<p>Researchers have detected an exoplanet that appears to be far too massive for its host star. According to the study published in <strong><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo0233?adobe_mc=MCMID%3D29156901692544506352378989499645601893%7CMCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1701342118">the journal Science</a></strong>, researchers said the exoplanet- called LHS 3154b- is 13 times bigger than Earth, and is orbiting the star called 3154, which is nine times smaller than the Sun. The planet was found using an instrument called the Habitable Zone Planet Finder (HPF)</p>

<p>"We used radial velocity observations to detect a Neptune-mass exoplanet orbiting LHS 3154, a star that is nine times less massive than the Sun," the study said.</p>

<p>"The exoplanet’s orbital period is 3.7 days, and its minimum mass is 13.2 Earth masses," it added. The study said that planets form in protoplanetary disks of gas and dust around young stars that are undergoing their formation process.</p>

<p>The amount of material in the disk determines how big the planets can grow. "In the core-accretion simulations, we show that close-in Neptune-mass planets are only formed if the dust mass of the protoplanetary disk is an order of magnitude greater than typically observed around very low-mass stars," it further added.</p>

<p>Speaking to The Guardian, the study's co-author Professor Suvrath Mahadevan, of Penn State University said that this discovery drives home the point of just how little is known about the universe.</p>

<p>"We wouldn’t expect a planet this heavy around such a low-mass star to exist," Professor Mahadevan said. “The planet-forming disk around the low-mass star LHS 3154 is not expected to have enough solid mass to make this planet,” he added.</p>

<p>Mahadevan also said there is a need to re-examine the understanding of how planets and stars are formed.</p>

<p>Speaking on the findings, Prof Frédéric Masset of the National Autonomous University of Mexico said that such a big planet in the vicinity of such a small star is “unheard of” and could prompt a rethink of planetary formation, The Guardian reported.</p>


Researchers have detected an exoplanet that appears to be far too massive for its host star. According to the study published in the journal Science, researchers said the exoplanet- called LHS 3154b- is 13 times bigger than Earth, and is orbiting the star called 3154, which is nine times smaller than the Sun.

Researchers have detected an exoplanet that appears to be far too massive for its host star. According to the study published in the journal Science, researchers said the exoplanet- called LHS 3154b- is 13 times bigger than Earth, and is orbiting the star called 3154, which is nine times smaller than the Sun. The planet was found using an instrument called the Habitable Zone Planet Finder (HPF) "We used radial velocity observations to detect a Neptune-mass exoplanet orbiting LHS 3154, a star that is nine times less massive than the Sun," the study said. "The exoplanet’s orbital period is 3.7 days, and its minimum mass is 13.2 Earth masses," it added. The study said that planets form in protoplanetary disks of gas and dust around young stars that are undergoing their formation process. The amount of material in the disk determines how big the planets can grow. "In the core-accretion simulations, we show that close-in Neptune-mass planets are only formed if the dust mass of the protoplanetary disk is an order of magnitude greater than typically observed around very low-mass stars," it further added. Speaking to The Guardian, the study's co-author Professor Suvrath Mahadevan, of Penn State University said that this discovery drives home the point of just how little is known about the universe. "We wouldn’t expect a planet this heavy around such a low-mass star to exist," Professor Mahadevan said. “The planet-forming disk around the low-mass star LHS 3154 is not expected to have enough solid mass to make this planet,” he added. Mahadevan also said there is a need to re-examine the understanding of how planets and stars are formed. Speaking on the findings, Prof Frédéric Masset of the National Autonomous University of Mexico said that such a big planet in the vicinity of such a small star is “unheard of” and could prompt a rethink of planetary formation, The Guardian reported.

Exoplanet 13 times bigger than Earth found orbiting star 9 times smaller than our Sun

<p>NASA on its social media shared another marvel of space, the 'Hidden galaxy', also known as the spiral galaxy.<br />
<br />
The galaxy, which is located nearly 11 million light-years away from Earth, was captured using the Hubble telescope. The European Space Agency's Euclid mission captured the stunning image of the galaxy.<br />
<br />
"The spiral galaxy above also known as the "Hidden Galaxy," is the first of five images released from the Euclid mission," wrote NASA, in the caption on the social media platform Instagram.</p>

<p><strong>Also read:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-warns-of-solar-storm-hitting-earth-today-amid-increased-activity-fiery-eruptions-on-sun-662975">NASA warns of solar storm hitting Earth amid increased activity, fiery eruptions on Sun</a></p>

<p>The space agency further added that the galaxy is located around 11 million light-years away from Earth and it is located behind a crowd of dust in the Milky Way.<br />
<br />
Located about 11 million light-years from Earth, it lies behind a crowd of dust in the Milky Way. Euclid is able to peek through the dust to study it by using a near-infrared instrument. "Euclid’s first images mark the beginning of a new era of studying dark matter and dark energy,” said Mike Seiffert, Euclid project scientist at @NASAJPL. "NASA teams will join Euclid scientists to study the dark energy, dark matter and galaxy evolution found in space,” the caption read.</p>

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<p>“The @EuropeanSpaceAgency’s Euclid mission launched on July 1, 2023, with NASA contributions. The space telescope is performing as expected after travelling nearly 1 million miles to its vantage point,” it added.</p>

<h2><strong>Spiral galaxy shares similarity with Milky Way</strong></h2>

<p>Typically, a spiral galaxy has a rotating disc with spiral 'arms' which curve out from a dense central region. The Milky Way is also considered a spiral galaxy.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;New evidence suggests size of the Sun could be smaller, says report </strong></p>

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<p>Describing the galaxy's image in the caption, NASA wrote, “A big spiral galaxy is visible face-on in white/pink colours at the centre of this square astronomical image. The galaxy covers almost the entire image and appears whiter at its center where more stars are located. Its spiral arms stretch out across the image and appear fainter at the edges. The entire image is speckled with stars ranging in colour from blue to white to yellow and red, across a black background of space. Blue stars are younger and red stars are older. A few of the stars are a bit larger than the rest, with six diffraction spikes.”<br />
<br />
Just after 5 hours ⁣⁣of getting posted, the image garnered more than 2 lakh likes on Instagram. The image shared by NASA appeared to have left the space-lovers absolutely mesmerised.<br />
<br />
A user wrote, "That would make an out-of-this-world holiday ornament! We're sure people would make space on their tree for one."<br />
<br />
Another user said, "This telescope will produce great science!”</p>

<p>“Wow, this is what everyone needed to see before going to bed! Such dreams to everyone," wrote a third user.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;</em></p>


NASA on its social media shared another marvel of space, the 'Hidden galaxy', also known as the spiral galaxy. The galaxy, which is located nearly 11 million light-years away from Earth, was captured using the Hubble telescope.

NASA on its social media shared another marvel of space, the 'Hidden galaxy', also known as the spiral galaxy. The galaxy, which is located nearly 11 million light-years away from Earth, was captured using the Hubble telescope. The European Space Agency's Euclid mission captured the stunning image of the galaxy. "The spiral galaxy above also known as the "Hidden Galaxy," is the first of five images released from the Euclid mission," wrote NASA, in the caption on the social media platform Instagram. Also read: NASA warns of solar storm hitting Earth amid increased activity, fiery eruptions on Sun The space agency further added that the galaxy is located around 11 million light-years away from Earth and it is located behind a crowd of dust in the Milky Way. Located about 11 million light-years from Earth, it lies behind a crowd of dust in the Milky Way. Euclid is able to peek through the dust to study it by using a near-infrared instrument. "Euclid’s first images mark the beginning of a new era of studying dark matter and dark energy,” said Mike Seiffert, Euclid project scientist at @NASAJPL. "NASA teams will join Euclid scientists to study the dark energy, dark matter and galaxy evolution found in space,” the caption read. View this post on Instagram A post shared by NASA (@nasa) × “The @EuropeanSpaceAgency’s Euclid mission launched on July 1, 2023, with NASA contributions. The space telescope is performing as expected after travelling nearly 1 million miles to its vantage point,” it added. Spiral galaxy shares similarity with Milky Way Typically, a spiral galaxy has a rotating disc with spiral 'arms' which curve out from a dense central region. The Milky Way is also considered a spiral galaxy. Watch: New evidence suggests size of the Sun could be smaller, says report Describing the galaxy's image in the caption, NASA wrote, “A big spiral galaxy is visible face-on in white/pink colours at the centre of this square astronomical image. The galaxy covers almost the entire image and appears whiter at its center where more stars are located. Its spiral arms stretch out across the image and appear fainter at the edges. The entire image is speckled with stars ranging in colour from blue to white to yellow and red, across a black background of space. Blue stars are younger and red stars are older. A few of the stars are a bit larger than the rest, with six diffraction spikes.” Just after 5 hours ⁣⁣of getting posted, the image garnered more than 2 lakh likes on Instagram. The image shared by NASA appeared to have left the space-lovers absolutely mesmerised. A user wrote, "That would make an out-of-this-world holiday ornament! We're sure people would make space on their tree for one." Another user said, "This telescope will produce great science!” “Wow, this is what everyone needed to see before going to bed! Such dreams to everyone," wrote a third user. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA shares image of 'Hidden galaxy' which is 11 million light-years away from Earth

<p>What will happen to our solar system if it ever encounters a rogue star? Researchers, including lead author Sean N. Raymond and co-authors Nathan A. Kaib, Franck Selsis, and Herve Bouy, recently published a study on arxiv.org, concluding that a rouge star can irreparably disrupt our solar system, completely dislodging the Earth from its orbit.</p>

<h2><strong>What is a rogue star?</strong></h2>

<p>A star, which is no longer under the gravitational influence of its sun, can eject from its home galaxy and interact with neighbouring ones.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Such stars are called rogue elements, which can sometimes move in odd directions and interfere with the gravitational orbits of other stars.</p>

<p>Scientists used computer models to understand the impact of such a rogue star on our solar system if it ever pays a visit.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Results and predictions</strong></h2>

<p>The team relied on N-body simulations to help them determine “the possible evolutionary pathways of the planets under the perturbation from a close stellar passage,” which revealed a close to 92 per cent chance that the eight known planets in our solar system would remain in their current orbits or similar ones if a rogue star were to pass within 100 astronomical units (au) of the Sun.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3: What are ISRO's plans to bring Moon samples to Earth?</strong></p>

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<p>Of all, mercury is the most fragile planet in our solar system, the scientists said.</p>

<p>“Mercury is the most fragile, with a destruction rate (usually via collision with the Sun) higher than that of the four giant planets combined,” the authors write in their paper.</p>

<h2><strong>What will happen to our Earth?</strong></h2>

<p>Speaking of the Earth, our planet may most likely collide with the moon in such a situation, thus completely eliminating life here.&nbsp;</p>

<p>It is also possible that our planet may get swayed by the gravitational pull of the rogue star, thus taking a radically different orbit altogether with the rogue star effectively acting as our new sun.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/europes-juice-probe-set-to-use-first-ever-double-gravity-assist-from-earth-and-moon-for-launch-to-jupiter-661150"><strong>Also read:&nbsp;Europe’s JUICE probe set to use first-ever ‘double gravity assist’ from Earth and Moon for launch to Jupiter</strong></a></p>

<p>Moreover, the Earth could end up in a more distant orbit than its current one, which would result in conditions becoming far colder due to the planet’s further distance from the Sun.</p>

<p>However, researchers said the chances of a rogue star disrupting our solar system are fairly low.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


What will happen to our solar system if it ever encounters a rogue star? Researchers, including lead author Sean N. Raymond and co-authors Nathan A. Kaib, Franck Selsis, and Herve Bouy, recently published a study on arxiv.

What will happen to our solar system if it ever encounters a rogue star? Researchers, including lead author Sean N. Raymond and co-authors Nathan A. Kaib, Franck Selsis, and Herve Bouy, recently published a study on arxiv.org, concluding that a rouge star can irreparably disrupt our solar system, completely dislodging the Earth from its orbit. What is a rogue star? A star, which is no longer under the gravitational influence of its sun, can eject from its home galaxy and interact with neighbouring ones. Such stars are called rogue elements, which can sometimes move in odd directions and interfere with the gravitational orbits of other stars. Scientists used computer models to understand the impact of such a rogue star on our solar system if it ever pays a visit. Results and predictions The team relied on N-body simulations to help them determine “the possible evolutionary pathways of the planets under the perturbation from a close stellar passage,” which revealed a close to 92 per cent chance that the eight known planets in our solar system would remain in their current orbits or similar ones if a rogue star were to pass within 100 astronomical units (au) of the Sun. Watch: Chandrayaan-3: What are ISRO's plans to bring Moon samples to Earth? × Of all, mercury is the most fragile planet in our solar system, the scientists said. “Mercury is the most fragile, with a destruction rate (usually via collision with the Sun) higher than that of the four giant planets combined,” the authors write in their paper. What will happen to our Earth? Speaking of the Earth, our planet may most likely collide with the moon in such a situation, thus completely eliminating life here. It is also possible that our planet may get swayed by the gravitational pull of the rogue star, thus taking a radically different orbit altogether with the rogue star effectively acting as our new sun. Also read: Europe’s JUICE probe set to use first-ever ‘double gravity assist’ from Earth and Moon for launch to Jupiter Moreover, the Earth could end up in a more distant orbit than its current one, which would result in conditions becoming far colder due to the planet’s further distance from the Sun. However, researchers said the chances of a rogue star disrupting our solar system are fairly low. (With inputs from agencies)

A rogue star can send Earth smashing into Moon, wiping out all life, study finds

<p>The Sun is experiencing a sudden surge in activity with a significant rise in the number of sunspots which are sending plumes of hot plasma out into space, the impact of which is expected to be felt by Earth in the form of geomagnetic storms triggered radio blackouts, reported Newsweek citing a NASA model.</p>

<h2><strong>What is happening to the Sun?</strong></h2>

<p>The Sun’s surface is covered with dark spots which are called sunspots where the magnetic field is very strong and in the last week or so, the number of these black pockmarks has increased tenfold and are said to be spewing out several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) every day.&nbsp;</p>

<p>A report by Newsweek citing NASA model said that one of these CMEs – large expulsions of clouds of plasma from the Sun’s corona at high speeds – is expected to hit our magnetic field and atmosphere late on November 25. The Sun may also send out solar flares which are bright bursts of electromagnetic energy.</p>

<p>“Solar flares and CME are both caused by the sun through its magnetic field being twisted and stressed through motions in the sun,” Daniel Brown, an associate professor in astronomy and science communication at Nottingham Trent University in the United Kingdom, told Newsweek.</p>

<p>He added, “However, a solar flare is the immense release of light triggered by the snapping and rearranging of the magnetic fields on the sun. That will go hand in hand typically with the release of a CME. But it will take a day or more for the particles to arrive while the light and radiation reaches us in just over 8 minutes.”</p>

<p>A report by Spaceweather.com said that the rise in sunspots began on November 18 when AR3490, the first sunspot group, emerged on the Sun’s northeastern side. Subsequently, another sunspot group, AR3491 emerged and is said to have formed a trail behind it.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>How will this affect the Earth?</strong></h2>

<p>Particles of CME hitting Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere trigger a geomagnetic storm during which auroras – which are a result of disturbances in the Earth’s magnetosphere caused by the solar wind – could enhance and also be visible in lower altitudes.&nbsp;</p>

<p>“A geomagnetic storm occurs when the Earth’s magnetic field is seriously disrupted by eruptions from the sun,” Huw Morgan, head of the Solar Physics group at Aberystwyth University in the UK told Newsweek.&nbsp;</p>

<p>“When a large plasma storm erupts from the sun, and that storm carries a magnetic field which is oriented in an opposite direction to Earth's magnetic field, we have a ‘perfect storm,’ and a larger geomagnetic storm.”</p>

<p>But other than painting the sky with pretty lights, geomagnetic storms can also impact infrastructure like fluctuations and outages in the power grid and radio blackouts.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


The Sun is experiencing a sudden surge in activity with a significant rise in the number of sunspots which are sending plumes of hot plasma out into space, the impact of which is expected to be felt by Earth in the form of geomagnetic storms triggered radio blackouts, reported Newsweek citing a NASA model.

