For several years, India’s space programme has been known for doing the improbable on a modest budget. The Mars mission that cost less than many Hollywood productions, the moon landing that etched India’s name in history books and the satellites launched for countries – the world has seen India’s reliable and affordable technology. However, Gaganyaan comes with different challenges.India is preparing to launch its first human spaceflight that could place India among a select group of nations that have independently sent humans into space. So far, only the United States, Russia and China have achieved that milestone.While a rocket carrying a satellite only needs to protect a machine, a spacecraft carrying astronauts has to ensure human lives remain safe. Having a significance far beyond the launch pad, Gaganyaan is a test of whether India can move from mastering robotic missions to building the much more demanding ecosystem required to keep humans alive beyond Earth.The mission, approved by the Union Cabinet in 2018 with an initial budget of ₹9,023 crore, aims to send Indian astronauts into a low Earth orbit of around 400 kilometres and bring them back safely. The spacecraft will be launched using India’s heaviest operational rocket, the human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), after extensive testing and validation.Also read |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-will-e20-fuel-affect-your-car-here-s-what-science-says-1783249256370"> Will E20 fuel affect your car? Here's what science says</a><h2>From satellites to astronauts: India’s biggest space test yet</h2>India has spent decades building expertise in launch vehicles and satellite technology. But human spaceflight belongs to a different league. This requires a spacecraft that can handle emergencies, systems that can sustain astronauts in orbit and technology that can safely bring them back through Earth’s atmosphere.The achievement would not just add another milestone to India’s space record; it would signal that the country has developed capabilities that few nations possess.Human spaceflight requires an ecosystem. It needs companies that can manufacture precision components, develop electronics, build specialised materials and create technologies capable of operating in extreme conditions.The mission could also encourage greater investment in India’s space start-up ecosystem, which has seen rapid growth in recent years.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/as-global-supply-chains-shift-can-india-become-the-next-manufacturing-hub-1783159714059">As global supply chains shift, can India become the next manufacturing hub?</a><h2>A new race beyond Earth</h2>Gaganyaan comes at a time when the global space industry is moving beyond traditional satellite launches. The United States is preparing for future Moon missions under NASA’s Artemis programme, China is operating its Tiangong space station, and private companies are developing commercial orbital platforms. The focus is shifting towards sustained human activity in space.For India, developing human spaceflight capability is an important step towards its own long-term plans, including the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station and future exploration missions. The ability to send humans into orbit is not just a technological achievement; it is also a measure of a country’s scientific and industrial strength.<h2>More than a one-time mission</h2>The success of Gaganyaan will ultimately be judged by more than the launch day photographs or the astronauts’ return to Earth. The larger question is what India builds around it. A successful mission could create demand for new technologies, strengthen private participation and give Indian companies experience in one of the most advanced areas of aerospace.India has already proved it can reach space efficiently. With Gaganyaan, it is attempting to prove it can operate there with humans on board.Watch | ISRO genius preparing India's future minds | Vijay govt's big move<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed</a>&nbsp;

Gaganyaan could reshape India’s role in the global space industry by proving human spaceflight capability, boosting private space companies, driving innovation and opening new opportunities in the commercial space economy.

For several years, India’s space programme has been known for doing the improbable on a modest budget. The Mars mission that cost less than many Hollywood productions, the moon landing that etched India’s name in history books and the satellites launched for countries – the world has seen India’s reliable and affordable technology. However, Gaganyaan comes with different challenges. India is preparing to launch its first human spaceflight that could place India among a select group of nations that have independently sent humans into space. So far, only the United States, Russia and China have achieved that milestone. While a rocket carrying a satellite only needs to protect a machine, a spacecraft carrying astronauts has to ensure human lives remain safe. Having a significance far beyond the launch pad, Gaganyaan is a test of whether India can move from mastering robotic missions to building the much more demanding ecosystem required to keep humans alive beyond Earth. The mission, approved by the Union Cabinet in 2018 with an initial budget of ₹9,023 crore, aims to send Indian astronauts into a low Earth orbit of around 400 kilometres and bring them back safely. The spacecraft will be launched using India’s heaviest operational rocket, the human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), after extensive testing and validation. Also read | Will E20 fuel affect your car? Here's what science says From satellites to astronauts: India’s biggest space test yet India has spent decades building expertise in launch vehicles and satellite technology. But human spaceflight belongs to a different league. This requires a spacecraft that can handle emergencies, systems that can sustain astronauts in orbit and technology that can safely bring them back through Earth’s atmosphere. The achievement would not just add another milestone to India’s space record; it would signal that the country has developed capabilities that few nations possess. Human spaceflight requires an ecosystem. It needs companies that can manufacture precision components, develop electronics, build specialised materials and create technologies capable of operating in extreme conditions. The mission could also encourage greater investment in India’s space start-up ecosystem, which has seen rapid growth in recent years. Also read | As global supply chains shift, can India become the next manufacturing hub? A new race beyond Earth Gaganyaan comes at a time when the global space industry is moving beyond traditional satellite launches. The United States is preparing for future Moon missions under NASA’s Artemis programme, China is operating its Tiangong space station, and private companies are developing commercial orbital platforms. The focus is shifting towards sustained human activity in space. For India, developing human spaceflight capability is an important step towards its own long-term plans, including the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station and future exploration missions. The ability to send humans into orbit is not just a technological achievement; it is also a measure of a country’s scientific and industrial strength. More than a one-time mission The success of Gaganyaan will ultimately be judged by more than the launch day photographs or the astronauts’ return to Earth. The larger question is what India builds around it. A successful mission could create demand for new technologies, strengthen private participation and give Indian companies experience in one of the most advanced areas of aerospace. India has already proved it can reach space efficiently. With Gaganyaan, it is attempting to prove it can operate there with humans on board. Watch | ISRO genius preparing India's future minds | Vijay govt's big move https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-genius-preparing-india-s-future-minds-vijay-govt-s-big-move-1782928647168/embed

Gaganyaan could reshape India’s role in the global space industry by proving human spaceflight capability, boosting private space companies, driving innovation and opening new opportunities in the commercial space economy.

Gaganyaan: The mission that could change how the world sees India’s space ambitions

Indian space agency ISRO has successfully completed the second Integrated Air Drop test(IADT), an air-sea coordinated effort done in preparation for the Gaganyaan astronaut mission. ISRO conducted the IADT along with the Indian Air Force, Indian Navy, off the Indian spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This test was meant to validate the series of parachutes that sequentially deploy to ensure the safe and smooth splashdown of the capsule meant to carry India's astronauts.The announcement regarding the successful completion of the test came from Dr Jitendra Singh, India's science minister. However, ISRO has not revealed any information regarding this test and how it is different from the IADT carried out in August 2025.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/-akshay-patra-of-power-how-new-advanced-atomic-reactor-is-key-to-india-s-1-000-year-energy-plan-1775559002801">How new advanced atomic reactor is key to India’s 1,000-year energy plan</a><h2>What is the IADT test? How is it done?</h2>The test involves an Indian Air Force Boeing CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopter, which carries an underslung load of 4,000-5000kg (the Gaganyaan astronaut-carrying capsule). The tandem-rotor helicopter lifts the capsule to an altitude of about 3,000-4,000meters (3-4 kilometres), and then drops it into the sea, typically at least 10 kilometres away from the coast.As the capsule descends rapidly, it sequentially deploys a series of parachutes to slow itself down for a safe and smooth splashdown landing. Think of it like skydiving: as soon as one jumps out of the plane, the descent is rapid and uncontrolled. But when the parachutes are deployed, the descent becomes controlled and slow. This test validates the deployment of multiple parachutes and related systems installed on the Gaganyaan crew module.Such a safe splashdown landing using a series of parachutes is the crucial final step when an astronaut-carrying capsule returns from space.&nbsp; Once the capsule safely splashes down, the Indian Navy's vessels pre-positioned in the region deploy their smaller boats to approach the capsule, inspect it, and connect the capsule to a ship-borne crane. Thereafter, the capsule gets lifted up by the massive ship-borne crane and is safely placed on the ship's deck.This operation will be closely monitored from the air and sea by a range of assets belonging to ISRO, Navy, and IAF. Parachutes for this test have been developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). Being a national mission, Gaganyaan requires multi-agency synergy and coordination.Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/-why-didn-t-she-save-my-daughter-mother-of-rg-kar-rape-murder-victim-enters-west-bengal-election-fray-vows-to-defeat-mamata-banerjee-1775707531406">RG Kar rape-murder victim's mother vows to defeat Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal</a><h2>IADT is one among thousands of Gaganyaan-related tests</h2>In the process of accomplishing the Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission, ISRO must conduct thousands of tests spanning various technical domains: electrical, mechanical, chemical, software, materials, navigation, guidance, automation, etc.While thousands of tests have been completed, several thousand remain, and new technologies are being tested and validated. However, most of the testing happens behind closed doors, and it is only the rare ones like IADT and other rocketry-related tests that happen out in the open and with the involvement of military assets.As for the high-profile tests that happen in the open, ISRO has to accomplish more Integrated Air Drop Tests, more Test Vehicle launches (mid-flight abort and ejection), Pad Abort Tests (ejecting, saving crew capsule from a potential rocket explosion at launchpad), and multiple unmanned flights of the whole Gaganyaan rocket and spacecraft, using a robot instead of astronauts.Only when all these tests go flawlessly can ISRO put astronauts on its rocket and fly them to space. In 2018, Indian Prime Minister Modi announced that Gaganyaan would be accomplished in 2022. At present, the Indian Government says that Gaganyaan would be accomplished in 2027. However, given the pace of activities, it is evident that it could take years more.&nbsp;

How close is India to sending humans into space? After a key parachute drop test, ISRO has taken another step toward its ambitious Gaganyaan mission. Scroll down to read more.

Indian space agency ISRO has successfully completed the second Integrated Air Drop test(IADT), an air-sea coordinated effort done in preparation for the Gaganyaan astronaut mission. ISRO conducted the IADT along with the Indian Air Force, Indian Navy, off the Indian spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This test was meant to validate the series of parachutes that sequentially deploy to ensure the safe and smooth splashdown of the capsule meant to carry India's astronauts. The announcement regarding the successful completion of the test came from Dr Jitendra Singh, India's science minister. However, ISRO has not revealed any information regarding this test and how it is different from the IADT carried out in August 2025. Also read | How new advanced atomic reactor is key to India’s 1,000-year energy plan What is the IADT test? How is it done? The test involves an Indian Air Force Boeing CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopter, which carries an underslung load of 4,000-5000kg (the Gaganyaan astronaut-carrying capsule). The tandem-rotor helicopter lifts the capsule to an altitude of about 3,000-4,000meters (3-4 kilometres), and then drops it into the sea, typically at least 10 kilometres away from the coast. As the capsule descends rapidly, it sequentially deploys a series of parachutes to slow itself down for a safe and smooth splashdown landing. Think of it like skydiving: as soon as one jumps out of the plane, the descent is rapid and uncontrolled. But when the parachutes are deployed, the descent becomes controlled and slow. This test validates the deployment of multiple parachutes and related systems installed on the Gaganyaan crew module. Such a safe splashdown landing using a series of parachutes is the crucial final step when an astronaut-carrying capsule returns from space. Once the capsule safely splashes down, the Indian Navy's vessels pre-positioned in the region deploy their smaller boats to approach the capsule, inspect it, and connect the capsule to a ship-borne crane. Thereafter, the capsule gets lifted up by the massive ship-borne crane and is safely placed on the ship's deck. This operation will be closely monitored from the air and sea by a range of assets belonging to ISRO, Navy, and IAF. Parachutes for this test have been developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). Being a national mission, Gaganyaan requires multi-agency synergy and coordination. Also read | RG Kar rape-murder victim's mother vows to defeat Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal IADT is one among thousands of Gaganyaan-related tests In the process of accomplishing the Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission, ISRO must conduct thousands of tests spanning various technical domains: electrical, mechanical, chemical, software, materials, navigation, guidance, automation, etc. While thousands of tests have been completed, several thousand remain, and new technologies are being tested and validated. However, most of the testing happens behind closed doors, and it is only the rare ones like IADT and other rocketry-related tests that happen out in the open and with the involvement of military assets. As for the high-profile tests that happen in the open, ISRO has to accomplish more Integrated Air Drop Tests, more Test Vehicle launches (mid-flight abort and ejection), Pad Abort Tests (ejecting, saving crew capsule from a potential rocket explosion at launchpad), and multiple unmanned flights of the whole Gaganyaan rocket and spacecraft, using a robot instead of astronauts. Only when all these tests go flawlessly can ISRO put astronauts on its rocket and fly them to space. In 2018, Indian Prime Minister Modi announced that Gaganyaan would be accomplished in 2022. At present, the Indian Government says that Gaganyaan would be accomplished in 2027. However, given the pace of activities, it is evident that it could take years more.

How close is India to sending humans into space? After a key parachute drop test, ISRO has taken another step toward its ambitious Gaganyaan mission. Scroll down to read more.

ISRO accomplishes second air drop test of Gaganyaan capsule

Gaganyaan, meaning "sky craft" in Sanskrit, represents India's ambitious dream of sending Indian astronauts to space for the first time. This historic mission has taken another significant step forward with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully completing the first Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-01) on August 24, 2025. This crucial test involved an Indian Air Force Chinook helicopter carrying a dummy crew capsule weighing approximately 5,000 kg to an altitude of a few kilometers before dropping it into the sea, demonstrating the parachute-based deceleration system that will safely bring Indian astronauts back to Earth.The IADT-01 test was not just ISRO's achievement alone. It showcased the true spirit of collaboration between India's premier institutions – the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Indian Air Force, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Indian Navy, and Indian Coast Guard all worked together to make this test successful. This joint effort highlights how different branches of India's defense and space sectors are united in making the Gaganyaan mission a reality.The parachute system tested in IADT-01 is critical for astronaut safety. When Indian astronauts return from their space journey, they will be travelling at extremely high speeds as they re-enter Earth's atmosphere. The parachute deceleration system must work flawlessly to slow down the crew module and ensure a safe landing. This test validated the entire end-to-end process, from the moment the parachutes deploy to the final touchdown, giving engineers confidence that the system will protect India's future space travellers.The Gaganyaan Programme, approved with a substantial budget of approximately ₹20,193 crore, represents India's first indigenous human spaceflight initiative. The mission aims to send Indian astronauts, called "Gaganyatris," to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), where they will spend several days conducting scientific experiments and demonstrating India's technological capabilities in human spaceflight. The four selected astronauts for this mission are Group Captain Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap, and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla, all highly experienced Indian Air Force test pilots. This achievement will place India among the elite group of nations – currently only Russia, the United States, and China – that have independently sent humans to space.The progress made in the Gaganyaan mission has been remarkable across multiple fronts. The Human Rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (HLVM3), which will carry Indian astronauts to space, has completed its development and ground testing phases. This powerful rocket has been specially modified to meet the stringent safety standards required for human spaceflight, with additional safety systems and redundancies built in to protect the crew.The Orbital Module, consisting of the Crew Module where astronauts will live and work, and the Service Module that provides power and propulsion, has seen significant advancement. The propulsion systems for both modules have been developed and thoroughly tested. The Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), which will maintain breathable air, a comfortable temperature, and proper humidity inside the crew module, has been realised in its engineering model form. The ECLSS is essentially the life-giving system that will keep astronauts alive in the harsh environment of space by providing clean air to breathe, removing carbon dioxide, controlling temperature and humidity, and managing water supply. This complex system has been successfully tested and validated in laboratory conditions.Safety remains the top priority for the Gaganyaan mission, and the Crew Escape System (CES) exemplifies this commitment. Five different types of motors have been developed and static tested for this system, which can quickly pull the crew module away from the launch vehicle in case of any emergency during launch. The successful TV-D1 test flight earlier validated this critical safety system, and preparations are now underway for TV-D2, scheduled for the third quarter of 2025.Infrastructure development for Gaganyaan has been extensive. Specialised facilities, including the Orbital Module Preparation Facility, Gaganyaan Control Centre, crew training facility, and modifications to the second launch pad at Sriharikota have all been established. These facilities will support not only the upcoming test flights but also the operational phase of the mission when Indian astronauts finally journey to space.The mission timeline is taking shape with concrete dates. The second test vehicle mission (TV-D2) is planned for the third quarter of 2025, which will further validate the crew escape system. The first unmanned orbital flight under the Gaganyaan mission (G1) is targeted for the fourth quarter of 2025. This will be followed by two more unmanned orbital flights (G2 and G3) in 2026, each testing different aspects of the spacecraft and mission operations before the final crewed flight.Flight operations and communication networks have been carefully planned and established. The ground network configuration has been finalised, and the Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS-1) feeder stations along with terrestrial links are in place. This comprehensive communication network will ensure continuous contact with the spacecraft throughout the mission.Recovery operations after the mission are equally important. Recovery assets have been finalised and detailed recovery plans have been worked out. When Indian astronauts return from space, specialised teams will be ready to quickly locate and recover the crew module, whether it lands on land or water.The Service Module Propulsion System (SMPS) development has been completed, including extensive qualification testing. For the first uncrewed mission (G1), significant hardware realisation has been achieved. The C32-G stage and CES motors are ready, solid rocket boosters have been stacked, and both crew module and service module structures have been realised.The successful completion of IADT-01 brings India one step closer to its dream of independent human spaceflight. This test, combined with all the other technological achievements in the Gaganyaan programme, demonstrates India's growing capabilities in space technology.The recent achievements of Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, who became the first Indian astronaut to visit the International Space Station in 41 years through the Axiom Mission 4, will prove invaluable to the Gaganyaan programme. Shukla spent about 18 days aboard the ISS conducting scientific experiments and gaining crucial experience in microgravity conditions. ISRO officials have emphasised that his experience in space and the knowledge gained during his mission will be extremely valuable for the Gaganyaan programme planned over the next two years.From the powerful HLVM3 rocket to the sophisticated life support systems, from advanced parachute systems tested at a few kilometers altitude to comprehensive mission control infrastructure, every component is being meticulously tested and validated. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla's pioneering journey to the International Space Station has provided invaluable real-world experience that will directly benefit India's own human spaceflight programme.The Gaganyaan mission represents more than just technological achievement – it embodies India's aspirations to be a leading space-faring nation. When Indian astronauts finally journey to space, they will carry with them the dreams and pride of 1.4 billion Indians. The success of IADT-01 and the steady progress across all mission components show that this dream is rapidly becoming reality. India's space program, which began with humble origins, is now preparing to achieve one of humanity's greatest adventures – sending people safely to space and bringing them home.

