India has created history as Chandrayaan-3 landed on the moon at around 06:03 PM on Wednesday. Indian Prime Minister Modi joined the live landing of Chandrayaan-3 from South Africa where he is attending the BRICS summit. Meanwhile, ISRO Chairman S Somanath gave an address after the landing and said, 'India is on the moon'.

Chandrayaan-3: India celebrates after Moon lander's success; 'I reached my destination & India too!'

Upon Chandrayaan-3's successful landing, Prime Minister Modi declared, "We are witnesses to the new flight of the new India; new history has been written." India's successful Moon mission is not just India's alone. This success belongs to all of humanity."

Chandrayaan-3 | India lands on Moon: ISRO cries tears of joy, say 'Will remain the happiest moment'

Chandrayaan-3: India scripts history after becoming first country to be near lunar south pole | WION

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa congratulated PM Modi and wished him luck, saying, 'We would like to congratulate India, when we are particularly talking about space, in a few hours from now, India's space craft Chandrayaan-3 will be landing on the moon.'

Chandrayaan-3: Cyril Ramaphosa wishes PM Modi 'good luck' as India countdowns for its moon mission

Russia's Luna-25 crashed on the Moon. Even ahead of its landing attempt. Russia's first moon mission in 47 years came to a standstill. Russia had been racing against India. As Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is scheduled to land on the moon's south pole on August 23.

Why did Russia’s Luna-25 spacecraft crash into the Moon?

India's Chandrayaan-3 on three spacecraft is inching closer to the surface of the Moon. It is nearly three days away from attempting a soft landing near the Lunar South Pole.

India: Chandrayaan-3 three days away from Moon landing near unexplored South pole | LIVE discussion

India: Chandrayaan-3 maps landing spots on moon, ISRO begins landing countdown

<p>A day after developing technical difficulties, Russia's Luna-25 probe has crashed into the Moon, informed&nbsp;Russia's space agency Roscosmos on Sunday (August 20). The Luna-25 probe was the first Russian Moon mission in nearly 50 years.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Roscosmos said the probe crashed into the lunar surface after it spun into an uncontrolled orbit. The agency added there had&nbsp;been&nbsp;an "abnormal situation" during a manoeuvre earlier.</p>

<h2><strong>What happened to the probe?</strong></h2>

<p>Preliminary investigations showed that the lander "has&nbsp;ceased to exist following a collision with the Moon's surface". The scientists at the agency have started a probe to determine the cause of the crash.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p>"During the operation, an emergency situation occurred on board the automatic station, which did not allow the manoeuvre to be performed with the specified parameters,"&nbsp; Roscosmos wrote in an update on Telegram.</p>

<p>"The management team is currently analysing the situation."</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/russias-luna-25-encounters-glitch-in-pre-moon-landing-move-627083"><strong>Also read |&nbsp;Russia's Luna-25 encounters glitch in pre-moon landing manoeuvre</strong></a></p>

<p>The lunar probe was expected to remain on the lunar surface for an entire year to perform critical scientific tasks of&nbsp;collecting samples and conducting soil analysis. The lander had as many as eight different science instruments on it.&nbsp;However, given the inherent risks associated with lunar landings, it was always going to be a tough task to execute the perfect soft landing.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, on Saturday (August 19),&nbsp;Roscosmos reported that an "emergency" situation arose during a manoeuvre executed by the probe. The unforeseen event occurred during a crucial thrust operation aimed at transferring the probe onto its pre-landing orbit. The agency added that communication with Luna-25 was lost at 2:57 pm (1157 GMT) on the same day.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>When was the probe launched?</strong></h2>

<p>Luna-25 was launched on August 10&nbsp; from the Vostochny Cosmodrome, in&nbsp;Russia's Far East region and reached the lunar orbit six days later.&nbsp;The probe was due to touch down near the lunar South Pole on Monday (August 20).</p>

<p>After the crash, Russian social media platforms are rife with speculations as users&nbsp;came up with their own theories regarding the crash. Notably,&nbsp;Roscosmos had initially cooperated with&nbsp;the European Space Agency (ESA) on the&nbsp;lunar programme. However, after President Vladimir Putin announced the invasion of Ukraine, ESA pulled out of the project and ditched Moscow.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3: India's Lunar lander Vikram inches closer to Moon</strong></p>

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<p>After Luna's demise, all eyes have turned to India's Chandrayaan-3 mission, whose Vikram lander is expected to land close to Luna's landing site on Wednesday (August 23) at 18:03 hours Indian Standard Time (IST).&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em><br />
&nbsp;</p>

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A day after developing technical difficulties, Russia's Luna-25 probe has crashed into the Moon, informed Russia's space agency Roscosmos on Sunday (August 20). The Luna-25 probe was the first Russian Moon mission in nearly 50 years.

A day after developing technical difficulties, Russia's Luna-25 probe has crashed into the Moon, informed Russia's space agency Roscosmos on Sunday (August 20). The Luna-25 probe was the first Russian Moon mission in nearly 50 years. Roscosmos said the probe crashed into the lunar surface after it spun into an uncontrolled orbit. The agency added there had been an "abnormal situation" during a manoeuvre earlier. What happened to the probe? Preliminary investigations showed that the lander "has ceased to exist following a collision with the Moon's surface". The scientists at the agency have started a probe to determine the cause of the crash. "During the operation, an emergency situation occurred on board the automatic station, which did not allow the manoeuvre to be performed with the specified parameters," Roscosmos wrote in an update on Telegram. "The management team is currently analysing the situation." Also read | Russia's Luna-25 encounters glitch in pre-moon landing manoeuvre The lunar probe was expected to remain on the lunar surface for an entire year to perform critical scientific tasks of collecting samples and conducting soil analysis. The lander had as many as eight different science instruments on it. However, given the inherent risks associated with lunar landings, it was always going to be a tough task to execute the perfect soft landing. Notably, on Saturday (August 19), Roscosmos reported that an "emergency" situation arose during a manoeuvre executed by the probe. The unforeseen event occurred during a crucial thrust operation aimed at transferring the probe onto its pre-landing orbit. The agency added that communication with Luna-25 was lost at 2:57 pm (1157 GMT) on the same day. When was the probe launched? Luna-25 was launched on August 10 from the Vostochny Cosmodrome, in Russia's Far East region and reached the lunar orbit six days later. The probe was due to touch down near the lunar South Pole on Monday (August 20). After the crash, Russian social media platforms are rife with speculations as users came up with their own theories regarding the crash. Notably, Roscosmos had initially cooperated with the European Space Agency (ESA) on the lunar programme. However, after President Vladimir Putin announced the invasion of Ukraine, ESA pulled out of the project and ditched Moscow. Also watch | Chandrayaan-3: India's Lunar lander Vikram inches closer to Moon After Luna's demise, all eyes have turned to India's Chandrayaan-3 mission, whose Vikram lander is expected to land close to Luna's landing site on Wednesday (August 23) at 18:03 hours Indian Standard Time (IST). (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Luna-25 crashes into moon; Russia’s lunar mission ends

Russia's Luna-25 first moon mission in 47 years crashed on the moon's surface.

Luna 25: Russian lunar mission comes to an end: Spacecraft moved to an unpredictable orbit

Luna-25: Russia's first lunar probe in 47 years comes to an end

Race to the moon: Russia's lunar mission comes to a crashing end

Race to the moon: Russia's lunar mission come to a crashing end

India is set to make history. With the launch of the country's third moon mission. Chandrayaan-3 is heading towards the moon. But how much do these moon missions cost?

