Al Qaeda’s Brigade 313 was the subject of a question to former Pakistani ambassador, bringing back interest in the shadowy terror group active for decades in the South Asian country. A Sky News journalist put Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) Vice President Sherry Rehman on the defensive with a question on the group. Sherry Rehman, a former Pakistan envoy to the US, acknowledged the past activities of terrorists in the country. But the truth is, Brigade 313, which is basically al Qaeda's operational wing, is still active in the region, including in India.&nbsp;So, what is the Brigade 313? Here is what you probably didn't know.<h2> Brigade 313: Pakistan-based military arm of Al Qaeda in the region</h2> Brigade 313 is the key operational unit under Al Qaeda’s Lashkar al-Zil or Shadow Army, which oversees its terror activities along the Afghan-Pakistani border and across the border into India.&nbsp;Rather than a singular entity, it is a loose coalition of terrorists from various jihadist groups and includes former Pakistani soldiers and intelligence officials.&nbsp;Its activities have been reported from Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Balochistan, as well as the cities of Karachi and Lahore. It is also known to outsource its operations to rebranded groups like the Resistance Front (TRF) and People’s Anti-Fascist Front (PAFF) which are active in India's Jaummu and Kashmir.It should be noted that TRF, an offshoot of LeT, was behind the Pahalgam terror attack of April 22.&nbsp;<h2>Why is it called Brigade 313?</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;Formed in the early 2000s, the group is named after the 313 companions who fought alongside the Prophet Muhammad during the Battle of Badr. Brigade 313 draws its members from various jihadist groups such as the Taliban, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI), Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and Jundallah. Ideologically, Brigade 313 follows al Qaeda’s Salafi-jihadist view, and concentrates mainly on attacing US and Pakistani state assets. It is seen as supporting al Qaeda’s broader strategy for Afghanistan, India, and beyond. &nbsp;<h2>Who are the leaders of &nbsp;Brigade 313?</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Ilyas Kashmiri, a former Pakistani Special Services Group commando, was the founding leader of Brigade 313. A senior commander of al Qaeda, he also led Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI) and was a key figure of al Qaeda’s Lashkar al-Zil.&nbsp;Designated a terrorist by the US in 2010 and added to the UN’s 1267 Committee list, Kashmiri organised attacks in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh.&nbsp;He was involved in the 2009 Najibullah Zazi suicide attack plan in New York City, and the Jyllands-Posten newspaper attack plot in Denmark over its publication of Prophet Muhammad cartoons. &nbsp;Kashmiri was reportedly killed in a US drone strike in Wana, South Waziristan, in June 2011. But his death is shrouded in mystery, given his links to Pakistan’s spy agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).&nbsp;Since Kashmiri's exit, Shah Sahib became the leader of Brigade 313. Under the newly revamped Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), the group continued to conduct attacks, which were often outsourced to other jihadist groups.<h2> From assassinations to suicide attacks: Brigade 313 terror trail</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Over the past two decades, Brigade 313 conducted several attacks in coordination with other terror groups, even as it maintained a low profile. These attacks took place in Pakistan, Afghanistan and India.&nbsp;These included the failed assassination attempt in 2003 on the then-president Pervez Musharraf.Kashmiri, who was involved in the attack, was held by Pakistani authorities but was released in February 2004, apparently due to his ISI links.&nbsp;In 2008, Brigade 313 was involved in the assassination of Maj Gen Faisal Alvi, a retired Pakistani SSG commander. Alvi was reportedly killed after threatening to expose Pakistani officials’ ties to the Taliban.&nbsp;Among the most dastardly attacks of Brigade 313 was the 2009 assault on Army General Headquarters in Rawalpindi that killed at least 17.&nbsp;The same year, it carried out a suicide attack targeting government and security installations in Khost province of Afghanistan.&nbsp;In 2011, to avenge the killing of al Qaeda chief Osama bin Laden, the group attacked a Pakistani Navy base in Karachi. The attack and hostage-taking led to 14 deaths.&nbsp;<h2>Brigade 313 and Pakistani military-intelligence links</h2>&nbsp;It has been reported that Brigade 313 has ties to Pakistan’s military and intelligence services.It has a certain amount of sophistication in operations, having launched its own website, which included a forum and blog for propaganda, statements and recruitment. Brigade 313 has promoted, aided, abetted and orchestrated attacks by other terror groups like HUJI, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Jundallah, and the Taliban. It is thought to be continuing its operations while keeping a low profile, and operating across Pakistan states borders with Afghanistan and India.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Brigade 313 is the key operational unit under Al Qaeda’s Lashkar al-Zil or Shadow Army, which oversees its terror activities along the Afghan-Pakistani border and across the border into India.



Al Qaeda’s Brigade 313 was the subject of a question to former Pakistani ambassador, bringing back interest in the shadowy terror group active for decades in the South Asian country. A Sky News journalist put Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) Vice President Sherry Rehman on the defensive with a question on the group. Sherry Rehman, a former Pakistan envoy to the US, acknowledged the past activities of terrorists in the country. But the truth is, Brigade 313, which is basically al Qaeda's operational wing, is still active in the region, including in India. So, what is the Brigade 313? Here is what you probably didn't know. Brigade 313: Pakistan-based military arm of Al Qaeda in the region Brigade 313 is the key operational unit under Al Qaeda’s Lashkar al-Zil or Shadow Army, which oversees its terror activities along the Afghan-Pakistani border and across the border into India. Rather than a singular entity, it is a loose coalition of terrorists from various jihadist groups and includes former Pakistani soldiers and intelligence officials. Its activities have been reported from Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Balochistan, as well as the cities of Karachi and Lahore. It is also known to outsource its operations to rebranded groups like the Resistance Front (TRF) and People’s Anti-Fascist Front (PAFF) which are active in India's Jaummu and Kashmir. It should be noted that TRF, an offshoot of LeT, was behind the Pahalgam terror attack of April 22. Why is it called Brigade 313? Formed in the early 2000s, the group is named after the 313 companions who fought alongside the Prophet Muhammad during the Battle of Badr. Brigade 313 draws its members from various jihadist groups such as the Taliban, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI), Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and Jundallah. Ideologically, Brigade 313 follows al Qaeda’s Salafi-jihadist view, and concentrates mainly on attacing US and Pakistani state assets. It is seen as supporting al Qaeda’s broader strategy for Afghanistan, India, and beyond. Who are the leaders of Brigade 313? Ilyas Kashmiri, a former Pakistani Special Services Group commando, was the founding leader of Brigade 313. A senior commander of al Qaeda, he also led Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI) and was a key figure of al Qaeda’s Lashkar al-Zil. Designated a terrorist by the US in 2010 and added to the UN’s 1267 Committee list, Kashmiri organised attacks in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh. He was involved in the 2009 Najibullah Zazi suicide attack plan in New York City, and the Jyllands-Posten newspaper attack plot in Denmark over its publication of Prophet Muhammad cartoons. Kashmiri was reportedly killed in a US drone strike in Wana, South Waziristan, in June 2011. But his death is shrouded in mystery, given his links to Pakistan’s spy agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Since Kashmiri's exit, Shah Sahib became the leader of Brigade 313. Under the newly revamped Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), the group continued to conduct attacks, which were often outsourced to other jihadist groups. From assassinations to suicide attacks: Brigade 313 terror trail Over the past two decades, Brigade 313 conducted several attacks in coordination with other terror groups, even as it maintained a low profile. These attacks took place in Pakistan, Afghanistan and India. These included the failed assassination attempt in 2003 on the then-president Pervez Musharraf. Kashmiri, who was involved in the attack, was held by Pakistani authorities but was released in February 2004, apparently due to his ISI links. In 2008, Brigade 313 was involved in the assassination of Maj Gen Faisal Alvi, a retired Pakistani SSG commander. Alvi was reportedly killed after threatening to expose Pakistani officials’ ties to the Taliban. Among the most dastardly attacks of Brigade 313 was the 2009 assault on Army General Headquarters in Rawalpindi that killed at least 17. The same year, it carried out a suicide attack targeting government and security installations in Khost province of Afghanistan. In 2011, to avenge the killing of al Qaeda chief Osama bin Laden, the group attacked a Pakistani Navy base in Karachi. The attack and hostage-taking led to 14 deaths. Brigade 313 and Pakistani military-intelligence links It has been reported that Brigade 313 has ties to Pakistan’s military and intelligence services. It has a certain amount of sophistication in operations, having launched its own website, which included a forum and blog for propaganda, statements and recruitment. Brigade 313 has promoted, aided, abetted and orchestrated attacks by other terror groups like HUJI, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Jundallah, and the Taliban. It is thought to be continuing its operations while keeping a low profile, and operating across Pakistan states borders with Afghanistan and India.

The truth is, Brigade 313, which is basically al Qaeda's operational wing, is still active in the region, including in India, where it is linked to terror attacks in Jammu and Kashmir.&nbsp;

Al Qaeda’s Brigade 313: Shadowy terror group in Pakistan linked to Kashmir attacks, assassinations and more | What you didn't know

US President Donald Trump deployed the National Guard into Los Angeles to end the ongoing violent protests against his immigration crackdown. This has pitted the western California state, of which LA is the largest city, against the federal government. California is the richest state in the US and cannot be antagonised by any federal government. Its economy is bigger than several US states combined, and surpasses the economies of even some countries.&nbsp;Amid the sharp focus on Los Angeles protests, here is a look at the economic importance of California for the US.&nbsp;<h2>California’s economy is the biggest in the US</h2>&nbsp;The nominal GDP of California for 2024 was $4.103 trillion, making it the largest economy among the US states.&nbsp;This is in fact nearly the combined GDP of the next few states' GDP: Texas is at $2.6 tn, New York at $2 tn and Florida at $1.6 tn, according to recent available data.&nbsp;This means that the rich western state accounts for more than 14 per cent of the total GDP of the US.&nbsp;Having achieved this with only 12 per cent of the national population, California continues to hold a disproportionate economic might in the US.&nbsp;<h2>California's economy is bigger than some countries'</h2> It is a well-known fact that if California were a country, it would be the fourth-largest economy in the world, just behind the US ($29.18 tn), China ($18.74 tn), and Germany ($4.65 tn).&nbsp;Its economy would be ahead of Japan and India too.&nbsp;The per capita GDP of California, estimated to be around $85,340, surpasses that of most large economies.<h2> From tech industry to Hollywood and everything in between: What powers California's economy?</h2> &nbsp;&nbsp;The state is home to the tech mecca of Silicon Valley in the north, and the entertainment industry hub of Hollywood in the south. These and other high-revenue industries are the reason behind its wealth. Most of the world's top tech companies are headquartered in California, including Google parent Alphabet, Apple, Facebook parent Meta, IBM, Intel and Nvidia. As per figures from 2023, the technology industry attracted $134 billion in venture capital, which was the highest in the US at the time.&nbsp;<h2>A powerhouse of agriculture&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;California is also home to the largest agriculture industry in the US, with exports estimated at $24.3 billion in 2023. Its key farm exports include almonds and dairy products.&nbsp;California leads the US in some of the key agricultural produce, including half of its fruits, vegetables and nuts, as well as more than 80 per cent of strawberries. &nbsp;<h2>Hollywood to electric cars: A diversified economy</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Hollywood-led entertainment industry generates anywhere north of $150 billion every year.&nbsp;California is also a global tourism magnet, attracting revenues of $150.4 bn in 2023.&nbsp;Heavy industries and manufacturing are also key to California's economic prowess. These included aerospace and electric vehicles.&nbsp;Ports in California handle some 38 per cent of US imports.&nbsp;<h2>A giant among US states</h2>&nbsp;As already mentioned, the GDP of California dominates over the next few states. It is double that of New York, and more than half of Texas.&nbsp;Once home to America's oil boom, California shines in both traditional industries like agriculture, emission-free vehicles, technology and entertainment.&nbsp;California is home to 78 of Fortune 100 companies and 337 of Fortune 500 companies, which is the highest for any state.&nbsp;<h2>But it is not all fine for Californians, and LA violence may be a result of that</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>But in spite of all these, California still reels under economic inequality, high living costs, and endemic homelessness.&nbsp;The LA protests are partially a result of economic disparities in the western state.&nbsp;&nbsp;Many of those taking part in the protests are also angry at the rich-poor divide in the city.

Amid the sharp focus on Los Angeles protests, here is a look at the economic importance of California for the US.



