat, a brand new decentralised chat app, played a key role in Nepal's Gen Z-led protests by enabling secure, offline communication amid internet blackouts and social media bans. It allowed protesters to stay connected without WiFi, SIM cards, or servers. But how?

Bitchat in Nepal protests: App from Twitter founder Dorsey works without internet, helped Gen Z dodge social media ban, blackouts. How does it work?

The eight major political parties in Nepal have rejected the dissolution of the parliament as unconstitutional and a breach of parliamentary tradition and demanded that President Ram Chandra Poudel reinstate the House he dissolved after deadly anti-corruption protests. In a duly signed statement, eight parties, including the Nepali Congress, CPN-UML, and Maoist Centre, said President Ram Chandra Poudel had acted unconstitutionally.Poudel dissolved the House of Representatives on Friday night on the recommendation of the newly appointed interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki. The dissolution of the parliament was also a key demand of the Gen Z protest movement.&nbsp;The statement demanding the reinstatement of the parliament was signed by the respective chief whips of the eight political parties that were represented in Nepal’s dissolved House of Representatives, said a Kathmandu Post report.&nbsp;They argued that the dissolution step taken by the president was unconstitutional and against the precedents set by Nepal’s judiciary.&nbsp;<h2>‘Move undermines people’s mandate’</h2>&nbsp;In a joint statement, the Nepali Congress, CPN-UML, CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), Janata Samajbadi Party, Loktantrik Samajbadi Party, Nepal Workers and Peasants Party, and Janamat Party demanded that the decision be reversed immediately. They said the move undermined the supremacy of the constitution and devalued the people’s mandate.The statement from the eight parties cited Article 76(7) of the constitution and past Supreme Court rulings, saying the president’s step violated established constitutional practice.“This move not only undermines the people’s mandate but also strikes at the very supremacy of the constitution,” the statement said.&nbsp;The parties warned that Nepal’s hard-won democracy, established through years of struggle and codified by the Constituent Assembly in the 2015 republican constitution, could not tolerate such moves.&nbsp;<h2>Make upcoming elections a success: President</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;President Ramchandra Paudel has appealed to all sides to support the process of holding the House of Representatives election scheduled for March 5.&nbsp;The statement came after eight political parties issued a statement and demanded the restoration of the dissolved House of Representatives.&nbsp;President Paudel issued a statement on Saturday evening and appealed all concerned to take advantage of this hard-earned opportunity with wisdom, win the hearts of the people, and contribute to the successful conduct of the upcoming election scheduled for March 5, 2026.&nbsp;WATCH: Germany Dispatches 2000 Soldiers to Lithuania as NATO Bolsters Its Eastern Flank<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/germany-dispatches-2000-soldiers-to-lithuania-as-nato-bolsters-its-eastern-flank-1757785037232/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/germany-dispatches-2000-soldiers-to-lithuania-as-nato-bolsters-its-eastern-flank-1757785037232/embed</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;“After tremendous efforts during a very difficult, complex, and fearful situation in the country, a peaceful resolution has been found. The constitution has been preserved, the parliamentary system has been upheld, and the federal democratic republic remains intact,” President Paudel said.&nbsp;The Gen Z-led protests that brought down KP Sharma Oli’s government were triggered by a ban on social media platforms and anger over corruption, abuse of authority, and misuse of money from the state coffers.&nbsp;The unrest left at least 51 people dead and more than 1,300 injured, prompting a nationwide curfew before the presidential intervention.&nbsp;

Interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki visited Civil Hospital in New Baneshwar on Saturday to meet individuals severely injured during the Gen Z protest earlier this week. She had also visited the National Trauma Centre to express concern for those undergoing treatment.

