The long-dead presidents of the United States, or rather their hair, would soon go on a hair-raising journey into space. George Washington, John F. Kennedy, Dwight D. Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan will undertake this journey. The announcement was made on Presidents' Day, which in the United States is celebrated on the third Monday of February. This year it was celebrated on February 20th. It was announced by Celestis, a Texas-based company that specialises in space burials.&nbsp;Celestis said that it will launch what it believes to be "authenticated DNA" of former presidents into space aboard a rocket later this year.

Watch |&nbsp;Age of space tourism has begun in 2021

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/age-of-space-tourism-has-begun-in-2021-440405/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

The hair samples of the four former presidents, as per an AFP report, were donated by an anonymous donor. They came with certificates of authenticity.

As per Celestis, "these hair samples have been in a climate-controlled facility for several years in preparation for this mission."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/ai-comes-up-with-40000-toxic-chemicals-in-6-hours-scientists-warn-could-be-used-to-make-biological-weapons-561636">AI comes up with 40,000 toxic chemicals in 6 hours; scientists warn could be used to make biological weapons</a>

Hair samples of the former Presidents will be accompanied by the cremated remains of Gene Roddenberry, the creator of the 1960s television series&nbsp;Star Trek and other cast members.

They will be transported aboard a United Launch Alliance (ULA) rocket that has been dubbed 'Enterprise'.

Enterprise also happens to be the name of the starship in the sci-fi show Star Trek.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-fossil-of-giant-150kg-penguin-that-walked-the-earth-57-million-years-ago-561978">Scientists discover fossil of giant 150kg penguin that walked the Earth 57 million years ago</a>

"By adding the DNA of these American icons to Enterprise, we establish a precursor for future human missions, and add to the historical record of human exploration of deep space," said Charles Chafer, Celestis CEO and co-founder.

The company doesn't just send the remains of celebrities into space, anyone can opt for a space burial. Celestial currently charges $4,995 to launch remains into Earth orbit, while a voyage into deep space beyond the Moon begins at $12,500.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

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The long-dead presidents of the United States, or rather their hair, would soon go on a hair-raising journey into space. George Washington, John F. Kennedy, Dwight D.

The long-dead presidents of the United States, or rather their hair, would soon go on a hair-raising journey into space. George Washington, John F. Kennedy, Dwight D. Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan will undertake this journey. The announcement was made on Presidents' Day, which in the United States is celebrated on the third Monday of February. This year it was celebrated on February 20th. It was announced by Celestis, a Texas-based company that specialises in space burials. Celestis said that it will launch what it believes to be "authenticated DNA" of former presidents into space aboard a rocket later this year. Watch | Age of space tourism has begun in 2021 The hair samples of the four former presidents, as per an AFP report, were donated by an anonymous donor. They came with certificates of authenticity. As per Celestis, "these hair samples have been in a climate-controlled facility for several years in preparation for this mission." Also read | AI comes up with 40,000 toxic chemicals in 6 hours; scientists warn could be used to make biological weapons Hair samples of the former Presidents will be accompanied by the cremated remains of Gene Roddenberry, the creator of the 1960s television series Star Trek and other cast members. They will be transported aboard a United Launch Alliance (ULA) rocket that has been dubbed 'Enterprise'. Enterprise also happens to be the name of the starship in the sci-fi show Star Trek. Also read | Scientists discover fossil of giant 150kg penguin that walked the Earth 57 million years ago "By adding the DNA of these American icons to Enterprise, we establish a precursor for future human missions, and add to the historical record of human exploration of deep space," said Charles Chafer, Celestis CEO and co-founder. The company doesn't just send the remains of celebrities into space, anyone can opt for a space burial. Celestial currently charges $4,995 to launch remains into Earth orbit, while a voyage into deep space beyond the Moon begins at $12,500. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Hair now, gone to space tomorrow: Long-dead ex-US presidents' locks to be beamed up

The internet is abuzz with mentions of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) a.k.a., the green comet, which on Wednesday could be seen with the naked eye.&nbsp;

As per NASA, the comet paid our planet a visit after a good 50,000 years. It was a rare feast for stargazers and astronomers alike as people around the globe witnessed the astronomical event.&nbsp;

Watch |&nbsp;WION Fineprint: Rare Green comet visible from Earth after 50,000 years

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It was a one-in-a-million sight — in a very literal sense — as estimates say that the next possible sighting won't happen for millions of years.

The comet passed just 26 million miles (or 42 million kilometres) from Earth.

Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/james-webb-space-telescope-found-water-ice-in-the-rings-of-a-distant-asteroid-557416">James Webb Space Telescope found water ice in the rings of a distant asteroid</a>

For those of us who were otherwise occupied or plain lazy to go out and try to spot the comet, some stargazers have&nbsp;managed to capture videos and images of the amazing sight. These captures are all over social media.

Let's take a look at a few of them:

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c/2022 e3 (ZTF), which has not been seen since the Homo Sapiens, will be at its highest point 58° N @ 9:46pm (EST) and will disappear 30° N @ 5:46am. Have a look because you’ll never see this again! <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/GreenComet?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#GreenComet</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Space</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/CometC2022E3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#CometC2022E3</a> <a href="https://t.co/hsRk3A2rn7">pic.twitter.com/hsRk3A2rn7</a>
— johnnymorleyy (@johnnymorleyy) <a href="https://twitter.com/johnnymorleyy/status/1620832595520147457?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Green comet will be seen after 50,000 Years. So many humans have come to this world and gone during this time. And it will continue for billions of years.
— KRK (@kamaalrkhan) <a href="https://twitter.com/kamaalrkhan/status/1620831050145435667?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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I ran out at 3:30 am to grab a couple images of comet c/2022 e3 (ztf) or the "green comet" you may have seen or heard about recently. Today is it's closest approach to Earth but still 26 MILLION miles away. It's still very very dim, and you'll need binoculars to find it. <a href="https://t.co/k6SCVtZkMt">pic.twitter.com/k6SCVtZkMt</a>
— Tyler Leavitt of tslclick (@tslclick) <a href="https://twitter.com/tslclick/status/1620832130514444290?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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LETS FUCKING GO THE WEATHER IS CLEAR TONIGHT AND I HAVE A RIDE IM GONNA GO SEE THE GREEN COMET 💥💥💥
— jack! || c0mms open (@ahdkshaX) <a href="https://twitter.com/ahdkshaX/status/1620829946825555968?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Green comet visible for the 1st time in 50,000 years later today. The comet was last seen during the Stone Age. It allegedly left to buy a pack of cigarettes <a href="https://t.co/lbz4iBrw00">pic.twitter.com/lbz4iBrw00</a>
— Def Noodles (@defnoodles) <a href="https://twitter.com/defnoodles/status/1620832695881461763?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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I found you 🔭 ☄️ <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/CometaZTF?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#CometaZTF</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cometaverde?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#cometaverde</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/greencomet?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#greencomet</a> <a href="https://t.co/AxXpro2Wbp">pic.twitter.com/AxXpro2Wbp</a>
— XavØ (@Javick01) <a href="https://twitter.com/Javick01/status/1620715483766071296?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Did anybody see that green comet?
— Janak Dave (@JanakYDave) <a href="https://twitter.com/JanakYDave/status/1620829250399113218?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Tried to photograph the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/greencomet?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#greencomet</a> at 4am. A bit cloudy on Denton Rd. but cold and clear at Lake Desolation. No luck seeing it even w/binoculars so pointed camera where it was supposed to be. Think this tiny pale fuzz is it so a visual bust compared to Neowise in 2020, right. <a href="https://t.co/qSc0HnzV0e">pic.twitter.com/qSc0HnzV0e</a>
— Ed Burke (@EdBurkeToga) <a href="https://twitter.com/EdBurkeToga/status/1620827225439490049?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Is anyone seeing the Green Comet??
— Dr Whale (@dr_whale) <a href="https://twitter.com/dr_whale/status/1620828542258008066?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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According to NASA's Paul Chodas, While plenty of comets have graced the sky over the past year, "this one seems probably a little bit bigger and therefore a little bit brighter and it’s coming a little bit closer to the Earth’s orbit".