US President Donald Trump deployed the National Guard into Los Angeles to end the ongoing violent protests against his immigration crackdown. This has pitted the western California state, of which LA is the largest city, against the federal government. California is the richest state in the US and cannot be antagonised by any federal government. Its economy is bigger than several US states combined, and surpasses the economies of even some countries. Amid the sharp focus on Los Angeles protests, here is a look at the economic importance of California for the US. California’s economy is the biggest in the US The nominal GDP of California for 2024 was $4.103 trillion, making it the largest economy among the US states. This is in fact nearly the combined GDP of the next few states' GDP: Texas is at $2.6 tn, New York at $2 tn and Florida at $1.6 tn, according to recent available data. This means that the rich western state accounts for more than 14 per cent of the total GDP of the US. Having achieved this with only 12 per cent of the national population, California continues to hold a disproportionate economic might in the US. California's economy is bigger than some countries' It is a well-known fact that if California were a country, it would be the fourth-largest economy in the world, just behind the US ($29.18 tn), China ($18.74 tn), and Germany ($4.65 tn). Its economy would be ahead of Japan and India too. The per capita GDP of California, estimated to be around $85,340, surpasses that of most large economies. From tech industry to Hollywood and everything in between: What powers California's economy? The state is home to the tech mecca of Silicon Valley in the north, and the entertainment industry hub of Hollywood in the south. These and other high-revenue industries are the reason behind its wealth. Most of the world's top tech companies are headquartered in California, including Google parent Alphabet, Apple, Facebook parent Meta, IBM, Intel and Nvidia. As per figures from 2023, the technology industry attracted $134 billion in venture capital, which was the highest in the US at the time. A powerhouse of agriculture California is also home to the largest agriculture industry in the US, with exports estimated at $24.3 billion in 2023. Its key farm exports include almonds and dairy products. California leads the US in some of the key agricultural produce, including half of its fruits, vegetables and nuts, as well as more than 80 per cent of strawberries. Hollywood to electric cars: A diversified economy The Hollywood-led entertainment industry generates anywhere north of $150 billion every year. California is also a global tourism magnet, attracting revenues of $150.4 bn in 2023. Heavy industries and manufacturing are also key to California's economic prowess. These included aerospace and electric vehicles. Ports in California handle some 38 per cent of US imports. A giant among US states As already mentioned, the GDP of California dominates over the next few states. It is double that of New York, and more than half of Texas. Once home to America's oil boom, California shines in both traditional industries like agriculture, emission-free vehicles, technology and entertainment. California is home to 78 of Fortune 100 companies and 337 of Fortune 500 companies, which is the highest for any state. But it is not all fine for Californians, and LA violence may be a result of that But in spite of all these, California still reels under economic inequality, high living costs, and endemic homelessness. The LA protests are partially a result of economic disparities in the western state. Many of those taking part in the protests are also angry at the rich-poor divide in the city.

Amid the sharp focus on Los Angeles protests, here is a look at the economic importance of California for the US.&nbsp;

LA protest violence brings focus to California. The richest US state's economy is bigger than some countries | Reasons, listed

Gavin Newsom, the California governor, on Monday (June 9) called on his peers across states to rally against Donald Trump, who ordered the National Guard troops into the western state to quell the protests in Los Angeles against the immigration policies of the Republican US president. Newsom also said California is suing the Trump administration. The violence in California has brought sharp focus on its governor, who could be the Democratic contender for president in 2028. So it is important to know more about his life and political career.Here is what you should know about Gavin Newsom.<h2> Who is Gavin Newsom?</h2>&nbsp;Gavin Christopher Newsom, the Democratic governor of California, was born on 10 October 1967 in San Francisco in a politically connected family.&nbsp;&nbsp;Born to William Newsom, who was a judge in the California appeals court, Gavin graduated in political science from Santa Clara University in 1989. &nbsp;<h2>Gavin Newsom, the businessman</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Newsom is a businessman, helming the multi-million dollar PlumpJack group.&nbsp;He founded the winery and hospitality company with investor Gordon Getty. &nbsp;<h2>Political career of Gavin Newsom from mayor to Governor</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Gavin Newsom was appointed to San Francisco Parking and Traffic Commission in 1996, thus starting his political career. The next year, he was elected to the Board of Supervisors.&nbsp;Newsom's big break came in 2003, when he was elected the mayor of San Fransico, a post he went on to serve till 2011.&nbsp;Between 2011 and 2019, Newsom served as the lieutenant governor of California, the state's second-in-command. He went on to be elected the 40th governor of California and was re-elected in 2022. &nbsp;<h2>Gavin Newsom is a progressive amid a conservative political landscape</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;In his political roles, and mainly as the governor, &nbsp;Newsom introduced pro-people policies like expanding healthcare access, including Medi-Cal facilities to undocumented immigrants.&nbsp;Newsom is known for being a progressive, often standing for policies to address the climate crisis, and reforming housing. In 2019, he announced a death penalty moratorium in the state. Under his governorship, California saw laws that curbed police powers to use force. &nbsp;<h2>Facing domestic challenges: California under Newsom</h2> However, under Newsom, it has not been all bright sunshine for California.&nbsp;&nbsp;The richest state of the US has been facing budget deficits, an increase in crime rate, and homelessness, which has been endemic for decades. California's homeless population rose by nearly 32 per cent in the 2007-2022 period in spite of some $24 billion spent on addressing the issue.&nbsp;He faced criticism during the COVID pandemic, over strict lockdowns and mask mandates that&nbsp;had damaged the state's economy.&nbsp;In 2021, Newsom faced a recall attempt after attending a 2020 French Laundry dinner, violating his own guidelines. The recall didn't succeed. There are allegations of unemployment fraud and mismanagement of homelessness funds in Newsom's California, in which billions were paid to undeserving individuals.&nbsp;The wildfires in California exposed the lack of disaster preparedness under Newsom, in spite of his rhetoric and policies to address the climate crisis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Colourful personal life: Affair that went public</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>A tall and handsome man who appears in prim suits with hair slicked back, Newsom also faced several scandals in the past.&nbsp;&nbsp;The most prominent was the alleged affair with his campaign manager's wife when he was mayor. The affair first came to light in 2007 and has often been raked up in later years.<h2> Will Gavin Newsom be a presidential contender?</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Yes. Newsom is being seen as a potential Democratic contender for president in 2028. His governorship cannot be extended due to term limitations, and the next logical political step for him would be to fight for the White House.&nbsp;But the road could not be that easy.&nbsp;&nbsp;First, he has to contend with the residual ambitions of Kamala Harris, who lost to Trump in 2024.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then there are issues related to California's economy and social issues.&nbsp;&nbsp;In a charged environment where Trump has made immigration the most polarising issue, it would be difficult for Newsom to take a pro-migration stance on the national stage.&nbsp;&nbsp;He will also need the approval of Democratic elders. Californians have not won presidential elections for a long time, Harris being the last one to lose.&nbsp;&nbsp;So it remains to be seen if Gavin Newsom would be able to charm the Democratic base in the primaries, in case he joins the race.

Newsom is being seen as a potential Democratic contender for president in 2028. His governorship cannot be extended due to term limitations, and the next logical political step for him would be to fight for the White House. But the road could not be that easy. 



Gavin Newsom, the California governor, on Monday (June 9) called on his peers across states to rally against Donald Trump, who ordered the National Guard troops into the western state to quell the protests in Los Angeles against the immigration policies of the Republican US president. Newsom also said California is suing the Trump administration. The violence in California has brought sharp focus on its governor, who could be the Democratic contender for president in 2028. So it is important to know more about his life and political career. Here is what you should know about Gavin Newsom. Who is Gavin Newsom? Gavin Christopher Newsom, the Democratic governor of California, was born on 10 October 1967 in San Francisco in a politically connected family. Born to William Newsom, who was a judge in the California appeals court, Gavin graduated in political science from Santa Clara University in 1989. Gavin Newsom, the businessman Newsom is a businessman, helming the multi-million dollar PlumpJack group. He founded the winery and hospitality company with investor Gordon Getty. Political career of Gavin Newsom from mayor to Governor Gavin Newsom was appointed to San Francisco Parking and Traffic Commission in 1996, thus starting his political career. The next year, he was elected to the Board of Supervisors. Newsom's big break came in 2003, when he was elected the mayor of San Fransico, a post he went on to serve till 2011. Between 2011 and 2019, Newsom served as the lieutenant governor of California, the state's second-in-command. He went on to be elected the 40th governor of California and was re-elected in 2022. Gavin Newsom is a progressive amid a conservative political landscape In his political roles, and mainly as the governor, Newsom introduced pro-people policies like expanding healthcare access, including Medi-Cal facilities to undocumented immigrants. Newsom is known for being a progressive, often standing for policies to address the climate crisis, and reforming housing. In 2019, he announced a death penalty moratorium in the state. Under his governorship, California saw laws that curbed police powers to use force. Facing domestic challenges: California under Newsom However, under Newsom, it has not been all bright sunshine for California. The richest state of the US has been facing budget deficits, an increase in crime rate, and homelessness, which has been endemic for decades. California's homeless population rose by nearly 32 per cent in the 2007-2022 period in spite of some $24 billion spent on addressing the issue. He faced criticism during the COVID pandemic, over strict lockdowns and mask mandates that had damaged the state's economy. In 2021, Newsom faced a recall attempt after attending a 2020 French Laundry dinner, violating his own guidelines. The recall didn't succeed. There are allegations of unemployment fraud and mismanagement of homelessness funds in Newsom's California, in which billions were paid to undeserving individuals. The wildfires in California exposed the lack of disaster preparedness under Newsom, in spite of his rhetoric and policies to address the climate crisis. Colourful personal life: Affair that went public A tall and handsome man who appears in prim suits with hair slicked back, Newsom also faced several scandals in the past. The most prominent was the alleged affair with his campaign manager's wife when he was mayor. The affair first came to light in 2007 and has often been raked up in later years. Will Gavin Newsom be a presidential contender? Yes. Newsom is being seen as a potential Democratic contender for president in 2028. His governorship cannot be extended due to term limitations, and the next logical political step for him would be to fight for the White House. But the road could not be that easy. First, he has to contend with the residual ambitions of Kamala Harris, who lost to Trump in 2024. Then there are issues related to California's economy and social issues. In a charged environment where Trump has made immigration the most polarising issue, it would be difficult for Newsom to take a pro-migration stance on the national stage. He will also need the approval of Democratic elders. Californians have not won presidential elections for a long time, Harris being the last one to lose. So it remains to be seen if Gavin Newsom would be able to charm the Democratic base in the primaries, in case he joins the race.

Newsom is being seen as a potential Democratic contender for president in 2028. His governorship cannot be extended due to term limitations, and the next logical political step for him would be to fight for the White House. But the road could not be that easy.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Gavin Newsom for US president? California governor's open war with Trump over LA violence hints at ambition | See profile

Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa has recently praised his wife Latifa al-Droubi, saying she has been a pillar of support when his resistance forces fought against the regime of ousted president Bashar al-Assad for over a decade.&nbsp;Al-Sharaa, who has made several high-profile public appearances with his wife during his state visits, has revealed in recent interviews that the couple had lived in remote mountains and caves, and frequently changed residences due to the political turmoil in Syria.&nbsp;<h2>Latifa lived in caves, shelters, chicken coops</h2>&nbsp;Latifa "lived with me in 49 different homes and followed me from caves to shelters, even chicken coops," said al-Sharaa, who assumed office as transitional president of Syria after the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024.&nbsp;Latifa's appearances, after being hidden from public view till a few months ago, raised a significant public interest in her. &nbsp;&nbsp;Here is what you should know about Latifa al-Droubi.&nbsp;<h2>Who is Latifa al-Droubi, Syrian First Lady?</h2> Born in 1984 in Al-Qaryatayn, a rural town in Syria's Homs governorate, Latifa comes from a politically well-known family of Syria.&nbsp;The mother of three sons has a master's degree in Arabic language and literature.&nbsp;<h2>Hailing from an influential family</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;Latifa comes from the influential al-Droubi family, whose political history can be traced back to the Ottoman Empire era.&nbsp;One of Latifa's ancestors was Alaa Al-Din Al-Droubi, according to Turkish media reports.&nbsp;He was Syria’s second prime minister in 1920 under King Faisal I, but had only a month's stint before being assassinated.&nbsp;Latifa is also reportedly a relative of the Syrian Islamic scholar Sheikh Abdul Ghafar Al-Droubi.<h2> How Latifa and al-Shaara met</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>According to reports, Latifa and her future husband, al-Sharaa, met while both were Damascus University students.&nbsp;They married in 2012, just a year into the Syrian civil war, and from then on, she led a low-profile life.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to al-Shaara, he often asked her to move to safer places, but she refused.&nbsp;Observers have pointed out that al-Shaara is taking his wife to high-profile state visits like those in Saudi Arabia and Turkey as he wants to project a more moderate image of his transitional government.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Who is Latifa al Droubi, Syrian leader Ahmed al Sharaas wife? Born in 1984 in al Qaryatayn, a rural town in Syrias Homs governorate, Latifa comes from a politically well-known family of Syria 

Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa has recently praised his wife Latifa al-Droubi, saying she has been a pillar of support when his resistance forces fought against the regime of ousted president Bashar al-Assad for over a decade. Al-Sharaa, who has made several high-profile public appearances with his wife during his state visits, has revealed in recent interviews that the couple had lived in remote mountains and caves, and frequently changed residences due to the political turmoil in Syria. Latifa lived in caves, shelters, chicken coops Latifa "lived with me in 49 different homes and followed me from caves to shelters, even chicken coops," said al-Sharaa, who assumed office as transitional president of Syria after the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024. Latifa's appearances, after being hidden from public view till a few months ago, raised a significant public interest in her. Here is what you should know about Latifa al-Droubi. Who is Latifa al-Droubi, Syrian First Lady? Born in 1984 in Al-Qaryatayn, a rural town in Syria's Homs governorate, Latifa comes from a politically well-known family of Syria. The mother of three sons has a master's degree in Arabic language and literature. Hailing from an influential family Latifa comes from the influential al-Droubi family, whose political history can be traced back to the Ottoman Empire era. One of Latifa's ancestors was Alaa Al-Din Al-Droubi, according to Turkish media reports. He was Syria’s second prime minister in 1920 under King Faisal I, but had only a month's stint before being assassinated. Latifa is also reportedly a relative of the Syrian Islamic scholar Sheikh Abdul Ghafar Al-Droubi. How Latifa and al-Shaara met According to reports, Latifa and her future husband, al-Sharaa, met while both were Damascus University students. They married in 2012, just a year into the Syrian civil war, and from then on, she led a low-profile life. According to al-Shaara, he often asked her to move to safer places, but she refused. Observers have pointed out that al-Shaara is taking his wife to high-profile state visits like those in Saudi Arabia and Turkey as he wants to project a more moderate image of his transitional government.

