To combat various types of investment-related scams and cybercrimes that affect Indian investors, the Securities and Exchange Board of India(SEBI) Chief has urged investors to verify the authenticity of bank accounts, QR codes, and UPI IDs of SEBI-registered intermediaries, before making any payment towards investments. Tuhin Kanta Pandey, Chairman, SEBI was referring to the "SEBI Check" feature on SEBI's "Saarthi" mobile app, which allows users to upload QR codes, key in UPI IDs, Bank account numbers and IFSC codes, for instant verification of the credentials of SEBI-registered entities.&nbsp;SEBI is the statutory regulatory body for the securities (stock) and commodity markets in India. It functions under the administrative domain of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Speaking in Chennai on the sidelines of an event hosted by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in Chennai, Pandey said that SEBI is undertaking various initiatives to educate and safeguard investors. He said that this outreach would be done via multi-lingual Youtube channels of SEBI.&nbsp;&nbsp;Describing the southern states as one of the principal growth engines of the national economy, contributing approximately 30 per cent of India’s GDP, the SEBI Chief highlighted the region’s deep integration with global value chains, its leadership in attracting foreign direct investment and its emergence as a hub for manufacturing, services, exports, research &amp; development, data centres and artificial intelligence clusters. He noted that Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Telangana consistently rank among the top states in mutual fund assets under management and exhibit securities-market penetration levels well above the national average.As part of the CII interaction, industrialists and business leaders from pharmaceuticals, healthcare, FMCG, engineering &amp; capital goods, petrochemicals, automobiles &amp; auto components, textiles, manufacturing, MSMEs, logistics, information technology, financial services, construction &amp; real estate and agri-value-chain sectors raised a wide range of matters with the SEBI Chief. In response, he assured detailed examination of all written submissions and emphasized SEBI’s consultative, co-creative approach to regulation.&nbsp;Presenting the latest market data, he informed the gathering that "equity capital raised between April and October 2025 has already crossed ₹2.5 lakh crore while corporate bond issuances have touched nearly ₹5.5 lakh crore during the same period. With 186 IPOs garnering around ₹700 billion, India continues to rank first globally in the number of IPOs and third in terms of value raised".&nbsp;The SEBI Chief encouraged CII Southern Region to launch a structured mentorship programme to prepare high-quality Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSMEs) for public listing over the next three to five years. He added that about 1,000 firms based in Southern India, specifically MSMEs could go public.

The SEBI Chief encouraged CII Southern Region to launch a structured mentorship programme to prepare high-quality Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSMEs) for public listing over the next three to five years. 

To combat various types of investment-related scams and cybercrimes that affect Indian investors, the Securities and Exchange Board of India(SEBI) Chief has urged investors to verify the authenticity of bank accounts, QR codes, and UPI IDs of SEBI-registered intermediaries, before making any payment towards investments. Tuhin Kanta Pandey, Chairman, SEBI was referring to the "SEBI Check" feature on SEBI's "Saarthi" mobile app, which allows users to upload QR codes, key in UPI IDs, Bank account numbers and IFSC codes, for instant verification of the credentials of SEBI-registered entities. SEBI is the statutory regulatory body for the securities (stock) and commodity markets in India. It functions under the administrative domain of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Speaking in Chennai on the sidelines of an event hosted by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in Chennai, Pandey said that SEBI is undertaking various initiatives to educate and safeguard investors. He said that this outreach would be done via multi-lingual Youtube channels of SEBI. Describing the southern states as one of the principal growth engines of the national economy, contributing approximately 30 per cent of India’s GDP, the SEBI Chief highlighted the region’s deep integration with global value chains, its leadership in attracting foreign direct investment and its emergence as a hub for manufacturing, services, exports, research & development, data centres and artificial intelligence clusters. He noted that Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Telangana consistently rank among the top states in mutual fund assets under management and exhibit securities-market penetration levels well above the national average. As part of the CII interaction, industrialists and business leaders from pharmaceuticals, healthcare, FMCG, engineering & capital goods, petrochemicals, automobiles & auto components, textiles, manufacturing, MSMEs, logistics, information technology, financial services, construction & real estate and agri-value-chain sectors raised a wide range of matters with the SEBI Chief. In response, he assured detailed examination of all written submissions and emphasized SEBI’s consultative, co-creative approach to regulation. Presenting the latest market data, he informed the gathering that "equity capital raised between April and October 2025 has already crossed ₹2.5 lakh crore while corporate bond issuances have touched nearly ₹5.5 lakh crore during the same period. With 186 IPOs garnering around ₹700 billion, India continues to rank first globally in the number of IPOs and third in terms of value raised". The SEBI Chief encouraged CII Southern Region to launch a structured mentorship programme to prepare high-quality Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSMEs) for public listing over the next three to five years. He added that about 1,000 firms based in Southern India, specifically MSMEs could go public.

The SEBI Chief encouraged CII Southern Region to launch a structured mentorship programme to prepare high-quality Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSMEs) for public listing over the next three to five years.&nbsp;

Verify UPI IDs, QR codes on our app to prevent investment fraud: SEBI Chief

As parts of Tamil Nadu brace for the impact of Cyclone Ditwah On Saturday(29th Nov), and Sunday, twenty four teams of the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF), comprising 30-members each have been deployed in the region as a matter of abundant precaution. While 22 teams are placed various&nbsp; districts of Tamil Nadu, two teams have been placed in the adjoining Union Territory of Puducherry. The Indian Air Force strategic airlifter planes such as the C-17 Globemaster III and the IL-76 have been ferrying NDRF teams within India and to neighbouring Sri Lanka.&nbsp;Each 30-member NDRF team carries with it disaster relief material, telecommunications equipment, rubber boats, first aid kits, divers, tree-cutting equipment. The force has also deployed trained detection dogs that can sense human presence under rubble and collapsed structures, aiding in search and rescue in the aftermath of calamities.&nbsp;&nbsp;India is providing humanitarian aid, relief material and rescue support to Sri Lanka after the cyclone's impact caused flooding and landslides, which have claimed over 120 lives. India's aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, and stealth frigate INS Udaygiri that visited Colombo for the International Fleet Review hosted by the Sri Lankan Navy,&nbsp; have also been contributing to India's humanitarian efforts in the island nation.&nbsp;&nbsp;On Thursday, (27th&nbsp;Nov), Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin chaired a meeting of the State government officials to review the measures taken to deal with the impending cyclonic storm. The Chief Minister urged the Revenue Department, Police Department, Fire and Rescue Department, Fisheries Department, Health Department to work in close coordination and serve the people.&nbsp;According to the Indian Meteorological Department(IMD), Cyclonic storm Ditwah is situated parallel to the Tamil Nadu coast, and is over 300kms south of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is likely to continue moving north-northwestwards and head towards North Tamil Nadu-Puducherry-South Andhra Pradesh by Sunday, (30th Nov).&nbsp;&nbsp;As per the rainfall data shared by the IMD on Saturday morning, some parts of Nagapattinam district received between 11-25cms of rainfall in a period of 24hours. Several other locations across the state received 4-10cms of rainfall.&nbsp;For Saturday and Sunday, the IMD has warned of heavy-very heavy(7-20cms) or extremely heavy(over 21cms) rainfall at a few locations in Tamil Nadu. This includes Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Chengalpattu, among others. For Sunday, the IMD has warned of heavy to very heavy rain in Chennai and adjoining districts.&nbsp;&nbsp;Owing to very rough sea conditions along the Tamil Nadu and South Andhra Pradesh coast, IMD has warned fishermen against venturing out to sea until Sunday, (30th Nov). As the system nears the coast, wind speeds are expected to reach up to 90kmph.&nbsp;The formation of multiple weather systems or cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal is typical of the ongoing Northeast monsoon season, which is active between mid-October and mid-December. The Northeast monsoon caters for about 50% or more of the annual rainfall in Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh.&nbsp;This season is known for cyclonic storms or weather systems that form in the Bay of Bengal, which can lead to very heavy rainfall and potential flooding in parts of Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. These rains are also crucial for recharging the water table and the reservoirs.&nbsp;