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/green-comet-2023-check-date-time-and-location-know-when-and-how-to-view-the-rare-shooting-star-557606">Green Comet 2023: Check date, visible time and location; know when and how to view the rare shooting star</a>

The comet owes its green colour to its chemical composition which as per reports is a result of a clash between sunlight and carbon-based molecules in the comet's coma.

A comet's coma refers to the cloud of gases that surrounds the nucleus of a comet.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

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The internet is abuzz with mentions of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) a.k.a., the green comet, which on Wednesday could be seen with the naked eye. As per NASA, the comet paid our planet a visit after a good 50,000 years.

The internet is abuzz with mentions of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) a.k.a., the green comet, which on Wednesday could be seen with the naked eye. As per NASA, the comet paid our planet a visit after a good 50,000 years. It was a rare feast for stargazers and astronomers alike as people around the globe witnessed the astronomical event. Watch | WION Fineprint: Rare Green comet visible from Earth after 50,000 years It was a one-in-a-million sight — in a very literal sense — as estimates say that the next possible sighting won't happen for millions of years. The comet passed just 26 million miles (or 42 million kilometres) from Earth. Also read | James Webb Space Telescope found water ice in the rings of a distant asteroid For those of us who were otherwise occupied or plain lazy to go out and try to spot the comet, some stargazers have managed to capture videos and images of the amazing sight. These captures are all over social media. Let's take a look at a few of them: c/2022 e3 (ZTF), which has not been seen since the Homo Sapiens, will be at its highest point 58° N @ 9:46pm (EST) and will disappear 30° N @ 5:46am. Have a look because you’ll never see this again! #GreenComet #Space #CometC2022E3 pic.twitter.com/hsRk3A2rn7 — johnnymorleyy (@johnnymorleyy) February 1, 2023 × Green comet will be seen after 50,000 Years. So many humans have come to this world and gone during this time. And it will continue for billions of years. — KRK (@kamaalrkhan) February 1, 2023 × I ran out at 3:30 am to grab a couple images of comet c/2022 e3 (ztf) or the "green comet" you may have seen or heard about recently. Today is it's closest approach to Earth but still 26 MILLION miles away. It's still very very dim, and you'll need binoculars to find it. pic.twitter.com/k6SCVtZkMt — Tyler Leavitt of tslclick (@tslclick) February 1, 2023 × LETS FUCKING GO THE WEATHER IS CLEAR TONIGHT AND I HAVE A RIDE IM GONNA GO SEE THE GREEN COMET 💥💥💥 — jack! || c0mms open (@ahdkshaX) February 1, 2023 × Green comet visible for the 1st time in 50,000 years later today. The comet was last seen during the Stone Age. It allegedly left to buy a pack of cigarettes pic.twitter.com/lbz4iBrw00 — Def Noodles (@defnoodles) February 1, 2023 × I found you 🔭 ☄️ #CometaZTF #cometaverde #greencomet pic.twitter.com/AxXpro2Wbp — XavØ (@Javick01) February 1, 2023 × Did anybody see that green comet? — Janak Dave (@JanakYDave) February 1, 2023 × Tried to photograph the #greencomet at 4am. A bit cloudy on Denton Rd. but cold and clear at Lake Desolation. No luck seeing it even w/binoculars so pointed camera where it was supposed to be. Think this tiny pale fuzz is it so a visual bust compared to Neowise in 2020, right. pic.twitter.com/qSc0HnzV0e — Ed Burke (@EdBurkeToga) February 1, 2023 × Is anyone seeing the Green Comet?? — Dr Whale (@dr_whale) February 1, 2023 × According to NASA's Paul Chodas, While plenty of comets have graced the sky over the past year, "this one seems probably a little bit bigger and therefore a little bit brighter and it’s coming a little bit closer to the Earth’s orbit". Also read | Green Comet 2023: Check date, visible time and location; know when and how to view the rare shooting star The comet owes its green colour to its chemical composition which as per reports is a result of a clash between sunlight and carbon-based molecules in the comet's coma. A comet's coma refers to the cloud of gases that surrounds the nucleus of a comet. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

For those who missed the green comet, here are breathtaking videos, images of the rare astronomical sight

NASA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a research arm of the US Department of Defense, have unveiled plans to test nuclear-powered rockets that would one day fly humans to Mars.

Announcing the ambitious plans on Tuesday, the space agency said that it will partner with DARPA on the Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations, or DRACO, programme. It is slated to happen by 2027.

Watch |&nbsp;NASA's Mars Perseverance rover finds samples of Microbial life on mars

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"NASA will work with our long-term partner, DARPA, to develop and demonstrate advanced nuclear thermal propulsion technology as soon as 2027," said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson as he announced the mission.

"With the help of this new technology, astronauts could journey to and from deep space faster than ever—a major capability to prepare for crewed missions to Mars," he explained.&nbsp;

The nuclear thermal rocket, as per the NASA website, will allow for a " faster transit time" and will also reduce the risk for astronauts.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/india-based-telescope-detects-faint-radio-signal-from-an-extremely-distant-galaxy-553716">India-based telescope detects faint radio signal from an extremely distant galaxy</a>

Reducing transit time is fundamental to human missions to the red planet. This is because a longer transit time means more supplies and more robust systems.

The current technology allows for the 225 million-kilometre average distance journey from Earth to Mars to be completed in about seven months. While the estimated time using a nuclear thermal rocket engine is not known, as per the NASA Administrator, it would allow astronauts to undertake the "journey to and from deep space faster than ever".