The Sun is experiencing a sudden surge in activity with a significant rise in the number of sunspots which are sending plumes of hot plasma out into space, the impact of which is expected to be felt by Earth in the form of geomagnetic storms triggered radio blackouts, reported Newsweek citing a NASA model. What is happening to the Sun? The Sun’s surface is covered with dark spots which are called sunspots where the magnetic field is very strong and in the last week or so, the number of these black pockmarks has increased tenfold and are said to be spewing out several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) every day. A report by Newsweek citing NASA model said that one of these CMEs – large expulsions of clouds of plasma from the Sun’s corona at high speeds – is expected to hit our magnetic field and atmosphere late on November 25. The Sun may also send out solar flares which are bright bursts of electromagnetic energy. “Solar flares and CME are both caused by the sun through its magnetic field being twisted and stressed through motions in the sun,” Daniel Brown, an associate professor in astronomy and science communication at Nottingham Trent University in the United Kingdom, told Newsweek. He added, “However, a solar flare is the immense release of light triggered by the snapping and rearranging of the magnetic fields on the sun. That will go hand in hand typically with the release of a CME. But it will take a day or more for the particles to arrive while the light and radiation reaches us in just over 8 minutes.” A report by Spaceweather.com said that the rise in sunspots began on November 18 when AR3490, the first sunspot group, emerged on the Sun’s northeastern side. Subsequently, another sunspot group, AR3491 emerged and is said to have formed a trail behind it. How will this affect the Earth? Particles of CME hitting Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere trigger a geomagnetic storm during which auroras – which are a result of disturbances in the Earth’s magnetosphere caused by the solar wind – could enhance and also be visible in lower altitudes. “A geomagnetic storm occurs when the Earth’s magnetic field is seriously disrupted by eruptions from the sun,” Huw Morgan, head of the Solar Physics group at Aberystwyth University in the UK told Newsweek. “When a large plasma storm erupts from the sun, and that storm carries a magnetic field which is oriented in an opposite direction to Earth's magnetic field, we have a ‘perfect storm,’ and a larger geomagnetic storm.” But other than painting the sky with pretty lights, geomagnetic storms can also impact infrastructure like fluctuations and outages in the power grid and radio blackouts. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA warns of solar storm hitting Earth amid increased activity, fiery eruptions on Sun

<p>A massive volcanic eruption on 'Devil&nbsp;Comet', as it races towards Earth and might make its closest approach next year, is likely to have removed its distinctive 'horns' that earned it the sinister nickname.<br />
<br />
After the latest and most violent outburst last week, the comet's trademark head spikes were not seen as they did after earlier eruptions. However, astronomers noticed many new characteristics in the Devil Comet, which included a mysterious "shadow” and a rare green hue.<br />
<br />
The massive 10.5-mile-wide (17-kilometre) 'Devil Comet', scientific&nbsp;name&nbsp; 12P/Pons-Brooks (12P), has been hurtling towards Earth and will make its closest approach of more than 70 years next summer.<br />
<br />
Comet 12P is cryovolcanic, meaning it has an icy shell, or nucleus filled with gas and ice. After the comet absorbs enough radiation from the sun, its cryomagma or frosty innards get superheated. The pressure increases inside the nucleus till the shell cracks and the icy guts of the comet spray into space.</p>

<p><strong>Also read:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/will-devil-comet-hurtling-towards-earth-bring-devastation-heres-what-scientists-suggest-649879">Will 'Devil Comet' hurtling towards Earth bring devastation? Here's what scientists suggest</a></p>

<p>After every eruption, the comet's dust and a fuzzy, reflective cloud of cryomagma expand and make it appear brighter to astronomers. Till now, the comet had three major eruptions. One took place on July 20 when it was seen exploding for the first time in 69 years and the other explosion happened on October 5 when the eruption was more vigorous; and the third on Halloween (October 31) which was a comparatively less intense outburst.</p>

<h2><strong>Why do horns appear on the comet and will they appear in future?</strong></h2>

<p>Every time an explosion occurred on the comet, its coma took an irregular shape with a "dark lane" which made it appear to have grown a pair of horns. On November 14, the comet had another major eruption, which was the most extreme outburst till now.<br />
<br />
Astronomers watched as the comet became more than 100 times brighter than normal for some days after its coma expanded, reported Spaceweather.com. However, this time they could not see its distinctive horns.<br />
<br />
"The coma seems perfectly circular this time," said Nick James, director of the British Astronomical Association's (BAA) comet section, while speaking to Spaceweather.com.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;SpaceX launches 22 Starlink satellites into orbit, launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base&nbsp;</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/spacex-launches-22-starlink-satellites-into-orbit-launched-from-vandenberg-space-force-base-wion-661028/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>Speaking to Live Science, BAA astronomer Richard Miles said that the comet's horns appeared because of an irregularity in the shape of 12P's nucleus. The outflowing gas will be partially obstructed by a notch which is sticking out on the nucleus, he added.<br />
<br />
Amateur astronomer and photographer Eliot Herman, who has been capturing the comet since the first eruption took place, was surprised to see the coma expanding without the appearance of horns.</p>

<p>He told Live Science he is unsure if another appearance will be made by them in the future.</p>

<p>"The devil may be gone [for good]," he said.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


A massive volcanic eruption on 'Devil Comet', as it races towards Earth and might make its closest approach next year, is likely to have removed its distinctive 'horns' that earned it the sinister nickname.

A massive volcanic eruption on 'Devil Comet', as it races towards Earth and might make its closest approach next year, is likely to have removed its distinctive 'horns' that earned it the sinister nickname. After the latest and most violent outburst last week, the comet's trademark head spikes were not seen as they did after earlier eruptions. However, astronomers noticed many new characteristics in the Devil Comet, which included a mysterious "shadow” and a rare green hue. The massive 10.5-mile-wide (17-kilometre) 'Devil Comet', scientific name 12P/Pons-Brooks (12P), has been hurtling towards Earth and will make its closest approach of more than 70 years next summer. Comet 12P is cryovolcanic, meaning it has an icy shell, or nucleus filled with gas and ice. After the comet absorbs enough radiation from the sun, its cryomagma or frosty innards get superheated. The pressure increases inside the nucleus till the shell cracks and the icy guts of the comet spray into space. Also read: Will 'Devil Comet' hurtling towards Earth bring devastation? Here's what scientists suggest After every eruption, the comet's dust and a fuzzy, reflective cloud of cryomagma expand and make it appear brighter to astronomers. Till now, the comet had three major eruptions. One took place on July 20 when it was seen exploding for the first time in 69 years and the other explosion happened on October 5 when the eruption was more vigorous; and the third on Halloween (October 31) which was a comparatively less intense outburst. Why do horns appear on the comet and will they appear in future? Every time an explosion occurred on the comet, its coma took an irregular shape with a "dark lane" which made it appear to have grown a pair of horns. On November 14, the comet had another major eruption, which was the most extreme outburst till now. Astronomers watched as the comet became more than 100 times brighter than normal for some days after its coma expanded, reported Spaceweather.com. However, this time they could not see its distinctive horns. "The coma seems perfectly circular this time," said Nick James, director of the British Astronomical Association's (BAA) comet section, while speaking to Spaceweather.com. Watch: SpaceX launches 22 Starlink satellites into orbit, launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base Speaking to Live Science, BAA astronomer Richard Miles said that the comet's horns appeared because of an irregularity in the shape of 12P's nucleus. The outflowing gas will be partially obstructed by a notch which is sticking out on the nucleus, he added. Amateur astronomer and photographer Eliot Herman, who has been capturing the comet since the first eruption took place, was surprised to see the coma expanding without the appearance of horns. He told Live Science he is unsure if another appearance will be made by them in the future. "The devil may be gone [for good]," he said. (With inputs from agencies)

'Devil Comet' heading towards Earth loses its iconic horns and turns green after explosion

Every continent has seen extreme weather occurrences, including the most recent "unbearable" hot in Brazil, historically high sea temperatures, and alarming lows in Antarctic sea ice.

Global warming set to reach way beyond goal set by Paris agreement | World News | WION

<p>Trust NASA to send stunning pictures of the cosmos our way. There are tonnes of images that are simply wow and the trickle doesn't appear to slow down as the space agency points its lenses towards the space and brings&nbsp;us images from even distant corners.</p>

<p>Among the latest ones that have mesmerised the people&nbsp;is an image of the only planet we call home. And it's just not any pic. This image captures Earth's 'airglow' with the moon shining just above. The image was captured just last week, on November 14 from the ISS (International Space Station).</p>

<p>NASA has posted the image from its Instagram handle.</p>

<p>"A view of Earth from the space station during orbital night. The Moon is above earth nearly centered above the surface. An airglow outlines the atmosphere above the Earth's surface in a yellow shade. Lights from cities dot Earth's surface – among them, a concentration of lights near the horizon identifies the city of Chicago, while the concentration of lights closer to the bottom left identifies Denver," wrote NASA.</p>

<p>The agency explains what exactly is an 'airglow' -&nbsp;Atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere get energised due to sunlight, and as they shed their excess energy, it leads to an airglow.</p>

<p><strong>Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/cosmic-vine-scientists-discover-enormous-cosmic-structure-hosting-20-galaxies-660417">‘Cosmic Vine’: Scientists discover enormous structure hosting 20 galaxies</a></strong></p>

<p>So are airglow and auroras the same? Not quite.</p>

<p>Auroras are formed when charged particles emitted by the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field.</p>

<p><strong>Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-mysterious-phenomenon-is-changing-the-earths-core-heres-how-660689">A mysterious phenomenon is changing the Earth's core. Here's how</a></strong></p>

<p>"Studying airflow gives us a peek into the upper atmosphere's temperature, density, and composition, but it also helps us trace how particles move through the region itself. Vast, high-altitude winds sweep through the ionosphere, pushing its contents around the globe — and airglow's subtle dance follows their lead, highlighting global patterns," says NASA.</p>

<p>The image has got more than 700,000 likes and Instagram users have expressed their opinions (ALL positive) in the comments below the post.</p>


Trust NASA to send stunning pictures of the cosmos our way. There are tonnes of images that are simply wow and the trickle doesn't appear to slow down as the space agency points its lenses towards the space and brings us images from even distant corners.

Trust NASA to send stunning pictures of the cosmos our way. There are tonnes of images that are simply wow and the trickle doesn't appear to slow down as the space agency points its lenses towards the space and brings us images from even distant corners. Among the latest ones that have mesmerised the people is an image of the only planet we call home. And it's just not any pic. This image captures Earth's 'airglow' with the moon shining just above. The image was captured just last week, on November 14 from the ISS (International Space Station). NASA has posted the image from its Instagram handle. "A view of Earth from the space station during orbital night. The Moon is above earth nearly centered above the surface. An airglow outlines the atmosphere above the Earth's surface in a yellow shade. Lights from cities dot Earth's surface – among them, a concentration of lights near the horizon identifies the city of Chicago, while the concentration of lights closer to the bottom left identifies Denver," wrote NASA. The agency explains what exactly is an 'airglow' - Atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere get energised due to sunlight, and as they shed their excess energy, it leads to an airglow. Also Read | ‘Cosmic Vine’: Scientists discover enormous structure hosting 20 galaxies So are airglow and auroras the same? Not quite. Auroras are formed when charged particles emitted by the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field. Also Read | A mysterious phenomenon is changing the Earth's core. Here's how "Studying airflow gives us a peek into the upper atmosphere's temperature, density, and composition, but it also helps us trace how particles move through the region itself. Vast, high-altitude winds sweep through the ionosphere, pushing its contents around the globe — and airglow's subtle dance follows their lead, highlighting global patterns," says NASA. The image has got more than 700,000 likes and Instagram users have expressed their opinions (ALL positive) in the comments below the post.

NASA posts beautiful picture of Earth's 'airglow'

<p><meta name="uuid" content="uuidrxH3wIoMbuWV" /><meta charset="utf-8" /></p>

<p>Earth passed an internationally agreed-upon global warming threshold on Friday, raising concerns about climate change, its catastrophic consequences, and the efforts to limit it.</p>

<p>Although the planet crossed the ideal threshold&nbsp;only briefly, it can have disastrous outcomes for nature and humankind. According to the preliminary data, global temperatures increased more than two degrees Celsius from the period when humans first started burning fossil fuels and emitting planet-warning greenhouse gases. However, this does not imply that the measures taken to decrease global warming have failed.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"I think, while we should not read too much into a single day above 2 degrees Celsius (or 1.5 degrees Celsius for that matter), it's a startling sign nonetheless of the level of extreme global temperatures we are experiencing in 2023,” Zeke Hausfather, a climate scientist with Stripe and Berkeley Earth, told The Washington Post.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/children-develop-behavioural-issues-if-mothers-experience-high-stress-during-pregnancy-study-660254" target="_blank">Children develop behavioural issues if mothers experience high stress during pregnancy: Study</a></p>

<p>Scientists would consider the average global temperature breached only when it would surpass the two-degree benchmark for months and years.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, the ominous milestone is another alarming sign that climate change is heading in a dangerous direction.</p>

<p>If the global average temperature consistently exceeds the ideal threshold for extended periods, we may soon experience the hazardous impacts of global warming that scientists have been warning us about.</p>

<p>Everyday variations around global temperature standards, which have slowly ascended for decades, pushed the planet over the hazardous barrier for the first time on Friday. After months of record warmth that have stunned many scientists, temperatures have continued to rise, defying expectations.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;</strong><a href="www.wionews.com/science/james-webb-telescopes-observations-show-ice-covered-pebbles-delivering-water-to-young-planets-660391" target="_blank">James Webb telescope's observations show ice-covered pebbles delivering water to young planets</a></p>

<p>Dr Samantha Burgess, the deputy director of the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service, posted on social media platform X that Friday's global temperatures were 1.17 degrees Celsius above the 1991-2020 average, a record-setting margin. Given how much human-caused warming had occurred by that period, he wrote in the post, "Our best estimate is that this was the first day when global temperature was more than two degrees Celsius above 1850-1900 (or pre-industrial) levels, at 2.06°C."</p>

<p>The European model used to determine global warmth estimates climate conditions in real-time using the same observations as weather predictions. Scientists will soon be able to confirm the record warmth through direct observations that they will gather and vet in the coming weeks.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

<p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe></p>


Earth passed an internationally agreed-upon global warming threshold on Friday, raising concerns about climate change, its catastrophic consequences, and the efforts to limit it.

