Nine years after its wildly successful Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), aka Mangalyaan, India is preparing to send another spacecraft to the red planet.

This was reported by Hindustan Times (HT) citing officials from the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

<h2>MOM-2</h2>

The Mars Orbiter Mission-2 or MOM-2 would reportedly carry four payloads. As per documents assessed by the news outlet, these payloads would contain scientific instruments that will study aspects of the barren planet, including interplanetary dust, the Martian atmosphere and the environment.

According to the mission document, payloads will include: a Mars Orbit Dust Experiment (MODEX), a Radio Occultation (RO) experiment, an Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) and a Langmuir Probe and Electric Field Experiment (LPEX).

Speaking on condition of anonymity, an ISRO official told HT that "all of these payloads are in different stages of development."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/how-pslv-rocket-tech-led-to-missile-tech-former-isro-chairman-madhavan-nair-recalls-640555">How PSLV rocket research led to missile development: Former ISRO chairman Madhavan Nair recalls</a>

<h2>Functions of individual payloads</h2>

Of the payloads, MODEX will help understand the origin, abundance, distribution, and flux at high altitudes on Mars.

"There are no measurements of Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) at Mars. The instrument can detect particles of size from a few hundred nm to few µm, travelling at hypervelocity (&gt; 1 km/s). The outcomes can help explain the dust flux at Mars, whether there is any ring (as hypothesized) around Mars and also confirm whether the dust is interplanetary or coming from Phobos or Deimos (the two moons of Mars). The study of dust can help explain the RO experiment results," said the mission document.

Radio Occultation instrument will measure neutral and electron density profiles, reports HT. It will help understand the behaviour of the planet's atmosphere.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-moonshot-plans-involve-making-human-settlements-by-2040-641690">NASA's moonshot plans involve making human settlements by 2040</a>

Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) will help the space agency characterise solar energy and supra-thermal solar wind particles in the Martian environment. This particular instrument will also aid in our understanding of the red planet's loss of its atmosphere&nbsp;aeons ago.

Finally, the Langmuir Probe and Electric Field Experiment (LPEX) will enable the measurement of electron number density, electron temperature and electric field waves — which will give a better picture of the plasma environment on Mars.

The previous Mangalyaan mission was India's first interplanetary mission, which made the nation only the fourth country to achieve Mars orbit, after Russia's ROSCOSMOS, the US's NASA and the European Space Agency.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Nine years after its wildly successful Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), aka Mangalyaan, India is preparing to send another spacecraft to the red planet. This was reported by Hindustan Times (HT) citing officials from the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Nine years after its wildly successful Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), aka Mangalyaan, India is preparing to send another spacecraft to the red planet. This was reported by Hindustan Times (HT) citing officials from the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). MOM-2 The Mars Orbiter Mission-2 or MOM-2 would reportedly carry four payloads. As per documents assessed by the news outlet, these payloads would contain scientific instruments that will study aspects of the barren planet, including interplanetary dust, the Martian atmosphere and the environment. According to the mission document, payloads will include: a Mars Orbit Dust Experiment (MODEX), a Radio Occultation (RO) experiment, an Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) and a Langmuir Probe and Electric Field Experiment (LPEX). Speaking on condition of anonymity, an ISRO official told HT that "all of these payloads are in different stages of development." Also read | How PSLV rocket research led to missile development: Former ISRO chairman Madhavan Nair recalls Functions of individual payloads Of the payloads, MODEX will help understand the origin, abundance, distribution, and flux at high altitudes on Mars. "There are no measurements of Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) at Mars. The instrument can detect particles of size from a few hundred nm to few µm, travelling at hypervelocity (> 1 km/s). The outcomes can help explain the dust flux at Mars, whether there is any ring (as hypothesized) around Mars and also confirm whether the dust is interplanetary or coming from Phobos or Deimos (the two moons of Mars). The study of dust can help explain the RO experiment results," said the mission document. Radio Occultation instrument will measure neutral and electron density profiles, reports HT. It will help understand the behaviour of the planet's atmosphere. Also read | NASA's moonshot plans involve making human settlements by 2040 Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) will help the space agency characterise solar energy and supra-thermal solar wind particles in the Martian environment. This particular instrument will also aid in our understanding of the red planet's loss of its atmosphere aeons ago. Finally, the Langmuir Probe and Electric Field Experiment (LPEX) will enable the measurement of electron number density, electron temperature and electric field waves — which will give a better picture of the plasma environment on Mars. The previous Mangalyaan mission was India's first interplanetary mission, which made the nation only the fourth country to achieve Mars orbit, after Russia's ROSCOSMOS, the US's NASA and the European Space Agency. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India once again sets sights on Mars, readies to launch Mangalyaan-2

India's solar mission spacecraft, Aditya-L1, has travelled beyond a distance of 9.2 lakh kilometres from Earth, successfully escaping the sphere of Earth's influence and is now navigating its path towards the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said on Saturday (Sep 30).

"This is the second time in succession that ISRO could send a spacecraft outside the sphere of influence of the Earth, the first time being the Mars Orbiter Mission," it said.

Earlier this month, ISRO said that the Aditya-L1 solar mission spacecraft has started collecting data which will further help scientists study the behaviour of particles surrounding Earth.

The data that will be collected around L1 would provide insights into the origin, acceleration, and anisotropy of solar wind and space weather phenomena, it said.

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Aditya-L1 Mission: 
 
🔸The spacecraft has travelled beyond a distance of 9.2 lakh kilometres from Earth, successfully escaping the sphere of Earth's influence. It is now navigating its path towards the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1). 
 
🔸This is the second time in succession that…
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&nbsp;

<h2>Aditya-L1 mission</h2>

India’s maiden sun mission was launched on September 2 from the Second Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota. The spacecraft has undergone three Earth-bound manoeuvres, with the first, second and third taking place on September 3, 5 and 10 respectively.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/india-condemns-disgraceful-incident-after-high-commissioner-denied-entry-to-uk-gurudwara-641341">India condemns 'disgraceful incident' after envoy stopped at Glasgow gurudwara</a>

The manoeuvres are being performed during the spacecraft’s 16-day journey around the Earth where the spacecraft will gain the necessary velocity for its further journey to L1. The L1 point was discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange.&nbsp;

It is considered to be the most significant of the Lagrangian points for observation of the Sun.

Aditya-L1 is equipped with seven scientific payloads developed indigenously by the ISRO and various national research laboratories, including the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), in the Indian cities of Bengaluru and Pune, respectively.

These payloads are designed to study the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun, known as the corona, using electromagnetic, particle, and magnetic field detectors.

Positioned at the advantageous L1 point, four of these payloads will directly observe the Sun, while the remaining three will conduct in-situ studies of particles and fields at Lagrange point L1.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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India's solar mission spacecraft, Aditya-L1, has travelled beyond a distance of 9.2 lakh kilometres from Earth, successfully escaping the sphere of Earth's influence and is now navigating its path towards the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said on Saturday (Sep 30).

India's solar mission spacecraft, Aditya-L1, has travelled beyond a distance of 9.2 lakh kilometres from Earth, successfully escaping the sphere of Earth's influence and is now navigating its path towards the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said on Saturday (Sep 30). "This is the second time in succession that ISRO could send a spacecraft outside the sphere of influence of the Earth, the first time being the Mars Orbiter Mission," it said. Earlier this month, ISRO said that the Aditya-L1 solar mission spacecraft has started collecting data which will further help scientists study the behaviour of particles surrounding Earth. The data that will be collected around L1 would provide insights into the origin, acceleration, and anisotropy of solar wind and space weather phenomena, it said. Aditya-L1 Mission: 🔸The spacecraft has travelled beyond a distance of 9.2 lakh kilometres from Earth, successfully escaping the sphere of Earth's influence. It is now navigating its path towards the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1). 🔸This is the second time in succession that… — ISRO (@isro) September 30, 2023 × Aditya-L1 mission India’s maiden sun mission was launched on September 2 from the Second Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota. The spacecraft has undergone three Earth-bound manoeuvres, with the first, second and third taking place on September 3, 5 and 10 respectively. Also read: India condemns 'disgraceful incident' after envoy stopped at Glasgow gurudwara The manoeuvres are being performed during the spacecraft’s 16-day journey around the Earth where the spacecraft will gain the necessary velocity for its further journey to L1. The L1 point was discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. It is considered to be the most significant of the Lagrangian points for observation of the Sun. Aditya-L1 is equipped with seven scientific payloads developed indigenously by the ISRO and various national research laboratories, including the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), in the Indian cities of Bengaluru and Pune, respectively. These payloads are designed to study the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun, known as the corona, using electromagnetic, particle, and magnetic field detectors. Positioned at the advantageous L1 point, four of these payloads will directly observe the Sun, while the remaining three will conduct in-situ studies of particles and fields at Lagrange point L1. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India's Aditya-L1 spacecraft successfully escapes sphere of Earth's influence: ISRO

The Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), S Somnath, announced on Tuesday (Sept 26) that India has configured its mission to Venus, the brightest planet in the solar system.

The announcement marks a significant milestone in India's space exploration endeavours following the success of the moon mission, Chandrayaan-3 in August this year.

Addressing the Indian National Science Academy in Delhi, Somnath stated, "We have numerous missions in the conceptual phase, and a mission to Venus has already been configured, with its payloads already developed."

<h2>Why studying Venus is important?</h2>

The ISRO chief said that&nbsp;studying Venus, given its planetary attributes such as&nbsp;a dense atmosphere, high atmospheric pressure, acidic conditions, and an enigmatic surface, will be crucial for the field of space sciences.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-finally-figure-out-mystery-behind-flashes-of-light-being-observed-on-venus-636240">Scientists finally know what the mysterious flashes of light on Venus really are</a>

"Venus is a very interesting planet. It also has an atmosphere. Its atmosphere is so thick. The atmospheric pressure is 100 times that of Earth and it is full of acids. You cannot penetrate the surface. You don't know if its surface is hard or not. Why are we trying to understand all of this? Earth could be one day Venus. I don't know. Maybe 10,000 years later we (Earth) change our characteristics. Earth was never like this. It was not a habitable place long long back," Somnath said.

Venus, Earth's closest neighbour in the solar system, shares similarities in size and density, earning it the nickname "Earth's twin."

Also watch |&nbsp;Gravitas Plus: ISRO's Next Big Projects Will Blow Your Mind | Sun, Venus, and Beyond | Watch

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Notably, other space agencies, such as the European Space Agency (ESA), Japan's Akatsuki Venus Climate Orbiter, and NASA, have also conducted missions to explore Venus.

NASA, in particular, has plans for future Venus missions in 2029, 2030, and 2031, building on its previous flyby missions. 
 
ISRO's recent achievements, including the launch of the Aditya L1 spacecraft to study the Sun, underscore India's growing presence in space exploration.

Aditya-L1 is the first Indian space-based observatory to study the Sun from a halo orbit around the first Sun-Earth Lagrangian point (L1), located roughly 1.5 million km from Earth.

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The Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), S Somnath, announced on Tuesday (Sept 26) that India has configured its mission to Venus, the brightest planet in the solar system.

The Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), S Somnath, announced on Tuesday (Sept 26) that India has configured its mission to Venus, the brightest planet in the solar system. The announcement marks a significant milestone in India's space exploration endeavours following the success of the moon mission, Chandrayaan-3 in August this year. Addressing the Indian National Science Academy in Delhi, Somnath stated, "We have numerous missions in the conceptual phase, and a mission to Venus has already been configured, with its payloads already developed." Why studying Venus is important? The ISRO chief said that studying Venus, given its planetary attributes such as a dense atmosphere, high atmospheric pressure, acidic conditions, and an enigmatic surface, will be crucial for the field of space sciences. Also read | Scientists finally know what the mysterious flashes of light on Venus really are "Venus is a very interesting planet. It also has an atmosphere. Its atmosphere is so thick. The atmospheric pressure is 100 times that of Earth and it is full of acids. You cannot penetrate the surface. You don't know if its surface is hard or not. Why are we trying to understand all of this? Earth could be one day Venus. I don't know. Maybe 10,000 years later we (Earth) change our characteristics. Earth was never like this. It was not a habitable place long long back," Somnath said. Venus, Earth's closest neighbour in the solar system, shares similarities in size and density, earning it the nickname "Earth's twin." Also watch | Gravitas Plus: ISRO's Next Big Projects Will Blow Your Mind | Sun, Venus, and Beyond | Watch × Notably, other space agencies, such as the European Space Agency (ESA), Japan's Akatsuki Venus Climate Orbiter, and NASA, have also conducted missions to explore Venus. NASA, in particular, has plans for future Venus missions in 2029, 2030, and 2031, building on its previous flyby missions. ISRO's recent achievements, including the launch of the Aditya L1 spacecraft to study the Sun, underscore India's growing presence in space exploration. Aditya-L1 is the first Indian space-based observatory to study the Sun from a halo orbit around the first Sun-Earth Lagrangian point (L1), located roughly 1.5 million km from Earth. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

To Venus and beyond: ISRO's next step forward after Chandrayaan glory

Taking a step ahead in its Chandrayaan-3 mission, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Friday made efforts to establish communication with the Pragyan rover and Vikram lander to understand their wake-up condition, however, they did not receive any signal as of yet. The Indian Space Agency, however, stated that it will continue to make efforts to establish contact with them.

"Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Efforts have been made to establish communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover to ascertain their wake-up condition. As of now, no signals have been received from them. Efforts to establish contact will continue," wrote ISRO on X (formerly Twitter).

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-sun-has-risen-india-awaits-possible-re-awakening-of-chandrayaan-3-638209">Explained | Sun has risen: India awaits possible re-awakening of Chandrayaan-3</a>

<h2>Plan to wake up Vikram lander and Pragyan rover postponed</h2>

Earlier it was reported, that the plans of waking up the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover on the Moon have been postponed by the space agency. Originally, it had planned to reactivate both the spacecraft on the evening of September 22, 2023, however, because of some reasons, the ISRO later decided to postpone the attempt to September 23.

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Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 
Efforts have been made to establish communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover to ascertain their wake-up condition. 
 
As of now, no signals have been received from them. 
 
Efforts to establish contact will continue.
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1705209835783078092?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 22, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Speaking to the Indian news agency ANI, Director of Space Applications Centre Nilesh Desai said that the delay was important to ensure the spacecraft's safety. He stated that tests and simulations are still being conducted by ISRO to ensure that the reactivation procedure turns out to be successful.

"Earlier we planned to reactivate the (Pragyan) rover and (Vikram) lander on the evening of 22nd September, but due to some reasons we will now do it tomorrow on September 23," Desai stated. &nbsp;

Chandrayaan-3 mission's Vikram lander and Pragyan rover, which landed successfully on the surface of the moon on August 23, at a location which was given the name 'Shiv Shakti Point', is likely to now be reactivated on September 23.

WATCH |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3: After soft-landing on moon, ISRO to study sun from afar

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Earlier this month, the scientists placed the rover and lander in sleep mode after conducting experiments successfully on the lunar surface.&nbsp;

The Pragyan rover went into sleep mode on September 2, which was followed by the Vikram lander on September 4.

When the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover were in the operational phase, they executed numerous lunar experiments.&nbsp;

After covering a distance of over 100 meters on the lunar surface, the Pragyan rover confirmed the presence of Sulphur (S) in the lunar surface near the moon's south pole.&nbsp;

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Taking a step ahead in its Chandrayaan-3 mission, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Friday made efforts to establish communication with the Pragyan rover and Vikram lander to understand their wake-up condition, however, they did not receive any signal as of yet.

Taking a step ahead in its Chandrayaan-3 mission, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Friday made efforts to establish communication with the Pragyan rover and Vikram lander to understand their wake-up condition, however, they did not receive any signal as of yet. The Indian Space Agency, however, stated that it will continue to make efforts to establish contact with them. "Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Efforts have been made to establish communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover to ascertain their wake-up condition. As of now, no signals have been received from them. Efforts to establish contact will continue," wrote ISRO on X (formerly Twitter). ALSO READ | Explained | Sun has risen: India awaits possible re-awakening of Chandrayaan-3 Plan to wake up Vikram lander and Pragyan rover postponed Earlier it was reported, that the plans of waking up the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover on the Moon have been postponed by the space agency. Originally, it had planned to reactivate both the spacecraft on the evening of September 22, 2023, however, because of some reasons, the ISRO later decided to postpone the attempt to September 23. Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Efforts have been made to establish communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover to ascertain their wake-up condition. As of now, no signals have been received from them. Efforts to establish contact will continue. — ISRO (@isro) September 22, 2023 × Speaking to the Indian news agency ANI, Director of Space Applications Centre Nilesh Desai said that the delay was important to ensure the spacecraft's safety. He stated that tests and simulations are still being conducted by ISRO to ensure that the reactivation procedure turns out to be successful. "Earlier we planned to reactivate the (Pragyan) rover and (Vikram) lander on the evening of 22nd September, but due to some reasons we will now do it tomorrow on September 23," Desai stated. Chandrayaan-3 mission's Vikram lander and Pragyan rover, which landed successfully on the surface of the moon on August 23, at a location which was given the name 'Shiv Shakti Point', is likely to now be reactivated on September 23. WATCH | Chandrayaan-3: After soft-landing on moon, ISRO to study sun from afar Earlier this month, the scientists placed the rover and lander in sleep mode after conducting experiments successfully on the lunar surface. The Pragyan rover went into sleep mode on September 2, which was followed by the Vikram lander on September 4. When the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover were in the operational phase, they executed numerous lunar experiments. After covering a distance of over 100 meters on the lunar surface, the Pragyan rover confirmed the presence of Sulphur (S) in the lunar surface near the moon's south pole. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

ISRO makes efforts to establish communication with Vikram lander, Pragyan rover

Aditya L1, India’s maiden space-based mission to study the Sun, successfully completed its fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre in the early hours of Friday (September 15), said the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The manoeuvre was said to be a crucial step as the Indian space agency seeks&nbsp;to place the spacecraft in a halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system.

<h2>Aditya-L1 completes&nbsp;fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre</h2>

“The fourth Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#4) is performed successfully,” said ISRO, in a post on X, formerly Twitter. It added, “ISRO’s ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation, while a transportable terminal currently stationed in the Fiji islands for Aditya-L1 &nbsp;will support post-burn operations.”

After the latest manoeuvre, the new orbit attained is 256 km x 121973 km, according to the Indian space agency. “The next maneuvre Trans-Lagragean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) – a send-off from the Earth – is scheduled for September 19, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs. IST,” said ISRO.&nbsp; 
 
&nbsp;

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Aditya-L1 Mission: 
The fourth Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#4) is performed successfully. 
 
ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation, while a transportable terminal currently stationed in the Fiji islands for… <a href="https://t.co/cPfsF5GIk5">pic.twitter.com/cPfsF5GIk5</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1702426982602907974?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 14, 2023</a></blockquote>
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&nbsp;

<h2>About Aditya-L1 mission</h2>

India’s maiden sun mission was launched on September 2&nbsp;from the Second Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota. The spacecraft has undergone three Earth-bound manoeuvres, with the first, second and third taking place on September 3, 5 and 10 respectively.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indias-aditya-l1-mission-to-study-sun-completes-second-earth-bound-manoeuvre-632420">India's Aditya L1 mission to study Sun completes second Earth-bound manoeuvre</a>

The manoeuvres are being performed during the spacecraft’s 16-day journey around the Earth where the spacecraft will gain the necessary velocity for its further journey to L1. The L1 point was discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange.&nbsp;

It is considered to be the most significant of the Lagrangian points for observation of the Sun.

Aditya-L1 is equipped with seven scientific payloads developed indigenously by the ISRO and various national research laboratories, including the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), in the Indian cities of Bengaluru and Pune, respectively.