India is providing humanitarian aid, relief material and rescue support to Sri Lanka after the cyclone's impact caused flooding and landslides, which have claimed over 120 lives. 

As parts of Tamil Nadu brace for the impact of Cyclone Ditwah On Saturday(29th Nov), and Sunday, twenty four teams of the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF), comprising 30-members each have been deployed in the region as a matter of abundant precaution. While 22 teams are placed various districts of Tamil Nadu, two teams have been placed in the adjoining Union Territory of Puducherry. The Indian Air Force strategic airlifter planes such as the C-17 Globemaster III and the IL-76 have been ferrying NDRF teams within India and to neighbouring Sri Lanka. Each 30-member NDRF team carries with it disaster relief material, telecommunications equipment, rubber boats, first aid kits, divers, tree-cutting equipment. The force has also deployed trained detection dogs that can sense human presence under rubble and collapsed structures, aiding in search and rescue in the aftermath of calamities. India is providing humanitarian aid, relief material and rescue support to Sri Lanka after the cyclone's impact caused flooding and landslides, which have claimed over 120 lives. India's aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, and stealth frigate INS Udaygiri that visited Colombo for the International Fleet Review hosted by the Sri Lankan Navy, have also been contributing to India's humanitarian efforts in the island nation. On Thursday, (27th Nov), Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin chaired a meeting of the State government officials to review the measures taken to deal with the impending cyclonic storm. The Chief Minister urged the Revenue Department, Police Department, Fire and Rescue Department, Fisheries Department, Health Department to work in close coordination and serve the people. According to the Indian Meteorological Department(IMD), Cyclonic storm Ditwah is situated parallel to the Tamil Nadu coast, and is over 300kms south of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is likely to continue moving north-northwestwards and head towards North Tamil Nadu-Puducherry-South Andhra Pradesh by Sunday, (30th Nov). As per the rainfall data shared by the IMD on Saturday morning, some parts of Nagapattinam district received between 11-25cms of rainfall in a period of 24hours. Several other locations across the state received 4-10cms of rainfall. For Saturday and Sunday, the IMD has warned of heavy-very heavy(7-20cms) or extremely heavy(over 21cms) rainfall at a few locations in Tamil Nadu. This includes Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Chengalpattu, among others. For Sunday, the IMD has warned of heavy to very heavy rain in Chennai and adjoining districts. Owing to very rough sea conditions along the Tamil Nadu and South Andhra Pradesh coast, IMD has warned fishermen against venturing out to sea until Sunday, (30th Nov). As the system nears the coast, wind speeds are expected to reach up to 90kmph. The formation of multiple weather systems or cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal is typical of the ongoing Northeast monsoon season, which is active between mid-October and mid-December. The Northeast monsoon caters for about 50% or more of the annual rainfall in Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. This season is known for cyclonic storms or weather systems that form in the Bay of Bengal, which can lead to very heavy rainfall and potential flooding in parts of Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. These rains are also crucial for recharging the water table and the reservoirs.

India is providing humanitarian aid, relief material and rescue support to Sri Lanka after the cyclone's impact caused flooding and landslides, which have claimed over 120 lives.&nbsp;

NDRF deploys 24 teams, as Cyclone Ditwah begins to impact Tamil Nadu

As parts of Tamil Nadu brace for the impact of Cyclone Ditwah this weekend, eight teams of the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF), comprising 30-members each have been deployed in the region. While six teams are placed in as many districts of Tamil Nadu, two teams have been placed in the adjoining Union Territory of Puducherry. In addition to this, NDRF teams from neighbouring states would also be deployed as necessary in Tamil Nadu.&nbsp;&nbsp;Each 30-member NDRF team carries with it disaster relief material, telecommunications equipment, rubber boats, first aid kits, divers, tree-cutting equipment. The force has also deployed four trained detection dogs that can sense human presence under rubble and collapsed structures, aiding in search and rescue in the aftermath fo calamities.&nbsp;&nbsp;On Thursday, (27th&nbsp;Nov), Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin chaired a meeting of the State government officials to review the measures taken to deal with the impending cyclonic storm. The Chief Minister urged the Revenue Department, Police Department, Fire and Rescue Department, Fisheries Department, Health Department to work in close coordination and serve the people.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to the Indian Meteorological Department(IMD), Cyclonic storm Ditwah is between the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka coasts, less than 100kms northwest of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, and about 500kms south of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is likely to continue moving north-northwestwards and head towards North Tamil Nadu-Puducherry-South Andhra Pradesh by early morning of Sunday, (30th Nov).&nbsp;&nbsp;For Friday and Saturday, the IMD has warned of heavy-very heavy(7-20cms) or extremely heavy(over 21cms) rainfall at a few locations in Tamil Nadu. This includes Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Chengalpattu, among others. For Sunday, the IMD has warned of heavy to very heavy rain in Chennai and adjoining districts. Owing to very rough sea conditions along the Tamil Nadu and South Andhra Pradesh coast, IMD has warned fishermen against venturing out to sea until Sunday, (30th Nov). As the system nears the coast, wind speeds are expected to reach up to 100kmph.&nbsp;&nbsp;The formation of multiple weather systems or cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal is typical of the ongoing Northeast monsoon season, which is active between mid-October and mid-December. The Northeast monsoon caters for about 50% or more of the annual rainfall in Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. This season is known for cyclonic storms or weather systems that form in the Bay of Bengal, which can lead to very heavy rainfall and potential flooding in parts of Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. These rains are also crucial for recharging the water table and the reservoirs.&nbsp;