Earth passed an internationally agreed-upon global warming threshold on Friday, raising concerns about climate change, its catastrophic consequences, and the efforts to limit it. Although the planet crossed the ideal threshold only briefly, it can have disastrous outcomes for nature and humankind. According to the preliminary data, global temperatures increased more than two degrees Celsius from the period when humans first started burning fossil fuels and emitting planet-warning greenhouse gases. However, this does not imply that the measures taken to decrease global warming have failed. "I think, while we should not read too much into a single day above 2 degrees Celsius (or 1.5 degrees Celsius for that matter), it's a startling sign nonetheless of the level of extreme global temperatures we are experiencing in 2023,” Zeke Hausfather, a climate scientist with Stripe and Berkeley Earth, told The Washington Post. ALSO READ | Children develop behavioural issues if mothers experience high stress during pregnancy: Study Scientists would consider the average global temperature breached only when it would surpass the two-degree benchmark for months and years. However, the ominous milestone is another alarming sign that climate change is heading in a dangerous direction. If the global average temperature consistently exceeds the ideal threshold for extended periods, we may soon experience the hazardous impacts of global warming that scientists have been warning us about. Everyday variations around global temperature standards, which have slowly ascended for decades, pushed the planet over the hazardous barrier for the first time on Friday. After months of record warmth that have stunned many scientists, temperatures have continued to rise, defying expectations. ALSO READ | James Webb telescope's observations show ice-covered pebbles delivering water to young planets Dr Samantha Burgess, the deputy director of the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service, posted on social media platform X that Friday's global temperatures were 1.17 degrees Celsius above the 1991-2020 average, a record-setting margin. Given how much human-caused warming had occurred by that period, he wrote in the post, "Our best estimate is that this was the first day when global temperature was more than two degrees Celsius above 1850-1900 (or pre-industrial) levels, at 2.06°C." The European model used to determine global warmth estimates climate conditions in real-time using the same observations as weather predictions. Scientists will soon be able to confirm the record warmth through direct observations that they will gather and vet in the coming weeks. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Concerns about limiting climate change grow after Earth breaches global warming threshold

<p>Recent research delves into the intricate relationship between Earth's surface water and the outermost layer of its metallic liquid core. According to this research,&nbsp;water transported through tectonic plate subduction zones over billions of years reaches the lower mantle, instigating a significant chemical reaction upon reaching the core-mantle boundary, situated 2,900 kilometres&nbsp;beneath the surface.</p>

<p>This chemical interplay results in the creation of a top core layer enriched in hydrogen, while simultaneously dispatching silica to the lower mantle. Contrary to prior beliefs, the study posits a more extensive material exchange between the core and mantle.</p>

<p>Understanding this process is pivotal, given that the outer core's composition, predominantly iron and nickel, plays a pivotal role in generating Earth's magnetic field. This field acts as a shield, safeguarding the planet from solar winds and radiation.</p>

<p>The findings challenge conventional wisdom, indicating that material exchange between the core and mantle is more dynamic than previously assumed.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"For years, it has been believed that material exchange between Earth's core and mantle is small,"&nbsp;materials scientist Dan Shim from Arizona State University told Science Alert.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Yet, our recent high-pressure experiments reveal a different story. We found that when water reaches the core-mantle boundary, it reacts with silicon in the core, forming silica," he added.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/real-life-jurassic-world-may-exist-on-other-planets-and-humans-may-detect-them-study-660668">Also read |&nbsp;Dinosaurs might be alive, new study finds, just on some other planet</a></p>

<h2><strong>What's the mystery of 'E Prime' layer?</strong></h2>

<p>The study proposes that prolonged chemical exchanges between the core and mantle contribute to the formation of the elusive 'E prime' layer, a phenomenon identified but unexplained at the core-mantle boundary.</p>

<p>Laser-heated diamond-anvil cells were employed to simulate the rigorous conditions at the core-mantle boundary. These experiments demonstrated that subducted water undergoes a transformative chemical reaction with core materials, morphing the outer core into a hydrogen-rich film and dispersing silica crystals to the mantle.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/james-webb-telescopes-observations-show-ice-covered-pebbles-delivering-water-to-young-planets-660391">Also read |&nbsp;James Webb telescope's observations show ice-covered pebbles delivering water to young planets</a></p>

<p>The altered core film results in a less dense and slower seismic speed layer at the core's apex, aligning with seismic wave observations. This revelation challenges preconceived notions and deepens our comprehension of Earth's internal dynamics.</p>

<p>The study's findings suggest a more intricate global water cycle than previously envisioned. The potential repercussions of the altered core film on the deep water cycle highlight the interconnected nature of Earth's internal processes.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>


Recent research delves into the intricate relationship between Earth's surface water and the outermost layer of its metallic liquid core. According to this research, water transported through tectonic plate subduction zones over billions of years reaches the lower mantle, instigating a significant chemical reaction upon reaching the core-mantle boundary, situated 2,900 kilometres beneath the surface.

Recent research delves into the intricate relationship between Earth's surface water and the outermost layer of its metallic liquid core. According to this research, water transported through tectonic plate subduction zones over billions of years reaches the lower mantle, instigating a significant chemical reaction upon reaching the core-mantle boundary, situated 2,900 kilometres beneath the surface. This chemical interplay results in the creation of a top core layer enriched in hydrogen, while simultaneously dispatching silica to the lower mantle. Contrary to prior beliefs, the study posits a more extensive material exchange between the core and mantle. Understanding this process is pivotal, given that the outer core's composition, predominantly iron and nickel, plays a pivotal role in generating Earth's magnetic field. This field acts as a shield, safeguarding the planet from solar winds and radiation. The findings challenge conventional wisdom, indicating that material exchange between the core and mantle is more dynamic than previously assumed. "For years, it has been believed that material exchange between Earth's core and mantle is small," materials scientist Dan Shim from Arizona State University told Science Alert. "Yet, our recent high-pressure experiments reveal a different story. We found that when water reaches the core-mantle boundary, it reacts with silicon in the core, forming silica," he added. Also read | Dinosaurs might be alive, new study finds, just on some other planet What's the mystery of 'E Prime' layer? The study proposes that prolonged chemical exchanges between the core and mantle contribute to the formation of the elusive 'E prime' layer, a phenomenon identified but unexplained at the core-mantle boundary. Laser-heated diamond-anvil cells were employed to simulate the rigorous conditions at the core-mantle boundary. These experiments demonstrated that subducted water undergoes a transformative chemical reaction with core materials, morphing the outer core into a hydrogen-rich film and dispersing silica crystals to the mantle. Also read | James Webb telescope's observations show ice-covered pebbles delivering water to young planets The altered core film results in a less dense and slower seismic speed layer at the core's apex, aligning with seismic wave observations. This revelation challenges preconceived notions and deepens our comprehension of Earth's internal dynamics. The study's findings suggest a more intricate global water cycle than previously envisioned. The potential repercussions of the altered core film on the deep water cycle highlight the interconnected nature of Earth's internal processes. (With inputs from agencies)

A mysterious phenomenon is changing the Earth's core. Here's how

<p>NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has observed an elaborate cosmic supply chain consisting of ice-covered pebbles which are apparently drifting inward from the outer Solar System, the latest study revealed. It is delivering water to still-forming planets closer to their stars, which was a long-proposed theory of planet formation.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Scientists are still baffled as to the origin of Earth's water. There are several ideas, including the theory that our water came from comets and asteroids that collided with Earth. There are several hypotheses with detailed scientific analysis on how Earth got its water.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, the Webb telescope has made a significant contribution to planetary science with its findings linked to planet creation theory.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The evidence so far was masked by thick veils of dust in immature solar systems. However, the latest observations by the Webb telescope are significant.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earth-without-oxygen-this-is-when-our-planet-will-lose-an-oxygen-rich-atmosphere-660107">Earth without oxygen? This is when our planet will lose an oxygen-rich atmosphere</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>Ice-covered pebbles from outer solar systems convey water to planets that are still developing closer to their stars. The findings were published on Nov 8 in a new paper in the journal The Astrophysical Journal Letters. The paper is titled "JWST Reveals Excess Cool Water near the Snow Line in Compact Disks, Consistent with Pebble Drift". &nbsp;</p>

<p>As quoted by Universe Today, Andrea Banzatti, who is an assistant professor of physics at Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, is the lead author, said: "Webb finally revealed the connection between water vapour in the inner disk and the drift of icy pebbles from the outer disk. This finding opens up exciting prospects for studying rocky planet formation with Webb!"&nbsp;</p>

<p>To carry out the study, Banzatti and his colleagues used Webb's MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) to study four young, Sun-like stars only two or three million years old and surrounded by protoplanetary disks.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mars-vanishes-in-rare-celestial-event-will-come-back-after-2-weeks-660104">Mars vanishes in rare celestial event, will come back shining after 2 weeks</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>Two of them were compact discs ranging in size from 10 to 20 AU, and the other two were extended discs ranging in size from 100 to 150 AU. The expanded discs also contain significant radial gaps.&nbsp;</p>

<p>According to the pebble drift theory, compact discs convey frozen pebbles more efficiently into the inner solar system, well within Neptune's orbit in our Solar System. Extended discs, on the other hand, are less efficient at it, according to the notion.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The powerful Medium-Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) on the James Webb collaborates with MIRI. The MRS can distinguish between cool and warm water, which is essential for unravelling the convoluted picture in protoplanetary discs. The MRS statistics suggested that compact discs contain more cool water than extended discs.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The authors of the study said that they interpret the cool water emission as ice sublimation and vapour diffusion near the snow line, suggesting that there is indeed a higher inward mass flux of icy pebbles in compact disks.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Observation of this process opens up multiple exciting prospects to study planet formation chemistry in inner disks with JWST," the article read.&nbsp;</p>


NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has observed an elaborate cosmic supply chain consisting of ice-covered pebbles which are apparently drifting inward from the outer Solar System, the latest study revealed.

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has observed an elaborate cosmic supply chain consisting of ice-covered pebbles which are apparently drifting inward from the outer Solar System, the latest study revealed. It is delivering water to still-forming planets closer to their stars, which was a long-proposed theory of planet formation. Scientists are still baffled as to the origin of Earth's water. There are several ideas, including the theory that our water came from comets and asteroids that collided with Earth. There are several hypotheses with detailed scientific analysis on how Earth got its water. However, the Webb telescope has made a significant contribution to planetary science with its findings linked to planet creation theory. The evidence so far was masked by thick veils of dust in immature solar systems. However, the latest observations by the Webb telescope are significant. Also read: Earth without oxygen? This is when our planet will lose an oxygen-rich atmosphere Ice-covered pebbles from outer solar systems convey water to planets that are still developing closer to their stars. The findings were published on Nov 8 in a new paper in the journal The Astrophysical Journal Letters. The paper is titled "JWST Reveals Excess Cool Water near the Snow Line in Compact Disks, Consistent with Pebble Drift". As quoted by Universe Today, Andrea Banzatti, who is an assistant professor of physics at Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, is the lead author, said: "Webb finally revealed the connection between water vapour in the inner disk and the drift of icy pebbles from the outer disk. This finding opens up exciting prospects for studying rocky planet formation with Webb!" To carry out the study, Banzatti and his colleagues used Webb's MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) to study four young, Sun-like stars only two or three million years old and surrounded by protoplanetary disks. Also read: Mars vanishes in rare celestial event, will come back shining after 2 weeks Two of them were compact discs ranging in size from 10 to 20 AU, and the other two were extended discs ranging in size from 100 to 150 AU. The expanded discs also contain significant radial gaps. According to the pebble drift theory, compact discs convey frozen pebbles more efficiently into the inner solar system, well within Neptune's orbit in our Solar System. Extended discs, on the other hand, are less efficient at it, according to the notion. The powerful Medium-Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) on the James Webb collaborates with MIRI. The MRS can distinguish between cool and warm water, which is essential for unravelling the convoluted picture in protoplanetary discs. The MRS statistics suggested that compact discs contain more cool water than extended discs. The authors of the study said that they interpret the cool water emission as ice sublimation and vapour diffusion near the snow line, suggesting that there is indeed a higher inward mass flux of icy pebbles in compact disks. "Observation of this process opens up multiple exciting prospects to study planet formation chemistry in inner disks with JWST," the article read.

James Webb telescope's observations show ice-covered pebbles delivering water to young planets

<p>With oxygen – the elixir of life - being omnipresent on Earth, it is impossible to imagine our world and life without it.<br />
<br />
The life-sustaining gas in today's time constitutes nearly 21 per cent of the atmosphere of Earth and plays an important role in the survival of many species. However, the oxygen was not always present on Earth from the beginning.<br />
<br />
When the planet came into existence nearly 4.5 billion years ago, the conditions on Earth were extremely different. Water vapour, methane and carbon dioxide were dominant in the atmosphere of the Earth.</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-closest-known-earth-sized-world-only-22-light-years-away-659867">Scientists discover closest known Earth-sized world only 22 light-years away</a></p>

<p>And now scientists have predicted that the atmosphere of Earth in future will go back to the one that is low in oxygen.<br />
<br />
A study, which was published in Nature, described the scenario when it will take place. However, such a scenario is likely to occur billion years away, however, when the change occurs, it will occur fairly rapidly.</p>

<h2><strong>Earth to go back to its birth state</strong></h2>

<p>The study stated that the shift will take back Earth to the kind of state it was in before which was called as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) nearly 2.4 billion years ago, stated the study.<br />
<br />
The research has been in discussion as scientists are trying to find habitable planets outside the Solar System. It stated that atmospheric oxygen is not likely to be a permanent feature of all habitable worlds.<br />
<br />
"The drop in oxygen is very, very extreme. We're talking around a million times less oxygen than there is today," stated Chris Reinhard, from the Georgia Institute of Technology, while speaking to New Scientist.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;Remains of an ancient planet lie deep within earth</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/remains-of-an-ancient-planet-lie-deep-within-earth-654586/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>Scientists, who gave predictions regarding the doomsday scenario, stated, "The model projects that a deoxygenation of the atmosphere, with atmospheric O2 dropping sharply to levels reminiscent of the Archaean Earth, will most probably be triggered before the inception of moist greenhouse conditions in Earth's climate system and before the extensive loss of surface water from the atmosphere."<br />
<br />
Detailed models of the atmosphere of the Earth were created by the researchers and changes in the Sun's brightness and the corresponding drop in the levels of carbon dioxide was analysed.<br />
<br />
Less carbon dioxide means there are fewer photosynthesising organisms such as plants, which eventually results in less oxygen.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;</em></p>


With oxygen – the elixir of life - being omnipresent on Earth, it is impossible to imagine our world and life without it. The life-sustaining gas in today's time constitutes nearly 21 per cent of the atmosphere of Earth and plays an important role in the survival of many species.