These payloads are designed to study the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun, known as the corona, using electromagnetic, particle, and magnetic field detectors.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-what-will-isro-study-in-aditya-l1-mission-as-it-aims-for-the-sun-630471">Explained | What will ISRO study in Aditya-L1 mission as it aims for the Sun</a>

Positioned at the advantageous L1 point, four of these payloads will directly observe the Sun, while the remaining three will conduct in-situ studies of particles and fields at Lagrange point L1.&nbsp;

Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 came barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar south pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp; 
 
 
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Aditya L1, India’s maiden space-based mission to study the Sun, successfully completed its fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre in the early hours of Friday (September 15), said the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Aditya L1, India’s maiden space-based mission to study the Sun, successfully completed its fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre in the early hours of Friday (September 15), said the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The manoeuvre was said to be a crucial step as the Indian space agency seeks to place the spacecraft in a halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system. Aditya-L1 completes fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre “The fourth Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#4) is performed successfully,” said ISRO, in a post on X, formerly Twitter. It added, “ISRO’s ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation, while a transportable terminal currently stationed in the Fiji islands for Aditya-L1 will support post-burn operations.” After the latest manoeuvre, the new orbit attained is 256 km x 121973 km, according to the Indian space agency. “The next maneuvre Trans-Lagragean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) – a send-off from the Earth – is scheduled for September 19, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs. IST,” said ISRO. Aditya-L1 Mission: The fourth Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#4) is performed successfully. ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation, while a transportable terminal currently stationed in the Fiji islands for… pic.twitter.com/cPfsF5GIk5 — ISRO (@isro) September 14, 2023 × About Aditya-L1 mission India’s maiden sun mission was launched on September 2 from the Second Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota. The spacecraft has undergone three Earth-bound manoeuvres, with the first, second and third taking place on September 3, 5 and 10 respectively. ALSO READ | India's Aditya L1 mission to study Sun completes second Earth-bound manoeuvre The manoeuvres are being performed during the spacecraft’s 16-day journey around the Earth where the spacecraft will gain the necessary velocity for its further journey to L1. The L1 point was discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. It is considered to be the most significant of the Lagrangian points for observation of the Sun. Aditya-L1 is equipped with seven scientific payloads developed indigenously by the ISRO and various national research laboratories, including the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), in the Indian cities of Bengaluru and Pune, respectively. These payloads are designed to study the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun, known as the corona, using electromagnetic, particle, and magnetic field detectors. ALSO READ | Explained | What will ISRO study in Aditya-L1 mission as it aims for the Sun Positioned at the advantageous L1 point, four of these payloads will directly observe the Sun, while the remaining three will conduct in-situ studies of particles and fields at Lagrange point L1. Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 came barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar south pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India’s Aditya-L1 mission successfully undergoes fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre, says ISRO

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to carry out the&nbsp;fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre in its Aditya-L1 mission. The manoeuvre will take place at 2 am IST on September 15 (2330 GMT on September 14). It is a crucial step as the Indian space agency is seeking to place the spacecraft in halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system.

The scheduled manoeuvre is part of a series of orbit-raising manoeuvres which will prepare the spacecraft for its journey further to the L1 point.

India's first space-based solar observatory was launched on September 2. Since then, three Earth-bound manoeuvres have been successfully carried out. The most recent took place on September 10. At the end of the third manoeuvre, the Aditya L1 spacecraft attained an orbit of 296 km x 71676 km, as per data released by ISRO.

The fourth manoeuvre will further raise the spacecraft's orbit.

The L1 point was discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. It is considered to be the most significant of the Lagrangian points for observation of the Sun. A spacecraft that's placed in a halo orbit around the L1 point would be in a position to observe the Sun continuously without any eclipses or occultation. This will help to observe solar activities in real-time.

Aditya-L1 is carrying seven payloads. These are designed for various layers of the Sun. Out of seven, four will directly view the Sun. The other three payloads will perform in-situ studies of particles and fields at the L1 point.

The instruments on Aditya-L1 are expected to provide important information about coronal mass ejection, coronal heating, pre-flare and flare activities among other solar phenomena of importance.

India is fresh off the success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission. With a successful landing near the Moon's south pole, India has become the first country to land a spacecraft in this region. The rover and the lander are currently in sleep mode with chances of waking up again on Sep 22.

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Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to carry out the fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre in its Aditya-L1 mission. The manoeuvre will take place at 2 am IST on September 15 (2330 GMT on September 14).

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to carry out the fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre in its Aditya-L1 mission. The manoeuvre will take place at 2 am IST on September 15 (2330 GMT on September 14). It is a crucial step as the Indian space agency is seeking to place the spacecraft in halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system. The scheduled manoeuvre is part of a series of orbit-raising manoeuvres which will prepare the spacecraft for its journey further to the L1 point. India's first space-based solar observatory was launched on September 2. Since then, three Earth-bound manoeuvres have been successfully carried out. The most recent took place on September 10. At the end of the third manoeuvre, the Aditya L1 spacecraft attained an orbit of 296 km x 71676 km, as per data released by ISRO. The fourth manoeuvre will further raise the spacecraft's orbit. The L1 point was discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. It is considered to be the most significant of the Lagrangian points for observation of the Sun. A spacecraft that's placed in a halo orbit around the L1 point would be in a position to observe the Sun continuously without any eclipses or occultation. This will help to observe solar activities in real-time. Aditya-L1 is carrying seven payloads. These are designed for various layers of the Sun. Out of seven, four will directly view the Sun. The other three payloads will perform in-situ studies of particles and fields at the L1 point. The instruments on Aditya-L1 are expected to provide important information about coronal mass ejection, coronal heating, pre-flare and flare activities among other solar phenomena of importance. India is fresh off the success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission. With a successful landing near the Moon's south pole, India has become the first country to land a spacecraft in this region. The rover and the lander are currently in sleep mode with chances of waking up again on Sep 22. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Aditya-L1 mission: ISRO gears up to carry out fourth manoeuvre on Sept 15

India is a country with 1.4 billion people, yet, the voices of a few people remain etched in people's minds for eternity. Celebrities, politicians, sports personalities and even scientists are among this list. ISRO rocket launches are iconic events that bring the entire nation together and millions tune in to their TVs or devices to watch the live stream of the mission.

With a launch mission happening almost every month in 2023, ISRO live streams are closely watched by people in India and abroad. As one watches more of these launches, the voices of the officials featuring on the broadcast and the unique voice and manner in which they make their respective announcements (technically known as call-outs) become instantly recognisable. One such voice, that of ISRO scientist Valarmathi, has faded away.

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The iconic &amp; powerful female voice behind <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> rocket launch countdowns, has faded away for eternity...Valarmathi ma'am passed away at a <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/chennai?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#chennai</a> hospital on Saturday evening, after a heart attack.. 
 
She was last heard counting down on July 14th for <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#chandrayaan3</a> LVM3 🚀 
🙏💔😞 <a href="https://t.co/nOuO3x3HJ7">pic.twitter.com/nOuO3x3HJ7</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1698351499901067454?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 3, 2023</a></blockquote>
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She was the voice behind ISRO's pre-launch countdown announcements and had last announced on July 30th, when the PSLV-C56 rocket lifted off carrying 7 Singaporean satellites, as part of a dedicated commercial mission. As part of the Range Operations Programme Office at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, she had been making the countdown announcements for all launches, over the past six years or so, it is learnt. Aged in her fifties, she passed away on Saturday evening at a private hospital in Chennai, owing to a cardiac arrest. She had been unwell for a while.&nbsp;

For journalists like this author (who have been regularly reporting the Indian space programme and related launches from the spaceport), the voice of the ISRO scientists making the pre-launch and mission progress announcements are imprinted for eternity. As journalists stand atop the ISRO media centre terrace and report the launch mission, specifically the TV journalists tend to look into the camera and report the liftoff, as the rocket lifts off far away in the background. This is a moment of anxiety, as one does not have a direct view of the vehicle lifting off.&nbsp;

Owing to the professional responsibility of having to look straight into the blackness of the video camera lens and 'speak to the audience directly', TV journalists do not have the luxury of watching the vehicle lifting off (more than five kilometres away), behind their backs. It is the voice of the announcing officials that offer all updates on the countdown, help perfectly time the Piece-to-Camera recordings and understand the launch mission progress etc. Therefore, their voices are permanently imprinted and become a part of life and work.&nbsp;

Thank you, Valarmathi ma'am, Your voice lives on for eternity, there's no countdown timer for it!&nbsp;

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India is a country with 1.4 billion people, yet, the voices of a few people remain etched in people's minds for eternity. Celebrities, politicians, sports personalities and even scientists are among this list.

India is a country with 1.4 billion people, yet, the voices of a few people remain etched in people's minds for eternity. Celebrities, politicians, sports personalities and even scientists are among this list. ISRO rocket launches are iconic events that bring the entire nation together and millions tune in to their TVs or devices to watch the live stream of the mission. With a launch mission happening almost every month in 2023, ISRO live streams are closely watched by people in India and abroad. As one watches more of these launches, the voices of the officials featuring on the broadcast and the unique voice and manner in which they make their respective announcements (technically known as call-outs) become instantly recognisable. One such voice, that of ISRO scientist Valarmathi, has faded away. The iconic & powerful female voice behind #isro rocket launch countdowns, has faded away for eternity...Valarmathi ma'am passed away at a #chennai hospital on Saturday evening, after a heart attack.. She was last heard counting down on July 14th for #chandrayaan3 LVM3 🚀 🙏💔😞 pic.twitter.com/nOuO3x3HJ7 — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) September 3, 2023 × She was the voice behind ISRO's pre-launch countdown announcements and had last announced on July 30th, when the PSLV-C56 rocket lifted off carrying 7 Singaporean satellites, as part of a dedicated commercial mission. As part of the Range Operations Programme Office at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, she had been making the countdown announcements for all launches, over the past six years or so, it is learnt. Aged in her fifties, she passed away on Saturday evening at a private hospital in Chennai, owing to a cardiac arrest. She had been unwell for a while. For journalists like this author (who have been regularly reporting the Indian space programme and related launches from the spaceport), the voice of the ISRO scientists making the pre-launch and mission progress announcements are imprinted for eternity. As journalists stand atop the ISRO media centre terrace and report the launch mission, specifically the TV journalists tend to look into the camera and report the liftoff, as the rocket lifts off far away in the background. This is a moment of anxiety, as one does not have a direct view of the vehicle lifting off. Owing to the professional responsibility of having to look straight into the blackness of the video camera lens and 'speak to the audience directly', TV journalists do not have the luxury of watching the vehicle lifting off (more than five kilometres away), behind their backs. It is the voice of the announcing officials that offer all updates on the countdown, help perfectly time the Piece-to-Camera recordings and understand the launch mission progress etc. Therefore, their voices are permanently imprinted and become a part of life and work. Thank you, Valarmathi ma'am, Your voice lives on for eternity, there's no countdown timer for it! WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Valarmathi: The voice behind ISRO rocket launch countdown, fades away

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which on Saturday (September 2) marked another milestone with the launch of its solar mission, Aditya -L1, also gave us an important update about its moon mission Chandrayaan-3 and said that the Pragyan rover has successfully traversed 100 metres on the lunar surface.&nbsp;

<h2>Chandrayaan-3 mission update</h2>

Both Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover are arguably the two most important components of the country’s lunar mission.&nbsp;In a recent update, ISRO said the latter which is crawling on its six independently movable wheels on the lunar surface has moved 100 metres away from the former.&nbsp;

The Indian Space agency after announcing the successful launch of Aditya L-1, on X (formerly known as Twitter) said, “Meanwhile, over the Moon, Pragyan Rover has traversed over 100 meters and continuing.”&nbsp;

They also posed an image of the path taken by the Pragyan rover and showed the total traverse distance as 101.4 metres.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

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Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 
 
🏏Pragyan 100* 
 
Meanwhile, over the Moon, Pragan Rover has traversed over 100 meters and continuing. <a href="https://t.co/J1jR3rP6CZ">pic.twitter.com/J1jR3rP6CZ</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1697881823391711684?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 2, 2023</a></blockquote>
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The rover, equipped with a number of scientific instruments to collect data from the lunar surface, travelled southeast after stepping out of the Vikram lander and also managed to dodge a massive lunar crater with a diameter of four metres.&nbsp; 
 
Lander and rover on 'sleep mode'

After the successful launch of India’s solar mission, ISRO chief Dr S Somnath said that as the moon mission is approaching the conclusion of its planned exploration period of one lunar day (14 Earth days) they are now going to put both Vikram lander and Pragyan rover on “sleep mode” to withstand the night on the lunar surface.&nbsp; 
 
ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/aditya-l-1-launch-indian-rocket-lifts-off-to-take-country-closer-to-sun-after-moon-landmark-631652">Aditya L-1 launch: India's solar mission lifts off, takes country closer to sun after moon landmark</a> 
 
“The good news is that the rover has moved almost 100 metres from the lander and we are going to start the process of making both of them sleep in the coming one or two days because they have to withstand the night,” said the ISRO chief.&nbsp;

This comes as temperatures during the lunar night are expected to plummet below -200 degrees Celsius, said Dr&nbsp;Somanath, on Saturday.&nbsp;

In an update later that evening, ISRO took to X and wrote, "The Rover completed its assignments".&nbsp;

It added, "It is now safely parked and set into Sleep mode. APXS (Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer) and LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope) payloads are turned off," referring to the rover's instruments for deriving the elemental composition in the vicinity of the landing site.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/as-indias-aditya-l1-heads-to-study-the-sun-moon-mission-chandrayaan-3-to-fall-asleep-631833">As India’s Aditya-L1 heads to study the Sun, Moon mission Chandrayaan-3 to fall asleep</a>

"Data from these payloads is transmitted to the Earth via the Lander," said the Indian space agency.&nbsp;Speaking about the current status of the payloads ISRO said that the battery is&nbsp;fully charged and "The solar panel is oriented to receive the light at the next sunrise expected on September 22, 2023. The receiver is kept on."&nbsp;

The Indian space agency also said that it is hoping for a "successful awakening" for further assignment or else "it will forever stay there as India's lunar ambassador."

<h2>Chandrayaan-3 mission</h2>

Chandrayaan-3 mission has made India the first nation to land a spacecraft on the unexplored South Pole of the moon and just the fourth nation to land on Earth’s lunar satellite.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/quake-on-moon-chandrayaan-3s-vikran-lander-detects-natural-seismic-movement-631073">Quake on Moon? Chandrayaan-3's Vikram Lander detects 'natural' seismic movement</a>

The rover and Vikram, the lander that transported Pragyan to the Moon, are rushing to complete their experiments before the upcoming lunar night.&nbsp;

Over the period of its two-week lifespan, rover Pragyan will amble around the relatively unmapped South Pole and transmit images and scientific data to Earth.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp; 
 
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The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which on Saturday (September 2) marked another milestone with the launch of its solar mission, Aditya -L1, also gave us an important update about its moon mission Chandrayaan-3 and said that the Pragyan rover has successfully traversed 100 metres on the lunar surface.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which on Saturday (September 2) marked another milestone with the launch of its solar mission, Aditya -L1, also gave us an important update about its moon mission Chandrayaan-3 and said that the Pragyan rover has successfully traversed 100 metres on the lunar surface. Chandrayaan-3 mission update Both Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover are arguably the two most important components of the country’s lunar mission. In a recent update, ISRO said the latter which is crawling on its six independently movable wheels on the lunar surface has moved 100 metres away from the former. The Indian Space agency after announcing the successful launch of Aditya L-1, on X (formerly known as Twitter) said, “Meanwhile, over the Moon, Pragyan Rover has traversed over 100 meters and continuing.” They also posed an image of the path taken by the Pragyan rover and showed the total traverse distance as 101.4 metres. Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 🏏Pragyan 100* Meanwhile, over the Moon, Pragan Rover has traversed over 100 meters and continuing. pic.twitter.com/J1jR3rP6CZ — ISRO (@isro) September 2, 2023 × The rover, equipped with a number of scientific instruments to collect data from the lunar surface, travelled southeast after stepping out of the Vikram lander and also managed to dodge a massive lunar crater with a diameter of four metres. Lander and rover on 'sleep mode' After the successful launch of India’s solar mission, ISRO chief Dr S Somnath said that as the moon mission is approaching the conclusion of its planned exploration period of one lunar day (14 Earth days) they are now going to put both Vikram lander and Pragyan rover on “sleep mode” to withstand the night on the lunar surface. ALSO READ | Aditya L-1 launch: India's solar mission lifts off, takes country closer to sun after moon landmark “The good news is that the rover has moved almost 100 metres from the lander and we are going to start the process of making both of them sleep in the coming one or two days because they have to withstand the night,” said the ISRO chief. This comes as temperatures during the lunar night are expected to plummet below -200 degrees Celsius, said Dr Somanath, on Saturday. In an update later that evening, ISRO took to X and wrote, "The Rover completed its assignments". It added, "It is now safely parked and set into Sleep mode. APXS (Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer) and LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope) payloads are turned off," referring to the rover's instruments for deriving the elemental composition in the vicinity of the landing site. ALSO READ | As India’s Aditya-L1 heads to study the Sun, Moon mission Chandrayaan-3 to fall asleep "Data from these payloads is transmitted to the Earth via the Lander," said the Indian space agency. Speaking about the current status of the payloads ISRO said that the battery is fully charged and "The solar panel is oriented to receive the light at the next sunrise expected on September 22, 2023. The receiver is kept on." The Indian space agency also said that it is hoping for a "successful awakening" for further assignment or else "it will forever stay there as India's lunar ambassador." Chandrayaan-3 mission Chandrayaan-3 mission has made India the first nation to land a spacecraft on the unexplored South Pole of the moon and just the fourth nation to land on Earth’s lunar satellite. ALSO READ | Quake on Moon? Chandrayaan-3's Vikram Lander detects 'natural' seismic movement The rover and Vikram, the lander that transported Pragyan to the Moon, are rushing to complete their experiments before the upcoming lunar night. Over the period of its two-week lifespan, rover Pragyan will amble around the relatively unmapped South Pole and transmit images and scientific data to Earth. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3: Pragyan rover moves 100 m away from lander, both put to ‘sleep’ as lunar night nears

Within 10 days of having successfully soft-landed Chandrayaan-3 near the Lunar South Pole (and making India the first nation to do so), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched a craft to study the Sun from afar. As Chandrayaan-3 nears the end of its planned operational life (14 earth days or one Lunar day) and goes to sleep soon, it is now for Aditya-L1 to stay awake and continue on its 125-day journey to the Lagrange Point 1 position, from where it will observe the sun.&nbsp;

Chandrayaan-3 soft-landed on August 23 and the Aditya-L1 mission was placed in its designated elliptical (egg-shaped) orbit around 1:00 pm (local time) on Saturday, August 2. Over the last 10 days, the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover have been performing in-situ experiments with their respective payloads and sharing the data. However, the end of the Lunar day time is closing in fast on the Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover. As the duo are solar-powered, they would not be able to function during the fortnight-long Lunar night.&nbsp;

“The Chandrayaan-3 Lander and Rover are functional and our payload teams are doing all th work...The Rover has traversed a distance of 100meters from the lander... In a day or two, we will start the process of putting the lander and rover to sleep, in order to withstand the lunar night (that lay ahead)” Dr S Somanath, Chairman of ISRO, said following the successful launch of the Aditya-L1 solar observatory satellite.&nbsp;

On average, the temperature during the Lunar day could be around 120 degrees Centigrade (For earthlings - that’s much more than the boiling point of water or more than twice the hottest recorded temperatures on Earth). Whereas the Lunar nights could get as cold as -130 degrees Centigrade (that’s almost twice the coldest temperature recorded on the Earth). At the Lunar poles, these temperatures could be even more extreme and hostile.&nbsp;

ISRO hinting that the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover are to be put to sleep, shows that the Indian space agency has the possible technological means and hope to make Vikram and Pragyan survive the Lunar night. Else, if the mission were to come to an end after the Lunar day, ISRO could have mentioned bidding permanent goodbye to the lander and rover.&nbsp;

By switching off all the on-board equipment and going into hibernation mode and protecting itself from the cold (comparable to covering oneself using a blanket), ISRO could possibly ensure that Chandrayaan-3 survives the Lunar night.

When the Lunar dawn breaks next (around the third week of September), if and when the lander and rover survive, they could again harness the power of the Sun and charge their batteries and continue to carry out their operations. Though a possibility, this could prove a serious bonus to ISRO’s exploratory activities near the Lunar South Pole region, which India temporarily has for itself to explore. However, both the lander and rover have to survive the night for the duo to function normally.&nbsp;

This is because the Lander craft is the primary and direct communication link with the Earth. If the lander cannot communicate directly, it could also use the services of the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter to relay its communications to Earth and receive new commands. However, the 26-kg rover is entirely dependent on the lander to receive commands and carry out communications, and data transfer.&nbsp;

“We are hoping that after the Lunar night it will come back, but it is not assured. This is because, all systems will go to minus 150degrees Centigrade temperature, which is far beyond the survival limit of may materials used on the lander craft. By design it is meant to live for 14days, but if we are lucky, we may get longer,” M. Sankaran, Director of ISRO’s UR Rao Satellite Centre had told WION. 
 