Chandrayaan-3:  The cost of ISRO's Chandrayaan missions compared

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<p>As the Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 entered its third and final phase, the Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander has now taken over the reins of the high-profile mission. Around 1 pm IST, on Thursday (August 17), the Indian space agency ISRO announced that the Chandrayaan-3 integrated spacecraft had separated into two parts - the propulsion module and the lander module.</p>

<p>While the propulsion module continues to orbit the moon for a few years, the lander module is headed towards the Lunar surface, in preparation for its lunar soft-landing scheduled for August 23.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"LM is successfully separated from the Propulsion Module (PM). LM is set to descend to a slightly lower orbit upon a deboosting planned for tomorrow around 1600 Hrs., IST," ISRO tweeted.&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">The most-anticipated Divorce case in <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a><br />
<br />
Propulsion module vs Vikram lander...After a harmonious 34day journey in <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a>, propulsion module which got both of them till the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/moon?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#moon</a>, will separate from the lander<br />
<br />
Perhaps, around noon today🤞<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tech?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tech</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/science?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#science</a> <a href="https://t.co/VwjRUQRx2a">pic.twitter.com/VwjRUQRx2a</a></p>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1692038761281179939?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 17, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>With the Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module included, India now has three of its crafts circling the moon. This includes Chandrayaan-1 (defunct), Chandrayaan-2 orbiter and the Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module. India commenced its lunar exploration journey in 2008 with Chandrayaan-1 and then followed it up with Chandrayaan-2 in 2019, and Chandrayaan-3 in July this year.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-just-a-week-away-from-lunar-soft-landing-625932"><strong>Also read |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3 just a week away from lunar soft landing</strong></a></p>

<h2><strong>Four vehicles in Chandrayaan-3 mission&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>Any spacefaring mission is like a relay race — there are many performers and each one completes their task and hands over to the next. On July 14, the LVM3 rocket was the vehicle that carried the 3.9-tonne spacecraft (comprising the propulsion module, lander and rover) into the earth's orbit. Performing its task in about 16 minutes, India's largest rocket injected the satellites into the desired orbit.</p>

<p>Then on, the craft's propulsion module gradually pushed and steered the craft away from the Earth, using its onboard engines. Until July 31, the craft orbited the earth and then fired its engines to gain more velocity, pushing itself to rendezvous with the moon in a few days (lunar transfer trajectory). On August 5, the craft reached the vicinity of the moon and fired its engines to slow itself down, reduce its orbit and get captured by lunar gravity.&nbsp;</p>

<p>From August 5 till August 17, the craft has been circling the moon. Once in a few days, the craft retro-fired its engines to slow down and reduce its orbit and get closer to the lunar surface. On Thursday, as the craft was in a 153 km x 163 km orbit, the propulsion module and lander module separated. This means that the propulsion module has completed its core task of getting the craft into an orbit around the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/chandrayaan-3-to-land-on-the-moon-on-august-23-626135"><strong>Watch |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3 to land on the moon on August 23</strong></a></p>

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<p>Henceforth, it will be the responsibility of the Vikram lander to test its cameras, sensors and engines, as it prepares for a lunar soft landing. The lander craft will commence reducing its orbit on Friday (August 18) and eventually cut down its velocity from a few kilometres/second to one metre/second, which is the ideal speed for lunar soft-landing.&nbsp;</p>

<p>After the successful soft landing, the lander is meant to open its ramp and allow the 'Pragyan' rover to roll out onto the lunar surface. In close coordination with each other, the lander, rover and propulsion module would then carry out their respective scientific tasks and send their data back to Earth.</p>

<p>As far as the lander and rover are concerned, ISRO is looking at an operational life of one lunar day or two weeks on Earth. However, after the lunar night passes and the new dawn breaks, when the sunlight is available, it is possible that the lander and rover come back to life.&nbsp;</p>

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As the Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 entered its third and final phase, the Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander has now taken over the reins of the high-profile mission.

As the Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 entered its third and final phase, the Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander has now taken over the reins of the high-profile mission. Around 1 pm IST, on Thursday (August 17), the Indian space agency ISRO announced that the Chandrayaan-3 integrated spacecraft had separated into two parts - the propulsion module and the lander module. While the propulsion module continues to orbit the moon for a few years, the lander module is headed towards the Lunar surface, in preparation for its lunar soft-landing scheduled for August 23. "LM is successfully separated from the Propulsion Module (PM). LM is set to descend to a slightly lower orbit upon a deboosting planned for tomorrow around 1600 Hrs., IST," ISRO tweeted. The most-anticipated Divorce case in #india Propulsion module vs Vikram lander...After a harmonious 34day journey in #space, propulsion module which got both of them till the #moon, will separate from the lander Perhaps, around noon today🤞#isro #Chandrayaan #tech #science pic.twitter.com/VwjRUQRx2a — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) August 17, 2023 × With the Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module included, India now has three of its crafts circling the moon. This includes Chandrayaan-1 (defunct), Chandrayaan-2 orbiter and the Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module. India commenced its lunar exploration journey in 2008 with Chandrayaan-1 and then followed it up with Chandrayaan-2 in 2019, and Chandrayaan-3 in July this year. Also read | Chandrayaan-3 just a week away from lunar soft landing Four vehicles in Chandrayaan-3 mission Any spacefaring mission is like a relay race — there are many performers and each one completes their task and hands over to the next. On July 14, the LVM3 rocket was the vehicle that carried the 3.9-tonne spacecraft (comprising the propulsion module, lander and rover) into the earth's orbit. Performing its task in about 16 minutes, India's largest rocket injected the satellites into the desired orbit. Then on, the craft's propulsion module gradually pushed and steered the craft away from the Earth, using its onboard engines. Until July 31, the craft orbited the earth and then fired its engines to gain more velocity, pushing itself to rendezvous with the moon in a few days (lunar transfer trajectory). On August 5, the craft reached the vicinity of the moon and fired its engines to slow itself down, reduce its orbit and get captured by lunar gravity. From August 5 till August 17, the craft has been circling the moon. Once in a few days, the craft retro-fired its engines to slow down and reduce its orbit and get closer to the lunar surface. On Thursday, as the craft was in a 153 km x 163 km orbit, the propulsion module and lander module separated. This means that the propulsion module has completed its core task of getting the craft into an orbit around the moon. Watch | Chandrayaan-3 to land on the moon on August 23 × Henceforth, it will be the responsibility of the Vikram lander to test its cameras, sensors and engines, as it prepares for a lunar soft landing. The lander craft will commence reducing its orbit on Friday (August 18) and eventually cut down its velocity from a few kilometres/second to one metre/second, which is the ideal speed for lunar soft-landing. After the successful soft landing, the lander is meant to open its ramp and allow the 'Pragyan' rover to roll out onto the lunar surface. In close coordination with each other, the lander, rover and propulsion module would then carry out their respective scientific tasks and send their data back to Earth. As far as the lander and rover are concerned, ISRO is looking at an operational life of one lunar day or two weeks on Earth. However, after the lunar night passes and the new dawn breaks, when the sunlight is available, it is possible that the lander and rover come back to life. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Chandrayaan-3 mission: Two vehicles have done their job, two more to go

Chandrayaan-3 is on its final voyage. Vikram Lander successfully separated from the spacecraft. The lander is now on its solo journey to the Moon.

Chandrayaan-3: Challenges ahead of Vikram lander's solo journey to the Moon

Chandrayaan-3 is soon going to land on the moon. But it is not just a space mission. Chandrayaan-3's success will cemente India's cosmic rise in global space race.

Why is Chandrayaan-3's success important for India's space program?

Chandrayaan-3 is expected to land on the lunar surface around August 23 after completing a 40-day journey. On the other hand, Luna-25 is expected to land on the moon around August 21, two days ahead of Chandrayaan-3. However, both missions will attempt to land on the lunar south pole.

India: Chandrayaan-3 completes 33 days, race to lunar South Pole enters final leg

As India celebrates its 77th independence Day. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) celebrates its 54th founding day. The ISRO has taken the dreams of Indians into space and the Indian flag to the moon and the Mars.

ISRO Foundation Day: ISRO formally established on 15th August 1969 | India News | WION

On Sunday, the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft successfully inserted itself into the lunar orbit. Between August 23 and 24, the mission will safely land close to the Moon's under-explored south pole. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has been being propelled by ISRO into ever-distancer orbits since its launch on July 14.

India: Chandrayaan-3 craft completes 30 days in space

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<p>India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has moved closer to the moon after performing its third lunar orbit reduction. This means that the craft has been&nbsp;gradually moved from a highly-elliptical orbit (174 km x 1437 km) to a near-circular orbit (150km x 177km) around the Moon. In an elliptical orbit, there is a huge difference between the craft's nearest point to the moon (perilune) and farthest point to the moon (apolune). In a near-circular orbit, there is a very minor difference between perilune and apolune.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Orbit circularisation phase commences. Precise maneuvre performed today has achieved a near-circular orbit of 150 km x 177 km. The next operation is planned for August 16, 2023, around 0830 hrs IST," ISRO posted on X, formerly known as Twitter.&nbsp;</p>

<p>ISRO's next target is to bring the craft to a circular orbit&nbsp;where the craft is 100 km above the lunar surface. This is what ISRO calls the orbit circularisation phase. When this orbit is achieved, the spacecraft will be at a constant 100 km distance above the moon, at any period of time in that orbit.</p>

<p>"When the craft is circling around the moon, a command is issued to re-orient the craft by 180 degrees. This re-orientation will ensure that the craft's engine(s) can be used as a brake. Such engine firings are known as retro-firings. In retro-firing, the engine is not pushing the craft forward. Instead, it is pushing the craft in a direction opposite to its original direction of movement and it will slow down the craft," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai, former director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, explained to WION.&nbsp;</p>