The eight major political parties in Nepal have rejected the dissolution of the parliament as unconstitutional and a breach of parliamentary tradition and demanded that President Ram Chandra Poudel reinstate the House he dissolved after deadly anti-corruption protests. In a duly signed statement, eight parties, including the Nepali Congress, CPN-UML, and Maoist Centre, said President Ram Chandra Poudel had acted unconstitutionally. Poudel dissolved the House of Representatives on Friday night on the recommendation of the newly appointed interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki. The dissolution of the parliament was also a key demand of the Gen Z protest movement. The statement demanding the reinstatement of the parliament was signed by the respective chief whips of the eight political parties that were represented in Nepal’s dissolved House of Representatives, said a Kathmandu Post report. They argued that the dissolution step taken by the president was unconstitutional and against the precedents set by Nepal’s judiciary. ‘Move undermines people’s mandate’ In a joint statement, the Nepali Congress, CPN-UML, CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), Janata Samajbadi Party, Loktantrik Samajbadi Party, Nepal Workers and Peasants Party, and Janamat Party demanded that the decision be reversed immediately. They said the move undermined the supremacy of the constitution and devalued the people’s mandate. The statement from the eight parties cited Article 76(7) of the constitution and past Supreme Court rulings, saying the president’s step violated established constitutional practice. “This move not only undermines the people’s mandate but also strikes at the very supremacy of the constitution,” the statement said. The parties warned that Nepal’s hard-won democracy, established through years of struggle and codified by the Constituent Assembly in the 2015 republican constitution, could not tolerate such moves. Make upcoming elections a success: President President Ramchandra Paudel has appealed to all sides to support the process of holding the House of Representatives election scheduled for March 5. The statement came after eight political parties issued a statement and demanded the restoration of the dissolved House of Representatives. President Paudel issued a statement on Saturday evening and appealed all concerned to take advantage of this hard-earned opportunity with wisdom, win the hearts of the people, and contribute to the successful conduct of the upcoming election scheduled for March 5, 2026. WATCH: Germany Dispatches 2000 Soldiers to Lithuania as NATO Bolsters Its Eastern Flank https://www.wionews.com/videos/germany-dispatches-2000-soldiers-to-lithuania-as-nato-bolsters-its-eastern-flank-1757785037232/embed “After tremendous efforts during a very difficult, complex, and fearful situation in the country, a peaceful resolution has been found. The constitution has been preserved, the parliamentary system has been upheld, and the federal democratic republic remains intact,” President Paudel said. The Gen Z-led protests that brought down KP Sharma Oli’s government were triggered by a ban on social media platforms and anger over corruption, abuse of authority, and misuse of money from the state coffers. The unrest left at least 51 people dead and more than 1,300 injured, prompting a nationwide curfew before the presidential intervention.

Interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki visited Civil Hospital in New Baneshwar on Saturday to meet individuals severely injured during the Gen Z protest earlier this week. She had also visited the National Trauma Centre to express concern for those undergoing treatment.

‘Unconstitutional’: Nepal’s eight major parties say president should reinstate dissolved parliament

India and Nepal share a 1,751 km border that stretches across Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Sikkim, and West Bengal, permitting largely unrestricted movement of people and goods between the two countries.

India and Nepal share a 1,751 km border that stretches across Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Sikkim, and West Bengal, permitting largely unrestricted movement of people and goods between the two countries.

Across a 1,751 km border: Do you know how many towns link India and Nepal?

Nepal’s youth unemployment (ages 15–24) stood at about 20.8 per cent in 2024, one of the highest rates in recent years. Many graduates face underemployment, lacking stable, formal-sector roles.

Nepal’s youth unemployment (ages 15–24) stood at about 20.8 per cent in 2024, one of the highest rates in recent years. Many graduates face underemployment, lacking stable, formal-sector roles.

