Antarctica is missing an astonishing amount of sea ice, with losses comparable to the size of France. Scientists are particularly concerned about the Bellingshausen Sea, where winter ice has failed to form as expected. The development is raising fresh questions about the pace of climate change and the stability of Earth's polar regions. As the frozen continent struggles to recover, researchers warn that the impacts could extend far beyond Antarctica, influencing weather patterns, ocean currents, and global sea levels.


Antarctica Loses Sea Ice the Size of France

For decades, the Southern Ocean, which wraps around Antartica, has absorbed extraordinary amounts of excess warming, over 90 per cent of the planet’s heat, and a quarter of human-generated CO₂. Scientists now warn that this vast reservoir may not remain contained. New modelling published in AGU Advances suggests the ocean could abruptly release the stored warmth in what researchers describe as a climatic 'burp', triggering a renewed rise in global temperatures even after humanity succeeds in cutting emissions. Such a release could keep warming alive for more than a hundred years and emerge only after global cooling has begun.&nbsp;According to Daily Galaxy, the model shows that this heat release would not unfold gradually. Instead, after several centuries of net-negative emissions, during which carbon is removed from the atmosphere and global temperatures steadily fall, the Southern Ocean could suddenly overturn, sending long-buried heat to the surface. The resulting warming would be comparable to rates driven by human activity today.&nbsp;

The ‘burp’ is marked by gray shading

&nbsp;<h2>&nbsp;</h2><h2>&nbsp;</h2><h2>How a Heat ‘Burp’ Forms</h2> The mechanism behind this potential surge lies in the ocean’s structure. As described by the study and reported by Phys.org, the Southern Ocean becomes colder and saltier at the surface as new sea ice forms; the freezing process rejects salt into surrounding waters, making the surface layer denser. Warm water, however, remains trapped at depth. Over time, this imbalance destabilises the water column. Phys.org, quoting Svenja Frey of the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre, wrote, "At some point, the water column becomes unstable, and that's when we have the deep convection event", effectively allowing the deep heat to rise rapidly. The study finds that the resulting warming pulse would be strongest and longest-lasting in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly affecting countries in the global south. While some CO₂ may also be released, Daily Galaxy notes that the primary impact is thermal, not chemical.&nbsp;<h2>Implications for Future Climate Strategy</h2> The scenario remains a projection, not a certainty, yet scientists view it as a crucial insight into long-term climate behaviour. Climate researcher Kirsten Zickfeld, according to Phys.org emphasises that Earth’s response to net-negative emissions is poorly understood and may involve 'surprises', including feedbacks like this one. Importantly, overall temperatures still fall in the model, just not smoothly. "To be clear, in this scenario, removing atmospheric carbon significantly reduces global temperatures, even factoring in the burp. And the faster we move away from fossil fuels, the less CO2 we'll have to remove down the line", says live science.com.&nbsp;Ric Williams of the University of Liverpool emphasised that negative emissions remain beneficial but argued that 'rather than do negative emissions, it's better not to do the positive emissions in the first place', according to LiveScience.com.&nbsp; &nbsp;

The mechanism behind this potential surge lies in the ocean’s structure. As described by the study, the Southern Ocean becomes colder and saltier at the surface as new sea ice forms; the freezing process rejects salt into surrounding waters, making the surface layer denser.

For decades, the Southern Ocean, which wraps around Antartica, has absorbed extraordinary amounts of excess warming, over 90 per cent of the planet’s heat, and a quarter of human-generated CO₂. Scientists now warn that this vast reservoir may not remain contained. New modelling published in AGU Advances suggests the ocean could abruptly release the stored warmth in what researchers describe as a climatic 'burp', triggering a renewed rise in global temperatures even after humanity succeeds in cutting emissions. Such a release could keep warming alive for more than a hundred years and emerge only after global cooling has begun. According to Daily Galaxy, the model shows that this heat release would not unfold gradually. Instead, after several centuries of net-negative emissions, during which carbon is removed from the atmosphere and global temperatures steadily fall, the Southern Ocean could suddenly overturn, sending long-buried heat to the surface. The resulting warming would be comparable to rates driven by human activity today.

The mechanism behind this potential surge lies in the ocean’s structure. As described by the study, the Southern Ocean becomes colder and saltier at the surface as new sea ice forms; the freezing process rejects salt into surrounding waters, making the surface layer denser.

Scientists warn Antarctica’s Southern Ocean is building up a massive thermal ‘burp’

'Polynya effect': Scientists discover Switzerland-sized hole in the middle of Antarctica

Unusual open water in Antarctica

What is a Polynya?

Role of Ekman transport

Maud rise Seamount’s impact

Impact of extratropical storms

Strengthened ocean currents

Global implications

A large ice-free area appeared above Maud Rise in the Southern Ocean and remained open for several weeks. Known as a polynya, this gap in the sea ice has drawn global scientific attention due to its size, location, and persistence during winter.

A new study has uncovered a concerning tipping point that could accelerate the melting of Antarctic ice sheets and lead to greater sea level rise than currently projected.

The research, published in the journal Nature Geoscience, found that warm ocean water seeping beneath the ice sheets can trigger a feedback loop of runaway melting.

The study explained that as ocean temperatures rise due to climate change, the warm water can intrude between the ice sheets and the underlying ground.

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This creates cavities that allow more warm water to flow in, further melting the ice and expanding the cavities in a self-reinforcing cycle.

"Every 10th of a degree (of warming) makes these kind of processes closer, these tipping points closer," said lead author, Dr Alexander Bradley from the British Antarctic Survey.

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The researchers warn that this newly identified melting mechanism could mean that current projections of sea level rise are significant underestimates.

<h2>Urgent climate action needed&nbsp;</h2>

The study highlighted certain vulnerable areas of Antarctica, such as the Pine Island Glacier, that are at high risk of this accelerated melting due to their topography.

"Increases in ocean temperature can lead to a tipping point being passed, beyond which ocean water intrudes in an unbounded manner beneath the ice sheet, via a process of runaway melting," the study stated.

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While the exact timing of when this tipping point could be reached remains uncertain, the researchers stressed the urgency of curbing fossil fuel emissions to prevent crossing this critical threshold.

Integrating this new understanding of seawater intrusion into ice sheet models is crucial to better anticipate the potential impacts on sea level rise in the coming decades and centuries.

"It really just stresses the need for urgent climate action in order to prevent these tipping points from being passed," Bradley emphasised.

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has uncovered a concerning tipping point that could accelerate the melting of Antarctic ice sheets and lead to greater sea level rise than currently projected.

A new study has uncovered a concerning tipping point that could accelerate the melting of Antarctic ice sheets and lead to greater sea level rise than currently projected. The research, published in the journal Nature Geoscience, found that warm ocean water seeping beneath the ice sheets can trigger a feedback loop of runaway melting. The study explained that as ocean temperatures rise due to climate change, the warm water can intrude between the ice sheets and the underlying ground. Also Read | Volcanic eruptions on Iceland's Reykjanes peninsula could continue for decades: Study This creates cavities that allow more warm water to flow in, further melting the ice and expanding the cavities in a self-reinforcing cycle. "Every 10th of a degree (of warming) makes these kind of processes closer, these tipping points closer," said lead author, Dr Alexander Bradley from the British Antarctic Survey. Also Read | Is the wind on Earth being controlled by currents at the edge of space? Study hints so The researchers warn that this newly identified melting mechanism could mean that current projections of sea level rise are significant underestimates. Urgent climate action needed The study highlighted certain vulnerable areas of Antarctica, such as the Pine Island Glacier, that are at high risk of this accelerated melting due to their topography. "Increases in ocean temperature can lead to a tipping point being passed, beyond which ocean water intrudes in an unbounded manner beneath the ice sheet, via a process of runaway melting," the study stated. Watch | Cancer rate in younger people rising sharply as per new research × While the exact timing of when this tipping point could be reached remains uncertain, the researchers stressed the urgency of curbing fossil fuel emissions to prevent crossing this critical threshold. Integrating this new understanding of seawater intrusion into ice sheet models is crucial to better anticipate the potential impacts on sea level rise in the coming decades and centuries. "It really just stresses the need for urgent climate action in order to prevent these tipping points from being passed," Bradley emphasised. (With inputs from agencies)

Alarming Antarctic ice melt tipping point found, raises fears of sea level rise

Pink sands washing up on South Australian beaches have revealed a hidden secret of Earth's ancient past. Scientists have uncovered evidence of an ancient mountain range buried under the Antarctic ice, thanks to the discovery of a mineral called garnet at Petrel Cove.

The pink sands first appeared on the remote beach, intriguing scientists with their unusual colour.

A team of geologists from the University of Adelaide quickly identified the pink hues as garnet, a deep red mineral that forms under high temperatures and pressures typically found in mountainous regions.

"This journey started with questioning why there was so much garnet on the beach at Petrel Cove," said University of Adelaide geologist Jacob Mulder.

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"It is fascinating to think we were able to trace tiny grains of sand on a beach in Australia to a previously undiscovered mountain belt under the Antarctic ice."

