It is one of India's most ambitious space missions the race to land on the moon on Friday India is set to make history by joining the elite space Club of Nations to land on the lunar surface.

ISRO completes Chandraayan launch rehearsal

Chandrayaan-3 launch: India is all set to launch its third moon mission, Chandrayaan-3 on July 14. The lunar mission by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aims to put a lander and a rover on the moon’s South Pole. The Chandryaan-3 will be launched by <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/india-news/business-economy/lvm3-all-about-chandrayaan3-launch-vehicle-1688631723114">Launch Vehicle Mark III (LVM3),</a> also known as Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III.

The primary aim of the third moon mission, worth Rs 615 crore ($82 million), is to achieve a successful soft landing of the lander on the moon, followed by the deployment of a rover to carry out a range of experiments.&nbsp;

<h2>Chandrayaan-3: Launch date and time</h2>

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/india-news/business-economy/chandrayaan3-what-you-should-know-about-indias-moon-mission-1688377995659">ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3</a> is scheduled to launch on Friday, July 14 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The launch will take place at 2:35 pm IST. After a successful launch, the lander of Chandrayaan-3 is expected to embark on a journey lasting slightly over a month. It is then expected to soft-land on the lunar surface on August 23-24.

<h2>Chandrayaan-3: Where and how to watch the launch live?</h2>

Anyone interested in watching the launch live from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre’s Launch View Gallery can do so by registering on the link provided by ISRO's official Twitter account.&nbsp;

Interested candidates can stream the launch online in real-time on the ISRO official YouTube channel or Doordarshan.&nbsp;

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LVM3-M4/Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 
Vehicle electrical tests completed. 
 
Citizens are invited to witness the launch from the Launch View Gallery at SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota, by registering at <a href="https://t.co/J9jd8ylRcC">https://t.co/J9jd8ylRcC</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1677203551557238786?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 7, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<h2>Chandrayaan-3: Will India achieve a successful soft landing on moon this time?</h2>

Chandrayaan-3 is the third instalment of the Chandrayaan series and India's second attempt to achieve a soft landing on the Moon's surface. Only three countries have successfully landed spacecraft on the airless lunar surface.

Ahead of the Chandrayaan-3 launch, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S Somanath on Monday said that they “will be able to do a soft landing on the Moon” during the mission.&nbsp;

In order to achieve this feat, many changes and new additions are made to the third instalment of the Chandrayaan series. It consists of an indigenous Lander module (LM), a Propulsion module (PM), and a rover with the objective of developing and demonstrating new technologies required for interplanetary missions.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/countdown-begins-isro-to-launch-chandrayaan-3-on-july-14-all-details-here-612770">Countdown begins: ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-3 on July 14 | All details here</a>

The Lander will have the capability to soft land at a specified lunar site and deploy the rover which will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface during the course of its mobility.

The propulsion module will carry the lander from launch vehicle injection to the final lunar 100 km circular polar orbit and separate the two.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Chandrayaan-3 launch: India is all set to launch its third moon mission, Chandrayaan-3 on July 14. The lunar mission by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aims to put a lander and a rover on the moon’s South Pole.

Chandrayaan-3 launch: India is all set to launch its third moon mission, Chandrayaan-3 on July 14. The lunar mission by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aims to put a lander and a rover on the moon’s South Pole. The Chandryaan-3 will be launched by Launch Vehicle Mark III (LVM3), also known as Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III. The primary aim of the third moon mission, worth Rs 615 crore ($82 million), is to achieve a successful soft landing of the lander on the moon, followed by the deployment of a rover to carry out a range of experiments. Chandrayaan-3: Launch date and time ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 is scheduled to launch on Friday, July 14 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The launch will take place at 2:35 pm IST. After a successful launch, the lander of Chandrayaan-3 is expected to embark on a journey lasting slightly over a month. It is then expected to soft-land on the lunar surface on August 23-24. Chandrayaan-3: Where and how to watch the launch live? Anyone interested in watching the launch live from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre’s Launch View Gallery can do so by registering on the link provided by ISRO's official Twitter account. Interested candidates can stream the launch online in real-time on the ISRO official YouTube channel or Doordarshan. LVM3-M4/Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Vehicle electrical tests completed. Citizens are invited to witness the launch from the Launch View Gallery at SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota, by registering at https://t.co/J9jd8ylRcC — ISRO (@isro) July 7, 2023 × Chandrayaan-3: Will India achieve a successful soft landing on moon this time? Chandrayaan-3 is the third instalment of the Chandrayaan series and India's second attempt to achieve a soft landing on the Moon's surface. Only three countries have successfully landed spacecraft on the airless lunar surface. Ahead of the Chandrayaan-3 launch, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S Somanath on Monday said that they “will be able to do a soft landing on the Moon” during the mission. In order to achieve this feat, many changes and new additions are made to the third instalment of the Chandrayaan series. It consists of an indigenous Lander module (LM), a Propulsion module (PM), and a rover with the objective of developing and demonstrating new technologies required for interplanetary missions. Also Read | Countdown begins: ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-3 on July 14 | All details here The Lander will have the capability to soft land at a specified lunar site and deploy the rover which will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface during the course of its mobility. The propulsion module will carry the lander from launch vehicle injection to the final lunar 100 km circular polar orbit and separate the two. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3: India's third moon mission to launch on July 14. Here's how to watch the historic launch live

Indicating steady progress towards a mid-July launch, the Indian Space Agency, ISRO shared pictures of its third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3, which has now been mated with the payload adapter. The payload adapter is a piece of hardware that is used to connect the satellite (payload) to the upper stage of a rocket. Once a satellite is mated with the payload dispenser, it is then encapsulated within the payload fairing (nose cone of the rocket) and then stacked onto the launch vehicle.

Dr S Somanath, Chairman, ISRO told WION that the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover would retain the names used in Chandrayaan-2. This implies that the Lunar lander will be known as 'Vikram', a tribute to Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the brain behind the Indian space programme. The rover will be known as 'Pragyan', a Sanskrit word that means wisdom. Launched in mid-July, the spacecraft would make a lunar landing towards the end of August, Dr Somanath added.

 
WATCH |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has arrived at spaceport Sriharikota: ISRO chief to WION

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India is undertaking its third lunar mission and second lunar landing attempt, after the previous mission Chandrayaan-2 could not perform the lunar soft landing. While barely two kilometres above the lunar surface, as it was approaching a vertical landing, ISRO lost contact with the then 'Vikram' lunar lander.&nbsp;

The lander had made a hard landing on the lunar surface, which it did not survive, thus leaving the lunar landing mission incomplete. However, the orbiter from Chandrayaan-2 continues to circle the moon and provide science data from its payloads. Therefore, Chandrayaan-3 will not be having an orbiter that is mounted with multiple science payloads. Instead, it will serve as a propulsion module that will help the integrated spacecraft reach the lunar orbit.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-technology/exclusive-chandrayaan-3-spacecraft-arrives-at-indias-spaceport-in-preparation-for-july-launch-597257">Exclusive: Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft arrives at India's spaceport in preparation for July launch&nbsp;</a>

The Chandrayaan-3 orbiter weighs lesser than its predecessor. However, the payload mass reduced from the orbiter has been added to the Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander. This time around, ISRO had ruggedised the lander, placed larger solar panels for better power generation, added more fuel that can be used for manoeuvring, undertaken measures for failure tolerance and increased the scientific payloads.

The added mass on the lunar lander comprises more fuel, more ruggedisation, measures for failure tolerance and strengthening of landing legs and increased scientific payloads, larger solar panels for better power generation," Dr S Somanath, Chairman, ISRO told WION. He was responding to WION's question on whether the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft would weigh lesser than its predecessor (which weighed around 3.6 tonnes or 3,600kgs).

Earlier, the Chairman&nbsp;of ISRO had told WION that the launch window for Chandrayaan-3 on board the LVM3 rocket would be between the 12th and 19th of July. The launch window is the ideal period for a launch mission and any day within that interval would be chosen based on a host of factors.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-intended-to-be-launched-between-july-12-19-isro-chairman-to-wion-602275">Chandrayaan-3 intended to be launched between July 12 and 19: ISRO chairman to WION</a>

Given that the Indian lunar spacecraft would require around six weeks to travel from the earth to the moon (a distance of 3,84,000 kms), precise calculations are carried out and the launch time is determined down to the minute. When determining the time of launch, the mission planners consider the weather forecast, a flight path that is free of space debris, the dynamic position of the destination(with respect to Earth), the time taken to travel to the destination, the manoeuvres involved, the rocket being used, the purpose of the mission, the movement and impact of other heavenly bodies etc.&nbsp;

Queried about how confident the positive mission outcome of Chandrayaan-3 is, Dr Somanath had told WION that he is always confident, but space is an unforgiving domain, where only rigorous testing and clear decision-making yield favourable results. Smilingly, making a mention of luck being involved, he said that "even luck comes out of hard work and the perseverance to do the right thing at the right time". 
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Indicating steady progress towards a mid-July launch, the Indian Space Agency, ISRO shared pictures of its third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3, which has now been mated with the payload adapter.

Indicating steady progress towards a mid-July launch, the Indian Space Agency, ISRO shared pictures of its third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3, which has now been mated with the payload adapter. The payload adapter is a piece of hardware that is used to connect the satellite (payload) to the upper stage of a rocket. Once a satellite is mated with the payload dispenser, it is then encapsulated within the payload fairing (nose cone of the rocket) and then stacked onto the launch vehicle. Dr S Somanath, Chairman, ISRO told WION that the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover would retain the names used in Chandrayaan-2. This implies that the Lunar lander will be known as 'Vikram', a tribute to Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the brain behind the Indian space programme. The rover will be known as 'Pragyan', a Sanskrit word that means wisdom. Launched in mid-July, the spacecraft would make a lunar landing towards the end of August, Dr Somanath added. WATCH | Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has arrived at spaceport Sriharikota: ISRO chief to WION India is undertaking its third lunar mission and second lunar landing attempt, after the previous mission Chandrayaan-2 could not perform the lunar soft landing. While barely two kilometres above the lunar surface, as it was approaching a vertical landing, ISRO lost contact with the then 'Vikram' lunar lander. The lander had made a hard landing on the lunar surface, which it did not survive, thus leaving the lunar landing mission incomplete. However, the orbiter from Chandrayaan-2 continues to circle the moon and provide science data from its payloads. Therefore, Chandrayaan-3 will not be having an orbiter that is mounted with multiple science payloads. Instead, it will serve as a propulsion module that will help the integrated spacecraft reach the lunar orbit. ALSO READ | Exclusive: Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft arrives at India's spaceport in preparation for July launch The Chandrayaan-3 orbiter weighs lesser than its predecessor. However, the payload mass reduced from the orbiter has been added to the Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander. This time around, ISRO had ruggedised the lander, placed larger solar panels for better power generation, added more fuel that can be used for manoeuvring, undertaken measures for failure tolerance and increased the scientific payloads. The added mass on the lunar lander comprises more fuel, more ruggedisation, measures for failure tolerance and strengthening of landing legs and increased scientific payloads, larger solar panels for better power generation," Dr S Somanath, Chairman, ISRO told WION. He was responding to WION's question on whether the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft would weigh lesser than its predecessor (which weighed around 3.6 tonnes or 3,600kgs). Earlier, the Chairman of ISRO had told WION that the launch window for Chandrayaan-3 on board the LVM3 rocket would be between the 12th and 19th of July. The launch window is the ideal period for a launch mission and any day within that interval would be chosen based on a host of factors. ALSO READ | Chandrayaan-3 intended to be launched between July 12 and 19: ISRO chairman to WION Given that the Indian lunar spacecraft would require around six weeks to travel from the earth to the moon (a distance of 3,84,000 kms), precise calculations are carried out and the launch time is determined down to the minute. When determining the time of launch, the mission planners consider the weather forecast, a flight path that is free of space debris, the dynamic position of the destination(with respect to Earth), the time taken to travel to the destination, the manoeuvres involved, the rocket being used, the purpose of the mission, the movement and impact of other heavenly bodies etc. Queried about how confident the positive mission outcome of Chandrayaan-3 is, Dr Somanath had told WION that he is always confident, but space is an unforgiving domain, where only rigorous testing and clear decision-making yield favourable results. Smilingly, making a mention of luck being involved, he said that "even luck comes out of hard work and the perseverance to do the right thing at the right time". WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft ready to be encapsulated into rocket, says ISRO