Tamil Nadu braces for Cyclone Ditwah; 8 NDRF teams deployed 

As parts of Tamil Nadu brace for the impact of Cyclone Ditwah this weekend, eight teams of the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF), comprising 30-members each have been deployed in the region. While six teams are placed in as many districts of Tamil Nadu, two teams have been placed in the adjoining Union Territory of Puducherry. In addition to this, NDRF teams from neighbouring states would also be deployed as necessary in Tamil Nadu. Each 30-member NDRF team carries with it disaster relief material, telecommunications equipment, rubber boats, first aid kits, divers, tree-cutting equipment. The force has also deployed four trained detection dogs that can sense human presence under rubble and collapsed structures, aiding in search and rescue in the aftermath fo calamities. On Thursday, (27th Nov), Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin chaired a meeting of the State government officials to review the measures taken to deal with the impending cyclonic storm. The Chief Minister urged the Revenue Department, Police Department, Fire and Rescue Department, Fisheries Department, Health Department to work in close coordination and serve the people. According to the Indian Meteorological Department(IMD), Cyclonic storm Ditwah is between the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka coasts, less than 100kms northwest of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, and about 500kms south of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is likely to continue moving north-northwestwards and head towards North Tamil Nadu-Puducherry-South Andhra Pradesh by early morning of Sunday, (30th Nov). For Friday and Saturday, the IMD has warned of heavy-very heavy(7-20cms) or extremely heavy(over 21cms) rainfall at a few locations in Tamil Nadu. This includes Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Chengalpattu, among others. For Sunday, the IMD has warned of heavy to very heavy rain in Chennai and adjoining districts. Owing to very rough sea conditions along the Tamil Nadu and South Andhra Pradesh coast, IMD has warned fishermen against venturing out to sea until Sunday, (30th Nov). As the system nears the coast, wind speeds are expected to reach up to 100kmph. The formation of multiple weather systems or cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal is typical of the ongoing Northeast monsoon season, which is active between mid-October and mid-December. The Northeast monsoon caters for about 50% or more of the annual rainfall in Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. This season is known for cyclonic storms or weather systems that form in the Bay of Bengal, which can lead to very heavy rainfall and potential flooding in parts of Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. These rains are also crucial for recharging the water table and the reservoirs.

Each 30-member NDRF team carries with it disaster relief material, telecommunications equipment, rubber boats, first aid kits, divers, tree-cutting equipment

Tamil Nadu braces for Cyclone Ditwah; 8 NDRF teams deployed

According to the Indian Meteorological Department(IMD), the weather system between the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka coasts has intensified into Cyclone Ditwah. It is likely to continue moving north-northwestwards and head towards North Tamil Nadu-Puducherry-South Andhra Pradesh by early morning of Sunday, (30th Nov).&nbsp;&nbsp;In light of the cyclone alert, the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF) has kept 10 teams comprising 30-members on standby at their base in Arakkonam, near Chennai. As of Thursday, (27th&nbsp;Nov) noon, the cyclone is about 90kms southeast of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka and 700kms southeast of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.&nbsp;For Friday and Saturday, the IMD has warned of heavy-very heavy(7-20cms) or extremely heavy(over 21cms) rainfall at a few locations in Tamil Nadu. This includes Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Chengalpattu, among others. For Sunday, the IMD has warned of heavy to very heavy rain in Chennai and adjoining districts.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/-china-s-arbitrary-actions-on-indian-citizen-from-arunachal-most-unhelpful-towards-mutual-trust-mea-1764182732997">‘China’s arbitrary actions on Indian citizen from Arunachal most unhelpful towards mutual trust’: MEA</a>&nbsp;Owing to very rough sea conditions along the Tamil Nadu and South Andhra Pradesh coast, IMD has warned fishermen against venturing out to sea until Sunday, (30th Nov). As the system nears the coast, wind speeds are expected to reach up to 100kmph. &nbsp;The formation of multiple weather systems or cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal is typical of the ongoing Northeast monsoon season, which is active between mid-October and mid-December. The Northeast monsoon caters for about 50% or more of the annual rainfall in Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh.&nbsp;This season is known for cyclonic storms or weather systems that form in the Bay of Bengal, which can lead to very heavy rainfall and potential flooding in parts of Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. These rains are also crucial for recharging the water table and the reservoirs.&nbsp;

Cyclone Ditwah to impact parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh; IMD warns

According to the Indian Meteorological Department(IMD), the weather system between the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka coasts has intensified into Cyclone Ditwah. It is likely to continue moving north-northwestwards and head towards North Tamil Nadu-Puducherry-South Andhra Pradesh by early morning of Sunday, (30th Nov). In light of the cyclone alert, the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF) has kept 10 teams comprising 30-members on standby at their base in Arakkonam, near Chennai. As of Thursday, (27th Nov) noon, the cyclone is about 90kms southeast of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka and 700kms southeast of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. For Friday and Saturday, the IMD has warned of heavy-very heavy(7-20cms) or extremely heavy(over 21cms) rainfall at a few locations in Tamil Nadu. This includes Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Chengalpattu, among others. For Sunday, the IMD has warned of heavy to very heavy rain in Chennai and adjoining districts. Also Read: ‘China’s arbitrary actions on Indian citizen from Arunachal most unhelpful towards mutual trust’: MEA Owing to very rough sea conditions along the Tamil Nadu and South Andhra Pradesh coast, IMD has warned fishermen against venturing out to sea until Sunday, (30th Nov). As the system nears the coast, wind speeds are expected to reach up to 100kmph. The formation of multiple weather systems or cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal is typical of the ongoing Northeast monsoon season, which is active between mid-October and mid-December. The Northeast monsoon caters for about 50% or more of the annual rainfall in Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. This season is known for cyclonic storms or weather systems that form in the Bay of Bengal, which can lead to very heavy rainfall and potential flooding in parts of Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. These rains are also crucial for recharging the water table and the reservoirs.

In light of the cyclone alert, the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF) has kept 10 teams comprising 30-members on standby at their base in Arakkonam, near Chennai

Amid the ongoing Northeast monsoon, two weather systems are brewing in the Bay of Bengal, off India's southeast coast. One of them is a well-marked low-pressure area adjoining the Andaman Sea, and this system is likely to move west-northwestwards and concentrate into a depression over the South Andaman Sea by Tuesday, (25th Nov). In addition to this, a low-pressure area is likely to form between the Indian mainland's southernmost tip and Sri Lanka, around Tuesday, and intensify thereafter, warned the Indian Meteorological Department(IMD).&nbsp;In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased, humidity and rainfall. It causes moderate rain, cloudy skies. If multiple factors are favourable, a low-pressure area could gradually intensify in a phased manner into a depression and later into a cyclonic storm.&nbsp;Rainfall data shared on Monday (23rd Nov), showed that two locations in Tirunelveli district in Southern Tamil Nadu recorded over 22 cms of rainfall over the last 24 hours. Over 20 cm of rainfall in 24 hours is categorised as extremely heavy rainfall. Dozens of locations along coastal Tamil Nadu recorded over 11 cm of rainfall over the same period.&nbsp;Owing to the two weather systems that are evolving in the Bay of Bengal, an alert for heavy rain has been issued for multiple districts across coastal Tamil Nadu through this week. Heavy to very heavy rainfall has been forecast for Chennai and adjoining districts on Saturday, (29th Nov), followed by heavy rain on Sunday.&nbsp;Owing to rough sea conditions and gusty winds, fishermen have been warned against venturing out to sea along the Tamil Nadu coast through this week. Wind speeds are expected to touch 65kmph along parts of the Tamil Nadu coast, warned the IMD.