<p>When the craft was circling the earth, commands were issued to fire the engines and push the craft further away from the earth (orbit-raising manoeuvres). In those cases, the engine was fired to propel the craft forward and impart more velocity to it. In retro-firing (opposite firing), the engine firing is done in an opposite direction,&nbsp;thereby reducing&nbsp;the velocity of the craft and lowering its orbit. These are the fundamental differences between orbit-raising manoeuvres and orbit-reduction manoeuvres.</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-isro-releases-video-of-the-moon-captured-by-chandrayaan-3-as-it-enters-lunar-orbit-622908">ISRO releases video of the moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 as it enters lunar orbit</a></strong></p>

<h2><strong>The journey so far</strong></h2>

<p>Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14 from India's spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. 16 minutes after lift-off, the craft was placed in a highly elliptical orbit around the Earth. Thereafter, by performing five engine burns on as many occasions, the craft gradually raised its orbit and slingshot itself further away from Earth, while continuing to remain in the home planet's orbit.&nbsp;</p>

<p>On the intervening night of July 31 and August 1, Chandrayaan-3 performed its Trans-Lunar injection burn. By this long-duration firing of its engines, the craft was pushed out of Earth's gravitational influence and hurled towards lunar gravitational influence.</p>

<p>On August 6, the spacecraft performed its maiden Lunar orbit reduction manoeuvre. The second Lunar orbit reduction happened on August 9.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/chandrayaan-3-now-within-moons-gravitational-orbit-india-isro-623261"><strong>Watch |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3 now within moon's gravitational orbit | India | ISRO</strong></a></p>

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<h2><strong>The journey that lies ahead</strong></h2>

<p>ISRO has said that the fourth orbit reduction manoeuvre is scheduled for 8:30 am IST, August 16.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"At the time of the lander separating from the propulsion module, the craft will be in a 100 km x100 km orbit. Many systems that are required to work for landing will be utilised and tested at that point. The craft will be in the orbital phase for 4-5 days,"&nbsp;Dr M. Sankaran, director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, told WION.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"So, we will carry out tests of the various systems. Four 800N throttleable engines (that are meant to help in slowing down the craft for landing) have to be test fired in different combinations, sensors on the lander will be oriented towards the propulsion module and tested for various performance parameters by getting a reflection back from it."</p>

<p>By the time the engine testing is complete, the craft will be brought to a 100 km x 30 km orbit, he added.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions-blogs/isro-releases-majestic-images-of-earth-and-moon-captured-by-chandrayaan-3-624186" target="_blank"><strong>Also read | ISRO releases majestic images of Earth and Moon captured by Chandrayaan-3</strong></a></p>

<p>Thereafter, a process of Rough braking, Attitude hold, fine braking, and velocity reduction would be carried out&nbsp;in the run-up to the lunar landing. ISRO has planned the Lunar landing at 5:47 pm IST on August 23.&nbsp;</p>

<p>ISRO Chairman Dr S Somnath has assured that the Vikram lander will be able to make a soft landing on the Moon's surface, come August 23. He added that the landing is certain even if all the sensors and two of its engines do not work. The Vikram lander is expected to descend on the moon on August 23.</p>

<p>"If everything fails, if all the sensors fail, nothing works, still it (Vikram) will make a landing. That's how it has been designed -- provided that the propulsion system works well," Somnath said.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Objectives of Chandrayaan-3</strong></h2>

<p>India's third lunar spacecraft comprises a propulsion module, lander and rover. The combined mass of them is 3.9 tonnes. The key goal of the craft is to perform a lunar soft-landing and perform in-situ analysis near 70 degrees latitude of the Lunar surface. The mission is expected to last 14 Earth days or one lunar day, during which the six-wheeled rover and the lander will perform their respective experiments.&nbsp;</p>

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India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has moved closer to the moon after performing its third lunar orbit reduction. This means that the craft has been gradually moved from a highly-elliptical orbit (174 km x 1437 km) to a near-circular orbit (150km x 177km) around the Moon.

India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has moved closer to the moon after performing its third lunar orbit reduction. This means that the craft has been gradually moved from a highly-elliptical orbit (174 km x 1437 km) to a near-circular orbit (150km x 177km) around the Moon. In an elliptical orbit, there is a huge difference between the craft's nearest point to the moon (perilune) and farthest point to the moon (apolune). In a near-circular orbit, there is a very minor difference between perilune and apolune. "Orbit circularisation phase commences. Precise maneuvre performed today has achieved a near-circular orbit of 150 km x 177 km. The next operation is planned for August 16, 2023, around 0830 hrs IST," ISRO posted on X, formerly known as Twitter. ISRO's next target is to bring the craft to a circular orbit where the craft is 100 km above the lunar surface. This is what ISRO calls the orbit circularisation phase. When this orbit is achieved, the spacecraft will be at a constant 100 km distance above the moon, at any period of time in that orbit. "When the craft is circling around the moon, a command is issued to re-orient the craft by 180 degrees. This re-orientation will ensure that the craft's engine(s) can be used as a brake. Such engine firings are known as retro-firings. In retro-firing, the engine is not pushing the craft forward. Instead, it is pushing the craft in a direction opposite to its original direction of movement and it will slow down the craft," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai, former director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, explained to WION. When the craft was circling the earth, commands were issued to fire the engines and push the craft further away from the earth (orbit-raising manoeuvres). In those cases, the engine was fired to propel the craft forward and impart more velocity to it. In retro-firing (opposite firing), the engine firing is done in an opposite direction, thereby reducing the velocity of the craft and lowering its orbit. These are the fundamental differences between orbit-raising manoeuvres and orbit-reduction manoeuvres. Also read: ISRO releases video of the moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 as it enters lunar orbit The journey so far Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14 from India's spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. 16 minutes after lift-off, the craft was placed in a highly elliptical orbit around the Earth. Thereafter, by performing five engine burns on as many occasions, the craft gradually raised its orbit and slingshot itself further away from Earth, while continuing to remain in the home planet's orbit. On the intervening night of July 31 and August 1, Chandrayaan-3 performed its Trans-Lunar injection burn. By this long-duration firing of its engines, the craft was pushed out of Earth's gravitational influence and hurled towards lunar gravitational influence. On August 6, the spacecraft performed its maiden Lunar orbit reduction manoeuvre. The second Lunar orbit reduction happened on August 9. Watch | Chandrayaan-3 now within moon's gravitational orbit | India | ISRO × The journey that lies ahead ISRO has said that the fourth orbit reduction manoeuvre is scheduled for 8:30 am IST, August 16. "At the time of the lander separating from the propulsion module, the craft will be in a 100 km x100 km orbit. Many systems that are required to work for landing will be utilised and tested at that point. The craft will be in the orbital phase for 4-5 days," Dr M. Sankaran, director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, told WION. "So, we will carry out tests of the various systems. Four 800N throttleable engines (that are meant to help in slowing down the craft for landing) have to be test fired in different combinations, sensors on the lander will be oriented towards the propulsion module and tested for various performance parameters by getting a reflection back from it." By the time the engine testing is complete, the craft will be brought to a 100 km x 30 km orbit, he added. Also read | ISRO releases majestic images of Earth and Moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 Thereafter, a process of Rough braking, Attitude hold, fine braking, and velocity reduction would be carried out in the run-up to the lunar landing. ISRO has planned the Lunar landing at 5:47 pm IST on August 23. ISRO Chairman Dr S Somnath has assured that the Vikram lander will be able to make a soft landing on the Moon's surface, come August 23. He added that the landing is certain even if all the sensors and two of its engines do not work. The Vikram lander is expected to descend on the moon on August 23. "If everything fails, if all the sensors fail, nothing works, still it (Vikram) will make a landing. That's how it has been designed -- provided that the propulsion system works well," Somnath said. Objectives of Chandrayaan-3 India's third lunar spacecraft comprises a propulsion module, lander and rover. The combined mass of them is 3.9 tonnes. The key goal of the craft is to perform a lunar soft-landing and perform in-situ analysis near 70 degrees latitude of the Lunar surface. The mission is expected to last 14 Earth days or one lunar day, during which the six-wheeled rover and the lander will perform their respective experiments. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Explained | Chandrayaan-3 is just 150km above lunar surface. What does it mean?