Al-Sharaa, who has made several high-profile public appearances with his wife during his state visits, has revealed in recent interviews that the couple had lived in remote mountains and caves, and frequently changed residences due to the political turmoil in Syria.&nbsp;

'She lived with me in caves, shelters, even chicken coops': Who is Latifa al-Droubi, Syrian leader Ahmed al-Sharaa's wife?

Greta Thunberg was detained on Monday (June 9) by Israeli authorities while on her way to deliver aid to Gaza on a ship. The Swedish activist claimed she was kidnapped, while reports said the flotilla was towed towards Israel. The ship sailed towards Gaza to protest Israel’s blockade of Gaza. Israeli authorities called her and her supporters 'Hamas propaganda spokespeople.'&nbsp;Thunberg, who became famous for her Friday school-bunking protests to drive awareness on the climate crisis, is controversy's child. She has hogged the limelight over various protests, mainly on climate, but has been a polarising figure, drawing equal amounts of admiration and scorn.&nbsp;She was at the centre of controversy in India for sharing a 'tool kit' on disruptive activism.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here is a look at the most controversial moments in the life of Greta Thunberg.&nbsp;<h2>School strike for climate justice</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Grata was aged 15 when she started skipping school to protest outside the Swedish parliament in 2018. In her one-person protest for several days, she held a placard 'School Strike for Climate', leading to a global youth movement called 'Fridays for Future'. As many of these protests involved students bunking classes to hold climate justice protests, many criticised it as an excuse to skip classes.<h2> Global Climate Strikes and famous UN Climate Summit speech : 'How dare you'</h2>&nbsp;In subsequent years, Greta led climate justice protests in more than 160 countries. In 2019, she arrived at the UN Climate Action Summit in New York in a yacht to avoid flying, and made a speech.&nbsp;Her speech at the summit became famous for the 'how dare you' remark. &nbsp;“You have stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words… How dare you!,” she asked global leaders who she accused of failing to act on climate crisis.<h2> Blah blah blah speech</h2>&nbsp;At a protest during climate summit of COP26 in Glasgow in 2021, Thunberg made another speech slamming world leaders.&nbsp;&nbsp;Her famous words were: “Build back better. Blah, blah, blah. Green economy. Blah, blah, blah. Net zero by 2050. Blah, blah, blah.”&nbsp;<h2>‘Against the Wall’ remark&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;Thunberg said in 2019 that world leaders should be put "against the wall," which was seen as an incitement to violence. She later apologised and said it was from a Swedish expression, asking for holding leaders accountable.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>India toolkit controversy</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>In 2021, Greta shared an activist ‘toolkit’ to support the then ongoing farmers' protest against the Indian governemnt's agri reform laws. She later deleted the post, which caused a political furore in India over alleged foreign interference in its internal affairs, and related conspiracy theories.<h2>Deutsche Bahn train Incident</h2> Greta shared a picture of herself on the floor, appearing to show how trains are overcrowded in Germany. But rail authorities said she had been offered a first-class seat. Greta later said she got the seat after a four-hour wait.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>'Staged arrest' in German coal mine protest</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Greta was held in Lützerath, Germany, while protesting against a coal mine expansion in 2023. She was accused of staging her arrest and being a crisis actor, though it was later confirmed that the arrest was indeed real.&nbsp;<h2>Pro-Palestinian activism</h2>&nbsp;In 2024, German authorities blocked Greta from addressing a pro-Palestinian student rally, calling her 'prone to violence', citing that her supporters attacked officers.&nbsp;When she invited Afghan and Palestinian women to speak at a climate protest in 2023 in Amsterdam, a man interrupted her, asking her not to bring political issues into a climate justice protest. She said, 'no climate justice on occupied land'. &nbsp; Named the youngest Time Person of the Year in 2019 at the age of 16, Greta is no friend of US President Donald Trump, who once tweeted that the activist should work on her "Anger Management problem."&nbsp;She has been nominated for Nobel Peace Prize several times.

Greta Thunberg Gaza aid ship arrest Swedish activist controversies all you need to know Israel Hamas Freedom Flotilla

Greta Thunberg was detained on Monday (June 9) by Israeli authorities while on her way to deliver aid to Gaza on a ship. The Swedish activist claimed she was kidnapped, while reports said the flotilla was towed towards Israel. The ship sailed towards Gaza to protest Israel’s blockade of Gaza. Israeli authorities called her and her supporters 'Hamas propaganda spokespeople.' Thunberg, who became famous for her Friday school-bunking protests to drive awareness on the climate crisis, is controversy's child. She has hogged the limelight over various protests, mainly on climate, but has been a polarising figure, drawing equal amounts of admiration and scorn. She was at the centre of controversy in India for sharing a 'tool kit' on disruptive activism. Here is a look at the most controversial moments in the life of Greta Thunberg. School strike for climate justice Grata was aged 15 when she started skipping school to protest outside the Swedish parliament in 2018. In her one-person protest for several days, she held a placard 'School Strike for Climate', leading to a global youth movement called 'Fridays for Future'. As many of these protests involved students bunking classes to hold climate justice protests, many criticised it as an excuse to skip classes. Global Climate Strikes and famous UN Climate Summit speech : 'How dare you' In subsequent years, Greta led climate justice protests in more than 160 countries. In 2019, she arrived at the UN Climate Action Summit in New York in a yacht to avoid flying, and made a speech. Her speech at the summit became famous for the 'how dare you' remark. “You have stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words… How dare you!,” she asked global leaders who she accused of failing to act on climate crisis. Blah blah blah speech At a protest during climate summit of COP26 in Glasgow in 2021, Thunberg made another speech slamming world leaders. Her famous words were: “Build back better. Blah, blah, blah. Green economy. Blah, blah, blah. Net zero by 2050. Blah, blah, blah.” ‘Against the Wall’ remark Thunberg said in 2019 that world leaders should be put "against the wall," which was seen as an incitement to violence. She later apologised and said it was from a Swedish expression, asking for holding leaders accountable. India toolkit controversy In 2021, Greta shared an activist ‘toolkit’ to support the then ongoing farmers' protest against the Indian governemnt's agri reform laws. She later deleted the post, which caused a political furore in India over alleged foreign interference in its internal affairs, and related conspiracy theories. Deutsche Bahn train Incident Greta shared a picture of herself on the floor, appearing to show how trains are overcrowded in Germany. But rail authorities said she had been offered a first-class seat. Greta later said she got the seat after a four-hour wait. 'Staged arrest' in German coal mine protest Greta was held in Lützerath, Germany, while protesting against a coal mine expansion in 2023. She was accused of staging her arrest and being a crisis actor, though it was later confirmed that the arrest was indeed real. Pro-Palestinian activism In 2024, German authorities blocked Greta from addressing a pro-Palestinian student rally, calling her 'prone to violence', citing that her supporters attacked officers. When she invited Afghan and Palestinian women to speak at a climate protest in 2023 in Amsterdam, a man interrupted her, asking her not to bring political issues into a climate justice protest. She said, 'no climate justice on occupied land'. Named the youngest Time Person of the Year in 2019 at the age of 16, Greta is no friend of US President Donald Trump, who once tweeted that the activist should work on her "Anger Management problem." She has been nominated for Nobel Peace Prize several times.

Thunberg, who became famous for her Friday school-bunking protests to drive awareness on the climate crisis, is controversy's child. Here are some of the biggest such incidents

Greta Thunberg, activist or attention hog? You can love or hate her, but you can't ignore her | Her controversies, listed

In the last scene of Moonwalk, the tribute from Malayalam cinema to Michael Jackson, I spotted my dance instructor from the 1990s in the role of a breakdance competition judge. As I walked out of the cinema hall after the show, a bunch of new-generation YouTubers were asking opinions from the departing audience. Such audience reviews are now the norm in the movie industry of southern Kerala state, and can make or break films. For a moment, I felt like talking to the YouTubers, but I walked away, with a limp from my newly acquired back pain. As I stepped out, I felt the passage of time that affected my feet, which once tapped to songs from Michael Jackson and plenty of others, and doing signature breakdance steps such as 'wave', which is among the main meme-worthy scenes of Moonwalk.&nbsp;More than just another movie, Vinod AK's directorial debut was a nostalgia trip for people like me, who were young, restless and rebellious in the 1990s.&nbsp;It was an era when the Indian government's globalisation and liberalisation policies introduced the college-going youth to western music and dance. Michael Jackson was the undisputed king of pop, both as a singer and dancer. Breakdance, and later hip hop, were emerging as the new dance forms in Indian cities and towns. Tuning in to western music, wearing baggy pants, growing our hair long on the front (called shade) and back (called tail), riding bikes, and learning breakdance were part of the lifestyle and trends of the 1990s youth, almost a rite of passage for our times.&nbsp;The story of Moonwalk - a group of friends bonding over breakdance and taking inspiration from Michael Jackson to form a troupe - is the distillation of that subculture of music and dance in some parts of Kerala. It is almost unbelievable when looking back, as to how this essentially American culture swept us by our feet, quite literally.&nbsp;It happened because of several reasons, most depicted in the film: the availability of music cassettes and VHD tapes, either sent or smuggled from the Gulf or elsewhere by relatives of Malayalis, the search for something different from the regular small town existence of Trivandrum, the capital city of Kerala, and even a streak of rebellion, that made many of us pierce our ears and wear ear-rings, as shown in the film, and seek out and aspire for a culture bigger than ours. It helped me relate to the nostalgia, as even the language, which we call Trivandrum slang, was on point. As shown in the film, many of the dance troupes struggled to find stages, as it was quite a contrast from what Kerala - or for that matter India - was familiar with, culturally and musically. It was a sharp contradiction to see breakdance performances amid temple festivals, church events, or college functions. Dancers and musicians who looked up to the West for inspiration were often scorned and publicly ridiculed, or even attacked, all of which is shown in the film. The humiliating haircut that the troupe members received at a police station is quite possibly based on a real incident or incidents. The film had some dance moves that were relatable, though the choreography, framing, and editing could have been better. Then there is the limitation imposed by music copyright, which meant that none of Michael Jackson's songs, which we danced to in those days, could be used.&nbsp;The film's storyline also tried to incorporate the reality of racism and caste discrimination, by positioning a youth from a fisherman's family as a key dancer, the troupe's true inheritor of Michael Jackson and subsequent leader.&nbsp;The dancer, in Michael Jackson costume, being asked to carry a jackfruit on his head as an errand, is reflective of the times he lived in: Life happens amid all the fantasy ride. Reality hits hard at the end of it all.&nbsp;Many of the dancers went to different pastures eventually. Some went outside Kerala, or abroad, for further studies or jobs, carrying with them memories of a few great days and nights, while only a few stuck to their passion, becoming dance instructors, choreographers, directors and producers.&nbsp;The film, shot in 2020, almost didn't release till the top director-producer duo Lijo Jose Pellissery and Listin Stephen came on board as producer-distributor.&nbsp;In doing so, they helped not only bring a movie to the audience, but also leave behind an almost ethnographic documentary of a time that many youngsters of the late 1980s to 1990s from the sleepy southern town hold dear in their memories.&nbsp;While the film is not perfect, it needs to be appreciated for the effort that went into re-creating such a unique era of our young days.&nbsp;