Before this, NASA had last tested a nuclear thermal rocket engine in the mid-19th century, some 50 years back.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/rare-and-exciting-find-international-team-of-researchers-discover-8kg-meteorite-in-antarctica-555001">'Rare and exciting' find: International team of researchers discover meteorite weighing 8 kg in Antarctica</a>

"Congratulations to both NASA and DARPA on this exciting investment, as we ignite the future, together," said Nelson.

The engine would rely on a nuclear reactor and will use atomic fission to heat up the propellant, which will provide thrust to the rocket. This as per NASA will be around three times more efficient than the chemical propulsion technology currently in use.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

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NASA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a research arm of the US Department of Defense, have unveiled plans to test nuclear-powered rockets that would one day fly humans to Mars.

NASA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a research arm of the US Department of Defense, have unveiled plans to test nuclear-powered rockets that would one day fly humans to Mars. Announcing the ambitious plans on Tuesday, the space agency said that it will partner with DARPA on the Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations, or DRACO, programme. It is slated to happen by 2027. Watch | NASA's Mars Perseverance rover finds samples of Microbial life on mars "NASA will work with our long-term partner, DARPA, to develop and demonstrate advanced nuclear thermal propulsion technology as soon as 2027," said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson as he announced the mission. "With the help of this new technology, astronauts could journey to and from deep space faster than ever—a major capability to prepare for crewed missions to Mars," he explained. The nuclear thermal rocket, as per the NASA website, will allow for a " faster transit time" and will also reduce the risk for astronauts. Also read | India-based telescope detects faint radio signal from an extremely distant galaxy Reducing transit time is fundamental to human missions to the red planet. This is because a longer transit time means more supplies and more robust systems. The current technology allows for the 225 million-kilometre average distance journey from Earth to Mars to be completed in about seven months. While the estimated time using a nuclear thermal rocket engine is not known, as per the NASA Administrator, it would allow astronauts to undertake the "journey to and from deep space faster than ever". Before this, NASA had last tested a nuclear thermal rocket engine in the mid-19th century, some 50 years back. Also read | 'Rare and exciting' find: International team of researchers discover meteorite weighing 8 kg in Antarctica "Congratulations to both NASA and DARPA on this exciting investment, as we ignite the future, together," said Nelson. The engine would rely on a nuclear reactor and will use atomic fission to heat up the propellant, which will provide thrust to the rocket. This as per NASA will be around three times more efficient than the chemical propulsion technology currently in use. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

NASA to test 'DRACO', a nuclear power rocket engine that'll send humans to Mars ‘faster than ever'

Antarctica is an unrelentingly harsh place to work - it’s cold, desolate and wild. However, the white landscape has once again proven to be an amazing place for meteorite hunting. An international team of scientists has recovered five new “space rocks” from the desert of Antarctica, and one of them is almost 8kg (17 pounds).

What’s amazing about this discovery is that finding a meteorite this large is rare. As per EurekAlert of the almost 45,000 meteorites found here, only a hundred or so are of the size of this newly discovered meteorite or larger.&nbsp;

Watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: NASA to send a mission to 'golden' asteroid

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Maria Valdes, a research scientist at the Field Museum and the University of Chicago, who was part of this expedition, says, "Size doesn’t necessarily matter when it comes to meteorites, and even tiny micrometeorites can be incredibly scientifically valuable".

"But of course, finding a big meteorite like this one is rare, and really exciting," she adds.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/india-based-telescope-detects-faint-radio-signal-from-an-extremely-distant-galaxy-553716">India-based telescope detects faint radio signal from an extremely distant galaxy</a>

Four researchers were part of this mission - Valdes, Vinciane Debaille of the Université Libre de Bruxelles, who was leading the expedition; Maria Schönbächler of ETH-Zurich and Ryoga Maeda of Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

The team was the first to explore potential new meteorite sites which were mapped using satellite imagery.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/martian-meteorite-with-vast-array-of-organic-compounds-might-hold-clues-to-life-on-mars-552667">Martian meteorite with vast array of organic compounds might hold clues to life on Mars</a>

Meteorites recovered by the team will now be analysed by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science. Additionally, the four researchers will also be studying the meteorite's sediment that potentially contains tiny micrometeorites by the researchers at their respective universities.

Valdes says she’s eager to see what the analyses of the meteorites reveal, because "Studying meteorites helps us better understand our place in the universe,"&nbsp;adding that she was eager to find what the meteorites reveal.&nbsp;

"The bigger a sample size we have of meteorites, the better we can understand our Solar System, and the better we can understand ourselves," she added.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Antarctica is an unrelentingly harsh place to work - it’s cold, desolate and wild. However, the white landscape has once again proven to be an amazing place for meteorite hunting.

Antarctica is an unrelentingly harsh place to work - it’s cold, desolate and wild. However, the white landscape has once again proven to be an amazing place for meteorite hunting. An international team of scientists has recovered five new “space rocks” from the desert of Antarctica, and one of them is almost 8kg (17 pounds). What’s amazing about this discovery is that finding a meteorite this large is rare. As per EurekAlert of the almost 45,000 meteorites found here, only a hundred or so are of the size of this newly discovered meteorite or larger. Watch | Gravitas: NASA to send a mission to 'golden' asteroid Maria Valdes, a research scientist at the Field Museum and the University of Chicago, who was part of this expedition, says, "Size doesn’t necessarily matter when it comes to meteorites, and even tiny micrometeorites can be incredibly scientifically valuable". "But of course, finding a big meteorite like this one is rare, and really exciting," she adds. Also read | India-based telescope detects faint radio signal from an extremely distant galaxy Four researchers were part of this mission - Valdes, Vinciane Debaille of the Université Libre de Bruxelles, who was leading the expedition; Maria Schönbächler of ETH-Zurich and Ryoga Maeda of Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The team was the first to explore potential new meteorite sites which were mapped using satellite imagery. Also read | Martian meteorite with vast array of organic compounds might hold clues to life on Mars Meteorites recovered by the team will now be analysed by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science. Additionally, the four researchers will also be studying the meteorite's sediment that potentially contains tiny micrometeorites by the researchers at their respective universities. Valdes says she’s eager to see what the analyses of the meteorites reveal, because "Studying meteorites helps us better understand our place in the universe," adding that she was eager to find what the meteorites reveal. "The bigger a sample size we have of meteorites, the better we can understand our Solar System, and the better we can understand ourselves," she added. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

'Rare and exciting' find: International team of researchers discover meteorite weighing 8 kg in Antarctica

It’s been months since China’s Zhurong Mars rover entered a “hibernation” to wait out the cold and harsh winter on planet&nbsp;Mars’ northern hemisphere and its alien landscape. However, the slumber which was planned to end in December of last year still continues. Now the question is, will the rover ever wake up? There’s still hope.