Garnet, which crystallises in the high-pressure environments of colliding tectonic plates, is essential for understanding the formation and age of mountains.

The team used lutetium-hafnium dating to analyse the garnet found at Petrel Cove and nearby bedrock formations.

Surprisingly, they discovered that the garnet primarily formed around 590 million years ago, predating local mountain-forming events in South Australia by millions of years.

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"The garnet is too young to have come from the Gawler Craton and too old to have come from the eroding Adelaide Fold Belt," Sharmaine Verhaert, a geology graduate student at the University of Adelaide who led the investigation said, as per reports.&nbsp;

Instead, the garnet is believed to have formed when the South Australian crust "was comparatively cool and non-mountainous."

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Garnet typically erodes away with extended exposure to waves and currents, suggesting that the mineral surfaced locally despite its ancient origins.

Further investigations linked the pink sands at Petrel Cove to layers of nearby glacial sedimentary rock and distant garnet deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains of East Antarctica.

(With inputs from agencies)

Pink sands washing up on South Australian beaches have revealed a hidden secret of Earth's ancient past. Scientists have uncovered evidence of an ancient mountain range buried under the Antarctic ice, thanks to the discovery of a mineral called garnet at Petrel Cove.

Pink sands washing up on South Australian beaches have revealed a hidden secret of Earth's ancient past. Scientists have uncovered evidence of an ancient mountain range buried under the Antarctic ice, thanks to the discovery of a mineral called garnet at Petrel Cove. The pink sands first appeared on the remote beach, intriguing scientists with their unusual colour. A team of geologists from the University of Adelaide quickly identified the pink hues as garnet, a deep red mineral that forms under high temperatures and pressures typically found in mountainous regions. "This journey started with questioning why there was so much garnet on the beach at Petrel Cove," said University of Adelaide geologist Jacob Mulder. Also Read | First-ever evidence of jumping leeches found in Madagascar "It is fascinating to think we were able to trace tiny grains of sand on a beach in Australia to a previously undiscovered mountain belt under the Antarctic ice." Garnet, which crystallises in the high-pressure environments of colliding tectonic plates, is essential for understanding the formation and age of mountains. The team used lutetium-hafnium dating to analyse the garnet found at Petrel Cove and nearby bedrock formations. Surprisingly, they discovered that the garnet primarily formed around 590 million years ago, predating local mountain-forming events in South Australia by millions of years. Also Read | Use it and eat it! New 'fascinating' robots are fully operational as well as edible "The garnet is too young to have come from the Gawler Craton and too old to have come from the eroding Adelaide Fold Belt," Sharmaine Verhaert, a geology graduate student at the University of Adelaide who led the investigation said, as per reports. Instead, the garnet is believed to have formed when the South Australian crust "was comparatively cool and non-mountainous." Watch | Study finds AI can detect Parkinson's seven years before onset × Garnet typically erodes away with extended exposure to waves and currents, suggesting that the mineral surfaced locally despite its ancient origins. Further investigations linked the pink sands at Petrel Cove to layers of nearby glacial sedimentary rock and distant garnet deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains of East Antarctica. (With inputs from agencies)

Hidden Antarctic mountain range revealed by pink sands in South Australia

A new study has found that seals and penguins in Antarctica might&nbsp;get sunburnt&nbsp;easily because of a hole in the ozone layer. This hole, which usually stays over Antarctica for a few months, is hanging around for more than a year now. The research, published in Global Change Biology, worries Prof Sharon Robinson, who studies climate change at the University of Wollongong. She's concerned about the ongoing absence of this protective layer.

"When I tell people I work on the ozone hole, they go: 'oh, isn't that better now?'" she&nbsp;told the&nbsp;BBC.

The outlet also said that a big reason for the ozone layer getting thinner is the smoke from the massive Australian wildfires, which were started by bushfires.

Scientists first found the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica in 1985, and they figured out that chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were causing it. In 1987, countries around the world agreed to stop using these chemicals, which led to the Montreal Protocol.

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Even though the ozone layer started to get better, environmentalists worry because the hole keeps coming back every year over Antarctica, where the ozone layer is already very thin.

The size of the ozone hole varies throughout the year, expanding and shrinking as seasons and temperatures shift.

Normally, it starts opening up in August, reaches its widest point around October, and then closes by late November.

However, scientists have observed that it's staying open longer, extending into the Antarctic summer when wildlife is most at risk.

The increased ultraviolet radiation from the Sun heightens the chances of skin cancer and cataracts in humans, but it's still uncertain whether the same applies to animals like mammals and birds in Antarctica.

"But probably the biggest risk to the Antarctic animals is eye damage," said Professor Robinson.

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<h2>The entire Antarctic ecosystem feels the change</h2>

The changes are also affecting the plants and animals in Antarctica. For example, krill, a type of small marine creature, is moving deeper into the ocean to avoid the harmful UV rays. This is affecting the food supply for seals, penguins, and other birds that rely on krill.

Scientists say that the ozone hole sticking around for longer is a warning sign. They suggest trying out experiments to cool down the climate and reduce the impact of climate change on Antarctica.

(With inputs from agencies)

&nbsp;

A new study has found that seals and penguins in Antarctica might get sunburnt easily because of a hole in the ozone layer. This hole, which usually stays over Antarctica for a few months, is hanging around for more than a year now.

A new study has found that seals and penguins in Antarctica might get sunburnt easily because of a hole in the ozone layer. This hole, which usually stays over Antarctica for a few months, is hanging around for more than a year now. The research, published in Global Change Biology, worries Prof Sharon Robinson, who studies climate change at the University of Wollongong. She's concerned about the ongoing absence of this protective layer. "When I tell people I work on the ozone hole, they go: 'oh, isn't that better now?'" she told the BBC. The outlet also said that a big reason for the ozone layer getting thinner is the smoke from the massive Australian wildfires, which were started by bushfires. Scientists first found the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica in 1985, and they figured out that chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were causing it. In 1987, countries around the world agreed to stop using these chemicals, which led to the Montreal Protocol. Also read | Ice cores show quick loss of Antarctic ice 8,000 years ago Even though the ozone layer started to get better, environmentalists worry because the hole keeps coming back every year over Antarctica, where the ozone layer is already very thin. The size of the ozone hole varies throughout the year, expanding and shrinking as seasons and temperatures shift. Normally, it starts opening up in August, reaches its widest point around October, and then closes by late November. However, scientists have observed that it's staying open longer, extending into the Antarctic summer when wildlife is most at risk. The increased ultraviolet radiation from the Sun heightens the chances of skin cancer and cataracts in humans, but it's still uncertain whether the same applies to animals like mammals and birds in Antarctica. "But probably the biggest risk to the Antarctic animals is eye damage," said Professor Robinson. Also read | Meteorites, hiding in ice sheets of Antarctic, may disappear amid climate warming: study The entire Antarctic ecosystem feels the change The changes are also affecting the plants and animals in Antarctica. For example, krill, a type of small marine creature, is moving deeper into the ocean to avoid the harmful UV rays. This is affecting the food supply for seals, penguins, and other birds that rely on krill. Scientists say that the ozone hole sticking around for longer is a warning sign. They suggest trying out experiments to cool down the climate and reduce the impact of climate change on Antarctica. (With inputs from agencies)

Melting ice, burning skin: Antarctic wildlife is getting sunburnt, scientists warn

One of Antarctica's mysteries involves the Ross Ice Shelf, a massive slab of ice about the size of France. Recent findings suggest it's not as stable as it appears – in fact, it's moving, and this movement could cause trouble.

Researchers, led by Professor Doug Wiens of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, discovered that the Ross Ice Shelf makes sudden jumps twice a day. Consider a piece of land the size of France that shifts position regularly. This movement, which is around 6 to 8 cm each time, may appear little, but it is important.

<h2>What's causing the Ross Ice Shelf jump?</h2>

The movement of ice is what causes these sudden shifts. Two sections of ice press against each other, just as tectonic plates on Earth cause earthquakes. This rubbing creates tension, which is released in these jumps. But why should we be concerned about ice movement in Antarctica?

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These jumps may appear harmless, but they are not. They might cause "icequakes" - seismic disturbances that occur within the ice. Imagine the ground trembling beneath your feet, except it's ice. These icequakes can be harmful, especially to animals and explorers. Furthermore, jumps may cause fractures in the ice shelf, compromising its stability. If the ice shelf breaks apart, increasing sea levels may endanger coastal towns throughout the world.

<h2>What did the study reveal?</h2>

Professor Wiens and his team gathered data using special devices called seismometers. These devices recorded the ground's movements and sounds around Antarctica. Through their research, they found a crucial connection between the Ross Ice Shelf and another ice formation called the Whillans Ice Stream. The movement of the Whillans Ice Stream, like a fast-flowing river of ice, triggers the jumps in the Ross Ice Shelf.

<h2>Are humans to blame for the Ross Ice Shelf jumps?</h2>

While climate change is a concern for Antarctica's stability, these ice shelf movements aren't directly linked to it. Instead, they might be due to natural factors, like changes in the Whillans Ice Stream's bed. However, studying these interactions between ice shelves and streams can give us valuable insights into Antarctica's future in a warming world.