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Within 10 days of having successfully soft-landed Chandrayaan-3 near the Lunar South Pole (and making India the first nation to do so), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched a craft to study the Sun from afar.

Within 10 days of having successfully soft-landed Chandrayaan-3 near the Lunar South Pole (and making India the first nation to do so), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched a craft to study the Sun from afar. As Chandrayaan-3 nears the end of its planned operational life (14 earth days or one Lunar day) and goes to sleep soon, it is now for Aditya-L1 to stay awake and continue on its 125-day journey to the Lagrange Point 1 position, from where it will observe the sun. Chandrayaan-3 soft-landed on August 23 and the Aditya-L1 mission was placed in its designated elliptical (egg-shaped) orbit around 1:00 pm (local time) on Saturday, August 2. Over the last 10 days, the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover have been performing in-situ experiments with their respective payloads and sharing the data. However, the end of the Lunar day time is closing in fast on the Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover. As the duo are solar-powered, they would not be able to function during the fortnight-long Lunar night. “The Chandrayaan-3 Lander and Rover are functional and our payload teams are doing all th work...The Rover has traversed a distance of 100meters from the lander... In a day or two, we will start the process of putting the lander and rover to sleep, in order to withstand the lunar night (that lay ahead)” Dr S Somanath, Chairman of ISRO, said following the successful launch of the Aditya-L1 solar observatory satellite. On average, the temperature during the Lunar day could be around 120 degrees Centigrade (For earthlings - that’s much more than the boiling point of water or more than twice the hottest recorded temperatures on Earth). Whereas the Lunar nights could get as cold as -130 degrees Centigrade (that’s almost twice the coldest temperature recorded on the Earth). At the Lunar poles, these temperatures could be even more extreme and hostile. ISRO hinting that the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover are to be put to sleep, shows that the Indian space agency has the possible technological means and hope to make Vikram and Pragyan survive the Lunar night. Else, if the mission were to come to an end after the Lunar day, ISRO could have mentioned bidding permanent goodbye to the lander and rover. By switching off all the on-board equipment and going into hibernation mode and protecting itself from the cold (comparable to covering oneself using a blanket), ISRO could possibly ensure that Chandrayaan-3 survives the Lunar night. When the Lunar dawn breaks next (around the third week of September), if and when the lander and rover survive, they could again harness the power of the Sun and charge their batteries and continue to carry out their operations. Though a possibility, this could prove a serious bonus to ISRO’s exploratory activities near the Lunar South Pole region, which India temporarily has for itself to explore. However, both the lander and rover have to survive the night for the duo to function normally. This is because the Lander craft is the primary and direct communication link with the Earth. If the lander cannot communicate directly, it could also use the services of the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter to relay its communications to Earth and receive new commands. However, the 26-kg rover is entirely dependent on the lander to receive commands and carry out communications, and data transfer. “We are hoping that after the Lunar night it will come back, but it is not assured. This is because, all systems will go to minus 150degrees Centigrade temperature, which is far beyond the survival limit of may materials used on the lander craft. By design it is meant to live for 14days, but if we are lucky, we may get longer,” M. Sankaran, Director of ISRO’s UR Rao Satellite Centre had told WION. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

As India’s Aditya-L1 heads to study the Sun, Moon mission Chandrayaan-3 to fall asleep

After the successful launch of India's first solar mission, Aditya L1, Nigar Shaji, the director of the project, on Saturday (September 2), said that it was more like a dream come true.

"It feels like a dream coming true. I am extremely happy that Aditya L-1 has been injected successfully (into the designated orbit) by the PSLV. Aditya L-1 has successfully embarked on its 125-day journey," news agency ANI quoted Shaji as saying.

"As and when the Aditya L-1 fulfils all its mission objectives, it will be an asset for the country as well as the global scientific community. I want to thank the entire (ISRO) team for their support and guidance in making this mission possible," the project director of the Aditya L1 mission added.

The Indian Space Research Organisation, after the successful launch of Aditya L1 from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, released a statement saying that the payload covering the spacecraft was separated as it left Earth's atmosphere.

"The third stage of the separation of PSLV carrying the Aditya-L1 orbiter has been completed," as per ISRO.

"The launch of Aditya-L1 by PSLV-C57 is accomplished successfully," it added.

The agency said that the vehicle was successful in placing the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. It further added that the country's first solar observatory has begun its journey to its destination, the L1 point which lies between the Earth and the Sun.

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/explained-the-why-what-when-where-and-how-of-indias-aditya-l1-sun-mission-631556">Explained | The Why, What, When, Where and How of India's Aditya-L1 Sun mission</a>

"The vehicle has placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. India’s first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point," ISRO posted on X.

Meanwhile, ISRO chairperson S Somanath said, "The Aditya L1 spacecraft has been injected in an elliptical orbit...which is intended very precisely by the PSLV. I want to congratulate the PSLV for such a different mission approach today to put Aditya L1 in the right orbit."

<h2>PM Modi, ministers congratulate ISRO</h2>

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) by sharing a post on X.

"After the success of Chandrayaan-3, India continues its space journey. Congratulations to our scientists and engineers at ISRO for the successful launch of India’s first Solar Mission, Aditya -L1," he wrote.

Modi added that India's tireless scientific efforts will continue to develop a better understanding of the Universe for the welfare of entire humanity.

India's Science Minister Dr Jitendra Singh, who was present at Sriharikota to witness the momentous occasion said the launch of Aditya L-1 was a "sunshine moment" for the country.

President Droupadi Murmu, meanwhile, said the launch "will help us better understand space and celestial phenomena."

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

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After the successful launch of India's first solar mission, Aditya L1, Nigar Shaji, the director of the project, on Saturday (September 2), said that it was more like a dream come true.

After the successful launch of India's first solar mission, Aditya L1, Nigar Shaji, the director of the project, on Saturday (September 2), said that it was more like a dream come true. "It feels like a dream coming true. I am extremely happy that Aditya L-1 has been injected successfully (into the designated orbit) by the PSLV. Aditya L-1 has successfully embarked on its 125-day journey," news agency ANI quoted Shaji as saying. "As and when the Aditya L-1 fulfils all its mission objectives, it will be an asset for the country as well as the global scientific community. I want to thank the entire (ISRO) team for their support and guidance in making this mission possible," the project director of the Aditya L1 mission added. The Indian Space Research Organisation, after the successful launch of Aditya L1 from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, released a statement saying that the payload covering the spacecraft was separated as it left Earth's atmosphere. "The third stage of the separation of PSLV carrying the Aditya-L1 orbiter has been completed," as per ISRO. "The launch of Aditya-L1 by PSLV-C57 is accomplished successfully," it added. The agency said that the vehicle was successful in placing the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. It further added that the country's first solar observatory has begun its journey to its destination, the L1 point which lies between the Earth and the Sun. Also read: Explained | The Why, What, When, Where and How of India's Aditya-L1 Sun mission "The vehicle has placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. India’s first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point," ISRO posted on X. Meanwhile, ISRO chairperson S Somanath said, "The Aditya L1 spacecraft has been injected in an elliptical orbit...which is intended very precisely by the PSLV. I want to congratulate the PSLV for such a different mission approach today to put Aditya L1 in the right orbit." PM Modi, ministers congratulate ISRO Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) by sharing a post on X. "After the success of Chandrayaan-3, India continues its space journey. Congratulations to our scientists and engineers at ISRO for the successful launch of India’s first Solar Mission, Aditya -L1," he wrote. Modi added that India's tireless scientific efforts will continue to develop a better understanding of the Universe for the welfare of entire humanity. India's Science Minister Dr Jitendra Singh, who was present at Sriharikota to witness the momentous occasion said the launch of Aditya L-1 was a "sunshine moment" for the country. President Droupadi Murmu, meanwhile, said the launch "will help us better understand space and celestial phenomena." (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Project director of Aditya-L1 calls successful launch of India's maiden solar mission 'a dream come true'

It is the rocket that marked India's foray into the elite league of space-faring nations and continues to make the country's flag fly high as a commercial launch service provider. India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) now heads into its 30th year of service. First launched in September 1993, the PSLV vehicle gradually went on to earn the title of India's workhorse rocket.&nbsp;

In its stellar operational life thus far, this four-staged rocket has made history for India by successfully launching India's maiden Moon Orbiter Chandrayaan-1, its maiden Mars Mission Mangalyaan and now is all set to launch India's maiden mission to study the Sun - Aditya-L1. It is very rare that a rocket serves for 30 years and undertakes three first-of-its-kind missions.

Given the rate at which re-usable rocket technology, clean-burning fuels, low-cost launch options and modern manufacturing processes are evolving, it is indeed a marvel that PSLV holds on amid the global competition. ISRO Chief Dr S Somnath also mentioned the impending retirement of PSLV after 30 more launches.

He reasoned that the manufacturing process was old, the rocket was based on 1980s technology with further cost reduction not possible and the vehicle used toxic and carcinogenic fuels.

For ISRO, PSLV is as robust as a rocket gets. In its 58 launches to date, the rocket has delivered successful outcomes in 55. That's a whopping 95 per cent success rate and is rivalled by very few rockets in the world. India's own LVM3 rocket, the biggest and most powerful to be built by ISRO has so far delivered successes in all seven of its missions and enjoys a 100 per cent success rate. However, in terms of number of missions undertaken and the versatile roles it has played, the PSLV stands taller than its muscular cousin, the LVM3.&nbsp;

While PSLV has remained the mainstay of ISRO for lofting commercial satellites, the LVM3 rocket also joined the commercial club from October 2022 onwards and lofted 36 internet-beaming satellites of the UK-based OneWeb. Over the years, the PSLV rocket has launched well over 350 satellites for Indian and foreign customers, while the LVM3 has launched 72 customer satellites, all belonging to OneWeb.

In 2017, India created a world record using its PSLV rocket by placing 104 satellites in orbit, the highest-ever to be launched in a single mission. This record remained unbeaten until 2021, when the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which is exponentially more powerful and capable than the humble PSLV managed to loft 143 satellites into orbit, in a single go.&nbsp;

At the heart of the PSLV or its core stage is the Vikas engine, an Indo-French engine powered by Earth-storable liquid fuels. This engine is a crucial part of Indian spacefaring rockets and is a living and long-lasting testimony of the India-France space cooperation. The Vikas engine finds place in the GSLV rocket and the LVM3 rocket and is also the most powerful yet, Earth-storable liquid fuelled engine of ISRO.&nbsp;

Also watch |&nbsp;After moon, India aims for the sun

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<h2>Aditya L-1 mission</h2>

At 12:10 pm Indian Standard Time (IST) on Friday (September 1), the countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday (September 2) at 11:50 am, India's PSLV rocket XL (largest configuration) will lift off from the second launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun.

Titled Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space, in a span of approximately 120 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 or L1, a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun.&nbsp;

While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only one per cent of the Earth-Sun distance, unlike the Solar Parker Probe from NASA that flew a few million miles in the vicinity of the Sun. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/explained-the-why-what-when-where-and-how-of-indias-aditya-l1-sun-mission-631556">Also read | Explained: The Why, What, When, Where and How of India's Aditya-L1 Sun mission</a>

According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real-time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors.

Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.

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It is the rocket that marked India's foray into the elite league of space-faring nations and continues to make the country's flag fly high as a commercial launch service provider.

It is the rocket that marked India's foray into the elite league of space-faring nations and continues to make the country's flag fly high as a commercial launch service provider. India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) now heads into its 30th year of service. First launched in September 1993, the PSLV vehicle gradually went on to earn the title of India's workhorse rocket. In its stellar operational life thus far, this four-staged rocket has made history for India by successfully launching India's maiden Moon Orbiter Chandrayaan-1, its maiden Mars Mission Mangalyaan and now is all set to launch India's maiden mission to study the Sun - Aditya-L1. It is very rare that a rocket serves for 30 years and undertakes three first-of-its-kind missions. Given the rate at which re-usable rocket technology, clean-burning fuels, low-cost launch options and modern manufacturing processes are evolving, it is indeed a marvel that PSLV holds on amid the global competition. ISRO Chief Dr S Somnath also mentioned the impending retirement of PSLV after 30 more launches. He reasoned that the manufacturing process was old, the rocket was based on 1980s technology with further cost reduction not possible and the vehicle used toxic and carcinogenic fuels. For ISRO, PSLV is as robust as a rocket gets. In its 58 launches to date, the rocket has delivered successful outcomes in 55. That's a whopping 95 per cent success rate and is rivalled by very few rockets in the world. India's own LVM3 rocket, the biggest and most powerful to be built by ISRO has so far delivered successes in all seven of its missions and enjoys a 100 per cent success rate. However, in terms of number of missions undertaken and the versatile roles it has played, the PSLV stands taller than its muscular cousin, the LVM3. While PSLV has remained the mainstay of ISRO for lofting commercial satellites, the LVM3 rocket also joined the commercial club from October 2022 onwards and lofted 36 internet-beaming satellites of the UK-based OneWeb. Over the years, the PSLV rocket has launched well over 350 satellites for Indian and foreign customers, while the LVM3 has launched 72 customer satellites, all belonging to OneWeb. In 2017, India created a world record using its PSLV rocket by placing 104 satellites in orbit, the highest-ever to be launched in a single mission. This record remained unbeaten until 2021, when the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which is exponentially more powerful and capable than the humble PSLV managed to loft 143 satellites into orbit, in a single go. At the heart of the PSLV or its core stage is the Vikas engine, an Indo-French engine powered by Earth-storable liquid fuels. This engine is a crucial part of Indian spacefaring rockets and is a living and long-lasting testimony of the India-France space cooperation. The Vikas engine finds place in the GSLV rocket and the LVM3 rocket and is also the most powerful yet, Earth-storable liquid fuelled engine of ISRO. Also watch | After moon, India aims for the sun × Aditya L-1 mission At 12:10 pm Indian Standard Time (IST) on Friday (September 1), the countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday (September 2) at 11:50 am, India's PSLV rocket XL (largest configuration) will lift off from the second launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun. Titled Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space, in a span of approximately 120 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 or L1, a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun. While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only one per cent of the Earth-Sun distance, unlike the Solar Parker Probe from NASA that flew a few million miles in the vicinity of the Sun. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon. Also read | Explained: The Why, What, When, Where and How of India's Aditya-L1 Sun mission According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real-time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Moon, Mars and now Sun - PSLV, India's versatile workhorse rocket turns 30

At 12:10 pm on September 1, the 24-hour countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota.&nbsp;

At the end of this countdown, Saturday at 11:50am, India's PSLV rocket in its XL configuration lifted-off carrying the world's most populous nation's maiden mission to study the sun.&nbsp;

Named Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space, during a span of approximately 120 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 or L1, a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun.&nbsp;

To understand the science and applications of Aditya-L1, WION spoke to Prof Ramesh from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA).&nbsp;

Notably, the IIA has contributed the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph payload for this mission and Prof Ramesh is the Principal Investigator of the same. 
&nbsp; 
While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only 1 per cent if the Earth-Sun distance, unlike NASA's Parker Solar Probe that has flown a few million miles in the vicinity of the Sun. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres.&nbsp;

The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon.&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
"Studies related to the Sun can be carried out from ground-based observatories, but they are limited by the day-night cycle. So, an agency would require multiple stations across the earth to study the sun continuously, but each of these observatories would offer their own data (based on the unique characteristics of the equipment). Also, the earth's atmosphere and dust particles scatter the radiation coming in from the sun and affect the quality of the data" Prof Ramesh from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics told WION.&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
Explaining the exterior layers of the sun, he said that the sun's Photosphere emitted the strongest light, the photosphere is then covered by the Chromosphere (which extends 1000s of kms) and finally there is the Corona (Sun's outermost layer).&nbsp;

"The Corona emits light, but it is million times less intense than that of the Photosphere. Therefore, it is only during a solar eclipse(when moon covers the sun's Photosphere by coming in the path between earth and Sun) that we are able to study the faint light from the Corona" he added.&nbsp;

However, eclipses happen only one or twice a year and the data from eclipses which last a few minutes would be insufficient to study transient changes. 
&nbsp; 
On the Aditya-L1 craft, we have a device known as Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), which is capable of artificially blocking the light of the Photosphere and studying the light from the Corona.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;&nbsp; 
"We are interested in studying the Corona owing to its dynamic nature and regular eruptions from the Corona(Coronal Mass Ejections), where charged particles from the sun travel at 3000km/sec speeds. At this speed, it can reach the earth in around 15hours, he explained.

Such phenomena can affect the electronics and solar panels of satellites orbiting the earth, it can also cause geomagnetic storms that can temporarily swell up earth's atmosphere and drag satellites that are flying as low as 200km&nbsp;orbit.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/isro-commences-countdown-for-maiden-sun-mission-aditya-l1-launch-631132">ISRO commences countdown for launch of maiden sun mission Aditya-L1</a>

Such incidents can even known out high-tension power lines (as it happened in Quebec City Canada and In Zurich Airport).&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
From the L1 vantage point, around which the spacecraft will be circling, the VELC payload will be able to image the sun's corona every single minute and help researchers understand the fast changes in Solar atmosphere.&nbsp;

Also watch |&nbsp;After moon, India aims for the sun

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Using a Polarimeter, we can also measure and predict which sun spots(dark regions with strong magnetic fields, where even light cannot enter) can erupt and lead to Coronal Mass ejections. in future, this could help us predict any danger to satellites around earth, assess which CMEs will reach earth and which won't.&nbsp;

Notably, when such high-speed particles from the Sun reach the earth's atmosphere, the upper layers of the atmosphere act as a barrier and divert the charged particles to earth's poles, thereby causing the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) and Southern Lights (Aurora Australis), a dazzling display of light blue-green-yellow-red lights in the winter night skies near the earths north polar and south polar regions.

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At 12:10 pm on September 1, the 24-hour countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, Saturday at 11:50am, India's PSLV rocket in its XL configuration lifted-off carrying the world's most populous nation's maiden mission to study the sun.

At 12:10 pm on September 1, the 24-hour countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, Saturday at 11:50am, India's PSLV rocket in its XL configuration lifted-off carrying the world's most populous nation's maiden mission to study the sun. Named Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space, during a span of approximately 120 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 or L1, a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun. To understand the science and applications of Aditya-L1, WION spoke to Prof Ramesh from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA). Notably, the IIA has contributed the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph payload for this mission and Prof Ramesh is the Principal Investigator of the same. While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only 1 per cent if the Earth-Sun distance, unlike NASA's Parker Solar Probe that has flown a few million miles in the vicinity of the Sun. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon. "Studies related to the Sun can be carried out from ground-based observatories, but they are limited by the day-night cycle. So, an agency would require multiple stations across the earth to study the sun continuously, but each of these observatories would offer their own data (based on the unique characteristics of the equipment). Also, the earth's atmosphere and dust particles scatter the radiation coming in from the sun and affect the quality of the data" Prof Ramesh from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics told WION. Explaining the exterior layers of the sun, he said that the sun's Photosphere emitted the strongest light, the photosphere is then covered by the Chromosphere (which extends 1000s of kms) and finally there is the Corona (Sun's outermost layer). "The Corona emits light, but it is million times less intense than that of the Photosphere. Therefore, it is only during a solar eclipse(when moon covers the sun's Photosphere by coming in the path between earth and Sun) that we are able to study the faint light from the Corona" he added. However, eclipses happen only one or twice a year and the data from eclipses which last a few minutes would be insufficient to study transient changes. On the Aditya-L1 craft, we have a device known as Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), which is capable of artificially blocking the light of the Photosphere and studying the light from the Corona. "We are interested in studying the Corona owing to its dynamic nature and regular eruptions from the Corona(Coronal Mass Ejections), where charged particles from the sun travel at 3000km/sec speeds. At this speed, it can reach the earth in around 15hours, he explained. Such phenomena can affect the electronics and solar panels of satellites orbiting the earth, it can also cause geomagnetic storms that can temporarily swell up earth's atmosphere and drag satellites that are flying as low as 200km orbit. Also read | ISRO commences countdown for launch of maiden sun mission Aditya-L1 Such incidents can even known out high-tension power lines (as it happened in Quebec City Canada and In Zurich Airport). From the L1 vantage point, around which the spacecraft will be circling, the VELC payload will be able to image the sun's corona every single minute and help researchers understand the fast changes in Solar atmosphere. Also watch | After moon, India aims for the sun × Using a Polarimeter, we can also measure and predict which sun spots(dark regions with strong magnetic fields, where even light cannot enter) can erupt and lead to Coronal Mass ejections. in future, this could help us predict any danger to satellites around earth, assess which CMEs will reach earth and which won't. Notably, when such high-speed particles from the Sun reach the earth's atmosphere, the upper layers of the atmosphere act as a barrier and divert the charged particles to earth's poles, thereby causing the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) and Southern Lights (Aurora Australis), a dazzling display of light blue-green-yellow-red lights in the winter night skies near the earths north polar and south polar regions. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained | The Why, What, When, Where and How of India's Aditya-L1 Sun mission

Just days after India achieved the first lunar landing near the unexplored south pole of Moon, the Indian Space Research Organisation launched its Aditya-L1 mission successfully to study the Sun at 11:50 am on Saturday from the launchpad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.&nbsp;

An hour after the launch, the vehicle placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. "India’s first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point," ISRO announced.