What is Zhurong?

Zhurong is part of Tianwen 1, China’s ambitious Mars mission, and the nation’s first interplanetary mission. The mission, which includes a Mars rover, touched down on the Red Planet’s Utopian Planitia in May of the year 2021.

Watch |&nbsp;This study suggests ancient Mars was also hit by climate change

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Why is a rover ‘sleeping’?&nbsp;

Following its landing, it conducted a range of scientific and exploration activities before retreating into a so-called hibernation or dormant state to survive the barren planet’s winter, during which, as per space.com, temperatures can fall down to minus 195 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 125 degrees Celsius).&nbsp;

It went to sleep on May 18 of last year.

What conditions are needed for it to wake up?

Talking to reporters in September 2022, Jia Yang, a Tianwen 1 mission deputy chief designer, revealed that Zhurong would wake up by itself when two conditions are met: it can generate energy greater than 140 watts and the planet’s temperature, or rather the region where the rover is, reaches the somewhat warmer, 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius).

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/men-are-from-mars-women-are-from-venus-which-one-should-humans-visit-first-520603">'Men are from Mars, women are from Venus', which planet should humans visit first?</a>

When was it supposed to rise up again?

Zhurong slumber was expected to end in December when the red planet experiences its spring equinox. However, this did not happen. So far, it’s just silence.

What went wrong?

As per a January 9 report by Space News, China’s first interplanetary mission may be in trouble “with the rover potentially lost on the surface after winter hibernation”. There is also speculation that maybe the temperatures just aren’t warm enough.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/humans-yet-to-set-foot-on-mars-yet-the-red-planet-is-already-littered-with-7000-kgs-of-our-trash-519541">Humans yet to set foot on Mars, but the red planet is already 'littered' with 7000 kg of our trash</a>

What is the temperature on Mars currently?

As per NASA’s Perseverance Rover, which is also wandering Mars’s surface, the temperature in the planet’s Jezero Crater has only briefly risen higher than Zhurong’s lowest heat requirement.&nbsp;

But given that Perseverance is nearer to the red planet’s equator - located around seven degrees latitude south of its Chinese counterpart - it may be experiencing slightly more favourable conditions than Zhurong.

How is Perseverance awake?

NASA's 2020 rover Perseverance, meanwhile, is not asleep. It is nuclear-powered and doesn’t need to hibernate.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mars-sample-collection-risks-bringing-to-earth-deadly-alien-virus-heres-what-you-should-know-478730">Mars sample collection risks bringing to Earth deadly alien virus. Here's what you should know</a>

What else could be plaguing the Chinese rover?

Zhurong generates its power using solar arrays. Mars is known for its sand storms and there is concern that the dust from them may be hindering the rover and its solar arrays’ ability to generate power.

While Zhurong’s panels are made using anti-dust material and it has a vibration setting to shake off the dust, even that feature requires some power. The rover has to be active to “shake it off”.

What now?

The rover's mission with which China achieved the status of being the second country to reach the surface of Mars is already a great success.

But only time can tell if it will wake up to achieve bigger and better things.

(With inputs from agencies)

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It’s been months since China’s Zhurong Mars rover entered a “hibernation” to wait out the cold and harsh winter on planet Mars’ northern hemisphere and its alien landscape.

It’s been months since China’s Zhurong Mars rover entered a “hibernation” to wait out the cold and harsh winter on planet Mars’ northern hemisphere and its alien landscape. However, the slumber which was planned to end in December of last year still continues. Now the question is, will the rover ever wake up? There’s still hope. What is Zhurong? Zhurong is part of Tianwen 1, China’s ambitious Mars mission, and the nation’s first interplanetary mission. The mission, which includes a Mars rover, touched down on the Red Planet’s Utopian Planitia in May of the year 2021. Watch | This study suggests ancient Mars was also hit by climate change Why is a rover ‘sleeping’? Following its landing, it conducted a range of scientific and exploration activities before retreating into a so-called hibernation or dormant state to survive the barren planet’s winter, during which, as per space.com, temperatures can fall down to minus 195 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 125 degrees Celsius). It went to sleep on May 18 of last year. What conditions are needed for it to wake up? Talking to reporters in September 2022, Jia Yang, a Tianwen 1 mission deputy chief designer, revealed that Zhurong would wake up by itself when two conditions are met: it can generate energy greater than 140 watts and the planet’s temperature, or rather the region where the rover is, reaches the somewhat warmer, 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius). Also read | 'Men are from Mars, women are from Venus', which planet should humans visit first? When was it supposed to rise up again? Zhurong slumber was expected to end in December when the red planet experiences its spring equinox. However, this did not happen. So far, it’s just silence. What went wrong? As per a January 9 report by Space News, China’s first interplanetary mission may be in trouble “with the rover potentially lost on the surface after winter hibernation”. There is also speculation that maybe the temperatures just aren’t warm enough. Also read | Humans yet to set foot on Mars, but the red planet is already 'littered' with 7000 kg of our trash What is the temperature on Mars currently? As per NASA’s Perseverance Rover, which is also wandering Mars’s surface, the temperature in the planet’s Jezero Crater has only briefly risen higher than Zhurong’s lowest heat requirement. But given that Perseverance is nearer to the red planet’s equator - located around seven degrees latitude south of its Chinese counterpart - it may be experiencing slightly more favourable conditions than Zhurong. How is Perseverance awake? NASA's 2020 rover Perseverance, meanwhile, is not asleep. It is nuclear-powered and doesn’t need to hibernate. Also read | Mars sample collection risks bringing to Earth deadly alien virus. Here's what you should know What else could be plaguing the Chinese rover? Zhurong generates its power using solar arrays. Mars is known for its sand storms and there is concern that the dust from them may be hindering the rover and its solar arrays’ ability to generate power. While Zhurong’s panels are made using anti-dust material and it has a vibration setting to shake off the dust, even that feature requires some power. The rover has to be active to “shake it off”. What now? The rover's mission with which China achieved the status of being the second country to reach the surface of Mars is already a great success. But only time can tell if it will wake up to achieve bigger and better things. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained | Zhurong's slumber continues for months. Has China's Mars rover fallen 'silent' forever?

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) which is located in India’s Pune, has detected a radio signal originating from an extremely distant galaxy.

Astronomers from McGill University in Canada and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) are behind the detection of these signals.&nbsp;The findings have been published in the scientific journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.&nbsp;

With the signal travelling across the largest astronomical distance to reach us, this discovery marks a historical point in humanity’s astronomical journey.

“The astronomical distance over which such a signal has been picked up is the largest so far by a large margin. This is also the first confirmed detection of strong lensing of 21 cm emission from a galaxy”, said the IISc in a statement.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indias-venus-orbiter-mission-shukrayaan-to-be-carried-out-in-2031-553521">India's Venus Orbiter Mission 'Shukrayaan' to be carried out in 2031?&nbsp;</a>

The signal reportedly originated from the atomic hydrogen of an ‘extremely’ distant galaxy. As per IISc, atomic hydrogen is the basic fuel required for star formation in a galaxy.