Why Nepal’s Gen Z will financially suffer even more after the September 2025 revolution

Nepal has continued to be on the boil even after the government, that has now been toppled, met the demand of protesters to lift the ban on social media in the country. Nepal Army has now taken charge and the former Chief Justice Sushila Karki has agreed to become interim Prime Minister amid unrest in the country.&nbsp;According to the local media, a virtual meeting of the protesters was held for nearly four hours after which it was decided that no youngster connected to political parties should assume the role and that Karki should be made the interim Prime Minister.&nbsp;“The Gen-Z group led the recent movement in Nepal and they trusted me to lead the government for a short period,” said Karki in an interview to CNN-News18, after being nominated.&nbsp;Who is Sushila Karki&nbsp;Born on June 7, 1952 in Biratnagar, Nepal, Karki pursued her bachelors degree in Political science from the Banaras Hindu University in India in 1975. She then went on to pursue Law at Tribhuvan University in 1978.&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/charlie-kirk-shot-dead-as-he-spoke-of-5700-us-shootings-gun-violence-killed-299-in-2025-alone-and-this-data-will-shock-you-1757565249865">Charlie kirk shot dead as he spoke of 5700 US shootings. Gun violence killed 299 in 2025 alone and this data will shock you</a>&nbsp;Karki created history in 2016 by becoming Nepal's first female chief justice. But the following year an impeachment motion was brought against her for “delivering biased verdicts” and interfering in the executive’s jurisdiction.&nbsp;Although Karki was automatically suspended during the investigation, she survived the impeachment as it failed to secure the necessary two-thirds majority. She retired in June 2017.She has also worked in the capacity of a justice of the Supreme Court, senior advocate, and law professor.&nbsp;Sushila Karki on PM Modi and India-Nepal relations&nbsp;After being chosen to lead the interim government of Nepal, Karki in her first remarks, greeted the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and spoke about the relations between both the countries.&nbsp;“Main Modi ji ko namaskar karti hoon (I greet Prime Minister Modi). I have a very good impression of Modi ji," said karki in an interview to CNN-News18&nbsp;“There is a lot of respect and love for India. India has helped Nepal a lot,” she added. &nbsp;

According to the local media, a virtual meeting of the protesters was held for nearly four hours after which it was decided that no youngster connected to political parties should assume the role.

Nepal has continued to be on the boil even after the government, that has now been toppled, met the demand of protesters to lift the ban on social media in the country. Nepal Army has now taken charge and the former Chief Justice Sushila Karki has agreed to become interim Prime Minister amid unrest in the country. According to the local media, a virtual meeting of the protesters was held for nearly four hours after which it was decided that no youngster connected to political parties should assume the role and that Karki should be made the interim Prime Minister. “The Gen-Z group led the recent movement in Nepal and they trusted me to lead the government for a short period,” said Karki in an interview to CNN-News18, after being nominated. Who is Sushila Karki Born on June 7, 1952 in Biratnagar, Nepal, Karki pursued her bachelors degree in Political science from the Banaras Hindu University in India in 1975. She then went on to pursue Law at Tribhuvan University in 1978. Also Read: Charlie kirk shot dead as he spoke of 5700 US shootings. Gun violence killed 299 in 2025 alone and this data will shock you Karki created history in 2016 by becoming Nepal's first female chief justice. But the following year an impeachment motion was brought against her for “delivering biased verdicts” and interfering in the executive’s jurisdiction. Although Karki was automatically suspended during the investigation, she survived the impeachment as it failed to secure the necessary two-thirds majority. She retired in June 2017. She has also worked in the capacity of a justice of the Supreme Court, senior advocate, and law professor. Sushila Karki on PM Modi and India-Nepal relations After being chosen to lead the interim government of Nepal, Karki in her first remarks, greeted the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and spoke about the relations between both the countries. “Main Modi ji ko namaskar karti hoon (I greet Prime Minister Modi). I have a very good impression of Modi ji," said karki in an interview to CNN-News18 “There is a lot of respect and love for India. India has helped Nepal a lot,” she added.

According to the local media, a virtual meeting of the protesters was held for nearly four hours after which it was decided that no youngster connected to political parties should assume the role.