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/WATCH?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#WATCH</a> | Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launches India's first solar mission, <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AdityaL1?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AdityaL1</a> from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AdityaL1Launch?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AdityaL1Launch</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AdityaL1Mission?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AdityaL1Mission</a> <a href="https://t.co/Fu2TKPiIFo">pic.twitter.com/Fu2TKPiIFo</a>
— WION (@WIONews) <a href="https://twitter.com/WIONews/status/1697859129120104617?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 2, 2023</a></blockquote>
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The 1,480 kg spacecraft has been carried by India’s workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and took a trajectory for its placement in a highly elliptical orbit of 235 km x 19,500 km around the Earth. The configuration of PSLV has six solid fuel-based boosters.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/moon-mars-and-now-sun-pslv-indias-versatile-workhorse-rocket-turns-30-631572">Moon, Mars and now Sun - PSLV, India's versatile workhorse rocket turns 30</a>

The orbit as well as the velocity of the spacecraft will be increased till it gets closer to the Sun in&nbsp;the designated orbit.&nbsp;

The distance of 1.5 million km to the Lagrange Point, named L1,&nbsp;will be covered in nearly four months (125 days).&nbsp;

The spacecraft will then be inserted in a halo orbit around the L1 point where it will stay put because of balancing gravitational forces, thereby reducing fuel consumption for the spacecraft.&nbsp; 
 
Lagrange Points&nbsp;are named after Italian-French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange.

Aditya-L1 mission will carry out seven science experiments, and will collect data for the next five years.

The mission has been designed to provide remote observations of the solar corona and record solar winds. The Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), the primary payload of Aditya L1 will send 1,440 images every day to the ground station for analysis after reaching the intended orbit.

The satellite and its payloads will revolve around the Sun will observe the Sun continuously without any eclipses. This will help observe solar activities and their effect on space weather in real-time. 
 
India has privatised space launches and is looking to open the sector to foreign investment as it targets a five-fold increase in its share of the global launch market within the next decade.

Indian scientists have so far observed the Sun through telescopes on the ground, while relying on the data from solar missions launched by the United States, Europe, the United Kingdom, and Japan.

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Just days after India achieved the first lunar landing near the unexplored south pole of Moon, the Indian Space Research Organisation launched its Aditya-L1 mission successfully to study the Sun at 11:50 am on Saturday from the launchpad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

Just days after India achieved the first lunar landing near the unexplored south pole of Moon, the Indian Space Research Organisation launched its Aditya-L1 mission successfully to study the Sun at 11:50 am on Saturday from the launchpad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. An hour after the launch, the vehicle placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. "India’s first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point," ISRO announced. #WATCH | Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launches India's first solar mission, #AdityaL1 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota#AdityaL1Launch #AdityaL1Mission pic.twitter.com/Fu2TKPiIFo — WION (@WIONews) September 2, 2023 × The 1,480 kg spacecraft has been carried by India’s workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and took a trajectory for its placement in a highly elliptical orbit of 235 km x 19,500 km around the Earth. The configuration of PSLV has six solid fuel-based boosters. Also read | Moon, Mars and now Sun - PSLV, India's versatile workhorse rocket turns 30 The orbit as well as the velocity of the spacecraft will be increased till it gets closer to the Sun in the designated orbit. The distance of 1.5 million km to the Lagrange Point, named L1, will be covered in nearly four months (125 days). The spacecraft will then be inserted in a halo orbit around the L1 point where it will stay put because of balancing gravitational forces, thereby reducing fuel consumption for the spacecraft. Lagrange Points are named after Italian-French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange. Aditya-L1 mission will carry out seven science experiments, and will collect data for the next five years. The mission has been designed to provide remote observations of the solar corona and record solar winds. The Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), the primary payload of Aditya L1 will send 1,440 images every day to the ground station for analysis after reaching the intended orbit. The satellite and its payloads will revolve around the Sun will observe the Sun continuously without any eclipses. This will help observe solar activities and their effect on space weather in real-time. India has privatised space launches and is looking to open the sector to foreign investment as it targets a five-fold increase in its share of the global launch market within the next decade. Indian scientists have so far observed the Sun through telescopes on the ground, while relying on the data from solar missions launched by the United States, Europe, the United Kingdom, and Japan. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Aditya L-1 launch: India's solar mission lifts off, takes country closer to sun after moon landmark

At 12.10 pm on Friday (Sept 1), the 23 hours 40 minutes countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday noon, India's PSLV rocket in its XL variant will lift off from the first launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun.

Titled Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space&nbsp;in a span of approximately 125 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 (L1), a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun.&nbsp;

While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only 1 per cent of the Earth-Sun distance, unlike crafts from NASA that have flown a few million miles in the vicinity of the giant star. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. <o:p></o:p>

The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon.&nbsp;

On Wednesday, the Indian space agency announced the completion of the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden sun-observing mission.

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PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: 
The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs. 
 
The launch can be watched LIVE 
on ISRO Website <a href="https://t.co/osrHMk7MZL">https://t.co/osrHMk7MZL</a> 
Facebook <a href="https://t.co/zugXQAYy1y">https://t.co/zugXQAYy1y</a> 
YouTube…
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During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are carried out in a simulated fashion.

The purpose of the&nbsp;countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated time period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process.

According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point&nbsp;provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-spots-likely-crash-site-of-russias-luna-25-failed-lunar-probe-631076">Final resting place of Russia's Luna-25 lunar probe likely spotted. See photos</a>

Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads will directly view the sun and the remaining three payloads will carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/heres-the-list-of-isros-upcoming-missions-for-2023-24-631118">Here's the list of ISRO's upcoming missions for 2023-24</a>

The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc., ISRO said.

Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar south pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so.

With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the other countries.

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At 12.10 pm on Friday (Sept 1), the 23 hours 40 minutes countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday noon, India's PSLV rocket in its XL variant will lift off from the first launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun.

At 12.10 pm on Friday (Sept 1), the 23 hours 40 minutes countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday noon, India's PSLV rocket in its XL variant will lift off from the first launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun. Titled Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space in a span of approximately 125 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 (L1), a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun. While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only 1 per cent of the Earth-Sun distance, unlike crafts from NASA that have flown a few million miles in the vicinity of the giant star. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon. On Wednesday, the Indian space agency announced the completion of the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden sun-observing mission. PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs. The launch can be watched LIVE on ISRO Website https://t.co/osrHMk7MZL Facebook https://t.co/zugXQAYy1y YouTube… — ISRO (@isro) September 1, 2023 × During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are carried out in a simulated fashion. The purpose of the countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated time period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process. According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors. Also read | Final resting place of Russia's Luna-25 lunar probe likely spotted. See photos Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads will directly view the sun and the remaining three payloads will carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. Also read | Here's the list of ISRO's upcoming missions for 2023-24 The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc., ISRO said. Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar south pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the other countries. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

ISRO commences countdown for launch of maiden sun mission Aditya-L1

As ISRO gears up for the launch of India's maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, the space agency Chairman Dr S Somanath has revealed the packed schedule that lies ahead.

As ISRO gears up for the launch of India's maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, the space agency Chairman Dr S Somanath has revealed the packed schedule that lies ahead. Dr Somanath offered prayers at the Changalamman Devi temple near the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport, ahead of the 24-hour countdown that commences for the Aditya-L1/PSLV-C57 mission. "Today the countdown for PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 is starting, (Saturday) tomorrow noon we will have the launch at 11:50. It'll take almost an hour for the satellite to reach the required location (orbit) and inject. It'll take another 125 days to travel from Earth to its destination L1 point or Lagrange Point," Dr Somanath said. The L1 point is 1.5 million kilometres away from Earth and is barely one per cent of the 150 million km Earth-Sun distance. Queried on the risk of high temperature at the L1 point, he said that it would be similar to that of the Earth. As the countdown for India's maiden solar observatory mission #AdityaL1 is to begin at 11:50noon today, #isro chairman Dr. S. Somanath & SDSC leadership offer prayers at Chengalamman temple near the spaceport #AndhraPradesh #AdityaL1Mission #india #space #sun 🚀tomo 11:50noon pic.twitter.com/mSEnqTNs6w — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) September 1, 2023 × "After Aditya-L1, we have Gaganyaan test vehicle launch (for validating in-flight crew escape system) by October first or second week, then we have GSLV launch of INSAT-3DS satellite for India, then SSLV-D3 (third flight of India's newest and smaller rocket), then PSLV, then LVM3 and like that we continue," he said, regarding ISRO's upcoming missions. ISRO follows a financial year and therefore all aforesaid missions and more are likely to be executed only by March 2024. "Next launch is #AdityaL1, then by Oct-mid Gaganyaan in-flight crew escape system demo TV-D1, then GSLV INSAT 3DS, then SSLV-D3, then PSLV, then LVM3 and so on..." #isro chief Dr. S. Somanath elaborates on 2023-24 launch calendar.. #space #Science #tech #india #ISROMissions pic.twitter.com/xuX418KkGg — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) September 1, 2023 × On Wednesday (August 30), the Indian Space Agency completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden sun-observing mission. During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are simulated and run through. The purpose of a countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process. Also read | Aditya L1 launch live streaming: Here's how to watch ISRO's first solar mission launch on TV & online The Aditya-L1 mission is slated for lift-off on Saturday noon, September 2 at 11:50 am Indian Standard Time (IST). The PSLV rocket in its XL configuration stands at the first launch pad of India's Satish Dhawan Space Centre Spaceport. According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic, particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. Watch | Aditya-L1 mission: ISRO completes rehearsal successfully × The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particle and fields, ISRO said. Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar South Pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the other countries. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Here's the list of ISRO's upcoming missions for 2023-24

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday said&nbsp;that Chandrayaan-3 was ISRO’s most significant achievement and added that MSMEs and private enterprises too&nbsp;contributed&nbsp;to the expedition.

“ISRO played an important role but along with it, the Indian industry, MSMEs and private companies also contributed to this mission. This is a success of both science and industry,” Mint quoted the Indian prime minister&nbsp;as saying during B20 summit in Delhi.

He emphasised how Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs), private companies, and indigenous industries helped&nbsp;in producing&nbsp;equipment to meet the requirements of the Chandrayaan-3 mission.&nbsp;

“The long festival season in India has been brought forward this year. This year, the celebration has started early, from 23rd August. We are celebrating the success of our maiden lunar landing mission — Chandrayaan-3,” PM Modi added.

PM Modi’s faith in India’s future

Believing that India has the solution to every problem, PM Modi said that India has&nbsp;a big part to play in creating a trustworthy and efficient global supply chain. The Indian prime minister recalled how India became the “pharmacy of the world” during the “once-in-a-century pandemic” -- Covid-19 -- by delivering vaccines beyond its borders.

He also advocated for sustainable business practices, stressing that enterprises should realise&nbsp;sustainability as&nbsp;an economic opportunity.

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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday said that Chandrayaan-3 was ISRO’s most significant achievement and added that MSMEs and private enterprises too contributed to the expedition.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday said that Chandrayaan-3 was ISRO’s most significant achievement and added that MSMEs and private enterprises too contributed to the expedition. “ISRO played an important role but along with it, the Indian industry, MSMEs and private companies also contributed to this mission. This is a success of both science and industry,” Mint quoted the Indian prime minister as saying during B20 summit in Delhi. He emphasised how Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs), private companies, and indigenous industries helped in producing equipment to meet the requirements of the Chandrayaan-3 mission. “The long festival season in India has been brought forward this year. This year, the celebration has started early, from 23rd August. We are celebrating the success of our maiden lunar landing mission — Chandrayaan-3,” PM Modi added. PM Modi’s faith in India’s future Believing that India has the solution to every problem, PM Modi said that India has a big part to play in creating a trustworthy and efficient global supply chain. The Indian prime minister recalled how India became the “pharmacy of the world” during the “once-in-a-century pandemic” -- Covid-19 -- by delivering vaccines beyond its borders. He also advocated for sustainable business practices, stressing that enterprises should realise sustainability as an economic opportunity. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

B20 Summit 2023: PM Modi lauds MSMEs, private firms for contributing to Chandrayaan-3 mission

The Indian Space Agency has completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden Sun-observing mission. Titled 'Aditya-L1', the mission is meant to travel 1.5 million kilometres away from the Earth and observe the sun from an orbit around the obstruction-free vantage point known as Lagrangian Point 1 or L1. This mission is travelling barely 1 per cent of the 150 million kilometre Earth-Sun distance.&nbsp;

During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are carried out. The purpose of a countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated time period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process.

The Aditya-L1 mission is slated for lift-off on Saturday, 2nd September, at 11:50 am Indian time. The PSLV rocket in its XL configuration stands at the first launch pad of India's Satish Dhawan Space Centre Spaceport.&nbsp;

According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.

The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc., ISRO said.

Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the Lunar South Pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the others.

&nbsp;

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The Indian Space Agency has completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden Sun-observing mission.

The Indian Space Agency has completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden Sun-observing mission. Titled 'Aditya-L1', the mission is meant to travel 1.5 million kilometres away from the Earth and observe the sun from an orbit around the obstruction-free vantage point known as Lagrangian Point 1 or L1. This mission is travelling barely 1 per cent of the 150 million kilometre Earth-Sun distance. During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are carried out. The purpose of a countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated time period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process. The Aditya-L1 mission is slated for lift-off on Saturday, 2nd September, at 11:50 am Indian time. The PSLV rocket in its XL configuration stands at the first launch pad of India's Satish Dhawan Space Centre Spaceport. According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc., ISRO said. Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the Lunar South Pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the others. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

ISRO completes rehearsal of Sun mission Aditya-L1’s Saturday launch

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is over the Moon, quite literally, with the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 and orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 still revolving around Earth's only satellite. India became the first country to land on the Moon's south pole region successfully. ISRO, already a formidable name in space research and exploration now, has again etched its name among the elite space agencies in the world.

India is now is setting its sights on the next milestone, which is to launch a spacecraft to study the Sun. The mission, Aditya-L1, will seek to unravel secrets of the star nearest to planet Earth.

<h2>Why to study the Sun at all</h2>

We know that Sun is the reason we exist, survive and flourish. Earth and other planets in the Solar System were formed from stellar material that was left after formation of the Sun was complete. Sun not only formed the Earth but is responsible for the sustenance of life as well. All our energy sources eventually find connection with Sun.

In addition to its central role in the Solar System, the Sun also has an effect on interstellar medium, which is the extremely thin medium found between the stars. Charged particles given off by the Sun interact with the interstellar medium and give rise to phenomena such as heliosheath and heliopause.

Studying the Sun will not only give us insights into our immediate near-Earth space, but it also has a potential of&nbsp;improving our understanding of other stars in the Universe.

<h2>About Aditya-L1 mission</h2>

'Aditya' literally means the Sun in Sanskrit, the ancient Indian language. Aditya-L1 is going to be India's first space-based mission to study the Sun. The spacecraft, after launch will be placed in a halo orbit around Lagrange point L1 in space. This point is about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth.

Watch | Aditya-L1 mission: All about the Lagrange point L1, the location of ISRO's spacecraft on Sun

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There is major advantage in placing the observation spacecraft at the L1 point. The spacecraft, at this point, will be able to view the Sun without any occultation or eclipse. This will Aditya-L1 to observe solar activities and its effect on space weather in real-time.

Aditya-L1 will carry seven payloads to observe Sun's photosphere, chromosphere and corona, the outermost layer with the help of electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chandrayaan-3-mission-pragyan-rover-finds-sulphur-on-moons-south-pole-region-hunt-on-for-hydrogen-630305">Chandrayaan-3 mission: Pragyan rover finds sulphur on Moon's south pole region, hunt on for hydrogen</a>

Sun constantly emits charged particles. Aditya-L1 will study these particles in-situ. ISRO says on its website that this will be "providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium."

ISRO expects that Aditya-L1 payloads with give us important information which will lead to us understanding coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characters.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/meteor-remnants-found-on-pacific-not-part-of-solar-system-could-be-alien-technology-harvard-scientist-630303">Meteor remnants found in Pacific not part of solar system, could be 'alien technology': Harvard scientist</a>

In addition, the observations made will also let us understand dynamics of space weather as well as propogation of particle and fields.

<h2>What are Langrange points?</h2>

Lagrange points are five locations in space around the Earth where gravitational forces of the Earth and the Sun along with orbital motion of the spacecraft interact in order to create a stable location. These are called Lagrangian or 'L' points. These are named after 18th-century Italian astronomer and mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange.

The points are denoted as L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5.

<h2>So what are mission objectives of Aditya-L1?</h2>

The ambitious Aditya-L1 mission seeks to study several topics:

<ul>
	<li>It plans to study Sun's upper atmospheric (chromosphere and corona) dynamics.</li>
	<li>The mission will also study chromospheric and coronal heating, the physics of partially-ionised plasma, initiation of coronal mass ejections and flares.</li>
	<li>The mission will observe in-situ particle and plasma environment which will provide data for study of particle dynamics from the Sun.</li>
	<li>Aditya-L1 plans to&nbsp;study physics of solar corona and heating mechanism.</li>
	<li>ISRO will observe diagnostics of the coronal and coronal loop plasma. These include temperature, velocity and density.</li>
	<li>The mission will also study the development, dynamics and origin of CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections)</li>
	<li>Aditya-L1 will attempt to identify sequence of processes that occur at multiple layers of the Sun (chromosphere, base and extended corona). These processes eventual lead to solar eruptive events.</li>
	<li>The magnetic field topology and magnetic field measurements in the solar corona will also be studied.</li>
	<li>Aditya-L1 will observe and study drivers for space weather, that is, origin, composition and dynamics or solar wind.</li>
</ul>

<h2>How will be Aditya-L1's journey?</h2>

Aditya-L1 will first be placed in a low earth orbit by ISRO's PSLV-C57 rocket. After that, the spacecraft's orbit will be made more elliptical. On-board propulsion will be used to launch the spacecraft towards L1 point. As it moves towards L1, the spacecraft will exit Earth's gravitational Sphere of Influence (SOI). After it exits the SOI, the spacecraft will begin its cruise phase. It will then be placed in a large halo orbit around the L1 point. The spacecraft will take four months to reach its destination.