With oxygen – the elixir of life - being omnipresent on Earth, it is impossible to imagine our world and life without it. The life-sustaining gas in today's time constitutes nearly 21 per cent of the atmosphere of Earth and plays an important role in the survival of many species. However, the oxygen was not always present on Earth from the beginning. When the planet came into existence nearly 4.5 billion years ago, the conditions on Earth were extremely different. Water vapour, methane and carbon dioxide were dominant in the atmosphere of the Earth. Also read: Scientists discover closest known Earth-sized world only 22 light-years away And now scientists have predicted that the atmosphere of Earth in future will go back to the one that is low in oxygen. A study, which was published in Nature, described the scenario when it will take place. However, such a scenario is likely to occur billion years away, however, when the change occurs, it will occur fairly rapidly. Earth to go back to its birth state The study stated that the shift will take back Earth to the kind of state it was in before which was called as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) nearly 2.4 billion years ago, stated the study. The research has been in discussion as scientists are trying to find habitable planets outside the Solar System. It stated that atmospheric oxygen is not likely to be a permanent feature of all habitable worlds. "The drop in oxygen is very, very extreme. We're talking around a million times less oxygen than there is today," stated Chris Reinhard, from the Georgia Institute of Technology, while speaking to New Scientist. Watch: Remains of an ancient planet lie deep within earth Scientists, who gave predictions regarding the doomsday scenario, stated, "The model projects that a deoxygenation of the atmosphere, with atmospheric O2 dropping sharply to levels reminiscent of the Archaean Earth, will most probably be triggered before the inception of moist greenhouse conditions in Earth's climate system and before the extensive loss of surface water from the atmosphere." Detailed models of the atmosphere of the Earth were created by the researchers and changes in the Sun's brightness and the corresponding drop in the levels of carbon dioxide was analysed. Less carbon dioxide means there are fewer photosynthesising organisms such as plants, which eventually results in less oxygen. (With inputs from agencies)

Earth without oxygen? This is when our planet will lose an oxygen-rich atmosphere

<p><meta name="uuid" content="uuidkTA7ejjpU78m" /><meta charset="utf-8" /></p>

<p>A tool bag, which was dropped accidentally by astronauts during a space walk at the International Space Station (ISS), is now orbiting around us, and is even visible to the naked eye.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said in a blog post earlier that its astronauts, Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral O'Hara, were replacing parts of the ISS station when the tool bag was "inadvertently lost". NASA said that the tool bag was even visible to the flight controllers, who spotted it using external station cameras.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Mission Control analyzed the bag's trajectory and determined that risk of recontacting the station is low and that the onboard crew and space station are safe with no action required," the blog added.&nbsp;</p>

<p>NASA said that the bag is circling the planet in low-Earth orbit and is not a threat to the space station. The tool bag has been labeled: 1998-067WC/58229.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Where is it right now?</strong>&nbsp;</h2>

<p>European Space Agency astronaut Meganne Christian shared the video on a social media platform, stating that the bag was last spotted by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Satoshi Furukawa.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Christian posted the video when the tool bag was seen floating away during the Nov 1 spacewalk.&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Last seen by <a href="https://twitter.com/Astro_Satoshi?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Astro_Satoshi</a> while floating over Mount Fuji 🗻 the 'Orbital Police' can confirm that the lost EVA gear is being tracked 🫡 <a href="https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM">https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM</a> <a href="https://t.co/eksfu9fPFw">pic.twitter.com/eksfu9fPFw</a></p>
— Dr Meganne Christian (@astro_meganne) <a href="https://twitter.com/astro_meganne/status/1721297966999236802?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 5, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<h2><strong>Have you seen it recently?&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>N2YO, which tracks satellites and space stations in real time, is following the bag. As per its data, the bag was flying just above Japan and over the Pacific Ocean as of Wednesday morning. However, it is moving very fast.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Several social media users shared images, claiming to have located it.&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Astronauts Jasmine Moghbeli and Loral O'Gara lost their tool bag during a spacewalk from the ISS. It is now orbiting the Earth, Space reports.<br />
<br />
It cannot be seen with the naked eye, but can be seen with binoculars.<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NASA?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NASA</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Space</a> <a href="https://t.co/tOr7aKMeJq">pic.twitter.com/tOr7aKMeJq</a></p>
— WBC Defenders (@WBCdefenders) <a href="https://twitter.com/WBCdefenders/status/1723251410865946695?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 11, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="https://twitter.com/AstroJaws?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@AstroJaws</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/lunarloral?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@lunarloral</a>: here it is the tool bag floating in space, spotted on 15 Nov. 2023 through our robotic telescopes in Italy.<br />
👜🛰️✨🌎🔭<br />
👉More: <a href="https://t.co/ORs9DeL9W3">https://t.co/ORs9DeL9W3</a> <a href="https://t.co/aUakukmWKj">pic.twitter.com/aUakukmWKj</a></p>
— Virtual Telescope (@VirtualTelescop) <a href="https://twitter.com/VirtualTelescop/status/1725448697377357906?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 17, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wagnertonight?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#wagnertonight</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/maddow?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#maddow</a><br />
Science break.<br />
A telescope image from Nov. 16, 2023 shows a lost tool bag (center) from the International Space Station, after it slipped away during a Nov. 1 spacewalk. <a href="https://t.co/3z9XTJsUcb">pic.twitter.com/3z9XTJsUcb</a></p>
— Firecaptain and Jack (@Firecaptain16) <a href="https://twitter.com/Firecaptain16/status/1725705082769920277?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 18, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>Skywatchers are hoping to see the tool bag in orbit. It may be visible on a clear night and can be picked up with binoculars.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The tool bag will most likely be visible for a few months before its orbit decreases and it falls towards Earth.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Reports have mentioned that the bag will&nbsp;burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere, similar to other small objects in low-Earth orbit, such as discarded rocket pieces and small satellites.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Massive issue with space junk</strong>&nbsp;</h2>

<p>Space junk is any piece of machinery or debris left by humans in space. It refers to dead satellites that have failed or been left in orbit at the end of their mission. Space debris is an example of a "tragedy of the commons," in which several interests have access to a common resource, and it may become depleted and unusable to all because no interest can prevent another from overexploiting the resource.&nbsp;</p>


A tool bag, which was dropped accidentally by astronauts during a space walk at the International Space Station (ISS), is now orbiting around us, and is even visible to the naked eye.

A tool bag, which was dropped accidentally by astronauts during a space walk at the International Space Station (ISS), is now orbiting around us, and is even visible to the naked eye. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said in a blog post earlier that its astronauts, Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral O'Hara, were replacing parts of the ISS station when the tool bag was "inadvertently lost". NASA said that the tool bag was even visible to the flight controllers, who spotted it using external station cameras. "Mission Control analyzed the bag's trajectory and determined that risk of recontacting the station is low and that the onboard crew and space station are safe with no action required," the blog added. NASA said that the bag is circling the planet in low-Earth orbit and is not a threat to the space station. The tool bag has been labeled: 1998-067WC/58229. Where is it right now? European Space Agency astronaut Meganne Christian shared the video on a social media platform, stating that the bag was last spotted by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Satoshi Furukawa. Christian posted the video when the tool bag was seen floating away during the Nov 1 spacewalk. Last seen by @Astro_Satoshi while floating over Mount Fuji 🗻 the 'Orbital Police' can confirm that the lost EVA gear is being tracked 🫡 https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM pic.twitter.com/eksfu9fPFw — Dr Meganne Christian (@astro_meganne) November 5, 2023 × Have you seen it recently? N2YO, which tracks satellites and space stations in real time, is following the bag. As per its data, the bag was flying just above Japan and over the Pacific Ocean as of Wednesday morning. However, it is moving very fast. Several social media users shared images, claiming to have located it. Astronauts Jasmine Moghbeli and Loral O'Gara lost their tool bag during a spacewalk from the ISS. It is now orbiting the Earth, Space reports. It cannot be seen with the naked eye, but can be seen with binoculars.#NASA #Space pic.twitter.com/tOr7aKMeJq — WBC Defenders (@WBCdefenders) November 11, 2023 × @AstroJaws and @lunarloral: here it is the tool bag floating in space, spotted on 15 Nov. 2023 through our robotic telescopes in Italy. 👜🛰️✨🌎🔭 👉More: https://t.co/ORs9DeL9W3 pic.twitter.com/aUakukmWKj — Virtual Telescope (@VirtualTelescop) November 17, 2023 × #wagnertonight#maddow Science break. A telescope image from Nov. 16, 2023 shows a lost tool bag (center) from the International Space Station, after it slipped away during a Nov. 1 spacewalk. pic.twitter.com/3z9XTJsUcb — Firecaptain and Jack (@Firecaptain16) November 18, 2023 × Skywatchers are hoping to see the tool bag in orbit. It may be visible on a clear night and can be picked up with binoculars. The tool bag will most likely be visible for a few months before its orbit decreases and it falls towards Earth. Reports have mentioned that the bag will burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere, similar to other small objects in low-Earth orbit, such as discarded rocket pieces and small satellites. Massive issue with space junk Space junk is any piece of machinery or debris left by humans in space. It refers to dead satellites that have failed or been left in orbit at the end of their mission. Space debris is an example of a "tragedy of the commons," in which several interests have access to a common resource, and it may become depleted and unusable to all because no interest can prevent another from overexploiting the resource.

Tool bag from space ends up orbiting around Earth? See where it is

<p>Scientists have warned that the ice sheets in the world have been melting at a faster pace than estimated, and the climate ambitions of the world need to be reconstructed to avoid any catastrophic increase in sea levels.<br />
<br />
The report was published on Thursday (Nov 16) by the International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI), a network of policy experts and researchers. They appealed the world leaders to pay attention to their warnings when they gather to attend the United Nations’ COP28 climate conference later this month.<br />
<br />
The report stated that if global average temperatures reach 2 degrees Celsius beyond the preindustrial baseline, Earth can see more than 40 feet of sea-level rise – a melt which will take centuries and reshape societies across the world.</p>

<p><strong>Also read:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/researchers-believe-the-collapse-of-west-antarctic-ice-sheet-is-preventable-report-658865">Researchers believe the collapse of West Antarctic ice sheet is preventable: Report</a></p>

<p>In the climate science community, the collapse of ice shelves and ice sheets has been a major point of uncertainty.</p>

<p>However, the new research suggests that dangerous tipping points are closer than expected, and there is less room in the carbon budget of the Earth.<br />
<br />
“We might be reaching these temperature thresholds that we’ve been talking about for a long time sooner than we were thinking about years ago,” stated Rob DeConto, the director of the University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Earth &amp; Sustainability and an author of the report.<br />
<br />
“And it may be that the thresholds for some of these processes that can drive really rapid ice loss are lower than we were thinking just a few years ago,” he added, as reported by NBC News.</p>

<h2><strong>People will be forced to escape coastal communities: Scientists</strong></h2>

<p>If there is no dramatic change in the speed of climate action, such factors can leave humanity “facing rates of sea-level rise way outside the range of adaptability,” DeConto stated.<br />
<br />
In the report, the scientists emphasised that an increase in global temperatures of 2 degrees Celsius will force many people to escape coastal communities.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;Global warming: Polar seas could suffer acidification</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/global-warming-polar-seas-could-suffer-acidification-659637/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>“We’re displacing millions of people with the decisions being made now,” stated report author Julie Brigham-Grette, who is a geosciences professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.<br />
<br />
The report has recorded the contributions of more than 60 scientists. Many of these scientists are experts in their specialities, and some were involved in past reports for the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is the leading body that assesses the climate crisis in the world.<br />
<br />
“Many ice sheet scientists now believe that by 2°C, nearly all of Greenland, much of West Antarctica, and even vulnerable portions of East Antarctica will be triggered to very long-term, inexorable sea-level rise, even if air temperatures later decrease,” the new ICCI report stated.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;</em></p>


Scientists have warned that the ice sheets in the world have been melting at a faster pace than estimated, and the climate ambitions of the world need to be reconstructed to avoid any catastrophic increase in sea levels.

Scientists have warned that the ice sheets in the world have been melting at a faster pace than estimated, and the climate ambitions of the world need to be reconstructed to avoid any catastrophic increase in sea levels. The report was published on Thursday (Nov 16) by the International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI), a network of policy experts and researchers. They appealed the world leaders to pay attention to their warnings when they gather to attend the United Nations’ COP28 climate conference later this month. The report stated that if global average temperatures reach 2 degrees Celsius beyond the preindustrial baseline, Earth can see more than 40 feet of sea-level rise – a melt which will take centuries and reshape societies across the world. Also read: Researchers believe the collapse of West Antarctic ice sheet is preventable: Report In the climate science community, the collapse of ice shelves and ice sheets has been a major point of uncertainty. However, the new research suggests that dangerous tipping points are closer than expected, and there is less room in the carbon budget of the Earth. “We might be reaching these temperature thresholds that we’ve been talking about for a long time sooner than we were thinking about years ago,” stated Rob DeConto, the director of the University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Earth & Sustainability and an author of the report. “And it may be that the thresholds for some of these processes that can drive really rapid ice loss are lower than we were thinking just a few years ago,” he added, as reported by NBC News. People will be forced to escape coastal communities: Scientists If there is no dramatic change in the speed of climate action, such factors can leave humanity “facing rates of sea-level rise way outside the range of adaptability,” DeConto stated. In the report, the scientists emphasised that an increase in global temperatures of 2 degrees Celsius will force many people to escape coastal communities. Watch: Global warming: Polar seas could suffer acidification “We’re displacing millions of people with the decisions being made now,” stated report author Julie Brigham-Grette, who is a geosciences professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The report has recorded the contributions of more than 60 scientists. Many of these scientists are experts in their specialities, and some were involved in past reports for the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is the leading body that assesses the climate crisis in the world. “Many ice sheet scientists now believe that by 2°C, nearly all of Greenland, much of West Antarctica, and even vulnerable portions of East Antarctica will be triggered to very long-term, inexorable sea-level rise, even if air temperatures later decrease,” the new ICCI report stated. (With inputs from agencies)

At global average temperature of 2 degrees, Earth likely to see disastrous 40 feet of sea level rise

Supernova are one of the universe's most cataclysmic events. If a planet is too close, it will be sterilised, even destroyed. When massive stars run out of nuclear fuel in their core, they produce x-rays and blast waves of fast particles that would render a planet like Earth uninhabitable. Watch this story to know how a star exploded 1.9 billion light-years away and our ozone layer took the hit.