ISRO has successfully completed the first Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-01), a crucial test that demonstrates the parachute-based deceleration system that will safely bring Indian astronauts back to Earth.

Gaganyaan, meaning "sky craft" in Sanskrit, represents India's ambitious dream of sending Indian astronauts to space for the first time. This historic mission has taken another significant step forward with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully completing the first Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-01) on August 24, 2025. This crucial test involved an Indian Air Force Chinook helicopter carrying a dummy crew capsule weighing approximately 5,000 kg to an altitude of a few kilometers before dropping it into the sea, demonstrating the parachute-based deceleration system that will safely bring Indian astronauts back to Earth. The IADT-01 test was not just ISRO's achievement alone. It showcased the true spirit of collaboration between India's premier institutions – the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Indian Air Force, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Indian Navy, and Indian Coast Guard all worked together to make this test successful. This joint effort highlights how different branches of India's defense and space sectors are united in making the Gaganyaan mission a reality. The parachute system tested in IADT-01 is critical for astronaut safety. When Indian astronauts return from their space journey, they will be travelling at extremely high speeds as they re-enter Earth's atmosphere. The parachute deceleration system must work flawlessly to slow down the crew module and ensure a safe landing. This test validated the entire end-to-end process, from the moment the parachutes deploy to the final touchdown, giving engineers confidence that the system will protect India's future space travellers. The Gaganyaan Programme, approved with a substantial budget of approximately ₹20,193 crore, represents India's first indigenous human spaceflight initiative. The mission aims to send Indian astronauts, called "Gaganyatris," to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), where they will spend several days conducting scientific experiments and demonstrating India's technological capabilities in human spaceflight. The four selected astronauts for this mission are Group Captain Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap, and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla, all highly experienced Indian Air Force test pilots. This achievement will place India among the elite group of nations – currently only Russia, the United States, and China – that have independently sent humans to space. The progress made in the Gaganyaan mission has been remarkable across multiple fronts. The Human Rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (HLVM3), which will carry Indian astronauts to space, has completed its development and ground testing phases. This powerful rocket has been specially modified to meet the stringent safety standards required for human spaceflight, with additional safety systems and redundancies built in to protect the crew. The Orbital Module, consisting of the Crew Module where astronauts will live and work, and the Service Module that provides power and propulsion, has seen significant advancement. The propulsion systems for both modules have been developed and thoroughly tested. The Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), which will maintain breathable air, a comfortable temperature, and proper humidity inside the crew module, has been realised in its engineering model form. The ECLSS is essentially the life-giving system that will keep astronauts alive in the harsh environment of space by providing clean air to breathe, removing carbon dioxide, controlling temperature and humidity, and managing water supply. This complex system has been successfully tested and validated in laboratory conditions. Safety remains the top priority for the Gaganyaan mission, and the Crew Escape System (CES) exemplifies this commitment. Five different types of motors have been developed and static tested for this system, which can quickly pull the crew module away from the launch vehicle in case of any emergency during launch. The successful TV-D1 test flight earlier validated this critical safety system, and preparations are now underway for TV-D2, scheduled for the third quarter of 2025. Infrastructure development for Gaganyaan has been extensive. Specialised facilities, including the Orbital Module Preparation Facility, Gaganyaan Control Centre, crew training facility, and modifications to the second launch pad at Sriharikota have all been established. These facilities will support not only the upcoming test flights but also the operational phase of the mission when Indian astronauts finally journey to space. The mission timeline is taking shape with concrete dates. The second test vehicle mission (TV-D2) is planned for the third quarter of 2025, which will further validate the crew escape system. The first unmanned orbital flight under the Gaganyaan mission (G1) is targeted for the fourth quarter of 2025. This will be followed by two more unmanned orbital flights (G2 and G3) in 2026, each testing different aspects of the spacecraft and mission operations before the final crewed flight. Flight operations and communication networks have been carefully planned and established. The ground network configuration has been finalised, and the Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS-1) feeder stations along with terrestrial links are in place. This comprehensive communication network will ensure continuous contact with the spacecraft throughout the mission. Recovery operations after the mission are equally important. Recovery assets have been finalised and detailed recovery plans have been worked out. When Indian astronauts return from space, specialised teams will be ready to quickly locate and recover the crew module, whether it lands on land or water. The Service Module Propulsion System (SMPS) development has been completed, including extensive qualification testing. For the first uncrewed mission (G1), significant hardware realisation has been achieved. The C32-G stage and CES motors are ready, solid rocket boosters have been stacked, and both crew module and service module structures have been realised. The successful completion of IADT-01 brings India one step closer to its dream of independent human spaceflight. This test, combined with all the other technological achievements in the Gaganyaan programme, demonstrates India's growing capabilities in space technology. The recent achievements of Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, who became the first Indian astronaut to visit the International Space Station in 41 years through the Axiom Mission 4, will prove invaluable to the Gaganyaan programme. Shukla spent about 18 days aboard the ISS conducting scientific experiments and gaining crucial experience in microgravity conditions. ISRO officials have emphasised that his experience in space and the knowledge gained during his mission will be extremely valuable for the Gaganyaan programme planned over the next two years. From the powerful HLVM3 rocket to the sophisticated life support systems, from advanced parachute systems tested at a few kilometers altitude to comprehensive mission control infrastructure, every component is being meticulously tested and validated. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla's pioneering journey to the International Space Station has provided invaluable real-world experience that will directly benefit India's own human spaceflight programme. The Gaganyaan mission represents more than just technological achievement – it embodies India's aspirations to be a leading space-faring nation. When Indian astronauts finally journey to space, they will carry with them the dreams and pride of 1.4 billion Indians. The success of IADT-01 and the steady progress across all mission components show that this dream is rapidly becoming reality. India's space program, which began with humble origins, is now preparing to achieve one of humanity's greatest adventures – sending people safely to space and bringing them home.

ISRO has successfully completed the first Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-01), a crucial test that demonstrates the parachute-based deceleration system that will safely bring Indian astronauts back to Earth.

India’s space dream soars: ISRO’s air drop test success marks Gaganyaan milestone

India’s space ambitions reach new heights! ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan has confirmed that the first test flight of Gaganyaan, India’s maiden human spaceflight mission, is set for December 2025.

This uncrewed mission (G1) will carry Vyommitra, a half-humanoid robot, to simulate human presence and prepare for crewed spaceflight. With 80% of testing already completed (7,700 tests), ISRO plans to finish the remaining 2,300 tests by March 2026.


India's Gaganyaan mission: first air-drop test | Indian Navy reaches for rescue

The Indian space agency ISRO on Sunday announced the successful completion of the Gaganyaan Integrated Air Drop test (IADT), an air-sea coordinated effort done along with the Indian Air Force, Indian Navy, and Indian Coast Guard. Conducted in the Bay of Bengal, off the Indian spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, this test was meant to validate the series of parachutes that sequentially deploy to ensure the safe and smooth splashdown of the capsule meant to carry India’s astronauts.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">ISRO successfully accomplishes first Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-01) for end to end demonstration of parachute based deceleration system for Gaganyaan missions. This test is a joint effort of ISRO, Indian Air Force, DRDO,Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard <a href="https://t.co/FGaAa1Ql6o">pic.twitter.com/FGaAa1Ql6o</a>&mdash; ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1959528237484376542?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 24, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

&nbsp;On Saturday, 23rd August, WION had exclusively reported about this test taking place on Sunday morning.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-iaf-navy-to-conduct-gaganyaan-test-on-sunday-24th-august-1756003465418/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-iaf-navy-to-conduct-gaganyaan-test-on-sunday-24th-august-1756003465418/embed</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-iaf-navy-to-conduct-gaganyaan-test-on-sunday-24th-august-1755954187002">Exclusive: ISRO, IAF, Navy to conduct Gaganyaan test on Sunday, 24th August</a><h2>What is the IADT test all about? How was it done?</h2>&nbsp;The process involved an IAF Boeing CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopter, which carried an underslung load of 4,000-4,500 kg (the Gaganyan astronaut-carrying capsule). The tandem-rotor helicopter lifted the capsule to an altitude of about 4,000 metres (4 km) and then dropped it into the sea. This was done around 7 am Sunday, 24th August.&nbsp;As the capsule descended rapidly, it sequentially deployed a series of parachutes and slowed itself down for a safe and smooth splashdown landing. Think of it like skydiving; as soon as one jumps out of the plane, the descent is rapid and uncontrolled. But when the parachutes are deployed, the descent becomes controlled and slow. This test validated the deployment of multiple parachutes and related systems installed on the Gaganyaan crew module.&nbsp;Such a safe splashdown landing using a series of parachutes is the crucial final step when an astronaut-carrying capsule returns from space. During this test, an empty capsule with a mass of about 4,000-4,500 kg was used to simulate the real mass of the Gaganyaan astronaut-carrying capsule.&nbsp;Once the capsule safely splashed down, Indian Navy’s vessels that were pre-positioned in the region deployed their smaller boats to approach the capsule, inspected it, and connected the capsule to a shipborne crane. Thereafter, the capsule was lifted up by the massive shipborne crane and safely placed on the ship’s deck. It is learnt that Indian Naval Ship Anvesh played a crucial role in the seaborne operations and recovered the capsule in less than an hour of it having landed. By afternoon, the capsule was brought to the Chennai port (about 80 km south of Sriharikota) and handed over to ISRO, it is learnt.&nbsp;This operation was closely monitored from air and sea by a range of assets belonging to ISRO, the Navy, and the IAF. Parachutes for the test were developed by India's Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). Being a national mission, Gaganyaan requires multi-agency synergy and coordination.&nbsp;<h2>IADT is one among thousands of tests related to Gaganyaan</h2>&nbsp;In the process of accomplishing the Gaganyaan Human spaceflight mission, ISRO and its partner agencies must conduct thousands of tests spanning various technical domains—electrical, mechanical, chemical, software, materials, navigation, guidance, automation, etc.&nbsp;While thousands of tests have been completed, several thousand remain, and new technologies are being tested and validated. However, most of the testing happens behind closed doors, and it is only the rare ones like IADT and other rocketry-related tests that happen out in the open and with the involvement of military assets.&nbsp;As for the high-profile tests that happen in the open, ISRO has to accomplish more Integrated Air Drop Tests, more Test Vehicle launches (mid-flight abort and ejection), Pad Abort Tests (ejecting and saving the crew capsule from a rocket explosion at the launchpad), and multiple unmanned flights of the whole Gaganyaan rocket and spacecraft, using a robot instead of astronauts.&nbsp;Only when all these tests go flawlessly, can ISRO put astronauts on its rocket and fly them to space. In 2018, it was formally announced that Gaganyaan launch would be accomplished in 2022. At present, it is being officially stated that the Gaganyaan astronaut mission will be accomplished in 2027.

During the test, the capsule splashed down safely, after which the Indian Navy’s vessels that were pre-positioned in the region deployed their smaller boats to approach the capsule, inspected it, and connected the capsule to a shipborne crane.

The Indian space agency ISRO on Sunday announced the successful completion of the Gaganyaan Integrated Air Drop test (IADT), an air-sea coordinated effort done along with the Indian Air Force, Indian Navy, and Indian Coast Guard. Conducted in the Bay of Bengal, off the Indian spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, this test was meant to validate the series of parachutes that sequentially deploy to ensure the safe and smooth splashdown of the capsule meant to carry India’s astronauts.

During the test, the capsule splashed down safely, after which the Indian Navy’s vessels that were pre-positioned in the region deployed their smaller boats to approach the capsule, inspected it, and connected the capsule to a shipborne crane.

ISRO’s Gaganyaan IADT test successful; Navy recovers capsule, returns it to ISRO

If weather permits and several other technical parameters align, the Indian space agency ISRO, the Indian Air Force (IAF), and the Indian Navy (IN) will be conducting a crucial Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight-related test on Sunday, 24th August, WION has learnt. If all goes well, the test will be conducted around sunrise hour, in the Bay of Bengal, off Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, where India’s spaceport is located.&nbsp;&nbsp;The rehearsals for this test have been going on through this month. On a few occasions this week, the tests were postponed owing to unfavourable weather conditions, as there was a storm brewing off the North Andhra Pradesh-South Odisha coasts.&nbsp;Known as the Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT), the process involves an IAF Boeing CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopter that will carry an underslung load of 4,000-4500 kg (the Gaganyan astronaut-carrying capsule), lift it to an altitude of about 4,000 metres (4 km), and then drop it into the sea. As the capsule descends rapidly, it is meant to sequentially deploy a series of parachutes and slow itself down for a safe splashdown landing.&nbsp;Such a safe splashdown landing using a series of parachutes is the crucial final step when an astronaut-carrying capsule returns from space. During this test, an empty capsule with a mass of about 4,000-4,500 kg is to be used, to simulate the real mass of the Gaganyaan astronaut-carrying capsule.&nbsp;Once the capsule safely splashes down, Indian Navy’s vessels that are pre-positioned in the region would deploy their smaller boats to approach the capsule, inspect it, and connect the capsule to a shipborne crane. Thereafter, the capsule would be lifted up by the massive shipborne crane and safely placed on the ship’s deck. It is learnt that Indian Naval Ship Anvesh would play a crucial role in the seaborne operations.&nbsp;This operation will be closely monitored from air and sea by a range of assets belonging to ISRO, Navy, and IAF. Parachutes for this test have been developed by India’s Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). Being a national mission, Gaganyaan requires multi-agency synergy and coordination.&nbsp;IADT is one among thousands of tests related to Gaganyaan&nbsp;In the process of accomplishing the Gaganyaan Human spaceflight mission, ISRO and its partner agencies must conduct thousands of tests spanning various technical domains—electrical, mechanical, chemical, software, materials, navigation, guidance, automation, etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;While thousands of tests have been completed, several thousand still remain, and new technologies are being tested and validated. However, most of the testing happens behind closed doors, and it is only the rare ones like IADT and other rocketry-related tests that happen out in the open and with the involvement of military assets.&nbsp;As for the high-profile tests that happen in the open, ISRO has to accomplish more Integrated Air Drop Tests, more Test Vehicle launches (mid-flight abort and ejection), Pad Abort Tests (ejecting, saving crew capsule from a rocket explosion at launchpad), and multiple unmanned flights of the whole Gaganyaan rocket and spacecraft, using a robot instead of astronaut.&nbsp;Only when all these tests go flawlessly can ISRO put astronauts on its rocket and fly them to space. While it is officially maintained that Gaganyaan launch could happen in 2027, going by the track record so far and the immense complexities involved, a more realistic timeline suggests that the Gaganyaan astronaut mission could happen closer to 2030.