Moonwalk,  Malayalam film tribute to Michael Jackson, a nostalgia trip into 1990s. A very personal review

In the last scene of Moonwalk, the tribute from Malayalam cinema to Michael Jackson, I spotted my dance instructor from the 1990s in the role of a breakdance competition judge. As I walked out of the cinema hall after the show, a bunch of new-generation YouTubers were asking opinions from the departing audience. Such audience reviews are now the norm in the movie industry of southern Kerala state, and can make or break films. For a moment, I felt like talking to the YouTubers, but I walked away, with a limp from my newly acquired back pain. As I stepped out, I felt the passage of time that affected my feet, which once tapped to songs from Michael Jackson and plenty of others, and doing signature breakdance steps such as 'wave', which is among the main meme-worthy scenes of Moonwalk. More than just another movie, Vinod AK's directorial debut was a nostalgia trip for people like me, who were young, restless and rebellious in the 1990s. It was an era when the Indian government's globalisation and liberalisation policies introduced the college-going youth to western music and dance. Michael Jackson was the undisputed king of pop, both as a singer and dancer. Breakdance, and later hip hop, were emerging as the new dance forms in Indian cities and towns. Tuning in to western music, wearing baggy pants, growing our hair long on the front (called shade) and back (called tail), riding bikes, and learning breakdance were part of the lifestyle and trends of the 1990s youth, almost a rite of passage for our times. The story of Moonwalk - a group of friends bonding over breakdance and taking inspiration from Michael Jackson to form a troupe - is the distillation of that subculture of music and dance in some parts of Kerala. It is almost unbelievable when looking back, as to how this essentially American culture swept us by our feet, quite literally. It happened because of several reasons, most depicted in the film: the availability of music cassettes and VHD tapes, either sent or smuggled from the Gulf or elsewhere by relatives of Malayalis, the search for something different from the regular small town existence of Trivandrum, the capital city of Kerala, and even a streak of rebellion, that made many of us pierce our ears and wear ear-rings, as shown in the film, and seek out and aspire for a culture bigger than ours. It helped me relate to the nostalgia, as even the language, which we call Trivandrum slang, was on point. As shown in the film, many of the dance troupes struggled to find stages, as it was quite a contrast from what Kerala - or for that matter India - was familiar with, culturally and musically. It was a sharp contradiction to see breakdance performances amid temple festivals, church events, or college functions. Dancers and musicians who looked up to the West for inspiration were often scorned and publicly ridiculed, or even attacked, all of which is shown in the film. The humiliating haircut that the troupe members received at a police station is quite possibly based on a real incident or incidents. The film had some dance moves that were relatable, though the choreography, framing, and editing could have been better. Then there is the limitation imposed by music copyright, which meant that none of Michael Jackson's songs, which we danced to in those days, could be used. The film's storyline also tried to incorporate the reality of racism and caste discrimination, by positioning a youth from a fisherman's family as a key dancer, the troupe's true inheritor of Michael Jackson and subsequent leader. The dancer, in Michael Jackson costume, being asked to carry a jackfruit on his head as an errand, is reflective of the times he lived in: Life happens amid all the fantasy ride. Reality hits hard at the end of it all. Many of the dancers went to different pastures eventually. Some went outside Kerala, or abroad, for further studies or jobs, carrying with them memories of a few great days and nights, while only a few stuck to their passion, becoming dance instructors, choreographers, directors and producers. The film, shot in 2020, almost didn't release till the top director-producer duo Lijo Jose Pellissery and Listin Stephen came on board as producer-distributor. In doing so, they helped not only bring a movie to the audience, but also leave behind an almost ethnographic documentary of a time that many youngsters of the late 1980s to 1990s from the sleepy southern town hold dear in their memories. While the film is not perfect, it needs to be appreciated for the effort that went into re-creating such a unique era of our young days.

More than just another movie, Vinod AK's directorial debut was a nostalgia trip for people like me, who were young, restless and rebellious in the 1990s.&nbsp;

Moonwalk:  Malayalam film tribute to Michael Jackson is a nostalgia trip into 1990s. A very personal watching experience

Pakistan's former foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari was dispatched to the US by the establishment to fight the diplomatic battle against India in the wake of Operation Sindoor, the Indian armed forces' military response to the Pahalgam terror attack. The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) Chairman, in interviews to global media, public speeches and social media posts this week, repeated the familiar script of the South Asian nation in dodging the real issue of cross-border terrorism fomented by Islamabad against India. He also repeated the government line of demanding a so-called ‘joint investigation’ into the Pahalgam attack, seeking evidence for Pakistan's involvement.&nbsp;<h2>‘Nuclear escalation ladder’: Bilawal repeats Pakistan's nuclear blackmail</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Most importantly, Bilawal raised the nuclear blackmail that Indian PM Narendra Modi had warned Pakistan to desist from.&nbsp;&nbsp;In an interview laden with falsehoods, Bilawal told Bloomberg TV that India’s use of ‘a supersonic nuclear-capable missile’ made the situation more precarious. He was basically raising the bogey of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, whereas the Indian military leadership had clearly stated that Operation Sindoor was a conventional operation.&nbsp;“We have about 30 seconds time to decide, off a grainy little image, this nuclear-capable missile — is it armed with a nuclear weapon? And how do we respond?,” Bilawal told Bloomberg TV.&nbsp;He claimed that India 'lowered the threshold' for future military confrontations. He said the two countries would climb the 'escalation ladder' too quickly for world leaders to intervene.&nbsp;“Our concern for next time, heaven forbid, for next time round is that the threshold is low for a military conflict,” said Bilawal, who led a delegation to the US as part of Pakistan's diplomatic efforts to apprise the international community of the India-Pakistan military confrontation.<h2>Raising the bogey of ‘nuclear water war’</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Bilawal, who had said in May that 'either water of the Sindhu river or Indians' blood' will flow in the wake of India keeping the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, even used a new term in his US speeches: 'nuclear water war.' He said that India's diplomatic move in the wake of Pahalgam attack laid the ‘foundation for first nuclear water war.’<h2> ‘Show us the proof’ alibi on Pahalgam terror attack</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;Bilawal repeated Pakistan's irresponsible attitude toward terrorism in the context of Pahalgam attack, raising the usual Pakistani rhetoric of 'show us the proof'.&nbsp;“You just need an accusation, and you launch into a full-blown war with Pakistan,” he said, claiming that India did not provide any evidence of the attack of April 22 in which 26 people, mostly Indian Hindu tourists, were killed by Pakistan-trained terrorists.&nbsp;“The new sort of normal — or we call it an abnormal — that the Modi government is trying to impose on the region is that if there’s a terrorist attack anywhere in India...you don’t have to provide a shred of evidence.” His reference appears to be on Narendra Modi's pledge to attack terror camps in Pakistan in case of any future attacks on India, which the Indian prime minister called the new normal.&nbsp;<h2>Kashmir, not terror, is ‘root cause’ for him</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>Bilawal, in his speaking engagements in the US, raised the Kashmir bogey as usual, calling it the ‘root cause’, not terrorism emanating from Pakistan.&nbsp;"If India is serious about combating terrorism, then they have to create more conducive environment" in Kashmir, he said while speaking at the Middle East Institute.&nbsp;<h2>Raising the joint probe demand on terrorist incidents</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;Bilawal also adhered to Pakistan's ploy of internationalising bilateral issues, by repeating the government's stance on joint probe into Pahalgam attack.&nbsp;&nbsp;He alleged, without proof, that India is involved in attacks in Pakistan, while speaking to China's state-run CCTV.&nbsp;&nbsp;He insisted that 'all attacks in India and Pakistan' should be probed by a joint forum, without specifying who should be in the forum.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Seeking to internationalise bilateral issues</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2>In his engagemetns in the US, Bilawal made efforts to further internationalise the bilateral tensions between India and Pakistan, praising US President Donald Trump as well as the UN secertary general for helping de-escalate tensions.&nbsp;“Appreciated the critical peacemaker role played by President Donald Trump in facilitating the ceasefire understanding, intended as a pathway to broader, sustained peace and dialogue,” he wrote on X.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Operation Sindoor Nuclear escalation ladder Bilawal repeats Pakistan's nuclear blackmail



Pakistan's former foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari was dispatched to the US by the establishment to fight the diplomatic battle against India in the wake of Operation Sindoor, the Indian armed forces' military response to the Pahalgam terror attack. The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) Chairman, in interviews to global media, public speeches and social media posts this week, repeated the familiar script of the South Asian nation in dodging the real issue of cross-border terrorism fomented by Islamabad against India. He also repeated the government line of demanding a so-called ‘joint investigation’ into the Pahalgam attack, seeking evidence for Pakistan's involvement. ‘Nuclear escalation ladder’: Bilawal repeats Pakistan's nuclear blackmail Most importantly, Bilawal raised the nuclear blackmail that Indian PM Narendra Modi had warned Pakistan to desist from. In an interview laden with falsehoods, Bilawal told Bloomberg TV that India’s use of ‘a supersonic nuclear-capable missile’ made the situation more precarious. He was basically raising the bogey of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, whereas the Indian military leadership had clearly stated that Operation Sindoor was a conventional operation. “We have about 30 seconds time to decide, off a grainy little image, this nuclear-capable missile — is it armed with a nuclear weapon? And how do we respond?,” Bilawal told Bloomberg TV. He claimed that India 'lowered the threshold' for future military confrontations. He said the two countries would climb the 'escalation ladder' too quickly for world leaders to intervene. “Our concern for next time, heaven forbid, for next time round is that the threshold is low for a military conflict,” said Bilawal, who led a delegation to the US as part of Pakistan's diplomatic efforts to apprise the international community of the India-Pakistan military confrontation. Raising the bogey of ‘nuclear water war’ Bilawal, who had said in May that 'either water of the Sindhu river or Indians' blood' will flow in the wake of India keeping the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, even used a new term in his US speeches: 'nuclear water war.' He said that India's diplomatic move in the wake of Pahalgam attack laid the ‘foundation for first nuclear water war.’ ‘Show us the proof’ alibi on Pahalgam terror attack Bilawal repeated Pakistan's irresponsible attitude toward terrorism in the context of Pahalgam attack, raising the usual Pakistani rhetoric of 'show us the proof'. “You just need an accusation, and you launch into a full-blown war with Pakistan,” he said, claiming that India did not provide any evidence of the attack of April 22 in which 26 people, mostly Indian Hindu tourists, were killed by Pakistan-trained terrorists. “The new sort of normal — or we call it an abnormal — that the Modi government is trying to impose on the region is that if there’s a terrorist attack anywhere in India...you don’t have to provide a shred of evidence.” His reference appears to be on Narendra Modi's pledge to attack terror camps in Pakistan in case of any future attacks on India, which the Indian prime minister called the new normal. Kashmir, not terror, is ‘root cause’ for him Bilawal, in his speaking engagements in the US, raised the Kashmir bogey as usual, calling it the ‘root cause’, not terrorism emanating from Pakistan. "If India is serious about combating terrorism, then they have to create more conducive environment" in Kashmir, he said while speaking at the Middle East Institute. Raising the joint probe demand on terrorist incidents Bilawal also adhered to Pakistan's ploy of internationalising bilateral issues, by repeating the government's stance on joint probe into Pahalgam attack. He alleged, without proof, that India is involved in attacks in Pakistan, while speaking to China's state-run CCTV. He insisted that 'all attacks in India and Pakistan' should be probed by a joint forum, without specifying who should be in the forum. Seeking to internationalise bilateral issues In his engagemetns in the US, Bilawal made efforts to further internationalise the bilateral tensions between India and Pakistan, praising US President Donald Trump as well as the UN secertary general for helping de-escalate tensions. “Appreciated the critical peacemaker role played by President Donald Trump in facilitating the ceasefire understanding, intended as a pathway to broader, sustained peace and dialogue,” he wrote on X.