India is going to launch Chandrayaan-3 in July'23. This is going to be the third spacecraft to be launched under India's Chandrayaan mission. What are the special features of this launch? What does India aim to achieve with Chandrayaan-3?

Gravitas: India to launch 'Chandrayaan-3'

Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO) most-reliable rocket Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) yet again proved its mettle on Saturday noon by precisely placing two Singaporean satellites in a circular orbit 586 km above the Earth's surface.

Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO) most-reliable rocket Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) yet again proved its mettle on Saturday noon by precisely placing two Singaporean satellites in a circular orbit 586 km above the Earth's surface. "In a textbook launch, the vehicle placed TeLEOS-2 and LUMELITE-4 satellites precisely into their intended 586 km circular orbit," ISRO said. This was the 57th overall flight of the PSLV rocket and was a commercial mission that was facilitated by NewSpace India Limited, ISRO's commercial arm. In his post-launch address, Chairman ISRO, Dr S Somanath said ISRO would soon be conducting the launch of a GSLV rocket (earlier known as GSLV Mk2), a PSLV rocket and the LVM3 rocket. "Lot of activity going on at SDSC-SHAR(India's spaceport) towards three major missions that are going to happen in the next few months," he added. It’s official now! ❤️🇮🇳🚀3 big #isro missions in coming months: NVS-01 Next-gen Navic NavigationSat for #india to lift-off on GSLV Mk2 Aditya-L1 Mission to study sun to be fly on #pslv India’s 3rd lunar mission #chandrayaan3 to be launched on LVM3 As Exciting as ever! pic.twitter.com/NWJrm03yM2 — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) April 22, 2023 × Going by what ISRO chairman had shared earlier with WION, these three missions are- NVS-01, a next-generation navigation satellite that the agency will be launching on board the GSLV Mk2 for India's national requirements, Aditya-L1 a science mission to study the Sun and solar atmosphere that is to be launched on board a PSLV and India's third lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 that will be lifting-off on India's heaviest rocket LVM3. Sharing the progress on India's Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission, Dr Somanath said that the crew module (astronaut-carrying capsule) would be carried to an altitude of 12-14 km on board a modified 'L40' liquid-stage booster, which is dubbed test vehicle. #ISRO #Pslv never disappoints! The ecstatic feel of listening to the @isro Range Ops Director say stuff like “1st stage performance normal” , “vehicle performance normal” “satellite separated” etc. in his unique style & voice cannot be explained! pic.twitter.com/k0K2YBAyTR — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) April 22, 2023 × The maiden test vehicle mission is expected to be carried out in June this year and is meant to test the safety systems of the crew module. Further, the maiden unmanned flight of the human-rated LVM3 rocket is to be carried out in February 2024. ISRO hopes to perform two or three unmanned flights, before the actual human spaceflight mission that involves sending three Indian astronauts to low earth orbit and then bringing them back safely by splashing down the crew module in the ocean. India is developing all related technologies indigenously for fulfilling this mission, which is the country's most ambitious and expensive spacefaring venture so far. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

ISRO gearing up for three high-profile missions: NVS-01, Aditya-L1 and Chandrayaan 3

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to launch its third Lunar exploration mission Chandrayaan-3. The mission will be launched in August 2022. India's Minister of State for Science and Technology told this to the Indian Parliament in a written reply. He was responding to a question about the status of the mission.

He said that realisation of Chandrayaan-3 is in progress based on analysis of learnings from Chandrayaan-2 mission.

"Many related hardware and their special tests are successfully completed, the Launch is scheduled for August 2022" he added. 
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Following a lull in launch activity during two years of the pandemic, India has now planned for 19 missions in calendar year of 2022. The minister said that these would include eight launch vehicle missions, seven spacecraft (satellite) missions and four technology demonstration missions.

Notably, in a recent webinar, DR AS Kiran Kumar, former chairman of ISRO had explained that Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 and is meant to demonstrate lunar landing and roving capability. He said that the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft would consist of a lander and rover carried on a propulsion module. He also added that the factors that led to unsuccessful Lunar landing of the Chandrayaan-2 lander were being taken care of in the latest mission.

About scientific payloads that are being carried on-board the lander and rover, he said, "The payloads on lander are Langmuir probe, Chandra's Surface Thermo Physical Experiment (ChaSTE) and Instrument for Lunar seismic activity (ILSA). The rover payloads are Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Laser Induced Breakdown spectroscope (LIBS)."

The former Chairman also elaborated that the Chandrayaan-3 lander is planned to perform an in-situ ChaSTE experiment of surface and sub-surface measurements of temperature.

It is meant to help understand the thermal exchange and physical properties of the uppermost Lunar soil. A thermal probe of 10cm length would be deployed on the Lunar surface to perform the experiment. On the uniqueness of the mission, he said that it was the only instrument in contact with Lunar surface/ subsurface and that is was the first-ever in-situ thermal measurement of the Lunar High Altitude region.

India's Lunar exploration journey began with a maiden mission Chandrayaan-1 in 2008 and a second mission in 2019. While the 2008 mission was a success, the 2019 mission Chandrayaan-2 failed to land successfully on the Lunar surface. As of today, only an orbiter from this mission continues to circle the moon and is expected to perform remote sensing and mapping operations and relay the data back to earth for the next few years. However, the lander and the rover it contained perished on impact with the lunar surface, after the crash landing.

Around 2024-25, India and Japan are expected to launch a joint Lunar mission dubbed as 'LUPEX' or Lunar Polar Exploration Mission. This probe is meant to land at the Lunar South pole with a rover that weighs upto 350kg.&nbsp;

This rover is expected to carry science experiments made by Indian and Japanese teams and conduct in-situ sample analysis. This mission is expected to have a life of upto 6 months. The details regarding this mission that is in the planning stage were revealed by Dr Kiran Kumar, in the webinar.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to launch its third Lunar exploration mission Chandrayaan-3. The mission will be launched in August 2022.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to launch its third Lunar exploration mission Chandrayaan-3. The mission will be launched in August 2022. India's Minister of State for Science and Technology told this to the Indian Parliament in a written reply. He was responding to a question about the status of the mission. He said that realisation of Chandrayaan-3 is in progress based on analysis of learnings from Chandrayaan-2 mission. "Many related hardware and their special tests are successfully completed, the Launch is scheduled for August 2022" he added. Following a lull in launch activity during two years of the pandemic, India has now planned for 19 missions in calendar year of 2022. The minister said that these would include eight launch vehicle missions, seven spacecraft (satellite) missions and four technology demonstration missions. Notably, in a recent webinar, DR AS Kiran Kumar, former chairman of ISRO had explained that Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 and is meant to demonstrate lunar landing and roving capability. He said that the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft would consist of a lander and rover carried on a propulsion module. He also added that the factors that led to unsuccessful Lunar landing of the Chandrayaan-2 lander were being taken care of in the latest mission. About scientific payloads that are being carried on-board the lander and rover, he said, "The payloads on lander are Langmuir probe, Chandra's Surface Thermo Physical Experiment (ChaSTE) and Instrument for Lunar seismic activity (ILSA). The rover payloads are Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Laser Induced Breakdown spectroscope (LIBS)." The former Chairman also elaborated that the Chandrayaan-3 lander is planned to perform an in-situ ChaSTE experiment of surface and sub-surface measurements of temperature. It is meant to help understand the thermal exchange and physical properties of the uppermost Lunar soil. A thermal probe of 10cm length would be deployed on the Lunar surface to perform the experiment. On the uniqueness of the mission, he said that it was the only instrument in contact with Lunar surface/ subsurface and that is was the first-ever in-situ thermal measurement of the Lunar High Altitude region. India's Lunar exploration journey began with a maiden mission Chandrayaan-1 in 2008 and a second mission in 2019. While the 2008 mission was a success, the 2019 mission Chandrayaan-2 failed to land successfully on the Lunar surface. As of today, only an orbiter from this mission continues to circle the moon and is expected to perform remote sensing and mapping operations and relay the data back to earth for the next few years. However, the lander and the rover it contained perished on impact with the lunar surface, after the crash landing. Around 2024-25, India and Japan are expected to launch a joint Lunar mission dubbed as 'LUPEX' or Lunar Polar Exploration Mission. This probe is meant to land at the Lunar South pole with a rover that weighs upto 350kg. This rover is expected to carry science experiments made by Indian and Japanese teams and conduct in-situ sample analysis. This mission is expected to have a life of upto 6 months. The details regarding this mission that is in the planning stage were revealed by Dr Kiran Kumar, in the webinar.

India's third Lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 slated for August 2022 launch

A SpaceX rocket that has lost control has put India's Chandrayaan and NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in danger. They are orbiting the Moon to collect observations about the impact crater.

The debris of the seven-year-old rocket, that had been launched from Florida, can collide with the Moon as well.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/pile-of-space-junk-chinese-citizens-lambast-spacex-after-space-station-near-misses-440415">Also read |&nbsp;'Pile of space junk': Chinese citizens lambast SpaceX after space station near-misses</a>

The dry mass of Falcon 9's second stage is about 4 metric tonnes, and it should impact the Moon at a velocity of about 2.58 km/s.

The aim of the booster was to attempt an interplanetary mission to send a space-weather satellite on a million-mile journey.

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''It has been following a somewhat chaotic orbit since February 2015,'' said meteorologist Eric Berger explained in a recent post on Ars Technica.