Supernova's explosive end, destroyed parts of Ozone layer | Science News

<p>In a major breakthrough, scientists have recreated a chemical reaction which may have led to the creation of complex, self-replicating structures which eventually developed into living things on Earth.<br />
<br />
As per one school of thought, before the DNA-based life's current era, there was a type of molecule known as RNA (or ribonucleic acid). RNA, which has continued to remain a crucial component of life till today, has the potential of replicating itself and catalysing other chemical reactions.<br />
<br />
However, RNA molecules are made from smaller components known as ribonucleotides. Scientists have been trying to find out how these building blocks came into existence early on Earth and then combined into RNA.<br />
<br />
A chain of reactions is being recreated by the chemists which is needed to form RNA that leads to the emergence of life.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-solve-puzzle-of-origin-of-life-says-bouncing-comets-may-carry-seed-of-life-658866">Scientists solve puzzle of origin of life, says 'bouncing' comets may carry 'seed of life'</a></p>

<p>Speaking about recreating the chain of reactions, PhD Candidate in Prebiotic Chemistry, UNSW Sydney Quoc Phuong Tran said, “We know whatever chemical reaction created ribonucleotides must have been able to happen in the messy, complicated environment found on our planet billions of years ago.”</p>

<h2><strong>Autocatalytic reactions and their part in creating life</strong></h2>

<p>“I have been studying whether "autocatalytic" reactions may have played a part. These are reactions that produce chemicals that encourage the same reaction to happen again, which means they can sustain themselves in a wide range of circumstances,” he added.<br />
<br />
These comments of Phuong Tran were published in an article in The Conversation.<br />
<br />
“In our latest work, my colleagues and I have integrated autocatalysis into a well-known chemical pathway for producing the ribonucleotide building blocks, which could have plausibly happened with the simple molecules and complex conditions found on the early Earth,” the chemist stated.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH |&nbsp;Earthquakes from 1800s are triggering aftershocks: Scientists</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/earthquakes-from-1800s-are-triggering-aftershocks-scientists-658903/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>Emphasising the importance of autocatalytic reactions, he stated that they play important roles in biology which can vary from regulating our heartbeats to creating patterns on seashells.<br />
<br />
“In fact, the replication of life itself, where one cell takes in nutrients and energy from the environment to produce two cells, is a particularly complicated example of autocatalysis. In our study, we tried adding another simple molecule called cyanamide to the formose reaction. This makes it possible for some of the molecules made during the reaction to be "siphoned off" to produce ribonucleotides,” he stated.<br />
<br />
<em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


In a major breakthrough, scientists have recreated a chemical reaction which may have led to the creation of complex, self-replicating structures which eventually developed into living things on Earth.

In a major breakthrough, scientists have recreated a chemical reaction which may have led to the creation of complex, self-replicating structures which eventually developed into living things on Earth. As per one school of thought, before the DNA-based life's current era, there was a type of molecule known as RNA (or ribonucleic acid). RNA, which has continued to remain a crucial component of life till today, has the potential of replicating itself and catalysing other chemical reactions. However, RNA molecules are made from smaller components known as ribonucleotides. Scientists have been trying to find out how these building blocks came into existence early on Earth and then combined into RNA. A chain of reactions is being recreated by the chemists which is needed to form RNA that leads to the emergence of life. ALSO READ | Scientists solve puzzle of origin of life, says 'bouncing' comets may carry 'seed of life' Speaking about recreating the chain of reactions, PhD Candidate in Prebiotic Chemistry, UNSW Sydney Quoc Phuong Tran said, “We know whatever chemical reaction created ribonucleotides must have been able to happen in the messy, complicated environment found on our planet billions of years ago.” Autocatalytic reactions and their part in creating life “I have been studying whether "autocatalytic" reactions may have played a part. These are reactions that produce chemicals that encourage the same reaction to happen again, which means they can sustain themselves in a wide range of circumstances,” he added. These comments of Phuong Tran were published in an article in The Conversation. “In our latest work, my colleagues and I have integrated autocatalysis into a well-known chemical pathway for producing the ribonucleotide building blocks, which could have plausibly happened with the simple molecules and complex conditions found on the early Earth,” the chemist stated. WATCH | Earthquakes from 1800s are triggering aftershocks: Scientists Emphasising the importance of autocatalytic reactions, he stated that they play important roles in biology which can vary from regulating our heartbeats to creating patterns on seashells. “In fact, the replication of life itself, where one cell takes in nutrients and energy from the environment to produce two cells, is a particularly complicated example of autocatalysis. In our study, we tried adding another simple molecule called cyanamide to the formose reaction. This makes it possible for some of the molecules made during the reaction to be "siphoned off" to produce ribonucleotides,” he stated. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists recreate a chemical reaction which may have sprung life on Earth

What if a Supernova exploded close to earth?

<p>How life began on Earth is a question that has kept scientists curious for centuries. There are theories that claim life started because the meteors brought life-sustaining materials&nbsp;to Earth. Other theories claim life emerged due to a wave of volcanic eruptions which&nbsp;occurred 4.5 billion years ago.</p>

<p>Amid these hypotheses, a new study has now claimed that the oldest continents in our Milky Way galaxy may have emerged five billion years before Earth's.&nbsp;The study, thereby, has given rise to the speculation that there could be multiple worlds in the Milky Way housing alien life.</p>

<p>The study was published in the journal&nbsp;Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society.</p>

<h2><strong>What did the researchers find?</strong></h2>

<p>Jane Greaves, the Cardiff University astronomer who carried out the study, found that two exoplanets' continents may have come four to five billion years before the Earth's.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earth-was-more-charming-for-aliens-when-dinosaurs-existed-657525">Earth was more charming for aliens when dinosaurs existed, suggests study</a></strong></p>

<p>"If life on another planet had a five-billion-year head start, it could potentially host life more evolved than us," Greaves wrote in the study.</p>

<h2><strong>How was the study conducted?</strong></h2>

<p>Continents on Earth were formed due to movement of tectonic plates. This occurs because the rocks of the tectonic plates floats over the molten magma. The molten magma remains in that state because of the heat from radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium.</p>

<p>Cardiff University's Greaves analysed levels of uranium present in nearby stars. She then combined the data with the ages of stars measured from the Gaia satellite.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;Aliens in Mexico? Sensational claim on aliens</strong></p>

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<p>She then configured the timeframe that the analysed stars were in when they became hot enough for the first emergence of tectonic plates there. Greaves discovered that the first continents were formed near Sun-like stars a few billion years before Earth's tectonic plates first emerged.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>What does it mean?</strong></h2>

<p>The study on potentially habitable planets is important for space missions of the future.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Greaves expects that her work will be a stepping stone for future work that will analyse more such planets.</p>


How life began on Earth is a question that has kept scientists curious for centuries. There are theories that claim life started because the meteors brought life-sustaining materials to Earth.

How life began on Earth is a question that has kept scientists curious for centuries. There are theories that claim life started because the meteors brought life-sustaining materials to Earth. Other theories claim life emerged due to a wave of volcanic eruptions which occurred 4.5 billion years ago. Amid these hypotheses, a new study has now claimed that the oldest continents in our Milky Way galaxy may have emerged five billion years before Earth's. The study, thereby, has given rise to the speculation that there could be multiple worlds in the Milky Way housing alien life. The study was published in the journal Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. What did the researchers find? Jane Greaves, the Cardiff University astronomer who carried out the study, found that two exoplanets' continents may have come four to five billion years before the Earth's. Also read | Earth was more charming for aliens when dinosaurs existed, suggests study "If life on another planet had a five-billion-year head start, it could potentially host life more evolved than us," Greaves wrote in the study. How was the study conducted? Continents on Earth were formed due to movement of tectonic plates. This occurs because the rocks of the tectonic plates floats over the molten magma. The molten magma remains in that state because of the heat from radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium. Cardiff University's Greaves analysed levels of uranium present in nearby stars. She then combined the data with the ages of stars measured from the Gaia satellite. Also watch | Aliens in Mexico? Sensational claim on aliens × She then configured the timeframe that the analysed stars were in when they became hot enough for the first emergence of tectonic plates there. Greaves discovered that the first continents were formed near Sun-like stars a few billion years before Earth's tectonic plates first emerged. What does it mean? The study on potentially habitable planets is important for space missions of the future. Greaves expects that her work will be a stepping stone for future work that will analyse more such planets.

Two exoplanets in the Milky Way had continents 5 billion years before Earth did

<p>A new study has found that a 1-in-10,000-year radiation burst from space was so powerful that it shook the Earth's upper atmosphere last year. The Earth's atmosphere, whose ionisation stability is critical to the evolution and survival of life, is subjected to the effects of cosmic explosions that produce high-energy gamma-ray bursts (GRB).&nbsp;</p>

<p>The study, published in the journal Nature Communications on Tuesday (Nov 14), said that the long-lasting GRB of light was likely from a newborn black hole which was billions of light-years away.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The burst has been named GRB 221009A and the study, titled "Evidence of an upper ionospheric electric field perturbation correlated with a gamma-ray burst", said that burst is more commonly called the Brightest Of All Time (Boat).&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-isro-nasa-satellite-nisar-gets-a-feel-of-space-in-bengaluru-658925">ISRO-NASA satellite 'NISAR' gets a feel of space in Bengaluru</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>GRB 221009A broke records when it struck Earth last year on Oct 9, coming from around 2.4 billion light-years from our planet. As per the study, the light blazing with up to 18 teraelectronvolts of energy in said to be the brightest space explosion ever recorded.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The researchers, including those from the University of L'Aquila in Italy, said that the large variations in the electric field of the Earth's upper ionosphere could be a result of the powerful GRB. The large variations in the electric field of the ionosphere are said to be at an altitude of some 500km.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-calls-out-space-enthusiasts-to-get-their-names-added-to-its-europa-clipper-658893">NASA invites space enthusiasts to get their names added to its Europa Clipper</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>As quoted by Science Alert, a team led by astrophysicist Mirko Piersanti of the University of L'Aquila and the National Institute of Astrophysics in Italy, said: "In this work, we present the evidence of variation of the ionospheric electric field at about 500 kilometres induced by the strong gamma-ray burst [that] occurred on October 9th, 2022."&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Using both satellite observations and a new ad hoc developed analytical model, we prove that the GRB 221009A deeply impacted the Earth's ionospheric conductivity, causing a strong perturbation not only in the bottom-side ionosphere but also in the top-side ionosphere (at around 500 kilometres)," it added.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>What is gamma radiation?</strong>&nbsp;</h2>

<p>The gamma radiation is the most energetic component of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is followed by X-radiation. Gamma-ray photons have a billion to a trillion times the energy of visible photons and are emitted by highly energetic events.&nbsp;</p>


A new study has found that a 1-in-10,000-year radiation burst from space was so powerful that it shook the Earth's upper atmosphere last year. The Earth's atmosphere, whose ionisation stability is critical to the evolution and survival of life, is subjected to the effects of cosmic explosions that produce high-energy gamma-ray bursts (GRB).

A new study has found that a 1-in-10,000-year radiation burst from space was so powerful that it shook the Earth's upper atmosphere last year. The Earth's atmosphere, whose ionisation stability is critical to the evolution and survival of life, is subjected to the effects of cosmic explosions that produce high-energy gamma-ray bursts (GRB). The study, published in the journal Nature Communications on Tuesday (Nov 14), said that the long-lasting GRB of light was likely from a newborn black hole which was billions of light-years away. The burst has been named GRB 221009A and the study, titled "Evidence of an upper ionospheric electric field perturbation correlated with a gamma-ray burst", said that burst is more commonly called the Brightest Of All Time (Boat). Also read: ISRO-NASA satellite 'NISAR' gets a feel of space in Bengaluru GRB 221009A broke records when it struck Earth last year on Oct 9, coming from around 2.4 billion light-years from our planet. As per the study, the light blazing with up to 18 teraelectronvolts of energy in said to be the brightest space explosion ever recorded. The researchers, including those from the University of L'Aquila in Italy, said that the large variations in the electric field of the Earth's upper ionosphere could be a result of the powerful GRB. The large variations in the electric field of the ionosphere are said to be at an altitude of some 500km. Also read: NASA invites space enthusiasts to get their names added to its Europa Clipper As quoted by Science Alert, a team led by astrophysicist Mirko Piersanti of the University of L'Aquila and the National Institute of Astrophysics in Italy, said: "In this work, we present the evidence of variation of the ionospheric electric field at about 500 kilometres induced by the strong gamma-ray burst [that] occurred on October 9th, 2022." "Using both satellite observations and a new ad hoc developed analytical model, we prove that the GRB 221009A deeply impacted the Earth's ionospheric conductivity, causing a strong perturbation not only in the bottom-side ionosphere but also in the top-side ionosphere (at around 500 kilometres)," it added. What is gamma radiation? The gamma radiation is the most energetic component of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is followed by X-radiation. Gamma-ray photons have a billion to a trillion times the energy of visible photons and are emitted by highly energetic events.

A 1-in-10,000-year radiation burst was so powerful that it shook Earth's upper atmosphere

<p>In a mind-baffling discovery, scientists have found that a supernova explosion billions of light-years away was so powerful that it 'temporarily destroyed' some of the Earth’s Ozone layer in 2022.<br />
<br />
On October 9, 2022, the telescopes captured a jet of high energy photons which were moving towards Earth. This was evidence of the explosion of a supernova which was 1.9 billion light-years away.<br />
<br />
Such astronomical events are called gamma-ray bursts and the astronomers who have studied them thoroughly called them the “brightest of all time”.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/for-the-first-time-an-ai-system-discovers-supernova-without-human-intervention-647734">For the first time, an AI system discovers supernova without human intervention</a></p>

<p>In the latest discovery, it was found that this burst led to a measurable change in the number of ionized particles which were found in the upper atmosphere of the Earth, which included ozone molecules that readily absorb harmful solar radiation.<br />
<br />
“The ozone was partially depleted — was destroyed temporarily,” stated Pietro Ubertini, who is an astronomer at the National Institute of Astrophysics in Rome, which worked towards the discovery of the atmospheric event.<br />
<br />
The effect could be seen for some minutes before the ozone layer quickly repaired itself, so it was “nothing serious,” stated Dr Ubertini. However, he added that if a supernova occurred closer to us, then “it would be a catastrophe”.<br />
<br />
The discovery, which was reported on Tuesday (Nov 14) and was published in the journal Nature Communications, showed how explosions which occurred far from our solar system have the capability to influence the atmosphere which can be used as a giant detector to find an extreme cosmic phenomena.</p>

<h2><strong>Gamma rays can damage the Ozone layer for days or months</strong></h2>

<p>It is known that gamma-ray bursts ionize molecules at the bottom of the ionosphere. However, this is the first time scientists proved that the entire ionosphere can be affected by such cosmic explosions, as per Laura Hayes, a solar physicist at the European Space Agency, as reported by The New York Times.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH |&nbsp;European Space Agency released first images taken by Euclid's telescope</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/european-space-agency-released-first-images-taken-by-euclids-telescope-656604/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>Dr Hayes stated that it is uncommon for faraway cosmic phenomena to create such massive atmospheric disturbances. “Fortunately for us, this gamma-ray burst was extremely distant, making its effects more of a scientific curiosity than a threat,” she added.<br />
<br />
As per Dr Ubertini, if the gamma-ray burst is a million times larger, it can ionise enough ozone, weakening the protective barrier for days or months.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


In a mind-baffling discovery, scientists have found that a supernova explosion billions of light-years away was so powerful that it 'temporarily destroyed' some of the Earth’s Ozone layer in 2022.