In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased, humidity and rainfall.

Amid the ongoing Northeast monsoon, two weather systems are brewing in the Bay of Bengal, off India's southeast coast. One of them is a well-marked low-pressure area adjoining the Andaman Sea, and this system is likely to move west-northwestwards and concentrate into a depression over the South Andaman Sea by Tuesday, (25th Nov). In addition to this, a low-pressure area is likely to form between the Indian mainland's southernmost tip and Sri Lanka, around Tuesday, and intensify thereafter, warned the Indian Meteorological Department(IMD). In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased, humidity and rainfall. It causes moderate rain, cloudy skies. If multiple factors are favourable, a low-pressure area could gradually intensify in a phased manner into a depression and later into a cyclonic storm. Rainfall data shared on Monday (23rd Nov), showed that two locations in Tirunelveli district in Southern Tamil Nadu recorded over 22 cms of rainfall over the last 24 hours. Over 20 cm of rainfall in 24 hours is categorised as extremely heavy rainfall. Dozens of locations along coastal Tamil Nadu recorded over 11 cm of rainfall over the same period. Owing to the two weather systems that are evolving in the Bay of Bengal, an alert for heavy rain has been issued for multiple districts across coastal Tamil Nadu through this week. Heavy to very heavy rainfall has been forecast for Chennai and adjoining districts on Saturday, (29th Nov), followed by heavy rain on Sunday. Owing to rough sea conditions and gusty winds, fishermen have been warned against venturing out to sea along the Tamil Nadu coast through this week. Wind speeds are expected to touch 65kmph along parts of the Tamil Nadu coast, warned the IMD.

In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased humidity and rainfall.

Two weather systems brewing in Bay of Bengal; Cyclone likely, says IMD

The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued an alert over a weather system that is likely to form this weekend in the southeast Bay of Bengal, off India's east coast. The low-pressure area is likely to form around Saturday, (Nov 22), following which it is likely to move north-northwestwards and intensify further around Monday, (Nov 24). By Wednesday, (Nov 26), the system is expected to intensify further.In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased humidity and rainfall. It causes moderate rain, cloudy skies. If multiple factors are favourable, a low-pressure area could gradually intensify in a phased manner into a depression and later into a cyclonic storm.Owing to this evolving weather system, IMD has issued a heavy rainfall warning for multiple districts along the coast of Tamil Nadu. Between 7-11cms of daily rainfall has been forecast for parts of Southern coastal Tamil Nadu, between Saturday and Monday. For Monday and Tuesday, owing to the rough seas and gusty wind conditions, IMD has asked fishermen not to venture out, and asked those out at sea to return ashore before Monday. As the weather system evolves over the next five days, similar rough sea conditions are to prevail along the Andaman archipelago.In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased humidity and rainfall. It causes moderate rain, cloudy skies. If multiple factors are favourable, a low-pressure area could gradually intensify in a phased manner into a depression and later into a cyclonic storm.Based on Tamil Nadu's rainfall data for the ongoing Northeast monsoon season, private weather bloggers point out that the state has received less than one-third of the normal rainfall when compared to past years' Northeast monsoons. They also indicate that the chance of significant rainfall in Chennai city is based on how the ongoing weather system evolves and moves.

In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased humidity and rainfall.

The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued an alert over a weather system that is likely to form this weekend in the southeast Bay of Bengal, off India's east coast. The low-pressure area is likely to form around Saturday, (Nov 22), following which it is likely to move north-northwestwards and intensify further around Monday, (Nov 24). By Wednesday, (Nov 26), the system is expected to intensify further. In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased humidity and rainfall. It causes moderate rain, cloudy skies. If multiple factors are favourable, a low-pressure area could gradually intensify in a phased manner into a depression and later into a cyclonic storm. Owing to this evolving weather system, IMD has issued a heavy rainfall warning for multiple districts along the coast of Tamil Nadu. Between 7-11cms of daily rainfall has been forecast for parts of Southern coastal Tamil Nadu, between Saturday and Monday. For Monday and Tuesday, owing to the rough seas and gusty wind conditions, IMD has asked fishermen not to venture out, and asked those out at sea to return ashore before Monday. As the weather system evolves over the next five days, similar rough sea conditions are to prevail along the Andaman archipelago. In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased humidity and rainfall. It causes moderate rain, cloudy skies. If multiple factors are favourable, a low-pressure area could gradually intensify in a phased manner into a depression and later into a cyclonic storm. Based on Tamil Nadu's rainfall data for the ongoing Northeast monsoon season, private weather bloggers point out that the state has received less than one-third of the normal rainfall when compared to past years' Northeast monsoons. They also indicate that the chance of significant rainfall in Chennai city is based on how the ongoing weather system evolves and moves.