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The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is over the Moon, quite literally, with the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 and orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 still revolving around Earth's only satellite.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is over the Moon, quite literally, with the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 and orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 still revolving around Earth's only satellite. India became the first country to land on the Moon's south pole region successfully. ISRO, already a formidable name in space research and exploration now, has again etched its name among the elite space agencies in the world. India is now is setting its sights on the next milestone, which is to launch a spacecraft to study the Sun. The mission, Aditya-L1, will seek to unravel secrets of the star nearest to planet Earth. Why to study the Sun at all We know that Sun is the reason we exist, survive and flourish. Earth and other planets in the Solar System were formed from stellar material that was left after formation of the Sun was complete. Sun not only formed the Earth but is responsible for the sustenance of life as well. All our energy sources eventually find connection with Sun. In addition to its central role in the Solar System, the Sun also has an effect on interstellar medium, which is the extremely thin medium found between the stars. Charged particles given off by the Sun interact with the interstellar medium and give rise to phenomena such as heliosheath and heliopause. Studying the Sun will not only give us insights into our immediate near-Earth space, but it also has a potential of improving our understanding of other stars in the Universe. About Aditya-L1 mission 'Aditya' literally means the Sun in Sanskrit, the ancient Indian language. Aditya-L1 is going to be India's first space-based mission to study the Sun. The spacecraft, after launch will be placed in a halo orbit around Lagrange point L1 in space. This point is about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth. Watch | Aditya-L1 mission: All about the Lagrange point L1, the location of ISRO's spacecraft on Sun × There is major advantage in placing the observation spacecraft at the L1 point. The spacecraft, at this point, will be able to view the Sun without any occultation or eclipse. This will Aditya-L1 to observe solar activities and its effect on space weather in real-time. Aditya-L1 will carry seven payloads to observe Sun's photosphere, chromosphere and corona, the outermost layer with the help of electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors. Also Read | Chandrayaan-3 mission: Pragyan rover finds sulphur on Moon's south pole region, hunt on for hydrogen Sun constantly emits charged particles. Aditya-L1 will study these particles in-situ. ISRO says on its website that this will be "providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium." ISRO expects that Aditya-L1 payloads with give us important information which will lead to us understanding coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characters. Also Read | Meteor remnants found in Pacific not part of solar system, could be 'alien technology': Harvard scientist In addition, the observations made will also let us understand dynamics of space weather as well as propogation of particle and fields. What are Langrange points? Lagrange points are five locations in space around the Earth where gravitational forces of the Earth and the Sun along with orbital motion of the spacecraft interact in order to create a stable location. These are called Lagrangian or 'L' points. These are named after 18th-century Italian astronomer and mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange. The points are denoted as L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5. So what are mission objectives of Aditya-L1? The ambitious Aditya-L1 mission seeks to study several topics: It plans to study Sun's upper atmospheric (chromosphere and corona) dynamics. The mission will also study chromospheric and coronal heating, the physics of partially-ionised plasma, initiation of coronal mass ejections and flares. The mission will observe in-situ particle and plasma environment which will provide data for study of particle dynamics from the Sun. Aditya-L1 plans to study physics of solar corona and heating mechanism. ISRO will observe diagnostics of the coronal and coronal loop plasma. These include temperature, velocity and density. The mission will also study the development, dynamics and origin of CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections) Aditya-L1 will attempt to identify sequence of processes that occur at multiple layers of the Sun (chromosphere, base and extended corona). These processes eventual lead to solar eruptive events. The magnetic field topology and magnetic field measurements in the solar corona will also be studied. Aditya-L1 will observe and study drivers for space weather, that is, origin, composition and dynamics or solar wind. How will be Aditya-L1's journey? Aditya-L1 will first be placed in a low earth orbit by ISRO's PSLV-C57 rocket. After that, the spacecraft's orbit will be made more elliptical. On-board propulsion will be used to launch the spacecraft towards L1 point. As it moves towards L1, the spacecraft will exit Earth's gravitational Sphere of Influence (SOI). After it exits the SOI, the spacecraft will begin its cruise phase. It will then be placed in a large halo orbit around the L1 point. The spacecraft will take four months to reach its destination. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Explained | What will ISRO study in Aditya-L1 mission as it aims for the Sun

After successfully landing spacecraft on the moon’s South Pole, India is now aiming for the Sun. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is now gearing up for its maiden solar mission, Aditya-L1. ISRO chief S Somanath on Saturday shared major updates on the mission, saying that Aditya-L1 is ready and will be launched in the first week of September.

"We are planning to launch in the first week of September," said ISRO chairman S. Somanath.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/manipur-violence-in-meeting-with-amit-shah-cocomi-encouraged-to-hold-peace-talks-with-kukis-629505">Manipur violence: In meeting with Amit Shah, COCOMI encouraged to hold peace talks with Kukis</a>

On August 14, Aditya-L1’s satellite arrived at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) in Sriharikota from UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) in Bengaluru, where it was developed. ISRO shared the update on X (formerly Twitter).

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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: 
 
Aditya-L1, the first space-based Indian observatory to study the Sun ☀️, is getting ready for the launch. 
 
The satellite realised at the U R Rao Satellite Centre (URSC), Bengaluru has arrived at SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota. 
 
More pics… <a href="https://t.co/JSJiOBSHp1">pic.twitter.com/JSJiOBSHp1</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1690935417342967808?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 14, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Initially, Aditya-L1 was slated to launch on August 26, but as per the latest update, the mission will now be launched in the first week of September.&nbsp;

<h2>What Aditya-L1's mission is all about?</h2>

Aditya-L1 will be India’s first space-based mission to study the Sun. The spacecraft of Aditya-L1 will be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from the Earth.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/officials-stunned-as-top-indian-university-receives-186mn-as-anonymous-donation-629522">India: Officials stunned as IIT Bombay receives $18.6 million in anonymous donation</a>

Lagrange Points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of a two-body system the Sun and Earth produce enhanced regions of attraction and repulsion. These points are used by spacecraft as ‘parking spots’ in space to remain in a fixed position with minimal fuel consumption.&nbsp;

It aims to study solar winds, which can cause disturbance on Earth and are commonly seen as "auroras".

<h2>When will Aditya-L1 mission be launched?</h2>

The satellite is ready and has already reached Sriharikota, but the final date for the launch of Aditya-L1 will be announced in two days, ISRO chief S Somanath has said.

The event is expected to take place in the first week of September, with the space agency targeting a September 2 launch.

<h2>What are the objectives of Aditya-L1?</h2>

With Aditya-L1, ISRO aims to observe solar activities more closely and their effect on space weather in real-time. The mission will study the solar upper atmospheric dynamics of the corona and chromosphere.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/historic-milestone-taiwan-unveils-its-first-hindu-temple-to-strengthen-bonds-with-india-629558">Taiwan gets 'Sabka Mandir,' a Hindu temple that strengthens cultural bonds with India</a>

The spacecraft will carry seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromospheres and the outermost layers of the Sun using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors.&nbsp;

Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing critical scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.

(With inputs from agencies) 
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After successfully landing spacecraft on the moon’s South Pole, India is now aiming for the Sun. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is now gearing up for its maiden solar mission, Aditya-L1.

After successfully landing spacecraft on the moon’s South Pole, India is now aiming for the Sun. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is now gearing up for its maiden solar mission, Aditya-L1. ISRO chief S Somanath on Saturday shared major updates on the mission, saying that Aditya-L1 is ready and will be launched in the first week of September. "We are planning to launch in the first week of September," said ISRO chairman S. Somanath. Also Read | Manipur violence: In meeting with Amit Shah, COCOMI encouraged to hold peace talks with Kukis On August 14, Aditya-L1’s satellite arrived at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) in Sriharikota from UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) in Bengaluru, where it was developed. ISRO shared the update on X (formerly Twitter). PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: Aditya-L1, the first space-based Indian observatory to study the Sun ☀️, is getting ready for the launch. The satellite realised at the U R Rao Satellite Centre (URSC), Bengaluru has arrived at SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota. More pics… pic.twitter.com/JSJiOBSHp1 — ISRO (@isro) August 14, 2023 × Initially, Aditya-L1 was slated to launch on August 26, but as per the latest update, the mission will now be launched in the first week of September. What Aditya-L1's mission is all about? Aditya-L1 will be India’s first space-based mission to study the Sun. The spacecraft of Aditya-L1 will be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from the Earth. Also Read | India: Officials stunned as IIT Bombay receives $18.6 million in anonymous donation Lagrange Points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of a two-body system the Sun and Earth produce enhanced regions of attraction and repulsion. These points are used by spacecraft as ‘parking spots’ in space to remain in a fixed position with minimal fuel consumption. It aims to study solar winds, which can cause disturbance on Earth and are commonly seen as "auroras". When will Aditya-L1 mission be launched? The satellite is ready and has already reached Sriharikota, but the final date for the launch of Aditya-L1 will be announced in two days, ISRO chief S Somanath has said. The event is expected to take place in the first week of September, with the space agency targeting a September 2 launch. What are the objectives of Aditya-L1? With Aditya-L1, ISRO aims to observe solar activities more closely and their effect on space weather in real-time. The mission will study the solar upper atmospheric dynamics of the corona and chromosphere. Also Read | Taiwan gets 'Sabka Mandir,' a Hindu temple that strengthens cultural bonds with India The spacecraft will carry seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromospheres and the outermost layers of the Sun using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing critical scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

After moon, ISRO aims for the Sun with its Aditya-L1 mission. Launch due in September | Check details

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 26 hailed the scientists of the Indian Space Research Organisation upon the historic success of the Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission three days ago. Describing India's lunar landing as 'one of the most inspiring moments of the century', Modi designated the lunar mission as India's 'national pride'.&nbsp;

Modi also announced the names of the lunar sites where the probes of Chandrayaan-3 and its predecessor Chandrayaan-2 experienced an impact. While the site of the soft landing of the Vikram lander of the Chandrayaan-3 mission has been named 'Shivshakti Point', the site of the hard landing of the lander of the Chandrayaan-2 lunar mission of 2019 has been named 'Tiranga Point', in reference to the Indian national flag or tricolour.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-success-live-updates-modi-hails-indias-scientists-ahead-of-meeting-with-isro-scientists-629339">Chandrayaan-3 success LIVE: India names sites on the Moon where its lunar missions landed</a>

“Today, I am feeling a different level of happiness...such occasions are very rare...this time, I was so restless...I was in South Africa but my mind was with you,” Modi said.

Modi declared that August 23rd, the day when India's Vikram lander made a safe and soft landing on the southern pole of the Moon, will now be celebrated as National Space Day in India.&nbsp;

Modi made these declarations in an address to the scientists of the Indian Space Research Organisation at its Telemetry Tracking and Command Network Mission Control headquarters in Bengaluru in southern India. Modi landed in Bengaluru on the morning of August 26th after his four-day formal tour of South Africa and Greece.&nbsp;

Modi also commended the role played by India's women scientists in the lunar missions and while referring to the naming of the lunar landing site, he said: "This 'Shivkshakti' point will inspire the upcoming generations to use science for the welfare of people. The welfare of people is our supreme commitment."&nbsp;

Also watch |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3: After soft-landing on moon, ISRO to study sun from afar

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Modi, while heaping praises on ISRO, said that people from across the globe who believe in science and the future are filled with enthusiasm over India’s achievement.&nbsp;

The Prime Minister was received at ISTRAC by ISRO chief S Somanath and other scientists.&nbsp;

Addressing the scientists, Modi said, "What you all have achieved is one of the most inspiring moments of this era. After this feat, the entire world has understood India's mettle in the field of science and technology."

India's Chandrayaan-3 lander Vikram successfully touched down on the lunar surface on Wednesday, August 23.&nbsp;

The lander is carrying six scientific payloads, including the rover Pragyan which will collect data over the course of 14 days. 
 
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India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 26 hailed the scientists of the Indian Space Research Organisation upon the historic success of the Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission three days ago.

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 26 hailed the scientists of the Indian Space Research Organisation upon the historic success of the Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission three days ago. Describing India's lunar landing as 'one of the most inspiring moments of the century', Modi designated the lunar mission as India's 'national pride'. Modi also announced the names of the lunar sites where the probes of Chandrayaan-3 and its predecessor Chandrayaan-2 experienced an impact. While the site of the soft landing of the Vikram lander of the Chandrayaan-3 mission has been named 'Shivshakti Point', the site of the hard landing of the lander of the Chandrayaan-2 lunar mission of 2019 has been named 'Tiranga Point', in reference to the Indian national flag or tricolour. Also read | Chandrayaan-3 success LIVE: India names sites on the Moon where its lunar missions landed “Today, I am feeling a different level of happiness...such occasions are very rare...this time, I was so restless...I was in South Africa but my mind was with you,” Modi said. Modi declared that August 23rd, the day when India's Vikram lander made a safe and soft landing on the southern pole of the Moon, will now be celebrated as National Space Day in India. Modi made these declarations in an address to the scientists of the Indian Space Research Organisation at its Telemetry Tracking and Command Network Mission Control headquarters in Bengaluru in southern India. Modi landed in Bengaluru on the morning of August 26th after his four-day formal tour of South Africa and Greece. Modi also commended the role played by India's women scientists in the lunar missions and while referring to the naming of the lunar landing site, he said: "This 'Shivkshakti' point will inspire the upcoming generations to use science for the welfare of people. The welfare of people is our supreme commitment." Also watch | Chandrayaan-3: After soft-landing on moon, ISRO to study sun from afar × Modi, while heaping praises on ISRO, said that people from across the globe who believe in science and the future are filled with enthusiasm over India’s achievement. The Prime Minister was received at ISTRAC by ISRO chief S Somanath and other scientists. Addressing the scientists, Modi said, "What you all have achieved is one of the most inspiring moments of this era. After this feat, the entire world has understood India's mettle in the field of science and technology." India's Chandrayaan-3 lander Vikram successfully touched down on the lunar surface on Wednesday, August 23. The lander is carrying six scientific payloads, including the rover Pragyan which will collect data over the course of 14 days. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3: Modi hails India's lunar landing as 'one of the most inspiring moments of this century'

As the minister who is directly in charge of crucial portfolios including Space and Atomic energy, among others, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi would be visiting ISRO’s Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) facility in Bengaluru.&nbsp;

He is expected to depart for the Indian city, directly after completing his official visit to Greece. His first stop would be the ISTRAC facility, from where the entire mission operations (post-launch until landing and beyond) of Chandrayaan-3 are being carried out. His visit to ISTRAC is in line with what he had assured the team of scientists, during his video address to them, shortly after the soft landing on lunar south pole.&nbsp;

Notably, PM Modi had been present at ISTRAC, during the Lunar landing attempt of Chandrayaan-2, in September 2019. After the mission could not make a soft landing, the PM addressed the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) team. Back in September 2014, when India’s Mars Orbiter Mission entered Martian orbit, PM Modi witnessed the event at ISTRAC and congratulated the scientists.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-scripts-new-chapter-pm-modi-about-successful-launch-of-indias-third-lunar-mission-615607">‘Chandrayaan-3 scripts new chapter’: PM Modi about successful launch of India’s third lunar mission</a>

While the Chandrayaan-3 orbiter and rover are functioning normally and the science experiments are being carried out, not many post-landing pictures of the lander and rover have been officially shared by ISRO.&nbsp;

So far, ISRO has shared videos of the Vikram Lander’s downward view, as the craft flew over the Lunar surface, making a landing approach. The Indian space agency had also shared images of the lander’s legs firmly on the lunar surface and also a video of the Pragyan rover rolling down its ramp and travelling a few inches.&nbsp;

Expectations are high that the Indian government-run space agency will share exciting new pictures and videos of the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover, once the Prime Minister arrives at ISTRAC. Most awaited are the pictures and videos of the lander standing tall and upright, as captured by the 26-kg&nbsp;rover from afar and vice versa.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-pm-modi-to-join-virtually-from-south-africa-as-india-attempts-moon-landing-628152">Chandrayaan-3: PM Modi to join virtually from South Africa as India attempts moon landing</a>

It is also expected that there would be videos and pictures of the rover literally making India’s mark on the moon. The rover wheels are said to have been embossed with the Indian National Emblem, which is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka at Sarnath and the iconic ISRO logo.

Following the meet and greet at ISTRAC, starting around 6:00 am (local time) on Saturday (August 26), and his address to team ISRO, the Prime Minister is expected to address a public meeting in Bengaluru city, following which he will depart&nbsp;for New Delhi.&nbsp;

In his address to ISRO after the successful soft-landing of the Chandrayaan-3 craft, the PM made a mention of ISRO’s upcoming and planned missions – Gaganyaan (sending Indian astronauts to Low Earth orbit and returning them safely), Robotic Spacecraft mission to Venus (Shukrayaan) and even the second Mars Mission (perhaps, a landing mission). Meanwhile, fresh from the Chandrayaan-3 moon mission success, India’s maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, is being prepared for launch on a PSLV rocket, in the first week of September 2023.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indias-modi-out-of-this-world-pm-brazils-lula-read-south-african-paper-on-chandrayaan-3-628902">‘India's Modi out of this world’: PM, Brazil’s Lula read South African paper on Chandrayaan-3</a>

“The preparation for Aditya-L1 is going on really well. At the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, final checks are being carried out on the spacecraft and the PSLV rocket (mission number C57) for this mission is being assembled,” A. Rajarajan, the director of the spaceport, told WION.&nbsp;

Speaking to WION after the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3, he said that the <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/moon-mission-successful-indias-sun-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-in-2-weeks-628856">Aditya-L1 mission</a> is to be launched in the first week of September. So far, the Indian space agency has launched six missions in the year 2023. While four of these missions were for India’s own national and scientific purposes, two of them have been missions for foreign customers. ISRO has had a great year with successes in all launch missions.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-is-on-the-moon-isro-chief-s-somanath-celebrates-chandrayaan-3s-triumph-on-lunar-landing-628420">‘India is on the moon’: ISRO chief S Somanath celebrates Chandrayaan-3's triumph on lunar landing</a>

Aditya-L1 is the first observatory-class space-based solar mission from India. The spacecraft is to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point, L1, of the Sun-Earth system. A satellite around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without occultation/eclipses. This position provides a greater advantage of observing solar activities continuously.&nbsp;

Aditya-L1 carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle detectors. According to ISRO, Four payloads on Aditya-L1 directly view the Sun from the unique vantage point of L1, and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1. 
 
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As the minister who is directly in charge of crucial portfolios including Space and Atomic energy, among others, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi would be visiting ISRO’s Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) facility in Bengaluru.

As the minister who is directly in charge of crucial portfolios including Space and Atomic energy, among others, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi would be visiting ISRO’s Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) facility in Bengaluru. He is expected to depart for the Indian city, directly after completing his official visit to Greece. His first stop would be the ISTRAC facility, from where the entire mission operations (post-launch until landing and beyond) of Chandrayaan-3 are being carried out. His visit to ISTRAC is in line with what he had assured the team of scientists, during his video address to them, shortly after the soft landing on lunar south pole. Notably, PM Modi had been present at ISTRAC, during the Lunar landing attempt of Chandrayaan-2, in September 2019. After the mission could not make a soft landing, the PM addressed the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) team. Back in September 2014, when India’s Mars Orbiter Mission entered Martian orbit, PM Modi witnessed the event at ISTRAC and congratulated the scientists. ALSO READ | ‘Chandrayaan-3 scripts new chapter’: PM Modi about successful launch of India’s third lunar mission While the Chandrayaan-3 orbiter and rover are functioning normally and the science experiments are being carried out, not many post-landing pictures of the lander and rover have been officially shared by ISRO. So far, ISRO has shared videos of the Vikram Lander’s downward view, as the craft flew over the Lunar surface, making a landing approach. The Indian space agency had also shared images of the lander’s legs firmly on the lunar surface and also a video of the Pragyan rover rolling down its ramp and travelling a few inches. Expectations are high that the Indian government-run space agency will share exciting new pictures and videos of the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover, once the Prime Minister arrives at ISTRAC. Most awaited are the pictures and videos of the lander standing tall and upright, as captured by the 26-kg rover from afar and vice versa. ALSO READ | Chandrayaan-3: PM Modi to join virtually from South Africa as India attempts moon landing It is also expected that there would be videos and pictures of the rover literally making India’s mark on the moon. The rover wheels are said to have been embossed with the Indian National Emblem, which is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka at Sarnath and the iconic ISRO logo. Following the meet and greet at ISTRAC, starting around 6:00 am (local time) on Saturday (August 26), and his address to team ISRO, the Prime Minister is expected to address a public meeting in Bengaluru city, following which he will depart for New Delhi. In his address to ISRO after the successful soft-landing of the Chandrayaan-3 craft, the PM made a mention of ISRO’s upcoming and planned missions – Gaganyaan (sending Indian astronauts to Low Earth orbit and returning them safely), Robotic Spacecraft mission to Venus (Shukrayaan) and even the second Mars Mission (perhaps, a landing mission). Meanwhile, fresh from the Chandrayaan-3 moon mission success, India’s maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, is being prepared for launch on a PSLV rocket, in the first week of September 2023. ALSO READ | ‘India's Modi out of this world’: PM, Brazil’s Lula read South African paper on Chandrayaan-3 “The preparation for Aditya-L1 is going on really well. At the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, final checks are being carried out on the spacecraft and the PSLV rocket (mission number C57) for this mission is being assembled,” A. Rajarajan, the director of the spaceport, told WION. Speaking to WION after the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3, he said that the Aditya-L1 mission is to be launched in the first week of September. So far, the Indian space agency has launched six missions in the year 2023. While four of these missions were for India’s own national and scientific purposes, two of them have been missions for foreign customers. ISRO has had a great year with successes in all launch missions. ALSO READ | ‘India is on the moon’: ISRO chief S Somanath celebrates Chandrayaan-3's triumph on lunar landing Aditya-L1 is the first observatory-class space-based solar mission from India. The spacecraft is to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point, L1, of the Sun-Earth system. A satellite around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without occultation/eclipses. This position provides a greater advantage of observing solar activities continuously. Aditya-L1 carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle detectors. According to ISRO, Four payloads on Aditya-L1 directly view the Sun from the unique vantage point of L1, and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India: PM Modi to meet ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 team after historic lunar landing

The Chandrayaan-3 lunar expedition accomplished a triumphant soft landing at 6:04 pm (Indian Standard Time) on August 23rd. India marked a significant moment in history by becoming the pioneer nation to achieve a successful lunar landing in the south&nbsp;pole&nbsp;region, courtesy of the ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-indias-chandrayaan-3-makes-majestic-lift-off-from-sriharikota-615537">successfully launched</a> the Chandrayaan-3 mission, on Friday (July 14) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh’s Sriharikota at 2:35 pm (local time). The launch marked the country’s third lunar mission and second attempt at a soft landing on the surface of the moon.&nbsp;

Following the successful launch of the moon lander named ‘Vikram’ was perched on a GSLV Mark 3 heavy-lift launch vehicle, <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-scripts-new-chapter-pm-modi-about-successful-launch-of-indias-third-lunar-mission-615607">congratulations</a> began pouring in for the team of scientists at ISRO. Unlike its predecessor, the Chandrayaan-2 mission, this time around there is a sizable number of women behind the project.