For now, these jumps and icequakes are part of Antarctica's "normal" life. But there's a worry among scientists like Professor Wiens that the Ross Ice Shelf might eventually disintegrate, just like smaller shelves have done before. Understanding these movements is crucial for predicting Antarctica's fate and its impact on our planet. 
&nbsp;

One of Antarctica's mysteries involves the Ross Ice Shelf, a massive slab of ice about the size of France. Recent findings suggest it's not as stable as it appears – in fact, it's moving, and this movement could cause trouble.

One of Antarctica's mysteries involves the Ross Ice Shelf, a massive slab of ice about the size of France. Recent findings suggest it's not as stable as it appears – in fact, it's moving, and this movement could cause trouble. Researchers, led by Professor Doug Wiens of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, discovered that the Ross Ice Shelf makes sudden jumps twice a day. Consider a piece of land the size of France that shifts position regularly. This movement, which is around 6 to 8 cm each time, may appear little, but it is important. What's causing the Ross Ice Shelf jump? The movement of ice is what causes these sudden shifts. Two sections of ice press against each other, just as tectonic plates on Earth cause earthquakes. This rubbing creates tension, which is released in these jumps. But why should we be concerned about ice movement in Antarctica? Also read: Scientists reveal why zebrafish can regenerate damaged heart but humans can’t These jumps may appear harmless, but they are not. They might cause "icequakes" - seismic disturbances that occur within the ice. Imagine the ground trembling beneath your feet, except it's ice. These icequakes can be harmful, especially to animals and explorers. Furthermore, jumps may cause fractures in the ice shelf, compromising its stability. If the ice shelf breaks apart, increasing sea levels may endanger coastal towns throughout the world. What did the study reveal? Professor Wiens and his team gathered data using special devices called seismometers. These devices recorded the ground's movements and sounds around Antarctica. Through their research, they found a crucial connection between the Ross Ice Shelf and another ice formation called the Whillans Ice Stream. The movement of the Whillans Ice Stream, like a fast-flowing river of ice, triggers the jumps in the Ross Ice Shelf. Are humans to blame for the Ross Ice Shelf jumps? While climate change is a concern for Antarctica's stability, these ice shelf movements aren't directly linked to it. Instead, they might be due to natural factors, like changes in the Whillans Ice Stream's bed. However, studying these interactions between ice shelves and streams can give us valuable insights into Antarctica's future in a warming world. For now, these jumps and icequakes are part of Antarctica's "normal" life. But there's a worry among scientists like Professor Wiens that the Ross Ice Shelf might eventually disintegrate, just like smaller shelves have done before. Understanding these movements is crucial for predicting Antarctica's fate and its impact on our planet.

Antarctic ice shelf jumps twice daily: Risk of catastrophic icequake, warn scientists

New satellite imagery has allowed scientists to identify emperor penguin colonies that were previously unknown. When breeding sites are threatened by melting ice due to climate change, at least some emperor penguins are shifting their colonies. The four recently discovered colonies most likely existed for many years, although scientists hadn't previously detected them, according to a British Antarctic Survey statement on Wednesday.

Four new emperor penguin groups discovered in Antarctica

Recent research, published in the journal Science, unveiled a surprising connection between the movements of Turquet’s octopuses and the stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet. These cephalopods, inhabitants of the Southern Ocean, navigated the region when the ice sheet melted approximately 125,000 years ago.

The study suggested that this historical event, coinciding with the last period of temperatures comparable to today's, might warn us of a potential collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet.&nbsp;

Tim Naish, a co-author of the study reportedly stated, "The findings are concerning as they provide very strong evidence that [the] West Antarctic Ice Sheet becomes unstable and collapses when global temperatures warm by more than 1.5°C above preindustrial and if that warming is sustained."

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The research explored the genetic data of Turquet’s octopuses, revealing surprising similarities among specimens from distant seas—Weddell, Amundsen, and Ross.

These areas are now separated by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Sally Lau, the lead author, reportedly explained that the octopuses found migration "pathways" through the sea after the ice sheet melted, enabling interbreeding and gene flow between populations.

The study focused on a critical period, the Last Interglacial, occurring around 129,000 to 116,000 years ago, characterised by global temperatures 0.5 to 1.5 degrees celsius warmer than preindustrial levels. During this time, global sea levels rose 5 to 10 metres higher than today, with Antarctic meltwater contributing significantly.

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Today's Earth faces a parallel scenario, with global temperatures already 1.2 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial average. Concerns have risen about the potential collapse of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, leading to an increase&nbsp;in global sea levels.

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Van de Flierdt concludes, "The geological past provides a window into a future world that might be 1, 2, 3 or even 4 degrees warmer. ... But the geological past is our best bet to learn about how the planet might react to unprecedented greenhouse gas emissions."

(With inputs from agencies)

Recent research, published in the journal Science, unveiled a surprising connection between the movements of Turquet’s octopuses and the stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet.

Recent research, published in the journal Science, unveiled a surprising connection between the movements of Turquet’s octopuses and the stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet. These cephalopods, inhabitants of the Southern Ocean, navigated the region when the ice sheet melted approximately 125,000 years ago. The study suggested that this historical event, coinciding with the last period of temperatures comparable to today's, might warn us of a potential collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Tim Naish, a co-author of the study reportedly stated, "The findings are concerning as they provide very strong evidence that [the] West Antarctic Ice Sheet becomes unstable and collapses when global temperatures warm by more than 1.5°C above preindustrial and if that warming is sustained." Also Read | 2,300-year-old mosaic, made of coral and shells, emerge from Rome after five-year dig The research explored the genetic data of Turquet’s octopuses, revealing surprising similarities among specimens from distant seas—Weddell, Amundsen, and Ross. These areas are now separated by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Sally Lau, the lead author, reportedly explained that the octopuses found migration "pathways" through the sea after the ice sheet melted, enabling interbreeding and gene flow between populations. The study focused on a critical period, the Last Interglacial, occurring around 129,000 to 116,000 years ago, characterised by global temperatures 0.5 to 1.5 degrees celsius warmer than preindustrial levels. During this time, global sea levels rose 5 to 10 metres higher than today, with Antarctic meltwater contributing significantly. Also Read | Ferocious Scythians used human skin to make leather: Researchers Today's Earth faces a parallel scenario, with global temperatures already 1.2 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial average. Concerns have risen about the potential collapse of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, leading to an increase in global sea levels. Watch | AI could replace 300 million jobs suggests report | Will ChatGPT take your jobs? × Van de Flierdt concludes, "The geological past provides a window into a future world that might be 1, 2, 3 or even 4 degrees warmer. ... But the geological past is our best bet to learn about how the planet might react to unprecedented greenhouse gas emissions." (With inputs from agencies)

Octopus gives startling warning on West Antarctic ice sheet's potential collapse

Cadman Glacier on the west Antarctic Peninsula has shifted to 8 kilometres in just a matter of two-and-a-half years, as per the satellite images cited by a study. A study led by a glaciologist at the University of Leeds Benjamin Wallis, who used satellites to monitor the Cadman Glacier in the west Antarctic peninsula, unveiled that between November 2018 and May 2021, the glacier retreated eight kilometres as the ice shelf at its end collapsed.

The scientists said that Antarctic glaciers could undergo rapid changes and lose significant amounts of ice due to warmer ocean conditions. The collapsed ice shelf, if had remained intact, would have slowed down the glacier's movement towards the sea. Warmer ocean waters are believed to have surrounded the glacier, causing the ice shelf to thin and become ungrounded.

Consequently, the glacier's flow speed doubled, leading to increased ice discharge into the sea through iceberg calving.

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Benjamin Wallis expressed surprise at the rapid deterioration of Cadman Glacier, stating, "We were surprised to see the speed at which Cadman went from being an apparently stable glacier to one where we see sudden deterioration and significant ice loss."

<h2>Neighbouring glaciers not affected much&nbsp;</h2>

Wallis pointed at the unique response of neighbouring glaciers, suggesting important insights for projecting climate change effects in the polar region. The Cadman Glacier is now in a state of "substantial dynamic imbalance," with ice elevation shrinking at a rate of around 20 metres per year.

Approximately 2.16 billion tonnes of ice is draining into the ocean annually.

The researchers, who spoke on the importance of long-term monitoring, integrated three decades of data from nine satellite missions and in-situ oceanographic measurements.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/whats-creating-hurdles-to-find-alien-worlds-something-as-trivial-as-haze-664389">What's creating hurdles to find alien worlds? Something as trivial as HAZE</a>

The study, titled "Ocean warming drives rapid dynamic activation of marine-terminating glacier on the west Antarctic Peninsula," was published in the scientific journal Nature Communications on November 28.

The Cadman Glacier's instability is attributed to unusually high ocean temperatures in 2018/19, gradually thinning the ice shelf since the early 2000s.

The researchers said that some of the neighbouring glaciers remained stable as analysis of subsea oceanographic data revealed subsea ridges acting as a defence, deflecting warmer water channels. However, the scientists warned that rising ocean temperatures could compromise the protective capacity of these ridges.