Depression likely to form in Bay of Bengal, could intensify next week: IMD

The Indian Government's National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), under the Deep Ocean Mission “Samudrayaan” program, is building a scientific submersible 'Matsya-6000' that can take three crew&nbsp;to a depth of 6,000meters under the ocean on a 12-hour mission. The mission involves four hours of descent, four hours of in-situ deep-ocean exploration and four hours of ascent.&nbsp;&nbsp;Subsequent to the successful qualification of Matsya’s mission-critical systems during the harbour wet test early this year, demonstration of the maiden human mission up to 500m water depths is planned before mid-2026. As a part of the Deep Ocean Mission, development of autonomous underwater vehicles and robotic systems is also undertaken in NIOT.&nbsp;As a continuation of this, NIOT is also exploring a future concept of establishing a long-term underwater lab, which is 6,000 meters under the ocean. This underwater habitation concept is part of the scientific and exploratory vision that is being ideated for the year 2047.&nbsp;&nbsp;"Deep-ocean research is essential to understand potential resources such as gas hydrates, poly-metallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts; monitor climate change and ocean acidification; understand planetary-scale processes such as tectonic activities; discovering unique life forms around hydrothermal vents that provide insights on evolution of life on earth, explore and protect its vast, largely unexplored biodiversity; understanding ocean circulation processes that transport heat across the planet thus stabilizing climate," Dr. N. Vedachalam, Director, Deep Ocean Technologies Group, NIOT, explained to WION.&nbsp;&nbsp;As deep-ocean research takes an extended period of time to yield results, sustained human presence in the deep-ocean lab would enable better insights into these research areas, experts from NIOT say. Human presence in these long-term underwater observatories is crucial as human presence allows for real-time decision-making, in-situ experimentation, as application of human expertise cannot be fully replicated by automated systems alone. It is just like how astronauts carry out experiments in the International Space Station, an orbiting lab that circles 400 km above the Earth. The idea behind this underwater lab is to expand upon the learning and technological developments that India would gain from the mission 'Samudrayaan'.<h3>What experts point out about a habitable underwater lab?</h3>For setting up such a facility, India would have to exponentially scale up the technologies that will be a part of "Samudrayaan". Experts point out that a habitable underwater lab would require a reliable supply of power and oxygen, mechanisms to remove carbon dioxide, a rugged structure with transparent view-through, safe docking and undocking of deep-ocean submersibles with the underwater lab to enable transport of crew to the lab and back, and ability to launch and retrieve underwater robotic vehicles, remotely from and to the lab. Human factors associated with long-term psychological and physiological well-being in these habitats also require due consideration.&nbsp;The ongoing indigenous developments by NIOT’s Deep Ocean Technology group in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) with homing and docking, swarm capabilities and robotic intervention systems could serve as “resident” vehicles in the underwater lab serving as “spatial range extenders” that enable scientists to conduct experiments up to several kilometres around the underwater lab, Dr Vedachalam added.&nbsp;The very environment at depths of 6,000meters poses multiple challenges due to extreme pressure, low temperature, lack of communication, and geo-location. India would have to build an underwater lab that would withstand such extreme conditions, while housing scientists and their equipment within. As part of the development process, such a lab would be gradually tested at relatively safe depths of a few hundred meters before venturing into the unexplored deeper depths of the ocean.&nbsp;On the possible locations for such an underwater lab, Dr. Vedachalam said that they could be deployed in unique areas of study: at 1,000meter water depth in the Krishna Godavari basin to study and explore gas hydrates which is a source of natural gas; at 3,000meter depths to study the sulphide deposits at hydrothermal vents, and poly-metallic nodules at 5,500meter water depths in the Central Indian Ocean.

Human presence in these long-term underwater observatories is crucial as human presence allows for real-time decision-making, in-situ experimentation, as application of human expertise cannot be fully replicated by automated systems alone.

The Indian Government's National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), under the Deep Ocean Mission “Samudrayaan” program, is building a scientific submersible 'Matsya-6000' that can take three crew to a depth of 6,000meters under the ocean on a 12-hour mission. The mission involves four hours of descent, four hours of in-situ deep-ocean exploration and four hours of ascent. Subsequent to the successful qualification of Matsya’s mission-critical systems during the harbour wet test early this year, demonstration of the maiden human mission up to 500m water depths is planned before mid-2026. As a part of the Deep Ocean Mission, development of autonomous underwater vehicles and robotic systems is also undertaken in NIOT. As a continuation of this, NIOT is also exploring a future concept of establishing a long-term underwater lab, which is 6,000 meters under the ocean. This underwater habitation concept is part of the scientific and exploratory vision that is being ideated for the year 2047. "Deep-ocean research is essential to understand potential resources such as gas hydrates, poly-metallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts; monitor climate change and ocean acidification; understand planetary-scale processes such as tectonic activities; discovering unique life forms around hydrothermal vents that provide insights on evolution of life on earth, explore and protect its vast, largely unexplored biodiversity; understanding ocean circulation processes that transport heat across the planet thus stabilizing climate," Dr. N. Vedachalam, Director, Deep Ocean Technologies Group, NIOT, explained to WION. As deep-ocean research takes an extended period of time to yield results, sustained human presence in the deep-ocean lab would enable better insights into these research areas, experts from NIOT say. Human presence in these long-term underwater observatories is crucial as human presence allows for real-time decision-making, in-situ experimentation, as application of human expertise cannot be fully replicated by automated systems alone. It is just like how astronauts carry out experiments in the International Space Station, an orbiting lab that circles 400 km above the Earth. The idea behind this underwater lab is to expand upon the learning and technological developments that India would gain from the mission 'Samudrayaan'. What experts point out about a habitable underwater lab? For setting up such a facility, India would have to exponentially scale up the technologies that will be a part of "Samudrayaan". Experts point out that a habitable underwater lab would require a reliable supply of power and oxygen, mechanisms to remove carbon dioxide, a rugged structure with transparent view-through, safe docking and undocking of deep-ocean submersibles with the underwater lab to enable transport of crew to the lab and back, and ability to launch and retrieve underwater robotic vehicles, remotely from and to the lab. Human factors associated with long-term psychological and physiological well-being in these habitats also require due consideration. The ongoing indigenous developments by NIOT’s Deep Ocean Technology group in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) with homing and docking, swarm capabilities and robotic intervention systems could serve as “resident” vehicles in the underwater lab serving as “spatial range extenders” that enable scientists to conduct experiments up to several kilometres around the underwater lab, Dr Vedachalam added. The very environment at depths of 6,000meters poses multiple challenges due to extreme pressure, low temperature, lack of communication, and geo-location. India would have to build an underwater lab that would withstand such extreme conditions, while housing scientists and their equipment within. As part of the development process, such a lab would be gradually tested at relatively safe depths of a few hundred meters before venturing into the unexplored deeper depths of the ocean. On the possible locations for such an underwater lab, Dr. Vedachalam said that they could be deployed in unique areas of study: at 1,000meter water depth in the Krishna Godavari basin to study and explore gas hydrates which is a source of natural gas; at 3,000meter depths to study the sulphide deposits at hydrothermal vents, and poly-metallic nodules at 5,500meter water depths in the Central Indian Ocean.

Human presence in these long-term underwater observatories is crucial as human presence allows for real-time decision-making, in-situ experimentation, as application of human expertise cannot be fully replicated by automated systems alone.

India's deep-ocean habitation concept - a research lab 6,000 meters deep

Indian Coast Guard (ICG) ships undertaking International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) surveillance in the Northern Bay of Bengal, apprehended three Bangladeshi fishing boats and 79 crew for illegal fishing in India's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), over the weekend.The ICG said that the Bangladeshi boats were detected as operating well within Indian waters, in violation of Indian law. ICG teams intercepted and boarded the fishing vessels to conduct inspections, following which it was known that the crew did not possess the requisite permits to fish within the Maritime Zones of India. Onboard fishing gear and freshly caught fish confirmed that this was a case of illegal fishing by the Bangladeshi fishermen, ICG said.All three boats and their crew were apprehended by the ICG and escorted to Frazerganj, West Bengal, where they were handed over to the Marine police for further legal action. ICG emphasised the close coordination between itself and West Bengal Police, and that ICG maintains continuous surface and aerial surveillance in the Bay of Bengal to enforce maritime laws and protect national maritime assets.&nbsp;

All three boats and their crew were apprehended by the ICG and escorted to Frazerganj, West Bengal, where they were handed over to the Marine police for further legal action.