Sushila Karki: What did Nepal Gen Z leaders' favourite for interim PM say about Modi and India? Know more about her

The first part of this article's headline is a quote from the 2005 movie V for Vendetta, based on the graphic novel of the same name by Alan Moore and David Lloyd. The line is spoken by V, the masked anarchist titular character fighting a fascist regime in a dystopian future Britain. When one looks at the recent mass protests that toppled governments in South Asia, the crux of these lines is being proven again: that the people are the sovereigns, and the power of the government is derived from the consent of the governed. When regimes tinker with that consent for too long with impunity, eruptions will happen, as the people have the right, and responsibility, to overthrow them. It is not uncommon for governments to forget that they exist to serve the people, and not the other way round. They can be overthrown – by ballots or bullets – if they violate people's trust. Unchecked authoritarianism and corruption will be met with often unexpected levels of resistance and violence.What should the governments of the region and further afield learn from the Nepal protest?<h2>When people rise up against their government: The tipping point</h2>There is always a cocktail of causes that lead to a tipping point: collective action follows when fear, repression, or economic hardship become so unbearable that people are willing to die to make their nations a better place. In South Asia, this idea manifested vividly in recent protests across Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Some of these movements were successful, &nbsp;some led to further chaos and uncertainty, while others are still evolving. &nbsp;Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/guns-fired-weapons-seized-buildings-burnt-the-deadly-day-of-violence-in-nepal-protest-in-pics-gen-z-nepo-kids-oust-pm-oli-1757495741405">Guns fired, weapons seized, buildings burnt: The deadly day of violence in Nepal protest IN PICS</a> But the causes are similar: economic hardship marked by high cost of living and unemployment, authoritarian overreach, social injustices. That’s when ordinary citizens, particularly the youth, roam the streets in defiance of state control, forcing regime changes, government backdowns, or ongoing armed struggles. The outcomes vary by country, but the essence remains the same: when governments consistently instil fear, something breaks in people. In fact their anger makes them fearless.<h2>Nepal: Youth-led uprising against corruption and censorship morphs into mayhem</h2>In a matter of a week this month, Nepal erupted in widespread "Gen Z" protests triggered by a government ban on social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and X. The ostensible reason was the platforms’ alleged failure to register under a new law, but the protests against it went beyond the youth and became an expression of fury over rampant corruption, nepotism ("nepo kids" of elites flaunting luxury amid poverty), and economic stagnation. As youth unemployment hit 20.8 per cent, the protesters – mostly teenagers and young adults – defied curfews, set fire to government buildings like Parliament and the Supreme Court, and targeted politicians' homes, reportedly leading to at least 22 deaths.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nepal-protest-kp-oli-s-india-visit-in-third-term-that-never-happened-1757418162033">Nepal protest: Oli's India visit in third term — that never happened</a>The government's violent response – deploying the army and imposing curfews – was evidence of how much it feared its own people. The fragility of the government was evident when Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned and was seen boarding a chopper just two days into the protests, after four cabinet ministers stepped down. The social media ban was lifted, and President Ram Chandra Paudel invited Gen Z leaders for talks, exposing the regime's vulnerability.<h2>Bangladesh: Student-led revolution topples a government</h2>The 2024 student-led "July Revolution" in Bangladesh started as a protest against the reinstatement of a 30 per cent job quota for descendants of 1971 war veterans, even as the youth were reeling under high unemployment. Peaceful demonstrations soon spiralled into a mass uprising against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's 15-year rule. Hasina faced allegations of corruption, media suppression, and election rigging of the 2024 polls which the opposition had boycotted. Protesters, joined by parents and opposition parties like BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami, stormed Hasina's residence on August 5, forcing her to flee the country.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nepal-protest-ramesh-lekhak-home-minister-resigns-after-18-killed-in-clashes-1757341508160">Nepal protest: Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak sends resignation after 18 killed in clashes</a>The protests were fanned by the government's brutal crackdown ordered by Hasina, which reportedly resulted in 1,400 deaths, mostly at the hands of security forces. The "Long March to Dhaka" defied curfews, leading to Hasina's ouster and the taking over of an interim government led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus. &nbsp; Even though that 'revolution' soon spiralled into attacks on Awami League supporters and its ban, this was another instance of how the people showed that the government should fear them.