A safe splashdown landing while using a series of parachutes is the crucial final step when an astronaut-carrying capsule returns from space. An empty capsule with a mass of about 4,000-4,500 kg is to be used during this test.

If weather permits and several other technical parameters align, the Indian space agency ISRO, the Indian Air Force (IAF), and the Indian Navy (IN) will be conducting a crucial Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight-related test on Sunday, 24th August, WION has learnt. If all goes well, the test will be conducted around sunrise hour, in the Bay of Bengal, off Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, where India’s spaceport is located. The rehearsals for this test have been going on through this month. On a few occasions this week, the tests were postponed owing to unfavourable weather conditions, as there was a storm brewing off the North Andhra Pradesh-South Odisha coasts. Known as the Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT), the process involves an IAF Boeing CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopter that will carry an underslung load of 4,000-4500 kg (the Gaganyan astronaut-carrying capsule), lift it to an altitude of about 4,000 metres (4 km), and then drop it into the sea. As the capsule descends rapidly, it is meant to sequentially deploy a series of parachutes and slow itself down for a safe splashdown landing. Such a safe splashdown landing using a series of parachutes is the crucial final step when an astronaut-carrying capsule returns from space. During this test, an empty capsule with a mass of about 4,000-4,500 kg is to be used, to simulate the real mass of the Gaganyaan astronaut-carrying capsule. Once the capsule safely splashes down, Indian Navy’s vessels that are pre-positioned in the region would deploy their smaller boats to approach the capsule, inspect it, and connect the capsule to a shipborne crane. Thereafter, the capsule would be lifted up by the massive shipborne crane and safely placed on the ship’s deck. It is learnt that Indian Naval Ship Anvesh would play a crucial role in the seaborne operations. This operation will be closely monitored from air and sea by a range of assets belonging to ISRO, Navy, and IAF. Parachutes for this test have been developed by India’s Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). Being a national mission, Gaganyaan requires multi-agency synergy and coordination. IADT is one among thousands of tests related to Gaganyaan In the process of accomplishing the Gaganyaan Human spaceflight mission, ISRO and its partner agencies must conduct thousands of tests spanning various technical domains—electrical, mechanical, chemical, software, materials, navigation, guidance, automation, etc. While thousands of tests have been completed, several thousand still remain, and new technologies are being tested and validated. However, most of the testing happens behind closed doors, and it is only the rare ones like IADT and other rocketry-related tests that happen out in the open and with the involvement of military assets. As for the high-profile tests that happen in the open, ISRO has to accomplish more Integrated Air Drop Tests, more Test Vehicle launches (mid-flight abort and ejection), Pad Abort Tests (ejecting, saving crew capsule from a rocket explosion at launchpad), and multiple unmanned flights of the whole Gaganyaan rocket and spacecraft, using a robot instead of astronaut. Only when all these tests go flawlessly can ISRO put astronauts on its rocket and fly them to space. While it is officially maintained that Gaganyaan launch could happen in 2027, going by the track record so far and the immense complexities involved, a more realistic timeline suggests that the Gaganyaan astronaut mission could happen closer to 2030.

A safe splashdown landing while using a series of parachutes is the crucial final step when an astronaut-carrying capsule returns from space. An empty capsule with a mass of about 4,000-4,500 kg is to be used during this test.

Exclusive: ISRO, IAF, Navy to conduct Gaganyaan test on Sunday, 24th August

The story of how these paths diverged is also a story of governance, vision, and priorities, one that underscores how national choices made after independence have shaped their place among the stars.

The story of how these paths diverged is also a story of governance, vision, and priorities, one that underscores how national choices made after independence have shaped their place among the stars.

India’s 79th Independence Day 2025: How India surpassed Pakistan in the space race

With several major missions, India is gearing up for a groundbreaking era in space, along with deep-sea exploration. Launching Aryabhata in collaboration with Russia in 1975 to the Axiom-4 mission in 2025 in a joint venture with an International multi-agency involving Axiom Space, SpaceX, NASA and ESA, has expanded its technology and infrastructure along with its space economy. India has also seen a spike in investment &amp; international collaborations, and the entry of private space companies under new space reforms.In addition to joint ventures, ISRO has independently launched several remarkable missions, such as Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1, and many more, surprising the world and space agencies worldwide by achieving these feats on budgets comparable to Hollywood movie productions.Along with these successful projects, ISRO has also scheduled a list of several other missions which will be launched or accomplished in the coming years.Here is list of ISRO's upcoming missions:<h3>Gaganyaan uncrewed mission</h3>It is likely to take place in December 2025 with a humanoid robot, Vyommitra. Gaganyaan mission will be the first of three planned uncrewed missions that will set the stage for India's maiden human spaceflight, carrying three people, scheduled in 2027.Its uncrewed mission will launch into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) using ISRO’s GSLV Mk III (LVM-3) rocket. The mission will establish the independent capability of India for human spaceflight, reducing dependence on foreign agencies.<h3>Samudrayaan Mission</h3>The Samudrayaan Mission, scheduled for 2026, is an ambitious deep-sea exploration project of ISRO which aims to study marine biodiversity, seabed ecosystems, and mineral resources. A three-member crew will descend to a depth of 6,000 metres in a specialised submersible vehicle as a part of this mission. It is being developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) based in Chennai.The sole motive of the mission is to unlock access to critical minerals and rare earth metals from the seabed that can be important for technological advancements and strategic research. It will also support the Blue Economy vision of India by utilising ocean resources sustainably.<h3>Chandrayaan-4 Mission</h3>The Chandrayaan-4 Mission of ISRO is India's first lunar sample return mission, which will be launched in 2027 to collect and bring back Moon soil and rock samples. It requires two separate launches while using the heavy-lift LVM-3 rocket.Before the execution, the components will be assembled in lunar orbit, consisting of four modules, namely the Transfer module (TM), Lander module (LM), Ascender module (AM) and Reentry Module (RM). The project is likely to be in collaboration with partners like Russia or NASA.<h3>Chandrayaan-5/LUPEX mission:</h3>After the launch of Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 and the forthcoming Chandrayaan-4 (India’s first lunar sample return mission), the Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX (LUnar Polar EXploration) mission will be the fifth mission in the Chandrayaan series of lunar missions by ISRO in collaboration with JAXA. The mission will focus on the study of the lunar water, lunar volatile materials in the vicinity of a Permanently Shadowed Region (PSR) in the lunar South pole.These missions depict a pivotal shift in India’s scientific progress, strengthening its global standing in space exploration, marine science, and planetary research. The upcoming projects of the country are set to deliver not only technological breakthroughs but also it will also play economic and strategic advantages, ushering in a new chapter of innovation and discovery.&nbsp;

Other than joint ventures, ISRO has independently launched several remarkable missions, such as Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1, and many more, surprising the world and space agencies.

With several major missions, India is gearing up for a groundbreaking era in space, along with deep-sea exploration. Launching Aryabhata in collaboration with Russia in 1975 to the Axiom-4 mission in 2025 in a joint venture with an International multi-agency involving Axiom Space, SpaceX, NASA and ESA, has expanded its technology and infrastructure along with its space economy. India has also seen a spike in investment & international collaborations, and the entry of private space companies under new space reforms. In addition to joint ventures, ISRO has independently launched several remarkable missions, such as Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1, and many more, surprising the world and space agencies worldwide by achieving these feats on budgets comparable to Hollywood movie productions. Along with these successful projects, ISRO has also scheduled a list of several other missions which will be launched or accomplished in the coming years. Here is list of ISRO's upcoming missions: Gaganyaan uncrewed mission It is likely to take place in December 2025 with a humanoid robot, Vyommitra. Gaganyaan mission will be the first of three planned uncrewed missions that will set the stage for India's maiden human spaceflight, carrying three people, scheduled in 2027. Its uncrewed mission will launch into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) using ISRO’s GSLV Mk III (LVM-3) rocket. The mission will establish the independent capability of India for human spaceflight, reducing dependence on foreign agencies. Samudrayaan Mission The Samudrayaan Mission, scheduled for 2026, is an ambitious deep-sea exploration project of ISRO which aims to study marine biodiversity, seabed ecosystems, and mineral resources. A three-member crew will descend to a depth of 6,000 metres in a specialised submersible vehicle as a part of this mission. It is being developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) based in Chennai. The sole motive of the mission is to unlock access to critical minerals and rare earth metals from the seabed that can be important for technological advancements and strategic research. It will also support the Blue Economy vision of India by utilising ocean resources sustainably. Chandrayaan-4 Mission The Chandrayaan-4 Mission of ISRO is India's first lunar sample return mission, which will be launched in 2027 to collect and bring back Moon soil and rock samples. It requires two separate launches while using the heavy-lift LVM-3 rocket. Before the execution, the components will be assembled in lunar orbit, consisting of four modules, namely the Transfer module (TM), Lander module (LM), Ascender module (AM) and Reentry Module (RM). The project is likely to be in collaboration with partners like Russia or NASA. Chandrayaan-5/LUPEX mission: After the launch of Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 and the forthcoming Chandrayaan-4 (India’s first lunar sample return mission), the Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX (LUnar Polar EXploration) mission will be the fifth mission in the Chandrayaan series of lunar missions by ISRO in collaboration with JAXA. The mission will focus on the study of the lunar water, lunar volatile materials in the vicinity of a Permanently Shadowed Region (PSR) in the lunar South pole. These missions depict a pivotal shift in India’s scientific progress, strengthening its global standing in space exploration, marine science, and planetary research. The upcoming projects of the country are set to deliver not only technological breakthroughs but also it will also play economic and strategic advantages, ushering in a new chapter of innovation and discovery.

Other than joint ventures, ISRO has independently launched several remarkable missions, such as Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1, and many more, surprising the world and space agencies.

From Aryabhatta to Axiom-4: Now what next? Know ISRO's all upcoming missions

With the American Axiom-4 mission having docked to the International Space Station, more than 280 individuals (as astronauts or private visitors, and even film crew), from 26 countries have visited the International Space Station. India's Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is one among them and he is the first Indian aboard the International Space Station. However, among these 26 nations that have sent their nationals to the International Space Station, only two have the holistic&nbsp; capability (Rocket, spacecraft, related infrastructure) to independently launch and return crew- Russia and USA.&nbsp;Meanwhile, China operates its own Tiangong Space Station and has the same capability. Since the year 2018, India has been working on its independent Human Spaceflight programme named Gaganyaan. At the initial level, Gaganyaan would involve launching Indian astronauts on an Indian rocket and capsule, to circle the earth, perform basic experiments within the capsule, and return safely for a splashdown landing.&nbsp;In his 2018 Independence Day speech, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that Gaganyaan would be accomplished in 2022, marking the 75th&nbsp;year of Indian independence. As of today, the technologically challenging Gaganyaan programme remains in its development and testing phase, and is years away from materializing. When Gaganyaan becomes a reality, India will become the fourth nation after Russia, US, China, to independently launch humans to space, a feat that instills national pride like no other. For the long-term, the Indian Government has also announced a space vision that includes building an Indian space station, and an Indian astronaut setting foot on the moon.&nbsp;<h2>Why Axiom-4 is a stepping stone to Gaganyaan, a paid mission</h2>The first and only Indian (until Shubhanshu Shukla) to undertake spaceflight is Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, who flew on the Soviet Interkosmos mission to the Salyut-7 Soviet Space station, back in the year 1984. Over the last four decades, technology, computing, automation, sensors and software have undergone a complete modernisation and have changed the experience of spaceflight. Further, human spaceflight is all about highly sophisticated human-machine interfaces, something that is outside of ISRO's core expertise. ISRO has vast experience in launching rockets and satellites, but has not undertaken missions involving humans.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to top ISRO officials, the Indian Space agency has only Sharma's Soviet-era experience to rely upon when it comes to crucial guidance and inputs from an Indian astronaut, while designing and developing Gaganyaan. Given that Indian teams working on Gaganyaan require an understanding of contemporary spaceflight and related technologies, the Axiom-4 mission serves as a stepping stone to Gaganyaan.&nbsp;&nbsp;As part of Axiom-4, Shukla gets to travel aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, nestled in the ultra-modern Crew Dragon capsule, he also gets to live and work aboard the space station. His practical experience and know-how could help refine India's own efforts towards Gaganyaan. Which is why the Indian Government has paid Rs.550 crore (approx $64mn) for getting a seat for an Indian astronaut on Axiom-4, through a pact with NASA.&nbsp; However, it must be emphasized that the Axiom-4 mission is only a minor stepping stone towards the Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission. In the coming years,&nbsp;India needs to accomplish thousands of tests and technology developments before the homegrown Gaganyaan takes flight. This process leading to human spaceflight is one that is filled with trial and error.&nbsp;Axiom-4 showcases the pinnacle of American human spaceflight technology, and is the result of painstaking efforts by the US space ecosystem. Likewise, in future, as India executes Gaganyaan, it is expected that a similar space ecosystem would emerge in India, thereby growing Indian industry, academia.&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-media-max-width="560">Speaking live from Space, Gp Capt Shukla says in Hindi, &quot;My journey to <a href="https://twitter.com/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Space_Station</a> &amp; stay there is a small, solid, steady step towards the 🇮🇳 Human Spaceflight programme Gaganyaan&quot; PS: For India, remember, Gaganyaan is the eventual goal and big mission. <a href="https://t.co/4fuECuJ4Ry">pic.twitter.com/4fuECuJ4Ry</a>&mdash; Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1938122047999107169?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 26, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

<h2>Axiom-4 and India's road to Atmanirbharta (self-reliance)</h2>Group Captain Shukla is the second Indian to go to space, an Indian returns to space after 41 years, he is also the first Indian to go aboard the Space Station. However, it must be remembered that Shukla is flying on an American rocket, on an American capsule, from American soil. This is exactly like Rakesh Sharma's Soviet-era flight on a Soviet rocket and capsule. As such, there is no core Indian technology involved in this mission, except for the few science experiments being carried by Shukla.&nbsp;Going by Shukla's own words spoken live from space, "My journey to Space station and my stay there is a small, solid, steady step towards the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme Gaganyaan".&nbsp;For several decades, the Indian Navy has operated leased Russian-origin nuclear submarines, which helped in practically learning about the technology, its operation, strategic capabilities, and much more. But India's real gamechangers have been the homegrown nuclear submarines of the Arihant-class and its successors. Likewise, the Indian Navy has been operating foreign-origin aircraft carriers for several decades. However, the biggest milestone in Indian shipbuilding was the operationalization of the indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, built in Kochi, Kerala.&nbsp;The American Axiom-4 and India's homegrown Gaganyaan are to be seen like the Indian Navy's foreign-origin platforms that eventually offered a stepping stone for India to develop its own.