(With inputs from agencies)

Cadman Glacier on the west Antarctic Peninsula has shifted to 8 kilometres in just a matter of two-and-a-half years, as per the satellite images cited by a study.

Cadman Glacier on the west Antarctic Peninsula has shifted to 8 kilometres in just a matter of two-and-a-half years, as per the satellite images cited by a study. A study led by a glaciologist at the University of Leeds Benjamin Wallis, who used satellites to monitor the Cadman Glacier in the west Antarctic peninsula, unveiled that between November 2018 and May 2021, the glacier retreated eight kilometres as the ice shelf at its end collapsed. The scientists said that Antarctic glaciers could undergo rapid changes and lose significant amounts of ice due to warmer ocean conditions. The collapsed ice shelf, if had remained intact, would have slowed down the glacier's movement towards the sea. Warmer ocean waters are believed to have surrounded the glacier, causing the ice shelf to thin and become ungrounded. Consequently, the glacier's flow speed doubled, leading to increased ice discharge into the sea through iceberg calving. Also Read | Not a meteorite, but India's Deccan Traps led to extinction of dinosaurs from Earth: Study Benjamin Wallis expressed surprise at the rapid deterioration of Cadman Glacier, stating, "We were surprised to see the speed at which Cadman went from being an apparently stable glacier to one where we see sudden deterioration and significant ice loss." Neighbouring glaciers not affected much Wallis pointed at the unique response of neighbouring glaciers, suggesting important insights for projecting climate change effects in the polar region. The Cadman Glacier is now in a state of "substantial dynamic imbalance," with ice elevation shrinking at a rate of around 20 metres per year. Approximately 2.16 billion tonnes of ice is draining into the ocean annually. The researchers, who spoke on the importance of long-term monitoring, integrated three decades of data from nine satellite missions and in-situ oceanographic measurements. Also Read | What's creating hurdles to find alien worlds? Something as trivial as HAZE The study, titled "Ocean warming drives rapid dynamic activation of marine-terminating glacier on the west Antarctic Peninsula," was published in the scientific journal Nature Communications on November 28. The Cadman Glacier's instability is attributed to unusually high ocean temperatures in 2018/19, gradually thinning the ice shelf since the early 2000s. The researchers said that some of the neighbouring glaciers remained stable as analysis of subsea oceanographic data revealed subsea ridges acting as a defence, deflecting warmer water channels. However, the scientists warned that rising ocean temperatures could compromise the protective capacity of these ridges. (With inputs from agencies)

Cadman Glacier in Antarctic Peninsula shifts 8 kilometres in just 2.5 years

A recent study conducted by scientists at the University of Leeds has uncovered a concerning trend in Antarctica, where over 40 per cent of the ice shelves have significantly diminished since 1997. What is shocking is that nearly half of these ice shelves display "no signs of recovery" and that this phenomenon is closely linked to climate change.

The researchers' calculations indicate that between 1997 and 2021, the western part of Antarctica lost a staggering 67 trillion tonnes of ice, while the eastern side saw a gain of 59 trillion tonnes. However, the net outcome is a substantial ice loss of 7.5 trillion tonnes during this period.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/human-ancestor-neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions-as-fierce-fighters-study-646118">Human ancestor Neanderthals hunted Cave Lions as fierce fighters: Study</a>

This imbalance is due to the influence of warm water in the western region causing ice melting, while the eastern area remains relatively stable or even gains ice due to colder water conditions, Guardian reported.&nbsp;

<h2>Impact on ocean currents</h2>

Ice shelves, situated at the terminus of glaciers, serve to impede the flow of glacial ice into the sea.

As these ice shelves shrink, they release larger volumes of freshwater into the ocean, which can disrupt the critical currents of the Southern Ocean.

This disruption has a far-reaching impact on ocean circulation, which can, in turn, affect global climate patterns.

Dr. Benjamin Davison, an Earth observation expert and the lead researcher, reportedly said, “There is a mixed picture of ice-shelf deterioration, and this is to do with the ocean temperature and ocean currents around Antarctica."

“The western half is exposed to warm water, which can rapidly erode the ice shelves from below, whereas much of east Antarctica is currently protected from nearby warm water by a band of cold water at the coast," he added.&nbsp;

<h2>Satellite-based research</h2>

The study used satellite technology to monitor annual changes in the ice, even during the long polar nights when clouds obscure observations. More than 100,000 images captured from space were analysed to assess the health of Antarctica's ice shelves, which are of global significance.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/researchers-virtually-unwrap-ancient-scrolls-charred-by-mt-vesuvius-in-79-ad-646080">Researchers 'virtually unwrap' ancient scrolls charred by Mt Vesuvius in 79 AD</a>

The 67 trillion tonnes of freshwater released into the ocean over the 25-year period is not only a concerning sign of ice shelf instability but also has repercussions for the world's ocean currents, which are instrumental in transporting heat and nutrients globally.

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Davison said, “We expected most ice shelves to go through cycles of rapid, but short-lived shrinking, then to regrow slowly. Instead, we see that almost half of them are shrinking with no sign of recovery.”

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A recent study conducted by scientists at the University of Leeds has uncovered a concerning trend in Antarctica, where over 40 per cent of the ice shelves have significantly diminished since 1997.

A recent study conducted by scientists at the University of Leeds has uncovered a concerning trend in Antarctica, where over 40 per cent of the ice shelves have significantly diminished since 1997. What is shocking is that nearly half of these ice shelves display "no signs of recovery" and that this phenomenon is closely linked to climate change. The researchers' calculations indicate that between 1997 and 2021, the western part of Antarctica lost a staggering 67 trillion tonnes of ice, while the eastern side saw a gain of 59 trillion tonnes. However, the net outcome is a substantial ice loss of 7.5 trillion tonnes during this period. Also Read | Human ancestor Neanderthals hunted Cave Lions as fierce fighters: Study This imbalance is due to the influence of warm water in the western region causing ice melting, while the eastern area remains relatively stable or even gains ice due to colder water conditions, Guardian reported. Impact on ocean currents Ice shelves, situated at the terminus of glaciers, serve to impede the flow of glacial ice into the sea. As these ice shelves shrink, they release larger volumes of freshwater into the ocean, which can disrupt the critical currents of the Southern Ocean. This disruption has a far-reaching impact on ocean circulation, which can, in turn, affect global climate patterns. Dr. Benjamin Davison, an Earth observation expert and the lead researcher, reportedly said, “There is a mixed picture of ice-shelf deterioration, and this is to do with the ocean temperature and ocean currents around Antarctica." “The western half is exposed to warm water, which can rapidly erode the ice shelves from below, whereas much of east Antarctica is currently protected from nearby warm water by a band of cold water at the coast," he added. Satellite-based research The study used satellite technology to monitor annual changes in the ice, even during the long polar nights when clouds obscure observations. More than 100,000 images captured from space were analysed to assess the health of Antarctica's ice shelves, which are of global significance. Also Read | Researchers 'virtually unwrap' ancient scrolls charred by Mt Vesuvius in 79 AD The 67 trillion tonnes of freshwater released into the ocean over the 25-year period is not only a concerning sign of ice shelf instability but also has repercussions for the world's ocean currents, which are instrumental in transporting heat and nutrients globally. Watch | Israel-Palestine War: Iran denies role in Hamas attack on Israel × Davison said, “We expected most ice shelves to go through cycles of rapid, but short-lived shrinking, then to regrow slowly. Instead, we see that almost half of them are shrinking with no sign of recovery.” WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. ×

Over 7.5 trillion tonnes decline in Antarctica's ice shelves since 1997, half show 'no sign of recovery'

Sea ice in the antarctic region falls to a record low. Study reveals 'no quick fix to reverse ice loss.

Scientists: no quick fix for Antarctic Sea ice loss

Scientists have found what they think to be the origin of massive underwater landslides in Antarctica, which might have resulted in tsunami waves that swept throughout the southern hemisphere hundreds of thousands of years ago. The explanation is well-known: climate change.

But not today's climate change, but climatic change in the distant past. A team of researchers led by Jenny Gales, a lecturer at the University of Plymouth, identified layers of fragile, fossilised, environmentally rich sediments hundreds of metres beneath the seafloor.

According to a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38240-y">study</a> published earlier this month in Nature Communications by the researchers, these weak layers left the area susceptible to collapse when earthquakes or other seismic activity occurred.

Based on research, those thin layers originated when temperatures in Antarctica were up to 3 degrees Celsius hotter than they are now, and when sea levels were higher and ice sheets were considerably less than they are now.

If all of that sounds familiar, it's because our planet is already undergoing many similar changes, including rising sea levels, warmer oceans, and disappearing ice sheets. This suggests that such massive underwater landslides are likely to occur again if climate change continues unchecked.

“We need to better understand the extent of the weak layers that sit beneath the submarine landslides in Antarctica that make this area unstable. We also need to better understand exactly how climate is influencing the triggering of these submarine landslides. This will give us a better understanding of the future risks posed by these hazardous events,” Jenny Gales told the Indian Express.