<h2>Sri Lanka's Aragalaya: A loud cry against years of family rule</h2>The 2022 Aragalaya ("struggle") in Sri Lanka was the people’s collective response to the worst economic crisis since the South Asian island’s independence. In the post-pandemic world, the country defaulted on international debt, causing inflation and fuel shortages. The people were already opposed to the corruption under the Rajapaksa family. Days of protests and violence eventually forced President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to flee the country and resign in July. The protesters occupied the seats of power like the presidential palace. Their demand was a "system change", as poverty doubled to 25 per cent. Even today, the crisis's aftermath lingers, with IMF-mandated austerity measures still sparking smaller protests against high taxes and inequality.<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-protest-youth-protest-against-corruption-and-economic-stagnation-1757489751958/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-protest-youth-protest-against-corruption-and-economic-stagnation-1757489751958/embed</a>The Sri Lankan government initially responded with brutal force and the weaponisation of repressive laws like the Prevention of Terrorism Act. But the people refused to leave the streets, and the struggle led to a different electoral result in 2024 that saw the left-leaning Anura Kumara Dissanayake's NPP alliance winning by a landslide. That was a repudiation of the elite that occupied power for decades. Here also, people made the government afraid of them, paving the way for a democratic renewal without full-scale violence.<h2>Myanmar: From protests to armed people's war</h2>Myanmar’s 2021 military coup and its aftermath is, however, a more nuanced story. After the removal of Aung San Suu Kyi's elected government and installation of a military junta, a massive civil disobedience and protest followed. It was met with lethal force, with at least 2,500 civilians reportedly killed. In the past two years, the civilian protests died down, with the resistance evolving into a civil war. The National Unity Government (NUG) and ethnic armed groups like the Arakan Army and Kachin Independence Army have captured territories like Lashio and Ann, controlling 42 per cent of the country.The junta responded with airstrikes, torture, and civilian killings – reportedly 6,486 deaths by April 2025. The People's Resistance Force, which emerged as a response to the coup, has grown from 65,000 fighters in 2022 to 85,000 by 2024, even as 93 per cent of the public is estimated to be supporting the NUG. The events have displaced some 3.5 million, and the chaotic situation continues, with people continuing to resist the government.<h2>Pakistan and Afghanistan: The story is still evolving</h2>Similar protest movements are taking place against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, and the current dispensation in Pakistan. In spite of the jailing of former prime minister Imran Khan, his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party led protests. In these marches, thousands defied barricades and prohibitory orders, with nearly 1,000 people arrested and at least six people killed.The government has shut down the internet several times, used Section 144 for bans and curfews, and made mass arrests of more than 500 in August. Some 108 PTI members were jailed in 2025, often on anti-terrorism convictions. The government clearly fears PTI's mobilisation. But how far Khan can survive and succeed depends on a number of factors. The powerful army-intelligence nexus has been running Pakistan for years. It is not easy to topple that regime. But one day, things could change dramatically.<h2>A regional tide of defiance</h2>The pattern across these nations is clear: people protest, and governments afraid of loss of control and power respond with violence, censorship, or repression. But that often backfires very quickly. Economic crises (Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) and authoritarianism (Myanmar, Afghanistan, Pakistan) are fuelling youth-led resistance, leading to resignations (Nepal, Bangladesh), electoral shifts (Sri Lanka), or sustained warfare (Myanmar). In the case of Myanmar, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, the story is still unfolding: defiance persists, but at a heavy cost.<h2>The results are not always rosy</h2>It has been seen that the final results of any mass movement are not perfect. It is messy, often transitional. Sometimes such movements only replace one repressive regime with another. External influences and games in the chess of global influence complicate these people’s movements. But they all point to a lesson that the powerful often forget: when pushed to the brink, people shed fear, making governments deal with the power of their collective action. &nbsp;Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer

Mass protests across South Asia—from Nepal to Bangladesh and beyond—show rising youth-led resistance against authoritarianism, corruption, and economic woes. These movements prove that people are the final authority, and when pushed, they can make governments fear them 



The first part of this article's headline is a quote from the 2005 movie V for Vendetta, based on the graphic novel of the same name by Alan Moore and David Lloyd. The line is spoken by V, the masked anarchist titular character fighting a fascist regime in a dystopian future Britain. When one looks at the recent mass protests that toppled governments in South Asia, the crux of these lines is being proven again: that the people are the sovereigns, and the power of the government is derived from the consent of the governed. When regimes tinker with that consent for too long with impunity, eruptions will happen, as the people have the right, and responsibility, to overthrow them. It is not uncommon for governments to forget that they exist to serve the people, and not the other way round. They can be overthrown – by ballots or bullets – if they violate people's trust. Unchecked authoritarianism and corruption will be met with often unexpected levels of resistance and violence. What should the governments of the region and further afield learn from the Nepal protest? When people rise up against their government: The tipping point There is always a cocktail of causes that lead to a tipping point: collective action follows when fear, repression, or economic hardship become so unbearable that people are willing to die to make their nations a better place. In South Asia, this idea manifested vividly in recent protests across Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Some of these movements were successful, some led to further chaos and uncertainty, while others are still evolving. Also read: Guns fired, weapons seized, buildings burnt: The deadly day of violence in Nepal protest IN PICS But the causes are similar: economic hardship marked by high cost of living and unemployment, authoritarian overreach, social injustices. That’s when ordinary citizens, particularly the youth, roam the streets in defiance of state control, forcing regime changes, government backdowns, or ongoing armed struggles. The outcomes vary by country, but the essence remains the same: when governments consistently instil fear, something breaks in people. In fact their anger makes them fearless. Nepal: Youth-led uprising against corruption and censorship morphs into mayhem In a matter of a week this month, Nepal erupted in widespread "Gen Z" protests triggered by a government ban on social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and X. The ostensible reason was the platforms’ alleged failure to register under a new law, but the protests against it went beyond the youth and became an expression of fury over rampant corruption, nepotism ("nepo kids" of elites flaunting luxury amid poverty), and economic stagnation. As youth unemployment hit 20.8 per cent, the protesters – mostly teenagers and young adults – defied curfews, set fire to government buildings like Parliament and the Supreme Court, and targeted politicians' homes, reportedly leading to at least 22 deaths. Also read: Nepal protest: Oli's India visit in third term — that never happened The government's violent response – deploying the army and imposing curfews – was evidence of how much it feared its own people. The fragility of the government was evident when Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned and was seen boarding a chopper just two days into the protests, after four cabinet ministers stepped down. The social media ban was lifted, and President Ram Chandra Paudel invited Gen Z leaders for talks, exposing the regime's vulnerability. Bangladesh: Student-led revolution topples a government The 2024 student-led "July Revolution" in Bangladesh started as a protest against the reinstatement of a 30 per cent job quota for descendants of 1971 war veterans, even as the youth were reeling under high unemployment. Peaceful demonstrations soon spiralled into a mass uprising against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's 15-year rule. Hasina faced allegations of corruption, media suppression, and election rigging of the 2024 polls which the opposition had boycotted. Protesters, joined by parents and opposition parties like BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami, stormed Hasina's residence on August 5, forcing her to flee the country. Also read: Nepal protest: Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak sends resignation after 18 killed in clashes The protests were fanned by the government's brutal crackdown ordered by Hasina, which reportedly resulted in 1,400 deaths, mostly at the hands of security forces. The "Long March to Dhaka" defied curfews, leading to Hasina's ouster and the taking over of an interim government led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus. Even though that 'revolution' soon spiralled into attacks on Awami League supporters and its ban, this was another instance of how the people showed that the government should fear them. Sri Lanka's Aragalaya: A loud cry