As per the information available on the IISc website, “when hot ionised gas from the surrounding medium of a galaxy falls onto the galaxy, the gas cools and forms atomic hydrogen, which then becomes molecular hydrogen, and eventually leads to the formation of stars. Therefore, understanding the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time requires tracing the evolution of neutral gas at different cosmological epochs.”

The radio signal was reportedly extremely weak.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/international-space-station-evaded-three-collision-risks-in-2022-553222">International Space Station evaded three collision risks in 2022</a>

However, it is still significant due to the fact that it is nearly impossible to detect emissions from a distant galaxy using the technology which is currently available. The telescopes currently have limited sensitivity.

“Until now, the most distant galaxy detected using 21 cm emission was at redshift z=0.376, which corresponds to a look-back time – the time elapsed between detecting the signal and its original emission – of 4.1 billion years,” said IISc in its statement.

Here, ‘Redshift’ refers to the change in wavelength of the signal depending on the object’s location and movement. Furthermore, the greater the value of z, the farther the object is.

(With inputs from agencies)

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The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) which is located in India’s Pune, has detected a radio signal originating from an extremely distant galaxy. Astronomers from McGill University in Canada and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) are behind the detection of these signals.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) which is located in India’s Pune, has detected a radio signal originating from an extremely distant galaxy. Astronomers from McGill University in Canada and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) are behind the detection of these signals. The findings have been published in the scientific journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. With the signal travelling across the largest astronomical distance to reach us, this discovery marks a historical point in humanity’s astronomical journey. “The astronomical distance over which such a signal has been picked up is the largest so far by a large margin. This is also the first confirmed detection of strong lensing of 21 cm emission from a galaxy”, said the IISc in a statement. Also read | India's Venus Orbiter Mission 'Shukrayaan' to be carried out in 2031? The signal reportedly originated from the atomic hydrogen of an ‘extremely’ distant galaxy. As per IISc, atomic hydrogen is the basic fuel required for star formation in a galaxy. As per the information available on the IISc website, “when hot ionised gas from the surrounding medium of a galaxy falls onto the galaxy, the gas cools and forms atomic hydrogen, which then becomes molecular hydrogen, and eventually leads to the formation of stars. Therefore, understanding the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time requires tracing the evolution of neutral gas at different cosmological epochs.” The radio signal was reportedly extremely weak. Also read | International Space Station evaded three collision risks in 2022 However, it is still significant due to the fact that it is nearly impossible to detect emissions from a distant galaxy using the technology which is currently available. The telescopes currently have limited sensitivity. “Until now, the most distant galaxy detected using 21 cm emission was at redshift z=0.376, which corresponds to a look-back time – the time elapsed between detecting the signal and its original emission – of 4.1 billion years,” said IISc in its statement. Here, ‘Redshift’ refers to the change in wavelength of the signal depending on the object’s location and movement. Furthermore, the greater the value of z, the farther the object is. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India-based telescope detects faint radio signal from an extremely distant galaxy

NASA’s largest and most powerful space science telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made the groundbreaking discovery of a planet that is around 99 per cent the size of Earth. It is located in the constellation Otans, and is just 41 light years away from our home planet. The newly discovered exoplanet has formally been classified as LHS 475 b., and currently not much is known about its atmosphere and whether it is fit to be inhabited by humans. While researchers have ruled out a thick methane-dominated atmosphere similar to that of Saturn’s moon Titan, they say that atmospheric compositions like a pure carbon dioxide atmosphere have not been ruled out.

Watch |&nbsp;NASA's Dart mission: The world's first planetary defence

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The newly discovered space object has been classified as an exoplanet as it orbits another star and is terrestrial, i.e., it is a rocky planet, composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. As per a Daily Mail report, it completes the orbit in two days.

IANS reports that the planet is a few hundred degrees warmer than Earth.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/rare-treat-for-skywatchers-all-solar-system-planets-visible-to-the-naked-eye-547558">Rare 'treat' for skywatchers: All solar system planets visible to the naked eye</a>

As per the team behind this discovery, the James Webb telescope has proven just how powerful its technology is. Talking to the press, Mark Clampin, Astrophysics Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC, said that the find opens the door “to many future possibilities for studying rocky planet atmospheres with Webb.”

He remarked that the telescope “is bringing us closer and closer to a new understanding of Earth-like worlds outside our solar system, and the mission is only just getting started.”&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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NASA’s largest and most powerful space science telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made the groundbreaking discovery of a planet that is around 99 per cent the size of Earth.

NASA’s largest and most powerful space science telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made the groundbreaking discovery of a planet that is around 99 per cent the size of Earth. It is located in the constellation Otans, and is just 41 light years away from our home planet. The newly discovered exoplanet has formally been classified as LHS 475 b., and currently not much is known about its atmosphere and whether it is fit to be inhabited by humans. While researchers have ruled out a thick methane-dominated atmosphere similar to that of Saturn’s moon Titan, they say that atmospheric compositions like a pure carbon dioxide atmosphere have not been ruled out. Watch | NASA's Dart mission: The world's first planetary defence The newly discovered space object has been classified as an exoplanet as it orbits another star and is terrestrial, i.e., it is a rocky planet, composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. As per a Daily Mail report, it completes the orbit in two days. IANS reports that the planet is a few hundred degrees warmer than Earth. Also read | Rare 'treat' for skywatchers: All solar system planets visible to the naked eye As per the team behind this discovery, the James Webb telescope has proven just how powerful its technology is. Talking to the press, Mark Clampin, Astrophysics Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC, said that the find opens the door “to many future possibilities for studying rocky planet atmospheres with Webb.” He remarked that the telescope “is bringing us closer and closer to a new understanding of Earth-like worlds outside our solar system, and the mission is only just getting started.” (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Earth 2.0: NASA's James Webb telescope discovers a nearly Earth-sized exoplanet

At a time when the Emirates' space sector is witnessing significant and rapid progress, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Space Agency is to host an international event featuring all major space powers. The new global forum is dubbed 'Abu Dhabi Space Debate' and its maiden edition will be held in the eponymous city in December this year. The event is meant to offer a global forum for the space industry, nations, business leaders and policymakers to come together and address the issues facing growth and innovation in space.

The event gains importance given the pace at which many nations are venturing towards developing space capabilities and are witnessing a boom in the private aerospace sector. Hosted under the patronage of UAE president Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Abu Dhabi Space Debate is to take place on the 5th and 6th of December 2022.