<h2>Risks of underwater landslides</h2>

Underwater landslides, according to Gales, are a massive&nbsp;danger with the potential to create tsunamis that can result in large&nbsp;casualties. These landslides have the potential to harm infrastructure, including subsea cables. "The submarine landslides are dated to around 400,000 years ago, 1.72 million years ago, and 12.14 million years ago, and any tsunami associated with these submarine landslides would have happened directly after the submarine landslide events," Gales explained, referring to landslide evidence discovered in 2017 by an international team of scientists during the Italian Odyssea&nbsp;expedition.

The scientists revisited to the location in 2018 as part of an expedition that gathered sediment cores from hundreds of metres below the seafloor. They studied the materials to determine what the climate would have been like in the region millions of years ago and how it generated the weak layers beneath the ocean floor.&nbsp;

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Scientists have found what they think to be the origin of massive underwater landslides in Antarctica, which might have resulted in tsunami waves that swept throughout the southern hemisphere hundreds of thousands of years ago.

Scientists have found what they think to be the origin of massive underwater landslides in Antarctica, which might have resulted in tsunami waves that swept throughout the southern hemisphere hundreds of thousands of years ago. The explanation is well-known: climate change. But not today's climate change, but climatic change in the distant past. A team of researchers led by Jenny Gales, a lecturer at the University of Plymouth, identified layers of fragile, fossilised, environmentally rich sediments hundreds of metres beneath the seafloor. According to a study published earlier this month in Nature Communications by the researchers, these weak layers left the area susceptible to collapse when earthquakes or other seismic activity occurred. Based on research, those thin layers originated when temperatures in Antarctica were up to 3 degrees Celsius hotter than they are now, and when sea levels were higher and ice sheets were considerably less than they are now. If all of that sounds familiar, it's because our planet is already undergoing many similar changes, including rising sea levels, warmer oceans, and disappearing ice sheets. This suggests that such massive underwater landslides are likely to occur again if climate change continues unchecked. “We need to better understand the extent of the weak layers that sit beneath the submarine landslides in Antarctica that make this area unstable. We also need to better understand exactly how climate is influencing the triggering of these submarine landslides. This will give us a better understanding of the future risks posed by these hazardous events,” Jenny Gales told the Indian Express. Risks of underwater landslides Underwater landslides, according to Gales, are a massive danger with the potential to create tsunamis that can result in large casualties. These landslides have the potential to harm infrastructure, including subsea cables. "The submarine landslides are dated to around 400,000 years ago, 1.72 million years ago, and 12.14 million years ago, and any tsunami associated with these submarine landslides would have happened directly after the submarine landslide events," Gales explained, referring to landslide evidence discovered in 2017 by an international team of scientists during the Italian Odyssea expedition. The scientists revisited to the location in 2018 as part of an expedition that gathered sediment cores from hundreds of metres below the seafloor. They studied the materials to determine what the climate would have been like in the region millions of years ago and how it generated the weak layers beneath the ocean floor. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Massive underwater landslides in Antarctica triggered by past climate change: Study

The United Nations stated on Friday that the world's glaciers dissipated significantly last year and that saving them is essentially a lost cause as climate change indicators once again reached record highs.&nbsp;According to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)&nbsp;of the UN, the past eight years have been the warmest ever observed, and greenhouse gas concentrations, such as carbon dioxide, have reached new highs.

"Antarctic sea ice fell to its lowest extent on record and the melting of some European glaciers was, literally, off the charts," the WMO spelled out as it launched its annual climate overview.&nbsp;

Sea levels have also reached a new high, rising by an average of 4.62 millimetres annually between 2013 and 2022, which is twice as quickly as it did between 1993 and 2002.

The oceans, where around 90 per cent&nbsp;of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse gases ends up, had record-high temperatures.

According to the WMO study, the global mean temperature in 2022 was 1.15 C higher than the 1850–1900 average.

Despite the cooling effects of a long La Nina weather phenomenon that lasted for nearly half of that period, record global mean temperatures for the preceding eight years were nevertheless achieved.

Based on the analysis, global greenhouse gas concentrations hit new highs in 2021.

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Globally, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations reached 415.7 parts per million, or 149 per cent of pre-industrial levels (1750), while methane concentrations reached 262 per cent and nitrous oxide concentrations reached 124 per cent.

<h2>A lost cause?</h2>

Between October 2021 and October 2022, the average thickness of the world's reference glaciers—those for which long-term measurements are available—decreased by more than 1.3 metres, a loss far greater than the average over the previous ten years.

Since 1970, there has been a total loss of about 30 metres of thickness. 
Due to a combination of insufficient winter snow, a saharan dust invasion in March 2022, and heatwaves between May and early September, the Alps broke records for glacier melt in Europe.

"We have already lost the melting of the glaciers game, because we already have such a high concentration of CO2," WMO chief Petteri Taalas told AFP in an interview.

In the Swiss Alps, "last summer we lost 6.2 percent of the glacier mass, which is the highest amount since records started," he said.

"This is serious," he said, explaining that the disappearance of the glaciers would limit freshwater supplies for humans and for agriculture, and also harm transport links if rivers become less navigable.&nbsp;These kind of things are going to be a big risk for the future," said Taalas.

"Many of these mountain glaciers will disappear, and also the shrinking of the Antarctic and Greenland glaciers will continue for a long-term basis -- unless we create a means to remove CO2 from the atmosphere," he continued.

&nbsp;

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The United Nations stated on Friday that the world's glaciers dissipated significantly last year and that saving them is essentially a lost cause as climate change indicators once again reached record highs.

The United Nations stated on Friday that the world's glaciers dissipated significantly last year and that saving them is essentially a lost cause as climate change indicators once again reached record highs. According to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) of the UN, the past eight years have been the warmest ever observed, and greenhouse gas concentrations, such as carbon dioxide, have reached new highs. "Antarctic sea ice fell to its lowest extent on record and the melting of some European glaciers was, literally, off the charts," the WMO spelled out as it launched its annual climate overview. Sea levels have also reached a new high, rising by an average of 4.62 millimetres annually between 2013 and 2022, which is twice as quickly as it did between 1993 and 2002. The oceans, where around 90 per cent of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse gases ends up, had record-high temperatures. According to the WMO study, the global mean temperature in 2022 was 1.15 C higher than the 1850–1900 average. Despite the cooling effects of a long La Nina weather phenomenon that lasted for nearly half of that period, record global mean temperatures for the preceding eight years were nevertheless achieved. Based on the analysis, global greenhouse gas concentrations hit new highs in 2021. ALSO READ | Earth Day: 10 movies that will inspire you to take action on climate change Globally, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations reached 415.7 parts per million, or 149 per cent of pre-industrial levels (1750), while methane concentrations reached 262 per cent and nitrous oxide concentrations reached 124 per cent. A lost cause? Between October 2021 and October 2022, the average thickness of the world's reference glaciers—those for which long-term measurements are available—decreased by more than 1.3 metres, a loss far greater than the average over the previous ten years. Since 1970, there has been a total loss of about 30 metres of thickness. Due to a combination of insufficient winter snow, a saharan dust invasion in March 2022, and heatwaves between May and early September, the Alps broke records for glacier melt in Europe. "We have already lost the melting of the glaciers game, because we already have such a high concentration of CO2," WMO chief Petteri Taalas told AFP in an interview. In the Swiss Alps, "last summer we lost 6.2 percent of the glacier mass, which is the highest amount since records started," he said. "This is serious," he said, explaining that the disappearance of the glaciers would limit freshwater supplies for humans and for agriculture, and also harm transport links if rivers become less navigable. These kind of things are going to be a big risk for the future," said Taalas. "Many of these mountain glaciers will disappear, and also the shrinking of the Antarctic and Greenland glaciers will continue for a long-term basis -- unless we create a means to remove CO2 from the atmosphere," he continued. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

UN climate report: World's glaciers melted at dramatic speed in 2022

Two of the biggest icebergs are being tracked by British scientists as the frozen blocks continue drifting towards areas where there are chances of it affecting fishing, wildlife and shipping.

These icebergs, which recently, broke off from Antarctica, may take decades to melt and wither away. One of the icebergs, named 'A81', was photographed by a group of researchers when they were flying off the Halley base in the UK. The iceberg 'A81' is said to be as large as Greater London.

Another group of researchers sailed around A76a, which is bigger than the size of Cornwall. This giant frozen block is not just similar in size to the English county, which is spread over an area of over 3,000 sq km, but also in shape as the iceberg is long and thin.

ALSO READ | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/melting-antarctica-sea-ice-records-new-low-as-scientists-fear-collapse-of-wais-562976">Melting Antarctica: Sea-ice records new low as scientists fear collapse of WAIS</a>

Prof Geraint Tarling, who was present at the Royal Research Ship Discovery, took the opportunity to look into the iceberg as it floated out of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica into the South Atlantic.

"It was directly in our path as we sailed home so we took 24 hours out to go around it," said the biological oceanographer, while speaking to BBC News.

"We got in quite close in some places, and had a really good view of it. We collected water from around the berg using special non-contaminated pipes under the ship, so we've got lots of samples to study,” he added.

The British Antarctic Survey scientist stated that tabular or huge flat-topped icebergs have a major influence on the environment - both productive and disruptive.