“This is the first unintentional case [of space junk hitting the moon] of which I am aware,” as per Bill Gray, who writes the widely used Project Pluto software to track near-Earth objects.

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For those asking: yes, an old Falcon 9 second stage left in high orbit in 2015 is going to hit the moon on March 4. It's interesting, but not a big deal.
— Jonathan McDowell (@planet4589) <a href="https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1486057487027646466?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 25, 2022</a></blockquote>
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This comes after Starlink satellites launched by Elon Musk’s SpaceX nearly struck a Chinese space station called Tiangong.

It had to manoeuvre to avoid colliding with one Starlink satellite in July and with another in October, according to a note submitted by Beijing to the United Nations space agency this month.

Beijing's complaint about Starlink had prompted criticism on Chinese social media of SpaceX's billionaire founder Musk, who is widely admired in China.

SpaceX is a private American company, independent of the US military and civilian space agency NASA.

In March last year, debris from a Falcon 9 rocket launched by US aeronautics company SpaceX fell to Earth in Washington and on the Oregon coast.

(With inputs from agencies)

A SpaceX rocket that has lost control has put India's Chandrayaan and NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in danger. They are orbiting the Moon to collect observations about the impact crater.

A SpaceX rocket that has lost control has put India's Chandrayaan and NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in danger. They are orbiting the Moon to collect observations about the impact crater. The debris of the seven-year-old rocket, that had been launched from Florida, can collide with the Moon as well. Also read | 'Pile of space junk': Chinese citizens lambast SpaceX after space station near-misses The dry mass of Falcon 9's second stage is about 4 metric tonnes, and it should impact the Moon at a velocity of about 2.58 km/s. The aim of the booster was to attempt an interplanetary mission to send a space-weather satellite on a million-mile journey. ''It has been following a somewhat chaotic orbit since February 2015,'' said meteorologist Eric Berger explained in a recent post on Ars Technica. “This is the first unintentional case [of space junk hitting the moon] of which I am aware,” as per Bill Gray, who writes the widely used Project Pluto software to track near-Earth objects. For those asking: yes, an old Falcon 9 second stage left in high orbit in 2015 is going to hit the moon on March 4. It's interesting, but not a big deal. — Jonathan McDowell (@planet4589) January 25, 2022 × This comes after Starlink satellites launched by Elon Musk’s SpaceX nearly struck a Chinese space station called Tiangong. It had to manoeuvre to avoid colliding with one Starlink satellite in July and with another in October, according to a note submitted by Beijing to the United Nations space agency this month. Beijing's complaint about Starlink had prompted criticism on Chinese social media of SpaceX's billionaire founder Musk, who is widely admired in China. SpaceX is a private American company, independent of the US military and civilian space agency NASA. In March last year, debris from a Falcon 9 rocket launched by US aeronautics company SpaceX fell to Earth in Washington and on the Oregon coast. (With inputs from agencies)

Out-of-control rocket by Elon Musk's SpaceX puts India's Chandrayaan in danger

India’s ambitious third mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-3, may get launched in the third quarter next year. The mission has been facing delays due to the pandemic. &nbsp;

In a written answer in the Parliament, Dr Jitendra Singh, minister of state for department of space, said, “Chandrayaan-3 is likely to be launched during the third quarter of 2022 assuming normal work-flow henceforth.”&nbsp;

Initially scheduled for late 2020 or early 2021, the mission was hit badly by the pandemic as it affected the schedule due to the manufacturing the modules.&nbsp;

The answer given by minister in Lok Sabha read, “The realisation of Chandrayaan-3 involves various processes, including finalisation of configuration, subsystem realisation (manufacturing), integration, spacecraft-level detailed testing and a number of special tests to evaluate the systems performance on Earth. The realisation process was hampered due to COVID-19 pandemic.”&nbsp;

Planned as only a lander-rover mission, the Chandrayaan-3 aimed to demonstrate the country’s capability of soft landing on a celestial body. It will be communicated with Earth via the existing orbiter from Chandrayaan-2. The orbiter’s lifespan has been estimated to be seven years.&nbsp;

It was announced a few months after the Vikram lander aboard Chandrayaan-2 mission crash-landed on the lunar surface in September 2019.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

India’s ambitious third mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-3, may get launched in the third quarter next year. The mission has been facing delays due to the pandemic.

India’s ambitious third mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-3, may get launched in the third quarter next year. The mission has been facing delays due to the pandemic. In a written answer in the Parliament, Dr Jitendra Singh, minister of state for department of space, said, “Chandrayaan-3 is likely to be launched during the third quarter of 2022 assuming normal work-flow henceforth.” Initially scheduled for late 2020 or early 2021, the mission was hit badly by the pandemic as it affected the schedule due to the manufacturing the modules. The answer given by minister in Lok Sabha read, “The realisation of Chandrayaan-3 involves various processes, including finalisation of configuration, subsystem realisation (manufacturing), integration, spacecraft-level detailed testing and a number of special tests to evaluate the systems performance on Earth. The realisation process was hampered due to COVID-19 pandemic.” Planned as only a lander-rover mission, the Chandrayaan-3 aimed to demonstrate the country’s capability of soft landing on a celestial body. It will be communicated with Earth via the existing orbiter from Chandrayaan-2. The orbiter’s lifespan has been estimated to be seven years. It was announced a few months after the Vikram lander aboard Chandrayaan-2 mission crash-landed on the lunar surface in September 2019. (With inputs from agencies)

India's moon mission Chandrayaan-3 may get launched in 2022’s third quarter, says Indian govt 

October 22 in History: From Long March to declining Nobel Prize and more

India's Chandrayaan-2 mission has marked one year of its launch by GSLV MkIII-M1 and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has said that all of its payloads are performing well.&nbsp;

On July 22, 2019, ISRO launched the GSLV MkIII-M1 carrying Chandrayaan-2 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. It kept revolving around the Earth's orbit for 23 days and on August 14 that craft commenced its journey to the moon.&nbsp;

The Chandrayaan-2 entered the Lumar orbit on August 20, 2019.&nbsp;

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISRO</a> 
Have a look of 3D view of a crater imaged by TMC-2 of <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan2</a>. TMC-2 provides images at 5m spatial resolution &amp; stereo triplets (fore, nadir and aft views) for preparing DEM of the complete lunar surface. 
 
For more details visit <a href="https://t.co/urlZqzg3Gw">https://t.co/urlZqzg3Gw</a> <a href="https://t.co/VBvUeH1L8s">pic.twitter.com/VBvUeH1L8s</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1194590582678491137?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 13, 2019</a></blockquote>
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On Tuesday, India's space agency confirmed that all eight payloads on Chandrayaan-2 were performing well and global mapping of the lunar surface and polar coverage are being carried out as per the mission plan.&nbsp;

In a statement, ISRO said: "Extensive data has been acquired from Chandrayaan-2 payloads and parameters are being derived for (i) presence of water-ice in the polar regions, (ii) X-ray based and Infrared spectroscopic mineral information and (iii) mid and high latitude presence of Argon-40, a condensable gas on the Moon which gets released internally by the radioactive decay of 40 K."

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISRO</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan2</a>’s DF-SAR is designed to produce greater details about the morphology and ejecta materials of impact craters on the lunar surface. Have a look of initial images and observations made by DF-SAR 
 
For more details please visit: <a href="https://t.co/1j7SBcXIpl">https://t.co/1j7SBcXIpl</a> <a href="https://t.co/SEHukoYJMV">pic.twitter.com/SEHukoYJMV</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1186640693323862016?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 22, 2019</a></blockquote>
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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISRO</a> 
Have a look at the images taken by <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan2</a>'s Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC). 
For more images please visit <a href="https://t.co/YBjRO1kTcL">https://t.co/YBjRO1kTcL</a> <a href="https://t.co/K4INnWKbaM">pic.twitter.com/K4INnWKbaM</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1180145587863220225?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 4, 2019</a></blockquote>
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Initially, ISRO was planning to release the major findings from Chandrayaan-2 science experiments at the Annual Lunar Planetary Science Conference in March 2020 but it was called off due to coronavirus. Now, the data will be released in October wherein details for accessing the data will be provided, it said.&nbsp;

The Orbiter carrying Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) has clicked 22 orbit images of lunar surface consisting of nearly 1056 sq. km area and is also used to characterise landing sites for future missions.&nbsp;

India's Chandrayaan-2 mission has marked one year of its launch by GSLV MkIII-M1 and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has said that all of its payloads are performing well.

India's Chandrayaan-2 mission has marked one year of its launch by GSLV MkIII-M1 and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has said that all of its payloads are performing well. On July 22, 2019, ISRO launched the GSLV MkIII-M1 carrying Chandrayaan-2 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. It kept revolving around the Earth's orbit for 23 days and on August 14 that craft commenced its journey to the moon. The Chandrayaan-2 entered the Lumar orbit on August 20, 2019. #ISRO Have a look of 3D view of a crater imaged by TMC-2 of #Chandrayaan2. TMC-2 provides images at 5m spatial resolution & stereo triplets (fore, nadir and aft views) for preparing DEM of the complete lunar surface. For more details visit https://t.co/urlZqzg3Gw pic.twitter.com/VBvUeH1L8s — ISRO (@isro) November 13, 2019 × On Tuesday, India's space agency confirmed that all eight payloads on Chandrayaan-2 were performing well and global mapping of the lunar surface and polar coverage are being carried out as per the mission plan. In a statement, ISRO said: "Extensive data has been acquired from Chandrayaan-2 payloads and parameters are being derived for (i) presence of water-ice in the polar regions, (ii) X-ray based and Infrared spectroscopic mineral information and (iii) mid and high latitude presence of Argon-40, a condensable gas on the Moon which gets released internally by the radioactive decay of 40 K." #ISRO#Chandrayaan2’s DF-SAR is designed to produce greater details about the morphology and ejecta materials of impact craters on the lunar surface. Have a look of initial images and observations made by DF-SAR For more details please visit: https://t.co/1j7SBcXIpl pic.twitter.com/SEHukoYJMV — ISRO (@isro) October 22, 2019 × #ISRO Have a look at the images taken by #Chandrayaan2's Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC). For more images please visit https://t.co/YBjRO1kTcL pic.twitter.com/K4INnWKbaM — ISRO (@isro) October 4, 2019 × Initially, ISRO was planning to release the major findings from Chandrayaan-2 science experiments at the Annual Lunar Planetary Science Conference in March 2020 but it was called off due to coronavirus. Now, the data will be released in October wherein details for accessing the data will be provided, it said. The Orbiter carrying Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) has clicked 22 orbit images of lunar surface consisting of nearly 1056 sq. km area and is also used to characterise landing sites for future missions.

Chandrayaan-2 mapping lunar surface as per mission plan: ISRO

The whole nation felt the pain when Chandrayaan-2's lander crashed&nbsp;on the lunar surface just moments before it was about to create history. This New Year, however, ISRO chief K Sivan once again gave Indians a reason to rejoice when he announced that four astronauts have been shortlisted for India's first manned space mission Gaganyaan. The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on his Independence Day Speech last year said that by 2022 India would send its astronauts to space.