For India, Axiom-4 is a small step; Gaganyaan is the goal

With the American Axiom-4 mission having docked to the International Space Station, more than 280 individuals (as astronauts or private visitors, and even film crew), from 26 countries have visited the International Space Station. India's Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is one among them and he is the first Indian aboard the International Space Station. However, among these 26 nations that have sent their nationals to the International Space Station, only two have the holistic capability (Rocket, spacecraft, related infrastructure) to independently launch and return crew- Russia and USA. Meanwhile, China operates its own Tiangong Space Station and has the same capability. Since the year 2018, India has been working on its independent Human Spaceflight programme named Gaganyaan. At the initial level, Gaganyaan would involve launching Indian astronauts on an Indian rocket and capsule, to circle the earth, perform basic experiments within the capsule, and return safely for a splashdown landing. In his 2018 Independence Day speech, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that Gaganyaan would be accomplished in 2022, marking the 75th year of Indian independence. As of today, the technologically challenging Gaganyaan programme remains in its development and testing phase, and is years away from materializing. When Gaganyaan becomes a reality, India will become the fourth nation after Russia, US, China, to independently launch humans to space, a feat that instills national pride like no other. For the long-term, the Indian Government has also announced a space vision that includes building an Indian space station, and an Indian astronaut setting foot on the moon. Why Axiom-4 is a stepping stone to Gaganyaan, a paid mission The first and only Indian (until Shubhanshu Shukla) to undertake spaceflight is Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, who flew on the Soviet Interkosmos mission to the Salyut-7 Soviet Space station, back in the year 1984. Over the last four decades, technology, computing, automation, sensors and software have undergone a complete modernisation and have changed the experience of spaceflight. Further, human spaceflight is all about highly sophisticated human-machine interfaces, something that is outside of ISRO's core expertise. ISRO has vast experience in launching rockets and satellites, but has not undertaken missions involving humans. According to top ISRO officials, the Indian Space agency has only Sharma's Soviet-era experience to rely upon when it comes to crucial guidance and inputs from an Indian astronaut, while designing and developing Gaganyaan. Given that Indian teams working on Gaganyaan require an understanding of contemporary spaceflight and related technologies, the Axiom-4 mission serves as a stepping stone to Gaganyaan. As part of Axiom-4, Shukla gets to travel aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, nestled in the ultra-modern Crew Dragon capsule, he also gets to live and work aboard the space station. His practical experience and know-how could help refine India's own efforts towards Gaganyaan. Which is why the Indian Government has paid Rs.550 crore (approx $64mn) for getting a seat for an Indian astronaut on Axiom-4, through a pact with NASA. However, it must be emphasized that the Axiom-4 mission is only a minor stepping stone towards the Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission. In the coming years, India needs to accomplish thousands of tests and technology developments before the homegrown Gaganyaan takes flight. This process leading to human spaceflight is one that is filled with trial and error. Axiom-4 showcases the pinnacle of American human spaceflight technology, and is the result of painstaking efforts by the US space ecosystem. Likewise, in future, as India executes Gaganyaan, it is expected that a similar space ecosystem would emerge in India, thereby growing Indian industry, academia.

When Gaganyaan becomes a reality, India will become the fourth nation after Russia, US, China, to independently launch humans to space, a feat that instills national pride like no other

India's journey into human spaceflight has evolved dramatically, from a symbolic, Soviet-sponsored flight in 1984 to a $2.32 billion homegrown programme that now includes ambitions of a national space station.&nbsp;In 1984, Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma&nbsp;made history by becoming the first Indian in space. He flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 under the USSR’s Interkosmos programme, which fully funded the mission as part of its diplomatic-scientific outreach. India contributed scientific experiments and personnel but made no direct financial payment.&nbsp;But times have changed. India is now investing heavily in its own human spaceflight infrastructure funding missions, purchasing seats on private spacecraft, and planning a long-term presence in low Earth orbit.<h2>What India has spent on human spaceflight?</h2>India’s expenditure on spaceflight missions has grown significantly, with major costs associated with the indigenous Gaganyaan programme&nbsp;and the purchase of a commercial seat aboard a SpaceX-operated mission to the International Space Station (ISS).&nbsp;As per an interview by ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan&nbsp;with science journalist Pallava Bagla, India paid $60–70 million (₹500–550 crore)&nbsp;to book a seat for Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla&nbsp;aboard the Axiom-4 mission.&nbsp;&nbsp;The cost also includes training expenses for backup astronaut Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair, who will act as Shukla’s alternate for the mission.&nbsp;This covered astronaut training, launch services via SpaceX, and a two-week ISS stay.&nbsp;Meanwhile, the flagship Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme, originally approved with a budget of ₹10,000 crore ($1.1 billion), has now been revised to ₹20,193 crore ($2.32 billion).&nbsp;&nbsp;According to a written reply by Minister Jitendra Singh&nbsp;in Parliament on 13 February 2025 as reported by Reuters, the programme will now include eight missions, two crewed and six uncrewed.&nbsp;Here is a breakdown of known and estimated costs:

<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Mission</td><td>Year</td><td>Estimated cost</td><td>Description</td></tr><tr><td>Rakesh Sharma (Soyuz T-11)</td><td>1984</td><td>$0</td><td>USSR-funded; no direct Indian expenditure</td></tr><tr><td>Shubhanshu Shukla &amp; Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair(Ax-4)</td><td>2025</td><td>$60–70 million (₹500–550 crore)</td><td>Seat + training + ISS stay via Axiom Space and SpaceX&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Gaganyaan programme</td><td>2024–2028</td><td>$2.32 billion (₹20,193 crore)</td><td>2 crewed + 6 uncrewed flights, infrastructure, space station prep</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

These figures mark a significant shift in India’s approach, from international dependence to sovereign capability-building.<h2>What does the $2.32 billion Gaganyaan budget covers?</h2>The Gaganyaan programme&nbsp;is India’s first indigenous effort to send humans into space. The mission aims to launch Indian astronauts into a 400-kilometre orbit and return them with a controlled splashdown in the Indian Ocean.&nbsp;According to ISRO, the $2.32 billion budget includes two crewed missions, now scheduled for 2027 and 2028, as well as six uncrewed test missions&nbsp;beginning late 2024. These precursor flights will validate systems such as the crew escape mechanism and re-entry safety.&nbsp;A significant part of the budget goes into the development of indigenous life-support and environmental systems, a key requirement for sustaining astronauts in orbit. Further allocations are intended for infrastructure upgrades&nbsp;at the Sriharikota launch site&nbsp;and for building marine recovery systems&nbsp;in the Bay of Bengal.&nbsp;The programme also includes initial work for a long-term goal, the Bharatiya Antariksh Station, India’s own orbital station, expected to begin construction by 2028&nbsp;and become fully operational by 2035.<h2>India vs global giants space spending</h2>Despite the expansion, Gaganyaan remains one of the most cost-efficient human spaceflight programmes globally. According to data compiled from ISRO, NASA, CNSA, Roscosmos, ESA and Reuters, India’s programme costs a fraction of what global space giants are spending.

<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Country</td><td>Annual space budget</td><td>Human spaceflight programme</td><td>Major programme cost</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>~$1.8 billion</td><td>Gaganyaan, Ax-4 seat</td><td>Gaganyaan: $2.32 billion</td></tr><tr><td>USA</td><td>~$27.2 billion</td><td>Artemis, ISS</td><td>Artemis (I–III): $93 billion</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>~$12–13 billion</td><td>Tiangong + Shenzhou</td><td>~$10–12 billion</td></tr><tr><td>Russia</td><td>~$2–3 billion</td><td>Soyuz, ISS</td><td>~$15–20 billion</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;ESA</td><td>~$8 billion</td><td>Orion (support), ISS modules</td><td>~$2–3 billion</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

While the United States is reportedly spending over $93 billion on its Artemis missions, and China has invested up to $12 billion in its space station, India is delivering a similar capability for less than 3 per cent of Artemis’ cost.&nbsp;This continues ISRO’s reputation for frugal innovation, a legacy seen in the Mars Orbiter Mission, which reportedly cost just $74 million.<h2>Why India is spending more than ever on space?</h2>India’s current space investments are not about prestige; they are strategic and long-term. With a growing focus on sovereignty in high-tech sectors, the human spaceflight programme is designed to build indigenous capability&nbsp;that supports the economy, national security, and scientific development.&nbsp;An Indian astronaut programme reduces dependence on foreign rockets and boosts domestic innovation in aerospace, automation, AI and advanced materials. It creates new jobs, inspires students through STEM education, and improves India's positioning in global space cooperation and commerce.&nbsp;ISRO’s future plans include a fully operational Indian space station by 2035 and a crewed lunar mission by 2040. The country is also investing in reusable launch vehicles, deep space habitats, and satellite constellations.&nbsp;“India is no longer hitching rides. We’re building our own systems, training our own astronauts, and designing our own future in orbit,” said a senior ISRO scientist.&nbsp;India’s human spaceflight journey started with a mission funded entirely by the Soviet Union. Four decades later, the nation is investing over $2.32 billion to build the capability to send its own astronauts aboard its own rockets.&nbsp;From Rakesh Sharma’s cost-free mission in 1984, to Shubhanshu Shukla’s $70 million seat&nbsp;on a private ISS mission, and now the expansive Gaganyaan programme, India’s investment signals its intent to be a serious space power—not just a participant, but a leader.&nbsp;The story of India’s space ambitions is no longer about reaching space, it’s about shaping the future in it.&nbsp;(With inputs from the agencies)

The story of India’s space ambitions is no longer about reaching space, it’s about shaping the future in it.

India's journey into human spaceflight has evolved dramatically, from a symbolic, Soviet-sponsored flight in 1984 to a $2.32 billion homegrown programme that now includes ambitions of a national space station. In 1984, Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma made history by becoming the first Indian in space. He flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 under the USSR’s Interkosmos programme, which fully funded the mission as part of its diplomatic-scientific outreach. India contributed scientific experiments and personnel but made no direct financial payment. But times have changed. India is now investing heavily in its own human spaceflight infrastructure funding missions, purchasing seats on private spacecraft, and planning a long-term presence in low Earth orbit. What India has spent on human spaceflight? India’s expenditure on spaceflight missions has grown significantly, with major costs associated with the indigenous Gaganyaan programme and the purchase of a commercial seat aboard a SpaceX-operated mission to the International Space Station (ISS). As per an interview by ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan with science journalist Pallava Bagla, India paid $60–70 million (₹500–550 crore) to book a seat for Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla aboard the Axiom-4 mission. The cost also includes training expenses for backup astronaut Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair, who will act as Shukla’s alternate for the mission. This covered astronaut training, launch services via SpaceX, and a two-week ISS stay. Meanwhile, the flagship Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme, originally approved with a budget of ₹10,000 crore ($1.1 billion), has now been revised to ₹20,193 crore ($2.32 billion). According to a written reply by Minister Jitendra Singh in Parliament on 13 February 2025 as reported by Reuters, the programme will now include eight missions, two crewed and six uncrewed. Here is a breakdown of known and estimated costs:

India's human spaceflight journey evolved from Rakesh Sharma's 1984 Soviet flight to a $2.32 billion self-funded program, now focusing on building a national space station and enhancing low Earth orbit presence.

From free ride to $2.32 billion: Breaking down the cost of India’s human space missions

Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma (Retd), India’s first astronaut to travel to space, has expressed his full support for the Gaganyaan mission and said that, given the chance, he would have loved to fly into space again.&nbsp;Sharma—who flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 in 1984—was asked if he would join India’s maiden manned space mission. He said, “Of course, absolutely. I'm a test pilot. I think I was born a bit too early. It's not going to happen in my time frame. But yes, I would have, " he was quoted saying to NDTV.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Gaganyaan mission, scheduled for launch between 2025 and 2026, is a landmark initiative under ISRO's human spaceflight project. It aims to send a three-member Indian crew into low-Earth orbit for up to three days aboard the GSLV Mk III, now known as the Human Rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3, from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.&nbsp;Sharma also shared his excitement over Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla’s upcoming Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station, calling it “a sneak peek” at what India’s own Bharatiya Antariksh Station might look like in the future.&nbsp;"It will give us a flavour of flying a private resource which can take us to space. So it's going to be very interesting at many levels," Sharma said.&nbsp;"He's going to get a chance to do some experiments and also to live in the space station. It's a longish flight, 14 days I think. And so he's going to get a sense and I think those inputs which he observes in the International Space Station can be used for our own Bharatiya Antariksh Station," Sharma further added.&nbsp;Sending his best wishes to Group Captain Shukla, the retired Wing Commander reflected on the transformative nature of space travel.&nbsp;"Well, I tell Shubhanshu all the very best, happy landings and look forward to whatever you're going to see. You come back a changed person is what I'm going to tell him... I would say over the years, maybe not instantly, but over the years when you go over that experience, it brings in new insights as to what's happening to planet Earth. It gives you a sense of where you should be going, where space exploration should be going. So that it does change you," Wing Commander Sharma said.

Absolutely Indias first man to travel to space Rakesh Sharma hints at flying again Heres what he said

Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma (Retd), India’s first astronaut to travel to space, has expressed his full support for the Gaganyaan mission and said that, given the chance, he would have loved to fly into space again. Sharma—who flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 in 1984—was asked if he would join India’s maiden manned space mission. He said, “Of course, absolutely. I'm a test pilot. I think I was born a bit too early. It's not going to happen in my time frame. But yes, I would have, " he was quoted saying to NDTV. The Gaganyaan mission, scheduled for launch between 2025 and 2026, is a landmark initiative under ISRO's human spaceflight project. It aims to send a three-member Indian crew into low-Earth orbit for up to three days aboard the GSLV Mk III, now known as the Human Rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3, from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. Sharma also shared his excitement over Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla’s upcoming Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station, calling it “a sneak peek” at what India’s own Bharatiya Antariksh Station might look like in the future. "It will give us a flavour of flying a private resource which can take us to space. So it's going to be very interesting at many levels," Sharma said. "He's going to get a chance to do some experiments and also to live in the space station. It's a longish flight, 14 days I think. And so he's going to get a sense and I think those inputs which he observes in the International Space Station can be used for our own Bharatiya Antariksh Station," Sharma further added. Sending his best wishes to Group Captain Shukla, the retired Wing Commander reflected on the transformative nature of space travel. "Well, I tell Shubhanshu all the very best, happy landings and look forward to whatever you're going to see. You come back a changed person is what I'm going to tell him... I would say over the years, maybe not instantly, but over the years when you go over that experience, it brings in new insights as to what's happening to planet Earth. It gives you a sense of where you should be going, where space exploration should be going. So that it does change you," Wing Commander Sharma said.

Retired Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma also sent a message for Shubhanshu Shukla, telling from his experience as the first Indian to go to space

'Absolutely...': India’s first man to travel to space, Rakesh Sharma, hints at flying again. Here's what he said

In the coming years, when India's Gaganyaan astronaut-carrying capsule circles the Earth, antennae belonging to the European Space Agency (ESA) will help the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) 'see and speak' to the mission.