The icebergs, while melting down, will produce huge volumes of fresh water into the sea, which can make it difficult for few organisms to function.

WATCH | Antarctica's 'doomsday glaciers' is in trouble

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The melt will also release the mineral dust which was incorporated into the ice when it was connected to the glacier scraping along Antarctica's rock bed. The dust contains nutrients which will spur life in the open ocean.

"If it does become grounded, our major concern is break-up and the impact of (smaller) icebergs on vessel movements in the area," Dr Mark Belchier, the director of fisheries and environment with the government for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, explained.

"Although the tourist season is coming to an end, our fisheries operate during the winter months so it may impact on their operations. It does have the potential to cause localised issues for some of our wildlife, although that's likely to be less of an issue if it breaks up over winter when most animals can forage over greater distances and don't have to keep returning to land to feed young - or have moved away from the island completely,” he added.

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Two of the biggest icebergs are being tracked by British scientists as the frozen blocks continue drifting towards areas where there are chances of it affecting fishing, wildlife and shipping.

Two of the biggest icebergs are being tracked by British scientists as the frozen blocks continue drifting towards areas where there are chances of it affecting fishing, wildlife and shipping. These icebergs, which recently, broke off from Antarctica, may take decades to melt and wither away. One of the icebergs, named 'A81', was photographed by a group of researchers when they were flying off the Halley base in the UK. The iceberg 'A81' is said to be as large as Greater London. Another group of researchers sailed around A76a, which is bigger than the size of Cornwall. This giant frozen block is not just similar in size to the English county, which is spread over an area of over 3,000 sq km, but also in shape as the iceberg is long and thin. ALSO READ | Melting Antarctica: Sea-ice records new low as scientists fear collapse of WAIS Prof Geraint Tarling, who was present at the Royal Research Ship Discovery, took the opportunity to look into the iceberg as it floated out of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica into the South Atlantic. "It was directly in our path as we sailed home so we took 24 hours out to go around it," said the biological oceanographer, while speaking to BBC News. "We got in quite close in some places, and had a really good view of it. We collected water from around the berg using special non-contaminated pipes under the ship, so we've got lots of samples to study,” he added. The British Antarctic Survey scientist stated that tabular or huge flat-topped icebergs have a major influence on the environment - both productive and disruptive. The icebergs, while melting down, will produce huge volumes of fresh water into the sea, which can make it difficult for few organisms to function. WATCH | Antarctica's 'doomsday glaciers' is in trouble The melt will also release the mineral dust which was incorporated into the ice when it was connected to the glacier scraping along Antarctica's rock bed. The dust contains nutrients which will spur life in the open ocean. "If it does become grounded, our major concern is break-up and the impact of (smaller) icebergs on vessel movements in the area," Dr Mark Belchier, the director of fisheries and environment with the government for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, explained. "Although the tourist season is coming to an end, our fisheries operate during the winter months so it may impact on their operations. It does have the potential to cause localised issues for some of our wildlife, although that's likely to be less of an issue if it breaks up over winter when most animals can forage over greater distances and don't have to keep returning to land to feed young - or have moved away from the island completely,” he added. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Scientists track 'Greater London-sized' iceberg fearing it may affect shipping, marine wildlife

In Pics: Doomsday glacier to crumble anytime now, will lift global sea level by 3 metres

The sea ice surrounding the Antarctic continent is now at its lowest in history since the time people began measuring it using satellites in the late 1970s. National Snow and Ice Data Centre said that less sea ice is expected during the southern hemisphere summer, however, this year is exceptional. The coverage has been reduced to just 1.91 million square km (737,000 sq miles) by warm air, winds and water. What is more worrisome is that the melt has to continue till this summer.

Last year, Antarctica had not touched the previous record-breaking minimum of 1.92 million sq km till February 25. In the last seven years, three record-breaking years for low sea ice have been 2017, 2022 and now 2023.\

ALSO READ | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/1550-sq-kilometers-london-sized-iceberg-breaks-off-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-555716">'Greater London-sized' 1,550 sq km iceberg breaks off of Antarctic ice shelf. Watch!</a>

These “remarkable” losses of Antarctic sea ice indicate the increasing level of heat in the ocean and such changes in weather patterns reflect that a climate crisis is evident in the observations.

Scientists have already expressed their concern about the melting ice in Antarctica. Climate models, dating back to 2014, have suggested that the continent's giant West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is bound to collapse because of increasing levels of global heating.

The researchers have warned that the ice sheets and their glaciers are exposed to waves due to the increasing loss of sea ice, which further accelerates melting and disintegration.

WATCH | Antarctica's 'doomsday glaciers' is in trouble

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Prof Karsten Gohl, who works at Alfred Wegener Institute's Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research in Germany and had visited the region for the first time in 1994, said, “I have never seen such an extreme, the ice-free situation here before.”

Gohl, who was on the research vessel Polarstern in Antarctica, said: “The continental shelf, an area the size of Germany, is now completely ice-free. It is troubling to consider how quickly this change has taken place.”

Helmholtz Centre's Prof Christian Haas also said, “The rapid decline in sea ice over the past six years is quite remarkable since the ice cover hardly changed at all in the 35 years before.”&nbsp;

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The sea ice surrounding the Antarctic continent is now at its lowest in history since the time people began measuring it using satellites in the late 1970s. National Snow and Ice Data Centre said that less sea ice is expected during the southern hemisphere summer, however, this year is exceptional.

The sea ice surrounding the Antarctic continent is now at its lowest in history since the time people began measuring it using satellites in the late 1970s. National Snow and Ice Data Centre said that less sea ice is expected during the southern hemisphere summer, however, this year is exceptional. The coverage has been reduced to just 1.91 million square km (737,000 sq miles) by warm air, winds and water. What is more worrisome is that the melt has to continue till this summer. Last year, Antarctica had not touched the previous record-breaking minimum of 1.92 million sq km till February 25. In the last seven years, three record-breaking years for low sea ice have been 2017, 2022 and now 2023.\ ALSO READ | 'Greater London-sized' 1,550 sq km iceberg breaks off of Antarctic ice shelf. Watch! These “remarkable” losses of Antarctic sea ice indicate the increasing level of heat in the ocean and such changes in weather patterns reflect that a climate crisis is evident in the observations. Scientists have already expressed their concern about the melting ice in Antarctica. Climate models, dating back to 2014, have suggested that the continent's giant West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is bound to collapse because of increasing levels of global heating. The researchers have warned that the ice sheets and their glaciers are exposed to waves due to the increasing loss of sea ice, which further accelerates melting and disintegration. WATCH | Antarctica's 'doomsday glaciers' is in trouble Prof Karsten Gohl, who works at Alfred Wegener Institute's Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research in Germany and had visited the region for the first time in 1994, said, “I have never seen such an extreme, the ice-free situation here before.” Gohl, who was on the research vessel Polarstern in Antarctica, said: “The continental shelf, an area the size of Germany, is now completely ice-free. It is troubling to consider how quickly this change has taken place.” Helmholtz Centre's Prof Christian Haas also said, “The rapid decline in sea ice over the past six years is quite remarkable since the ice cover hardly changed at all in the 35 years before.” You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Melting Antarctica: Sea-ice records new low as scientists fear collapse of WAIS

A US woman was killed, while four others were injured after a gigantic rogue wave hit a cruise ship that was sailing towards Antarctica.&nbsp;According to reports, the 62-year-old woman was killed by broken glass when the wave smashed cabin windows of the ‘Viking Polaris’ cruise ship during a storm late Tuesday.

AP news agency reported that the 202m (662ft) ship suffered limited damage as it arrived in Argentina's Ushuaia, 3,100 kilometres south of Buenos Aires, the next day.

In a statement, the cruise ship described it as a “rogue wave incident” and informed that the four other passengers’ injuries were not life-threatening. It also said that it is investigating the incident.

“It is with great sadness that we confirmed a guest passed away following the incident,” Viking said.

“We have notified the guest’s family and shared our deepest sympathies.”

Speaking to ABC News, one of the passengers said that “something big had happened," adding, "A lot of water came shooting in."

"Luckily, our windows did hold," Beverly Spiker from California said, adding that other rooms on their side of the ship were "washed out."

The company has not revealed the name of the deceased woman. Meanwhile, a federal court has taken cognizance of the incident.

The company has said that it was cancelling its scheduled voyage, which was expected to sail towards Antarctica from December 5 to December 17.

Built in 2022, the ‘Viking Polaris’ is a luxury vessel and has the capacity to carry 378 passengers and 256 crew members.

(With inputs from agencies)

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A US woman was killed, while four others were injured after a gigantic rogue wave hit a cruise ship that was sailing towards Antarctica. According to reports, the 62-year-old woman was killed by broken glass when the wave smashed cabin windows of the ‘Viking Polaris’ cruise ship during a storm late Tuesday.