Bilawal Bhutto repeated the familiar script, dodging the real issue of cross-border terrorism fomented by Islamabad against India. He also repeated the government line of demanding a so-called ‘joint investigation’ into the Pahalgam attack, seeking evidence for Pakistan's involvement

‘Nuclear water war’: Bilawal Bhutto is wrong on Kashmir, Pahalgam, nuke escalation, but he's only sticking to army script

Ukraine targeted Russian strategic bombers in its Operation Spider's Web this week. The attacks were carried out using drones launched from concealed trucks, and destroyed partially or fully at least five Russian nuclear bombers, according to reports. While the exact damage will likely remain a secret, the attack was a setback for Russia's nuclear triad. This has brought back focus on Russian nuclear weapons capabilities.&nbsp;While much of the information remains secretive, the scale of Russian nuclear muscle can be understood from what is available in public, on sources like the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Arms Control Association and the think tank SIPRI. Though Russia has suspended participation in the New START Treaty, it still adheres to the limits on nuclear warheads as agreed on the treaty with the US. Under the pact, Russia has 1,550 deployed strategic warheads and 700 deployed delivery systems.&nbsp;Russia is meanwhile continuing to expand its capabilities, including in the hypersonic and tactical systems.<h2> Russia's nuclear bombs and warheads</h2>Russia is estimated to possess around 5,580 nuclear warheads, including 4,380 in the so-called active stockpile. The active stockpile consists of 1,710 deployed strategic warheads, 1,112 stored strategic warheads and 1,558 non-strategic warheads. There are an estimated 1,200 retired warheads that are set to be dismantled. Out of its 1,710 deployed strategic warheads, 870 are thought to be on ICBMs, 640 on SLBMs, and around 200 at bomber bases.&nbsp;The nuclear yields range from 100 kilotons to 1 megaton for strategic weapons.<h2> Tactical warheads beyond nuclear triad</h2>Russia also has non-strategic or tactical nuclear warheads, which are estimated to number around 1,558. These include gravity bombs, air-to-surface missiles, and torpedoes. These are low-yield bombs of 15–20 kilotons, comparable to the bombs dropped by the US in Hiroshima, for delivery by aircraft, short-range missiles like Iskander and naval systems.&nbsp;Tactical delivery systems include Iskander (SS-26), which are ground-based ballistic missiles, Kinzhal air-launched hypersonic missiles deployed on MiG-31K fighter jets and Kalibr (SS-N-30A) cruise missiles on surface ships and attack submarines.&nbsp;Russia is also in the process of developing hypersonic systems like Avangard and Zircon, some of which are thought to be nuclear-capable.&nbsp;Russia is also developing the Poseidon Torpedo, which is nuclear-powered and has intercontinental range, as a deterrent. The torpedo's warhead is from cobalt-60, which can potentially contaminate coastal areas.&nbsp;<h2>Russia's nuclear triad: Land, Air and Sea</h2>Russia’s nuclear warheads include intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), strategic bombers and carriers.&nbsp;Russia is upgrading its Soviet-era ICBMs with newer models like Yars and Sarmat. &nbsp;Currently, Russia has an estimated 286 ICBMs that can deliver up to 958 nuclear warheads.&nbsp;There are 46 silo-based R-36M2 missiles known as SS-18 Satan, 30 silo-based UR-100N (SS-19), 36 mobile RT-2PM Topol (SS-25), 60 silo-based RT-2UTTH Topol-M (SS-27), 18 mobile RT-2UTTH Topol-M (SS-27), 84 mobile RS-24 Yars (SS-29), and 12 silo-based RS-24 Yars (SS-29). Russia's RS-24 Yars and RS-28 Sarmat - which are currently being developed and will replace the SS-18 - can carry multiple warheads.<h2>Russia's nuclear-capable Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs)</h2>Russia has an estimated 192 deployed SLBM launchers across 12 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), capable of delivering 624 nuclear warheads. Each SSBN carries 16 missiles. Its submarine fleet includes five Delta-class submarines (3 Delta III, 2 Delta IV), and seven Borei-class submarines. Delta IV submarines are fitted with the R-29RMU Sineva/SS-N-23 missiles. Each missile has four warheads of around 8,000+ km range. R-29RMU2.1 Liner missiles can carry up to 10 warheads, while RSM-56 Bulava can carry six warheads of 8,000 km range.&nbsp;Borei-class submarines are replacing older Delta-class submarines, with up to 10 planned by 2027.<h2>Russia's strategic bombers</h2> Russia is estimated to hold 67 bombers capable of carrying 586 nuclear warheads.Russia has around 55 Tu-95MS (Bear H) bombers, each capable of carrying 6–16 Kh-55 cruise missiles or gravity bombs. There are some 12 Tu-160 (Blackjack) jets that can carry 12 Kh-55 or Kh-15 missiles.These bombers are based at Ukrainka and Engels air bases, each of them counted as one warhead under New START, treaty, though their actual capacity might be higher.&nbsp;

Ukraine Operation Spiders Web attack targeted Russian nuclear bombers. Know about Russia nuclear weapons

Ukraine targeted Russian strategic bombers in its Operation Spider's Web this week. The attacks were carried out using drones launched from concealed trucks, and destroyed partially or fully at least five Russian nuclear bombers, according to reports. While the exact damage will likely remain a secret, the attack was a setback for Russia's nuclear triad. This has brought back focus on Russian nuclear weapons capabilities. While much of the information remains secretive, the scale of Russian nuclear muscle can be understood from what is available in public, on sources like the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Arms Control Association and the think tank SIPRI. Though Russia has suspended participation in the New START Treaty, it still adheres to the limits on nuclear warheads as agreed on the treaty with the US. Under the pact, Russia has 1,550 deployed strategic warheads and 700 deployed delivery systems. Russia is meanwhile continuing to expand its capabilities, including in the hypersonic and tactical systems. Russia's nuclear bombs and warheads Russia is estimated to possess around 5,580 nuclear warheads, including 4,380 in the so-called active stockpile. The active stockpile consists of 1,710 deployed strategic warheads, 1,112 stored strategic warheads and 1,558 non-strategic warheads. There are an estimated 1,200 retired warheads that are set to be dismantled. Out of its 1,710 deployed strategic warheads, 870 are thought to be on ICBMs, 640 on SLBMs, and around 200 at bomber bases. The nuclear yields range from 100 kilotons to 1 megaton for strategic weapons. Tactical warheads beyond nuclear triad Russia also has non-strategic or tactical nuclear warheads, which are estimated to number around 1,558. These include gravity bombs, air-to-surface missiles, and torpedoes. These are low-yield bombs of 15–20 kilotons, comparable to the bombs dropped by the US in Hiroshima, for delivery by aircraft, short-range missiles like Iskander and naval systems. Tactical delivery systems include Iskander (SS-26), which are ground-based ballistic missiles, Kinzhal air-launched hypersonic missiles deployed on MiG-31K fighter jets and Kalibr (SS-N-30A) cruise missiles on surface ships and attack submarines. Russia is also in the process of developing hypersonic systems like Avangard and Zircon, some of which are thought to be nuclear-capable. Russia is also developing the Poseidon Torpedo, which is nuclear-powered and has intercontinental range, as a deterrent. The torpedo's warhead is from cobalt-60, which can potentially contaminate coastal areas. Russia's nuclear triad: Land, Air and Sea Russia’s nuclear warheads include intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), strategic bombers and carriers. Russia is upgrading its Soviet-era ICBMs with newer models like Yars and Sarmat. Currently, Russia has an estimated 286 ICBMs that can deliver up to 958 nuclear warheads. There are 46 silo-based R-36M2 missiles known as SS-18 Satan, 30 silo-based UR-100N (SS-19), 36 mobile RT-2PM Topol (SS-25), 60 silo-based RT-2UTTH Topol-M (SS-27), 18 mobile RT-2UTTH Topol-M (SS-27), 84 mobile RS-24 Yars (SS-29), and 12 silo-based RS-24 Yars (SS-29). Russia's RS-24 Yars and RS-28 Sarmat - which are currently being developed and will replace the SS-18 - can carry multiple warheads. Russia's nuclear-capable Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs) Russia has an estimated 192 deployed SLBM launchers across 12 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), capable of delivering 624 nuclear warheads. Each SSBN carries 16 missiles. Its submarine fleet includes five Delta-class submarines (3 Delta III, 2 Delta IV), and seven Borei-class submarines. Delta IV submarines are fitted with the R-29RMU Sineva/SS-N-23 missiles. Each missile has four warheads of around 8,000+ km range. R-29RMU2.1 Liner missiles can carry up to 10 warheads, while RSM-56 Bulava can carry six warheads of 8,000 km range. Borei-class submarines are replacing older Delta-class submarines, with up to 10 planned by 2027. Russia's strategic bombers Russia is estimated to hold 67 bombers capable of carrying 586 nuclear warheads. Russia has around 55 Tu-95MS (Bear H) bombers, each capable of carrying 6–16 Kh-55 cruise missiles or gravity bombs. There are some 12 Tu-160 (Blackjack) jets that can carry 12 Kh-55 or Kh-15 missiles. These bombers are based at Ukrainka and Engels air bases, each of them counted as one warhead under New START, treaty, though their actual capacity might be higher.

Operation Spider's Web: While the exact damage will likely remain a secret, the Ukrainian attack was a setback for Russia's nuclear triad. This has brought back focus on Russian nuclear weapons capabilities.

Ukraine Operation Spider's Web attack targeted Russian nuclear bombers. Know about Russia's nuclear weapons

Balochistan independence movement: In recent days, several developments related to the Balochistan independence movement took place, including a declaration of a separate Baloch state by some of its leaders, and a coordinated 71 attacks on Pakistani forces. Pakistan has been suppressing the Baloch independence movement, even as it exploits the resource-rich province. Here is what you should know about the Balochistan quest for freedom from Pakistan. 
<iframe width="600" height="auto" style="width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/3;" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" class="external-video publive-iframes-block" src="https://cdn.thepublive.com/wion/static/kaltura_player/wion_video_player_iframe.html?thumbnail=wion/media/post_attachments/screenshot/1305_WION_BLA_9PM/00000002.jpg&amp;videourl=https://vodakm.zeenews.com/vod/WION/1305_WION_BLA_9PM.mp4/index.m3u8&amp;duration=175&amp;tags=Pakistan, Balochistan, World News, WION" title="BLA claims responsibility for 71 attacks across Balochistan" id="PL_iframe_block-map8vfmi-a4c4t6lv-he0axn8e"></iframe>
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<h2>Where is Balochistan?</h2>
Balochistan is Pakistan&rsquo;s largest province by area, spanning around 44 per cent of the South Asian nation&rsquo;s territory. It is also Pakistan's poorest province.&nbsp;
Balochistan has some 13 million ethnic Baloch population.&nbsp;The Balochis are an Iranic group with a distinct language and tribal culture different from Pakistan. In fact, historically, the Balochistan region included parts of Iran and Afghanistan, besides Pakistan. 
The Balochistan independence movement seeks autonomy or full independence for Balochistan.
&nbsp;
<h2>What is Balochistan independence movement?</h2>
 The Balochistan's independence movement is as old as the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The erstwhile princely state of Kalat declared independence after the Partition of the Indian subcontinent by the departing British colonisers. But Balochistan was forcibly annexed by Pakistan in 1948.&nbsp; Over the years, Balochistan was politically and economically marginalised by Pakistan, along with human rights abuse of Balochis. 
<h2>Balochistan: a land rich in natural resources, where people remain poor </h2>
Most Balochis are poor, which is strange given that their land is rich in resources such as natural gas, coal, copper and gold.
Over the years, Pakistan exploited these resources through the Sui Gas Fields, Saindak, and Reko Diq mines, among others. These projects earned massive revenues for Pakistan, but Balochis were neglected, with Balochistan continuing to be Pakistan&rsquo;s poorest province.&nbsp;
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/exclusive-things-have-got-worse-in-balochistan-akbar-bugtis-grandson-appeals-for-global-support-323071">EXCLUSIVE| 'Things have got worse in Balochistan': Akbar Bugti's grandson appeals for global support</a>
 According to recent estimates, the GDP per capita of Balochistan is $710, while the poverty rate increased from 48 per cent in 2001 to 58 per cent by 2017.
&nbsp;
Baloch nationalists contend that Pakistan profits by exploiting its resources and channels the proceeds to Punjab-dominated elites, even as the locals suffer from unemployment and underdevelopment.
<h2>The China factor in Baloch independence movement : The fight against CPEC&nbsp;</h2>
In recent years, the Baloch nationalists focused their attention on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
The $62 billion infrastructure project linking China's Xinjiang to the Gwadar deep-water port runs through Balochistan and has led to the displacement of Baloch populations. Balochis are angry that Pakistan has prioritised Chinese interests even as CPEC, a part of China's ambitious Belt and Road Initiative or BRI, did not bring economic benefits to Balochistan. 
<h2>Leaders of Baloch movement were killed or repressed</h2>
The Balochistan independence movement is carried out through a number of organisations, including some that use military means to fight the Pakistani forces. 
There have been at least five major uprisings against Pakistan.
In 2005, Nawab Akbar Bugti, a former governor and tribal chief of the Balochis, led a rebellion. But he was killed in a 2006 Pakistani military offensive. The killing did not stop the Balochis. In fact, it reinvigorated their movement.
Nawab Bugti's grandson, Brahamdagh Bugti, who lives in exile in Switzerland, heads the Baloch Republican Party, advocating for independence.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/pakistans-battle-within-7-soldiers-killed-in-ied-blast-in-balochistans-mach-9041492">Pakistan&rsquo;s battle within: 7 soldiers killed in IED blast in Balochistan</a>
Hyrbyair Marri, who is the son of another Baloch nationalist leader Khair Bakhsh Marri, leads the Free Balochistan Movement from London, and seeks a secular, democratic Balochistan.&nbsp;
 Dr Allah Nazar, leader of the Baloch Liberation Front, operates from Balochistan&rsquo;s Makran region, focusing on guerrilla tactics. Another top figure of Baloch movement, Ghulam Mohammed Baloch was killed in 2009, allegedly by Pakistani forces, drawing condemnation from the United Nations. 
<h2>Top Baloch independence movement organisations </h2>
Currently, the top groups in Balochistan Independence movement are the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA), Baloch Liberation Front (BLF), and Baloch Republican Army (BRA).&nbsp;
The BLA, formed in 2000 and led by Hyrbyair Marri, is the largest and most active militant force among the Balochs and has carried out bombings and attacks on infrastructure as well as Pakistan security forces. The Majeed Brigade of BLA carried out the &ldquo;Operation Herof&rdquo; this week, with 71 coordinated attacks targeting military and CPEC assets.&nbsp;
&nbsp;
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/balochistan-on-the-brink-armed-militant-seize-checkposts-as-independence-calls-grow-louder-9062526">Balochistan on the brink: Armed militants seize checkposts as independence calls grow louder</a>
The BLF, led by Allah Nazar, focuses its operations mainly in southern Balochistan.&nbsp;
Another group, the BRA, tied to Brahamdagh Bugti, also attacks security forces and opposes political dialogue.&nbsp;
Many of these groups have set aside their tribal rivalries and unified recently, forming alliances like BRAS with Sindhi separatists to fight Pakistan together. 
<h2>How Pakistan suppressed the Balochi independence movement</h2>
Pakistan&rsquo;s response has been brutal, even as it suffered military casualties, including in the recent train hijacking.
&nbsp;
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/republic-of-balochistan-trends-on-x-after-activists-declare-independence-from-pakistan-9067755">&lsquo;Republic of Balochistan&rsquo; trends on X after activists declare independence from Pakistan</a>
Pakistan has subjected Baloch nationalist leaders to severe repression. There have been a reported 5,000 enforced disappearances of Balochis.
Dozens of extrajudicial killings of Balochis have been reported by rights groups. The Baloch insurgency is now in its fifth wave since 2005&nbsp;as the local discontent against Pakistan grows. Global leaders, including India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi, have brought attention to the plight of Balochis under Pakistani rule.
&nbsp;