According to Her Excellency Sarah Bint Yousif Al Amiri, Chair of the UAE Space Agency and the Abu Dhabi Space Debate Committee, the world is seeing a huge expansion in organisations developing space capabilities and potential, but that growth in the sector brings challenges, ranging from preservation of national interests through to the regulation of private sector players. "The Abu Dhabi Space Debate aims to create a global platform that will bring together a diverse and challenging audience and forge concrete progress in advancing international co-operation, standards and policy-setting for the space sector", she added.

The Emirates operates 19 Earth-orbiting satellites, whereas ten additional satellites are under development. With over 50 organisations and institutions and five research centres for space sciences, the Emirates has committed to long-term interplanetary exploration missions and the accelerated development of its emerging private sector space ecosystem.

On the importance of international collaboration in space, Al Amiri said, "Our space programme has been built on collaboration, with partners in Europe, South Korea, the US, Japan and elsewhere. We have been keen to embrace international efforts to work together on common goals and objectives, and we’re committed to supporting efforts from the Artemis Accords to the United Nations Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities."

The maiden edition of the Abu Dhabi Space Debate is set to gather leaders and policymakers in the public and private space sector from around the globe, particularly from China, Europe, India, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

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At a time when the Emirates' space sector is witnessing significant and rapid progress, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Space Agency is to host an international event featuring all major space powers.

At a time when the Emirates' space sector is witnessing significant and rapid progress, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Space Agency is to host an international event featuring all major space powers. The new global forum is dubbed 'Abu Dhabi Space Debate' and its maiden edition will be held in the eponymous city in December this year. The event is meant to offer a global forum for the space industry, nations, business leaders and policymakers to come together and address the issues facing growth and innovation in space. The event gains importance given the pace at which many nations are venturing towards developing space capabilities and are witnessing a boom in the private aerospace sector. Hosted under the patronage of UAE president Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Abu Dhabi Space Debate is to take place on the 5th and 6th of December 2022. According to Her Excellency Sarah Bint Yousif Al Amiri, Chair of the UAE Space Agency and the Abu Dhabi Space Debate Committee, the world is seeing a huge expansion in organisations developing space capabilities and potential, but that growth in the sector brings challenges, ranging from preservation of national interests through to the regulation of private sector players. "The Abu Dhabi Space Debate aims to create a global platform that will bring together a diverse and challenging audience and forge concrete progress in advancing international co-operation, standards and policy-setting for the space sector", she added. The Emirates operates 19 Earth-orbiting satellites, whereas ten additional satellites are under development. With over 50 organisations and institutions and five research centres for space sciences, the Emirates has committed to long-term interplanetary exploration missions and the accelerated development of its emerging private sector space ecosystem. On the importance of international collaboration in space, Al Amiri said, "Our space programme has been built on collaboration, with partners in Europe, South Korea, the US, Japan and elsewhere. We have been keen to embrace international efforts to work together on common goals and objectives, and we’re committed to supporting efforts from the Artemis Accords to the United Nations Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities." The maiden edition of the Abu Dhabi Space Debate is set to gather leaders and policymakers in the public and private space sector from around the globe, particularly from China, Europe, India, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

UAE to host representation from India, US, China, Europe for 'Abu Dhabi Space Debate'

A fragrance that imitates the smell of space is all set to enter the market.

The fragrance was developed by Steve Pearce to help astronauts get used to the smell of space. Pearce is seeking crowdfunding to mass-produce the perfume - Eau de Space - and launch it in a wider market. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-wants-inventors-to-design-a-loo-for-the-moon-309465">Also Read:&nbsp;NASA wants inventors to design a loo for the moon</a>

NASA has been using the fragrance for over a decade now. Pearce, who is also the CEO of Omega Ingredients, credits inputs from astronauts for his invention which took&nbsp;4 years to develop. The extraterrestrial explorers have described the odour of space as the smell of seared steak, welding fumes, hot metal, rum, raspberries and a little like gunpowder too. 
 
<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-tech/nasa-finds-evidence-of-parallel-universe-where-time-runs-backward-299949">Also Read:&nbsp;NASA finds evidence of parallel universe where time runs backward</a>

Omega Ingredients is also planning to launch a fragrance that smells of lunar dust called 'Smell of the Moon'.
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Last week, NASA launched a Lunar loo challenge, asking the public to send across designs for compact toilets that can function in microgravity and lunar gravity.

The design will be used for the Nasa's 'Artemis' programme to land the first woman and the next man on the moon in 2024.

&nbsp;

A fragrance that imitates the smell of space is all set to enter the market. The fragrance was developed by Steve Pearce to help astronauts get used to the smell of space.

A fragrance that imitates the smell of space is all set to enter the market. The fragrance was developed by Steve Pearce to help astronauts get used to the smell of space. Pearce is seeking crowdfunding to mass-produce the perfume - Eau de Space - and launch it in a wider market. Also Read: NASA wants inventors to design a loo for the moon NASA has been using the fragrance for over a decade now. Pearce, who is also the CEO of Omega Ingredients, credits inputs from astronauts for his invention which took 4 years to develop. The extraterrestrial explorers have described the odour of space as the smell of seared steak, welding fumes, hot metal, rum, raspberries and a little like gunpowder too. Also Read: NASA finds evidence of parallel universe where time runs backward Omega Ingredients is also planning to launch a fragrance that smells of lunar dust called 'Smell of the Moon'. Last week, NASA launched a Lunar loo challenge, asking the public to send across designs for compact toilets that can function in microgravity and lunar gravity. The design will be used for the Nasa's 'Artemis' programme to land the first woman and the next man on the moon in 2024.

Now, a perfume will bring the fragrance of outer space to earth

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/3-man-crew-from-italy-russia-us-blasts-off-to-international-space-station-382">A three-man crew </a>including an Emirati who became the first Arab to reach the International Space Station returned to Earth safely on Thursday and were in good shape, the Russian space agency Roscosmos said.

Hazzaa Al-Mansoori of the United Arab Emirates touched down in the Kazakh steppes at 1059 GMT along with NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexey Ovchinin, who both survived a failed launch to the ISS last year.

"The crew that returned to Earth is feeling well," Roscosmos said immediately after the landing.

Roscosmos footage from the landing site in central Kazakhstan showed Mansoori smiling as he sat wrapped in an Emirati flag after leaving the capsule.

Hague and Ovchinin completed a 203-day mission aboard the orbiting laboratory while Mansoori's two crewmates from his September 25 launch -- Russia's Oleg Skripochka and NASA's Jessica Meir -- are staying on as part of a six-member team.

Although Mansoori's mission was short -- &nbsp;eight days in total -- it has been the source of great pride in the UAE, a newcomer to the world of space with ambitions to send an unmanned probe to orbit Mars by 2021.

UAE leaders were quick to hail his safe return.

Abu Dhabi's powerful Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan hailed the mission in a Twitter post.