Indian Coast Guard (ICG) ships undertaking International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) surveillance in the Northern Bay of Bengal, apprehended three Bangladeshi fishing boats and 79 crew for illegal fishing in India's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), over the weekend. The ICG said that the Bangladeshi boats were detected as operating well within Indian waters, in violation of Indian law. ICG teams intercepted and boarded the fishing vessels to conduct inspections, following which it was known that the crew did not possess the requisite permits to fish within the Maritime Zones of India. Onboard fishing gear and freshly caught fish confirmed that this was a case of illegal fishing by the Bangladeshi fishermen, ICG said. All three boats and their crew were apprehended by the ICG and escorted to Frazerganj, West Bengal, where they were handed over to the Marine police for further legal action. ICG emphasised the close coordination between itself and West Bengal Police, and that ICG maintains continuous surface and aerial surveillance in the Bay of Bengal to enforce maritime laws and protect national maritime assets.

All three boats and their crew were apprehended by the ICG and escorted to Frazerganj, West Bengal, where they were handed over to the Marine police for further legal action.

79 Bangladeshi fishermen, 3 boats apprehended for illegal fishing in Indian waters

According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), a low-pressure area has formed in the South West Bay of Bengal, off the Sri Lankan coast on Saturday (15th Nov). In the coming days, the system is expected to move west-northwestward, causing rainfall along the Tamil Nadu coast.In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased humidity and rainfall. It causes moderate rain, cloudy skies. A depression is an intense low-pressure area that brings moderate to heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, and gusty winds.For the weekend, a heavy rainfall warning has been issued for at least eight districts of Tamil Nadu. They include Mayiladuthurai, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Thanjavur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, and Villupuram.Owing to this weather system, rainfall has been forecast for several districts of coastal Tamil Nadu over the next few days. Notably, heavy rain is forecast for Chennai city and adjoining districts, and other coastal districts of Tamil Nadu on Monday, Tuesday. Rainfall activity in parts of Tamil Nadu is expected to continue until Wednesday, 19th November.The period between mid-October and mid-December is the Northeast monsoon season which is the second major rainfall season in India, and is crucial for large parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry.The Northeast monsoon caters for about 50% or more of the annual rainfall in Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. This season is known for cyclonic storms or weather systems that form in the Bay of Bengal, which can lead to very heavy rainfall and potential flooding in parts of Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. These rains are also crucial for recharging the water table and the reservoirs.

According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), a low-pressure area has formed in the South West Bay of Bengal, off the Sri Lankan coast on Saturday (15th Nov). In the coming days, the system is expected to move west-northwestward, causing rainfall along the Tamil Nadu coast. In meteorology, a low-pressure area is one where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas. It is associated with cloud formation, increased humidity and rainfall. It causes moderate rain, cloudy skies. A depression is an intense low-pressure area that brings moderate to heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, and gusty winds. For the weekend, a heavy rainfall warning has been issued for at least eight districts of Tamil Nadu. They include Mayiladuthurai, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Thanjavur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, and Villupuram. Owing to this weather system, rainfall has been forecast for several districts of coastal Tamil Nadu over the next few days. Notably, heavy rain is forecast for Chennai city and adjoining districts, and other coastal districts of Tamil Nadu on Monday, Tuesday. Rainfall activity in parts of Tamil Nadu is expected to continue until Wednesday, 19th November. The period between mid-October and mid-December is the Northeast monsoon season which is the second major rainfall season in India, and is crucial for large parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry. The Northeast monsoon caters for about 50% or more of the annual rainfall in Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. This season is known for cyclonic storms or weather systems that form in the Bay of Bengal, which can lead to very heavy rainfall and potential flooding in parts of Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh. These rains are also crucial for recharging the water table and the reservoirs.

Weather system brews in Bay of Bengal; heavy rainfall warning for Chennai

While ISRO has operated three variants of Cryogenic rocket engines(one foreign-origin and two indigenously developed) and associated stages for more than two decades, in a first, ISRO restarted its indigenous C25 Cryogenic stage during the LVM3M5/CMOS-03 mission earlier this month.&nbsp;A cryogenic rocket engine is among the most efficient means of propelling a space vehicle. It is also among the most sophisticated technologies to master. A cryogenic engine, its fuel tanks, and all associated systems working together form a Cryogenic stage.&nbsp;After the primary mission was successfully accomplished, ISRO announced the achievement of the Cryogenic stage reignition. "After the CMS-03 satellite was injected into the designated orbit, the C25 Cryogenic upper stage was reoriented, and after 100 seconds of waiting time, the Cryogenic upper stage was reignited. This is the first time that the Cryogenic upper stage is being reignited in the deep vacuum of space," said ISRO.&nbsp;Why is a Cryogenic stage restart&nbsp; technologically challenging?&nbsp;A Cryognic engine burns Liquid hydrogen (stored at -253 degrees Celsius) and Liquid oxygen (stored at -183 degrees Celsius). The handling and storage of these fuels is highly challenging because they need to be super cooled to ensure that the gases exist in liquid form.&nbsp;On Earth, the fuels can be maintained in a super cooled condition. In tanks on Earth, gravity pulls the fuel downwards and keeps it grounded within the tank.In the microgravity environment of space, fuel floats inside the rocket's fuel tank, which could cause bubbles and vapour pockets. To restart the engine, the turbopumps require a continuous liquid fuel feed, not gas or bubbles.&nbsp;&nbsp;First, the fuel must be settled at the bottom of the tank. For that, special motors known as ullaging motors/settling thrusters need to be used to push the fuel to the bottom of the tank. If this process is not done correctly, the pump could fail when it takes in gas, instead of fuel.&nbsp;&nbsp;In earth orbit, temperatures range from 150 degrees Celsius to -150 degrees Celsius, therefore the fuel tank must be insulated and thermally maintained in the ideal condition. Heat from sunlight could causes liquid hydrogen to boil and lead to formation of gas bubbles and change in pressure. "Once the Cryogenic engine is fired once and then it is shutdown, we will again have to re-attain the required thermal conditions for a reignition. Engine components like injectors and turbopumps needs to be pre-chilled to ideal temperature again before reignition. Adequate quantity of fuel needs to be there in the tank for reignition, the fuel must be at the ideal temperature and pressure," ISRO Chief Dr. V. Narayanan explained to WION.&nbsp;&nbsp;In addition to all these factors, the ignitor must work reliably in vacuum and near-zero pressure of space. For this mission, ISRO placed three ignitors for the restart of the engine, said the Chief.&nbsp;ISRO has the capability to restart the 4th or final stage of the PSLV rocket multiple times, because PSLV uses Unsymmetric Dimethyl Hydrazine(UDMH) + N204 fuel combination, which can ignite on coming with contact with each other. These are known as hypergolic fuels. Therefore, just opening the two valves and bringing the fuel and oxidizer into contact can enable the engine firing. In contrast, a cryogenic engine re-firing is much more complicated and requires many factors to work together perfectly.&nbsp;In 2022 and 2023, ISRO managed to launch a total of 72 OneWeb satellites in two launches. While ISRO did not have Cryogenic engine restart capability at that time, ISRO used cold gas thrusters, where an inert gas like nitrogen or helium is pushed out of a compressed tank. This is like letting air out of a balloon, which leads to the balloon moving in the opposite direction of the gas exit.&nbsp;That's how ISRO steered the upper stage and aligned it perfectly to eject 36 satellites in a single mission. However, cold gas thrusters offer very minimal thrust, and are useful only for minor alignment changes and not for completely changing the orbit.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>What additional capability does a Cryo stage re-ignition offer?</h2> ISRO Chief Dr. V. Narayanan said that the re-ignition of the Cryogenic upper stage in the vacuum of space enables multi-orbit missions where a single LVM3 rocket can carry satellites to different orbits. In simple terms, it is a like a vehicle performing multiple start-stops to allow passengers to get down at different locations.&nbsp;Further, the reignition of&nbsp;the Cryogenic stage can also be used for post-mission disposal or de-orbiting of the stage. This is a step that is undertaken to remove the used rocket stage from orbit, so that it does not end up as space debris. This is done to ensure space sustainability, and minimize the overcrowding of orbits.&nbsp;Dr. Narayanan suggested that ISRO would conduct more such cryogenic engine reignition tests in space, and study the data thoroughly before attempting multi-orbit missions using the LVM3 rocket's C25 cryogenic stage reignition. He said that ISRO needed to perform more such tests when future LVM3 launch missions provide such opportunities.