<p>Russia's first probe to the Moon was launched in almost 50 years on Friday. The mission is aimed at giving fresh impetus to the country's space sector which has been struggling for years and is now facing isolation because of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.<br />
<br />
The Luna-25 probe's launch is the first lunar mission of Moscow since 1976 when the USSR had emerged as a pioneer in the arena of space conquest.<br />
<br />
The rocket, carrying the Luna-25 probe, lifted off from the Vostochny Cosmodrome at 02:10 am Moscow time (2310 GMT Thursday), as per live images broadcast by the Russian space agency Roscosmos. The spacecraft will be reaching the lunar orbit in five days.<br />
<br />
Around three to seven days will be spent by the spacecraft in choosing the right spot before the lunar probe lands in the south pole area.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/virgin-galactics-first-space-tourism-flight-takes-off-with-three-civilian-passengers-624309">Virgin Galactic's first space tourism flight takes off with three civilian passengers</a></p>

<p>"For the first time in history, the lunar landing will take place on the lunar south pole. Until now, everyone has been landing in the equatorial zone," said senior Roscosmos official Alexander Blokhin in a recent interview with AFP.<br />
<br />
As per Roscosmos, the lunar probe should land on the Moon around August 21, said a source in the agency, while speaking to AFP.</p>

<h2><strong>Guided by ambition of our ancestors: Putin on space exploration</strong></h2>

<p>The Russian space agency stated that the spacecraft, which will stay on the Moon for a year, has been given the task of "taking (samples) and analysing the soil" as well as "conducting long-term scientific research", said the Russian space agency.<br />
<br />
The launch is the new lunar programme's first mission which gets underway at a time when Roscosmos does not have partnerships with the West as the conflict with Ukraine continues to escalate.<br />
<br />
As per Russian space expert Vitali Iegorov, this is the first time a mission has been launched by post-Soviet Russia with the aim to place a device on a celestial body. "The biggest question will be: can it land?" he said, while speaking AFP, emphasising that this mission is "of great importance" for Russia.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH |&nbsp;China's Tiangong space station faces equipment delay from India</strong></p>

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<p>President Vladimir Putin has taken the pledge to continue the space programme in Russia despite sanctions, pointing to the mission of the USSR to send the first man into space in 1961.</p>

<p>"We are guided by the ambition of our ancestors to move forward, despite difficulties and external attempts to prevent us from doing so," Putin stated at the Vostochny Cosmodrome last year.</p>

<p>The Indian space agency, ISRO, tweeted, "Congratulations, Roscosmos on the successful launch of Luna-25. Wonderful to have another meeting point in our space journies. Wishes for Chandrayaan-3 &amp; 🇷🇺Luna-25 missions to achieve their goals."&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Congratulations, Roscosmos on the successful launch of Luna-25 💐<br />
<br />
Wonderful to have another meeting point in our space journies<br />
<br />
Wishes for<br />
🇮🇳Chandrayaan-3 &amp;<br />
🇷🇺Luna-25<br />
missions to achieve their goals.</p>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1689831063806242816?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 11, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the Chandrayaan-3 mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota at 2:35 pm local time on July 14 in its second attempt at a soft landing on the surface of the moon. The spacecraft is expected to land on the lunar surface by&nbsp;August 23.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

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Russia's first probe to the Moon was launched in almost 50 years on Friday. The mission is aimed at giving fresh impetus to the country's space sector which has been struggling for years and is now facing isolation because of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

Russia's first probe to the Moon was launched in almost 50 years on Friday. The mission is aimed at giving fresh impetus to the country's space sector which has been struggling for years and is now facing isolation because of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The Luna-25 probe's launch is the first lunar mission of Moscow since 1976 when the USSR had emerged as a pioneer in the arena of space conquest. The rocket, carrying the Luna-25 probe, lifted off from the Vostochny Cosmodrome at 02:10 am Moscow time (2310 GMT Thursday), as per live images broadcast by the Russian space agency Roscosmos. The spacecraft will be reaching the lunar orbit in five days. Around three to seven days will be spent by the spacecraft in choosing the right spot before the lunar probe lands in the south pole area. ALSO READ | Virgin Galactic's first space tourism flight takes off with three civilian passengers "For the first time in history, the lunar landing will take place on the lunar south pole. Until now, everyone has been landing in the equatorial zone," said senior Roscosmos official Alexander Blokhin in a recent interview with AFP. As per Roscosmos, the lunar probe should land on the Moon around August 21, said a source in the agency, while speaking to AFP. Guided by ambition of our ancestors: Putin on space exploration The Russian space agency stated that the spacecraft, which will stay on the Moon for a year, has been given the task of "taking (samples) and analysing the soil" as well as "conducting long-term scientific research", said the Russian space agency. The launch is the new lunar programme's first mission which gets underway at a time when Roscosmos does not have partnerships with the West as the conflict with Ukraine continues to escalate. As per Russian space expert Vitali Iegorov, this is the first time a mission has been launched by post-Soviet Russia with the aim to place a device on a celestial body. "The biggest question will be: can it land?" he said, while speaking AFP, emphasising that this mission is "of great importance" for Russia. WATCH | China's Tiangong space station faces equipment delay from India President Vladimir Putin has taken the pledge to continue the space programme in Russia despite sanctions, pointing to the mission of the USSR to send the first man into space in 1961. "We are guided by the ambition of our ancestors to move forward, despite difficulties and external attempts to prevent us from doing so," Putin stated at the Vostochny Cosmodrome last year. The Indian space agency, ISRO, tweeted, "Congratulations, Roscosmos on the successful launch of Luna-25. Wonderful to have another meeting point in our space journies. Wishes for Chandrayaan-3 & 🇷🇺Luna-25 missions to achieve their goals." Congratulations, Roscosmos on the successful launch of Luna-25 💐 Wonderful to have another meeting point in our space journies Wishes for 🇮🇳Chandrayaan-3 & 🇷🇺Luna-25 missions to achieve their goals. — ISRO (@isro) August 11, 2023 × The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the Chandrayaan-3 mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota at 2:35 pm local time on July 14 in its second attempt at a soft landing on the surface of the moon. The spacecraft is expected to land on the lunar surface by August 23. (With inputs from agencies) You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Russia launches first probe to the Moon in almost 50 years

Russia is launching its first lunar landing spacecraft in 47 years as it races to be the first power to make a soft landing on the south pole of the moon which may hold significant deposits of water ice. The Russian lunar mission, the first since 1976, is racing against India which sent up its Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander last month.

Gravitas: Chandrayaan-3 vs Russia's Luna-25 race to the moon

<p>Ahead of the highly anticipated Chandrayaan-3 landing, scheduled to take place later this month, the&nbsp;Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Thursday (August 10) shared a set of fresh images of the Moon and Earth captured by the lunar spacecraft.&nbsp;</p>

<p>One of the first images has been taken on July 14 when the mission was launched from the&nbsp;Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, located in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The first image shows Earth as viewed by the Lander Image Camera.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p>The second image, captured by Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC) showed the craters Aristarchus, Eddington and Pythagoras along with one of the dark plains on the lunar surface&nbsp;Oceanus Procellarum.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Netizens applaud the pictures</strong></h2>

<p>Netizens and admirers of ISRO were truly awestruck by the images released and took to X, formerly known as Twitter, to share their happiness.<br />
<br />
"No Matter how far we venture into otherworldly realms, the allure of Earth's beauty remains unparalleled..," posted one while another added, "We've been waiting for this. Image of Earth from Lander and Moon. #ISRO #Chandrayaan3. Perhaps we were a bit too eager in our demands for photos from @isro. Proud to be witnessing this."</p>

<p>"Sending all my positive energy and heartfelt wishes to the incredible team behind Chandrayaan 3! You are true pioneers, and I believe in your courage and determination to achieve great things. Reach for the stars!," posted another.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-isro-releases-video-of-the-moon-captured-by-chandrayaan-3-as-it-enters-lunar-orbit-622908">ISRO releases video of the moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 as it enters lunar orbit</a></strong></p>

<h2><strong>ISRO chairman confident about landing&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>ISRO Chairman Dr S Somnath has assured that the Vikram lander will be able to make a soft landing on the Moon's surface, come August 23. He added that the landing is certain even if all the sensors and two of its engines do not work. The Vikram lander is expected to descend on the moon on August 23.</p>

<p>"If everything fails, if all the sensors fail, nothing works, still it (Vikram) will make a landing. That's how it has been designed -- provided that the propulsion system works well," Somnath told PTI.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/chandrayaan-3-now-within-moons-gravitational-orbit-india-isro-623261"><strong>Watch |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3 now within moon's gravitational orbit | India | ISRO</strong></a></p>

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<p>Somnath&nbsp;said the mission's most critical phase will be the orbit determination process when the spacecraft starts moving closer to the moon from the 100 km circular orbit.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Up to 100 km we do not see any difficulty. The issues are only an estimation of the position of the lander accurately from Earth. This measurement is a very critical measurement, we call it the orbit determination process. If it is correct, the rest of the process can be done."&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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Ahead of the highly anticipated Chandrayaan-3 landing, scheduled to take place later this month, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Thursday (August 10) shared a set of fresh images of the Moon and Earth captured by the lunar spacecraft.