Earlier, a senior official of ISRO reportedly said there are around 54 female engineers and scientists who are working directly for the Chandrayaan-3 mission&nbsp;in various roles like associates, deputy project directors and project managers for various systems, and so on.&nbsp;

Dr Ritu Karidhal Srivastava, who is popularly known as India’s ‘rocket woman,’ and is one of the senior scientists at ISRO, is said to be at the helm of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-indias-chandrayaan-3-makes-majestic-lift-off-from-sriharikota-615537">Chandrayaan-3 mission</a>.

<h2>Who is Ritu Karidhal?</h2>

Dr Ritu Karidhal was the mission director of Chandrayaan-2 and the deputy operations director of Mangalyaan, ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) which successfully reached the Red Planet’s orbit in 2014 and India became the first Asian nation to achieve this feat.&nbsp;

Karidhal was born and brought up in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh’s Lucknow. She pursued her MSc in Physics from Lucknow University in 1996 and her MTech from the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru.

She is always said to have been fascinated by space and developed an interest in exploring space from a very young age. One of her hobbies during school days was collecting news articles related to any space activities by ISRO or NASA.&nbsp;

Karidhal, with her expertise in aerospace, joined ISRO in November 1997 and worked for many prestigious missions of the space organisation and played a key role in most of them. According to the Women Economic Forum (WEF), Karidhal has published more than 20 papers both in international and national publications.

<h2>Chandrayaan-3’s successful launch</h2>

“It is a matter of pride for us since she has been our student. She was a bright student and had even qualified GATE. She got selected in ISRO while she was pursuing her PhD from here,” Lucknow University Professor Poonam Tandon said about Karidhal, in an interview with PTI, on Friday.&nbsp;

Karidhal’s family was also seen celebrating and distributing sweets after the successful launch of ISRO’s LVM3 M4 vehicle into orbit. 
&nbsp;

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/WATCH?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#WATCH</a> | Lucknow: Chandrayaan-3 mission director Ritu Karidhal's family celebrates, and distributes sweets as ISRO's LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launched it into orbit. 
 
Chandrayaan-3, in its precise orbit, has begun its journey to the Moon. <a href="https://t.co/qcalBIjjN7">pic.twitter.com/qcalBIjjN7</a>
— ANI (@ANI) <a href="https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1679800270988136448?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 14, 2023</a></blockquote>
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(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp; 
 
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The Chandrayaan-3 lunar expedition accomplished a triumphant soft landing at 6:04 pm (Indian Standard Time) on August 23rd. India marked a significant moment in history by becoming the pioneer nation to achieve a successful lunar landing in the south pole region, courtesy of the ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft.

The Chandrayaan-3 lunar expedition accomplished a triumphant soft landing at 6:04 pm (Indian Standard Time) on August 23rd. India marked a significant moment in history by becoming the pioneer nation to achieve a successful lunar landing in the south pole region, courtesy of the ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the Chandrayaan-3 mission, on Friday (July 14) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh’s Sriharikota at 2:35 pm (local time). The launch marked the country’s third lunar mission and second attempt at a soft landing on the surface of the moon. Following the successful launch of the moon lander named ‘Vikram’ was perched on a GSLV Mark 3 heavy-lift launch vehicle, congratulations began pouring in for the team of scientists at ISRO. Unlike its predecessor, the Chandrayaan-2 mission, this time around there is a sizable number of women behind the project. Earlier, a senior official of ISRO reportedly said there are around 54 female engineers and scientists who are working directly for the Chandrayaan-3 mission in various roles like associates, deputy project directors and project managers for various systems, and so on. Dr Ritu Karidhal Srivastava, who is popularly known as India’s ‘rocket woman,’ and is one of the senior scientists at ISRO, is said to be at the helm of the Chandrayaan-3 mission. Who is Ritu Karidhal? Dr Ritu Karidhal was the mission director of Chandrayaan-2 and the deputy operations director of Mangalyaan, ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) which successfully reached the Red Planet’s orbit in 2014 and India became the first Asian nation to achieve this feat. Karidhal was born and brought up in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh’s Lucknow. She pursued her MSc in Physics from Lucknow University in 1996 and her MTech from the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru. She is always said to have been fascinated by space and developed an interest in exploring space from a very young age. One of her hobbies during school days was collecting news articles related to any space activities by ISRO or NASA. Karidhal, with her expertise in aerospace, joined ISRO in November 1997 and worked for many prestigious missions of the space organisation and played a key role in most of them. According to the Women Economic Forum (WEF), Karidhal has published more than 20 papers both in international and national publications. Chandrayaan-3’s successful launch “It is a matter of pride for us since she has been our student. She was a bright student and had even qualified GATE. She got selected in ISRO while she was pursuing her PhD from here,” Lucknow University Professor Poonam Tandon said about Karidhal, in an interview with PTI, on Friday. Karidhal’s family was also seen celebrating and distributing sweets after the successful launch of ISRO’s LVM3 M4 vehicle into orbit. #WATCH | Lucknow: Chandrayaan-3 mission director Ritu Karidhal's family celebrates, and distributes sweets as ISRO's LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launched it into orbit. Chandrayaan-3, in its precise orbit, has begun its journey to the Moon. pic.twitter.com/qcalBIjjN7 — ANI (@ANI) July 14, 2023 × (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Meet India’s ‘rocket woman’ Ritu Karidhal, scientist behind Chandrayaan-3 mission

India is a few hours away from creating history. Chandrayaan-3, the third lunar mission of the country will attempt a soft landing on the moon's south pole today (Aug 23) at 6:04 pm IST. All eyes are on Chandryaan-s's Vikram Lander which also contains the Pragyan rover that will study the surface of the moon.&nbsp;

Ahead of the landing, the space agency said the Mission Operations Complex (MOX), located at the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), is buzzing with energy and excitement.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-countdown-begins-when-and-where-to-watch-live-streaming-of-landing-online-628221">Chandrayaan-3: Countdown begins! When and where to watch live streaming of landing online</a>

A mission that was started as a dream by some scientists has now become the pride of the country’s commoners. The history will be made on August 23, when Chandrayaan-3’s Lander and Rover will land on moon’s lesser-known area- Lunar South.&nbsp;

Moon has always intrigued scientists, philosophers, space enthusiasts and commoners alike. Many attempts have been made in the past to reach the moon and to look for the probability of life on its surface. What has been even more fascinating for science buffs is its South Pole, which is the southernmost point on the Moon.

<h2>Moon’s South Pole: What makes it so fascinating?</h2>

Moon’s South Pole, also known as the lunar south pole is of special interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it. The lunar south pole has craters on its surface that are unique in their own way, as sunlight is not able to reach their interiors.&nbsp;

NASA even claims that some craters in the moon’s south pole have not received sunlight for billions of years and the temperatures here could dip as low as -203 degrees Celsius.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/researchers-spot-crazy-nests-made-by-crows-using-bird-repelling-objects-614591">Researchers spot ‘crazy’ nests made by crows using bird-repelling objects</a>

This is why these craters are cold traps that contain a fossil record of hydrogen, water ice, and other volatiles dating from the early Solar System. Considering these cold temperatures, the matter trapped in the southern lunar region wouldn’t have witnessed much change over the years and could thereby hold clues to early life.&nbsp;

These factors make the southern lunar pole fascinating for scientific investigations.&nbsp;

<h2>Explorations to Moon’s South Pole</h2>

Several nations have explored or tried to explore this particular region on the lunar south pole.&nbsp;

In 2008, ISRO developed a Moon Impact Probe (MIP), which separated from the moon-orbiting Chandrayaan-1 on 14 November 2008 at 20:06 IST and after nearly 25 minutes crashed as planned, near the rim of Shackleton Crater. Shackleton is an impact crater in the lunar south pole. With this mission, India became the first nation to hard land or impact the lunar south pole.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/countdown-to-chaos-sun-nearing-solar-maximum-in-2-years-threatening-internet-apocalypse-614695">Countdown to chaos: Sun nearing solar maximum in 2 years, threatening 'internet apocalypse'</a>

India's second lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, which was launched on 22 July 2019, attempted to soft-land on the south polar region of the moon. But unfortunately, the lander failed to land safely, losing communication barely 335 metres from the ground.&nbsp;

With the third instalment of the Chandrayaan series, India will attempt to soft land on the lunar south pole this time.&nbsp; 
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India is a few hours away from creating history. Chandrayaan-3, the third lunar mission of the country will attempt a soft landing on the moon's south pole today (Aug 23) at 6:04 pm IST.

India is a few hours away from creating history. Chandrayaan-3, the third lunar mission of the country will attempt a soft landing on the moon's south pole today (Aug 23) at 6:04 pm IST. All eyes are on Chandryaan-s's Vikram Lander which also contains the Pragyan rover that will study the surface of the moon. Ahead of the landing, the space agency said the Mission Operations Complex (MOX), located at the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), is buzzing with energy and excitement. Also Read | Chandrayaan-3: Countdown begins! When and where to watch live streaming of landing online A mission that was started as a dream by some scientists has now become the pride of the country’s commoners. The history will be made on August 23, when Chandrayaan-3’s Lander and Rover will land on moon’s lesser-known area- Lunar South. Moon has always intrigued scientists, philosophers, space enthusiasts and commoners alike. Many attempts have been made in the past to reach the moon and to look for the probability of life on its surface. What has been even more fascinating for science buffs is its South Pole, which is the southernmost point on the Moon. Moon’s South Pole: What makes it so fascinating? Moon’s South Pole, also known as the lunar south pole is of special interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it. The lunar south pole has craters on its surface that are unique in their own way, as sunlight is not able to reach their interiors. NASA even claims that some craters in the moon’s south pole have not received sunlight for billions of years and the temperatures here could dip as low as -203 degrees Celsius. Also Read | Researchers spot ‘crazy’ nests made by crows using bird-repelling objects This is why these craters are cold traps that contain a fossil record of hydrogen, water ice, and other volatiles dating from the early Solar System. Considering these cold temperatures, the matter trapped in the southern lunar region wouldn’t have witnessed much change over the years and could thereby hold clues to early life. These factors make the southern lunar pole fascinating for scientific investigations. Explorations to Moon’s South Pole Several nations have explored or tried to explore this particular region on the lunar south pole. In 2008, ISRO developed a Moon Impact Probe (MIP), which separated from the moon-orbiting Chandrayaan-1 on 14 November 2008 at 20:06 IST and after nearly 25 minutes crashed as planned, near the rim of Shackleton Crater. Shackleton is an impact crater in the lunar south pole. With this mission, India became the first nation to hard land or impact the lunar south pole. Also Read | Countdown to chaos: Sun nearing solar maximum in 2 years, threatening 'internet apocalypse' India's second lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, which was launched on 22 July 2019, attempted to soft-land on the south polar region of the moon. But unfortunately, the lander failed to land safely, losing communication barely 335 metres from the ground. With the third instalment of the Chandrayaan series, India will attempt to soft land on the lunar south pole this time. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3: What makes Moon's south pole so fascinating?

<blockquote>
"Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers and we are wanderers still."

- Carl Sagan, American Astrophysicist
</blockquote>

We, humans, have explored deep and wide, from the depths of the oceans to the highest peaks. Space, the final frontier, has captivated our imagination since time immemorial.

The call of the cosmos, the curiosity to know more about our origin, and what secrets lie hidden in the vastness of the universe is the driving force for space explorations.&nbsp;

Venturing into space is costly, technologically difficult, and dangerous. But again success brings us joy something which lifts our spirits.

The world witnessed magic, on July 1969, the historic moment when humans landing on the moon not only upped the morale of Americans but also served as a reminder of our innate desire to explore and push the boundaries of knowledge.

In the same pursuit of this&nbsp;<a data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="0" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CaL2QOsHwg" id="LPNoLPOWALinkPreview" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CaL2QOsHwg">cosmic quest</a>, India launched its ambitious moon missions, demonstrating frugal cost and indigenous technology.&nbsp;

<h2>The Historic Moon Landing</h2>

The moment American astronauts set foot on the moon in 1969 was a monumental achievement that captured the world's attention.

The&nbsp;black-and-white images of Neil Armstrong’s ghostly form that were beamed back to Earth were surreal.&nbsp;<img alt="NASA Moon Landing" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="bdb2ac33-b564-4543-9903-7c6934bbade9" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-08-23T015704.251.png" />

Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong, the first human to step on the Moon, during the moonwalk on July 21, 1969 | NASA

It marked a giant leap for humankind and symbolised American prowess in space exploration.

The success of the Apollo programme boosted national pride and had far-reaching effects on science, technology, and geopolitics.

It inspired a new generation of scientists and contributed to advancements in various fields.&nbsp;

<h2>India's Ambitious Foray into Space</h2>

India, known for its frugal approach to space exploration, embarked on its ambitious moon missions with the Chandrayaan programme.&nbsp;<a data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="1" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwXF0VzGtVc" id="LPNoLPOWALinkPreview_1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwXF0VzGtVc">Chandrayaan-1</a>, launched in 2008, was a significant milestone for India's space agency, ISRO.<img alt="Chandrayaan-1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="13eaae2b-0261-48c1-a1a2-fa0fc745ef59" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-08-23T020500.043.png" />

The then chairman of&nbsp;Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) G. Madhavan Nair on October 22, 2008, after the successful launch of India's first Lunar probe Chandrayaan-1 | AFP

The mission successfully discovered the presence of water on the moon's surface and provided valuable insights into lunar geology. This was the first time water was found on the lunar surface.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<h2>Learning from the failure</h2>

India's Chandrayaan-2 mission encountered a setback in 2019 when the lander Vikram failed to achieve a soft landing on the moon's surface.

However, from this failure, India learned valuable lessons that paved the way for future lunar explorations.

The mission served as a catalyst for innovation, prompting the scientific community to analyse and rectify the challenges faced.

This setback ignited a spirit of resilience and determination, driving the development of innovative solutions and improved mission preparedness. In fact, it's the orbiter of Chandrayan-2 which is providing key inputs in real-time to help its successor Chandrayaan-3 which is poised to land.&nbsp;

<h2>Criticism and India's Priorities</h2>

Critics of India's spend on space missions often question the allocation of resources in a country with pressing socio-economic challenges.

However, it is important to note that India is one of the world's top economies, and its investments in space technology have yielded significant benefits. Spinoff technologies and direct advantages of Indian space forays are helping in sectors such as agriculture and defence.

<h2>The leadership of the Indian Prime Minister</h2>

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi has played a pivotal role as a visionary leader.

Under his leadership, India's space programme has flourished, with a keen focus on innovation, efficiency, and self-reliance.<img alt="Modi with ISRO scientists" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="bfa37dc9-e12a-444e-847f-df6065422836" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-08-23T020757.135.png" />

File photo of India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi with ISRO scientists | PTI&nbsp;

PM Modi's unwavering support for ISRO and his endorsement of cost-effective space missions aligns with the nation's ethos of frugality, allowing India to achieve remarkable feats without burdening its economy.

Moreover, PM Modi's emphasis on the practical applications of space technology in agriculture, disaster management, and national security underscores his commitment to harnessing space capabilities for the betterment of Indian society.

<h2>The unforgiving environment of space</h2>

Space is an unforgiving and challenging environment that demands innovation and resilience.

Intense radiation, microgravity, and extreme temperatures necessitate technological advancements and rigorous preparation to ensure the success of space missions. Then there is space debris.

Travelling at more than 24,000kmph, micrometre-sized particles can&nbsp;knock out an entire satellite.&nbsp;

India's foray&nbsp;into space is not only about reaching the moon but also about gaining valuable knowledge and expertise to pioneer future missions.

<h2>Chandrayaan's Multifaceted Objectives</h2>

While the world fixates on the notion of landing on the moon, India's Chandrayaan orbiter has a broader scope.

Apart from mapping the lunar surface, it aims to conduct experiments related to the moon's atmosphere, electromagnetic radiation, and even the search for exoplanets.

This multifaceted approach expands our understanding of space and contributes to scientific advancements that reach far beyond our immediate lunar neighbour.

<h2>India's Lunar Leap</h2>

India's space missions, particularly Chandrayaan, carry the hopes and aspirations of over a billion people.

They symbolise India's determination to push boundaries and be at the forefront of space exploration.&nbsp;ISRO operates on a shoestring budget, the Mars orbiter, Mangalyaan, had a price tag of $75 million, less than the cost of an average Hollywood blockbuster.&nbsp;

Combined with indigenous technology, the multifaceted objectives of these missions showcase India's expertise and commitment to scientific advancement.

As India continues its journey into the unknown, exploring the moon and beyond, it inspires and instils hope for a brighter future.&nbsp;&nbsp;

I am reminded of a famous quote from India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as we stand on the cusp of India making cosmic history

<blockquote>
"A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new; when an age ends; and when the soul of a nation long suppressed finds utterance."&nbsp;
</blockquote>

(Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer.)

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"Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers and we are wanderers still." - Carl Sagan, American Astrophysicist We, humans, have explored deep and wide, from the depths of the oceans to the highest peaks.

"Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers and we are wanderers still." - Carl Sagan, American Astrophysicist We, humans, have explored deep and wide, from the depths of the oceans to the highest peaks. Space, the final frontier, has captivated our imagination since time immemorial. The call of the cosmos, the curiosity to know more about our origin, and what secrets lie hidden in the vastness of the universe is the driving force for space explorations. Venturing into space is costly, technologically difficult, and dangerous. But again success brings us joy something which lifts our spirits. The world witnessed magic, on July 1969, the historic moment when humans landing on the moon not only upped the morale of Americans but also served as a reminder of our innate desire to explore and push the boundaries of knowledge. In the same pursuit of this cosmic quest, India launched its ambitious moon missions, demonstrating frugal cost and indigenous technology. The Historic Moon Landing The moment American astronauts set foot on the moon in 1969 was a monumental achievement that captured the world's attention. The black-and-white images of Neil Armstrong’s ghostly form that were beamed back to Earth were surreal. Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong, the first human to step on the Moon, during the moonwalk on July 21, 1969 | NASA It marked a giant leap for humankind and symbolised American prowess in space exploration. The success of the Apollo programme boosted national pride and had far-reaching effects on science, technology, and geopolitics. It inspired a new generation of scientists and contributed to advancements in various fields. India's Ambitious Foray into Space India, known for its frugal approach to space exploration, embarked on its ambitious moon missions with the Chandrayaan programme. Chandrayaan-1, launched in 2008, was a significant milestone for India's space agency, ISRO. The then chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) G. Madhavan Nair on October 22, 2008, after the successful launch of India's first Lunar probe Chandrayaan-1 | AFP The mission successfully discovered the presence of water on the moon's surface and provided valuable insights into lunar geology. This was the first time water was found on the lunar surface. Learning from the failure India's Chandrayaan-2 mission encountered a setback in 2019 when the lander Vikram failed to achieve a soft landing on the moon's surface. However, from this failure, India learned valuable lessons that paved the way for future lunar explorations. The mission served as a catalyst for innovation, prompting the scientific community to analyse and rectify the challenges faced. This setback ignited a spirit of resilience and determination, driving the development of innovative solutions and improved mission preparedness. In fact, it's the orbiter of Chandrayan-2 which is providing key inputs in real-time to help its successor Chandrayaan-3 which is poised to land. Criticism and India's Priorities Critics of India's spend on space missions often question the allocation of resources in a country with pressing socio-economic challenges. However, it is important to note that India is one of the world's top economies, and its investments in space technology have yielded significant benefits. Spinoff technologies and direct advantages of Indian space forays are helping in sectors such as agriculture and defence. The leadership of the Indian Prime Minister India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi has played a pivotal role as a visionary leader. Under his leadership, India's space programme has flourished, with a keen focus on innovation, efficiency, and self-reliance. File photo of India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi with ISRO scientists | PTI PM Modi's unwavering support for ISRO and his endorsement of cost-effective space missions aligns with the nation's ethos of frugality, allowing India to achieve remarkable feats without burdening its economy. Moreover, PM Modi's emphasis on the practical applications of space technology in agriculture, disaster management, and national security underscores his commitment to harnessing space capabilities for the betterment of Indian society. The unforgiving environment of space Space is an unforgiving and challenging environment that demands innovation and resilience. Intense radiation, microgravity, and extreme temperatures necessitate technological advancements and rigorous preparation to ensure the success of space missions. Then there is space debris. Travelling at more than 24,000kmph, micrometre-sized particles can knock out an entire satellite. India's foray into space is not only about reaching the moon but also about gaining valuable knowledge and expertise to pioneer future missions. Chandrayaan's Multifaceted Objectives While the world fixates on the notion of landing on the moon, India's Chandrayaan orbiter has a broader scope. Apart from mapping the lunar surface, it aims to conduct experiments related to the moon's atmosphere, electromagnetic radiation, and even the search for exoplanets. This multifaceted approach expands our understanding of space and contributes to scientific advancements that reach far beyond our immediate lunar neighbour. India's Lunar Leap India's space missions, particularly Chandrayaan, carry the hopes and aspirations of over a billion people. They symbolise India's determination to push boundaries and be at the forefront of space exploration. ISRO operates on a shoestring budget, the Mars orbiter, Mangalyaan, had a price tag of $75 million, less than the cost of an average Hollywood blockbuster. Combined with indigenous technology, the multifaceted objectives of these missions showcase India's expertise and commitment to scientific advancement. As India continues its journey into the unknown, exploring the moon and beyond, it inspires and instils hope for a brighter future. I am reminded of a famous quote from India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as we stand on the cusp of India making cosmic history "A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new; when an age ends; and when the soul of a nation long suppressed finds utterance." (Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer.) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India's Space Odyssey: Pioneering new horizons and igniting hope

The Vikram lander of India's Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission achieved a safe soft-landing on the south pole of the Moon on Wednesday (Aug 23) evening at its scheduled time of 6:04 PM (Indian Standard Time). The Chandrayaan-3 space mission's historic success has made India the first country in the world to land a spacecraft on Moon's south pole, and fourth country to land on Moon overall.&nbsp;

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We have become the 1st country to go near the south pole of the Moon: P Veeramuthuvel, Project Director, <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan3</a> <a href="https://t.co/mG6zpLb2gB">pic.twitter.com/mG6zpLb2gB</a>
— WION (@WIONews) <a href="https://twitter.com/WIONews/status/1694336676229947739?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 23, 2023</a></blockquote>
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With Vikram lander on the Moon, the rover Pragyan will wait for the lunar dust to settle before beginning to traverse the lunar terrain with its rear wheels which will leave the <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-how-indias-chandrayaan-3-will-leave-imprints-of-isro-national-emblem-on-moon-616061">imprints of ISRO and India's national emblem</a> on lunar surface. For the world's most populous nation, a wave of anticipation that swept through its length and breadth&nbsp;since July 14 has achieved a glorious first conclusion.&nbsp;

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, <a href="https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1694327342070431785?s=20">in an address to the nation</a> from the site of BRICS summit in South Africa's Johannesburg, described India's lunar leap as the moment which rung the bell of a developed India.&nbsp;

"Some moments during the journey of a nation end up becoming the sign of its&nbsp;immortal consciousness. This is one such moment when we crossed the ocean of difficulties to walk on the victorious path of lunar surface," Modi said.&nbsp;

"It belongs to all of humanity," he added.&nbsp;

The description of Chandrayaan-3 space mission's Vikram Lander making a small bounce on lunar surface during its moments of achieving the soft landing on usually dark southern pole of Moon make it the finest moment of India's space programme till date.&nbsp;

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Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 
'India🇮🇳, 
I reached my destination 
and you too!' 
: Chandrayaan-3 
 
Chandrayaan-3 has successfully 
soft-landed on the moon 🌖!. 
 
Congratulations, India🇮🇳!<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan_3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan_3</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ch3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Ch3</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1694327198394863911?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 23, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Millions of Indians at home and abroad huddled around screens on Televisions, computers and smartphones as the world's fifth largest economy flexed its space muscles, stamping its name among the exceptional few of the world. &nbsp;

University auditoria across India were filled with youngsters witnessing the great heights achieved by their country's space programme.

The festivities swept through the nation, as sweets became the staple of celebration, tears became expressions of joy,&nbsp;and sound of crackers marked the historic moment for&nbsp;over a billion Indians. &nbsp;

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Sweets distributed at the Indian Embassy in Washington DC as <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan3</a> successfully lands on the Moon 
 
Track LIVE updates here: <a href="https://t.co/j90W3AZrxq">https://t.co/j90W3AZrxq</a> <a href="https://t.co/6aBuEAen2C">pic.twitter.com/6aBuEAen2C</a>
— WION (@WIONews) <a href="https://twitter.com/WIONews/status/1694330722407039401?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 23, 2023</a></blockquote>
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"This will fuel our passion for advancing space research and technology, and we eagerly anticipate the valuable insights this mission will contribute to our understanding of the lunar surface," said Dr Sanat K Biswas, Assistant Professor of Space Systems Laboratory at New Delhi's Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology,&nbsp;where a wave of tearful joy erupted across an&nbsp;auditorium as youngsters witnessed a moment for history books.&nbsp;<img alt="IITM | " data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="bf2005f8-cdaf-446d-93b3-acdb095e3188" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-08-23T200342.668.png" />

Students at Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology&nbsp;watched live as Vikram Lander of India's Chandrayaan- 3 space mission achieved safe landing on lunar surface

The institute was one among thousands across India that livestreamed the lunar landing on August 23.&nbsp;

The humble beginnings of India's space odyssey, symbolised within the image of the nose cone of an Indian rocket being transported on a bicycle to a launch site in Thumba in southern India's Kerala state in the 1970s, have now leapt into the aspirations of India's space scientists to simply reach for the stars.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-what-makes-moons-south-pole-so-fascinating-614772">Chandrayaan-3: What makes Moon's south pole so fascinating?</a>

Chandrayaan-3 was launched into space from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh state's Sriharikota on July 14, 2023.

The mission&nbsp;orbited Earth several times to build up the necessary speed for its journey.

After Wednesday’s successful landing, rover Pragyan will now explore the surface of the relatively unmapped lunar south pole and transmit data to Earth over its two-week lifespan.

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The Vikram lander of India's Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission achieved a safe soft-landing on the south pole of the Moon on Wednesday (Aug 23) evening at its scheduled time of 6:04 PM (Indian Standard Time).

The Vikram lander of India's Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission achieved a safe soft-landing on the south pole of the Moon on Wednesday (Aug 23) evening at its scheduled time of 6:04 PM (Indian Standard Time). The Chandrayaan-3 space mission's historic success has made India the first country in the world to land a spacecraft on Moon's south pole, and fourth country to land on Moon overall. We have become the 1st country to go near the south pole of the Moon: P Veeramuthuvel, Project Director, #Chandrayaan3 pic.twitter.com/mG6zpLb2gB — WION (@WIONews) August 23, 2023 × With Vikram lander on the Moon, the rover Pragyan will wait for the lunar dust to settle before beginning to traverse the lunar terrain with its rear wheels which will leave the imprints of ISRO and India's national emblem on lunar surface. For the world's most populous nation, a wave of anticipation that swept through its length and breadth since July 14 has achieved a glorious first conclusion. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in an address to the nation from the site of BRICS summit in South Africa's Johannesburg, described India's lunar leap as the moment which rung the bell of a developed India. "Some moments during the journey of a nation end up becoming the sign of its immortal consciousness. This is one such moment when we crossed the ocean of difficulties to walk on the victorious path of lunar surface," Modi said. "It belongs to all of humanity," he added. The description of Chandrayaan-3 space mission's Vikram Lander making a small bounce on lunar surface during its moments of achieving the soft landing on usually dark southern pole of Moon make it the finest moment of India's space programme till date. Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 'India🇮🇳, I reached my destination and you too!' : Chandrayaan-3 Chandrayaan-3 has successfully soft-landed on the moon 🌖!. Congratulations, India🇮🇳!#Chandrayaan_3#Ch3 — ISRO (@isro) August 23, 2023 × Millions of Indians at home and abroad huddled around screens on Televisions, computers and smartphones as the world's fifth largest economy flexed its space muscles, stamping its name among the exceptional few of the world. University auditoria across India were filled with youngsters witnessing the great heights achieved by their country's space programme. The festivities swept through the nation, as sweets became the staple of celebration, tears became expressions of joy, and sound of crackers marked the historic moment for over a billion Indians. Sweets distributed at the Indian Embassy in Washington DC as #Chandrayaan3 successfully lands on the Moon Track LIVE updates here: https://t.co/j90W3AZrxq pic.twitter.com/6aBuEAen2C — WION (@WIONews) August 23, 2023 × "This will fuel our passion for advancing space research and technology, and we eagerly anticipate the valuable insights this mission will contribute to our understanding of the lunar surface," said Dr Sanat K Biswas, Assistant Professor of Space Systems Laboratory at New Delhi's Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, where a wave of tearful joy erupted across an auditorium as youngsters witnessed a moment for history books. Students at Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology watched live as Vikram Lander of India's Chandrayaan- 3 space mission achieved safe landing on lunar surface The institute was one among thousands across India that livestreamed the lunar landing on August 23. The humble beginnings of India's space odyssey, symbolised within the image of the nose cone of an Indian rocket being transported on a bicycle to a launch site in Thumba in southern India's Kerala state in the 1970s, have now leapt into the aspirations of India's space scientists to simply reach for the stars. Also read | Chandrayaan-3: What makes Moon's south pole so fascinating? Chandrayaan-3 was launched into space from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh state's Sriharikota on July 14, 2023. The mission orbited Earth several times to build up the necessary speed for its journey. After Wednesday’s successful landing, rover Pragyan will now explore the surface of the relatively unmapped lunar south pole and transmit data to Earth over its two-week lifespan. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3 is success: A soft landing for Vikram lander, giant leap for India's space odyssey

Presently, India hopes to win this week’s space race by being the first country to set foot on the moon’s south pole. The race is about science, politics of national pride, and a brand-new frontier: money.

India’s Chandrayaan-3 is scheduled to touch down on the lunar south pole on Wednesday. Analysts and businesspeople anticipate a quick boost for the nation’s fledgling space industry if it is successful.

Before the lander plummeted from orbit and likely took with it the financing for a replacement mission, observers say, Russia’s Luna-25, which was launched less than two weeks ago, had been on pace to arrive first.

The unexpected race to reach a previously undiscovered area of the moon brings to mind the space race between the US and the USSR in the 1960s.

But now that space travel is a lucrative industry, the moon’s south pole is prized for the water ice that scientists believe could one day support a lunar colony, mining operations, and eventually journeys to Mars.

With the help of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has privatised space launches and is attempting to attract international investment as it aims to grow its market share in the launch industry five-fold over the course of the next ten years.

Analysts predict that India’s space industry will benefit from its reputation for cost-effective engineering if Chandrayaan-3 is a success. Only about $74 million was allocated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for the project.

The inspector general of the US space agency has calculated that NASA is on schedule to spend nearly $93 billion on its Artemis lunar plan through 2025.

“The moment this mission is successful, it raises the profile of everyone associated with it,” said Ajey Lele, a consultant with the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses in New Delhi.

Russia’s setback &nbsp;

Russia was able to launch a moonshot despite sanctions from the West over its involvement in the Ukraine War and growing isolation. However, some authorities question its capacity to support a Luna-25 replacement. The amount Russia spent on the expedition is unknown.

According to Moscow-based author and independent space specialist Vadim Lukashevich, the exploration costs are consistently decreasing annually.

A replication of Luna-25 is “extremely unlikely” given Russia’s budget priorities, he continued.

Prior to 2021, when it said it would collaborate with China on its moon plan, Russia had been considering a position in NASA’s Artemis programme. Little data about the attempt has been made public.

2019 saw China’s first-ever soft landing on the moon’s far side, while the country has additional missions in progress. According to space research company Euroconsult, China will invest $12 billion in its space project in 2022.

NASA’s strategy guide&nbsp;

According to officials, NASA has provided the blueprint that India is using by opening up to private funding.

For instance, SpaceX, run by Elon Musk, is creating the Starship rocket to carry NASA’s astronauts to the moon’s surface as part of a $3 billion contract.

In addition to that contract, Musk has stated that SpaceX will invest about $2 billion in Starship this year.

By the end of the year, or in 2024, lunar landers being constructed by the American space companies Astrobotic and Intuitive Machines (LUNR.O) are anticipated to be sent to the moon’s south pole.

Additionally, privately funded alternatives to the International Space Station are being created by businesses like Axiom Space and Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin. Axiom reported raising $350 million from Saudi and South Korean investors on Monday.

Space is still risky. India’s most recent moon mission failed in 2019, the same year an Israeli startup’s bid to make history by becoming the first privately funded moon mission also failed.

(With inputs from Reuters)

&nbsp;

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Presently, India hopes to win this week’s space race by being the first country to set foot on the moon’s south pole. The race is about science, politics of national pride, and a brand-new frontier: money.

Presently, India hopes to win this week’s space race by being the first country to set foot on the moon’s south pole. The race is about science, politics of national pride, and a brand-new frontier: money. India’s Chandrayaan-3 is scheduled to touch down on the lunar south pole on Wednesday. Analysts and businesspeople anticipate a quick boost for the nation’s fledgling space industry if it is successful. Before the lander plummeted from orbit and likely took with it the financing for a replacement mission, observers say, Russia’s Luna-25, which was launched less than two weeks ago, had been on pace to arrive first. The unexpected race to reach a previously undiscovered area of the moon brings to mind the space race between the US and the USSR in the 1960s. But now that space travel is a lucrative industry, the moon’s south pole is prized for the water ice that scientists believe could one day support a lunar colony, mining operations, and eventually journeys to Mars. With the help of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has privatised space launches and is attempting to attract international investment as it aims to grow its market share in the launch industry five-fold over the course of the next ten years. Analysts predict that India’s space industry will benefit from its reputation for cost-effective engineering if Chandrayaan-3 is a success. Only about $74 million was allocated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for the project. The inspector general of the US space agency has calculated that NASA is on schedule to spend nearly $93 billion on its Artemis lunar plan through 2025. “The moment this mission is successful, it raises the profile of everyone associated with it,” said Ajey Lele, a consultant with the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses in New Delhi. Russia’s setback Russia was able to launch a moonshot despite sanctions from the West over its involvement in the Ukraine War and growing isolation. However, some authorities question its capacity to support a Luna-25 replacement. The amount Russia spent on the expedition is unknown. According to Moscow-based author and independent space specialist Vadim Lukashevich, the exploration costs are consistently decreasing annually. A replication of Luna-25 is “extremely unlikely” given Russia’s budget priorities, he continued. Prior to 2021, when it said it would collaborate with China on its moon plan, Russia had been considering a position in NASA’s Artemis programme. Little data about the attempt has been made public. 2019 saw China’s first-ever soft landing on the moon’s far side, while the country has additional missions in progress. According to space research company Euroconsult, China will invest $12 billion in its space project in 2022. NASA’s strategy guide According to officials, NASA has provided the blueprint that India is using by opening up to private funding. For instance, SpaceX, run by Elon Musk, is creating the Starship rocket to carry NASA’s astronauts to the moon’s surface as part of a $3 billion contract. In addition to that contract, Musk has stated that SpaceX will invest about $2 billion in Starship this year. By the end of the year, or in 2024, lunar landers being constructed by the American space companies Astrobotic and Intuitive Machines (LUNR.O) are anticipated to be sent to the moon’s south pole. Additionally, privately funded alternatives to the International Space Station are being created by businesses like Axiom Space and Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin. Axiom reported raising $350 million from Saudi and South Korean investors on Monday. Space is still risky. India’s most recent moon mission failed in 2019, the same year an Israeli startup’s bid to make history by becoming the first privately funded moon mission also failed. (With inputs from Reuters) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

How the money is influencing a new space race with India’s boom and Russia’s crunch 

Churning out top scientific talent for 11 years, the government-run Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) in Kerala’s Thiruvananthapuram has contributed more than 1,300 scientists and engineers to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).&nbsp;

Functioning as an autonomous body under the Department of Space, Government of India, IIST is the first of its kind in the country and offers high-quality education at the undergraduate, graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral levels in areas with a special focus on space sciences, space technology and space applications.

Stepping into its 16th year, the IIST held its 11th Convocation on Friday (August 18).

On Friday, a total of 275 students conferred their degrees at the Institute, which comprises B.Tech, M.Tech and PhDs. The Convocation was presided over by top officials from the Indian space sector – Dr. B N Suresh, Chancellor, IIST, Dr. K Radhakrishnan, Member Space Commission and former Chairman ISRO, Dr. S Somanath, Chairman ISRO, Dr. V Narayanan, Director ISRO, LPSC, Dr. S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director IIST&amp;VSSC, among others.&nbsp;

Speaking at the event, Chairman ISRO, Dr. S. Somanath highlighted the top priorities of ISRO – reliably increase the throughput of production of rockets and satellites to meet market demand;&nbsp;reduce the cost of access to space;&nbsp;work on re-usable vertical take-off and landing rockets;&nbsp;build intelligent rockets and satellites; build more powerful rockets based on methane-liquid oxygen engines; and build multi-purpose spacecraft with miniaturised electronics and advanced technology.&nbsp;

He also touched upon the role of IIST in fostering the research and development culture in ISRO and transitioning the space agency to perform more technology development activities aimed at the future. “IIST is an integral part of ISRO and is the research canvas of ISRO” he urged the students and faculty to use the ISRO labs and centres for their research work.&nbsp;

As part of its International partnerships, IIST collaborates with the California Institute of Technology, the University of Colorado, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, the University of Surrey (UK), Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Institute of Astronomy – University of Cambridge, Niigata University Japan and ISAE-SUPAERO France.&nbsp;

The main objectives of collaboration through the MoU mode is to provide for an exchange of students and faculty; initiate joint research on mutually accepted areas; and provide fellowships for training and research at doctoral and post-doctoral levels. 
 
Addressing the graduating students, Dr. K. Radhakrishnan, former chairman of ISRO, shared his vision that IIST alumni must help ISRO leap forward and harness the resources of the Moon and Mars and help India play an active role in the interplanetary society that is expected to take shape by 2047.&nbsp;

Sharing the IIT model of industry-academia collaboration, he pointed out how industry experts with 15 years or more experience could join academia and teach there by taking us the role of Professor of Practice. Likewise, those who are in academia as professors or assistant professors could also take up roles in related industries as a vice-president or general manager and contribute to that sector.