So what is Gaganyaan? What is the&nbsp;significance&nbsp;of the mission? This article attempts to answer all key questions related to India's ambitious new programme.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/gaganyaan-mission-four-astronauts-selected-to-undergo-training-in-russia-says-isro-chief-k-sivan-271425">Gaganyaan mission: Four astronauts selected to undergo training in Russia, says ISRO chief K Sivan</a>

What is Gaganyaan?&nbsp;

Gaganyaan is a crewed orbital spacecraft that is expected to take three astronauts to space for a period of seven days. For the mission, India's space agency is planning to carry out two unmanned missions in December 2020 and July 2021, followed by the manned mission by December 2021. ISRO's Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) will be used for the manned space mission.

"The total fund requirement for the Gaganyaan Programme is within Rs.10,000 crore," as per a government statement. The spacecraft will be placed in a low earth orbit of 300-400 km. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Why is it significant?

If India successfully sends four astronauts to space, it will be only the fourth nation to do so after the United States, China and Russia. It will re-establish India's space research position amongst giants such as the US, China and Russia, which spends way more money than India on space programmes.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/russia-to-train-four-indian-astronauts-for-gaganyaan-mission-245890">Gaganyaan mission: Russia to train 4 Indian astronauts; special ISRO unit at Moscow</a>

What is the Russian connection?

The all-weather friendship of India and Russia has also been reflected in the field of space. India's only astronaut to travel space Rakesh Sharma, also undertook his journey in Russia's Interkosmos programme. For Gaganyaan, ISRO signed an agreement with Russia's Glavkosmos to select and train Indian astronauts for the space mission. Earlier ISRO chief had said that 12 astronauts from India would go to Russia for training and four would be shortlisted. The selected astronauts will now undergo rigorous training for 15 months In India and abroad.&nbsp;

What will be the challenges encountered by astronauts to get mission ready?

The Gaganyaan crew will first undergo medical examination followed by rigorous physical training even for military personnel. The idea behind this tough training programme is to get astronauts accustomed to gravitational changes which will cause physiological alterations.

Often, astronauts face motion sickness when they experience weightlessness in the space. The changing gravity also results in fluctuations in blood circulation especially during re-entry to earth or landing which also makes astronauts unconscious due to lack of internal pressure. For the mission preparation, astronauts will be put under a centrifuge which will spin rapidly in order to adapt them for gravitational acceleration. &nbsp; &nbsp;

The astronauts will also be acquainted with life support systems, navigation and thermal controls, astronomy, and other necessary sciences if a need arose of manual intervention or emergency.

Generally, astronauts are trained for four years, but Indian space explorers would only get only two years for meeting the launch deadline.&nbsp;

What can be the impact of Gagnayaan?

The success of Gaganyaan would unlock many doors to experiment with more spaceflight missions. It will also give boost to India's ambition of setting up its own space station.&nbsp;

The whole nation felt the pain when Chandrayaan-2's lander crashed on the lunar surface just moments before it was about to create history. This New Year, however, ISRO chief K Sivan once again gave Indians a reason to rejoice when he announced that four astronauts have been shortlisted for India's first manned space mission Gaganyaan.

The whole nation felt the pain when Chandrayaan-2's lander crashed on the lunar surface just moments before it was about to create history. This New Year, however, ISRO chief K Sivan once again gave Indians a reason to rejoice when he announced that four astronauts have been shortlisted for India's first manned space mission Gaganyaan. The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on his Independence Day Speech last year said that by 2022 India would send its astronauts to space. So what is Gaganyaan? What is the significance of the mission? This article attempts to answer all key questions related to India's ambitious new programme. Also read: Gaganyaan mission: Four astronauts selected to undergo training in Russia, says ISRO chief K Sivan What is Gaganyaan? Gaganyaan is a crewed orbital spacecraft that is expected to take three astronauts to space for a period of seven days. For the mission, India's space agency is planning to carry out two unmanned missions in December 2020 and July 2021, followed by the manned mission by December 2021. ISRO's Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) will be used for the manned space mission. "The total fund requirement for the Gaganyaan Programme is within Rs.10,000 crore," as per a government statement. The spacecraft will be placed in a low earth orbit of 300-400 km. Why is it significant? If India successfully sends four astronauts to space, it will be only the fourth nation to do so after the United States, China and Russia. It will re-establish India's space research position amongst giants such as the US, China and Russia, which spends way more money than India on space programmes. Also read: Gaganyaan mission: Russia to train 4 Indian astronauts; special ISRO unit at Moscow What is the Russian connection? The all-weather friendship of India and Russia has also been reflected in the field of space. India's only astronaut to travel space Rakesh Sharma, also undertook his journey in Russia's Interkosmos programme. For Gaganyaan, ISRO signed an agreement with Russia's Glavkosmos to select and train Indian astronauts for the space mission. Earlier ISRO chief had said that 12 astronauts from India would go to Russia for training and four would be shortlisted. The selected astronauts will now undergo rigorous training for 15 months In India and abroad. What will be the challenges encountered by astronauts to get mission ready? The Gaganyaan crew will first undergo medical examination followed by rigorous physical training even for military personnel. The idea behind this tough training programme is to get astronauts accustomed to gravitational changes which will cause physiological alterations. Often, astronauts face motion sickness when they experience weightlessness in the space. The changing gravity also results in fluctuations in blood circulation especially during re-entry to earth or landing which also makes astronauts unconscious due to lack of internal pressure. For the mission preparation, astronauts will be put under a centrifuge which will spin rapidly in order to adapt them for gravitational acceleration. The astronauts will also be acquainted with life support systems, navigation and thermal controls, astronomy, and other necessary sciences if a need arose of manual intervention or emergency. Generally, astronauts are trained for four years, but Indian space explorers would only get only two years for meeting the launch deadline. What can be the impact of Gagnayaan? The success of Gaganyaan would unlock many doors to experiment with more spaceflight missions. It will also give boost to India's ambition of setting up its own space station.

EXPLAINED: Gaganyaan- All you need to know about India's first manned space mission

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief K Sivan started the New Year with good news. He announced in a media briefing that India's new lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 will be launched later this year in November 2020.

ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-3 in November 2020

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief K Sivan on Wednesday started the New Year with good news, stating that India's new lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 will be launched later this year in November 2020.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/chandrayaan-2-a-look-at-the-past-moon-expeditions-235865">In pics: A look at the past moon expeditions</a> 
 
This comes after <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-nasa-satellite-finds-indias-vikram-moon-lander-releases-images-of-impact-site-265811">India's ambitious mission Chandrayaan-2</a>, to land on the far side of the moon, could not get through last year as Vikram Lander could not succeed.&nbsp;

The new mission will be launched to strengthen legs of the lander and will only include the lander and the rover.

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The <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan2</a> Vikram lander has been found by our <a href="https://twitter.com/NASAMoon?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@NASAMoon</a> mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the first mosaic of the impact site <a href="https://t.co/GA3JspCNuh">https://t.co/GA3JspCNuh</a> <a href="https://t.co/jaW5a63sAf">pic.twitter.com/jaW5a63sAf</a>
— NASA (@NASA) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1201597561720725506?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 2, 2019</a></blockquote>
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"The government has approved Chandrayan-3, the project is ongoing," Sivan said at a press conference today.

"The land acquisition for a second space port has been initiated and the port will be in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu," he said.&nbsp;

Sivan added that the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter is still functioning well and will function for the next 7 years to produce scientific data.&nbsp;

"We have made good progress on Chandrayan-2, even though we could not land successfully, the orbiter is still functioning, it's going to function for the next 7 years to produce science data," he told media.&nbsp;

Sivan described 2020 as a big year -&nbsp;the year of Gaganyaan and Chandrayaan.&nbsp;

(With inputs from ANI)

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief K Sivan on Wednesday started the New Year with good news, stating that India's new lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 will be launched later this year in November 2020.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief K Sivan on Wednesday started the New Year with good news, stating that India's new lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 will be launched later this year in November 2020. In pics: A look at the past moon expeditions This comes after India's ambitious mission Chandrayaan-2, to land on the far side of the moon, could not get through last year as Vikram Lander could not succeed. The new mission will be launched to strengthen legs of the lander and will only include the lander and the rover. The #Chandrayaan2 Vikram lander has been found by our @NASAMoon mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the first mosaic of the impact site https://t.co/GA3JspCNuh pic.twitter.com/jaW5a63sAf — NASA (@NASA) December 2, 2019 × "The government has approved Chandrayan-3, the project is ongoing," Sivan said at a press conference today. "The land acquisition for a second space port has been initiated and the port will be in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu," he said. Sivan added that the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter is still functioning well and will function for the next 7 years to produce scientific data. "We have made good progress on Chandrayan-2, even though we could not land successfully, the orbiter is still functioning, it's going to function for the next 7 years to produce science data," he told media. Sivan described 2020 as a big year - the year of Gaganyaan and Chandrayaan. (With inputs from ANI)

India to launch Chandrayaan-3 in November 2020: ISRO chief K Sivan

NASA has confirmed that it has found India's Vikram lander which crashed on the lunar surface in September. Watch this video to know more.

NASA finds India's Vikram lander

Chennai engineer helps NASA detect Vikram lander's debris

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has started working on the tentatively called Chandrayaan-3, according to various reports. Watch this video to know more.

WION Dispatch: ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-3

The Indian Space Research Organisation on Saturday released images of the moon surface clicked by Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) onboard Chandrayaan-2.

ISRO shared the pictures of the moon on the microblogging site.

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISRO</a> 
Have a look at the images taken by <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan2</a>'s Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC). 
For more images please visit <a href="https://t.co/YBjRO1kTcL">https://t.co/YBjRO1kTcL</a> <a href="https://t.co/K4INnWKbaM">pic.twitter.com/K4INnWKbaM</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1180145587863220225?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 4, 2019</a></blockquote>
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OHRC provides very high spatial resolution images of the moon.

It provides the sharpest images ever from a lunar orbiter platform.OHRC is an important new tool for lunar topographic studies of the select region.

These images were acquired on September 5 by the ISRO from a 100-km altitude.

ISRO lost contact from its Lander Vikram which was supposed to soft-land on the far side of the moon on September 7. Minutes before its scheduled soft-landing, the communication with Vikram Lander was lost.

The Vikram Lander successfully separated from Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter on September 2.&nbsp;

After revolving the Earth`s orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14.

The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22.

The Indian Space Research Organisation on Saturday released images of the moon surface clicked by Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) onboard Chandrayaan-2. ISRO shared the pictures of the moon on the microblogging site.