In a mind-baffling discovery, scientists have found that a supernova explosion billions of light-years away was so powerful that it 'temporarily destroyed' some of the Earth’s Ozone layer in 2022. On October 9, 2022, the telescopes captured a jet of high energy photons which were moving towards Earth. This was evidence of the explosion of a supernova which was 1.9 billion light-years away. Such astronomical events are called gamma-ray bursts and the astronomers who have studied them thoroughly called them the “brightest of all time”. ALSO READ | For the first time, an AI system discovers supernova without human intervention In the latest discovery, it was found that this burst led to a measurable change in the number of ionized particles which were found in the upper atmosphere of the Earth, which included ozone molecules that readily absorb harmful solar radiation. “The ozone was partially depleted — was destroyed temporarily,” stated Pietro Ubertini, who is an astronomer at the National Institute of Astrophysics in Rome, which worked towards the discovery of the atmospheric event. The effect could be seen for some minutes before the ozone layer quickly repaired itself, so it was “nothing serious,” stated Dr Ubertini. However, he added that if a supernova occurred closer to us, then “it would be a catastrophe”. The discovery, which was reported on Tuesday (Nov 14) and was published in the journal Nature Communications, showed how explosions which occurred far from our solar system have the capability to influence the atmosphere which can be used as a giant detector to find an extreme cosmic phenomena. Gamma rays can damage the Ozone layer for days or months It is known that gamma-ray bursts ionize molecules at the bottom of the ionosphere. However, this is the first time scientists proved that the entire ionosphere can be affected by such cosmic explosions, as per Laura Hayes, a solar physicist at the European Space Agency, as reported by The New York Times. WATCH | European Space Agency released first images taken by Euclid's telescope Dr Hayes stated that it is uncommon for faraway cosmic phenomena to create such massive atmospheric disturbances. “Fortunately for us, this gamma-ray burst was extremely distant, making its effects more of a scientific curiosity than a threat,” she added. As per Dr Ubertini, if the gamma-ray burst is a million times larger, it can ionise enough ozone, weakening the protective barrier for days or months. (With inputs from agencies)

A star exploded 1.9 billion light-years away and our Ozone layer took the hit

<p>An asteroid, as big as an aeroplane, is hurtling towards Earth at a breakneck speed of 34,727 kilometres per hour and NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) is tracking this space rock.<br />
<br />
The asteroid is set to make its closest approach to Earth on November 9 when it passes at a distance of 2.4 million kilometres from the surface of the Earth.</p>

<h2><strong>Is the asteroid hazardous for Earth?</strong></h2>

<p>As per NASA, the asteroid's size is not big enough to be marked as a Potentially Hazardous Object. A celestial object which is at least 492 feet wide and passes at a distance less than 7.5 million kilometres from Earth is considered a Potentially Hazardous Object.<br />
<br />
However, Asteroid 2023 VC is only 91 feet wide which makes it as big as an aeroplane. But, even an aeroplane-sized asteroid can have a potential impact on Earth.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/alien-worlds-nasas-telescope-hunts-down-8-super-earths-to-solve-cosmic-puzzle-656913">Alien worlds: NASA's telescope hunts down 8 'super-Earths' to solve cosmic puzzle</a></p>

<p>The asteroid is part of the Apollo group of Near-Earth Asteroids, which are a type of Earth-crossing space rocks and have semi-major axes which are larger in comparison to that of Earth. The asteroids, which belong to this group, have been named after the humongous 1862 Apollo asteroid, which was found in the 1930s by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth.<br />
<br />
This will be the first-ever close approach of Asteroid 2023 VC towards our planet in history. According to data collected by NASA, the asteroid is not likely to pass across any planet in the near future.</p>

<h2><strong>NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory tracks asteroid's orbit</strong></h2>

<p>The asteroid's orbit is being tracked by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and its characteristics are being studied by them as part of their near-Earth object programme.<br />
<br />
Similar to other asteroids, Asteroid 2023 VC has also been formed through a process&nbsp;called “accretion”.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH |&nbsp;Cosmic journey: Space balloons &amp; space station visit part of the tour</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/cosmic-journey-space-balloons-space-station-visit-part-of-the-tour-636823/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>The process involves&nbsp;dust specks and tiny particles colliding with each other and sticking together because of gravity in a protoplanetary disc and eventually taking the form of larger bodies like asteroids.<br />
<br />
Near-Earth objects (NEOs) like Asteroid 2023 VC are closely monitored by NASA and other space agencies to ensure they do not threaten our planet.<br />
<br />
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOs) use different methods to detect and monitor such objects, like using the Sentry system, comparing different images, funding related projects and conducting telescopic search efforts.<br />
<br />
<em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


An asteroid, as big as an aeroplane, is hurtling towards Earth at a breakneck speed of 34,727 kilometres per hour and NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) is tracking this space rock.

An asteroid, as big as an aeroplane, is hurtling towards Earth at a breakneck speed of 34,727 kilometres per hour and NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) is tracking this space rock. The asteroid is set to make its closest approach to Earth on November 9 when it passes at a distance of 2.4 million kilometres from the surface of the Earth. Is the asteroid hazardous for Earth? As per NASA, the asteroid's size is not big enough to be marked as a Potentially Hazardous Object. A celestial object which is at least 492 feet wide and passes at a distance less than 7.5 million kilometres from Earth is considered a Potentially Hazardous Object. However, Asteroid 2023 VC is only 91 feet wide which makes it as big as an aeroplane. But, even an aeroplane-sized asteroid can have a potential impact on Earth. ALSO READ | Alien worlds: NASA's telescope hunts down 8 'super-Earths' to solve cosmic puzzle The asteroid is part of the Apollo group of Near-Earth Asteroids, which are a type of Earth-crossing space rocks and have semi-major axes which are larger in comparison to that of Earth. The asteroids, which belong to this group, have been named after the humongous 1862 Apollo asteroid, which was found in the 1930s by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth. This will be the first-ever close approach of Asteroid 2023 VC towards our planet in history. According to data collected by NASA, the asteroid is not likely to pass across any planet in the near future. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory tracks asteroid's orbit The asteroid's orbit is being tracked by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and its characteristics are being studied by them as part of their near-Earth object programme. Similar to other asteroids, Asteroid 2023 VC has also been formed through a process called “accretion”. WATCH | Cosmic journey: Space balloons & space station visit part of the tour The process involves dust specks and tiny particles colliding with each other and sticking together because of gravity in a protoplanetary disc and eventually taking the form of larger bodies like asteroids. Near-Earth objects (NEOs) like Asteroid 2023 VC are closely monitored by NASA and other space agencies to ensure they do not threaten our planet. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOs) use different methods to detect and monitor such objects, like using the Sentry system, comparing different images, funding related projects and conducting telescopic search efforts. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA tracks an aeroplane-sized asteroid hurtling towards Earth

<p>To err is human, and astronauts are no different.</p>

<p>On November 2, when NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral O’Hara were conducting repairs on the International Space Station’s (ISS) solar panels, they accidentally let&nbsp;a tool bag slip away.</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Last seen by <a href="https://twitter.com/Astro_Satoshi?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Astro_Satoshi</a> while floating over Mount Fuji 🗻 the 'Orbital Police' can confirm that the lost EVA gear is being tracked 🫡 <a href="https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM">https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM</a> <a href="https://t.co/eksfu9fPFw">pic.twitter.com/eksfu9fPFw</a></p>
— Dr Meganne Christian (@astro_meganne) <a href="https://twitter.com/astro_meganne/status/1721297966999236802?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 5, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>Now, it is orbiting Earth, and some sky observers might actually spot it using binoculars at around magnitude +6.</p>

<h2><strong>What happened?</strong></h2>

<p>While spacewalkers were conducting repairs on the solar panel unit, they inadvertently lost one tool bag. Later, the bag was spotted using external station cameras.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Fortunately, the tool bag was no longer required in the repair operation. Later, NASA scientists predicted the bag’s trajectory and concluded that it posed no risk to the ISS or the onboard crew.</p>

<h2><strong>What will happen to the tool bag?</strong></h2>

<p>The tool bag is expected to orbit around Earth for a few months, during which it will continue to descend until 70 miles or 113 kilometres.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;Cosmic journey: Space balloons &amp; space station visit part of the tour</strong></p>

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<p>After reaching there, it will start to disintegrate in Earth’s atmosphere.</p>

<h2><strong>Can people on Earth see the tool bag?</strong></h2>

<p>Observers who can see the ISS can also spot the tool bag, extremely bright for its size, hovering near the space station.</p>

<p>They should scan the sky just ahead of the space station, using binoculars, for the next few weeks.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/beam-me-up-scotty-scientists-to-use-sci-fi-beam-to-get-rid-of-real-space-junk-655715"><strong>Also read:&nbsp;`Beam me up, Scotty`: Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk</strong></a></p>

<p>As the small object gradually loses height, it should appear a few seconds ahead of the ISS.</p>

<h2><strong>Previous such instances</strong></h2>

<p>Interestingly, on November 18, 2008, astronauts lost a similar repair kit during an operation outside the ISS.</p>

<p>It was visible from Earth even months later, just ahead of the ISS. Astronauts have lost several such items previously as well which are now part of the junkyard in near-Earth orbit.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


To err is human, and astronauts are no different. On November 2, when NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral O’Hara were conducting repairs on the International Space Station’s (ISS) solar panels, they accidentally let a tool bag slip away.

To err is human, and astronauts are no different. On November 2, when NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral O’Hara were conducting repairs on the International Space Station’s (ISS) solar panels, they accidentally let a tool bag slip away. Last seen by @Astro_Satoshi while floating over Mount Fuji 🗻 the 'Orbital Police' can confirm that the lost EVA gear is being tracked 🫡 https://t.co/wz4MITmAfM pic.twitter.com/eksfu9fPFw — Dr Meganne Christian (@astro_meganne) November 5, 2023 × Now, it is orbiting Earth, and some sky observers might actually spot it using binoculars at around magnitude +6. What happened? While spacewalkers were conducting repairs on the solar panel unit, they inadvertently lost one tool bag. Later, the bag was spotted using external station cameras. Fortunately, the tool bag was no longer required in the repair operation. Later, NASA scientists predicted the bag’s trajectory and concluded that it posed no risk to the ISS or the onboard crew. What will happen to the tool bag? The tool bag is expected to orbit around Earth for a few months, during which it will continue to descend until 70 miles or 113 kilometres. Watch: Cosmic journey: Space balloons & space station visit part of the tour × After reaching there, it will start to disintegrate in Earth’s atmosphere. Can people on Earth see the tool bag? Observers who can see the ISS can also spot the tool bag, extremely bright for its size, hovering near the space station. They should scan the sky just ahead of the space station, using binoculars, for the next few weeks. Also read: `Beam me up, Scotty`: Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk As the small object gradually loses height, it should appear a few seconds ahead of the ISS. Previous such instances Interestingly, on November 18, 2008, astronauts lost a similar repair kit during an operation outside the ISS. It was visible from Earth even months later, just ahead of the ISS. Astronauts have lost several such items previously as well which are now part of the junkyard in near-Earth orbit. (With inputs from agencies)

Watch: Astronauts accidentally let a tool bag slip away in space. Now it is orbiting Earth

<p>Sometimes, big rocks from space, called meteorites, hit our Earth. Some of these meteorites are actually parts of an old explosion that happened on our neighbouring planet&nbsp;Mars.</p>

<p>Scientists wanted to know how old these Martian meteorites are. And now they have reportedly solved this puzzle using a special, research-oriented nuclear reactor.&nbsp;</p>

<p>They found out that most of these meteorites are not very old, only a few hundred million years. They think these rocks came from recent volcanic activity on Mars, especially from the biggest volcano in our whole solar system, called Olympus Mons.</p>

<h2><strong>Argon-argon method</strong></h2>

<p>A scientist named Dr. Ben Cohen, along with a team from the University of Glasgow, the Natural History Museum, the University of Edinburgh, and some researchers in the US, worked very hard to figure out the exact age of these Martian meteorites. They used a special method called 'argon-argon' to measure the age.</p>

<p>"We know from certain chemical characteristics that these meteorites are definitely from Mars," explained Dr. Cohen.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;NASA Mars sample return mission</strong></p>

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<p>They put small pieces of seven Martian meteorites into the nuclear reactor to check the argon levels. They also considered the argon the rocks might have picked up in space and made sure they didn't get mixed with Earth's air.</p>

<p>"Once we did that, the argon-argon ages came out as being young and matched perfectly with other methods, like Uranium-Lead," said Dr. Cohen.</p>

<h2><strong>How come the Martian rocks are so young?</strong></h2>

<p>But here's a bit of a puzzle: Mars is very old, like three to four billion years old. But these meteorites are much younger, only a few hundred million years old.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/european-space-agency-shares-stunning-visualisation-of-mars-labyrinth-of-night-watch-here-647379"><strong>Also read:&nbsp;This stunning visualisation of Mars` gigantic `Labyrinth of Night` will blow your mind</strong></a></p>

<p>Dr. Cohen thinks that Mars gets hit by rocks often, and this creates a layer of crumbly rock on its surface. So, newer rocks keep coming up because of volcanoes. This means that with each new hit, older rocks are less likely to get sent into space.</p>

<p>This research helps us understand more about our solar system's history and is useful for missions to Mars, like the Perseverance rover, Curiosity rover, and ExoMars.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Sometimes, big rocks from space, called meteorites, hit our Earth. Some of these meteorites are actually parts of an old explosion that happened on our neighbouring planet Mars.

Sometimes, big rocks from space, called meteorites, hit our Earth. Some of these meteorites are actually parts of an old explosion that happened on our neighbouring planet Mars. Scientists wanted to know how old these Martian meteorites are. And now they have reportedly solved this puzzle using a special, research-oriented nuclear reactor. They found out that most of these meteorites are not very old, only a few hundred million years. They think these rocks came from recent volcanic activity on Mars, especially from the biggest volcano in our whole solar system, called Olympus Mons. Argon-argon method A scientist named Dr. Ben Cohen, along with a team from the University of Glasgow, the Natural History Museum, the University of Edinburgh, and some researchers in the US, worked very hard to figure out the exact age of these Martian meteorites. They used a special method called 'argon-argon' to measure the age. "We know from certain chemical characteristics that these meteorites are definitely from Mars," explained Dr. Cohen. Watch: NASA Mars sample return mission × They put small pieces of seven Martian meteorites into the nuclear reactor to check the argon levels. They also considered the argon the rocks might have picked up in space and made sure they didn't get mixed with Earth's air. "Once we did that, the argon-argon ages came out as being young and matched perfectly with other methods, like Uranium-Lead," said Dr. Cohen. How come the Martian rocks are so young? But here's a bit of a puzzle: Mars is very old, like three to four billion years old. But these meteorites are much younger, only a few hundred million years old. Also read: This stunning visualisation of Mars` gigantic `Labyrinth of Night` will blow your mind Dr. Cohen thinks that Mars gets hit by rocks often, and this creates a layer of crumbly rock on its surface. So, newer rocks keep coming up because of volcanoes. This means that with each new hit, older rocks are less likely to get sent into space. This research helps us understand more about our solar system's history and is useful for missions to Mars, like the Perseverance rover, Curiosity rover, and ExoMars. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists put Martian rock that hit Earth in nuclear reactor and solve a tricky puzzle

<p>Our planet is actually shaking, and it is not because of earthquakes. A new study sheds light on how climate change is leading to the generation of seismic waves, similar to the tremors felt during quakes.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The ocean waves apply forces to the sea floor below and generate seismic waves as they rise and fall, said the study, titled "Increasing ocean wave energy observed in Earth's seismic wavefield since the late 20th century". It was published in the journal Nature Communications on Nov 1.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The study said that these seismic waves are so intense and extensive that seismographs, which are used to monitor and analyse earthquakes, detect them as a constant thrum.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-put-martian-rock-that-hit-earth-in-nuclear-reactor-and-solved-tricky-puzzle-656117">Scientists put Martian rock that hit Earth in nuclear reactor and solved tricky puzzle</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>Scientists said in the study that they used data from 52 globally distributed seismographs to analyse the "vertical component primary microseism wavefield" in the 14–20s period between the late 1980s and Aug 2022.&nbsp;</p>

<p>As per the study, the wave signal has been getting more intense in recent decades, which reflects increasingly stormy seas and higher ocean swell.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"This signal is principally composed of Rayleigh waves generated by ocean wave seafloor tractions at less than several hundred meters depth, and is thus a proxy for near-coastal swell activity," the study noted.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/dazzling-geomagnetic-storm-triggered-auroras-over-north-america-europe-pics-inside-656107">Geomagnetic storm triggers auroras over North America, Europe | Pics inside</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>The study reflects how these global statistics, together with other ocean, satellite, and regional seismic studies, demonstrate a decades-long rise in wave energy, which corresponds with increased storminess caused by rising global temperatures.</p>

<p>The study said that microseism intensity was measured at 52 seismograph locations around the world with extended histories of continuous recording dating back to the late 1980s. The authors found that 41 (79%) of these stations saw quite significant and progressive energy increases over the decades.</p>

<p>According to the findings, globally averaged ocean wave energy has increased at a median rate of 0.27% each year since the late twentieth century. However, the global average annual growth in the rate has been 0.35% since 2000.</p>


Our planet is actually shaking, and it is not because of earthquakes. A new study sheds light on how climate change is leading to the generation of seismic waves, similar to the tremors felt during quakes.