Ahead of the highly anticipated Chandrayaan-3 landing, scheduled to take place later this month, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Thursday (August 10) shared a set of fresh images of the Moon and Earth captured by the lunar spacecraft. One of the first images has been taken on July 14 when the mission was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, located in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The first image shows Earth as viewed by the Lander Image Camera. The second image, captured by Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC) showed the craters Aristarchus, Eddington and Pythagoras along with one of the dark plains on the lunar surface Oceanus Procellarum. Netizens applaud the pictures Netizens and admirers of ISRO were truly awestruck by the images released and took to X, formerly known as Twitter, to share their happiness. "No Matter how far we venture into otherworldly realms, the allure of Earth's beauty remains unparalleled..," posted one while another added, "We've been waiting for this. Image of Earth from Lander and Moon. #ISRO #Chandrayaan3. Perhaps we were a bit too eager in our demands for photos from @isro. Proud to be witnessing this." "Sending all my positive energy and heartfelt wishes to the incredible team behind Chandrayaan 3! You are true pioneers, and I believe in your courage and determination to achieve great things. Reach for the stars!," posted another. Also read: ISRO releases video of the moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 as it enters lunar orbit ISRO chairman confident about landing ISRO Chairman Dr S Somnath has assured that the Vikram lander will be able to make a soft landing on the Moon's surface, come August 23. He added that the landing is certain even if all the sensors and two of its engines do not work. The Vikram lander is expected to descend on the moon on August 23. "If everything fails, if all the sensors fail, nothing works, still it (Vikram) will make a landing. That's how it has been designed -- provided that the propulsion system works well," Somnath told PTI. Watch | Chandrayaan-3 now within moon's gravitational orbit | India | ISRO × Somnath said the mission's most critical phase will be the orbit determination process when the spacecraft starts moving closer to the moon from the 100 km circular orbit. "Up to 100 km we do not see any difficulty. The issues are only an estimation of the position of the lander accurately from Earth. This measurement is a very critical measurement, we call it the orbit determination process. If it is correct, the rest of the process can be done." (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

ISRO releases majestic images of Earth and Moon captured by Chandrayaan-3

Russia is going to evacuate a village. As the nation is about to launch its first lunar landing spacecraft in 47 years. The launch from the Vostochny Cosmodrome will take place weeks after India sent up its Chandrayaan-3.

Chandrayaan-3 has a rival as Russia plans its first lunar lander

<p>In the late hours of Sunday (around 11:00 pm Indian Standard Time), the Indian Space Agency pushed its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft closer to the Lunar surface. This is part of a gradual process that will eventually lead the craft to the Lunar soft landing that is scheduled for August 23.</p>

<p>Since undergoing the Lunar orbit insertion in the evening hours of Saturday and starting to circle the moon, this is the first time that the craft's Lunar orbit is being reduced. Since Saturday, the craft has been in a 164 km x 18074 km orbit around the moon.&nbsp;With the engine firing done on Sunday night, the craft's orbit has been lowered to 170 km x 4313 km.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"The spacecraft successfully underwent a planned orbit reduction manoeuvre. The retro-firing of engines brought it closer to the Moon's surface, now to 170 km x 4313 km. The next operation to further reduce the orbit is scheduled for August 9, 2023, between 13:00 and 14:00 Hrs. IST." ISRO said in a tweet.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |</strong> <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-isro-releases-video-of-the-moon-captured-by-chandrayaan-3-as-it-enters-lunar-orbit-622908">ISRO releases video of the moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 as it enters lunar orbit</a></p>

<h2>The journey so far...</h2>

<p>Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14 from India's spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. Sixteen minutes from lift-off, the craft was placed in a highly elliptical orbit around the Earth. Thereafter, by performing five engine burns on as many occasions, the craft gradually raised its orbit and slingshot itself further away from Earth, while continuing to remain in Earth's orbit.&nbsp;</p>

<p>On the intervening night of July 31 and August 1, Chandrayaan-3 performed its Trans-Lunar injection burn. By this long-duration firing of its engines, the craft was pushed&nbsp;out of Earth's gravitational influence and hurled towards Lunar gravitational influence.&nbsp;"By firing its engines for the TLI, the craft gained departure velocity and set course from the earth orbit towards a location in the vicinity of the moon," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai, former Director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, had told WION.&nbsp;</p>

<h2>The journey that lay ahead...</h2>

<p>ISRO has said that the craft's next operation would be the second reduction of orbit around the moon. It is scheduled for August 9, around&nbsp;1-2 pm IST. Just like ISRO slingshot the craft away from earth by performing multiple engine firings, a similar process would be carried out for the reverse effect. Engine retro firings would be done to bring the craft closer to the lunar surface and eventually into a circular orbit around the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"When the lander separates from the propulsion module, the craft will be in a 100x100kms circular orbit around the moon. The craft would be in that orbit for 4-5 days and we would use that period to test the crucial systems and sensors that would be used for the lunar landing (because this is the first time we would be testing them in space)," M Sankaran, Director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, had told WION.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3 is steadily heading towards the moon</strong></p>

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<p>Thereafter, the craft would be brought to 100x30 km orbit, and then a process of Rough braking, Attitude hold, Fine braking, and velocity reduction would be carried out, in the run-up to the lunar landing. ISRO has planned the Lunar landing at 5:47 pm Indian Standard Time, on August 23.</p>

<h2>Objectives of Chandrayaan-3...</h2>

<p>India's 3<sup>rd</sup>&nbsp;Lunar spacecraft comprises a propulsion module, lander and rover. The combined mass of them is 3.9 tonnes. The key goal of the craft is to perform a lunar soft-landing and perform in-situ analysis near 70 degrees latitude of the Lunar surface. The mission is expected to last 14 earth days or one lunar day, during which the six-wheeled rover and the lander will perform their respective experiments.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

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In the late hours of Sunday (around 11:00 pm Indian Standard Time), the Indian Space Agency pushed its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft closer to the Lunar surface. This is part of a gradual process that will eventually lead the craft to the Lunar soft landing that is scheduled for August 23.

In the late hours of Sunday (around 11:00 pm Indian Standard Time), the Indian Space Agency pushed its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft closer to the Lunar surface. This is part of a gradual process that will eventually lead the craft to the Lunar soft landing that is scheduled for August 23. Since undergoing the Lunar orbit insertion in the evening hours of Saturday and starting to circle the moon, this is the first time that the craft's Lunar orbit is being reduced. Since Saturday, the craft has been in a 164 km x 18074 km orbit around the moon. With the engine firing done on Sunday night, the craft's orbit has been lowered to 170 km x 4313 km. "The spacecraft successfully underwent a planned orbit reduction manoeuvre. The retro-firing of engines brought it closer to the Moon's surface, now to 170 km x 4313 km. The next operation to further reduce the orbit is scheduled for August 9, 2023, between 13:00 and 14:00 Hrs. IST." ISRO said in a tweet. ALSO READ | ISRO releases video of the moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 as it enters lunar orbit The journey so far... Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14 from India's spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. Sixteen minutes from lift-off, the craft was placed in a highly elliptical orbit around the Earth. Thereafter, by performing five engine burns on as many occasions, the craft gradually raised its orbit and slingshot itself further away from Earth, while continuing to remain in Earth's orbit. On the intervening night of July 31 and August 1, Chandrayaan-3 performed its Trans-Lunar injection burn. By this long-duration firing of its engines, the craft was pushed out of Earth's gravitational influence and hurled towards Lunar gravitational influence. "By firing its engines for the TLI, the craft gained departure velocity and set course from the earth orbit towards a location in the vicinity of the moon," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai, former Director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, had told WION. The journey that lay ahead... ISRO has said that the craft's next operation would be the second reduction of orbit around the moon. It is scheduled for August 9, around 1-2 pm IST. Just like ISRO slingshot the craft away from earth by performing multiple engine firings, a similar process would be carried out for the reverse effect. Engine retro firings would be done to bring the craft closer to the lunar surface and eventually into a circular orbit around the moon. "When the lander separates from the propulsion module, the craft will be in a 100x100kms circular orbit around the moon. The craft would be in that orbit for 4-5 days and we would use that period to test the crucial systems and sensors that would be used for the lunar landing (because this is the first time we would be testing them in space)," M Sankaran, Director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, had told WION. WATCH | Chandrayaan-3 is steadily heading towards the moon Thereafter, the craft would be brought to 100x30 km orbit, and then a process of Rough braking, Attitude hold, Fine braking, and velocity reduction would be carried out, in the run-up to the lunar landing. ISRO has planned the Lunar landing at 5:47 pm Indian Standard Time, on August 23. Objectives of Chandrayaan-3... India's 3rd Lunar spacecraft comprises a propulsion module, lander and rover. The combined mass of them is 3.9 tonnes. The key goal of the craft is to perform a lunar soft-landing and perform in-situ analysis near 70 degrees latitude of the Lunar surface. The mission is expected to last 14 earth days or one lunar day, during which the six-wheeled rover and the lander will perform their respective experiments. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Chandrayaan-3 completes maiden orbit reduction, gets closer to Lunar surface