"Congratulations to the people of the UAE for this historic achievement. Zayed's sons will fulfil our ambition to reach Mars," the Crown Prince wrote.

Mansoori has been active on Twitter where he shared photos of the UAE and Mecca -- Islam's holiest site -- from the space station.

On Thursday, he posted a view of space taken from the station's Cupola panoramic observatory module and paid tribute to UAE founding father Sheikh Zayed.

"With fear and pride, I am returning with Zayed's ambition achieved. We are not done yet, and we will never be. To bring back the golden era of Arab astronauts," he wrote.

Mansoori's blast-off from the launchpad that sent Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into space was roared on by a large crowd at the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre in the UAE, where he has been feted as a hero.

Dubai's Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest skyscraper, was lit up at the moment of the launch.

The 35-year-old former military pilot's whirlwind mission has had wall-to-wall coverage in Arab media.

He is expected to receive an ecstatic welcome when he returns to the UAE following a stopover at the Roscosmos training base in Star City outside Moscow.

Mansoori flew to the ISS after the UAE signed a contract with Roscosmos to allow him to become a "spaceflight participant," a term used for people from outside the main space agencies who take short trips to the station.

Russia currently enjoys a monopoly on manned flights to the ISS.

The first Arab in outer space was Saudi Arabia's Sultan bin Salman Al-Saud, who flew on a US shuttle mission in 1985.

Two years later, Syrian air force pilot Muhammed Faris spent a week aboard the Soviet Union's Mir space station.

As part of its space plans, the UAE has also announced its aim to become the first Arab country to send an unmanned probe to orbit Mars by 2021, naming it "Hope".

While onboard, Mansoori donned Emirati dress, treated crew members to local snacks and participated in scientific experiments including a time-perception study that saw him sport a blindfold.

The return from space of Ovchinin and Hague came a year after their rocket failed to launch in the first accident of its kind in Russia's post-Soviet history. &nbsp;

The two men took off in a Soyuz rocket for the ISS in October 2018, but an accident minutes after blast-off sent them plunging back to Earth.

The pair launched again -- this time without hiccups -- to begin Ovchinin's second and Hague's first mission aboard the ISS in February.

The ISS -- a rare example of cooperation between Russia and the West -- has been orbiting Earth at about 28,000 kilometres (17,000 miles) an hour since 1998.

A three-man crew including an Emirati who became the first Arab to reach the International Space Station returned to Earth safely on Thursday and were in good shape, the Russian space agency Roscosmos said.

A three-man crew including an Emirati who became the first Arab to reach the International Space Station returned to Earth safely on Thursday and were in good shape, the Russian space agency Roscosmos said. Hazzaa Al-Mansoori of the United Arab Emirates touched down in the Kazakh steppes at 1059 GMT along with NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexey Ovchinin, who both survived a failed launch to the ISS last year. "The crew that returned to Earth is feeling well," Roscosmos said immediately after the landing. Roscosmos footage from the landing site in central Kazakhstan showed Mansoori smiling as he sat wrapped in an Emirati flag after leaving the capsule. Hague and Ovchinin completed a 203-day mission aboard the orbiting laboratory while Mansoori's two crewmates from his September 25 launch -- Russia's Oleg Skripochka and NASA's Jessica Meir -- are staying on as part of a six-member team. Although Mansoori's mission was short -- eight days in total -- it has been the source of great pride in the UAE, a newcomer to the world of space with ambitions to send an unmanned probe to orbit Mars by 2021. UAE leaders were quick to hail his safe return. Abu Dhabi's powerful Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan hailed the mission in a Twitter post. "Congratulations to the people of the UAE for this historic achievement. Zayed's sons will fulfil our ambition to reach Mars," the Crown Prince wrote. Mansoori has been active on Twitter where he shared photos of the UAE and Mecca -- Islam's holiest site -- from the space station. On Thursday, he posted a view of space taken from the station's Cupola panoramic observatory module and paid tribute to UAE founding father Sheikh Zayed. "With fear and pride, I am returning with Zayed's ambition achieved. We are not done yet, and we will never be. To bring back the golden era of Arab astronauts," he wrote. Mansoori's blast-off from the launchpad that sent Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into space was roared on by a large crowd at the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre in the UAE, where he has been feted as a hero. Dubai's Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest skyscraper, was lit up at the moment of the launch. The 35-year-old former military pilot's whirlwind mission has had wall-to-wall coverage in Arab media. He is expected to receive an ecstatic welcome when he returns to the UAE following a stopover at the Roscosmos training base in Star City outside Moscow. Mansoori flew to the ISS after the UAE signed a contract with Roscosmos to allow him to become a "spaceflight participant," a term used for people from outside the main space agencies who take short trips to the station. Russia currently enjoys a monopoly on manned flights to the ISS. The first Arab in outer space was Saudi Arabia's Sultan bin Salman Al-Saud, who flew on a US shuttle mission in 1985. Two years later, Syrian air force pilot Muhammed Faris spent a week aboard the Soviet Union's Mir space station. As part of its space plans, the UAE has also announced its aim to become the first Arab country to send an unmanned probe to orbit Mars by 2021, naming it "Hope". While onboard, Mansoori donned Emirati dress, treated crew members to local snacks and participated in scientific experiments including a time-perception study that saw him sport a blindfold. The return from space of Ovchinin and Hague came a year after their rocket failed to launch in the first accident of its kind in Russia's post-Soviet history. The two men took off in a Soyuz rocket for the ISS in October 2018, but an accident minutes after blast-off sent them plunging back to Earth. The pair launched again -- this time without hiccups -- to begin Ovchinin's second and Hague's first mission aboard the ISS in February. The ISS -- a rare example of cooperation between Russia and the West -- has been orbiting Earth at about 28,000 kilometres (17,000 miles) an hour since 1998.

First Arab on International Space Station returns to Earth

By Kevin Pimbblet

Black holes are long-time superstars of science fiction. But their Hollywood fame is a little strange given that no-one has ever actually seen one – at least, until now. If you needed to see to believe, then thank the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), which has just produced the first ever direct image of a black hole. This amazing feat required global collaboration to turn the Earth into one giant telescope and image an object thousands of trillions of kilometres away.

As stunning and ground-breaking as it is, the EHT project is not just about taking on a challenge. It’s an unprecedented test of whether Einstein’s ideas about the very nature of space and time hold up in extreme circumstances, and looks closer than ever before at the role of black holes in the universe.

To cut a long story short: Einstein was right.

Capturing the uncapturable

A black hole is a region of space whose mass is so large and dense that not even light can escape its gravitational attraction. Against the black backdrop of the inky beyond, capturing one is a near impossible task. But thanks to Stephen Hawking’s groundbreaking work, we know that the colossal masses are not just black abysses. Not only are they able to emit huge jets of plasma, but their immense gravity pulls in streams of matter into its core.