Our planet is actually shaking, and it is not because of earthquakes. A new study sheds light on how climate change is leading to the generation of seismic waves, similar to the tremors felt during quakes. The ocean waves apply forces to the sea floor below and generate seismic waves as they rise and fall, said the study, titled "Increasing ocean wave energy observed in Earth's seismic wavefield since the late 20th century". It was published in the journal Nature Communications on Nov 1. The study said that these seismic waves are so intense and extensive that seismographs, which are used to monitor and analyse earthquakes, detect them as a constant thrum. Also read: Scientists put Martian rock that hit Earth in nuclear reactor and solved tricky puzzle Scientists said in the study that they used data from 52 globally distributed seismographs to analyse the "vertical component primary microseism wavefield" in the 14–20s period between the late 1980s and Aug 2022. As per the study, the wave signal has been getting more intense in recent decades, which reflects increasingly stormy seas and higher ocean swell. "This signal is principally composed of Rayleigh waves generated by ocean wave seafloor tractions at less than several hundred meters depth, and is thus a proxy for near-coastal swell activity," the study noted. Also read: Geomagnetic storm triggers auroras over North America, Europe | Pics inside The study reflects how these global statistics, together with other ocean, satellite, and regional seismic studies, demonstrate a decades-long rise in wave energy, which corresponds with increased storminess caused by rising global temperatures. The study said that microseism intensity was measured at 52 seismograph locations around the world with extended histories of continuous recording dating back to the late 1980s. The authors found that 41 (79%) of these stations saw quite significant and progressive energy increases over the decades. According to the findings, globally averaged ocean wave energy has increased at a median rate of 0.27% each year since the late twentieth century. However, the global average annual growth in the rate has been 0.35% since 2000.

Earth is literally shaking. Latest study finds out why exactly

The earth planet is our home but how was it formed scientists have proposed a novel theory that might explain two of the world's enduring mysteries.

Remains of an ancient planet lie deep within earth

<p><meta name="uuid" content="uuidTs79pVTuz9t4" /><meta charset="utf-8" /></p>

<p>Earth is on the cusp of exceeding an internationally agreed-upon point for global warming, according to researchers.</p>

<p>According to the study published on Monday in&nbsp;<em>Nature Climate Change&nbsp;</em>journal, if greenhouse gases continue to increase at the current rate, Earth's temperature might surpass the ideal threshold, causing disastrous consequences in several regions worldwide.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In 2015, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change created the Paris Agreement, an international treaty signed by several countries to mitigate climate change, establishing a 1.5 degrees Celsius global mean temperature rise above pre-industrial levels as the long-term warming limit.</p>

<p>In 2021, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) determined a carbon budget of 500 billion metric tonnes would keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius until mid-2032. But, according to the study, if carbon dioxide emissions remain at the current levels, the remaining carbon budget will be exhausted by early 2029. The most recent analysis brings the threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius three years closer.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-gene-adapted-from-archaic-hominins-may-increase-mental-health-risk-in-modern-humans-says-study-654304" target="_blank">A gene adapted from archaic hominins may increase mental health risk in modern humans, says study</a></p>

<p>Researchers say surpassing the 1.5 degrees Celsius benchmark increases the risk of warming-related catastrophes.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicted that global warming would threaten coral reefs, melt Antarctic ice sheets, increase sea levels, make the ocean more acidic and negatively impact crops.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Rob Jackson, a professor of Earth System Science at Stanford University, told ABC News, "The world will blow past 1.5 degrees Celsius well before today's kindergarteners finish school."</p>

<p>Once the Earth passes the 1.5 degrees Celsius benchmark, the next countdown would be two degrees Celsius of warming, likely to be reached in the 2040s, says the study. It also mentioned that a half-degree rise in warming can lead to even more catastrophic climate-related situations.&nbsp;</p>

<p>If the global mean temperature increases to three degrees Celsius, many places will become unliveable.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Although climate researchers have not predicted a specific time for the surpassing, they have mentioned the intensity of the disastrous impacts it can cause.&nbsp;</p>

<p>While droughts will worsen and last longer, hurricanes will increase in ocean waters. Wildfires will become more common due to the hot climates and drying landscapes. Furthermore, melting ice sheets will flood populated coastal regions.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Extreme weather events in recent years are some consequences of climate change due to global warming. According to a report by the World Meteorological Organization, published in October 2023, global water cycles have become erratic due to warming temperatures. Sea levels continue to rise, and glaciers are rapidly melting.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

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Earth is on the cusp of exceeding an internationally agreed-upon point for global warming, according to researchers. According to the study published on Monday in Nature Climate Change journal, if greenhouse gases continue to increase at the current rate, Earth's temperature might surpass the ideal threshold, causing disastrous consequences in several regions worldwide.

Earth is on the cusp of exceeding an internationally agreed-upon point for global warming, according to researchers. According to the study published on Monday in Nature Climate Change journal, if greenhouse gases continue to increase at the current rate, Earth's temperature might surpass the ideal threshold, causing disastrous consequences in several regions worldwide. In 2015, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change created the Paris Agreement, an international treaty signed by several countries to mitigate climate change, establishing a 1.5 degrees Celsius global mean temperature rise above pre-industrial levels as the long-term warming limit. In 2021, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) determined a carbon budget of 500 billion metric tonnes would keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius until mid-2032. But, according to the study, if carbon dioxide emissions remain at the current levels, the remaining carbon budget will be exhausted by early 2029. The most recent analysis brings the threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius three years closer. ALSO READ | A gene adapted from archaic hominins may increase mental health risk in modern humans, says study Researchers say surpassing the 1.5 degrees Celsius benchmark increases the risk of warming-related catastrophes. In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicted that global warming would threaten coral reefs, melt Antarctic ice sheets, increase sea levels, make the ocean more acidic and negatively impact crops. Rob Jackson, a professor of Earth System Science at Stanford University, told ABC News, "The world will blow past 1.5 degrees Celsius well before today's kindergarteners finish school." Once the Earth passes the 1.5 degrees Celsius benchmark, the next countdown would be two degrees Celsius of warming, likely to be reached in the 2040s, says the study. It also mentioned that a half-degree rise in warming can lead to even more catastrophic climate-related situations. If the global mean temperature increases to three degrees Celsius, many places will become unliveable. Although climate researchers have not predicted a specific time for the surpassing, they have mentioned the intensity of the disastrous impacts it can cause. While droughts will worsen and last longer, hurricanes will increase in ocean waters. Wildfires will become more common due to the hot climates and drying landscapes. Furthermore, melting ice sheets will flood populated coastal regions. Extreme weather events in recent years are some consequences of climate change due to global warming. According to a report by the World Meteorological Organization, published in October 2023, global water cycles have become erratic due to warming temperatures. Sea levels continue to rise, and glaciers are rapidly melting. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

New study paints a scary scenario for when Earth passes the 1.5 degree threshold

<p>The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's.</p>

<p>This novel technique, known as data sonification, takes the digital data collected by space instruments and transforms it into sound, said NASA in its<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/multimedia/sonifications/"> report</a>.</p>

<p>NASA has compiled a captivating playlist of these space sonifications, providing a unique auditory experience that offers a fresh perspective on the universe.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nisar-in-a-first-nasa-and-isro-to-collaboratively-launch-earth-observing-satellite-in-2024-654044">Also read |&nbsp;NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024</a></p>

<h2><strong>NASA's playlist</strong></h2>

<p>From Mercury to Jupiter, NASA's playlist includes eerie sounds captured by the Hubble Space Telescope and other space instruments.</p>

<p>Among these celestial auditory offerings is the haunting resonance of a supermassive black hole, an awe-inspiring sound originating from a location 250 million light years away.</p>

<p>This process of converting light and data into sound is not merely for the sake of creating an auditory spectacle; it serves a crucial scientific purpose.</p>

<p>Data sonification enables scientists to uncover hidden details of the universe that may have otherwise eluded them. For instance, Mars, a planet lacking a robust magnetic field, produces the eerie sounds of its winds as dust devils dance across its dusty terrain.</p>

<p>Jupiter's moons Europa and Ganymede contribute to the cosmic symphony by emitting plasma sounds that resemble robotic blips and bleeps. These intriguing sounds offer valuable insights into the mysterious workings of these celestial bodies.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/guide-for-skygazers-november-night-sky-to-bring-meteor-showers-stunning-views-of-jupiter-and-moon-653961">Also read |&nbsp;Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon</a></p>

<p>Even our home planet has a place in this cosmic orchestra, offering sounds reminiscent of birdsong or the haunting calls of whales. Saturn, with its majestic rings, contributes a soundscape that could easily be the score of a science fiction movie.</p>

<p>NASA explains the process of converting digital data into sound, where elements from the original image, such as brightness and position, are assigned specific pitches and volumes.</p>

<p>This transformation provides a new way to experience and conceptualise astronomical data.&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>


The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's.

The vast expanse of the universe, with its stars, galaxies, planets, comets, and asteroids, is often associated with silence. However, a fascinating aspect of the cosmos is that certain objects within our solar system emit sounds – sounds that are often beyond human hearing but can be captured and translated into audible frequencies using sophisticated space agency tools like NASA's. This novel technique, known as data sonification, takes the digital data collected by space instruments and transforms it into sound, said NASA in its report. NASA has compiled a captivating playlist of these space sonifications, providing a unique auditory experience that offers a fresh perspective on the universe. Also read | NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024 NASA's playlist From Mercury to Jupiter, NASA's playlist includes eerie sounds captured by the Hubble Space Telescope and other space instruments. Among these celestial auditory offerings is the haunting resonance of a supermassive black hole, an awe-inspiring sound originating from a location 250 million light years away. This process of converting light and data into sound is not merely for the sake of creating an auditory spectacle; it serves a crucial scientific purpose. Data sonification enables scientists to uncover hidden details of the universe that may have otherwise eluded them. For instance, Mars, a planet lacking a robust magnetic field, produces the eerie sounds of its winds as dust devils dance across its dusty terrain. Jupiter's moons Europa and Ganymede contribute to the cosmic symphony by emitting plasma sounds that resemble robotic blips and bleeps. These intriguing sounds offer valuable insights into the mysterious workings of these celestial bodies. Also read | Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon Even our home planet has a place in this cosmic orchestra, offering sounds reminiscent of birdsong or the haunting calls of whales. Saturn, with its majestic rings, contributes a soundscape that could easily be the score of a science fiction movie. NASA explains the process of converting digital data into sound, where elements from the original image, such as brightness and position, are assigned specific pitches and volumes. This transformation provides a new way to experience and conceptualise astronomical data.

NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system

<p>Researchers have come up with a theory about the mysterious, dense, continent-sized blobs of material, which are buried deep under Earth's mantle some 2,900 kilometres down.&nbsp;</p>

<p>If this hypothesis is correct or in the right direction, the scientists could solve a mystery that intrigued scientists for more than a decade as this research tells a lot about the two giant blobs buried deep inside Earth's mantle — beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In a study published on Wednesday (Nov 1) in the journal Nature, researchers have said that the blobs may be remnants of a planet which slammed into Earth in the early solar system.&nbsp;</p>

<p>When the so-called planet smacked into the Earth, it produced a shower of debris that formed the Moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-releases-playlist-of-eerie-recordings-from-the-solar-system-654069">NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>The smashing of the planet into Earth is an old theory, as previous studies have mentioned that planet-sized object Theia crashed into&nbsp;Earth around 4.5 billion years ago.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Some of the ejected debris gathered to form the Moon. In a study titled, "Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth’s basal mantle anomalies", researchers from China, the United States, and the United Kingdom have found evidence which suggests that chunks of Theia ended up inside Earth.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The researchers are Dr Qian Yuan at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and Prof Hongping Deng at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, which is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.</p>

<p>Researchers said in the study that the seismic images of Earth's interior have revealed two continent-sized anomalies with low seismic velocities, known as the large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs), in the lowermost mantle.&nbsp;</p>

<p>To carry out the study, the researchers used computer simulations of the giant impact and convection currents inside Earth.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Watch: NASA Mars sample return mission | NASA to work with ESA for bringing Mars samples to Earth&nbsp;</strong></p>

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<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nisar-in-a-first-nasa-and-isro-to-collaboratively-launch-earth-observing-satellite-in-2024-654044">In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>As quoted by Science Alert, Hongping Deng of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "Our findings challenge the traditional notion that the giant impact led to the homogenization of the early Earth."&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Instead, the Moon-forming giant impact appears to be the origin of the early mantle's heterogeneity and marks the starting point for the Earth's geological evolution over the course of 4.5 billion years," Hongping added.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The study noted that the LLVPs are often interpreted as "intrinsically dense heterogeneities" that are "compositionally distinct from the surrounding mantle".&nbsp;</p>

<p>The researchers have shown that LLVPs may represent buried relics of Theia mantle material that was preserved in proto-Earth's mantle after the Moon-forming giant impact.&nbsp;</p>


Researchers have come up with a theory about the mysterious, dense, continent-sized blobs of material, which are buried deep under Earth's mantle some 2,900 kilometres down.