Balochistan wants independence: How Pakistan exploited Balochistan and suppressed quest for freedom. Balochistan attacks Baloch insurgency in South Asia

Balochistan independence movement: In recent days, several developments related to the Balochistan independence movement took place, including a declaration of a separate Baloch state by some of its leaders, and a coordinated 71 attacks on Pakistani forces. Pakistan has been suppressing the Baloch independence movement, even as it exploits the resource-rich province. Here is what you should know about the Balochistan quest for freedom from Pakistan. Where is Balochistan? Balochistan is Pakistan’s largest province by area, spanning around 44 per cent of the South Asian nation’s territory. It is also Pakistan's poorest province. Balochistan has some 13 million ethnic Baloch population. The Balochis are an Iranic group with a distinct language and tribal culture different from Pakistan. In fact, historically, the Balochistan region included parts of Iran and Afghanistan, besides Pakistan. The Balochistan independence movement seeks autonomy or full independence for Balochistan. What is Balochistan independence movement? The Balochistan's independence movement is as old as the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The erstwhile princely state of Kalat declared independence after the Partition of the Indian subcontinent by the departing British colonisers. But Balochistan was forcibly annexed by Pakistan in 1948. Over the years, Balochistan was politically and economically marginalised by Pakistan, along with human rights abuse of Balochis. Balochistan: a land rich in natural resources, where people remain poor Most Balochis are poor, which is strange given that their land is rich in resources such as natural gas, coal, copper and gold. Over the years, Pakistan exploited these resources through the Sui Gas Fields, Saindak, and Reko Diq mines, among others. These projects earned massive revenues for Pakistan, but Balochis were neglected, with Balochistan continuing to be Pakistan’s poorest province. EXCLUSIVE| 'Things have got worse in Balochistan': Akbar Bugti's grandson appeals for global support According to recent estimates, the GDP per capita of Balochistan is $710, while the poverty rate increased from 48 per cent in 2001 to 58 per cent by 2017. Baloch nationalists contend that Pakistan profits by exploiting its resources and channels the proceeds to Punjab-dominated elites, even as the locals suffer from unemployment and underdevelopment. The China factor in Baloch independence movement : The fight against CPEC In recent years, the Baloch nationalists focused their attention on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The $62 billion infrastructure project linking China's Xinjiang to the Gwadar deep-water port runs through Balochistan and has led to the displacement of Baloch populations. Balochis are angry that Pakistan has prioritised Chinese interests even as CPEC, a part of China's ambitious Belt and Road Initiative or BRI, did not bring economic benefits to Balochistan. Leaders of Baloch movement were killed or repressed The Balochistan independence movement is carried out through a number of organisations, including some that use military means to fight the Pakistani forces. There have been at least five major uprisings against Pakistan. In 2005, Nawab Akbar Bugti, a former governor and tribal chief of the Balochis, led a rebellion. But he was killed in a 2006 Pakistani military offensive. The killing did not stop the Balochis. In fact, it reinvigorated their movement. Nawab Bugti's grandson, Brahamdagh Bugti, who lives in exile in Switzerland, heads the Baloch Republican Party, advocating for independence. Pakistan’s battle within: 7 soldiers killed in IED blast in Balochistan Hyrbyair Marri, who is the son of another Baloch nationalist leader Khair Bakhsh Marri, leads the Free Balochistan Movement from London, and seeks a secular, democratic Balochistan. Dr Allah Nazar, leader of the Baloch Liberation Front, operates from Balochistan’s Makran region, focusing on guerrilla tactics. Another top figure of Baloch movement, Ghulam Mohammed Baloch was killed in 2009, allegedly by Pakistani forces, drawing condemnation from the United Nations. Top Baloch independence movement organisations Currently, the top groups in Balochistan Independence movement are the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA), Baloch Liberation Front (BLF), and Baloch Republican Army (BRA). The BLA, formed in 2000 and led by Hyrbyair Marri, is the largest and most active militant force among the Balochs and has carried out bombings and attacks on infrastructure as well as Pakistan security forces. The Majeed Brigade of BLA carried out the “Operation Herof” this week, with 71 coordinated attacks targeting military and CPEC assets. Balochistan on the brink: Armed militants seize checkposts as independence calls grow louder The BLF, led by Allah Nazar, focuses its operations mainly in southern Balochistan. Another group, the BRA, tied to Brahamdagh Bugti, also attacks security forces and opposes political dialogue. Many of these groups have set aside their tribal rivalries and unified recently, forming alliances like BRAS with Sindhi separatists to fight Pakistan together. How Pakistan suppressed the Balochi independence movement Pakistan’s response has been brutal, even as it suffered military casualties, including in the recent train hijacking. ‘Republic of Balochistan’ trends on X after activists declare independence from Pakistan Pakistan has subjected Baloch nationalist leaders to severe repression. There have been a reported 5,000 enforced disappearances of Balochis. Dozens of extrajudicial killings of Balochis have been reported by rights groups. The Baloch insurgency is now in its fifth wave since 2005 as the local discontent against Pakistan grows. Global leaders, including India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi, have brought attention to the plight of Balochis under Pakistani rule.

Balochistan wants independence: How Pakistan exploited Balochistan and suppressed its quest for freedom

Operation Sindoor and India's drone capabilities: Operation Sindoor, India's military mission targeting terror infrastructure in Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir and deep inside Pakistan in response to the Pahalgam terror attack, brought sharp focus on the country's drone capabilities. Shining in surveillance, offensive and defensive roles, India's drone capabilities prove that in the next few years, with a focus on 'Make in India', India will emerge as a hub for these unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs.
India has clear ambitions of becoming a drone manufacturing centre by 2030, with the twin aims of not only reducing imports but also being able to export military drones.
Here is what you should know about India's drone arsenal. 
<iframe width="600" height="auto" style="width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/3;" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" class="external-video publive-iframes-block" src="https://cdn.thepublive.com/wion/static/kaltura_player/wion_video_player_iframe.html?thumbnail=wion/media/post_attachments/screenshot/1405_DRONE_930AM/00000002.jpg&amp;videourl=https://vodakm.zeenews.com/vod/WION/1405_DRONE_930AM.mp4/index.m3u8&amp;duration=158&amp;tags=operation sindoor, india strikes pakistan" title="Operation Sindoor: India&rsquo;s Drone Industry Takes Flight | WION World Business Watch" id="PL_iframe_block-map469v9-0z50ac6z-np3v0ijj"></iframe>
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<h2>India&rsquo;s military drones include imports and local development</h2>
India's drone capacity building accelerated in recent years, particularly with a focus on China, in the context of recent border standoffs along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Local development through projects like Ghatak seek to counter China's growth in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tech.
During Operation Sindoor, it became evident that Pakistan has been amassing drones over these years, which it used unsuccessfully in swarm operations after India's May 7 offensive. India thwarted Pakistan&rsquo;s Turkish and Chinese drones, which it had been using for years for infiltration, surveillance and strikes against India.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/bhargavastra-indias-game-changing-drone-slayer-redefines-defence-power-9070919">Bhargavastra: India&rsquo;s game-changing drone slayer redefines defence power</a>
For drone development and manufacturing, the focus is on Make in India. indigenous efforts are led by Defence Research and Development Organisation or DRDO, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited or HAL, and private players.
DRDO and HAL have entered into public-privatership programmes with companies like EEL, IdeaForge, and Adani Defence.
<h2>India's drone warfare: How are military drones used? </h2>
Indian military uses drones for surveillance and reconnaissance, precision strikes, swarm operations and providing logistics. Drones like Heron, Drishti 10, and Tapas do surveillance and reconnaissance in border areas. Nagastra-1 and Harop drones can carry out targeted strikes, as proven in Operation Sindoor. Swarm drones can overwhelm the enemy defences and hit its critical infrastructure. Some drones support cargo delivery to high-altitude areas.
India has also developed effective counter-drone operations.&nbsp; During Operation Sindoor, the counter-drone system 'Bhargavastra' and DRDO&rsquo;s anti-drone technology were used to defend Indian airspace from Pakistani drones.
<h2>India's imported drones </h2>
While estimates vary, India is thought to possess up to 2,500 drones according to reports.&nbsp;India's imported drones are mainly from Israel and the US. Israeli and US drones have been imported by India over the years, particularly since 1999 Kargil War.
The Heron Series - Heron I and Heron Mk II - are medium-altitude long-endurance or MALE drones, which Inda uses for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance or ISR. Heron drones are at work along border with China.&nbsp;Searcher Mk II is used for surveillance and reconnaissance by the Indian forces.&nbsp;Harop drones are "kamikaze" or suicide drones that can conduct precision strikes, and were reportedly used during Operation Sindoor.
Hermes 900 and 450 drones, made in India in a joint venture with Israel, are another MALE drone.&nbsp; A varient of Hermes 900,&nbsp; Drishti 10 Starliner, has 70 per cent indigenous components.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/hard-kill-counter-drone-system-what-is-indias-bhargavastra-a-step-forward-in-protecting-nation-from-drone-swarms-9069152">'Hard-kill counter drone system': What is India's Bhargavastra, a step forward in protecting nation from drone swarms</a>
In terms of total value, the US is India's largest source of military drones, with a deal for&nbsp; $3.5 billion signed in October 2024 for 31 MQ-9B Sea and Sky Guardian high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) armed drones.
<h2>India's drone manufacturing efforts are growing</h2>
India seeks to achieve self-reliance by making everything from tactical mini-drones to advanced MALE and UCAVs. The DRDO, private industry, and startups are leading India's domestic drone manufacturing.
DRDO-led drones include the Rustom series. Rustom-1 is a short-range remotely piloted aircraft system that has automatic takeoff and landing capability using India&rsquo;s GAGAN SBAS.&nbsp;Archer-NG, being developed at the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE),&nbsp; can carry anti-airfield weapons. Ghatak UCAV, developed by ADE has a weapons bay for missiles and precision-guided munitions.
DRDO, in partnership with private firms like Kadet Defence Systems, has developed India&rsquo;s loitering aerial munitions (LAM) or&nbsp; "kamikaze" drones, which enhance its strike capabilities.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/operation-sindoor-turkey-sent-military-operatives-to-pakistan-helped-in-drone-strikes-against-india-9069021">Operation Sindoor: Turkey reportedly sent military operatives to Pakistan, helped in drone strikes against India</a>
Nagastra-1, developed by Economic Explosives Limited (EEL), is a loitering munition that can conduct GPS-enabled precision strikes.&nbsp;Drishti 10 Starliner and Netra quadcopter are among drones developed in public-private partnerships.&nbsp;
NewSpace Research &amp; Technologies delivered India&rsquo;s first heterogeneous swarm drone system to the Indian Army in February 2023, capable of offensive and defensive operations that can overwhelm the enemy.
HAL CATS Warrior, developed jointly by HAL and NewSpace R&amp;D, is a Combat Air Teaming System that can integrate fighter jets with swarming drones for deep strikes and surveillance.
Kadet Defence Systems is another firm that develops military drones.
<h2>Counteroffensive systems in India's drone warfare arsenal</h2>
Bhargavastra, a counter-drone system, can detect drones at over 6 km and neutralise them with 64 micro-missiles. During the Operation Sindoor, Bhargavastra system, developed by Solar Defence and Aerospace Limited (SDAL) and Economic Explosives Ltd, neutralised more than 50 Pakistani drone attacks.
DRDO has developed an Anti-Drone System that can jam enemy drones. It also has laser-based hard-kill capabilities.
<h2>Policy initiatives for military drones</h2>
Indian government has introduced several policy incentives for developing military drones. These include grants as well as open challenges to startups for building military drones.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-pak-tensions-first-civilian-casualty-outside-jk-punjab-woman-dies-after-pakistani-drone-attack-ferozepur-operation-sindoor-9065459">First civilian casualty outside J&amp;K: Punjab woman dies after Pakistani drone attack</a>
Key among them are the Indigenously Designed, Developed, and Manufactured (IDDM) pathway, iDEX and Technology Development Fund. In 2021, India simplified drone regulations to encourage domestic manufacturing and innovation.&nbsp;The 2022 drone import ban pushed private firms to develop drones locally.