<p>India’s third moon mission’s spacecraft, Chandrayaan-3, took another step forward on Saturday after the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)&nbsp;announced that it had successfully entered the moon’s orbit.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>ISRO releases video of the moon</strong></h2>

<p>At present, the craft is circling the moon in a highly elliptical orbit. The&nbsp;Indian space agency, on Sunday (August 6), released a video captured during the&nbsp;Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI)&nbsp;on X, formerly known as Twitter,&nbsp;that took place a day prior.<br />
&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">The Moon, as viewed by <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan3</a> spacecraft during Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) on August 5, 2023.<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISRO</a> <a href="https://t.co/xQtVyLTu0c">pic.twitter.com/xQtVyLTu0c</a></p>
— LVM3-M4/CHANDRAYAAN-3 MISSION (@chandrayaan_3) <a href="https://twitter.com/chandrayaan_3/status/1688215948531015681?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 6, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>The video was released a day after the completion of a critical manoeuvre, LOI, with which Chandrayaan-3 was successfully inserted into a lunar orbit.&nbsp;</p>

<p>It is a significant milestone for the Indian space programme, that all Indian Lunar crafts Chandrayaan-1 (2008), Chandrayaan-2 (2019) and the ongoing Chandrayaan-3, have flawlessly entered into an orbit around the moon.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/with-chandrayaan-3-entering-lunar-orbit-all-indian-lunar-crafts-have-circled-the-moon-622761">With Chandrayaan-3 entering Lunar orbit, all Indian Lunar crafts have circled the moon</a></strong><br />
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<strong>Chandrayaan-3 successfully completes&nbsp;orbit reduction manoeuvre</strong><br />
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In an update about the mission, ISRO took to X and also said, "The spacecraft successfully underwent a planned orbit reduction manoeuvre. The retro-firing of engines brought it closer to the Moon's surface, now to 170 km x 4313 km."&nbsp;</p>

<p>It added, "The next operation to further reduce the orbit is scheduled for August 9, 2023, between 13:00 and 14:00 hrs. IST."<br />
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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Chandrayaan-3 Mission:<br />
The spacecraft successfully underwent a planned orbit reduction maneuver. The retrofiring of engines brought it closer to the Moon's surface, now to 170 km x 4313 km.<br />
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The next operation to further reduce the orbit is scheduled for August 9, 2023, between… <a href="https://t.co/e17kql5p4c">pic.twitter.com/e17kql5p4c</a></p>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1688248504458846208?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 6, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<h2><strong>Lunar Orbit Injection (LOI)</strong></h2>

<p>In the late hours of July 31, the craft performed Trans-Lunar injection (TLI), a long-duration firing of its engines, and began a journey that pushed it out of Earth’s gravitational influence and towards Lunar gravitational influence.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Speaking to WION about the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI), Dr Mylswamy Annadurai (Retd), Former Director of India’s UR Rao Satellite Centre, said, “During the Lunar orbit insertion, the craft will reach the vicinity of the moon and within the Lunar gravitational influence. Thereafter, it would fire its onboard engines to slow itself down and get captured into Lunar orbit. Then, it would begin to circle the moon in a highly elliptical orbit.”&nbsp;</p>

<p>During the first weeks of August, the spacecraft is set to complete five to six orbits around the moon before a precise landing site on the moon’s south pole area is determined.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-successfully-enters-moons-orbit-isro-622730">Chandrayaan-3 successfully inserted into Moon’s orbit, under lunar gravity now: ISRO</a></strong></p>

<h2><strong>About the Chandrayaan-3 mission</strong></h2>

<p>Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July&nbsp;14 from India’s spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota and is expected to make a soft landing near the Lunar south pole at around 70 degrees latitude, by the end of August. A&nbsp;successful Lunar soft landing would make India the fourth nation to do so&nbsp;after Russia, the United States and China.&nbsp;</p>

<p>India’s third moon mission spacecraft has covered over three lakh kilometres between Earth and Moon. It had completed its orbits around the Earth on August 1 when it embarked on its trans-lunar journey.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;</em><br />
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India’s third moon mission’s spacecraft, Chandrayaan-3, took another step forward on Saturday after the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that it had successfully entered the moon’s orbit.

India’s third moon mission’s spacecraft, Chandrayaan-3, took another step forward on Saturday after the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that it had successfully entered the moon’s orbit. ISRO releases video of the moon At present, the craft is circling the moon in a highly elliptical orbit. The Indian space agency, on Sunday (August 6), released a video captured during the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) on X, formerly known as Twitter, that took place a day prior. The Moon, as viewed by #Chandrayaan3 spacecraft during Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) on August 5, 2023.#ISRO pic.twitter.com/xQtVyLTu0c — LVM3-M4/CHANDRAYAAN-3 MISSION (@chandrayaan_3) August 6, 2023 × The video was released a day after the completion of a critical manoeuvre, LOI, with which Chandrayaan-3 was successfully inserted into a lunar orbit. It is a significant milestone for the Indian space programme, that all Indian Lunar crafts Chandrayaan-1 (2008), Chandrayaan-2 (2019) and the ongoing Chandrayaan-3, have flawlessly entered into an orbit around the moon. ALSO READ | With Chandrayaan-3 entering Lunar orbit, all Indian Lunar crafts have circled the moon Chandrayaan-3 successfully completes orbit reduction manoeuvre In an update about the mission, ISRO took to X and also said, "The spacecraft successfully underwent a planned orbit reduction manoeuvre. The retro-firing of engines brought it closer to the Moon's surface, now to 170 km x 4313 km." It added, "The next operation to further reduce the orbit is scheduled for August 9, 2023, between 13:00 and 14:00 hrs. IST." Chandrayaan-3 Mission: The spacecraft successfully underwent a planned orbit reduction maneuver. The retrofiring of engines brought it closer to the Moon's surface, now to 170 km x 4313 km. The next operation to further reduce the orbit is scheduled for August 9, 2023, between… pic.twitter.com/e17kql5p4c — ISRO (@isro) August 6, 2023 × Lunar Orbit Injection (LOI) In the late hours of July 31, the craft performed Trans-Lunar injection (TLI), a long-duration firing of its engines, and began a journey that pushed it out of Earth’s gravitational influence and towards Lunar gravitational influence. Speaking to WION about the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI), Dr Mylswamy Annadurai (Retd), Former Director of India’s UR Rao Satellite Centre, said, “During the Lunar orbit insertion, the craft will reach the vicinity of the moon and within the Lunar gravitational influence. Thereafter, it would fire its onboard engines to slow itself down and get captured into Lunar orbit. Then, it would begin to circle the moon in a highly elliptical orbit.” During the first weeks of August, the spacecraft is set to complete five to six orbits around the moon before a precise landing site on the moon’s south pole area is determined. ALSO READ | Chandrayaan-3 successfully inserted into Moon’s orbit, under lunar gravity now: ISRO About the Chandrayaan-3 mission Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14 from India’s spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota and is expected to make a soft landing near the Lunar south pole at around 70 degrees latitude, by the end of August. A successful Lunar soft landing would make India the fourth nation to do so after Russia, the United States and China. India’s third moon mission spacecraft has covered over three lakh kilometres between Earth and Moon. It had completed its orbits around the Earth on August 1 when it embarked on its trans-lunar journey. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

WATCH | ISRO releases video of the moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 as it enters lunar orbit