The Indian Space Research Organisation on Saturday released images of the moon surface clicked by Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) onboard Chandrayaan-2. ISRO shared the pictures of the moon on the microblogging site. #ISRO Have a look at the images taken by #Chandrayaan2's Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC). For more images please visit https://t.co/YBjRO1kTcL pic.twitter.com/K4INnWKbaM — ISRO (@isro) October 4, 2019 × OHRC provides very high spatial resolution images of the moon. It provides the sharpest images ever from a lunar orbiter platform.OHRC is an important new tool for lunar topographic studies of the select region. These images were acquired on September 5 by the ISRO from a 100-km altitude. ISRO lost contact from its Lander Vikram which was supposed to soft-land on the far side of the moon on September 7. Minutes before its scheduled soft-landing, the communication with Vikram Lander was lost. The Vikram Lander successfully separated from Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter on September 2. After revolving the Earth`s orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14. The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22.

ISRO releases high-resolution images of moon clicked from Chandrayaan-2

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman K Sivan on Thursday expressed satisfaction on the working of Chandrayaan-2 orbiter while reiterating that no signal has been received from Vikram lander so far.

Speaking to media persons, Sivan stated, "The orbiter is doing very well and all its operations have commenced and it is doing well. We have not received any signal from the lander but orbiter is working very well."

Sivan further stated that a national-level committee has been constituted to analyse the issues with Vikram lander and based on the report, the organisation is determining its future course of actions.

On the upcoming missions, the ISRO chairman stated the agency is working towards the launch of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), Aditya-L1 mission and Gaganyaan mission.

"ISRO is gearing up for the Gaganyaan space program. We will send two unmanned missions to space, one of them will be by end of 2020 and second is targeted to be launched by August 2021 so that we can have the manned mission by December 2021," he said.

The ISRO chairman was in the city to attend a conference organised by the Indian Society of Systems For Science and Engineering (ISSE).

Gaganyaan mission is India`s first manned mission to space.&nbsp;

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman K Sivan on Thursday expressed satisfaction on the working of Chandrayaan-2 orbiter while reiterating that no signal has been received from Vikram lander so far.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman K Sivan on Thursday expressed satisfaction on the working of Chandrayaan-2 orbiter while reiterating that no signal has been received from Vikram lander so far. Speaking to media persons, Sivan stated, "The orbiter is doing very well and all its operations have commenced and it is doing well. We have not received any signal from the lander but orbiter is working very well." Sivan further stated that a national-level committee has been constituted to analyse the issues with Vikram lander and based on the report, the organisation is determining its future course of actions. On the upcoming missions, the ISRO chairman stated the agency is working towards the launch of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), Aditya-L1 mission and Gaganyaan mission. "ISRO is gearing up for the Gaganyaan space program. We will send two unmanned missions to space, one of them will be by end of 2020 and second is targeted to be launched by August 2021 so that we can have the manned mission by December 2021," he said. The ISRO chairman was in the city to attend a conference organised by the Indian Society of Systems For Science and Engineering (ISSE). Gaganyaan mission is India`s first manned mission to space.

Chandrayaan-2 orbiter doing well but no signal from Vikram lander: K Sivan

Amidst ambiguity over the status of Vikram lander, <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/country-is-proud-of-isro-president-kovind-hails-scientists-for-exemplary-commitment-and-courage-248146">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> on Saturday called off its planned press conference.

The press conference was scheduled to be held in the aftermath of the successful landing of Vikram lander on the far side of the <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-proud-of-its-scientists-says-pm-modi-after-vikram-lander-loses-communication-248135">lunar surface</a> on the intervening night of Friday-Saturday.

"Vikram Lander descent was as planned and normal performance was observed up to an altitude of 2.1 km. Subsequently, communication from Lander to the ground stations was lost. Data is being analyzed," ISRO Chairman K Sivan had announced.

However, ISRO has not confirmed the status of "Vikram" lander.

Deviprasad Karnik, scientist ISRO, on being asked if Vikram Lander has crashed, said, "Data is being analysed. We don't have any result yet. It takes time. We are not sure."

The Vikram Lander successfully separated from Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter on September 2.

The Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter continues to orbit the Moon in its existing orbit.

The Vikram lander was planned to land on the far side of the moon between 1:30 am to 2:30 am on the intervening night of Friday-Saturday.

This would have been followed by rover (Pragyan) roll-out between 5:30 am to 6:30 am.

After revolving around the Earth's orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14.

The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22.

India's second mission to the moon was approved by the cabinet in September 2008, just before the launch of Chandrayaan-1.&nbsp;

 
&nbsp;

Amidst ambiguity over the status of Vikram lander, Indian Space Research Organisation on Saturday called off its planned press conference. The press conference was scheduled to be held in the aftermath of the successful landing of Vikram lander on the far side of the lunar surface on the intervening night of Friday-Saturday.

Amidst ambiguity over the status of Vikram lander, Indian Space Research Organisation on Saturday called off its planned press conference. The press conference was scheduled to be held in the aftermath of the successful landing of Vikram lander on the far side of the lunar surface on the intervening night of Friday-Saturday. "Vikram Lander descent was as planned and normal performance was observed up to an altitude of 2.1 km. Subsequently, communication from Lander to the ground stations was lost. Data is being analyzed," ISRO Chairman K Sivan had announced. However, ISRO has not confirmed the status of "Vikram" lander. Deviprasad Karnik, scientist ISRO, on being asked if Vikram Lander has crashed, said, "Data is being analysed. We don't have any result yet. It takes time. We are not sure." The Vikram Lander successfully separated from Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter on September 2. The Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter continues to orbit the Moon in its existing orbit. The Vikram lander was planned to land on the far side of the moon between 1:30 am to 2:30 am on the intervening night of Friday-Saturday. This would have been followed by rover (Pragyan) roll-out between 5:30 am to 6:30 am. After revolving around the Earth's orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14. The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22. India's second mission to the moon was approved by the cabinet in September 2008, just before the launch of Chandrayaan-1.

ISRO's press conference called off after communication lost with 'Vikram' lander

Former NASA astronaut Jerry M Linenger on Thursday said that landing <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-completes-second-de-orbiting-maneuver-successfully-isro-247492">Chandrayaan-2 on the south pole of the moon</a> is a milestone for the entire world and not just India.

"The south pole of the moon is a fantastic region to explore. That is why the entire planet will benefit from the mission. This is not just a milestone for India but the entire world," Linenger told ANI.

The former NASA astronaut is in the country to promote a special program on India's space mission <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-performs-first-de-orbiting-manoeuvre-isro-247277">Chandrayaan-2</a>, featuring him as space analyst.

"India is about to land Chandrayaan 2 on the south pole of the moon. There are great challenges since no one has ever been there before but the Vikram lander onboard the spacecraft is also very capable," Linenger said.

He said that the most important task for the mission will be to explore whether there is water on the natural satellite.

"The Chandrayaan-2 has already carried out some of the difficult tasks like de-orbiting but landing on the surface of the moon will be the toughest part. There is a possibility of tumbling if the landing spot is slanted. I will definitely be on the edge of my seat," he said.

Watch: Chandrayaan-2 completes second maneuver, Vikram lander ready for descent

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Linenger had gone on the space shuttle and spent five months on the Russian space station 'MIR'.

"I am here to celebrate this great accomplishment with the people of India. During our live show, I am going to be trying to give people some insight into the mission from my own experience. I am very excited. I am keeping my fingers crossed that everything goes well," he said.

"No matter the outcome, it will be a success, not only for India but the planet," he added.

The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft will be the first-ever expedition to the south pole of the moon.

This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to conduct a soft landing on the lunar surface.

The Lander is scheduled to land on the surface of the moon on September 7.

After revolving around the Earth's orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14.

The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22.&nbsp;

Former NASA astronaut Jerry M Linenger on Thursday said that landing Chandrayaan-2 on the south pole of the moon is a milestone for the entire world and not just India.

Former NASA astronaut Jerry M Linenger on Thursday said that landing Chandrayaan-2 on the south pole of the moon is a milestone for the entire world and not just India. "The south pole of the moon is a fantastic region to explore. That is why the entire planet will benefit from the mission. This is not just a milestone for India but the entire world," Linenger told ANI. The former NASA astronaut is in the country to promote a special program on India's space mission Chandrayaan-2, featuring him as space analyst. "India is about to land Chandrayaan 2 on the south pole of the moon. There are great challenges since no one has ever been there before but the Vikram lander onboard the spacecraft is also very capable," Linenger said. He said that the most important task for the mission will be to explore whether there is water on the natural satellite. "The Chandrayaan-2 has already carried out some of the difficult tasks like de-orbiting but landing on the surface of the moon will be the toughest part. There is a possibility of tumbling if the landing spot is slanted. I will definitely be on the edge of my seat," he said. Watch: Chandrayaan-2 completes second maneuver, Vikram lander ready for descent × Linenger had gone on the space shuttle and spent five months on the Russian space station 'MIR'. "I am here to celebrate this great accomplishment with the people of India. During our live show, I am going to be trying to give people some insight into the mission from my own experience. I am very excited. I am keeping my fingers crossed that everything goes well," he said. "No matter the outcome, it will be a success, not only for India but the planet," he added. The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft will be the first-ever expedition to the south pole of the moon. This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to conduct a soft landing on the lunar surface. The Lander is scheduled to land on the surface of the moon on September 7. After revolving around the Earth's orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14. The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22.

Chandrayaan-2 a milestone for the entire world: Former NASA astronaut

It's evident that India is within reach of the moon. That too the unexplored side of the moon.

The Vikram module of Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to make a soft landing in the South Polar region of the moon early on Saturday.

If successful, this mission, will secure India's stature as space superpower proving that we have a capacity to soft-land&nbsp;on the moon.

With this, India would become the first country to map&nbsp;the lunar surface in the unexplored side of the moon and study its atmosphere.

Isro says&nbsp;that the last 15 minutes of the touch down with the Vikram lander will be '15 minutes of terror'.

If Vikram module of Chandrayaan-2 passes critical minutes of the touchdown, the lander will measure the quakes in the moon and the rover will analyse the soil.

Such studies will enhance our understanding of the moon.

Besides this, the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter will circle around the moon for one year and collect information on minerals in the moon and search for water.

This would be the most sophisticated search for water in the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is equipped with infra-red imagers and radars. Put simply, Chandrayaan - 2 heralds a new era in India's space exploration.

Overall, this mission has the potential to make India a leader in lunar research. And this is a huge achievement.&nbsp;

The US, the then Soviet Union and China had a headstart in space missions. In a little over 5 decades since the establishment of ISRO, India is on its way to lead the world when it comes to the moon.

Then comes the issue of cost-efficiency. This mission has cost India only $150 million which is&nbsp;cheaper than the budget of Hollywood film 'Interstellar'.

Successful landing would be a testimony to ISRO's growing expertise. In science, India has been a heavyweight - contrary to popular perception.

Chandrayaan-2 will be a glittering achievement in that proud tradition. 
 