Operation Sindoor - India’s military drones surveillance, reconnaissance, and combat capabilities thwarted Turkish and Chinese drones Trending | India News Pakistan

Operation Sindoor and India's drone capabilities: Operation Sindoor, India's military mission targeting terror infrastructure in Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir and deep inside Pakistan in response to the Pahalgam terror attack, brought sharp focus on the country's drone capabilities. Shining in surveillance, offensive and defensive roles, India's drone capabilities prove that in the next few years, with a focus on 'Make in India', India will emerge as a hub for these unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs. India has clear ambitions of becoming a drone manufacturing centre by 2030, with the twin aims of not only reducing imports but also being able to export military drones. Here is what you should know about India's drone arsenal. India’s military drones include imports and local development India's drone capacity building accelerated in recent years, particularly with a focus on China, in the context of recent border standoffs along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Local development through projects like Ghatak seek to counter China's growth in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tech. During Operation Sindoor, it became evident that Pakistan has been amassing drones over these years, which it used unsuccessfully in swarm operations after India's May 7 offensive. India thwarted Pakistan’s Turkish and Chinese drones, which it had been using for years for infiltration, surveillance and strikes against India. Bhargavastra: India’s game-changing drone slayer redefines defence power For drone development and manufacturing, the focus is on Make in India. indigenous efforts are led by Defence Research and Development Organisation or DRDO, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited or HAL, and private players. DRDO and HAL have entered into public-privatership programmes with companies like EEL, IdeaForge, and Adani Defence. India's drone warfare: How are military drones used? Indian military uses drones for surveillance and reconnaissance, precision strikes, swarm operations and providing logistics. Drones like Heron, Drishti 10, and Tapas do surveillance and reconnaissance in border areas. Nagastra-1 and Harop drones can carry out targeted strikes, as proven in Operation Sindoor. Swarm drones can overwhelm the enemy defences and hit its critical infrastructure. Some drones support cargo delivery to high-altitude areas. India has also developed effective counter-drone operations. During Operation Sindoor, the counter-drone system 'Bhargavastra' and DRDO’s anti-drone technology were used to defend Indian airspace from Pakistani drones. India's imported drones While estimates vary, India is thought to possess up to 2,500 drones according to reports. India's imported drones are mainly from Israel and the US. Israeli and US drones have been imported by India over the years, particularly since 1999 Kargil War. The Heron Series - Heron I and Heron Mk II - are medium-altitude long-endurance or MALE drones, which Inda uses for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance or ISR. Heron drones are at work along border with China. Searcher Mk II is used for surveillance and reconnaissance by the Indian forces. Harop drones are "kamikaze" or suicide drones that can conduct precision strikes, and were reportedly used during Operation Sindoor. Hermes 900 and 450 drones, made in India in a joint venture with Israel, are another MALE drone. A varient of Hermes 900, Drishti 10 Starliner, has 70 per cent indigenous components. 'Hard-kill counter drone system': What is India's Bhargavastra, a step forward in protecting nation from drone swarms In terms of total value, the US is India's largest source of military drones, with a deal for $3.5 billion signed in October 2024 for 31 MQ-9B Sea and Sky Guardian high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) armed drones. India's drone manufacturing efforts are growing India seeks to achieve self-reliance by making everything from tactical mini-drones to advanced MALE and UCAVs. The DRDO, private industry, and startups are leading India's domestic drone manufacturing. DRDO-led drones include the Rustom series. Rustom-1 is a short-range remotely piloted aircraft system that has automatic takeoff and landing capability using India’s GAGAN SBAS. Archer-NG, being developed at the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), can carry anti-airfield weapons. Ghatak UCAV, developed by ADE has a weapons bay for missiles and precision-guided munitions. DRDO, in partnership with private firms like Kadet Defence Systems, has developed India’s loitering aerial munitions (LAM) or "kamikaze" drones, which enhance its strike capabilities. Operation Sindoor: Turkey reportedly sent military operatives to Pakistan, helped in drone strikes against India Nagastra-1, developed by Economic Explosives Limited (EEL), is a loitering munition that can conduct GPS-enabled precision strikes. Drishti 10 Starliner and Netra quadcopter are among drones developed in public-private partnerships. NewSpace Research & Technologies delivered India’s first heterogeneous swarm drone system to the Indian Army in February 2023, capable of offensive and defensive operations that can overwhelm the enemy. HAL CATS Warrior, developed jointly by HAL and NewSpace R&D, is a Combat Air Teaming System that can integrate fighter jets with swarming drones for deep strikes and surveillance. Kadet Defence Systems is another firm that develops military drones. Counteroffensive systems in India's drone warfare arsenal Bhargavastra, a counter-drone system, can detect drones at over 6 km and neutralise them with 64 micro-missiles. During the Operation Sindoor, Bhargavastra system, developed by Solar Defence and Aerospace Limited (SDAL) and Economic Explosives Ltd, neutralised more than 50 Pakistani drone attacks. DRDO has developed an Anti-Drone System that can jam enemy drones. It also has laser-based hard-kill capabilities. Policy initiatives for military drones Indian government has introduced several policy incentives for developing military drones. These include grants as well as open challenges to startups for building military drones. First civilian casualty outside J&K: Punjab woman dies after Pakistani drone attack Key among them are the Indigenously Designed, Developed, and Manufactured (IDDM) pathway, iDEX and Technology Development Fund. In 2021, India simplified drone regulations to encourage domestic manufacturing and innovation. The 2022 drone import ban pushed private firms to develop drones locally.

Operation Sindoor proved Indian drones' lethal power, locally made military drones will soon make India a 'drone-Aachaarya'

'Lashkar operative' met Bangladeshi minister around time of Pahalgam terror attack: The US state department recently deflected a question about rise of radicalism in Bangladesh in the context of an alleged 'Laskar-e-Taiba operative' meeting a government official around the time of the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack in India's Jammu and Kashmir. This has raised a lot of curiosity about Mufti Harun, the leader of Hefajat-e-Islam, a radical group that was dismantled during the ousted prime minister Sheikh Hasina's Awami League regime. 
The question was raised to a US state department official on Tuesday (May 13) in the wake of reports that the interim Bangladeshi government of Muhammad Yunus is banning the activities of Awami League.
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<iframe width="600" height="auto" style="width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/3;" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" class="external-video publive-iframes-block" src="https://cdn.thepublive.com/wion/static/kaltura_player/wion_video_player_iframe.html?thumbnail=wion/media/post_attachments/screenshot/1305_WION_party_10pm/00000002.jpg&amp;videourl=https://vodakm.zeenews.com/vod/WION/1305_WION_party_10pm.mp4/index.m3u8&amp;duration=165&amp;tags=Bangladesh, Yunus, World News, WION" title="Bangladesh bans ousted PM Sheikh Hasina's Awami League, suspends party registration" id="PL_iframe_block-manupa75-x5h8a48w-7mrlee6c"></iframe>
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There have been reports amid Operation Sindoor, India's military response to Pahalgam attack,&nbsp; that the interim Bangladeshi&nbsp; dispensation is renewing links with radical and extremist elements.&nbsp;
At least 26 tourists, mostly Indian Hindus, were killed and more than 20 others injured in the Pahalgam attack, which led to India's Operation Sindoor on May 7.
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<h2>About the meeting between Yunus cabinet member Dr Asif Nazrul and Hefazat-e-Islam leader Mufiti Harun Izhar </h2>
According to reports, Dr Asif Nazrul, the law adviser to the interim government of Bangladesh, met with Hefazat-e-Islam leader Mufti Harun Izhar.
The meeting between the official and the alleged Lashkar operative Mufti Harun is significant, as LeT is the Pakistan-based terror organisation behind the Pahalgam attack.
The two reportedly discussed legal cases filed against Islamic scholars and Hefazat leaders.
Posting on his Facebook page, Mufti Harun Izhar said on April 23, &ldquo;Driven by our longstanding commitment to legal humanitarian support for the oppressed, we have held multiple rounds of dialogue with the relevant authorities. As part of this process, we held a private meeting with the Law Adviser.&rdquo;
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/operation-sindoor-india-strikes-lashkar-e-taiba-headquarters-masood-azhars-madrasa-and-hafiz-saeed-linked-terror-camps-9042906">Operation Sindoor: India strikes Lashkar-e-Taiba headquarters, Masood Azhar&rsquo;s madrasa &amp; Hafiz Saeed-linked terror camps</a>
Nazrul also posted on Facebook on the same day, saying, &ldquo;During the anti-Islamic regime of Hasina, scholars and religious leaders have been subjected to various forms of persecution, including the filing of false cases. A list of such cases was recently submitted by Hefazat leaders, and steps are being taken to withdraw politically motivated charges.&rdquo;
While there's no clarity as to when the meeting of Izhar and Nazrul took place, Indian strategic circles are watching the neighbour, which has now gravitated towards Pakistan since the ouster of Hasina.
Observers have underlined how India needs to be cautious and wary of such developments.&nbsp;
<h2>Who is Mufti Harun Izhar, the Hefazat/Lashkar operative?</h2>
&nbsp;
Mufti Harun Izhar is one of the central leaders of Hefazat-e-Islam, an Islamist advocacy group consisting mostly of religious teachers and students.&nbsp;Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh means 'Protection of Islam, Bangladesh'.
A radical preacher with a huge following on social media, Izhar has been involved in anti-India activities in Bangladesh.
In 2021, a court in Chattogram put him on a nine-day remand in three cases over violence around the time of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bangladesh visit.
&nbsp;
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-gives-proof-to-un-on-pakistan-based-terror-role-of-lashkar-offshoot-trf-exposed-9043628">Operation Sindoor | India gives proof to UN on Pakistan-based terror; role of Lashkar offshoot TRF exposed</a>
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Mufti Harun Izhar served as the education and cultural affairs secretary of the central committee of Hefazat-e-Islam.
He was arrested from Jamiyatul Ulum Al Islamia madrasa in Chattogram city on 29 April 2021.
&nbsp;
<h2>What was US reaction when asked about Mufti Harun meeting Bangladeshi govt official?</h2>
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The United States said it is aware of the interim government&rsquo;s decision to ban the Awami League, but deflected the question on the official meeting Mufti Harun.
The US response came after a journalist asked how the State Department views the Bangladesh interim government&rsquo;s ordinance banning the political activities of the country&rsquo;s largest party, the Awami League.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/pahalgam-terror-attack-india-confirms-spy-agency-isi-lashkar-and-pakistan-army-role-9026584">Pahalgam terror attack: India confirms spy agency ISI, Lashkar and Pakistan Army role</a>
&ldquo;We do not support any one political party in Bangladesh over another. We support a free and democratic process, as well as fair and transparent legal proceedings for all individuals. We urge all countries, including Bangladesh, to respect the freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly, and association for all,&rdquo; said Tommy Pigott, Principal Deputy Spokesperson for the US State Department.
He was also asked about the Yunus government's fostering of radical ideologies and enabling terrorism, in the context of the alleged meeting between Nazrul and Harun Izhar.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/unsc-1267-india-trf-pahalgam-terror-attack-pakistan-operation-sindoor-9064955">What is UNSC 1267? Sanctions committee where India plans to list TRF over Pahalgam attack, call out Pakistan&rsquo;s support for terror groups</a>
In reply, Pigott said,&nbsp;&ldquo;We value our partnership with the people of Bangladesh spanning more than 50 years. We remain committed to deepening our partnership by working with the interim government. And I already commented on your other question there, but nothing further to add.&rdquo;

