<p>Within 10 days of having successfully soft-landed Chandrayaan-3 near the Lunar South Pole (and making India the first nation to do so), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched a craft to study the Sun from afar. As Chandrayaan-3 nears the end of its planned operational life (14 earth days or one Lunar day) and goes to sleep soon, it is now for Aditya-L1 to stay awake and continue on its 125-day journey to the Lagrange Point 1 position, from where it will observe the sun.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Chandrayaan-3 soft-landed on August 23 and the Aditya-L1 mission was placed in its designated elliptical (egg-shaped) orbit around 1:00 pm (local time) on Saturday, August 2. Over the last 10 days, the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover have been performing in-situ experiments with their respective payloads and sharing the data. However, the end of the Lunar day time is closing in fast on the Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover. As the duo are solar-powered, they would not be able to function during the fortnight-long Lunar night.&nbsp;</p>

<p>“The Chandrayaan-3 Lander and Rover are functional and our payload teams are doing all th work...The Rover has traversed a distance of 100meters from the lander... In a day or two, we will start the process of putting the lander and rover to sleep, in order to withstand the lunar night (that lay ahead)” Dr S Somanath, Chairman of ISRO, said following the successful launch of the Aditya-L1 solar observatory satellite.&nbsp;</p>

<p>On average, the temperature during the Lunar day could be around 120 degrees Centigrade (For earthlings - that’s much more than the boiling point of water or more than twice the hottest recorded temperatures on Earth). Whereas the Lunar nights could get as cold as -130 degrees Centigrade (that’s almost twice the coldest temperature recorded on the Earth). At the Lunar poles, these temperatures could be even more extreme and hostile.&nbsp;</p>

<p>ISRO hinting that the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover are to be put to sleep, shows that the Indian space agency has the possible technological means and hope to make Vikram and Pragyan survive the Lunar night. Else, if the mission were to come to an end after the Lunar day, ISRO could have mentioned bidding permanent goodbye to the lander and rover.&nbsp;</p>

<p>By switching off all the on-board equipment and going into hibernation mode and protecting itself from the cold (comparable to covering oneself using a blanket), ISRO could possibly ensure that Chandrayaan-3 survives the Lunar night.</p>

<p>When the Lunar dawn breaks next (around the third week of September), if and when the lander and rover survive, they could again harness the power of the Sun and charge their batteries and continue to carry out their operations. Though a possibility, this could prove a serious bonus to ISRO’s exploratory activities near the Lunar South Pole region, which India temporarily has for itself to explore. However, both the lander and rover have to survive the night for the duo to function normally.&nbsp;</p>

<p>This is because the Lander craft is the primary and direct communication link with the Earth. If the lander cannot communicate directly, it could also use the services of the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter to relay its communications to Earth and receive new commands. However, the 26-kg rover is entirely dependent on the lander to receive commands and carry out communications, and data transfer.&nbsp;</p>

<p>“We are hoping that after the Lunar night it will come back, but it is not assured. This is because, all systems will go to minus 150degrees Centigrade temperature, which is far beyond the survival limit of may materials used on the lander craft. By design it is meant to live for 14days, but if we are lucky, we may get longer,” M. Sankaran, Director of ISRO’s UR Rao Satellite Centre had told WION.<br />
<br />
&nbsp;</p>

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Within 10 days of having successfully soft-landed Chandrayaan-3 near the Lunar South Pole (and making India the first nation to do so), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched a craft to study the Sun from afar.

Within 10 days of having successfully soft-landed Chandrayaan-3 near the Lunar South Pole (and making India the first nation to do so), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched a craft to study the Sun from afar. As Chandrayaan-3 nears the end of its planned operational life (14 earth days or one Lunar day) and goes to sleep soon, it is now for Aditya-L1 to stay awake and continue on its 125-day journey to the Lagrange Point 1 position, from where it will observe the sun. Chandrayaan-3 soft-landed on August 23 and the Aditya-L1 mission was placed in its designated elliptical (egg-shaped) orbit around 1:00 pm (local time) on Saturday, August 2. Over the last 10 days, the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover have been performing in-situ experiments with their respective payloads and sharing the data. However, the end of the Lunar day time is closing in fast on the Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover. As the duo are solar-powered, they would not be able to function during the fortnight-long Lunar night. “The Chandrayaan-3 Lander and Rover are functional and our payload teams are doing all th work...The Rover has traversed a distance of 100meters from the lander... In a day or two, we will start the process of putting the lander and rover to sleep, in order to withstand the lunar night (that lay ahead)” Dr S Somanath, Chairman of ISRO, said following the successful launch of the Aditya-L1 solar observatory satellite. On average, the temperature during the Lunar day could be around 120 degrees Centigrade (For earthlings - that’s much more than the boiling point of water or more than twice the hottest recorded temperatures on Earth). Whereas the Lunar nights could get as cold as -130 degrees Centigrade (that’s almost twice the coldest temperature recorded on the Earth). At the Lunar poles, these temperatures could be even more extreme and hostile. ISRO hinting that the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover are to be put to sleep, shows that the Indian space agency has the possible technological means and hope to make Vikram and Pragyan survive the Lunar night. Else, if the mission were to come to an end after the Lunar day, ISRO could have mentioned bidding permanent goodbye to the lander and rover. By switching off all the on-board equipment and going into hibernation mode and protecting itself from the cold (comparable to covering oneself using a blanket), ISRO could possibly ensure that Chandrayaan-3 survives the Lunar night. When the Lunar dawn breaks next (around the third week of September), if and when the lander and rover survive, they could again harness the power of the Sun and charge their batteries and continue to carry out their operations. Though a possibility, this could prove a serious bonus to ISRO’s exploratory activities near the Lunar South Pole region, which India temporarily has for itself to explore. However, both the lander and rover have to survive the night for the duo to function normally. This is because the Lander craft is the primary and direct communication link with the Earth. If the lander cannot communicate directly, it could also use the services of the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter to relay its communications to Earth and receive new commands. However, the 26-kg rover is entirely dependent on the lander to receive commands and carry out communications, and data transfer. “We are hoping that after the Lunar night it will come back, but it is not assured. This is because, all systems will go to minus 150degrees Centigrade temperature, which is far beyond the survival limit of may materials used on the lander craft. By design it is meant to live for 14days, but if we are lucky, we may get longer,” M. Sankaran, Director of ISRO’s UR Rao Satellite Centre had told WION. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