ISRO successfully restarted its C25 cryogenic stage in space for the first time during the LVM3-M5/CMS-03 mission. The complex restart enables multi-orbit missions and better disposal of rocket stages. ISRO will conduct more tests to refine this crucial capability.

While ISRO has operated three variants of Cryogenic rocket engines(one foreign-origin and two indigenously developed) and associated stages for more than two decades, in a first, ISRO restarted its indigenous C25 Cryogenic stage during the LVM3M5/CMOS-03 mission earlier this month. A cryogenic rocket engine is among the most efficient means of propelling a space vehicle. It is also among the most sophisticated technologies to master. A cryogenic engine, its fuel tanks, and all associated systems working together form a Cryogenic stage. After the primary mission was successfully accomplished, ISRO announced the achievement of the Cryogenic stage reignition. "After the CMS-03 satellite was injected into the designated orbit, the C25 Cryogenic upper stage was reoriented, and after 100 seconds of waiting time, the Cryogenic upper stage was reignited. This is the first time that the Cryogenic upper stage is being reignited in the deep vacuum of space," said ISRO. Why is a Cryogenic stage restart technologically challenging? A Cryognic engine burns Liquid hydrogen (stored at -253 degrees Celsius) and Liquid oxygen (stored at -183 degrees Celsius). The handling and storage of these fuels is highly challenging because they need to be super cooled to ensure that the gases exist in liquid form. On Earth, the fuels can be maintained in a super cooled condition. In tanks on Earth, gravity pulls the fuel downwards and keeps it grounded within the tank. In the microgravity environment of space, fuel floats inside the rocket's fuel tank, which could cause bubbles and vapour pockets. To restart the engine, the turbopumps require a continuous liquid fuel feed, not gas or bubbles. First, the fuel must be settled at the bottom of the tank. For that, special motors known as ullaging motors/settling thrusters need to be used to push the fuel to the bottom of the tank. If this process is not done correctly, the pump could fail when it takes in gas, instead of fuel. In earth orbit, temperatures range from 150 degrees Celsius to -150 degrees Celsius, therefore the fuel tank must be insulated and thermally maintained in the ideal condition. Heat from sunlight could causes liquid hydrogen to boil and lead to formation of gas bubbles and change in pressure. "Once the Cryogenic engine is fired once and then it is shutdown, we will again have to re-attain the required thermal conditions for a reignition. Engine components like injectors and turbopumps needs to be pre-chilled to ideal temperature again before reignition. Adequate quantity of fuel needs to be there in the tank for reignition, the fuel must be at the ideal temperature and pressure," ISRO Chief Dr. V. Narayanan explained to WION. In addition to all these factors, the ignitor must work reliably in vacuum and near-zero pressure of space. For this mission, ISRO placed three ignitors for the restart of the engine, said the Chief. ISRO has the capability to restart the 4th or final stage of the PSLV rocket multiple times, because PSLV uses Unsymmetric Dimethyl Hydrazine(UDMH) + N204 fuel combination, which can ignite on coming with contact with each other. These are known as hypergolic fuels. Therefore, just opening the two valves and bringing the fuel and oxidizer into contact can enable the engine firing. In contrast, a cryogenic engine re-firing is much more complicated and requires many factors to work together perfectly. In 2022 and 2023, ISRO managed to launch a total of 72 OneWeb satellites in two launches. While ISRO did not have Cryogenic engine restart capability at that time, ISRO used cold gas thrusters, where an inert gas like nitrogen or helium is pushed out of a compressed tank. This is like letting air out of a balloon, which leads to the balloon moving in the opposite direction of the gas exit. That's how ISRO steered the upper stage and aligned it perfectly to eject 36 satellites in a single mission. However, cold gas thrusters offer very minimal thrust, and are useful only for minor alignment changes and not for completely changing the orbit. What additional capability does a Cryo stage re-ignition offer? ISRO Chief Dr. V. Narayanan said that the re-ignition of the Cryogenic upper stage in the vacuum of space enables multi-orbit missions where a single LVM3 rocket can carry satellites to different orbits. In simple terms, it is a like a vehicle performing multiple start-stops to allow passengers to get down at different locations. Further, the reignition of the Cryogenic stage can also be used for post-mission disposal or de-orbiting of the stage. This is a step that is undertaken to remove the used rocket stage from orbit, so that it does not end up as space debris. This is done to ensure space sustainability, and minimize the overcrowding of orbits. Dr. Narayanan suggested that ISRO would conduct more such cryogenic engine reignition tests in space, and study the data thoroughly before attempting multi-orbit missions using the LVM3 rocket's C25 cryogenic stage reignition. He said that ISRO needed to perform more such tests when future LVM3 launch missions provide such opportunities.

ISRO successfully restarted its C25 cryogenic stage in space for the first time during the LVM3-M5/CMS-03 mission. The complex restart enables multi-orbit missions and better disposal of rocket stages. ISRO will conduct more tests to refine this crucial capability.