A US woman was killed, while four others were injured after a gigantic rogue wave hit a cruise ship that was sailing towards Antarctica. According to reports, the 62-year-old woman was killed by broken glass when the wave smashed cabin windows of the ‘Viking Polaris’ cruise ship during a storm late Tuesday. AP news agency reported that the 202m (662ft) ship suffered limited damage as it arrived in Argentina's Ushuaia, 3,100 kilometres south of Buenos Aires, the next day. In a statement, the cruise ship described it as a “rogue wave incident” and informed that the four other passengers’ injuries were not life-threatening. It also said that it is investigating the incident. “It is with great sadness that we confirmed a guest passed away following the incident,” Viking said. “We have notified the guest’s family and shared our deepest sympathies.” Speaking to ABC News, one of the passengers said that “something big had happened," adding, "A lot of water came shooting in." "Luckily, our windows did hold," Beverly Spiker from California said, adding that other rooms on their side of the ship were "washed out." The company has not revealed the name of the deceased woman. Meanwhile, a federal court has taken cognizance of the incident. The company has said that it was cancelling its scheduled voyage, which was expected to sail towards Antarctica from December 5 to December 17. Built in 2022, the ‘Viking Polaris’ is a luxury vessel and has the capacity to carry 378 passengers and 256 crew members. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

US woman killed after ‘rogue wave’ hits cruise ship sailing towards Antarctica

An American research station in Antarctica has been shut for inward travel following a Covid outbreak.

The National Science Foundation, which operates McMurdo Station on the southern tip of Antarctica’s Ross Island, has said that 98 positive cases were recorded since October. There are 885 people currently living at McMurdo Station.

It said that it is pausing all inward travel in the continent for the next two weeks as it reassesses the situation.

“Consistent with the US National Science Foundation’s commitment to balance research and operational needs while containing the spread of Covid cases in Antarctica, NSF is implementing a pause on all travel to the continent for the next two weeks, effective immediately, while we reassess the situation,” the agency in a statement released on Saturday said.

The agency said that the temporary ban does not include essential travel for health and safety reasons. There is a medical clinic available at the station to provide health care to its residents.

Watch |&nbsp;China: Zero Covid policy sparks worry among Beijing residents

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The NSF said that “most have mild symptoms and are isolating in their rooms”. It has advised residents to spend five days in isolation before transiting to the south pole or deep field. It has recommended KN-95 masks be worn at all times.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/with-over-7000-fresh-cases-guangzhou-now-becoming-the-covid-epicentre-of-china-532146" hreflang="en">With over 7,000 fresh cases, Guangzhou now becoming the Covid epicentre of China</a>

It is not the first time that Antarctica is registering Covid cases, though the latest report appears to be the largest.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/covid-curbs-in-china-will-likely-hit-iphone-14-shipments-wait-time-to-increase-apple-says-531730">Covid curbs in China will likely hit iPhone 14 shipments, wait time to increase, Apple says</a>

The first cases were registered in December 2020, with 36 people testing positive at Chile’s base. A year after that, 11 of the 30 people in Belgian research station Princess Elisabeth were infected, and in January 2022, 24 cases detected were detected Argentina’s Esperenza base.

It comes at a time when many scientists fly to the continent for two to three months of research &nbsp;

This year marked also marked the first full season of Antarctic research after two years of COVID-19 disruption.

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An American research station in Antarctica has been shut for inward travel following a Covid outbreak. The National Science Foundation, which operates McMurdo Station on the southern tip of Antarctica’s Ross Island, has said that 98 positive cases were recorded since October.

An American research station in Antarctica has been shut for inward travel following a Covid outbreak. The National Science Foundation, which operates McMurdo Station on the southern tip of Antarctica’s Ross Island, has said that 98 positive cases were recorded since October. There are 885 people currently living at McMurdo Station. It said that it is pausing all inward travel in the continent for the next two weeks as it reassesses the situation. “Consistent with the US National Science Foundation’s commitment to balance research and operational needs while containing the spread of Covid cases in Antarctica, NSF is implementing a pause on all travel to the continent for the next two weeks, effective immediately, while we reassess the situation,” the agency in a statement released on Saturday said. The agency said that the temporary ban does not include essential travel for health and safety reasons. There is a medical clinic available at the station to provide health care to its residents. Watch | China: Zero Covid policy sparks worry among Beijing residents The NSF said that “most have mild symptoms and are isolating in their rooms”. It has advised residents to spend five days in isolation before transiting to the south pole or deep field. It has recommended KN-95 masks be worn at all times. Also read | With over 7,000 fresh cases, Guangzhou now becoming the Covid epicentre of China It is not the first time that Antarctica is registering Covid cases, though the latest report appears to be the largest. Also Read | Covid curbs in China will likely hit iPhone 14 shipments, wait time to increase, Apple says The first cases were registered in December 2020, with 36 people testing positive at Chile’s base. A year after that, 11 of the 30 people in Belgian research station Princess Elisabeth were infected, and in January 2022, 24 cases detected were detected Argentina’s Esperenza base. It comes at a time when many scientists fly to the continent for two to three months of research This year marked also marked the first full season of Antarctic research after two years of COVID-19 disruption. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

US research station in Antarctica hit with Covid outbreak

Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern met with researchers at New Zealand's Scott Base in Antarctica. Her visit was part of a trip to emphasise the problems with climate change, her nation's commitment to the continent, and the necessity of regional cooperation.

Ardern, who began her 72-hour journey on Wednesday, said in a recording that was sent overnight that New Zealand's presence in Antarctica was at a "critical juncture" since the facility is nearing the end of its existence.

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"The role that we play, and our scientists play here, is incredibly important for our present and our future," she said during a visit marking Scott Base's 65th anniversary.

To support its presence there for the next 50 years, New Zealand stated last year that it would be providing NZ$344 million ($200.72 million) for a refurbishment of the base.

"(Antarctica's) becoming an increasingly contested region where we must maintain and protect the integrity of this fragile part of the world," Ardern said in a statement announcing her trip.

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About 15% of the continent, or the Ross Dependency, is subject to New Zealand's claim.

"Cooperation in Antarctica and in the Antarctic Treaty System is more important than ever as we tackle the crises of climate change and biodiversity loss," Ardern added.

Both China and Russia have made investments in recent years to increase their presence and capabilities in Antarctica, and Western nations have reacted similarly.

Australia, which has the largest claim to Antarctica, revealed plans to spend slightly over A$804 million ($522.04 million) to boost its interests there by purchasing drones and helicopters and establishing mobile stations earlier this year.

"What (Ardern's) doing is flagging, literally and metaphorically, New Zealand's ongoing commitment to its territorial claim in the <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/4-women-beat-6000-applicants-for-the-job-to-run-worlds-most-remote-post-office-in-antarctica-522453">Antarctic</a>, its presence in the Antarctic, and its commitment to operating in the Antarctic," said Alan Hemmings, a Christchurch-based specialist on Antarctic governance at the University of Canterbury.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern met with researchers at New Zealand's Scott Base in Antarctica. Her visit was part of a trip to emphasise the problems with climate change, her nation's commitment to the continent, and the necessity of regional cooperation.

Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern met with researchers at New Zealand's Scott Base in Antarctica. Her visit was part of a trip to emphasise the problems with climate change, her nation's commitment to the continent, and the necessity of regional cooperation. Ardern, who began her 72-hour journey on Wednesday, said in a recording that was sent overnight that New Zealand's presence in Antarctica was at a "critical juncture" since the facility is nearing the end of its existence. Also read | 57-year-old woman arrested after New Zealand PM Arden’s office attacked "The role that we play, and our scientists play here, is incredibly important for our present and our future," she said during a visit marking Scott Base's 65th anniversary. To support its presence there for the next 50 years, New Zealand stated last year that it would be providing NZ$344 million ($200.72 million) for a refurbishment of the base. "(Antarctica's) becoming an increasingly contested region where we must maintain and protect the integrity of this fragile part of the world," Ardern said in a statement announcing her trip. Also read | Emperor penguins declared threatened species by US due to existential risk About 15% of the continent, or the Ross Dependency, is subject to New Zealand's claim. "Cooperation in Antarctica and in the Antarctic Treaty System is more important than ever as we tackle the crises of climate change and biodiversity loss," Ardern added. Both China and Russia have made investments in recent years to increase their presence and capabilities in Antarctica, and Western nations have reacted similarly. Australia, which has the largest claim to Antarctica, revealed plans to spend slightly over A$804 million ($522.04 million) to boost its interests there by purchasing drones and helicopters and establishing mobile stations earlier this year. "What (Ardern's) doing is flagging, literally and metaphorically, New Zealand's ongoing commitment to its territorial claim in the Antarctic, its presence in the Antarctic, and its commitment to operating in the Antarctic," said Alan Hemmings, a Christchurch-based specialist on Antarctic governance at the University of Canterbury. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

New Zealand's PM Jacinda Ardern visits Antarctica to highlight climate change

Scientists have discovered the Earth’s oldest ice core, with some sections potentially preserving samples as old as 5 million years.

Scientists have recovered older ice samples elsewhere before, with the oldest dating back 2.7 million years. However, these were collected closer to the surface of the ice after being pushed upward by the natural flow of the glaciers.