When matter approaches a black hole’s event horizon – the point at which not even light can escape – it forms an orbiting disk. Matter in this disk will convert some of its energy to friction as it rubs against other particles of matter. This warms up the disk, just as we warm our hands on a cold day by rubbing them together. The closer the matter, the greater the friction. Matter closer to the event horizon glows brilliantly bright with the heat of hundreds of Suns. It is this light that the EHT detected, along with the “silhouette” of the black hole.

Producing the image and analysing such data is an amazingly hard task. As an astronomer who studies black holes in faraway galaxies, I cannot usually even image a single star in those galaxies clearly, let alone see the black hole at their centres.

The EHT team decided to target two of the closest supermassive black holes to us – both in the large elliptical shaped galaxy, M87, and in Sagittarius A*, at the centre of our Milky Way.

To give a sense of how hard this task is, while the Milky Way’s black hole has a mass of 4.1 million Suns and a diameter of 60 million kilometres, it is 250,614,750,218,665,392 kilometres away from Earth – that's the equivalent of travelling from London to New York 45 trillion times. As noted by the EHT team, it is like being in New York and trying to count the dimples on a golf ball in Los Angeles or imaging an orange on the moon.

To photograph something so impossibly far away, the team needed a telescope as big as the Earth itself. In the absence of such a gargantuan machine, the EHT team connected together telescopes from around the planet, and combined their data. To capture an accurate image at such a distance, the telescopes needed to be stable, and their readings completely synchronised.

To accomplish this challenging feat, the team used atomic clocks so accurate that they lose just one second per hundred million years. The 5,000 terabytes of data collected was so large that it had to be stored on hundreds of hard drives and physically delivered to a supercomputer, which corrected the time differences in the data and produced the image above.

General Relativity vindicated 
 
With a sense of excitement, I watched the live stream showing the image of the black hole from the centre of M87 for the first time.

The most important initial take-home is that Einstein was right. Again. His general theory of relativity has passed two serious tests from the universe’s most extreme conditions in the last few years. Here, Einstein’s theory predicted the observations from M87 with unerring accuracy and is seemingly the correct description of the nature of space, time, and gravity.

The measurements of the speeds of matter around the centre of the black hole are consistent with being near the speed of light. From the image, the EHT scientists determined that the M87 black hole is 6.5 billion times the mass of the Sun and 40 billion km across – that’s larger than Neptune’s 200-year orbit of the sun.

The Milky Way’s black hole was too challenging to image accurately this time round due to rapid variability in light output. Hopefully, more telescopes will be added to the EHT’s array soon, to get ever clearer images of these fascinating objects. I have no doubt that in the near future we will be able to gaze upon the dark heart of our very own galaxy.

(Kevin Pimbblet is Senior Lecturer in Physics, University of Hull)

(This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/first-black-hole-photo-confirms-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-115167">original article)</a>

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)&nbsp; 
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By Kevin Pimbblet Black holes are long-time superstars of science fiction. But their Hollywood fame is a little strange given that no-one has ever actually seen one – at least, until now.

By Kevin Pimbblet Black holes are long-time superstars of science fiction. But their Hollywood fame is a little strange given that no-one has ever actually seen one – at least, until now. If you needed to see to believe, then thank the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), which has just produced the first ever direct image of a black hole. This amazing feat required global collaboration to turn the Earth into one giant telescope and image an object thousands of trillions of kilometres away. As stunning and ground-breaking as it is, the EHT project is not just about taking on a challenge. It’s an unprecedented test of whether Einstein’s ideas about the very nature of space and time hold up in extreme circumstances, and looks closer than ever before at the role of black holes in the universe. To cut a long story short: Einstein was right. Capturing the uncapturable A black hole is a region of space whose mass is so large and dense that not even light can escape its gravitational attraction. Against the black backdrop of the inky beyond, capturing one is a near impossible task. But thanks to Stephen Hawking’s groundbreaking work, we know that the colossal masses are not just black abysses. Not only are they able to emit huge jets of plasma, but their immense gravity pulls in streams of matter into its core. When matter approaches a black hole’s event horizon – the point at which not even light can escape – it forms an orbiting disk. Matter in this disk will convert some of its energy to friction as it rubs against other particles of matter. This warms up the disk, just as we warm our hands on a cold day by rubbing them together. The closer the matter, the greater the friction. Matter closer to the event horizon glows brilliantly bright with the heat of hundreds of Suns. It is this light that the EHT detected, along with the “silhouette” of the black hole. Producing the image and analysing such data is an amazingly hard task. As an astronomer who studies black holes in faraway galaxies, I cannot usually even image a single star in those galaxies clearly, let alone see the black hole at their centres. The EHT team decided to target two of the closest supermassive black holes to us – both in the large elliptical shaped galaxy, M87, and in Sagittarius A*, at the centre of our Milky Way. To give a sense of how hard this task is, while the Milky Way’s black hole has a mass of 4.1 million Suns and a diameter of 60 million kilometres, it is 250,614,750,218,665,392 kilometres away from Earth – that's the equivalent of travelling from London to New York 45 trillion times. As noted by the EHT team, it is like being in New York and trying to count the dimples on a golf ball in Los Angeles or imaging an orange on the moon. To photograph something so impossibly far away, the team needed a telescope as big as the Earth itself. In the absence of such a gargantuan machine, the EHT team connected together telescopes from around the planet, and combined their data. To capture an accurate image at such a distance, the telescopes needed to be stable, and their readings completely synchronised. To accomplish this challenging feat, the team used atomic clocks so accurate that they lose just one second per hundred million years. The 5,000 terabytes of data collected was so large that it had to be stored on hundreds of hard drives and physically delivered to a supercomputer, which corrected the time differences in the data and produced the image above. General Relativity vindicated With a sense of excitement, I watched the live stream showing the image of the black hole from the centre of M87 for the first time. The most important initial take-home is that Einstein was right. Again. His general theory of relativity has passed two serious tests from the universe’s most extreme conditions in the last few years. Here, Einstein’s theory predicted the observations from M87 with unerring accuracy and is seemingly the correct description of the nature of space, time, and gravity. The measurements of the speeds of matter around the centre of the black hole are consistent with being near the speed of light. From the image, the EHT scientists determined that the M87 black hole is 6.5 billion times the mass of the Sun and 40 billion km across – that’s larger than Neptune’s 200-year orbit of the sun. The Milky Way’s black hole was too challenging to image accurately this time round due to rapid variability in light output. Hopefully, more telescopes will be added to the EHT’s array soon, to get ever clearer images of these fascinating objects. I have no doubt that in the near future we will be able to gaze upon the dark heart of our very own galaxy. (Kevin Pimbblet is Senior Lecturer in Physics, University of Hull) (This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

First black hole photo confirms Einstein’s theory of relativity

NASA's InSight lands on Mars to peer into planet's deep interior