(Disclaimer: WION Edit is the channel's take on the big events of the world)

It's evident that India is within reach of the moon. That too the unexplored side of the moon. The Vikram module of Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to make a soft landing in the South Polar region of the moon early on Saturday.

It's evident that India is within reach of the moon. That too the unexplored side of the moon. The Vikram module of Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to make a soft landing in the South Polar region of the moon early on Saturday. If successful, this mission, will secure India's stature as space superpower proving that we have a capacity to soft-land on the moon. With this, India would become the first country to map the lunar surface in the unexplored side of the moon and study its atmosphere. Isro says that the last 15 minutes of the touch down with the Vikram lander will be '15 minutes of terror'. If Vikram module of Chandrayaan-2 passes critical minutes of the touchdown, the lander will measure the quakes in the moon and the rover will analyse the soil. Such studies will enhance our understanding of the moon. Besides this, the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter will circle around the moon for one year and collect information on minerals in the moon and search for water. This would be the most sophisticated search for water in the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is equipped with infra-red imagers and radars. Put simply, Chandrayaan - 2 heralds a new era in India's space exploration. Overall, this mission has the potential to make India a leader in lunar research. And this is a huge achievement. The US, the then Soviet Union and China had a headstart in space missions. In a little over 5 decades since the establishment of ISRO, India is on its way to lead the world when it comes to the moon. Then comes the issue of cost-efficiency. This mission has cost India only $150 million which is cheaper than the budget of Hollywood film 'Interstellar'. Successful landing would be a testimony to ISRO's growing expertise. In science, India has been a heavyweight - contrary to popular perception. Chandrayaan-2 will be a glittering achievement in that proud tradition. (Disclaimer: WION Edit is the channel's take on the big events of the world)

WION Edit: Chandrayaan-2 moon landing - Sky is the limit

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-a-milestone-for-the-entire-world-former-nasa-astronaut-247874">India's ambitious lunar mission Chandrayaan-2</a>&nbsp;is scheduled to make a "soft landing"&nbsp;on the surface of the Moon on the intervening night of Friday and Saturday between 1:30 am to 2:30 am(IST).

This will be followed by the Rover roll out between 5:30 am to 6:30 am, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) stated.

A 'soft landing' takes place when&nbsp;a spacecraft lands intact on the lunar surface and does not, intentionally or otherwise, crash.&nbsp;The&nbsp;Moon Lander Vikram which separated from its orbiting mothership has already performed two manoeuvres to lower its altitude for a perfect touchdown.

It&nbsp;will carry out research on the surface of the Moon by mapping its resources looking for the presence of water and clicking high-resolution images.

Watch Video:

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On April 11, <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/israeli-spacecraft-crashes-during-moon-landing-mission-control-209706">Israel attempted a soft landing </a>near the lunar South Pole of the Moon. The Israeli craft, however, faced problems during its landing and crashed on the Moon.

Israel's attempt at a Moon landing failed at the last minute when the craft suffered an engine failure as it prepared to land and crashed onto the lunar surface.

During the broadcast, control staff could be heard saying that engines meant to slow the craft's descent and allow a soft landing had failed and contact with it had been lost.

Till now only Russia, the United States and China have made the 384,000-kilometre (239,000-mile) journey and landed safely on the Moon.

India hopes to become the next lunar country with its<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/how-is-chandrayaan-2-different-from-chandrayaan-1-248002"> Chandrayaan-2 mission</a>&nbsp;and to put a craft with a Rover onto the Moon's surface to collect data.

India's ambitious lunar mission Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to make a "soft landing" on the surface of the Moon on the intervening night of Friday and Saturday between 1:30 am to 2:30 am(IST).

India's ambitious lunar mission Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to make a "soft landing" on the surface of the Moon on the intervening night of Friday and Saturday between 1:30 am to 2:30 am(IST). This will be followed by the Rover roll out between 5:30 am to 6:30 am, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) stated. A 'soft landing' takes place when a spacecraft lands intact on the lunar surface and does not, intentionally or otherwise, crash. The Moon Lander Vikram which separated from its orbiting mothership has already performed two manoeuvres to lower its altitude for a perfect touchdown. It will carry out research on the surface of the Moon by mapping its resources looking for the presence of water and clicking high-resolution images. Watch Video: On April 11, Israel attempted a soft landing near the lunar South Pole of the Moon. The Israeli craft, however, faced problems during its landing and crashed on the Moon. Israel's attempt at a Moon landing failed at the last minute when the craft suffered an engine failure as it prepared to land and crashed onto the lunar surface. During the broadcast, control staff could be heard saying that engines meant to slow the craft's descent and allow a soft landing had failed and contact with it had been lost. Till now only Russia, the United States and China have made the 384,000-kilometre (239,000-mile) journey and landed safely on the Moon. India hopes to become the next lunar country with its Chandrayaan-2 mission and to put a craft with a Rover onto the Moon's surface to collect data.

Chandrayaan-2: What is 'soft landing' on the Moon?

Chandrayaan-2 touchdown tonight: Here's why ISRO went after Moon's unexplored South Pole

Hours before India's ambitious lunar mission <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/all-eyes-on-indias-ambitious-lunar-mission-chandrayaan-2-touch-down-tonight-247882">Chandrayaan-2</a>'s soft landing on the surface of the moon, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Friday posted a humorous message on Twitter featuring the spacecraft's Lunar Orbiter extending good wishes to the Lander ahead of the historic moment.

"It was great travelling with you so far Vikram. Best of luck! I hope you reach the South Pole soon," the Lunar Orbiter says while releasing Lander Vikram. To this Vikram replies, "It was quite the journey indeed! I'll see you around - in the orbit."

"We have the same wishes for Vikram, Orbiter. Want to stay in touch with Vikram and Pragyan as they make their way to the untouched lunar South Pole and uncover its many mysteries? Then keep an eye out for the next edition of CY2 Chronicles!," the ISRO tweeted.

The Lander Vikram of <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-a-milestone-for-the-entire-world-former-nasa-astronaut-247874">Chandrayaan-2</a> is named after Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the father of the Indian Space Programme. It is designed to function for one lunar day, which is equivalent to about 14 Earth days.

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We have the same wishes for Vikram, Orbiter. 
Want to stay in touch with Vikram and Pragyan as they make their way to the untouched lunar South Pole and uncover its many mysteries? Then keep an eye out for the next edition of <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/CY2Chronicles?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#CY2Chronicles</a>! <a href="https://t.co/2iA8W2lxtR">pic.twitter.com/2iA8W2lxtR</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1169815188972826625?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 6, 2019</a></blockquote>
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Vikram has the capability to communicate with Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) at Byalalu near Bangalore, as well as with the orbiter and rover. While the Lander weighing 1,471 kg is designed to execute a soft landing on the lunar surface, the Rover, a 6-wheeled robotic vehicle named Pragyan, can travel up to 500 m and it leverages solar energy for its functioning.

It can only communicate with the Lander, which was separated from the orbiter on September 2 at 1.15 pm, entering a descending orbit around the Moon.

Pragyan is housed inside the Lander Vikram and it will roll out and deliver scientific payloads to conduct surface and subsurface experiments.

The lander is expected to touch down near the South Pole of the Moon in the early hours of Saturday morning.

With this, India will become the first country to land close to the lunar South Pole on its first attempt.Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be at the ISRO around midnight to watch the event.

Over 60 high school students across the country who cleared an online space quiz last month will watch the soft landing of the mission with the Prime Minister.

The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft will be the first Indian expedition to carry out a soft landing on the lunar surface.

This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to conduct a soft landing on the moon.After revolving around the Earth's orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14.

The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22.India's second mission to the moon was approved by the cabinet in September 2008, just before the launch of Chandrayaan 1.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Hours before India's ambitious lunar mission Chandrayaan-2's soft landing on the surface of the moon, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Friday posted a humorous message on Twitter featuring the spacecraft's Lunar Orbiter extending good wishes to the Lander ahead of the historic moment.

Hours before India's ambitious lunar mission Chandrayaan-2's soft landing on the surface of the moon, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Friday posted a humorous message on Twitter featuring the spacecraft's Lunar Orbiter extending good wishes to the Lander ahead of the historic moment. "It was great travelling with you so far Vikram. Best of luck! I hope you reach the South Pole soon," the Lunar Orbiter says while releasing Lander Vikram. To this Vikram replies, "It was quite the journey indeed! I'll see you around - in the orbit." "We have the same wishes for Vikram, Orbiter. Want to stay in touch with Vikram and Pragyan as they make their way to the untouched lunar South Pole and uncover its many mysteries? Then keep an eye out for the next edition of CY2 Chronicles!," the ISRO tweeted. The Lander Vikram of Chandrayaan-2 is named after Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the father of the Indian Space Programme. It is designed to function for one lunar day, which is equivalent to about 14 Earth days. We have the same wishes for Vikram, Orbiter. Want to stay in touch with Vikram and Pragyan as they make their way to the untouched lunar South Pole and uncover its many mysteries? Then keep an eye out for the next edition of #CY2Chronicles! pic.twitter.com/2iA8W2lxtR — ISRO (@isro) September 6, 2019 × Vikram has the capability to communicate with Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) at Byalalu near Bangalore, as well as with the orbiter and rover. While the Lander weighing 1,471 kg is designed to execute a soft landing on the lunar surface, the Rover, a 6-wheeled robotic vehicle named Pragyan, can travel up to 500 m and it leverages solar energy for its functioning. It can only communicate with the Lander, which was separated from the orbiter on September 2 at 1.15 pm, entering a descending orbit around the Moon. Pragyan is housed inside the Lander Vikram and it will roll out and deliver scientific payloads to conduct surface and subsurface experiments. The lander is expected to touch down near the South Pole of the Moon in the early hours of Saturday morning. With this, India will become the first country to land close to the lunar South Pole on its first attempt.Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be at the ISRO around midnight to watch the event. Over 60 high school students across the country who cleared an online space quiz last month will watch the soft landing of the mission with the Prime Minister. The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft will be the first Indian expedition to carry out a soft landing on the lunar surface. This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to conduct a soft landing on the moon.After revolving around the Earth's orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14. The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22.India's second mission to the moon was approved by the cabinet in September 2008, just before the launch of Chandrayaan 1.

Mission Chandrayaan-2: In ISRO's cartoon, Vikram and Orbiter extend good wishes to each other

India's lunar mission Chandrayaan-2 is all set to make its soft landing on the moon. Mission has completed all of its de-orbiting maneuvers. Landing on the moon is expected on September 7. Watch this video to know more.

Chandrayaan-2 completes second maneuver, Vikram lander ready for descent

Chandrayaan-2 successfully performed its first de-orbiting manoeuvre on Tuesday bringing the mission one step closer to landing on the moon.&nbsp;

The four-second long manoeuvre was performed using the onboard propulsion system at 8:50 am (IST), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said in a statement.