Operation Sindoor Pahalgam attack terrorism Lashkar-e-Taiba operative Mufti Harun met a Bangladesh official before Kashmir terror attack. South Asia | Bangladesh | Pakistan | India News

'Lashkar operative' met Bangladeshi minister around time of Pahalgam terror attack: The US state department recently deflected a question about rise of radicalism in Bangladesh in the context of an alleged 'Laskar-e-Taiba operative' meeting a government official around the time of the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack in India's Jammu and Kashmir. This has raised a lot of curiosity about Mufti Harun, the leader of Hefajat-e-Islam, a radical group that was dismantled during the ousted prime minister Sheikh Hasina's Awami League regime. The question was raised to a US state department official on Tuesday (May 13) in the wake of reports that the interim Bangladeshi government of Muhammad Yunus is banning the activities of Awami League. There have been reports amid Operation Sindoor, India's military response to Pahalgam attack, that the interim Bangladeshi dispensation is renewing links with radical and extremist elements. At least 26 tourists, mostly Indian Hindus, were killed and more than 20 others injured in the Pahalgam attack, which led to India's Operation Sindoor on May 7. About the meeting between Yunus cabinet member Dr Asif Nazrul and Hefazat-e-Islam leader Mufiti Harun Izhar According to reports, Dr Asif Nazrul, the law adviser to the interim government of Bangladesh, met with Hefazat-e-Islam leader Mufti Harun Izhar. The meeting between the official and the alleged Lashkar operative Mufti Harun is significant, as LeT is the Pakistan-based terror organisation behind the Pahalgam attack. The two reportedly discussed legal cases filed against Islamic scholars and Hefazat leaders. Posting on his Facebook page, Mufti Harun Izhar said on April 23, “Driven by our longstanding commitment to legal humanitarian support for the oppressed, we have held multiple rounds of dialogue with the relevant authorities. As part of this process, we held a private meeting with the Law Adviser.” Operation Sindoor: India strikes Lashkar-e-Taiba headquarters, Masood Azhar’s madrasa & Hafiz Saeed-linked terror camps Nazrul also posted on Facebook on the same day, saying, “During the anti-Islamic regime of Hasina, scholars and religious leaders have been subjected to various forms of persecution, including the filing of false cases. A list of such cases was recently submitted by Hefazat leaders, and steps are being taken to withdraw politically motivated charges.” While there's no clarity as to when the meeting of Izhar and Nazrul took place, Indian strategic circles are watching the neighbour, which has now gravitated towards Pakistan since the ouster of Hasina. Observers have underlined how India needs to be cautious and wary of such developments. Who is Mufti Harun Izhar, the Hefazat/Lashkar operative? Mufti Harun Izhar is one of the central leaders of Hefazat-e-Islam, an Islamist advocacy group consisting mostly of religious teachers and students. Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh means 'Protection of Islam, Bangladesh'. A radical preacher with a huge following on social media, Izhar has been involved in anti-India activities in Bangladesh. In 2021, a court in Chattogram put him on a nine-day remand in three cases over violence around the time of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bangladesh visit. Operation Sindoor | India gives proof to UN on Pakistan-based terror; role of Lashkar offshoot TRF exposed Mufti Harun Izhar served as the education and cultural affairs secretary of the central committee of Hefazat-e-Islam. He was arrested from Jamiyatul Ulum Al Islamia madrasa in Chattogram city on 29 April 2021. What was US reaction when asked about Mufti Harun meeting Bangladeshi govt official? The United States said it is aware of the interim government’s decision to ban the Awami League, but deflected the question on the official meeting Mufti Harun. The US response came after a journalist asked how the State Department views the Bangladesh interim government’s ordinance banning the political activities of the country’s largest party, the Awami League. Pahalgam terror attack: India confirms spy agency ISI, Lashkar and Pakistan Army role “We do not support any one political party in Bangladesh over another. We support a free and democratic process, as well as fair and transparent legal proceedings for all individuals. We urge all countries, including Bangladesh, to respect the freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly, and association for all,” said Tommy Pigott, Principal Deputy Spokesperson for the US State Department. He was also asked about the Yunus government's fostering of radical ideologies and enabling terrorism, in the context of the alleged meeting between Nazrul and Harun Izhar. What is UNSC 1267? Sanctions committee where India plans to list TRF over Pahalgam attack, call out Pakistan’s support for terror groups In reply, Pigott said, “We value our partnership with the people of Bangladesh spanning more than 50 years. We remain committed to deepening our partnership by working with the interim government. And I already commented on your other question there, but nothing further to add.”

Did a 'Lashkar-e-Taiba operative' meet a Bangladeshi official before Pahalgam terror attack? US deflects question, but what happened?

Operation Sindoor and India's missile programmes:&nbsp;The success of Operation Sindoor was a testimony to India's missile technology prowess, as the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile debuted in the nation's response to the Pahalgam terror attack. The Indian Air Force targeted terror infrastructure in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and Pakistan's Punjab province, with missiles including Brahmos. It would be a good time to remember Tessy Thomas, the "Missile Woman of India," who led the Agni programme, the key missiles in India's nuclear arsenal.
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<iframe width="600" height="auto" style="width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/3;" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" class="external-video publive-iframes-block" src="https://cdn.thepublive.com/wion/static/kaltura_player/wion_video_player_iframe.html?thumbnail=wion/media/post_attachments/screenshot/WEB_CHUNK_1305WI_OP_SINDOOR/00000002.jpg&amp;videourl=https://vodakm.zeenews.com/vod/WION/WEB_CHUNK_1305WI_OP_SINDOOR_.mp4/index.m3u8&amp;duration=351&amp;tags=India, Pakistan, World News, WION" title="India's missile strike on Nur Khan, Sargodha bases sends nuclear shockwaves across Pak" id="PL_iframe_block-manrael4-9k7jgakr-qxoxdx79"></iframe>
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<h2>About Dr Tessy Thomas, India's 'Agni Putri'</h2>
&nbsp;
Dr Tessy Thomas, who worked as Director General of Aeronautical Systems at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). She&nbsp; is the first female scientist to head a missile project in India.
Tessy Thomas led the Agni programme of India's nuclear-capable missiles, which included the Agni-III, Agni-IV, and Agni-V. Her work on missile technologies, particularly her expertise in solid propellant systems, contributed greatly to India's defence capabilities.
&nbsp;
<h2>Tessy Thomas: Life and career of India's missile woman</h2>
Tessy Thomas was born in April 1963 in the Alappuzha district of the southern Indian state of Kerala.
She has a Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering from Government Engineering College, Thrissur and Master of Technology in Guided Missiles from the Institute of Armament Technology, Pune.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/how-indias-agni-missiles-are-better-than-pakistans-ghauri-9001559">How India's Agni missiles are better than Pakistan's Ghauri</a>
She also did an MBA in Operations Management and a PhD in Missile Guidance under DRDO.
Thomas joined the DRDO in 1988, contributing to India&rsquo;s long-range missile programme. &nbsp;
<h2>Contributions of Tessy Thomas to the Agni missile projects </h2>
Tessy Thomas initially worked on the Agni missile series, focusing on guidance and control systems.&nbsp;She contributed to the development of Agni-II and Agni-III missiles, including inertial navigation systems for accuracy.&nbsp;She made crucial contributions to the development of the re-entry system for these missiles.&nbsp;
Thomas was the Associate Project Director of Agni-III, a nuclear-capable missile with a range exceeding 3,000 kilometres.
&nbsp;
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/operation-sindoor-high-level-cabinet-committee-meeting-chaired-by-pm-modi-on-national-security-concludes-9067565">Operation Sindoor: High-level Cabinet Committee meeting chaired by PM Modi on national security concludes</a>
 For the Agni-IV missile, she was the project director.&nbsp;Agni-IV is a two-stage solid-fueled missile with a range of 4,000 km.&nbsp;It was successfully test-fired in November 2011, enhancing India&rsquo;s deterrence capabilities.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/how-pakistans-ghauri-compares-with-indias-agni-missiles-201095">How Pakistan's Ghauri compares with India's Agni missiles</a>
Thomas helped introduce advanced technologies like composite rocket motors and micro-navigation systems for improved precision. &nbsp;&nbsp; Tessy Thomas also led the Agni-V project, one of the most important landmarks for India's missile development journey.
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions/indias-firepower-crushes-turkeys-betrayal-operation-sindoor-exposes-pakistans-ally-9067592">India firepower crushes Turkey&rsquo;s betrayal Operation Sindoor exposes Pakistan ally</a>
Agni-V is India&rsquo;s first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) with a range exceeding 5,000 kilometres. Successfully test-launched on 19 April 2012, Agni introduced advanced systems like canister launch and MIRVs or multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles.
&nbsp;
<h2>Tessy Thomas: A woman in a male-dominated field</h2>
&nbsp;
Known as 'Agni Putri' (daughter of fire) for her leadership in missile development, Tessy Thomas is the first woman to lead significant defence projects in a male-dominated field.
An inspirational figure for many, Tessy Thomas serves as the Director General of Aeronautical Systems at DRDO, and continues to contribute to India's defence capabilities.

Operation Sindoor: How Dr Tessy Thomas, India's 'missile woman' helped develop Agni missiles, the nation's premier nuclear weapon system.  Trending | India News

Operation Sindoor and India's missile programmes: The success of Operation Sindoor was a testimony to India's missile technology prowess, as the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile debuted in the nation's response to the Pahalgam terror attack. The Indian Air Force targeted terror infrastructure in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and Pakistan's Punjab province, with missiles including Brahmos. It would be a good time to remember Tessy Thomas, the "Missile Woman of India," who led the Agni programme, the key missiles in India's nuclear arsenal. About Dr Tessy Thomas, India's 'Agni Putri' Dr Tessy Thomas, who worked as Director General of Aeronautical Systems at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). She is the first female scientist to head a missile project in India. Tessy Thomas led the Agni programme of India's nuclear-capable missiles, which included the Agni-III, Agni-IV, and Agni-V. Her work on missile technologies, particularly her expertise in solid propellant systems, contributed greatly to India's defence capabilities. Tessy Thomas: Life and career of India's missile woman Tessy Thomas was born in April 1963 in the Alappuzha district of the southern Indian state of Kerala. She has a Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering from Government Engineering College, Thrissur and Master of Technology in Guided Missiles from the Institute of Armament Technology, Pune. How India's Agni missiles are better than Pakistan's Ghauri She also did an MBA in Operations Management and a PhD in Missile Guidance under DRDO. Thomas joined the DRDO in 1988, contributing to India’s long-range missile programme. Contributions of Tessy Thomas to the Agni missile projects Tessy Thomas initially worked on the Agni missile series, focusing on guidance and control systems. She contributed to the development of Agni-II and Agni-III missiles, including inertial navigation systems for accuracy. She made crucial contributions to the development of the re-entry system for these missiles. Thomas was the Associate Project Director of Agni-III, a nuclear-capable missile with a range exceeding 3,000 kilometres. Operation Sindoor: High-level Cabinet Committee meeting chaired by PM Modi on national security concludes For the Agni-IV missile, she was the project director. Agni-IV is a two-stage solid-fueled missile with a range of 4,000 km. It was successfully test-fired in November 2011, enhancing India’s deterrence capabilities. How Pakistan's Ghauri compares with India's Agni missiles Thomas helped introduce advanced technologies like composite rocket motors and micro-navigation systems for improved precision. Tessy Thomas also led the Agni-V project, one of the most important landmarks for India's missile development journey. India firepower crushes Turkey’s betrayal Operation Sindoor exposes Pakistan ally Agni-V is India’s first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) with a range exceeding 5,000 kilometres. Successfully test-launched on 19 April 2012, Agni introduced advanced systems like canister launch and MIRVs or multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles. Tessy Thomas: A woman in a male-dominated field Known as 'Agni Putri' (daughter of fire) for her leadership in missile development, Tessy Thomas is the first woman to lead significant defence projects in a male-dominated field. An inspirational figure for many, Tessy Thomas serves as the Director General of Aeronautical Systems at DRDO, and continues to contribute to India's defence capabilities.

Who is India's 'missile woman'? How Tessy Thomas helped develop Agni missiles, the nation's premier nuclear weapon system

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