Referring to how 80 per cent of medical equipment in use in India is being imported, he urged the students to use the know-how and know-why of the space medicine and medical engineering aspects of India’s astronaut mission ‘Gaganyaan,’ for the benefit of the common man.&nbsp; 
 
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Churning out top scientific talent for 11 years, the government-run Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) in Kerala’s Thiruvananthapuram has contributed more than 1,300 scientists and engineers to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Churning out top scientific talent for 11 years, the government-run Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) in Kerala’s Thiruvananthapuram has contributed more than 1,300 scientists and engineers to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Functioning as an autonomous body under the Department of Space, Government of India, IIST is the first of its kind in the country and offers high-quality education at the undergraduate, graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral levels in areas with a special focus on space sciences, space technology and space applications. Stepping into its 16th year, the IIST held its 11th Convocation on Friday (August 18). On Friday, a total of 275 students conferred their degrees at the Institute, which comprises B.Tech, M.Tech and PhDs. The Convocation was presided over by top officials from the Indian space sector – Dr. B N Suresh, Chancellor, IIST, Dr. K Radhakrishnan, Member Space Commission and former Chairman ISRO, Dr. S Somanath, Chairman ISRO, Dr. V Narayanan, Director ISRO, LPSC, Dr. S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director IIST&VSSC, among others. Speaking at the event, Chairman ISRO, Dr. S. Somanath highlighted the top priorities of ISRO – reliably increase the throughput of production of rockets and satellites to meet market demand; reduce the cost of access to space; work on re-usable vertical take-off and landing rockets; build intelligent rockets and satellites; build more powerful rockets based on methane-liquid oxygen engines; and build multi-purpose spacecraft with miniaturised electronics and advanced technology. He also touched upon the role of IIST in fostering the research and development culture in ISRO and transitioning the space agency to perform more technology development activities aimed at the future. “IIST is an integral part of ISRO and is the research canvas of ISRO” he urged the students and faculty to use the ISRO labs and centres for their research work. As part of its International partnerships, IIST collaborates with the California Institute of Technology, the University of Colorado, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, the University of Surrey (UK), Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Institute of Astronomy – University of Cambridge, Niigata University Japan and ISAE-SUPAERO France. The main objectives of collaboration through the MoU mode is to provide for an exchange of students and faculty; initiate joint research on mutually accepted areas; and provide fellowships for training and research at doctoral and post-doctoral levels. Addressing the graduating students, Dr. K. Radhakrishnan, former chairman of ISRO, shared his vision that IIST alumni must help ISRO leap forward and harness the resources of the Moon and Mars and help India play an active role in the interplanetary society that is expected to take shape by 2047. Sharing the IIT model of industry-academia collaboration, he pointed out how industry experts with 15 years or more experience could join academia and teach there by taking us the role of Professor of Practice. Likewise, those who are in academia as professors or assistant professors could also take up roles in related industries as a vice-president or general manager and contribute to that sector. Referring to how 80 per cent of medical equipment in use in India is being imported, he urged the students to use the know-how and know-why of the space medicine and medical engineering aspects of India’s astronaut mission ‘Gaganyaan,’ for the benefit of the common man. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India: In 11 years, more than 1,300 graduates from govt-run IIST have joined ISRO

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is all set to make history as it looks forward to attempting a successful soft landing on the moon on August 23 under its Chandrayaan-3 mission.

Earlier, the spacecraft performed a successful separation of Vikram lander from the propulsion module on August 17.

Meanwhile, the Indian space agency on Friday (August 18) released new stunning images of the moon captured by the Vikram lander between August 15 and 17. It also shared a video filmed just after the separation of the lander and the propulsion module. Take a look!

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Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 
 
🌖 as captured by the 
Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC) 
on August 15, 2023<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan_3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan_3</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ch3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Ch3</a> <a href="https://t.co/nGgayU1QUS">pic.twitter.com/nGgayU1QUS</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1692474762369626329?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 18, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 
 
View from the Lander Imager (LI) Camera-1 
on August 17, 2023 
just after the separation of the Lander Module from the Propulsion Module <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan_3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan_3</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ch3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Ch3</a> <a href="https://t.co/abPIyEn1Ad">pic.twitter.com/abPIyEn1Ad</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1692476417093890282?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 18, 2023</a></blockquote>
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ISRO said these images were taken by the Lander Position Detection Camera.

<h2>Biggest challenge for ISRO</h2>

ISRO Chairperson S Somanath said that the next biggest challenge for ISRO would be to change the direction of the lander. He mentioned that the initial velocity during the landing process is approximately 1.68 km per second, but this speed runs parallel to the moon's surface.&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is currently tilted at almost a 90-degree angle and needs to transition to a vertical position.

The ISRO chief referred to this manoeuvre as the most important step in the landing attempt.

<h2>First de-boosting procedure initiated</h2>

On Friday, August 18,&nbsp;at around 4 PM IST, the lander module started 'deboosting'. Deboosting involves decelerating to establish an orbit where the nearest point to the Moon (Perilune) is 30 km and the farthest point (Apolune) is 100 km.

Watch:&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3: Challenges ahead of Vikram lander's solo journey to the Moon

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From Chandrayaan-3 to Russia’s Luna-25 mission and Artemis II, global interest in lunar exploration is growing.&nbsp;

<h2>Why space powers are interested in exploring the moon?</h2>

The first confirmation of lunar water came in 2008, detected by India's Chandrayaan-1 mission. The mission detected hydroxyl molecules across the lunar surface and concentrated near the poles. Water is vital for human life and a potential source of hydrogen and oxygen, crucial for rocket fuel.

Furthermore, Helium-3, a rare isotope on Earth, is estimated to exist in about a million tonnes on the moon. It could offer nuclear fusion energy without radioactive waste, as suggested by the European Space Agency.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-just-a-week-away-from-lunar-soft-landing-625932">Also read:&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3 just a week away from lunar soft landing</a>

Also, valuable rare earth metals, essential for electronics and advanced technologies (like smartphones and computers), are present on the moon, including scandium, yttrium, and the 15 lanthanides. So, further exploration could pave the way for resource mining on the moon.

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Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is all set to make history as it looks forward to attempting a successful soft landing on the moon on August 23 under its Chandrayaan-3 mission.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is all set to make history as it looks forward to attempting a successful soft landing on the moon on August 23 under its Chandrayaan-3 mission. Earlier, the spacecraft performed a successful separation of Vikram lander from the propulsion module on August 17. Meanwhile, the Indian space agency on Friday (August 18) released new stunning images of the moon captured by the Vikram lander between August 15 and 17. It also shared a video filmed just after the separation of the lander and the propulsion module. Take a look! Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 🌖 as captured by the Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC) on August 15, 2023#Chandrayaan_3#Ch3 pic.twitter.com/nGgayU1QUS — ISRO (@isro) August 18, 2023 × Chandrayaan-3 Mission: View from the Lander Imager (LI) Camera-1 on August 17, 2023 just after the separation of the Lander Module from the Propulsion Module #Chandrayaan_3 #Ch3 pic.twitter.com/abPIyEn1Ad — ISRO (@isro) August 18, 2023 × ISRO said these images were taken by the Lander Position Detection Camera. Biggest challenge for ISRO ISRO Chairperson S Somanath said that the next biggest challenge for ISRO would be to change the direction of the lander. He mentioned that the initial velocity during the landing process is approximately 1.68 km per second, but this speed runs parallel to the moon's surface. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is currently tilted at almost a 90-degree angle and needs to transition to a vertical position. The ISRO chief referred to this manoeuvre as the most important step in the landing attempt. First de-boosting procedure initiated On Friday, August 18, at around 4 PM IST, the lander module started 'deboosting'. Deboosting involves decelerating to establish an orbit where the nearest point to the Moon (Perilune) is 30 km and the farthest point (Apolune) is 100 km. Watch: Chandrayaan-3: Challenges ahead of Vikram lander's solo journey to the Moon × From Chandrayaan-3 to Russia’s Luna-25 mission and Artemis II, global interest in lunar exploration is growing. Why space powers are interested in exploring the moon? The first confirmation of lunar water came in 2008, detected by India's Chandrayaan-1 mission. The mission detected hydroxyl molecules across the lunar surface and concentrated near the poles. Water is vital for human life and a potential source of hydrogen and oxygen, crucial for rocket fuel. Furthermore, Helium-3, a rare isotope on Earth, is estimated to exist in about a million tonnes on the moon. It could offer nuclear fusion energy without radioactive waste, as suggested by the European Space Agency. Also read: Chandrayaan-3 just a week away from lunar soft landing Also, valuable rare earth metals, essential for electronics and advanced technologies (like smartphones and computers), are present on the moon, including scandium, yttrium, and the 15 lanthanides. So, further exploration could pave the way for resource mining on the moon. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Chandrayaan-3: ISRO releases close-up images of moon, deboosting procedure initiated

There are five days to go for the historic Lunar soft-landing attempt of India's Chandrayaan-3. Once accomplished, India would be the fourth nation to soft-land a craft on the Lunar surface.

There are five days to go for the historic Lunar soft-landing attempt of India's Chandrayaan-3. Once accomplished, India would be the fourth nation to soft-land a craft on the Lunar surface. Sharing his resounding optimism about the same, Dr S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of ISRO's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, echoed the anticipation of the nation, as it awaits the historic touchdown of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft on the Lunar surface. Conveying his wishes to the ISRO fraternity for the big moment, Dr Nair said, "For a feather-like landing of Chandrayaan-3, on August 23rd, in the evening...". "Feather-like #lunar soft landing for #Chandrayaan3.." says #isro VSSC Director Dr. S. Unnikrishnan Nair This indicates the optimism among #indian #space #science fraternity, that #india will be the 4th nation to soft-land on d #moon #tech 5 days to go for D-Day #Chandrayaan pic.twitter.com/BSu2K4W4xA — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) August 18, 2023 × Dr Nair was addressing the 11th convocation of the Government-run Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, where he serves as the director. On Friday, the institute conferred degrees on a total of 275 students of B.Tech, M.Tech and PhD. The convocation was presided over by top officials from the Indian space sector — Dr B N Suresh, Chancellor, IIST, Dr K Radhakrishnan, Member Space Commission & former Chairman ISRO, Dr S Somanath, Chairman ISRO, Dr V Narayanan, Director ISRO, LPSC among others. IIST is the first of its kind in the country to offer high-quality education at the undergraduate, graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral levels in areas with a special focus on space sciences, space technology and space applications. "Together, we stand on the precipice of scientific achievement, united in the pursuit of knowledge and exploration... In that, may our nation's development thrive," Dr Nair said at the convocation. On Thursday, 17 August, after completing a 33-day journey in transit in space, the integrated Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft separated into two parts - the propulsion module (PM) and the lander module (LM). While the PM will continue to orbit the moon, the LM will gradually de-boost, lower its orbit around the moon and prepare for the lunar landing, planned for 23rd August, around 5:47pm IST. Meanwhile, Russia's Luna-25 spacecraft is also attempting to soft-land on the moon, between 21st and 23rd August. While the erstwhile Soviet Union performed multiple unmanned lunar fly-bys and succeeded in lunar landing and exploration missions, Luna-25 will be the first for Russia. India's Chandrayaan-3 and Russia's Luna are targeting to land near the Lunar south pole, an unexplored and highly-cratered region that could potentially hold deposits of water ice and offer insights into the origin and evolution of the moon. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3: ISRO director expresses optimism, says it will be ‘feather-like’ soft-landing

After 47 years, Russia is&nbsp;gearing up for its&nbsp;first lunar landing mission,&nbsp;Luna-25, which is nearing the moon. The mission comes at a time when Chandrayaan-3’s landing date is also approaching. Its arrival on the moon's surface could happen in a timeframe that is nearly identical to Chandrayaan-3's or even slightly faster.&nbsp;

As Chandrayaan-3 continues to draw closer to its targeted lunar touchdown, another contender in lunar exploration, Luna-25, the Russian lunar mission launched just last week, has successfully entered lunar orbit and is gearing up for a soft landing attempt on the lunar surface between August 21 and 23. This timing potentially positions Luna-25 ahead of Chandrayaan-3's planned touchdown on August 23.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india76-the-effect-of-jay-prakash-narayan-movement-623859">India Independence: The effect of Jay Prakash Narayan movement on the nation</a>

<h2>When will Russia's Luna-25 land on the moon?</h2>

The launch happened from Russia's spaceport, Vostochny Cosmodrome, 3,450 miles (5,550 km) east of Moscow and was to take considerably less time than India's Chandrayaan-3.&nbsp;

The Russian space agency Roscosmos has told Reuters that its Luna-25 spacecraft would take five days to fly to the moon and then spend five to seven days in lunar orbit before descending on one of the three possible landing sites near the pole.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indian-govt-to-investigate-enigmatic-havana-syndrome-after-startling-incident-in-delhi-623826">Indian govt to investigate enigmatic Havana Syndrome after startling incident in Delhi</a>

Earlier on August 8, ISRO chairman S Somanath said that Vikram, the lander of India’s third lunar mission Chandrayaan-3, will be able to make a soft landing on the Moon's surface on August 23 even if all the sensors and two of its engines do not work.

<h2>Will the two lunar missions get in each other’s way?</h2>

Roscosmos has said that the two missions would not get in each other's way because they have different landing areas planned, Reuters has reported. "There is no danger that they interfere with each other or collide. There is enough space for everyone on the moon," it said as quoted by Reuters.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indias-chandrayaan-3-performs-second-lunar-orbit-reduction-623852">India's Chandrayaan-3 performs second Lunar orbit reduction</a>

India's Chandrayaan-3 is due to run experiments for two weeks while Luna-25 will work on the moon for a year. With a mass of 1.8 tonnes&nbsp;and carrying 31 kg (68 pounds) of scientific equipment, Luna-25 will use a scoop to take rock samples from a depth of up to 15 cm (6 inches) to test for the presence of frozen water that could support human life.

Originally scheduled for October 2021, Luna-25's launch was postponed by over two years. The European Space Agency (ESA) intended to test its Pilot-D guidance camera by mounting it to Luna-25. However, after Russia invaded Ukraine in February of last year, the ESA severed its ties to the project. 
 
(With inputs from agencies) 
 
&nbsp;

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After 47 years, Russia is gearing up for its first lunar landing mission, Luna-25, which is nearing the moon. The mission comes at a time when Chandrayaan-3’s landing date is also approaching.

After 47 years, Russia is gearing up for its first lunar landing mission, Luna-25, which is nearing the moon. The mission comes at a time when Chandrayaan-3’s landing date is also approaching. Its arrival on the moon's surface could happen in a timeframe that is nearly identical to Chandrayaan-3's or even slightly faster. As Chandrayaan-3 continues to draw closer to its targeted lunar touchdown, another contender in lunar exploration, Luna-25, the Russian lunar mission launched just last week, has successfully entered lunar orbit and is gearing up for a soft landing attempt on the lunar surface between August 21 and 23. This timing potentially positions Luna-25 ahead of Chandrayaan-3's planned touchdown on August 23. Also Read | India Independence: The effect of Jay Prakash Narayan movement on the nation When will Russia's Luna-25 land on the moon? The launch happened from Russia's spaceport, Vostochny Cosmodrome, 3,450 miles (5,550 km) east of Moscow and was to take considerably less time than India's Chandrayaan-3. The Russian space agency Roscosmos has told Reuters that its Luna-25 spacecraft would take five days to fly to the moon and then spend five to seven days in lunar orbit before descending on one of the three possible landing sites near the pole. Also Read | Indian govt to investigate enigmatic Havana Syndrome after startling incident in Delhi Earlier on August 8, ISRO chairman S Somanath said that Vikram, the lander of India’s third lunar mission Chandrayaan-3, will be able to make a soft landing on the Moon's surface on August 23 even if all the sensors and two of its engines do not work. Will the two lunar missions get in each other’s way? Roscosmos has said that the two missions would not get in each other's way because they have different landing areas planned, Reuters has reported. "There is no danger that they interfere with each other or collide. There is enough space for everyone on the moon," it said as quoted by Reuters. Also Read | India's Chandrayaan-3 performs second Lunar orbit reduction India's Chandrayaan-3 is due to run experiments for two weeks while Luna-25 will work on the moon for a year. With a mass of 1.8 tonnes and carrying 31 kg (68 pounds) of scientific equipment, Luna-25 will use a scoop to take rock samples from a depth of up to 15 cm (6 inches) to test for the presence of frozen water that could support human life. Originally scheduled for October 2021, Luna-25's launch was postponed by over two years. The European Space Agency (ESA) intended to test its Pilot-D guidance camera by mounting it to Luna-25. However, after Russia invaded Ukraine in February of last year, the ESA severed its ties to the project. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3 vs Russia's Luna-25: Will the two lunar missions get in each other’s way?

India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has moved closer to the moon after performing its third lunar orbit reduction. This means that the craft has been gradually moved from a highly-elliptical orbit (174 km x 1437 km) to a near-circular orbit (150km x 177km) around the Moon.

India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has moved closer to the moon after performing its third lunar orbit reduction. This means that the craft has been gradually moved from a highly-elliptical orbit (174 km x 1437 km) to a near-circular orbit (150km x 177km) around the Moon. In an elliptical orbit, there is a huge difference between the craft's nearest point to the moon (perilune) and farthest point to the moon (apolune). In a near-circular orbit, there is a very minor difference between perilune and apolune. "Orbit circularisation phase commences. Precise maneuvre performed today has achieved a near-circular orbit of 150 km x 177 km. The next operation is planned for August 16, 2023, around 0830 hrs IST," ISRO posted on X, formerly known as Twitter. ISRO's next target is to bring the craft to a circular orbit where the craft is 100 km above the lunar surface. This is what ISRO calls the orbit circularisation phase. When this orbit is achieved, the spacecraft will be at a constant 100 km distance above the moon, at any period of time in that orbit. "When the craft is circling around the moon, a command is issued to re-orient the craft by 180 degrees. This re-orientation will ensure that the craft's engine(s) can be used as a brake. Such engine firings are known as retro-firings. In retro-firing, the engine is not pushing the craft forward. Instead, it is pushing the craft in a direction opposite to its original direction of movement and it will slow down the craft," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai, former director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, explained to WION. When the craft was circling the earth, commands were issued to fire the engines and push the craft further away from the earth (orbit-raising manoeuvres). In those cases, the engine was fired to propel the craft forward and impart more velocity to it. In retro-firing (opposite firing), the engine firing is done in an opposite direction, thereby reducing the velocity of the craft and lowering its orbit. These are the fundamental differences between orbit-raising manoeuvres and orbit-reduction manoeuvres. Also read: ISRO releases video of the moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 as it enters lunar orbit The journey so far Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14 from India's spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. 16 minutes after lift-off, the craft was placed in a highly elliptical orbit around the Earth. Thereafter, by performing five engine burns on as many occasions, the craft gradually raised its orbit and slingshot itself further away from Earth, while continuing to remain in the home planet's orbit. On the intervening night of July 31 and August 1, Chandrayaan-3 performed its Trans-Lunar injection burn. By this long-duration firing of its engines, the craft was pushed out of Earth's gravitational influence and hurled towards lunar gravitational influence. On August 6, the spacecraft performed its maiden Lunar orbit reduction manoeuvre. The second Lunar orbit reduction happened on August 9. Watch | Chandrayaan-3 now within moon's gravitational orbit | India | ISRO × The journey that lies ahead ISRO has said that the fourth orbit reduction manoeuvre is scheduled for 8:30 am IST, August 16. "At the time of the lander separating from the propulsion module, the craft will be in a 100 km x100 km orbit. Many systems that are required to work for landing will be utilised and tested at that point. The craft will be in the orbital phase for 4-5 days," Dr M. Sankaran, director of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, told WION. "So, we will carry out tests of the various systems. Four 800N throttleable engines (that are meant to help in slowing down the craft for landing) have to be test fired in different combinations, sensors on the lander will be oriented towards the propulsion module and tested for various performance parameters by getting a reflection back from it." By the time the engine testing is complete, the craft will be brought to a 100 km x 30 km orbit, he added. Also read | ISRO releases majestic images of Earth and Moon captured by Chandrayaan-3 Thereafter, a process of Rough braking, Attitude hold, fine braking, and velocity reduction would be carried out in the run-up to the lunar landing. ISRO has planned the Lunar landing at 5:47 pm IST on August 23. ISRO Chairman Dr S Somnath has assured that the Vikram lander will be able to make a soft landing on the Moon's surface, come August 23. He added that the landing is certain even if all the sensors and two of its engines do not work. The Vikram lander is expected to descend on the moon on August 23. "If everything fails, if all the sensors fail, nothing works, still it (Vikram) will make a landing. That's how it has been designed -- provided that the propulsion system works well," Somnath said. Objectives of Chandrayaan-3 India's third lunar spacecraft comprises a propulsion module, lander and rover. The combined mass of them is 3.9 tonnes. The key goal of the craft is to perform a lunar soft-landing and perform in-situ analysis near 70 degrees latitude of the Lunar surface. The mission is expected to last 14 Earth days or one lunar day, during which the six-wheeled rover and the lander will perform their respective experiments. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Explained | Chandrayaan-3 is just 150km above lunar surface. What does it mean?

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