"The orbit of Vikram Lander is 104 km x 128 km. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter continues to orbit the Moon in the existing orbit and both the Orbiter and Lander are healthy," the statement added.&nbsp;

The next de-orbiting manoeuvre is scheduled between 3:30 and 4:30 am (IST) on September 4.&nbsp;

Earlier on Monday, the Vikram Lander had successfully separated from the Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter.&nbsp;

The spacecraft will be the first Indian expedition to carry out a soft landing on the lunar surface.&nbsp;This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to conduct a soft landing on the moon.&nbsp;

After revolving around the Earth's orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14.&nbsp;

The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22 and is expected to land on September 7.

Chandrayaan-2 successfully performed its first de-orbiting manoeuvre on Tuesday bringing the mission one step closer to landing on the moon. The four-second long manoeuvre was performed using the onboard propulsion system at 8:50 am (IST), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said in a statement.

Chandrayaan-2 successfully performed its first de-orbiting manoeuvre on Tuesday bringing the mission one step closer to landing on the moon. The four-second long manoeuvre was performed using the onboard propulsion system at 8:50 am (IST), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said in a statement. "The orbit of Vikram Lander is 104 km x 128 km. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter continues to orbit the Moon in the existing orbit and both the Orbiter and Lander are healthy," the statement added. The next de-orbiting manoeuvre is scheduled between 3:30 and 4:30 am (IST) on September 4. Earlier on Monday, the Vikram Lander had successfully separated from the Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter. The spacecraft will be the first Indian expedition to carry out a soft landing on the lunar surface. This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to conduct a soft landing on the moon. After revolving around the Earth's orbit for nearly 23 days, the craft began its journey to the moon on August 14. The mission took off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 22 and is expected to land on September 7.

Chandrayaan-2 performs first de-orbiting manoeuvre: ISRO

By Nicholas Borroz

India’s Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft has settled into lunar orbit, ahead of its scheduled Moon landing on September 7. If it succeeds India will join a very select club, now comprising the former Soviet Union, the United States and China.

As with all previous Moon missions, national prestige is a big part of India’s Moon shot. But there are some colder calculations behind it as well. Space is poised to become a much bigger business, and both companies and countries are investing in the technological capability to ensure they reap the earthly rewards.

Last year private investment in space-related technology skyrocketed to $3.25 billion, according to the London-based Seraphim Capital – a 29 per cent increase on the previous year.

The list of interested governments is also growing. Along with China and India joining the lunar A-list, in the past decade eight countries have founded space agencies – Australia, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.

Of prime interest is carving out a piece of the market for making and launching commercial payloads. As much as we already depend on satellites now, this dependence will only grow.

In 2018 382 objects were launched into space. By 2040 it might easily be double that, with companies like Amazon planning “constellations”, composed of thousands of satellites, to provide telecommunication services.

The satellite business is just a start. The next big prize will be technology for “in-situ resource utilisation” – using materials from space for space operations. One example is extracting water from the Moon (which could also be split to provide oxygen and hydrogen-based rocket fuel). NASA’s administrator, Jim Bridenstine, has suggested Australian agencies and companies could play a key role in this.

All up, the potential gains from a slice of the space economy are huge. It is estimated the space economy could grow from about $350 billion now to more than US$1 trillion (and as possibly as much $2,700 billion) in 2040.

Launch affordability

At the height of its Apollo program to land on the Moon, NASA got more than 4 per cent of the US federal budget. As NASA gears up to return to the Moon and then go to Mars, its budget share is about 0.5 per cent.

In space money has most definitely become an object. But it’s a constraint that’s spurring innovation and opening up economic opportunities.

NASA pulled the pin on its space shuttle program in 2011 when the expected efficiencies of a resusable launch vehicle failed to pan out. Since then it has bought seats on Russian Soyuz rockets to get its astronauts into space. It is now paying SpaceX, the company founded by electric car king Elon Musk, to deliver space cargo.

SpaceX’s stellar trajectory, having entered the business a little more than a decade ago, demonstrates the possibilities for new players.

To get something into orbit using the space shuttle cost about $54,500 a kilogram. SpaceX says the cost of its Falcon 9 rocket and reuseable Dragon spacecraft is about $2,700 a kilogram. With costs falling, the space economy is poised to boom.

Choosing a niche

As the space economy grows, it’s likely different countries will come to occupy different niches. Specialisation will be the key to success, as happens for all industries.

In the hydrocarbon industry, for instance, some countries extract while others process. In the computer industry, some countries design while others manufacture. There will be similar niches in space. Governments’ policies will play a big part in determining which nation fills which niche.

There are three ways to think about niches.

First, function. A country could focus on space mining, for instance, or space observation. It could act as a space communication hub, or specialise in developing space-based weapons.

Luxembourg is an example of functional specialisation. Despite its small size, it punches above its weight in the satellite industry. Another example is Russia, which for now has a monopoly on transporting astronauts to the International Space Station.

Second, value-adding. A national economy can focus on lower or higher value-add processes. In telecommunications, for example, much of the design work is done in the United States, while much of the manufacturing happens in China. Both roles have benefits and drawbacks.

Third, blocs. Global production networks sometimes fragment. One can already see the potential for this happening between the United States and China. If it occurs, other countries must either align with one bloc or remain neutral.

Aligning with a large power ensures patronage, but also dependence. Being between blocs has its risks, but also provides opportunities to gain from each bloc and act as an intermediary.

The first space race, between the Soviet Union and the United States, was singularly driven by political will and government policy. The new space race is more complex, with private players taking the lead in many ways, but government priorities and policy are still crucial. They will determine which countries reach the heights, and which get left behind.

(Nicholas Borroz is PhD candidate in international business and comparative political economy, University of Auckland)

(This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/india-has-it-right-nations-either-aim-for-the-moon-or-get-left-behind-in-the-space-economy-121497">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)&nbsp;&nbsp;

By Nicholas Borroz India’s Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft has settled into lunar orbit, ahead of its scheduled Moon landing on September 7. If it succeeds India will join a very select club, now comprising the former Soviet Union, the United States and China.

By Nicholas Borroz India’s Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft has settled into lunar orbit, ahead of its scheduled Moon landing on September 7. If it succeeds India will join a very select club, now comprising the former Soviet Union, the United States and China. As with all previous Moon missions, national prestige is a big part of India’s Moon shot. But there are some colder calculations behind it as well. Space is poised to become a much bigger business, and both companies and countries are investing in the technological capability to ensure they reap the earthly rewards. Last year private investment in space-related technology skyrocketed to $3.25 billion, according to the London-based Seraphim Capital – a 29 per cent increase on the previous year. The list of interested governments is also growing. Along with China and India joining the lunar A-list, in the past decade eight countries have founded space agencies – Australia, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. Of prime interest is carving out a piece of the market for making and launching commercial payloads. As much as we already depend on satellites now, this dependence will only grow. In 2018 382 objects were launched into space. By 2040 it might easily be double that, with companies like Amazon planning “constellations”, composed of thousands of satellites, to provide telecommunication services. The satellite business is just a start. The next big prize will be technology for “in-situ resource utilisation” – using materials from space for space operations. One example is extracting water from the Moon (which could also be split to provide oxygen and hydrogen-based rocket fuel). NASA’s administrator, Jim Bridenstine, has suggested Australian agencies and companies could play a key role in this. All up, the potential gains from a slice of the space economy are huge. It is estimated the space economy could grow from about $350 billion now to more than US$1 trillion (and as possibly as much $2,700 billion) in 2040. Launch affordability At the height of its Apollo program to land on the Moon, NASA got more than 4 per cent of the US federal budget. As NASA gears up to return to the Moon and then go to Mars, its budget share is about 0.5 per cent. In space money has most definitely become an object. But it’s a constraint that’s spurring innovation and opening up economic opportunities. NASA pulled the pin on its space shuttle program in 2011 when the expected efficiencies of a resusable launch vehicle failed to pan out. Since then it has bought seats on Russian Soyuz rockets to get its astronauts into space. It is now paying SpaceX, the company founded by electric car king Elon Musk, to deliver space cargo. SpaceX’s stellar trajectory, having entered the business a little more than a decade ago, demonstrates the possibilities for new players. To get something into orbit using the space shuttle cost about $54,500 a kilogram. SpaceX says the cost of its Falcon 9 rocket and reuseable Dragon spacecraft is about $2,700 a kilogram. With costs falling, the space economy is poised to boom. Choosing a niche As the space economy grows, it’s likely different countries will come to occupy different niches. Specialisation will be the key to success, as happens for all industries. In the hydrocarbon industry, for instance, some countries extract while others process. In the computer industry, some countries design while others manufacture. There will be similar niches in space. Governments’ policies will play a big part in determining which nation fills which niche. There are three ways to think about niches. First, function. A country could focus on space mining, for instance, or space observation. It could act as a space communication hub, or specialise in developing space-based weapons. Luxembourg is an example of functional specialisation. Despite its small size, it punches above its weight in the satellite industry. Another example is Russia, which for now has a monopoly on transporting astronauts to the International Space Station. Second, value-adding. A national economy can focus on lower or higher value-add processes. In telecommunications, for example, much of the design work is done in the United States, while much of the manufacturing happens in China. Both roles have benefits and drawbacks. Third, blocs. Global production networks sometimes fragment. One can already see the potential for this happening between the United States and China. If it occurs, other countries must either align with one bloc or remain neutral. Aligning with a large power ensures patronage, but also dependence. Being between blocs has its risks, but also provides opportunities to gain from each bloc and act as an intermediary. The first space race, between the Soviet Union and the United States, was singularly driven by political will and government policy. The new space race is more complex, with private players taking the lead in many ways, but government priorities and policy are still crucial. They will determine which countries reach the heights, and which get left behind. (Nicholas Borroz is PhD candidate in international business and comparative political economy, University of Auckland) (This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

India has it right: Nations either aim for the Moon or get left behind in the space economy

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) released the first image of Moon captured by Chandrayaan 2.

The image was captured at the height of about 2650 kilometres from the lunar surface on August 21, 2019. Mare Orientale basin and Apollo craters of Moon are identified in the picture.

ISRO chief K Sivan on Tuesday announced that Chandrayaan 2 had successfully <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/important-step-in-landmark-journey-to-moon-pm-modi-on-chandrayaan-2-entering-lunar-orbit-244403">entered the lunar orbit</a> and its soft landing on the moon will take place on September 7.

The Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) manoeuvre which took a little over 28 minutes was completed at 9:02 am.

Chandrayaan will attempt to make a landing on the moon next month.

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
ISRO: First Moon image captured by <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan2</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/VikramLander?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#VikramLander</a> taken at a height of about 2650 km from Lunar surface on August 21, 2019. Mare Orientale basin and Apollo craters are identified in the picture. <a href="https://t.co/eKTncvjexT">pic.twitter.com/eKTncvjexT</a>
— ANI (@ANI) <a href="https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1164536867951456257?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 22, 2019</a></blockquote>
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Chandrayaan-2 will explore a region of the moon where no mission has ever set foot. The spacecraft consists of an orbiter, a lander, and a rover together referred to as "composite body".