In the coming years, when India's Gaganyaan astronaut-carrying capsule circles the Earth, antennae belonging to the European Space Agency (ESA) will help the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) 'see and speak' to the mission. ISRO and ESA signed a Technical Implementing Plan (TIP) document for Ground Tracking Support for Gaganyaan Missions. The TIP was signed by Dr Anilkumar A K, Director, ISTRAC, from ISRO and Mr Dietmar Pilz, Director of Technology, Engineering & Quality and Director of ESTEC, Netherlands, from ESA. The TIP was signed at the Indian Spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), in the presence of Dr S Somanath, Chairman, ISRO and Mr Didier van der Hasselt, Belgium's Ambassador to India. What is a satellite ground station and how does it work? A satellite ground station is an Earth-based facility equipped with antennae, specialised hardware and software that help communicate with satellites in space. These stations serve as the bridge between space assets and Earth, enabling the exchange of data, commands, and signals. Also read | India's space agency ISRO launches Proba-3 mission satellites Satellites and ground stations communicate via radio waves, which require a clear line of sight. Due to Earth's curvature, a ground station (antenna) can maintain contact with a satellite only while the satellite is above the station's field of view. As satellites orbiting the earth only spend a couple of minutes within the range of an antenna, a network of ground stations around the globe is required to maintain continuous contact with the satellite. Therefore, as India's Gaganyaan astronaut-carrying capsule circles the Earth, multiple ground stations around the world will help Indian ground controllers stay in touch with the crew, monitor the spacecraft, and its technical parameters, and carry out many crucial functions. Establishing multiple ground stations around the world is a very expensive and time-consuming effort, which is why space agencies collaborate and share their tracking resources. Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) Ground stations are used to monitor the satellite's health, such as power levels, orientation (which direction it is facing), and system status. This process is known as Telemetry. Satellites have to remain in a specific pre-determined orbit to carry out their functions. Ground stations are responsible for keeping a tab on the satellite's orbit, a function that is known as Tracking. #ISRO and @esa have inked a pact that enables ESA to provide ground station support for 🇮🇳 Gaganyaan astronaut Missions. Establishing antennae around the world is too expensive, so it is practical to use other agencies' support to track & talk to our mission as it circles 🌏 pic.twitter.com/Qr9XlpU4rp — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) December 6, 2024 × Satellites carry various payloads (scientific equipment) onboard and each one of them has a unique purpose and function. Ground stations regularly issue commands to satellites to perform specific tasks – such as clicking pictures of a certain region, operating a particular piece of equipment, manoeuvring the satellite in a certain direction etc. Simply put, it is a process of remotely controlling the satellite, based on instructions issued from the ground. Global support for tracking India's Chandrayaan-3 ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in the city of Bengaluru handles the major responsibility of providing tracking support for all the satellite and launch vehicle missions of ISRO. ISTRAC has a network of ground stations at Bengaluru, Lucknow, Sriharikota, Port Blair, and Thiruvananthapuram, within India. Brunei, Biak (Indonesia), and Mauritius are the friendly-foreign nations where ISTRAC operates its overseas facilities. However, when a spacecraft like Chandrayaan-3 circles the Earth and travels farther (the moon is 3.84 lakh km away), it is imperative to have a global network of stations that can offer tracking support. As part of ISRO's international cooperation with major space agencies, multiple tracking stations belonging to NASA, the European Space Agency and the Swedish Space Corporation tracked Chandrayaan-3 from around the world. These include South Point Satellite Station in Hawaii, Goldstone in California, Kourou in South America (French Guiana), Madrid in Spain, Goonhilly in the United Kingdom and Canberra in Australia. The constant tracking from Indian and foreign stations ensured that India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft was visible to one or more stations at a time and could be monitored and safely steered towards the Moon. Ship-based tracking There are times when the rocket is not 'visible' to tracking antennae, especially, when the rocket or satellite flies over the high seas, where tracking stations are unavailable. Such gaps in the tracking process are filled in by specialised tracking ships that are fitted with long-range radars and communications antennae. Also read | Russian Deputy Envoy Roman Babushkin calls India a space superpower, indicates support for Gaganyaan Such vessels are stationed at a pre-determined location on the high seas, by the flight path of the rocket/satellite. As the vehicle overflows that large region, the sensors and tracking equipment on board the ship can provide real-time tracking and telemetry on how the mission is progressing. In October 2022, when ISRO launched 36 satellites of the European firm OneWeb, India positioned Ocean Research Vessel Sagar Nidhi in the Indian Ocean region (thousands of kilometres south of India's southern tip) to track the flight of the LVM3 rocket that was flying towards the south pole. International Cooperation for Gaganyaan tracking In close coordination with the Australian government and space agency, ISRO will be setting up a tracking antenna at the Australian External Territory of Cocos Keeling islands, to track the Gaganyaan craft, as it overflies the region. Similarly, Indian and Australian authorities have signed a pact to ensure support for the search and rescue of crew, and recovery of crew module as part of contingency planning (in case the Gaganyaan crew module has to be ejected mid-flight). This arrangement is in place, as the ejected capsule could land in Australian waters. ISRO and ESA have signed the Technical Implementing Plan (TIP) so that ISRO can avail the support of ESA's tracking station network Estrack. Estrack is a global system of ground stations providing links between satellites in orbit and the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), Darmstadt, Germany. The core Estrack network comprises seven stations in seven countries. The essential task of all ESA ground tracking stations is to communicate with spacecraft, transmitting commands and receiving scientific data and spacecraft status information.

Explained: European Space Agency to help India 'see and speak' to Gaganyaan

After the huge success of India's third lunar mission,&nbsp;the Chandrayaan-3 mission earlier&nbsp;this year, the Union Cabinet on Wednesday (Sep 18) approved certain extensions to the forthcoming Chandrayaan-4 mission.&nbsp;

Moreover, it also cleared the Venus Orbiter Mission, the follow-on to the Gaganyaan mission, the development of an Indian space station, and the next-generation launch vehicle development.&nbsp;

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, on Wednesday, announced,&nbsp;"Chandrayaan-4 has been expanded with additional elements, and the next step is a manned mission to the Moon. Preparatory steps have been approved. The Venus Orbiter Mission and development of the Next Generation Launch Vehicle have also been greenlit."

<h2>What is Chandrayaan-4?</h2>

Chandrayaan-4 aims to develop and demonstrate technologies for returning to Earth after a successful landing on the Moon.&nbsp;

The mission will consist of two spacecraft stacks featuring five modules. Stack 1 will focus on lunar sample collection, whereas Stack 2 will handle propulsion, transfer, and re-entry of samples back to Earth.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/india-to-be-part-of-groundbreaking-lunar-nuclear-plant-set-up-with-russia-and-china-moscow-says-757187">Also read:&nbsp;India to be part of 'groundbreaking' lunar nuclear plant set-up with Russia and China? Moscow says...</a>

It will further involve complex docking and undocking operations in lunar orbit, marking a significant advancement in India's space capabilities.&nbsp;

The mission would enable India to be self-sufficient in critical foundational technologies for manned missions, lunar sample return, and scientific analysis of the&nbsp;samples.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has designated USD 251.35 million (Rs 2104 crores) for the same.&nbsp;

The cabinet has set a timeline of 36 months for the mission to be completed. They added that the mission will feature five modules, divided into two stacks.&nbsp;

Watch |&nbsp;India's Chandrayaan-3 records more than 50 moonquakes

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Chandrayaan-3 mission was successful after it landed on the moon on August 23 last year, marking a major achievement for India and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).&nbsp;

<h2>Venus Orbiter Mission</h2>

The Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM) will focus on scientific exploration to better understand Venus's atmosphere and geology, generating extensive scientific data by probing its thick atmosphere. ISRO will develop the spacecraft, launch it, and accomplish it in March 2028.

(With inputs from agencies)

After the huge success of India's third lunar mission, the Chandrayaan-3 mission earlier this year, the Union Cabinet on Wednesday (Sep 18) approved certain extensions to the forthcoming Chandrayaan-4 mission.

After the huge success of India's third lunar mission, the Chandrayaan-3 mission earlier this year, the Union Cabinet on Wednesday (Sep 18) approved certain extensions to the forthcoming Chandrayaan-4 mission. Moreover, it also cleared the Venus Orbiter Mission, the follow-on to the Gaganyaan mission, the development of an Indian space station, and the next-generation launch vehicle development. Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, on Wednesday, announced, "Chandrayaan-4 has been expanded with additional elements, and the next step is a manned mission to the Moon. Preparatory steps have been approved. The Venus Orbiter Mission and development of the Next Generation Launch Vehicle have also been greenlit." What is Chandrayaan-4? Chandrayaan-4 aims to develop and demonstrate technologies for returning to Earth after a successful landing on the Moon. The mission will consist of two spacecraft stacks featuring five modules. Stack 1 will focus on lunar sample collection, whereas Stack 2 will handle propulsion, transfer, and re-entry of samples back to Earth. Also read: India to be part of 'groundbreaking' lunar nuclear plant set-up with Russia and China? Moscow says... It will further involve complex docking and undocking operations in lunar orbit, marking a significant advancement in India's space capabilities. The mission would enable India to be self-sufficient in critical foundational technologies for manned missions, lunar sample return, and scientific analysis of the samples. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has designated USD 251.35 million (Rs 2104 crores) for the same. The cabinet has set a timeline of 36 months for the mission to be completed. They added that the mission will feature five modules, divided into two stacks. Watch | India's Chandrayaan-3 records more than 50 moonquakes × Chandrayaan-3 mission was successful after it landed on the moon on August 23 last year, marking a major achievement for India and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Venus Orbiter Mission The Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM) will focus on scientific exploration to better understand Venus's atmosphere and geology, generating extensive scientific data by probing its thick atmosphere. ISRO will develop the spacecraft, launch it, and accomplish it in March 2028. (With inputs from agencies)

Indian govt clears Chandrayaan-4 expansion, Venus mission. Know more

India and the US are working on a joint mission, where an Indian Astronaut will join a US-led crew and fly to the International Space Station later this year. This mission would serve as a precursor to the Indian Human Spaceflight mission Gaganyaan, which India wants to execute by 2026.

Indian astronauts to train at NASA from August

After reaching the moon, India is now naming for the stars. ISRO revealed the names of 4 astronauts who have been selected to be a part of India’s first manned mission to space. Scheduled for 2025, if the mission succeeds India will become the fourth country to send humans to space after USSR, US and China. This week on India Story, Vikram Chandra speaks to former ISRO Chief Madhavan Nair.

Gaganyaan: ISRO names 4 astronauts who will be part of India’s first manned space mission

Gaganyaan: ISRO names 4 astronauts chosen to fly on India's first manned space voyage

Prime Minister Narendra Modi revealed the names of the four astronauts selected to be a part of India's crewed space flight mission Gaganyaan. PM Modi gave astronaut wings to the four selected for the space flight during an event at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Thiruvananthapuram.

Gaganyaan Mission: PM Modi hands astronaut wings to designates

Gaganyaan Mission: PM Modi announces names of astronauts picked for the mission

Gaganyaan Mission: PM Modi reveals names of four astronauts picked for the mission

PM Narendra Modi reveals key details of India's first manned space mission at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Watch to know more!

Gaganyaan Mission: PM Modi hands over 'astronaut wings' to four pilots chosen for mission

Gaganyaan mission: Proud moment for India as PM Modi announces names of astronauts

India’s female robot astronaut Vyommitra will fly into space ahead of Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) ambitious Gaganyaan mission – the country’s manned space flight carrying Indian astronauts into space – said the Union minister of science and technology, on Sunday (Feb 4).&nbsp;

<h2>About Vyommitra</h2>

The Indian Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science and Technology Dr Jitendra Singh said the uncrewed Vyommitra Mission is scheduled to take place ahead of the manned mission Gaganyaan.&nbsp;

The name Vyommitra is derived from two Sanskrit words ‘Vyoma’ which means Space and ‘Mitra’ (meaning friend), said the Indian minister.&nbsp;

WATCH |&nbsp;Who is ISRO's Vyommitra? | 'Republic of Bharat': Chorus grows to rename India

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He also spoke about how the female robot astronaut is equipped with the capability to monitor module parameters, issue alerts and execute life support operations. “It can perform tasks such as operating six panels and responding to the queries,” Dr Singh added.&nbsp;

He further elaborated that the Vyommitra astronaut “is designed in such a manner so as to simulate human functions in the Space environment and interact with the Life Support System.”

According to the Indian minister, the ‘Vyommitra’ Mission is scheduled for the third quarter of this year, while a manned mission ‘Gaganyaan’ is scheduled to be launched in 2025.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-gaganyaan-tv-d1-launch-kept-on-hold-649468">After initial hiccup, ISRO successfully launches Gaganyaan TV-D1 test vehicle</a>

Speaking about the Chandrayaan 3 mission – which made its historic landing on the South Pole of the moon in August last year – Dr Singh said that it is following its normal expected course of action and vital inputs sent by it will be shared soon. However, he did not mention any specific timeline.&nbsp;

<h2>About Gaganyaan mission</h2>

In October last year, ISRO announced that they had successfully launched the Gaganyaan Test Vehicle Development Flight Mission-1 test vehicle (TV-D1 Flight Test), in the run up to the launch of India’s first-ever manned space flight.&nbsp;

This was meant to qualify the crew escape system and parachute system, said India’s Department of Space, in a statement, adding that the “human rating” of the launch vehicle is complete, all the propulsion stages are qualified and all the preparations are in place.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/exclusive-indian-astronauts-to-soon-train-at-nasas-johnson-space-center-676105">Exclusive: Indian astronauts to soon train at NASA's Johnson Space Center</a>

TV-D1 is a liquid-propelled single-state test vehicle. The Crew Escape System, which the test vehicle carried with it, is India’s homegrown system which will be crucial for the safety of Indian astronauts.

The crew escape system safeguards the astronauts in case a catastrophic error occurs during their spaceflight endangering the spacecraft they are travelling in.

The Gaganyaan project aims to send three astronauts into a 400-kilometre orbit around the Earth for three days and bring them back safely.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

India’s female robot astronaut Vyommitra will fly into space ahead of Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) ambitious Gaganyaan mission – the country’s manned space flight carrying Indian astronauts into space – said the Union minister of science and technology, on Sunday (Feb 4).

India’s female robot astronaut Vyommitra will fly into space ahead of Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) ambitious Gaganyaan mission – the country’s manned space flight carrying Indian astronauts into space – said the Union minister of science and technology, on Sunday (Feb 4). About Vyommitra The Indian Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science and Technology Dr Jitendra Singh said the uncrewed Vyommitra Mission is scheduled to take place ahead of the manned mission Gaganyaan. The name Vyommitra is derived from two Sanskrit words ‘Vyoma’ which means Space and ‘Mitra’ (meaning friend), said the Indian minister. WATCH | Who is ISRO's Vyommitra? | 'Republic of Bharat': Chorus grows to rename India He also spoke about how the female robot astronaut is equipped with the capability to monitor module parameters, issue alerts and execute life support operations. “It can perform tasks such as operating six panels and responding to the queries,” Dr Singh added. He further elaborated that the Vyommitra astronaut “is designed in such a manner so as to simulate human functions in the Space environment and interact with the Life Support System.” According to the Indian minister, the ‘Vyommitra’ Mission is scheduled for the third quarter of this year, while a manned mission ‘Gaganyaan’ is scheduled to be launched in 2025. ALSO READ | After initial hiccup, ISRO successfully launches Gaganyaan TV-D1 test vehicle Speaking about the Chandrayaan 3 mission – which made its historic landing on the South Pole of the moon in August last year – Dr Singh said that it is following its normal expected course of action and vital inputs sent by it will be shared soon. However, he did not mention any specific timeline. About Gaganyaan mission In October last year, ISRO announced that they had successfully launched the Gaganyaan Test Vehicle Development Flight Mission-1 test vehicle (TV-D1 Flight Test), in the run up to the launch of India’s first-ever manned space flight. This was meant to qualify the crew escape system and parachute system, said India’s Department of Space, in a statement, adding that the “human rating” of the launch vehicle is complete, all the propulsion stages are qualified and all the preparations are in place. ALSO READ | Exclusive: Indian astronauts to soon train at NASA's Johnson Space Center TV-D1 is a liquid-propelled single-state test vehicle. The Crew Escape System, which the test vehicle carried with it, is India’s homegrown system which will be crucial for the safety of Indian astronauts. The crew escape system safeguards the astronauts in case a catastrophic error occurs during their spaceflight endangering the spacecraft they are travelling in. The Gaganyaan project aims to send three astronauts into a 400-kilometre orbit around the Earth for three days and bring them back safely. (With inputs from agencies)

Vyommitra: ISRO to launch India’s female robot astronaut into space ahead of Gaganyaan mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully launched Gaganyaan Test Vehicle Development Flight Mission-1 test vehicle (TV-D1 Flight Test) on Saturday (Oct 21). The launch was kept on hold earlier this morning when ISRO made first attempt. At the time, the launch was aborted as on-board computers detected an anomaly, ISRO said. Within a matter of an hour, ISRO posted from its official account on social media platform X (formerly Twitter) that the&nbsp;anomaly had been identified and corrected.