<p>India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has covered 2/3rd the distance to the moon and is expected to be captured by the Lunar gravitational influence by 7:00pm (IST), Saturday evening. The next crucial manoeuvre for the craft will be a Lunar Orbit Insertion, where the craft gets captured by Lunar gravitational influence and begins to orbit the moon. "The (Chandrayaan-3) spacecraft has covered about two-thirds of the distance to the moon. Lunar Orbit Injection (LOI) set for Aug 5, 2023, around 19:00 Hrs. IST," ISRO tweeted.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In the late hours of July 31st, the craft performed Trans-Lunar injection (TLI), a long-duration firing of its engines and began a journey that pushed it out of Earth's gravitational influence and towards Lunar gravitational influence. "By firing its engines for the TLI, the craft gained departure velocity and set course from the earth orbit towards a location in the vicinity of the moon. At present, the craft is travelling from Earth to the vicinity of the moon and at the designated time it will rendezvous with the moon," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai (Retd), Former Director of India's UR Rao Satellite Centre, told WION.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/spacecraft-mission-operations-the-science-thats-steering-chandrayaan-3-to-the-moon-622124">Explained | Spacecraft Mission Operations, the science that's steering Chandrayaan-3 to the Moon</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>Explaining the upcoming Lunar Orbit insertion, he said, "During the Lunar orbit insertion, the craft will reach the vicinity of the moon and within the Lunar gravitational influence. Thereafter, it would fire its onboard engines to slow itself down and get captured into Lunar orbit. Then, it would begin to circle the moon in a highly-elliptical orbit". Having contributed majorly towards India's maiden Lunar mission Chandrayaan-1, as its Project Director, Dr Annadurai earned the moniker 'Moon Man of India'.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Initially, to escape from Earth orbit, Chandrayaan-3 sequentially slingshot itself into orbits farther and farther from the Earth and eventually performed the TLI burn. After being captured in Lunar orbit on Saturday, the craft would perform engine burns that would get it into orbits that gradually move closer to the moon. This is a process followed in preparation for the eventual Lunar soft-landing that ISRO has planned for 23rd August at 5:47pm (IST) Indian standard time.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/what-is-lunar-codex-unique-project-sending-digitised-work-of-30000-artists-on-moon-621629">What is Lunar Codex? Unique project sending digitised work of 30,000 artists to moon</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>Chandrayaan-3 is expected to make a soft landing near the Lunar south pole at around 70 degrees latitude. Performing a successful Lunar soft landing would make India the fourth nation to do so, after Russia, the USA and China. The 3.9ton Lunar spacecraft was launched into earth orbit on 14th July, by India's heaviest rocket LVM3 and marked the seventh successive successful flight of the rocket. The Chandrayaan-3 Lunar lander (including rover) weighs 1750kgs, whereas the rover weighs 26kgs. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft carries a total of six payloads that are mounted on the propulsion module, the lander and the rover.</p>

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India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has covered 2/3rd the distance to the moon and is expected to be captured by the Lunar gravitational influence by 7:00pm (IST), Saturday evening.

India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has covered 2/3rd the distance to the moon and is expected to be captured by the Lunar gravitational influence by 7:00pm (IST), Saturday evening. The next crucial manoeuvre for the craft will be a Lunar Orbit Insertion, where the craft gets captured by Lunar gravitational influence and begins to orbit the moon. "The (Chandrayaan-3) spacecraft has covered about two-thirds of the distance to the moon. Lunar Orbit Injection (LOI) set for Aug 5, 2023, around 19:00 Hrs. IST," ISRO tweeted. In the late hours of July 31st, the craft performed Trans-Lunar injection (TLI), a long-duration firing of its engines and began a journey that pushed it out of Earth's gravitational influence and towards Lunar gravitational influence. "By firing its engines for the TLI, the craft gained departure velocity and set course from the earth orbit towards a location in the vicinity of the moon. At present, the craft is travelling from Earth to the vicinity of the moon and at the designated time it will rendezvous with the moon," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai (Retd), Former Director of India's UR Rao Satellite Centre, told WION. Also read: Explained | Spacecraft Mission Operations, the science that's steering Chandrayaan-3 to the Moon Explaining the upcoming Lunar Orbit insertion, he said, "During the Lunar orbit insertion, the craft will reach the vicinity of the moon and within the Lunar gravitational influence. Thereafter, it would fire its onboard engines to slow itself down and get captured into Lunar orbit. Then, it would begin to circle the moon in a highly-elliptical orbit". Having contributed majorly towards India's maiden Lunar mission Chandrayaan-1, as its Project Director, Dr Annadurai earned the moniker 'Moon Man of India'. Initially, to escape from Earth orbit, Chandrayaan-3 sequentially slingshot itself into orbits farther and farther from the Earth and eventually performed the TLI burn. After being captured in Lunar orbit on Saturday, the craft would perform engine burns that would get it into orbits that gradually move closer to the moon. This is a process followed in preparation for the eventual Lunar soft-landing that ISRO has planned for 23rd August at 5:47pm (IST) Indian standard time. Also read: What is Lunar Codex? Unique project sending digitised work of 30,000 artists to moon Chandrayaan-3 is expected to make a soft landing near the Lunar south pole at around 70 degrees latitude. Performing a successful Lunar soft landing would make India the fourth nation to do so, after Russia, the USA and China. The 3.9ton Lunar spacecraft was launched into earth orbit on 14th July, by India's heaviest rocket LVM3 and marked the seventh successive successful flight of the rocket. The Chandrayaan-3 Lunar lander (including rover) weighs 1750kgs, whereas the rover weighs 26kgs. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft carries a total of six payloads that are mounted on the propulsion module, the lander and the rover. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3 in final approach to lunar orbit, covers two-third distance to Moon

Chandrayaan-3 is all set to explore the lunar surface. Other missions are in the queue as well.

Chandrayaan-3: Which other upcoming space missions will explore the moon's surface after ISRO?

Chandryaan-3 is heading towards Moon. After covering the orbital path around Earth. The spacecraft entered the Moon's orbit.

Chandrayaan-3: The mission objectives of lander Vikram, rover Pragyan on the Moon

<p>A collection of various art made by humans might become immortal with the Lunar Codex programme, spearheaded by Samuel Peralta, a semi-retired physicist and art collector from Canada. The collection of varied digitised art will be sent to the moon as a lasting record of human creativity.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Lunar Codex is stored on memory cards or laser etched on NanoFiche, a 21st-century update on film-based microfiche. These will ensure that the art forms reach the lunar surface safely.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/giant-sun-umbrella-tethered-to-asteroid-may-help-fight-climate-change-study-621505">Giant ‘sun umbrella’ tethered to asteroid may help fight climate change: Study</a></p>

<p>Peralta described this initiative as a message to future generations to remind them that war, pandemics and economic crises did not stop people from creating works of art.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Art gallery on Moon’s South Pole</strong></h2>

<p>The collection of art is gathered from 30,000 artists, writers, filmmakers and musicians from 157 countries. The art forms include images, magazines, books, podcasts, movies and music, which are divided into four capsules.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The first such capsule is known as the Orion collection, which has already flown around the moon when it launched on the Orion spacecraft as part of NASA’s Artemis 1 mission last year. In the coming months, a series of lunar landers will take the Lunar Codex capsules to various destinations in craters at the moon’s South Pole and a lunar plain called Sinus Viscositatis.</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-confirm-jellyfish-who-existed-about-500-million-years-before-early-human-beings-621617">Scientists confirm jellyfish who existed about 500 million years before early human beings</a></p>

<p>The artworks will not be the first to be stranded on the moon. In 1969, when Apollo 12 mission was launched for the moon, the lunar module of the spacecraft carried a small ceramic tile bearing line drawing from Andy Warhol, the painter Robert Rauschenberg and the sculptors Forrest Myers and John Chamberlain.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Lunar Codex: Diverse collection of artworks</strong></h2>

<p>The Lunar Codex is a more diverse collection of varied artworks. It includes Ayana Ross’s New American Gothic, winner of the 2021 Bennett Prize for female artists; woodcuts and linocut by Oleysa Dzhurayeva, a printmaker who left Kyiv soon after Russia invaded Ukraine; and paintings by Connie Karleta Sales, an artist and poet who lives with neuromyelitis optica, an autoimmune disease that attacks the spinal cord and optic nerves.</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/henrietta-lacks-how-black-womans-cells-were-stolen-in-case-of-medical-racism-in-us-621564">Henrietta Lacks: How Black woman's cells were stolen in case of 'medical racism' in US</a></p>

<p>Peralta writes on the project’s website: “Our hope is that future travellers who find these time capsules will discover some of the richness of our world today … It speaks to the idea that, despite wars and pandemics and climate upheaval, humankind found time to dream, time to create art.”</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

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A collection of various art made by humans might become immortal with the Lunar Codex programme, spearheaded by Samuel Peralta, a semi-retired physicist and art collector from Canada.