against years of family rule The 2022 Aragalaya ("struggle") in Sri Lanka was the people’s collective response to the worst economic crisis since the South Asian island’s independence. In the post-pandemic world, the country defaulted on international debt, causing inflation and fuel shortages. The people were already opposed to the corruption under the Rajapaksa family. Days of protests and violence eventually forced President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to flee the country and resign in July. The protesters occupied the seats of power like the presidential palace. Their demand was a "system change", as poverty doubled to 25 per cent. Even today, the crisis's aftermath lingers, with IMF-mandated austerity measures still sparking smaller protests against high taxes and inequality. https://www.wionews.com/videos/nepal-protest-youth-protest-against-corruption-and-economic-stagnation-1757489751958/embed The Sri Lankan government initially responded with brutal force and the weaponisation of repressive laws like the Prevention of Terrorism Act. But the people refused to leave the streets, and the struggle led to a different electoral result in 2024 that saw the left-leaning Anura Kumara Dissanayake's NPP alliance winning by a landslide. That was a repudiation of the elite that occupied power for decades. Here also, people made the government afraid of them, paving the way for a democratic renewal without full-scale violence. Myanmar: From protests to armed people's war Myanmar’s 2021 military coup and its aftermath is, however, a more nuanced story. After the removal of Aung San Suu Kyi's elected government and installation of a military junta, a massive civil disobedience and protest followed. It was met with lethal force, with at least 2,500 civilians reportedly killed. In the past two years, the civilian protests died down, with the resistance evolving into a civil war. The National Unity Government (NUG) and ethnic armed groups like the Arakan Army and Kachin Independence Army have captured territories like Lashio and Ann, controlling 42 per cent of the country. The junta responded with airstrikes, torture, and civilian killings – reportedly 6,486 deaths by April 2025. The People's Resistance Force, which emerged as a response to the coup, has grown from 65,000 fighters in 2022 to 85,000 by 2024, even as 93 per cent of the public is estimated to be supporting the NUG. The events have displaced some 3.5 million, and the chaotic situation continues, with people continuing to resist the government. Pakistan and Afghanistan: The story is still evolving Similar protest movements are taking place against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, and the current dispensation in Pakistan. In spite of the jailing of former prime minister Imran Khan, his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party led protests. In these marches, thousands defied barricades and prohibitory orders, with nearly 1,000 people arrested and at least six people killed. The government has shut down the internet several times, used Section 144 for bans and curfews, and made mass arrests of more than 500 in August. Some 108 PTI members were jailed in 2025, often on anti-terrorism convictions. The government clearly fears PTI's mobilisation. But how far Khan can survive and succeed depends on a number of factors. The powerful army-intelligence nexus has been running Pakistan for years. It is not easy to topple that regime. But one day, things could change dramatically. A regional tide of defiance The pattern across these nations is clear: people protest, and governments afraid of loss of control and power respond with violence, censorship, or repression. But that often backfires very quickly. Economic crises (Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) and authoritarianism (Myanmar, Afghanistan, Pakistan) are fuelling youth-led resistance, leading to resignations (Nepal, Bangladesh), electoral shifts (Sri Lanka), or sustained warfare (Myanmar). In the case of Myanmar, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, the story is still unfolding: defiance persists, but at a heavy cost. The results are not always rosy It has been seen that the final results of any mass movement are not perfect. It is messy, often transitional. Sometimes such movements only replace one repressive regime with another. External influences and games in the chess of global influence complicate these people’s movements. But they all point to a lesson that the powerful often forget: when pushed to the brink, people shed fear, making governments deal with the power of their collective action. Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer

Mass protests across South Asia—from Nepal to Bangladesh and beyond—show rising youth-led resistance against authoritarianism, corruption, and economic woes. These movements prove that people are the final authority, and when pushed, they can make governments fear them&nbsp;&nbsp;

People shouldn't be afraid of their government. Governments should be afraid of their people: Lessons from South Asia

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Governments should be afraid of their people: Lessons from South Asia