After the lift-off, the Crew Module separated from the launch vehicle successfully. It then descended towards the ground using parachutes and splashed down in the Bay of Bengal off the coast of Sriharikota as it was intended.

"Mission Gaganyaan. TV D1 Test Flight is accomplished. Crew Escape System performed as intended. Mission Gaganyaan gets off on a successful note," ISRO posted after the successful launch.

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Mission Gaganyaan 
 
TV D1 Test Flight is accomplished. 
 
Crew Escape System performed as intended. 
 
Mission Gaganyaan gets off on a successful note. <a href="https://twitter.com/DRDO_India?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@DRDO_India</a><a href="https://twitter.com/indiannavy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@indiannavy</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Gaganyaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Gaganyaan</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1715590345340432519?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 21, 2023</a></blockquote>
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The flight test vehicle abort mission was&nbsp;aimed at demonstrating performance of the Crew Escape system which will be part of the Gaganyaan mission. The aim was&nbsp;also to test safe landing in the Bay of Bengal after the launch.

TV-D1 is a liquid-propelled single state test vehicle. The Crew Escape System, which the test vehicle carried with it, is India's homegrown system which will be crucial for the safety of Indian astronauts.

Although it was launch of a&nbsp;test vehicle, it represents a major milestone as it is a step towards India's effort to send humans into space.

The Crew Escape System comprises of five types of quick-acting solid motors.

These are Crew Escape System Jettisoning Motor (CJM), High-altitude Escape Motor (HEM), Low-altitude Escape&nbsp;Motor (LEM), Low-altitude Pitch Motor (LPM) and High-altitude Pitch Motor (HPM).

A crew escape system is just like ejection seats in fighter jet planes. The system safeguards the astronauts in case a catastrophic error occurs during there spaceflight endangering the spacecraft they are travelling in.

It is an automatic system that is triggered by computer if it detects malfunctions or other issues moments after liftoff.

India has an ambitious aim of sending three astronauts into a 400-kilometre&nbsp;orbit around the Earth for three days. After the successful conclusion of that mission, India will join an elite club of nations that&nbsp;have sent astronauts into space.

 
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The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully launched Gaganyaan Test Vehicle Development Flight Mission-1 test vehicle (TV-D1 Flight Test) on Saturday (Oct 21).

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully launched Gaganyaan Test Vehicle Development Flight Mission-1 test vehicle (TV-D1 Flight Test) on Saturday (Oct 21). The launch was kept on hold earlier this morning when ISRO made first attempt. At the time, the launch was aborted as on-board computers detected an anomaly, ISRO said. Within a matter of an hour, ISRO posted from its official account on social media platform X (formerly Twitter) that the anomaly had been identified and corrected. After the lift-off, the Crew Module separated from the launch vehicle successfully. It then descended towards the ground using parachutes and splashed down in the Bay of Bengal off the coast of Sriharikota as it was intended. "Mission Gaganyaan. TV D1 Test Flight is accomplished. Crew Escape System performed as intended. Mission Gaganyaan gets off on a successful note," ISRO posted after the successful launch. Mission Gaganyaan TV D1 Test Flight is accomplished. Crew Escape System performed as intended. Mission Gaganyaan gets off on a successful note. @DRDO_India@indiannavy#Gaganyaan — ISRO (@isro) October 21, 2023 × The flight test vehicle abort mission was aimed at demonstrating performance of the Crew Escape system which will be part of the Gaganyaan mission. The aim was also to test safe landing in the Bay of Bengal after the launch. TV-D1 is a liquid-propelled single state test vehicle. The Crew Escape System, which the test vehicle carried with it, is India's homegrown system which will be crucial for the safety of Indian astronauts. Although it was launch of a test vehicle, it represents a major milestone as it is a step towards India's effort to send humans into space. The Crew Escape System comprises of five types of quick-acting solid motors. These are Crew Escape System Jettisoning Motor (CJM), High-altitude Escape Motor (HEM), Low-altitude Escape Motor (LEM), Low-altitude Pitch Motor (LPM) and High-altitude Pitch Motor (HPM). A crew escape system is just like ejection seats in fighter jet planes. The system safeguards the astronauts in case a catastrophic error occurs during there spaceflight endangering the spacecraft they are travelling in. It is an automatic system that is triggered by computer if it detects malfunctions or other issues moments after liftoff. India has an ambitious aim of sending three astronauts into a 400-kilometre orbit around the Earth for three days. After the successful conclusion of that mission, India will join an elite club of nations that have sent astronauts into space. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

After initial hiccup, ISRO successfully launches Gaganyaan TV-D1 test vehicle

ISRO Chief Dr S.Somanath confirmed that the 'TV-D1'(Test Vehicle Development Flight 1) maiden test flight, as part of the Indian astronaut programme Gaganyaan, will take place on Saturday, October 21. He said that D1 would be followed up with at least three more tests of the same nature. WION has learnt that the launch has been scheduled around 7 am on Saturday (Oct 21). Dr Somanath was speaking to reporters at the Madurai airport, Tamil Nadu.

While developing a fighter plane, it is crucial to prove the mechanism to eject the pilot(s) safely, mid-flight. Likewise, while working towards an astronaut mission, it is of utmost importance to prove the mechanism to eject the crew module(astronaut-carrying shell) to safety, when the rocket is mid-flight.

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Mission Gaganyaan: 
ISRO to commence unmanned flight tests for the Gaganyaan mission. 
 
Preparations for the Flight Test Vehicle Abort Mission-1 (TV-D1), which demonstrates the performance of the Crew Escape System, are underway.<a href="https://t.co/HSY0qfVDEH">https://t.co/HSY0qfVDEH</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/indiannavy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@indiannavy</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Gaganyaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Gaganyaan</a> <a href="https://t.co/XszSDEqs7w">pic.twitter.com/XszSDEqs7w</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1710506719124570606?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 7, 2023</a></blockquote>
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During the TV-D1 mission, the crew module(within which astronauts would be nestled, in future) and associated systems will be mounted atop a mini-rocket known as the Test vehicle. This is a liquid-fuelled mini rocket based on the L40 stage booster of the GSLV(erstwhile GSLV Mk2) rocket. Mid-flight, as the required conditions(Mach 1.2 or 1.2 times the speed of sound) are achieved, the Crew escape system and crew module would eject from the rocket, when the vehicle is at an altitude of 17 km.

Thereafter, the crew module will be carried to a higher altitude(nearly 2kms away from the rocket) and then it would use onboard parachutes to decelerate and gradually splash down in the sea, about 10kms from the coast of the spaceport in Sriharikota. After splashdown, the Crew Module will be recovered, using a dedicated vessel and diving team from the Indian Navy.

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"1st test vehicle mission 🔥🚀🇮🇳TV-D1 will be on Oct 21st..after this, there will be D2, D3, D4 missions also" <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> chief Somanath in <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/TamilNadu?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#TamilNadu</a> 
 
As I'd shared earlier, Next Satday will be the maiden <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/gaganyaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#gaganyaan</a> test flight with crew module<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tech?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tech</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Science?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Science</a> <a href="https://t.co/qslM3Ycbxa">pic.twitter.com/qslM3Ycbxa</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1713192352884678735?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 14, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Before trucking the crew module to the spaceport in Andhra Pradesh, the Crew Module underwent electrical and acoustic testing at ISRO’s facility in Bengaluru. WION has learnt that the Test Vehicle stands ready and the final steps in preparation for Saturday's mission are being carried out. Notably, this is the maiden flight test for both the Test Vehicle and also for the Crew module.

This Test Vehicle mission with the Crew Module mounted atop, is a significant milestone for the overall Gaganyaan program. It marks the milestone of a near-complete system getting ready for a flight test. The success of this test flight will set the stage for the remaining qualification tests and multiple unmanned missions, leading to the first Gaganyaan mission with Indian Astronauts, ISRO said.&nbsp;

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'TV-D1' barely 10days away! 
 
My info: The first-ever flight test as part of <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/indian?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#indian</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/astronaut?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#astronaut</a> mission <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Gaganyaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Gaganyaan</a> to be on Oct 21st, after sunrise hour 
 
It is a crucial test to eject&amp; save crew module, in case rocket malfunctions mid-flight <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tech?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tech</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Science?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Science</a> <a href="https://t.co/gorp374dpN">pic.twitter.com/gorp374dpN</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1711953721515798548?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 11, 2023</a></blockquote>
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The Crew Module is the structure where the astronauts are meant to be nestled in. It is maintained in a pressurized earth-like atmospheric condition during the Gaganyaan mission, for the safe sustenance of the astronauts. The Crew module for the Gaganyaan mission is in different stages of development.

For the Test Vehicle Abort mission-1 (TV-D1), the Crew Module is an unpressurised version. This unpressurised structure has the overall size and mass of the actual Gaganyaan Crew Module. It houses all the systems for deceleration and recovery, which includes multiple parachutes and associated systems.

The avionics systems in CM are in a dual redundant mode(even if one fails, the backup systems takeover) configuration for navigation, sequencing, telemetry, instrumentation and power. The CM in this mission is designed to capture the flight data for evaluation of the performance of various systems.&nbsp;

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ISRO Chief Dr S.Somanath confirmed that the 'TV-D1'(Test Vehicle Development Flight 1) maiden test flight, as part of the Indian astronaut programme Gaganyaan, will take place on Saturday, October 21.

ISRO Chief Dr S.Somanath confirmed that the 'TV-D1'(Test Vehicle Development Flight 1) maiden test flight, as part of the Indian astronaut programme Gaganyaan, will take place on Saturday, October 21. He said that D1 would be followed up with at least three more tests of the same nature. WION has learnt that the launch has been scheduled around 7 am on Saturday (Oct 21). Dr Somanath was speaking to reporters at the Madurai airport, Tamil Nadu. While developing a fighter plane, it is crucial to prove the mechanism to eject the pilot(s) safely, mid-flight. Likewise, while working towards an astronaut mission, it is of utmost importance to prove the mechanism to eject the crew module(astronaut-carrying shell) to safety, when the rocket is mid-flight. Mission Gaganyaan: ISRO to commence unmanned flight tests for the Gaganyaan mission. Preparations for the Flight Test Vehicle Abort Mission-1 (TV-D1), which demonstrates the performance of the Crew Escape System, are underway.https://t.co/HSY0qfVDEH @indiannavy #Gaganyaan pic.twitter.com/XszSDEqs7w — ISRO (@isro) October 7, 2023 × During the TV-D1 mission, the crew module(within which astronauts would be nestled, in future) and associated systems will be mounted atop a mini-rocket known as the Test vehicle. This is a liquid-fuelled mini rocket based on the L40 stage booster of the GSLV(erstwhile GSLV Mk2) rocket. Mid-flight, as the required conditions(Mach 1.2 or 1.2 times the speed of sound) are achieved, the Crew escape system and crew module would eject from the rocket, when the vehicle is at an altitude of 17 km. Thereafter, the crew module will be carried to a higher altitude(nearly 2kms away from the rocket) and then it would use onboard parachutes to decelerate and gradually splash down in the sea, about 10kms from the coast of the spaceport in Sriharikota. After splashdown, the Crew Module will be recovered, using a dedicated vessel and diving team from the Indian Navy. "1st test vehicle mission 🔥🚀🇮🇳TV-D1 will be on Oct 21st..after this, there will be D2, D3, D4 missions also" #isro chief Somanath in #TamilNadu As I'd shared earlier, Next Satday will be the maiden #isro #gaganyaan test flight with crew module#india #space #tech #Science pic.twitter.com/qslM3Ycbxa — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) October 14, 2023 × Before trucking the crew module to the spaceport in Andhra Pradesh, the Crew Module underwent electrical and acoustic testing at ISRO’s facility in Bengaluru. WION has learnt that the Test Vehicle stands ready and the final steps in preparation for Saturday's mission are being carried out. Notably, this is the maiden flight test for both the Test Vehicle and also for the Crew module. This Test Vehicle mission with the Crew Module mounted atop, is a significant milestone for the overall Gaganyaan program. It marks the milestone of a near-complete system getting ready for a flight test. The success of this test flight will set the stage for the remaining qualification tests and multiple unmanned missions, leading to the first Gaganyaan mission with Indian Astronauts, ISRO said. 'TV-D1' barely 10days away! My info: The first-ever flight test as part of #indian #astronaut mission #Gaganyaan to be on Oct 21st, after sunrise hour It is a crucial test to eject& save crew module, in case rocket malfunctions mid-flight #india #space #tech #isro #Science pic.twitter.com/gorp374dpN — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) October 11, 2023 × The Crew Module is the structure where the astronauts are meant to be nestled in. It is maintained in a pressurized earth-like atmospheric condition during the Gaganyaan mission, for the safe sustenance of the astronauts. The Crew module for the Gaganyaan mission is in different stages of development. For the Test Vehicle Abort mission-1 (TV-D1), the Crew Module is an unpressurised version. This unpressurised structure has the overall size and mass of the actual Gaganyaan Crew Module. It houses all the systems for deceleration and recovery, which includes multiple parachutes and associated systems. The avionics systems in CM are in a dual redundant mode(even if one fails, the backup systems takeover) configuration for navigation, sequencing, telemetry, instrumentation and power. The CM in this mission is designed to capture the flight data for evaluation of the performance of various systems. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Gaganyaan's maiden test flight 'TV-D1' on Oct 21: ISRO Chief

While developing a fighter plane, it is crucial to prove the mechanism to eject the pilot(s) safely, mid-flight. Likewise, while working towards an astronaut mission, it is of utmost importance to prove the mechanism to eject the crew module (astronaut-carrying shell) to safety, when the rocket is mid-flight. The Indian Space agency ISRO is now gearing up for the maiden mid-flight eject test, in preparation for its human spaceflight mission Gaganyaan. By the end of this month, ISRO is expected to perform the mission known as TV-D1 or Test Vehicle Development Flight 1. &nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-seeks-designs-for-lunar-freezer-to-safeguard-moon-mission-samples-643591">NASA seeks designs for 'lunar freezer' to safeguard moon mission samples</a>

The Crew Module (CM) is where the astronauts are nestled in. It is maintained in a pressurized earth-like atmospheric condition during the Gaganyaan mission, for the safe sustenance of the astronauts. The CM for the Gaganyaan mission is in different stages of development. For the Test Vehicle Abort mission-1 (TV-D1), the CM is an unpressurised version that has completed its integration and testing and is ready to be shipped to the launch complex. This unpressurised CM has the overall size and mass of the actual Gaganyaan CM. It houses all the systems for the deceleration and recovery, which includes multiple parachutes and associated systems.

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Mission Gaganyaan: 
ISRO to commence unmanned flight tests for the Gaganyaan mission. 
 
Preparations for the Flight Test Vehicle Abort Mission-1 (TV-D1), which demonstrates the performance of the Crew Escape System, are underway.<a href="https://t.co/HSY0qfVDEH">https://t.co/HSY0qfVDEH</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/indiannavy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@indiannavy</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Gaganyaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Gaganyaan</a> <a href="https://t.co/XszSDEqs7w">pic.twitter.com/XszSDEqs7w</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1710506719124570606?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 7, 2023</a></blockquote>
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The avionics systems in CM are in a dual redundant mode (even if one fails, the backup systems takeover) configuration for navigation, sequencing, telemetry, instrumentation and power. The CM in this mission is designed to capture the flight data for evaluation of the performance of various systems.&nbsp;

During the TV-D1 mission, the crew module and associated systems will be mounted atop a mini-rocket known as Test vehicle. This is a liquid-fuelled mini rocket based on the L40 stage booster of the GSLV (erstwhile GSLV Mk2) rocket. Mid-flight, as the required conditions(Mach 1.2 or 1.2 times the speed of sound) are achieved, the Crew escape system and crew module would eject from the rocket, when the vehicle is at an altitude of 17km. thereafter, the crew module will be carried to a higher altitude(away from the rocket) and then it would use onboard parachutes to decelerate and gradually splash down in the sea, about 10kms from the coast of the spaceport in Sriharikota. After splashdown, the Crew Module will be recovered, using a dedicated vessel and diving team from the Indian Navy.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/gaza-launches-barrage-of-rockets-at-israel-terrorists-infiltrate-border-towns-643577">Gaza launches barrage of rockets at Israel; 'terrorists' infiltrate border towns</a>

ISRO said that the Crew Module underwent electrical testing, at ISRO’s facility in Bengaluru, including an acoustic test and was dispatched to the spaceport on 13th August. At the spaceport, it will undergo vibration tests and pre-integration with the Crew Escape System, before final integration to the Test Vehicle at the Launch Pad.&nbsp;

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This Test Vehicle mission with this CM is a significant milestone for the overall Gaganyaan program as a near-complete system is getting ready for a flight test. The success of this test flight will set the stage for the remaining qualification tests and multiple unmanned missions, leading to the first Gaganyaan mission with Indian Astronauts, ISRO said.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, ISRO has also taken possession of a crew module shell. This shell is meant to be used for air-drop tests of the same. Air drop tests are another means of testing the parachute systems of the crew module, by dropping it from a flying helicopter. WION had reported on the delivery of the new crew module shell.