A collection of various art made by humans might become immortal with the Lunar Codex programme, spearheaded by Samuel Peralta, a semi-retired physicist and art collector from Canada. The collection of varied digitised art will be sent to the moon as a lasting record of human creativity. Lunar Codex is stored on memory cards or laser etched on NanoFiche, a 21st-century update on film-based microfiche. These will ensure that the art forms reach the lunar surface safely. Also Read | Giant ‘sun umbrella’ tethered to asteroid may help fight climate change: Study Peralta described this initiative as a message to future generations to remind them that war, pandemics and economic crises did not stop people from creating works of art. Art gallery on Moon’s South Pole The collection of art is gathered from 30,000 artists, writers, filmmakers and musicians from 157 countries. The art forms include images, magazines, books, podcasts, movies and music, which are divided into four capsules. The first such capsule is known as the Orion collection, which has already flown around the moon when it launched on the Orion spacecraft as part of NASA’s Artemis 1 mission last year. In the coming months, a series of lunar landers will take the Lunar Codex capsules to various destinations in craters at the moon’s South Pole and a lunar plain called Sinus Viscositatis. Also Read | Scientists confirm jellyfish who existed about 500 million years before early human beings The artworks will not be the first to be stranded on the moon. In 1969, when Apollo 12 mission was launched for the moon, the lunar module of the spacecraft carried a small ceramic tile bearing line drawing from Andy Warhol, the painter Robert Rauschenberg and the sculptors Forrest Myers and John Chamberlain. Lunar Codex: Diverse collection of artworks The Lunar Codex is a more diverse collection of varied artworks. It includes Ayana Ross’s New American Gothic, winner of the 2021 Bennett Prize for female artists; woodcuts and linocut by Oleysa Dzhurayeva, a printmaker who left Kyiv soon after Russia invaded Ukraine; and paintings by Connie Karleta Sales, an artist and poet who lives with neuromyelitis optica, an autoimmune disease that attacks the spinal cord and optic nerves. Also Read | Henrietta Lacks: How Black woman's cells were stolen in case of 'medical racism' in US Peralta writes on the project’s website: “Our hope is that future travellers who find these time capsules will discover some of the richness of our world today … It speaks to the idea that, despite wars and pandemics and climate upheaval, humankind found time to dream, time to create art.” (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

What is Lunar Codex? Unique project sending digitised work of 30,000 artists to moon

The sky watchers are in for a Celestial treat this month. Starting today, August is to bring two super moons a version that will be larger and brighter than the standard moon.

Celestial treat for skywatchers: Two supermoons in August

<p>After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon. By performing a Trans-Lunar Injection (TLI), a long-duration burn of its engines (around 20 minutes), Chandrayaan-3 has completely slingshot itself out of Earth'sorbit and influence, thereby putting it on a path that will eventually lead it to the moon.</p>

<p>This crucial manoeuvre has been performed on the intervening night of Monday and Tuesday (31 July and 1 August between midnight hour and 1 am Indian Standard Time).&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Chandrayaan-3 completes its orbits around the Earth and heads towards the Moon. A successful perigee-firing performed at ISTRAC, ISRO has injected the spacecraft into the translunar orbit. Next stop: the Moon. As it arrives at the moon, the Lunar-Orbit Insertion (LOI) is planned for Aug 5, 2023," the Indian space agency posted on X, formerly known as Twitter at 00:32 hrs on 1 August, Indian Standard Time.</p>

<p>So far, during its orbit around the earth, as per commands from ISRO's tracking, telemetry and command facility (ISTRAC), the spacecraft fired its onboard engines on five pre-planned occasions. During each of these engine firings, the craft slingshot itself into a higher orbit and moved further away from the Earth. But now, the craft has exited the earth's influence and set course for the moon.</p>

<p>To get its spacecraft to destinations far away from the Earth (Moon, Mars), the Indian space agency has been using the Slingshot method, scientifically known as Hohmann Transfer Orbits. This is an energy-efficient technique to get a spacecraft to its destination, in the absence of powerful and heavy-lifting rockets.</p>

<p>With extremely powerful rockets (such as America's Space Launch System), it is possible to propel a massive craft(weighing close to 40 tonnes) to the moon in less than a week. Given that India's LVM3 rocket has around only a fraction of the lifting power of global super-heavy rockets, the Indian space agency is using a time-consuming method (which takes more than a month) to get its 3.9-tonne craft to the moon, using available resources.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Having heavier and more powerful rockets offers the performance to carry heavy and more capable spacecraft. The combination of heavy rockets and heavy spacecraft will ensure that the craft is able to develop the velocity and departure energy required to rapidly exit the earth's influence and set course for the moon(Trans Lunar Injection).&nbsp;</p>

<p>Here on, the craft will travel around five days to reach a pre-determined point in space, where the moon will also be at the time. Remember, the moon is also circling the earth and the spacecraft is also circling the earth, so the craft and the moon will have to meet at a certain ideal time and place. Once that meeting happens, the craft will be captured by the moon's gravity and it would begin to orbit the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Thereafter, during the ideal time and day, the lunar craft is allowed to de-boost itself and progressively get closer to the moon's surface, slow itself down gradually and prepare for a lunar landing. ISRO has planned Chandrayaan-3's lunar landing at 5:47 pm Indian Standard Time on 23rd August.&nbsp;</p>

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<p>With a mission life of one lunar day (14 Earth days), Chandrayaan-3 is meant to land near the Lunar south pole(approximately at 80 degrees latitude).</p>

<p>It is imperative for the mission's 'Vikram' lander to touch down on the Lunar surface at the start of the Lunar day, in order to make use of available sunlight(using solar panels &amp; batteries) and operate its science payloads, sensors, gather data and communicate it back to earth.</p>

<p>ISRO's Lunar spacecraft is meant to land a few hundred kilometres away from the Lunar south pole. The Lunar south pole is a region that has largely remained unexplored, owing to the near-nil sunlight illumination there. It is believed that many mysteries of the moon could be unravelled by performing in-situ probing of this region.&nbsp;</p>

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After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon.

After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon. By performing a Trans-Lunar Injection (TLI), a long-duration burn of its engines (around 20 minutes), Chandrayaan-3 has completely slingshot itself out of Earth'sorbit and influence, thereby putting it on a path that will eventually lead it to the moon. This crucial manoeuvre has been performed on the intervening night of Monday and Tuesday (31 July and 1 August between midnight hour and 1 am Indian Standard Time). "Chandrayaan-3 completes its orbits around the Earth and heads towards the Moon. A successful perigee-firing performed at ISTRAC, ISRO has injected the spacecraft into the translunar orbit. Next stop: the Moon. As it arrives at the moon, the Lunar-Orbit Insertion (LOI) is planned for Aug 5, 2023," the Indian space agency posted on X, formerly known as Twitter at 00:32 hrs on 1 August, Indian Standard Time. So far, during its orbit around the earth, as per commands from ISRO's tracking, telemetry and command facility (ISTRAC), the spacecraft fired its onboard engines on five pre-planned occasions. During each of these engine firings, the craft slingshot itself into a higher orbit and moved further away from the Earth. But now, the craft has exited the earth's influence and set course for the moon. To get its spacecraft to destinations far away from the Earth (Moon, Mars), the Indian space agency has been using the Slingshot method, scientifically known as Hohmann Transfer Orbits. This is an energy-efficient technique to get a spacecraft to its destination, in the absence of powerful and heavy-lifting rockets. With extremely powerful rockets (such as America's Space Launch System), it is possible to propel a massive craft(weighing close to 40 tonnes) to the moon in less than a week. Given that India's LVM3 rocket has around only a fraction of the lifting power of global super-heavy rockets, the Indian space agency is using a time-consuming method (which takes more than a month) to get its 3.9-tonne craft to the moon, using available resources. Having heavier and more powerful rockets offers the performance to carry heavy and more capable spacecraft. The combination of heavy rockets and heavy spacecraft will ensure that the craft is able to develop the velocity and departure energy required to rapidly exit the earth's influence and set course for the moon(Trans Lunar Injection). Here on, the craft will travel around five days to reach a pre-determined point in space, where the moon will also be at the time. Remember, the moon is also circling the earth and the spacecraft is also circling the earth, so the craft and the moon will have to meet at a certain ideal time and place. Once that meeting happens, the craft will be captured by the moon's gravity and it would begin to orbit the moon. Thereafter, during the ideal time and day, the lunar craft is allowed to de-boost itself and progressively get closer to the moon's surface, slow itself down gradually and prepare for a lunar landing. ISRO has planned Chandrayaan-3's lunar landing at 5:47 pm Indian Standard Time on 23rd August. Watch | All about Chandrayaan-3 mission × With a mission life of one lunar day (14 Earth days), Chandrayaan-3 is meant to land near the Lunar south pole(approximately at 80 degrees latitude). It is imperative for the mission's 'Vikram' lander to touch down on the Lunar surface at the start of the Lunar day, in order to make use of available sunlight(using solar panels & batteries) and operate its science payloads, sensors, gather data and communicate it back to earth. ISRO's Lunar spacecraft is meant to land a few hundred kilometres away from the Lunar south pole. The Lunar south pole is a region that has largely remained unexplored, owing to the near-nil sunlight illumination there. It is believed that many mysteries of the moon could be unravelled by performing in-situ probing of this region. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Chandrayaan-3 leaves Earth's influence after 17 days in orbit. Next stop: Moon

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