Researchers have come up with a theory about the mysterious, dense, continent-sized blobs of material, which are buried deep under Earth's mantle some 2,900 kilometres down. If this hypothesis is correct or in the right direction, the scientists could solve a mystery that intrigued scientists for more than a decade as this research tells a lot about the two giant blobs buried deep inside Earth's mantle — beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean. In a study published on Wednesday (Nov 1) in the journal Nature, researchers have said that the blobs may be remnants of a planet which slammed into Earth in the early solar system. When the so-called planet smacked into the Earth, it produced a shower of debris that formed the Moon. Also read: NASA releases playlist of eerie recordings from the solar system The smashing of the planet into Earth is an old theory, as previous studies have mentioned that planet-sized object Theia crashed into Earth around 4.5 billion years ago. Some of the ejected debris gathered to form the Moon. In a study titled, "Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth’s basal mantle anomalies", researchers from China, the United States, and the United Kingdom have found evidence which suggests that chunks of Theia ended up inside Earth. The researchers are Dr Qian Yuan at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and Prof Hongping Deng at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, which is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Researchers said in the study that the seismic images of Earth's interior have revealed two continent-sized anomalies with low seismic velocities, known as the large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs), in the lowermost mantle. To carry out the study, the researchers used computer simulations of the giant impact and convection currents inside Earth. Watch: NASA Mars sample return mission | NASA to work with ESA for bringing Mars samples to Earth × Also read: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024 As quoted by Science Alert, Hongping Deng of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "Our findings challenge the traditional notion that the giant impact led to the homogenization of the early Earth." "Instead, the Moon-forming giant impact appears to be the origin of the early mantle's heterogeneity and marks the starting point for the Earth's geological evolution over the course of 4.5 billion years," Hongping added. The study noted that the LLVPs are often interpreted as "intrinsically dense heterogeneities" that are "compositionally distinct from the surrounding mantle". The researchers have shown that LLVPs may represent buried relics of Theia mantle material that was preserved in proto-Earth's mantle after the Moon-forming giant impact.

A planet crashed into Earth 4.5bn yrs ago, and so the moon was born

<p>For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission.</p>

<p>The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).</p>

<p>Set to launch in 2024, NISAR will revolutionise Earth's surveillance by continuously scanning the planet's surface with radar, providing valuable insights into changes over time.</p>

<p>The NISAR satellite will conduct a comprehensive scan of Earth's land and ice surfaces every 12 days, completing two cycles during that time frame.</p>

<p>This remarkable capability is made possible by equipping the satellite with two distinct synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. NASA is responsible for the L-band SAR, while ISRO handles the S-band SAR, utilizing radio waves of shorter wavelengths.</p>

<p>By employing different wavelengths, NISAR aims to deliver a thorough understanding of the planet's evolving landscapes.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/guide-for-skygazers-november-night-sky-to-bring-meteor-showers-stunning-views-of-jupiter-and-moon-653961">Also read |&nbsp;Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon</a></p>

<h2><strong>Unprecedented insights into forests and wetlands</strong></h2>

<p>NISAR's primary focus will be Earth's forests and wetlands, of particular interest to climate scientists.</p>

<p>These ecosystems play a critical role as carbon sinks, sequestering carbon that would otherwise contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.</p>

<p>However, human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and urban expansion encroach upon these vital ecosystems, diminishing their carbon storage potential.</p>

<p>It is estimated that land use changes, including these alterations, account for approximately 11 per cent&nbsp;of global carbon emissions.</p>

<p>The NISAR satellite is scheduled for launch in early 2024 from ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Center in southern India.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-juno-observes-mineral-salts-organic-treasures-on-jupiters-moon-ganymede-653935">Also read |&nbsp;NASA's Juno observes mineral salts, organic treasures on Jupiter’s moon Ganymede</a></p>

<p>This collaborative effort between NASA and ISRO signifies a groundbreaking partnership aimed at advancing our understanding of Earth's changing landscapes and ecosystems.</p>

<p>NISAR's observations will be instrumental in addressing critical environmental challenges and bolstering efforts to mitigate climate change's impact on our planet.<br />
<br />
<em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

For the first time in history, the space agencies of the United States and India have joined forces to develop the hardware for an Earth-observing mission. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, nearing completion, represents a significant collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Set to launch in 2024, NISAR will revolutionise Earth's surveillance by continuously scanning the planet's surface with radar, providing valuable insights into changes over time. The NISAR satellite will conduct a comprehensive scan of Earth's land and ice surfaces every 12 days, completing two cycles during that time frame. This remarkable capability is made possible by equipping the satellite with two distinct synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. NASA is responsible for the L-band SAR, while ISRO handles the S-band SAR, utilizing radio waves of shorter wavelengths. By employing different wavelengths, NISAR aims to deliver a thorough understanding of the planet's evolving landscapes. Also read | Guide for skygazers: November night sky to bring meteor showers, stunning views of Jupiter and Moon Unprecedented insights into forests and wetlands NISAR's primary focus will be Earth's forests and wetlands, of particular interest to climate scientists. These ecosystems play a critical role as carbon sinks, sequestering carbon that would otherwise contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. However, human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and urban expansion encroach upon these vital ecosystems, diminishing their carbon storage potential. It is estimated that land use changes, including these alterations, account for approximately 11 per cent of global carbon emissions. The NISAR satellite is scheduled for launch in early 2024 from ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Center in southern India. Also read | NASA's Juno observes mineral salts, organic treasures on Jupiter’s moon Ganymede This collaborative effort between NASA and ISRO signifies a groundbreaking partnership aimed at advancing our understanding of Earth's changing landscapes and ecosystems. NISAR's observations will be instrumental in addressing critical environmental challenges and bolstering efforts to mitigate climate change's impact on our planet. (With inputs from agencies)

NISAR: In a first, NASA and ISRO to collaboratively launch earth-observing satellite in 2024

<p>Venus, as we know it today, has little resemblance to Earth. But a recent study has revealed that in its youth, Venus&nbsp;likely had some of our planet's features.&nbsp;Currently, Venus' extreme temperatures and sulfuric acid-laden clouds make it a hostile environment.</p>

<p>However, the study published in the journal Nature Astronomy says that in its early days, Venus might have shared Earth-like characteristics that involved plate tectonics.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The research, led by Matthew B. Weller, a planetary scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, indicated that both Earth and Venus likely experienced plate tectonics during a similar time period.</p>

<p>Reports quoting the study said that the geological processes related to plate tectonics might have hidden away a substantial amount of the carbon dioxide responsible for the current scorching conditions on Venus.</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-390-million-year-old-murder-mystery-finally-solved-and-the-culprit-still-exists-651774">A 390 million-year-old murder mystery finally solved and the culprit still exists</a></p>

<h2><strong>Is Venus a potential haven for life?</strong>&nbsp;</h2>

<p>According to Dr. Weller, this information opens up the possibility that billions of years ago, Venus might have been a place where life could have thrived.</p>

<p>The presence of plate tectonics implied that Venus would have been "cooler&nbsp;and then there would have been more liquid water,"&nbsp;Dr. Weller said.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Rather than identifying visible surface features like the San Andreas fault, the researchers focused on the composition of the atmosphere, specifically nitrogen.</p>

<p>When rocky planets such as Earth and Venus form, nitrogen gets trapped in minerals. However, during volcanic eruptions, these minerals melt, breaking chemical bonds and allowing nitrogen to escape into the atmosphere, where it remains.</p>

<p>Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/russia-to-put-first-segment-of-its-own-iss-in-orbit-by-2027-says-putin-651763">Russia to put first segment of its own ISS in orbit by 2027, says Putin</a></p>

<p>Dr. Weller explained that nitrogen serves as a diagnostic tool for deciphering a planet's tectonic history.</p>

<p>To reach their conclusions, Dr. Weller and his colleagues from Brown University and Purdue University employed computer simulations to explore two tectonic models.</p>

<p>The first, known as the "stagnant lid," applies to worlds like Mars and the Earth's moon, where the outer crust forms a solid, immobile shell, trapping most gases beneath it.</p>

<p><strong>Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/malaysia-warns-meta-tiktok-over-allegedly-restricting-content-supporting-palestinians-651793">Malaysia warns Meta, TikTok over allegedly restricting content supporting Palestinians</a></strong></p>

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<p>The second model was about plate tectonics. About 80 per cent of volcanic activity on Earth occurs along mid-oceanic ridges, where tectonic plates spread apart and magma rises.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

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Venus, as we know it today, has little resemblance to Earth. But a recent study has revealed that in its youth, Venus likely had some of our planet's features. Currently, Venus' extreme temperatures and sulfuric acid-laden clouds make it a hostile environment.

Venus, as we know it today, has little resemblance to Earth. But a recent study has revealed that in its youth, Venus likely had some of our planet's features. Currently, Venus' extreme temperatures and sulfuric acid-laden clouds make it a hostile environment. However, the study published in the journal Nature Astronomy says that in its early days, Venus might have shared Earth-like characteristics that involved plate tectonics. The research, led by Matthew B. Weller, a planetary scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, indicated that both Earth and Venus likely experienced plate tectonics during a similar time period. Reports quoting the study said that the geological processes related to plate tectonics might have hidden away a substantial amount of the carbon dioxide responsible for the current scorching conditions on Venus. Also Read | A 390 million-year-old murder mystery finally solved and the culprit still exists Is Venus a potential haven for life? According to Dr. Weller, this information opens up the possibility that billions of years ago, Venus might have been a place where life could have thrived. The presence of plate tectonics implied that Venus would have been "cooler and then there would have been more liquid water," Dr. Weller said. Rather than identifying visible surface features like the San Andreas fault, the researchers focused on the composition of the atmosphere, specifically nitrogen. When rocky planets such as Earth and Venus form, nitrogen gets trapped in minerals. However, during volcanic eruptions, these minerals melt, breaking chemical bonds and allowing nitrogen to escape into the atmosphere, where it remains. Also Read | Russia to put first segment of its own ISS in orbit by 2027, says Putin Dr. Weller explained that nitrogen serves as a diagnostic tool for deciphering a planet's tectonic history. To reach their conclusions, Dr. Weller and his colleagues from Brown University and Purdue University employed computer simulations to explore two tectonic models. The first, known as the "stagnant lid," applies to worlds like Mars and the Earth's moon, where the outer crust forms a solid, immobile shell, trapping most gases beneath it. Watch | Malaysia warns Meta, TikTok over allegedly restricting content supporting Palestinians × The second model was about plate tectonics. About 80 per cent of volcanic activity on Earth occurs along mid-oceanic ridges, where tectonic plates spread apart and magma rises. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. ×

Venus in its youth likely had Earth-like features and probably hosted life: Study

<p>As per the latest study, if two decaying stars get involved in a rare cataclysmic collision in the Milky Way galaxy, it can rip off the protective ozone layer from Earth and lead to the mass extinction of all life forms on the planet.<br />
<br />
Till now, only some similar neutron star collision events, which are known as kilonovas, have been observed by astronomers. If such an explosion occurs in Earth's close proximity, it may turn dangerous for life on Earth, stated scientists, including those who worked at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in the United States.<br />
<br />
The research, which is yet-to-be peer-reviewed, can help determine the possibility of life surviving on other worlds, which are close to these star collision events.<br />
<br />
The biggest threat to the planes from such a collision between stars is the burst of radiation from them, which includes an X-ray afterglow they produce and gamma rays, as per the scientists.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/halleys-comet-set-to-unleash-shooting-stars-for-the-first-time-in-37-years-heres-when-to-watch-648249">Orionid meteor shower is coming this weekend, courtesy Halley's Comet</a></p>

<p>“Ionizing radiation from these sources can be dangerous for life on Earth-like planets when located too close,” stated researchers, in the study. The possibilities of these events and how they will affect Earth were studied by scientists on the basis of an analysis of what we know is the first-ever neutron star collision detected, a stellar event called GW170817.<br />
<br />
The researchers stated that any living thing which is present within the narrow range of around 297 light-years (97 parsecs) of such an explosion faces the possibility of getting burned by powerful gamma radiation.</p>

<h2><strong>Explosion can rip off Earth's&nbsp;stratospheric ozone</strong></h2>

<p>If the Earth was in such a zone, scientists stated that the stratospheric ozone may get stripped from the Earth due to the radiation, which may require some years to recover.<br />
<br />
The scientists said that the x-rays from the afterglow of the kilonova are likely to be more lethal as they are likely to last longer than the gamma-ray emissions, adding that the life-destroying effects will remain within about 16 light years.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH |&nbsp;Gaganyaan: India's first mission to send astronauts to space</strong></p>

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<p>“For baseline kilonova parameters, we find that the X-ray emission from the afterglow may be lethal out to ∼5 pc and the off-axis gamma-ray emission may threaten a range out to ∼4 pc,” noted scientists.<br />
<br />
“The greatest threat comes years after the explosion, from the cosmic rays accelerated by the kilonova blast, which can be lethal out to distances up to ∼ 11 pc,” they stated.<br />
<br />
The study, however, cautioned that the findings have “significant uncertainties” and they will depend on the “viewing angle, ejected mass, and explosion energy”.<br />
<br />
“The rarity of binary neutron star mergers combined with a small range of lethality means that they are probably not important threats to life on Earth. We find that the mean recurrence time of lethal mergers at the location of the Sun is much larger than the age of the Universe,” they stated.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

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As per the latest study, if two decaying stars get involved in a rare cataclysmic collision in the Milky Way galaxy, it can rip off the protective ozone layer from Earth and lead to the mass extinction of all life forms on the planet.

As per the latest study, if two decaying stars get involved in a rare cataclysmic collision in the Milky Way galaxy, it can rip off the protective ozone layer from Earth and lead to the mass extinction of all life forms on the planet. Till now, only some similar neutron star collision events, which are known as kilonovas, have been observed by astronomers. If such an explosion occurs in Earth's close proximity, it may turn dangerous for life on Earth, stated scientists, including those who worked at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in the United States. The research, which is yet-to-be peer-reviewed, can help determine the possibility of life surviving on other worlds, which are close to these star collision events. The biggest threat to the planes from such a collision between stars is the burst of radiation from them, which includes an X-ray afterglow they produce and gamma rays, as per the scientists. ALSO READ | Orionid meteor shower is coming this weekend, courtesy Halley's Comet “Ionizing radiation from these sources can be dangerous for life on Earth-like planets when located too close,” stated researchers, in the study. The possibilities of these events and how they will affect Earth were studied by scientists on the basis of an analysis of what we know is the first-ever neutron star collision detected, a stellar event called GW170817. The researchers stated that any living thing which is present within the narrow range of around 297 light-years (97 parsecs) of such an explosion faces the possibility of getting burned by powerful gamma radiation. Explosion can rip off Earth's stratospheric ozone If the Earth was in such a zone, scientists stated that the stratospheric ozone may get stripped from the Earth due to the radiation, which may require some years to recover. The scientists said that the x-rays from the afterglow of the kilonova are likely to be more lethal as they are likely to last longer than the gamma-ray emissions, adding that the life-destroying effects will remain within about 16 light years. WATCH | Gaganyaan: India's first mission to send astronauts to space “For baseline kilonova parameters, we find that the X-ray emission from the afterglow may be lethal out to ∼5 pc and the off-axis gamma-ray emission may threaten a range out to ∼4 pc,” noted scientists. “The greatest threat comes years after the explosion, from the cosmic rays accelerated by the kilonova blast, which can be lethal out to distances up to ∼ 11 pc,” they stated. The study, however, cautioned that the findings have “significant uncertainties” and they will depend on the “viewing angle, ejected mass, and explosion energy”. “The rarity of binary neutron star mergers combined with a small range of lethality means that they are probably not important threats to life on Earth. We find that the mean recurrence time of lethal mergers at the location of the Sun is much larger than the age of the Universe,” they stated. (With inputs from agencies) You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Collision between rare stars in Milky Way to end life on Earth, says study

Following the conclusion of an independent evaluation that the existing Mars Sample Return (MSR) design has a "unrealistic" budget and timeline, NASA has begun to modify its strategy to retrieving samples from Mars.

NASA Mars sample return mission | NASA to work with ESA for bringing Mars samples to Earth

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