Explained: ISRO's maiden Cryogenic stage restart in space

The Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant designed and developed by the Indian Government's National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) would commence operations in 2026, delivering clean energy that would help provide clean water. Situated in Kavaratti, Lakshadweep archipelago, off the Indian mainland's west coast, the OTEC plant is expected to generate up to 60 kilowatts of power from ocean water, and use that power for running a desalination plant that would provide 150,000 litres of desalinated water (seawater converted into potable water) every day. NIOT Director Prof. Balaji Ramakrishnan revealed this on the occasion of NIOT's 32nd Foundation Day.<h2>What is OTEC technology?</h2>In simple terms, OTEC technology is a means of generating power using the difference in temperature between ocean surface water and ocean water from the depths. In tropical climates, there is a significant difference in temperature between ocean surface water and water extracted from a 1,000-meter depth. With increasing depth, the water gets colder.For operating an OTEC, warm water from the ocean surface is taken in to heat up a special fluid like ammonia, which boils easily. When fluid ammonia boils, it turns into a gas, which is used to spin a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity. Likewise, cold water from deep in the ocean is pumped to cool the ammonia gas, turning it back into a liquid. This perpetual heating-cooling cycle enables power generation via the OTEC. Because of the endless supply of warm surface water and cold water from the depths, this is a sustainable energy source and it can be used day and night.Multiple desalination plants are operating in Lakshadweep; however, they are all powered by diesel generators. The OTEC is an attempt at delivering clean water from a clean energy source, Prof. Balaji told WION.Further, as part of the Foundation Day, NOT unveiled "MANAS 1.1", an indigenously developed autonomous surface craft that is to be used for near-shore surveys. Measuring barely 4 feet in length, the battery-powered craft can be used for oceanographic surveys near the coast, thereby reducing dependence on motorised boats. Using its onboard sensors, it can measure salinity, ocean current, and carry out seabed mapping. At present, NIOT teams are testing the vessel at lakes, and it will be gradually tested in different sea conditions. The vessel is meant to operate up to 5,000 meters away from the shores, via satellite or radio frequency link, said Prof. Balaji. He added that some elements of autonomous underwater navigation technology are also being tested using "MANAS1.1". &nbsp;

Multiple desalination plants are operating in Lakshadweep; however, they are all powered by diesel generators. The OTEC is an attempt at delivering clean water from a clean energy source, Prof. Balaji told WION.

The Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant designed and developed by the Indian Government's National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) would commence operations in 2026, delivering clean energy that would help provide clean water. Situated in Kavaratti, Lakshadweep archipelago, off the Indian mainland's west coast, the OTEC plant is expected to generate up to 60 kilowatts of power from ocean water, and use that power for running a desalination plant that would provide 150,000 litres of desalinated water (seawater converted into potable water) every day. NIOT Director Prof. Balaji Ramakrishnan revealed this on the occasion of NIOT's 32nd Foundation Day. What is OTEC technology? In simple terms, OTEC technology is a means of generating power using the difference in temperature between ocean surface water and ocean water from the depths. In tropical climates, there is a significant difference in temperature between ocean surface water and water extracted from a 1,000-meter depth. With increasing depth, the water gets colder. For operating an OTEC, warm water from the ocean surface is taken in to heat up a special fluid like ammonia, which boils easily. When fluid ammonia boils, it turns into a gas, which is used to spin a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity. Likewise, cold water from deep in the ocean is pumped to cool the ammonia gas, turning it back into a liquid. This perpetual heating-cooling cycle enables power generation via the OTEC. Because of the endless supply of warm surface water and cold water from the depths, this is a sustainable energy source and it can be used day and night. Multiple desalination plants are operating in Lakshadweep; however, they are all powered by diesel generators. The OTEC is an attempt at delivering clean water from a clean energy source, Prof. Balaji told WION. Further, as part of the Foundation Day, NOT unveiled "MANAS 1.1", an indigenously developed autonomous surface craft that is to be used for near-shore surveys. Measuring barely 4 feet in length, the battery-powered craft can be used for oceanographic surveys near the coast, thereby reducing dependence on motorised boats. Using its onboard sensors, it can measure salinity, ocean current, and carry out seabed mapping. At present, NIOT teams are testing the vessel at lakes, and it will be gradually tested in different sea conditions. The vessel is meant to operate up to 5,000 meters away from the shores, via satellite or radio frequency link, said Prof. Balaji. He added that some elements of autonomous underwater navigation technology are also being tested using "MANAS1.1".

Multiple desalination plants are operating in Lakshadweep; however, they are all powered by diesel generators. The OTEC is an attempt at delivering clean water from a clean energy source, Prof. Balaji told WION.

From 2026, Ocean Thermal Energy to provide clean water for Lakshadweep

Hundreds of inter-state buses that ply between the Southern Indian states- Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry - have halted their services effective Monday, (10th Nov) due to an ongoing tax dispute between the states.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to a private bus operator in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, the problem has originated due to the Tamil Nadu Government's actions over the last several years.&nbsp;"All private buses need to pay a quarterly tax to their home state(where the bus is registered), and for inter-state travel buses can pay and avail a Central Government-issued All India Travel Permit(AITP). The fee we pay for AITP is distributed between the Centre and States. However, for several years, the Tamil Nadu Government has been charging an additional tax on buses coming here from other states. In recent weeks, Kerala has also been imposing such reciprocal taxes, levying fines on buses coming in from Tamil Nadu, and seizing the buses," an operator explained.&nbsp;&nbsp;Representatives of private bus operators in Tamil Nadu are expected to meet the Transport Minister this afternoon in Chennai to discuss the issue and arrive at a solution. Thousands of people rely on inter-state private buses for essential travel to their hometowns and workplaces. The fleet of private buses serve as an alternative to trains, given the sheer number of passengers that travel between the states.&nbsp;&nbsp;The upcoming Sabarimala pilgrimage season is one where a massive number of other-state buses travel into Kerala, ferrying thousands of devotees. Therefore, bus operators are looking at an early resolution to the ongoing inter-state issue.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

Representatives of private bus operators in Tamil Nadu are expected to meet the Transport Minister this afternoon in Chennai to discuss the issue and arrive at a solution.

Hundreds of inter-state buses that ply between the Southern Indian states- Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry - have halted their services effective Monday, (10th Nov) due to an ongoing tax dispute between the states. According to a private bus operator in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, the problem has originated due to the Tamil Nadu Government's actions over the last several years. "All private buses need to pay a quarterly tax to their home state(where the bus is registered), and for inter-state travel buses can pay and avail a Central Government-issued All India Travel Permit(AITP). The fee we pay for AITP is distributed between the Centre and States. However, for several years, the Tamil Nadu Government has been charging an additional tax on buses coming here from other states. In recent weeks, Kerala has also been imposing such reciprocal taxes, levying fines on buses coming in from Tamil Nadu, and seizing the buses," an operator explained. Representatives of private bus operators in Tamil Nadu are expected to meet the Transport Minister this afternoon in Chennai to discuss the issue and arrive at a solution. Thousands of people rely on inter-state private buses for essential travel to their hometowns and workplaces. The fleet of private buses serve as an alternative to trains, given the sheer number of passengers that travel between the states. The upcoming Sabarimala pilgrimage season is one where a massive number of other-state buses travel into Kerala, ferrying thousands of devotees. Therefore, bus operators are looking at an early resolution to the ongoing inter-state issue.

Representatives of private bus operators in Tamil Nadu are expected to meet the Transport Minister this afternoon in Chennai to discuss the issue and arrive at a solution.

Inter-state pvt buses to not ply across Southern India, amid tax controversy

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