But the new discovery could help scientists analyse the ice sediments that contain greenhouse gases from Earth's atmosphere at a time when the planet's cycles of glacial advance and retreat were just beginning. It could also potentially offer&nbsp;clues to what triggered the ice ages.

The nearly 10-metre-long sediment-filled ice core was found in Ong Valley in the Transantarctic Mountains, which separate eastern and western Antarctica.

The study was published in The Cryosphere journal on July 15.

The scientists were able to analyse the appropriate age of the ice while drilling through ice core measuring 9.5 m (31 ft) long during the Southern Hemisphere summer of 2017 and 2018, according to Nature.com.

They have recorded the age of material at different depths. According to them, the upper section is estimated to be around 3 million years old, while the lower section was dated to between 4.3 and 5.1 million years, which is almost twice as old as the previous record-holder, at 2.7 million years.

The ice sheets from Greenland and Antarctica are key to understanding modern climate science. Traditionally, scientists drill in places where ice layers accumulate year after year, undisturbed by glacial flows.

The discovery was made by the Beyond European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA). It was funded by the European Commission and being carried out by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the Cnr (National Research Council of Italy) and The British Antarctic Survey (BAS).

(With inputs from agencies)

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Scientists have discovered the Earth’s oldest ice core, with some sections potentially preserving samples as old as 5 million years. Scientists have recovered older ice samples elsewhere before, with the oldest dating back 2.

Scientists have discovered the Earth’s oldest ice core, with some sections potentially preserving samples as old as 5 million years. Scientists have recovered older ice samples elsewhere before, with the oldest dating back 2.7 million years. However, these were collected closer to the surface of the ice after being pushed upward by the natural flow of the glaciers. But the new discovery could help scientists analyse the ice sediments that contain greenhouse gases from Earth's atmosphere at a time when the planet's cycles of glacial advance and retreat were just beginning. It could also potentially offer clues to what triggered the ice ages. The nearly 10-metre-long sediment-filled ice core was found in Ong Valley in the Transantarctic Mountains, which separate eastern and western Antarctica. The study was published in The Cryosphere journal on July 15. The scientists were able to analyse the appropriate age of the ice while drilling through ice core measuring 9.5 m (31 ft) long during the Southern Hemisphere summer of 2017 and 2018, according to Nature.com. They have recorded the age of material at different depths. According to them, the upper section is estimated to be around 3 million years old, while the lower section was dated to between 4.3 and 5.1 million years, which is almost twice as old as the previous record-holder, at 2.7 million years. The ice sheets from Greenland and Antarctica are key to understanding modern climate science. Traditionally, scientists drill in places where ice layers accumulate year after year, undisturbed by glacial flows. The discovery was made by the Beyond European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA). It was funded by the European Commission and being carried out by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the Cnr (National Research Council of Italy) and The British Antarctic Survey (BAS). (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Scientists find oldest ice core dating back to 5 million years

Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance, which sank in the Weddell Sea in 1915 after being crushed by a pack of ice, has been found off the coast of Antarctica by members of an expedition organised by the Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust.

Endurance was discovered at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869 feet) in the Weddell Sea.

An expedition team, Endurance22 Expedition, set off last month from Cape Town, South Africa, a month after the 100th anniversary of Shackleton’s death on a mission to locate it.

Despite burying deep underwater, a video of the remains shows Endurance to be in remarkable condition.

Its timbers, although disrupted, are still very much together, and the name - Endurance - is clearly visible on the stern, BBC reported.

<img alt="Endurance was part of Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition between 1914 and 1917. It was 144-foot-long it carried 28 men. " data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="39ca376d-5b39-44bc-93c8-a4d7f9f21e3f" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/2_141.jpg" />

"We are overwhelmed by our good fortune in having located and captured images of Endurance," said Mensun Bound, the expedition's director of exploration.

"This is by far the finest wooden shipwreck I have ever seen. It is upright, well proud of the seabed, intact, and in a brilliant state of preservation. You can even see 'Endurance' arced across the stern," he said in a statement.

Endurance was part of Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition between 1914 and 1917. &nbsp;It was 144-foot-long it carried 28 men.

It was meant to make the first land crossing of Antarctica, but it fell victim to the tumultuous Weddell Sea.

The crew managed to escape by camping on the sea ice until it ruptured.

They then launched lifeboats to Elephant Island and then South Georgia Island, a British overseas territory that lies around 1,400 kilometres east of the Falkland Islands.

Despite the hardships, all of the crew survived.

(With inputs from agencies)

Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance, which sank in the Weddell Sea in 1915 after being crushed by a pack of ice, has been found off the coast of Antarctica by members of an expedition organised by the Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust.

Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance, which sank in the Weddell Sea in 1915 after being crushed by a pack of ice, has been found off the coast of Antarctica by members of an expedition organised by the Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust. Endurance was discovered at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869 feet) in the Weddell Sea. An expedition team, Endurance22 Expedition, set off last month from Cape Town, South Africa, a month after the 100th anniversary of Shackleton’s death on a mission to locate it. Despite burying deep underwater, a video of the remains shows Endurance to be in remarkable condition. Its timbers, although disrupted, are still very much together, and the name - Endurance - is clearly visible on the stern, BBC reported. "We are overwhelmed by our good fortune in having located and captured images of Endurance," said Mensun Bound, the expedition's director of exploration. "This is by far the finest wooden shipwreck I have ever seen. It is upright, well proud of the seabed, intact, and in a brilliant state of preservation. You can even see 'Endurance' arced across the stern," he said in a statement. Endurance was part of Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition between 1914 and 1917. It was 144-foot-long it carried 28 men. It was meant to make the first land crossing of Antarctica, but it fell victim to the tumultuous Weddell Sea. The crew managed to escape by camping on the sea ice until it ruptured. They then launched lifeboats to Elephant Island and then South Georgia Island, a British overseas territory that lies around 1,400 kilometres east of the Falkland Islands. Despite the hardships, all of the crew survived. (With inputs from agencies)

Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance found off Antarctica coast after over 100 years

A new study has revealed that Greenland's ice sheet is melting rapidly from its base, and as a result, the melting water is contributing to sea level rise around the globe.

The research study claims that Greenland's ice sheet,&nbsp;the biggest ice sheet in the world after Antarctica, has melted so much in the past decade that global sea levels rose by 1 centimetre.

During warmer months, meltwater meanders into lakes and streams on the surface of the ice sheet. Some of that water drains to the bottom of the ice sheet, falling through cracks and large fractures that form in the ice with movement and stress.

That meltwater contributes to more melting at the bottom of the ice sheet, which in turn promotes faster flow and increases the quantity of ice discharged into the ocean.

The study, published in the journal Nature Communications on Monday, says that 3.5 trillion tonnes of Greenland's ice sheet melted from 2011 to 2020.

Researchers from the University of Leeds Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling in Northern England found that it is melting at an exceptional rate, increasing 21 per cent in the past 40 years.

"Observations show that&nbsp;extreme melt events in Greenland have become more frequent and more intense—as well as more erratic—which is a global problem,"&nbsp;Lin Gilbert, co-author of the study,&nbsp;said in a statement.&nbsp;

The team used satellite data from&nbsp;the European Space Agency to estimate the elevation of the ice sheet.

It's a method that has previously been used on floating ice sheets around Antarctica.

They found that from 2011 to 2020, the runoff from Greenland's ice sheet averaged about 357 billion tonnes a year.

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has revealed that Greenland's ice sheet is melting rapidly from its base, and as a result, the melting water is contributing to sea level rise around the globe.

A new study has revealed that Greenland's ice sheet is melting rapidly from its base, and as a result, the melting water is contributing to sea level rise around the globe. The research study claims that Greenland's ice sheet, the biggest ice sheet in the world after Antarctica, has melted so much in the past decade that global sea levels rose by 1 centimetre. During warmer months, meltwater meanders into lakes and streams on the surface of the ice sheet. Some of that water drains to the bottom of the ice sheet, falling through cracks and large fractures that form in the ice with movement and stress. That meltwater contributes to more melting at the bottom of the ice sheet, which in turn promotes faster flow and increases the quantity of ice discharged into the ocean. The study, published in the journal Nature Communications on Monday, says that 3.5 trillion tonnes of Greenland's ice sheet melted from 2011 to 2020. Researchers from the University of Leeds Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling in Northern England found that it is melting at an exceptional rate, increasing 21 per cent in the past 40 years. "Observations show that extreme melt events in Greenland have become more frequent and more intense—as well as more erratic—which is a global problem," Lin Gilbert, co-author of the study, said in a statement. The team used satellite data from the European Space Agency to estimate the elevation of the ice sheet. It's a method that has previously been used on floating ice sheets around Antarctica. They found that from 2011 to 2020, the runoff from Greenland's ice sheet averaged about 357 billion tonnes a year. (With inputs from agencies)

Greenland’s ice sheet melting faster than previously thought, raising global sea level, says study

January 20 is celebrated as a Penguin Awareness Day. It is a day to not just talk about how cute these creatures are, but also think about saving them. Some researchers are already on their hunt to find a way to preserve these unique flightless birds. Take a look at their journey through Antarctica.

Penguin Awareness Day: Climate change is making Penguin colonies vanish

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