The spacecraft will be the first Indian expedition to attempt a soft landing on the lunar surface. This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to carry out a soft landing on the moon.&nbsp;

PM Modi congratulated ISRO&nbsp;on Chandrayaan 2 entering the moon's orbit.

In a tweet, Modi said this was an important step in the landmark journey to the moon.

"Congratulations to Team ISRO on Chandrayaan 2 entering the moon's orbit. This is an important step in the landmark journey to the moon. Best wishes for its successful culmination," the Prime Minister said.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) released the first image of Moon captured by Chandrayaan 2. The image was captured at the height of about 2650 kilometres from the lunar surface on August 21, 2019.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) released the first image of Moon captured by Chandrayaan 2. The image was captured at the height of about 2650 kilometres from the lunar surface on August 21, 2019. Mare Orientale basin and Apollo craters of Moon are identified in the picture. ISRO chief K Sivan on Tuesday announced that Chandrayaan 2 had successfully entered the lunar orbit and its soft landing on the moon will take place on September 7. The Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) manoeuvre which took a little over 28 minutes was completed at 9:02 am. Chandrayaan will attempt to make a landing on the moon next month. ISRO: First Moon image captured by #Chandrayaan2 #VikramLander taken at a height of about 2650 km from Lunar surface on August 21, 2019. Mare Orientale basin and Apollo craters are identified in the picture. pic.twitter.com/eKTncvjexT — ANI (@ANI) August 22, 2019 × Chandrayaan-2 will explore a region of the moon where no mission has ever set foot. The spacecraft consists of an orbiter, a lander, and a rover together referred to as "composite body". The spacecraft will be the first Indian expedition to attempt a soft landing on the lunar surface. This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to carry out a soft landing on the moon. PM Modi congratulated ISRO on Chandrayaan 2 entering the moon's orbit. In a tweet, Modi said this was an important step in the landmark journey to the moon. "Congratulations to Team ISRO on Chandrayaan 2 entering the moon's orbit. This is an important step in the landmark journey to the moon. Best wishes for its successful culmination," the Prime Minister said.

ISRO releases first image of Moon captured by Chandrayaan-2

ISRO Chairperson K Sivan on Tuesday addressed the media after India's second moon mission <a href="http://cms.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-successfully-completes-lunar-orbit-insertion-maneuver-244285">Chandrayaan-2</a> successfully entered&nbsp;Moon's orbit today, completing a key stage ahead of its scheduled landing on Moon on September 7.

"Chandrayaan-2 mission crossed a major milestone today, the precise lunar orbit insertion maneuver was carried out at 9 am for about 30 minutes and Chandrayaan 2 was precisely inserted in the defined orbit," said ISRO chief K Sivan.

Talking about the execution of the mission Sivan said that the success rate of soft landings is only 37%. But we are confident about our landing mission. We have done everything humanly possible.

On September 7, the Vikram Lander will make a soft landing on the Moon at 1:55 AM.

Earlier today, Chandrayaan-2 successfully completed Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) manoeuvre&nbsp;at 9:02am. With this, Chandrayaan-2 has&nbsp;successfully inserted into the moon's orbit.

ISRO also informed that all the systems of Chandrayaan-2 are healthy.The next Lunar bound manoeuvre is scheduled on August 21.

On July 22,&nbsp;India had launched a rocket into space&nbsp;in a bid to perform a soft landing of a rover on the moon, the country's most ambitious mission which cements its position as a leading low-cost space power.

The Rs 978 crore ($137 million) mission, if successful, will enable India to carry out studies on the presence of water on the south pole of the moon. Only the United States, Russia and China have been on the moon.

(With inputs from agencies)

ISRO Chairperson K Sivan on Tuesday addressed the media after India's second moon mission Chandrayaan-2 successfully entered Moon's orbit today, completing a key stage ahead of its scheduled landing on Moon on September 7.

ISRO Chairperson K Sivan on Tuesday addressed the media after India's second moon mission Chandrayaan-2 successfully entered Moon's orbit today, completing a key stage ahead of its scheduled landing on Moon on September 7. "Chandrayaan-2 mission crossed a major milestone today, the precise lunar orbit insertion maneuver was carried out at 9 am for about 30 minutes and Chandrayaan 2 was precisely inserted in the defined orbit," said ISRO chief K Sivan. Talking about the execution of the mission Sivan said that the success rate of soft landings is only 37%. But we are confident about our landing mission. We have done everything humanly possible. On September 7, the Vikram Lander will make a soft landing on the Moon at 1:55 AM. Earlier today, Chandrayaan-2 successfully completed Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) manoeuvre at 9:02am. With this, Chandrayaan-2 has successfully inserted into the moon's orbit. ISRO also informed that all the systems of Chandrayaan-2 are healthy.The next Lunar bound manoeuvre is scheduled on August 21. On July 22, India had launched a rocket into space in a bid to perform a soft landing of a rover on the moon, the country's most ambitious mission which cements its position as a leading low-cost space power. The Rs 978 crore ($137 million) mission, if successful, will enable India to carry out studies on the presence of water on the south pole of the moon. Only the United States, Russia and China have been on the moon. (With inputs from agencies)

Chandrayaan-2 crossed a major milestone, now orbiting the moon: ISRO chief

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/hong-kong-airport-resumes-flights-after-clashes-mass-protests-242850">Hong Kong airport resumes flights after clashes, mass protests</a>

Hong Kong's airport resumed operations on Wednesday, rescheduling hundreds of flights that had been disrupted over the past two days as protesters clashed with riot police in a deepening crisis in the Chinese-controlled city.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/facebook-paid-contractors-to-transcribe-users-audio-report-242853">Facebook paid contractors to transcribe users' audio: Report</a>

Facebook Inc&nbsp;has been paying outside contractors to transcribe audio clips from users of its services, Bloomberg reported on Tuesday, citing people familiar with the matter. The company confirmed that it had been transcribing users' audio and said it was no longer doing so, Bloomberg reported.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/pakistan-asks-un-security-council-to-meet-over-india-moves-in-kashmir-242852">Pakistan asks UN Security Council to meet over India moves in Kashmir</a>

Pakistan&nbsp;on Tuesday asked the&nbsp;United Nations Security Council&nbsp;to meet over India's decision to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, the Himalayan region that has long been a flashpoint in ties between the nuclear-armed neighbours.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/free-balochistan-movement-marks-independence-day-of-balochistan-242873">Free Balochistan movement marks Independence Day of Balochistan</a>

Free Balochistan Movement (FBM) organised a seminar in London to mark the Independence Day of Baloch. It was attended by members of several Baloch and non-Baloch political parties including Baloch Republican Party (BRP), Balochistan National Movement (Zrombesh), Balochistan People Party, Nation without States, Arab Front for The liberation of ALahwaz, Campaign against Criminalizing Communities and 15 April Movement for Liberation of Al- Ahwaz.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-successfully-enters-lunar-transfer-trajectory-242851">Chandrayaan-2 successfully enters Lunar Transfer Trajectory</a>

Chandrayaan-2 headed onwards on its path to the moon after the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) early Wednesday successfully carried out a crucial process to manoeuvre India's second lunar probe out of the earth's orbit.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Hong Kong airport resumes flights after clashes, mass protests Hong Kong's airport resumed operations on Wednesday, rescheduling hundreds of flights that had been disrupted over the past two days as protesters clashed with riot police in a deepening crisis in the Chinese-controlled city.

Hong Kong airport resumes flights after clashes, mass protests Hong Kong's airport resumed operations on Wednesday, rescheduling hundreds of flights that had been disrupted over the past two days as protesters clashed with riot police in a deepening crisis in the Chinese-controlled city. Facebook paid contractors to transcribe users' audio: Report Facebook Inc has been paying outside contractors to transcribe audio clips from users of its services, Bloomberg reported on Tuesday, citing people familiar with the matter. The company confirmed that it had been transcribing users' audio and said it was no longer doing so, Bloomberg reported. Pakistan asks UN Security Council to meet over India moves in Kashmir Pakistan on Tuesday asked the United Nations Security Council to meet over India's decision to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, the Himalayan region that has long been a flashpoint in ties between the nuclear-armed neighbours. Free Balochistan movement marks Independence Day of Balochistan Free Balochistan Movement (FBM) organised a seminar in London to mark the Independence Day of Baloch. It was attended by members of several Baloch and non-Baloch political parties including Baloch Republican Party (BRP), Balochistan National Movement (Zrombesh), Balochistan People Party, Nation without States, Arab Front for The liberation of ALahwaz, Campaign against Criminalizing Communities and 15 April Movement for Liberation of Al- Ahwaz. Chandrayaan-2 successfully enters Lunar Transfer Trajectory Chandrayaan-2 headed onwards on its path to the moon after the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) early Wednesday successfully carried out a crucial process to manoeuvre India's second lunar probe out of the earth's orbit.

News brief: Big stories of the day

The first earthbound orbit-raising manoeuvre for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully on Wednesday, according to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

The manoeuvre was performed at 2:52 pm as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of 57 seconds.

The second orbit raising manoeuvre is scheduled on July 26 at 1:09 am, the space agency said.

A Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mark III, carrying the Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft, had lifted off at 2.43 pm on Monday from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

This came exactly a week after the mission was aborted following the detection of a technical glitch less than an hour before the launch.

In the run-up to the launch, the ISRO, on its Twitter handle, put out regular updates about preparations.

Chandrayaan-2 will explore a region of the moon where no mission has ever set foot.&nbsp;

The spacecraft consists of an orbiter, a lander and a rover together referred to as "composite body".&nbsp;

The landing on the moon`s south polar region is expected on September 6 this year.

The spacecraft will be the first Indian expedition to attempt a soft landing on the lunar surface.

This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to carry out a soft landing on the moon.&nbsp;

The first earthbound orbit-raising manoeuvre for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully on Wednesday, according to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

The first earthbound orbit-raising manoeuvre for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully on Wednesday, according to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The manoeuvre was performed at 2:52 pm as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of 57 seconds. The second orbit raising manoeuvre is scheduled on July 26 at 1:09 am, the space agency said. A Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mark III, carrying the Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft, had lifted off at 2.43 pm on Monday from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. This came exactly a week after the mission was aborted following the detection of a technical glitch less than an hour before the launch. In the run-up to the launch, the ISRO, on its Twitter handle, put out regular updates about preparations. Chandrayaan-2 will explore a region of the moon where no mission has ever set foot. The spacecraft consists of an orbiter, a lander and a rover together referred to as "composite body". The landing on the moon`s south polar region is expected on September 6 this year. The spacecraft will be the first Indian expedition to attempt a soft landing on the lunar surface. This mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to carry out a soft landing on the moon.

First earth bound orbit-raising maneuver for Chandrayaan-2 successfully performed

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