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&nbsp;

While developing a fighter plane, it is crucial to prove the mechanism to eject the pilot(s) safely, mid-flight. Likewise, while working towards an astronaut mission, it is of utmost importance to prove the mechanism to eject the crew module (astronaut-carrying shell) to safety, when the rocket is mid-flight.

While developing a fighter plane, it is crucial to prove the mechanism to eject the pilot(s) safely, mid-flight. Likewise, while working towards an astronaut mission, it is of utmost importance to prove the mechanism to eject the crew module (astronaut-carrying shell) to safety, when the rocket is mid-flight. The Indian Space agency ISRO is now gearing up for the maiden mid-flight eject test, in preparation for its human spaceflight mission Gaganyaan. By the end of this month, ISRO is expected to perform the mission known as TV-D1 or Test Vehicle Development Flight 1. Also Read | NASA seeks designs for 'lunar freezer' to safeguard moon mission samples The Crew Module (CM) is where the astronauts are nestled in. It is maintained in a pressurized earth-like atmospheric condition during the Gaganyaan mission, for the safe sustenance of the astronauts. The CM for the Gaganyaan mission is in different stages of development. For the Test Vehicle Abort mission-1 (TV-D1), the CM is an unpressurised version that has completed its integration and testing and is ready to be shipped to the launch complex. This unpressurised CM has the overall size and mass of the actual Gaganyaan CM. It houses all the systems for the deceleration and recovery, which includes multiple parachutes and associated systems. Mission Gaganyaan: ISRO to commence unmanned flight tests for the Gaganyaan mission. Preparations for the Flight Test Vehicle Abort Mission-1 (TV-D1), which demonstrates the performance of the Crew Escape System, are underway.https://t.co/HSY0qfVDEH @indiannavy #Gaganyaan pic.twitter.com/XszSDEqs7w — ISRO (@isro) October 7, 2023 × The avionics systems in CM are in a dual redundant mode (even if one fails, the backup systems takeover) configuration for navigation, sequencing, telemetry, instrumentation and power. The CM in this mission is designed to capture the flight data for evaluation of the performance of various systems. During the TV-D1 mission, the crew module and associated systems will be mounted atop a mini-rocket known as Test vehicle. This is a liquid-fuelled mini rocket based on the L40 stage booster of the GSLV (erstwhile GSLV Mk2) rocket. Mid-flight, as the required conditions(Mach 1.2 or 1.2 times the speed of sound) are achieved, the Crew escape system and crew module would eject from the rocket, when the vehicle is at an altitude of 17km. thereafter, the crew module will be carried to a higher altitude(away from the rocket) and then it would use onboard parachutes to decelerate and gradually splash down in the sea, about 10kms from the coast of the spaceport in Sriharikota. After splashdown, the Crew Module will be recovered, using a dedicated vessel and diving team from the Indian Navy. Also Read | Gaza launches barrage of rockets at Israel; 'terrorists' infiltrate border towns ISRO said that the Crew Module underwent electrical testing, at ISRO’s facility in Bengaluru, including an acoustic test and was dispatched to the spaceport on 13th August. At the spaceport, it will undergo vibration tests and pre-integration with the Crew Escape System, before final integration to the Test Vehicle at the Launch Pad. Watch | Moody's downgrades Egypt × This Test Vehicle mission with this CM is a significant milestone for the overall Gaganyaan program as a near-complete system is getting ready for a flight test. The success of this test flight will set the stage for the remaining qualification tests and multiple unmanned missions, leading to the first Gaganyaan mission with Indian Astronauts, ISRO said. Meanwhile, ISRO has also taken possession of a crew module shell. This shell is meant to be used for air-drop tests of the same. Air drop tests are another means of testing the parachute systems of the crew module, by dropping it from a flying helicopter. WION had reported on the delivery of the new crew module shell. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. ×

ISRO gearing up for mid-flight ejection test, in prep for Gaganyaan

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is performing a host of tests in the run up to the ambitious 'Gaganyaan' astronaut mission. In a latest development, the Indian space agency has taken possession of an indigenously designed and developed Simulated Crew Module (SCM). The SCM is a near-total replica of the structure that will house Indian astronauts during the Gaganyaan mission. In the coming months, ISRO will be flight testing this SCM, on-board a new mini-rocket known as Test Vehicle (TV). WION spoke to Dr&nbsp;S&nbsp;Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of ISRO's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), the lead facility for the development of rockets. Both TV and SCM were also developed by the teams at VSSC, in Kerala's Thiruvananthapuram.

On Friday, ISRO said that Dr&nbsp;S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director, VSSC, received the Simulated Crew Module from V.N. Sai Prakash, MD, Manjira Machine Builders in a ceremony held in Hyderabad. Dr S. Somanath, Chairman, ISRO and Dr R. Umamaheswaran, Director HSFC, graced the occasion through virtual presence.

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(1/4) Today, ISRO received Simulated Crew Module (SCM) Structure Assembly for the Gaganyaan project. 
 
This first indigenous SCM is developed by VSSC and realized by Manjira Machine Builders Pvt Ltd., Hyderabad. <a href="https://t.co/yV1WkKMz4U">pic.twitter.com/yV1WkKMz4U</a>
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In a rocket launch where astronauts are being ferried to space, crew safety is of paramount priority. To ensure this, ISRO is working on demonstrating the capability to abort (eject) and rescue the crew module alone, during different stages of the rocket's flight and under varying conditions. Similar to how a pilot can rapidly (in micro-seconds) eject from a fighter aircraft, the entire crew module (structure) will be able to eject itself from the rocket, by using small, high-thrust, solid-propelled escape motors (mini-rockets).&nbsp;

"The actual crew module and the full-fledged GSLV Mk3 rocket are very expensive, so they cannot be used for conducting multiple abort tests. In order to perform low-cost and highly-efficient testing, we have developed the Simulated Crew Module and a mini liquid-fuelled rocket known as Test Vehicle (based on a single L40 Booster of the GSLV Mk2 rocket)," Dr&nbsp;Nair explained. Our goal is to perform abort tests and check all systems at different stages- at the launchpad, when the rocket is flying and transitioning from subsonic to supersonic, when the rocket is undergoing maximum dynamic pressure, he added.&nbsp;

The mass, aerodynamic characteristics, center of gravity, moment of inertia and several technical and engineering parameters of the SCM are exactly the same as the original crew module. Similarly, it also has provisions for parachutes and pyro systems, just like the original. This will help test how the abort system and its multiple associated systems would work under varying, challenging flight conditions. In 2018, ISRO had tested the abort mechanism at the launchpad from a stationary setup. But the real test would be to conduct an abort when the crew module is being flown atop the rocket.

"The abort mechanism we are using includes multiple mini-rockets or escape motors. During the tests, we will identify how many of these rockets need to be fired at different altitudes to ensure a safe ejection. For example, aborting at the launchpad would mean firing all mini-rockets. Whereas, when the rocket is flying at an altitude of 20 km, only a few mini-rockets would have to be fired for a safe abort. There are different combinations (high-altitude and low-altitude escape motors) for different contingency scenarios. Such testing will also help understand whether the forces exerted by our abort system are suitable and tolerable for human limits," Dr Nair elaborated.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/gaganyaan-indian-astronauts-to-experience-4g-acceleration-during-ascent-12g-if-aborted-557263">Gaganyaan: Indian astronauts to experience '4g' acceleration during ascent, '12g' if aborted</a>

ISRO plans to perform at least four missions with the Test Vehicle, before proceeding to the two Unmanned Missions involving the human-rated GSLV Mk3 rocket. The maiden mission involving astronauts is expected to be carried out after the two Unmanned missions. At present, the Test Vehicle is ready at our spaceport, the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, said Dr. Nair. The Test Vehicle is a low-cost platform that ISRO hopes to utilise for demonstrating a wide-range of technologies- vertical landing, recovery and re-use of rocket stages, hypersonic scramjet, etc.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is performing a host of tests in the run up to the ambitious 'Gaganyaan' astronaut mission. In a latest development, the Indian space agency has taken possession of an indigenously designed and developed Simulated Crew Module (SCM).

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is performing a host of tests in the run up to the ambitious 'Gaganyaan' astronaut mission. In a latest development, the Indian space agency has taken possession of an indigenously designed and developed Simulated Crew Module (SCM). The SCM is a near-total replica of the structure that will house Indian astronauts during the Gaganyaan mission. In the coming months, ISRO will be flight testing this SCM, on-board a new mini-rocket known as Test Vehicle (TV). WION spoke to Dr S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of ISRO's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), the lead facility for the development of rockets. Both TV and SCM were also developed by the teams at VSSC, in Kerala's Thiruvananthapuram. On Friday, ISRO said that Dr S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director, VSSC, received the Simulated Crew Module from V.N. Sai Prakash, MD, Manjira Machine Builders in a ceremony held in Hyderabad. Dr S. Somanath, Chairman, ISRO and Dr R. Umamaheswaran, Director HSFC, graced the occasion through virtual presence. (1/4) Today, ISRO received Simulated Crew Module (SCM) Structure Assembly for the Gaganyaan project. This first indigenous SCM is developed by VSSC and realized by Manjira Machine Builders Pvt Ltd., Hyderabad. pic.twitter.com/yV1WkKMz4U — ISRO (@isro) February 24, 2023 × In a rocket launch where astronauts are being ferried to space, crew safety is of paramount priority. To ensure this, ISRO is working on demonstrating the capability to abort (eject) and rescue the crew module alone, during different stages of the rocket's flight and under varying conditions. Similar to how a pilot can rapidly (in micro-seconds) eject from a fighter aircraft, the entire crew module (structure) will be able to eject itself from the rocket, by using small, high-thrust, solid-propelled escape motors (mini-rockets). "The actual crew module and the full-fledged GSLV Mk3 rocket are very expensive, so they cannot be used for conducting multiple abort tests. In order to perform low-cost and highly-efficient testing, we have developed the Simulated Crew Module and a mini liquid-fuelled rocket known as Test Vehicle (based on a single L40 Booster of the GSLV Mk2 rocket)," Dr Nair explained. Our goal is to perform abort tests and check all systems at different stages- at the launchpad, when the rocket is flying and transitioning from subsonic to supersonic, when the rocket is undergoing maximum dynamic pressure, he added. The mass, aerodynamic characteristics, center of gravity, moment of inertia and several technical and engineering parameters of the SCM are exactly the same as the original crew module. Similarly, it also has provisions for parachutes and pyro systems, just like the original. This will help test how the abort system and its multiple associated systems would work under varying, challenging flight conditions. In 2018, ISRO had tested the abort mechanism at the launchpad from a stationary setup. But the real test would be to conduct an abort when the crew module is being flown atop the rocket. "The abort mechanism we are using includes multiple mini-rockets or escape motors. During the tests, we will identify how many of these rockets need to be fired at different altitudes to ensure a safe ejection. For example, aborting at the launchpad would mean firing all mini-rockets. Whereas, when the rocket is flying at an altitude of 20 km, only a few mini-rockets would have to be fired for a safe abort. There are different combinations (high-altitude and low-altitude escape motors) for different contingency scenarios. Such testing will also help understand whether the forces exerted by our abort system are suitable and tolerable for human limits," Dr Nair elaborated. Also read | Gaganyaan: Indian astronauts to experience '4g' acceleration during ascent, '12g' if aborted ISRO plans to perform at least four missions with the Test Vehicle, before proceeding to the two Unmanned Missions involving the human-rated GSLV Mk3 rocket. The maiden mission involving astronauts is expected to be carried out after the two Unmanned missions. At present, the Test Vehicle is ready at our spaceport, the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, said Dr. Nair. The Test Vehicle is a low-cost platform that ISRO hopes to utilise for demonstrating a wide-range of technologies- vertical landing, recovery and re-use of rocket stages, hypersonic scramjet, etc.

Exclusive | Gaganyaan: ISRO's crew module to undergo in-flight abort tests on mini-rocket 'TV'

India's space programme and launch missions have been delayed by the pandemic, thus affecting the timelines of high-profile missions such as Chandrayaan-3 (the third Lunar mission) and Gaganyaan (human spaceflight mission).&nbsp;

Speaking at an event organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute in Chennai, Dr Jitendra Singh, Union Minister for State, Science and Technology, reminisced about his visit to India's space station, Satish Dhawan Space Centre&nbsp;in southern Sriharikota island, in 2014. He mentioned seeing a live rocket up close, just a few hours before its launch.&nbsp;

Watch |&nbsp;India: ISRO prepares to send Indian astronaut to space

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During a media interaction, responding to WION's question on the timelines of India's upcoming spacefaring missions, Singh said that the Lunar Mission Chandrayaan-3 would happen by the end of 2022 and that the Gaganyaan mission would take place in phases over the next two years.&nbsp;

Also read |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-isro-tests-a-rocket-booster-that-is-among-the-largest-of-its-kind-in-the-world-478594">&nbsp;Watch: ISRO tests rocket booster that is among the largest-of-its-kind in the world</a>

"Chandrayaan-3 mission will happen by the end of this year. For Gaganyaan (human spaceflight), there will be two preliminary missions which will be unmanned. The first one will be totally unmanned while the second one will carry a robot called 'Vyommitra'. Both of these unmanned missions will take place in the next year (2023) and in 2024, we will have the actual human spaceflight," he told WION.

He also added that women scientists are playing a crucial role in the Gaganyaan mission through various technological domains.&nbsp;&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

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India's space programme and launch missions have been delayed by the pandemic, thus affecting the timelines of high-profile missions such as Chandrayaan-3 (the third Lunar mission) and Gaganyaan (human spaceflight mission).

India's space programme and launch missions have been delayed by the pandemic, thus affecting the timelines of high-profile missions such as Chandrayaan-3 (the third Lunar mission) and Gaganyaan (human spaceflight mission). Speaking at an event organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute in Chennai, Dr Jitendra Singh, Union Minister for State, Science and Technology, reminisced about his visit to India's space station, Satish Dhawan Space Centre in southern Sriharikota island, in 2014. He mentioned seeing a live rocket up close, just a few hours before its launch. Watch | India: ISRO prepares to send Indian astronaut to space During a media interaction, responding to WION's question on the timelines of India's upcoming spacefaring missions, Singh said that the Lunar Mission Chandrayaan-3 would happen by the end of 2022 and that the Gaganyaan mission would take place in phases over the next two years. Also read | Watch: ISRO tests rocket booster that is among the largest-of-its-kind in the world "Chandrayaan-3 mission will happen by the end of this year. For Gaganyaan (human spaceflight), there will be two preliminary missions which will be unmanned. The first one will be totally unmanned while the second one will carry a robot called 'Vyommitra'. Both of these unmanned missions will take place in the next year (2023) and in 2024, we will have the actual human spaceflight," he told WION. He also added that women scientists are playing a crucial role in the Gaganyaan mission through various technological domains. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3 launch by 2022-end, Gaganyaan manned mission in 2024: Minister Jitendra Singh

India's state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) supplied to ISRO, what is being referred to as the first set of hardware for India's Human Spaceflight mission.

India's state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) supplied to ISRO, what is being referred to as the first set of hardware for India's Human Spaceflight mission. According to HAL, this hardware is the Satellite bus or external structure of the satellite that is meant to provide communication support for the Gaganyaan mission. While the Satellite bus can be thought of as a skeleton, it attains its final form only after electronics, hardware, solar panels and other components are fitted on it. The newly handed over satellite bus also happens to be the 150th such unit being rolled out of HAL. ALSO READ | Indian Space start-up 'Pixxel' to have constellation of 20 satellites by 2024 Specifically, this structure that was handed over is meant for the IDRSS Satellite. Two of these Indian Data Relay System Satellites would be placed nearly 36,000km above the equator (where they would remain in sync with the earth’s rotation or at a constant position when seen from earth) and will offer near-total tracking and communication with India’s space assets. It must be noted that a constellation of 3 satellites positioned in a 36,000km orbit can offer real-time, 24/7 monitoring of almost the entire earth. Each IDRSS satellite weighs 2275kg and is meant to be launched by the GSLV Mk2 rocket. #UPDATE #ISRO : The first set of #gaganyaan hardware that @HALHQBLR handed to @isro is the shell of Indian Data Relay Satellite system(comms), 2 of which are meant to help #Indian astronauts stay in 24/7 touch with ground stations... IDRSS sats weigh 2275kg, launch by GSLV Mk2 pic.twitter.com/zbTJlXsrs5 — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) April 5, 2022 × Earlier, Dr. K.Sivan, Chairman, ISRO had told WION that ISRO intends to launch two such IDRSS satellites prior to the Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight. While the Gaganyaan spacecraft would be placed in a low earth orbit, 400kms above the earth, these two IDRSS satellites would help Indian astronauts communicate with the ground stations. For context, when Gaganyaan is orbiting the earth, but not visible to the ground stations, Gaganyaan can send its signals and communicate with the IDRSS satellites up above, which in turn would relay it down to the ground stations and vice versa. This would ensure constant communication between the astronauts and their mission control on earth. ALSO READ | Jupiter-like planet in space? Scientists observe stunning formation of planet that is 'in the womb' R.Madhavan, Chairman and Managing Director of HAL recalled the organization's four-decade-long association with ISRO and how it is poised to play a bigger role in the integration of ISRO's rockets. "We will continue to be a reliable partner of ISRO with dedication, devotion and zeal" he added. HAL also inaugurated a new facility that is meant to integrate the PS2 and GS2 stages of India's PSLV and GSLV rockets, respectively. The PS2 and GS2 stages serve as the second stages of India's launch vehicles PSLV and GSLV respectively and are powered by a Vikas engine, which uses liquid fuels. HAL hands over the first set of Gaganyaan hardware to ISRO, also PS2/GS2 stage integration facility inaugurated in Bengaluru. @isro @SpokespersonMoD @drajaykumar_ias @DefProdnIndia @gopalsutar pic.twitter.com/uqDLLZ1ETo — HAL (@HALHQBLR) April 4, 2022 × The most ambitious programme of ISRO, Gaganyaan or the Human Spaceflight programme has been delayed to the COVID-19 pandemic and its resultant impact on industries and restrictions. ISRO is expected to have the first unmanned flight of Gaganyaan by end of 2022 or early 2023. This will be followed up by one or two additional unmanned flights and the manned attempt.

India's HAL hands over satellite structure that is meant to support ISRO's Gaganyaan mission

Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX, congratulated the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on the successful completion of the third long-duration hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas engine for the Gaganyaan programme, India's first manned space mission.&nbsp;

ISRO successfully tested the core L110 liquid stage of the human-rated GSLV MkIII spacecraft on Wednesday, as part of the Gaganyaan programme's engine qualification requirements, the space agency said in a statement. 
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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISRO</a> on July 14, 2021 has successfully conducted the hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas Engine for the core L110 liquid stage of the human rated GSLV MkIII vehicle, as part of engine qualification requirements for the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Gaganyaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Gaganyaan</a> Programme 
 
Read More: <a href="https://t.co/cqYatVNwsf">https://t.co/cqYatVNwsf</a> <a href="https://t.co/4MFvHIBgVW">pic.twitter.com/4MFvHIBgVW</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1415312724876095492?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 14, 2021</a></blockquote>
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At the ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, the engine was fired for 240 seconds.

The engine's performance met the test objectives, and the parameters were near to the projections during the test, according to an official statement made by ISRO.

As part of the Gaganyaan programme, four Indian astronaut candidates have previously completed general space flight training in Russia.&nbsp;

Union Minister of State (Independent charge) of Space, Jitendra Singh said in February this year that the first unmanned mission is planned in December 2021 and the second unmanned one in 2022-23 followed by the human spaceflight demonstration.

(With inputs from agencies)

Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX, congratulated the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on the successful completion of the third long-duration hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas engine for the Gaganyaan programme, India's first manned space mission.

Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX, congratulated the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on the successful completion of the third long-duration hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas engine for the Gaganyaan programme, India's first manned space mission. ISRO successfully tested the core L110 liquid stage of the human-rated GSLV MkIII spacecraft on Wednesday, as part of the Gaganyaan programme's engine qualification requirements, the space agency said in a statement. #ISRO on July 14, 2021 has successfully conducted the hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas Engine for the core L110 liquid stage of the human rated GSLV MkIII vehicle, as part of engine qualification requirements for the #Gaganyaan Programme Read More: https://t.co/cqYatVNwsf pic.twitter.com/4MFvHIBgVW — ISRO (@isro) July 14, 2021 × At the ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, the engine was fired for 240 seconds. The engine's performance met the test objectives, and the parameters were near to the projections during the test, according to an official statement made by ISRO. As part of the Gaganyaan programme, four Indian astronaut candidates have previously completed general space flight training in Russia. Union Minister of State (Independent charge) of Space, Jitendra Singh said in February this year that the first unmanned mission is planned in December 2021 and the second unmanned one in 2022-23 followed by the human spaceflight demonstration. (With inputs from agencies)

Elon Musk lauds ISRO on 3rd test of Vikas engine for Gaganyaan mission

The whole nation felt the pain when Chandrayaan-2's lander crashed&nbsp;on the lunar surface just moments before it was about to create history. This New Year, however, ISRO chief K Sivan once again gave Indians a reason to rejoice when he announced that four astronauts have been shortlisted for India's first manned space mission Gaganyaan. The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on his Independence Day Speech last year said that by 2022 India would send its astronauts to space.

So what is Gaganyaan? What is the&nbsp;significance&nbsp;of the mission? This article attempts to answer all key questions related to India's ambitious new programme.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/gaganyaan-mission-four-astronauts-selected-to-undergo-training-in-russia-says-isro-chief-k-sivan-271425">Gaganyaan mission: Four astronauts selected to undergo training in Russia, says ISRO chief K Sivan</a>

What is Gaganyaan?&nbsp;

Gaganyaan is a crewed orbital spacecraft that is expected to take three astronauts to space for a period of seven days. For the mission, India's space agency is planning to carry out two unmanned missions in December 2020 and July 2021, followed by the manned mission by December 2021. ISRO's Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) will be used for the manned space mission.

"The total fund requirement for the Gaganyaan Programme is within Rs.10,000 crore," as per a government statement. The spacecraft will be placed in a low earth orbit of 300-400 km. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Why is it significant?

If India successfully sends four astronauts to space, it will be only the fourth nation to do so after the United States, China and Russia. It will re-establish India's space research position amongst giants such as the US, China and Russia, which spends way more money than India on space programmes.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/russia-to-train-four-indian-astronauts-for-gaganyaan-mission-245890">Gaganyaan mission: Russia to train 4 Indian astronauts; special ISRO unit at Moscow</a>

What is the Russian connection?

The all-weather friendship of India and Russia has also been reflected in the field of space. India's only astronaut to travel space Rakesh Sharma, also undertook his journey in Russia's Interkosmos programme. For Gaganyaan, ISRO signed an agreement with Russia's Glavkosmos to select and train Indian astronauts for the space mission. Earlier ISRO chief had said that 12 astronauts from India would go to Russia for training and four would be shortlisted. The selected astronauts will now undergo rigorous training for 15 months In India and abroad.&nbsp;

What will be the challenges encountered by astronauts to get mission ready?

The Gaganyaan crew will first undergo medical examination followed by rigorous physical training even for military personnel. The idea behind this tough training programme is to get astronauts accustomed to gravitational changes which will cause physiological alterations.

Often, astronauts face motion sickness when they experience weightlessness in the space. The changing gravity also results in fluctuations in blood circulation especially during re-entry to earth or landing which also makes astronauts unconscious due to lack of internal pressure. For the mission preparation, astronauts will be put under a centrifuge which will spin rapidly in order to adapt them for gravitational acceleration. &nbsp; &nbsp;

The astronauts will also be acquainted with life support systems, navigation and thermal controls, astronomy, and other necessary sciences if a need arose of manual intervention or emergency.

Generally, astronauts are trained for four years, but Indian space explorers would only get only two years for meeting the launch deadline.&nbsp;

What can be the impact of Gagnayaan?

The success of Gaganyaan would unlock many doors to experiment with more spaceflight missions. It will also give boost to India's ambition of setting up its own space station.&nbsp;

The whole nation felt the pain when Chandrayaan-2's lander crashed on the lunar surface just moments before it was about to create history. This New Year, however, ISRO chief K Sivan once again gave Indians a reason to rejoice when he announced that four astronauts have been shortlisted for India's first manned space mission Gaganyaan.

The whole nation felt the pain when Chandrayaan-2's lander crashed on the lunar surface just moments before it was about to create history. This New Year, however, ISRO chief K Sivan once again gave Indians a reason to rejoice when he announced that four astronauts have been shortlisted for India's first manned space mission Gaganyaan. The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on his Independence Day Speech last year said that by 2022 India would send its astronauts to space. So what is Gaganyaan? What is the significance of the mission? This article attempts to answer all key questions related to India's ambitious new programme. Also read: Gaganyaan mission: Four astronauts selected to undergo training in Russia, says ISRO chief K Sivan What is Gaganyaan? Gaganyaan is a crewed orbital spacecraft that is expected to take three astronauts to space for a period of seven days. For the mission, India's space agency is planning to carry out two unmanned missions in December 2020 and July 2021, followed by the manned mission by December 2021. ISRO's Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) will be used for the manned space mission. "The total fund requirement for the Gaganyaan Programme is within Rs.10,000 crore," as per a government statement. The spacecraft will be placed in a low earth orbit of 300-400 km. Why is it significant? If India successfully sends four astronauts to space, it will be only the fourth nation to do so after the United States, China and Russia. It will re-establish India's space research position amongst giants such as the US, China and Russia, which spends way more money than India on space programmes. Also read: Gaganyaan mission: Russia to train 4 Indian astronauts; special ISRO unit at Moscow What is the Russian connection? The all-weather friendship of India and Russia has also been reflected in the field of space. India's only astronaut to travel space Rakesh Sharma, also undertook his journey in Russia's Interkosmos programme. For Gaganyaan, ISRO signed an agreement with Russia's Glavkosmos to select and train Indian astronauts for the space mission. Earlier ISRO chief had said that 12 astronauts from India would go to Russia for training and four would be shortlisted. The selected astronauts will now undergo rigorous training for 15 months In India and abroad. What will be the challenges encountered by astronauts to get mission ready? The Gaganyaan crew will first undergo medical examination followed by rigorous physical training even for military personnel. The idea behind this tough training programme is to get astronauts accustomed to gravitational changes which will cause physiological alterations. Often, astronauts face motion sickness when they experience weightlessness in the space. The changing gravity also results in fluctuations in blood circulation especially during re-entry to earth or landing which also makes astronauts unconscious due to lack of internal pressure. For the mission preparation, astronauts will be put under a centrifuge which will spin rapidly in order to adapt them for gravitational acceleration. The astronauts will also be acquainted with life support systems, navigation and thermal controls, astronomy, and other necessary sciences if a need arose of manual intervention or emergency. Generally, astronauts are trained for four years, but Indian space explorers would only get only two years for meeting the launch deadline. What can be the impact of Gagnayaan? The success of Gaganyaan would unlock many doors to experiment with more spaceflight missions. It will also give boost to India's ambition of setting up its own space station.

EXPLAINED: Gaganyaan- All you need to know about India's first manned space mission

This year is going to be an eventful year for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), said ISRO chairman Dr K Sivan on Wednesday, adding that four astronauts have been selected to undergo training in Russia for the Gaganyaan mission.&nbsp;

"We had good progress on Gaganyaan in 2019, many of the designs were completed. Four astronauts have been identified for the training purpose. The training for the astronauts who are from the Indian Air Force will be planned in the third week of January which will take place in Russia," said Sivan.

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Watch | India's ISRO unveils 2020 space programme<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Gaganyaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Gaganyaan</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan3</a> to be launched in 2020<a href="https://twitter.com/alysonle?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@alysonle</a> elucidates <a href="https://t.co/pQXe2nKphb">pic.twitter.com/pQXe2nKphb</a>
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He also stated that Chandrayaan-3`s configuration will be almost similar to Chandrayaan-2 but will have a rover with a propulsion module.

"In Chandrayaan-2 we had orbiter, lander and rover configuration but the Chandrayaan-3 will be having a lander and rover with a propulsion module. The work is being carried out very smoothly," he said.

Sivan further added that Chandrayaan-3's lander and craft cost is approximately Rs 250 crore, whereas the launch cost will be around Rs 350 crore. So, the total cost will be around Rs 600 crore.ISRO has asked the government for Rs 14,000 crore budget for the 2020 projects.&nbsp;

"Just like last year, this year is also going to be an eventful year for ISRO. This year is going to the year of Chandrayan-3 and Gaganyaan. We have planned another satellite for this year i.e. GSAT 20. Many targets have been planned for 2020. For Gaganyan many systems need to be tested before flight. Crew training is another major activity that is going to happen this year," said Sivan.&nbsp;

Sivan further added that ISRO is planning to undertake many major projects, new developments and at the same time launch the satellites required for societal purpose as well.

This year is going to be an eventful year for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), said ISRO chairman Dr K Sivan on Wednesday, adding that four astronauts have been selected to undergo training in Russia for the Gaganyaan mission.

This year is going to be an eventful year for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), said ISRO chairman Dr K Sivan on Wednesday, adding that four astronauts have been selected to undergo training in Russia for the Gaganyaan mission. "We had good progress on Gaganyaan in 2019, many of the designs were completed. Four astronauts have been identified for the training purpose. The training for the astronauts who are from the Indian Air Force will be planned in the third week of January which will take place in Russia," said Sivan. Watch | India's ISRO unveils 2020 space programme#Gaganyaan and #Chandrayaan3 to be launched in 2020@alysonle elucidates pic.twitter.com/pQXe2nKphb — WION (@WIONews) January 1, 2020 × He also stated that Chandrayaan-3`s configuration will be almost similar to Chandrayaan-2 but will have a rover with a propulsion module. "In Chandrayaan-2 we had orbiter, lander and rover configuration but the Chandrayaan-3 will be having a lander and rover with a propulsion module. The work is being carried out very smoothly," he said. Sivan further added that Chandrayaan-3's lander and craft cost is approximately Rs 250 crore, whereas the launch cost will be around Rs 350 crore. So, the total cost will be around Rs 600 crore.ISRO has asked the government for Rs 14,000 crore budget for the 2020 projects. "Just like last year, this year is also going to be an eventful year for ISRO. This year is going to the year of Chandrayan-3 and Gaganyaan. We have planned another satellite for this year i.e. GSAT 20. Many targets have been planned for 2020. For Gaganyan many systems need to be tested before flight. Crew training is another major activity that is going to happen this year," said Sivan. Sivan further added that ISRO is planning to undertake many major projects, new developments and at the same time launch the satellites required for societal purpose as well.

Gaganyaan mission: Four astronauts selected to undergo training in Russia, says ISRO chief K Sivan

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