As India’s Aditya-L1 heads to study the Sun, Moon mission Chandrayaan-3 to fall asleep

<p>It is the rocket that marked India's foray into the elite league of space-faring nations and continues to make the country's flag fly high as a commercial launch service provider. India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) now heads into its 30th year of service. First launched in September 1993, the PSLV vehicle gradually went on to earn the title of India's workhorse rocket.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In its stellar operational life thus far, this four-staged rocket has made history for India by successfully launching India's maiden Moon Orbiter Chandrayaan-1, its maiden Mars Mission Mangalyaan and now is all set to launch India's maiden mission to study the Sun - Aditya-L1. It is very rare that a rocket serves for 30 years and undertakes three first-of-its-kind missions.</p>

<p>Given the rate at which re-usable rocket technology, clean-burning fuels, low-cost launch options and modern manufacturing processes are evolving, it is indeed a marvel that PSLV holds on amid the global competition. ISRO Chief Dr S Somnath also mentioned the impending retirement of PSLV after 30 more launches.</p>

<p>He reasoned that the manufacturing process was old, the rocket was based on 1980s technology with further cost reduction not possible and the vehicle used toxic and carcinogenic fuels.</p>

<p>For ISRO, PSLV is as robust as a rocket gets. In its 58 launches to date, the rocket has delivered successful outcomes in 55. That's a whopping 95 per cent success rate and is rivalled by very few rockets in the world. India's own LVM3 rocket, the biggest and most powerful to be built by ISRO has so far delivered successes in all seven of its missions and enjoys a 100 per cent success rate. However, in terms of number of missions undertaken and the versatile roles it has played, the PSLV stands taller than its muscular cousin, the LVM3.&nbsp;</p>

<p>While PSLV has remained the mainstay of ISRO for lofting commercial satellites, the LVM3 rocket also joined the commercial club from October 2022 onwards and lofted 36 internet-beaming satellites of the UK-based OneWeb. Over the years, the PSLV rocket has launched well over 350 satellites for Indian and foreign customers, while the LVM3 has launched 72 customer satellites, all belonging to OneWeb.</p>

<p>In 2017, India created a world record using its PSLV rocket by placing 104 satellites in orbit, the highest-ever to be launched in a single mission. This record remained unbeaten until 2021, when the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which is exponentially more powerful and capable than the humble PSLV managed to loft 143 satellites into orbit, in a single go.&nbsp;</p>

<p>At the heart of the PSLV or its core stage is the Vikas engine, an Indo-French engine powered by Earth-storable liquid fuels. This engine is a crucial part of Indian spacefaring rockets and is a living and long-lasting testimony of the India-France space cooperation. The Vikas engine finds place in the GSLV rocket and the LVM3 rocket and is also the most powerful yet, Earth-storable liquid fuelled engine of ISRO.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;After moon, India aims for the sun</strong></p>

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<h2><strong>Aditya L-1 mission</strong></h2>

<p>At 12:10 pm Indian Standard Time (IST) on Friday (September 1), the countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday (September 2) at 11:50 am, India's PSLV rocket XL (largest configuration) will lift off from the second launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun.</p>

<p>Titled Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space, in a span of approximately 120 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 or L1, a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun.&nbsp;</p>

<p>While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only one per cent of the Earth-Sun distance, unlike the Solar Parker Probe from NASA that flew a few million miles in the vicinity of the Sun. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/explained-the-why-what-when-where-and-how-of-indias-aditya-l1-sun-mission-631556"><strong>Also read | Explained: The Why, What, When, Where and How of India's Aditya-L1 Sun mission</strong></a></p>

<p>According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real-time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors.</p>

<p>Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE:&nbsp;</strong></p>

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It is the rocket that marked India's foray into the elite league of space-faring nations and continues to make the country's flag fly high as a commercial launch service provider.

It is the rocket that marked India's foray into the elite league of space-faring nations and continues to make the country's flag fly high as a commercial launch service provider. India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) now heads into its 30th year of service. First launched in September 1993, the PSLV vehicle gradually went on to earn the title of India's workhorse rocket. In its stellar operational life thus far, this four-staged rocket has made history for India by successfully launching India's maiden Moon Orbiter Chandrayaan-1, its maiden Mars Mission Mangalyaan and now is all set to launch India's maiden mission to study the Sun - Aditya-L1. It is very rare that a rocket serves for 30 years and undertakes three first-of-its-kind missions. Given the rate at which re-usable rocket technology, clean-burning fuels, low-cost launch options and modern manufacturing processes are evolving, it is indeed a marvel that PSLV holds on amid the global competition. ISRO Chief Dr S Somnath also mentioned the impending retirement of PSLV after 30 more launches. He reasoned that the manufacturing process was old, the rocket was based on 1980s technology with further cost reduction not possible and the vehicle used toxic and carcinogenic fuels. For ISRO, PSLV is as robust as a rocket gets. In its 58 launches to date, the rocket has delivered successful outcomes in 55. That's a whopping 95 per cent success rate and is rivalled by very few rockets in the world. India's own LVM3 rocket, the biggest and most powerful to be built by ISRO has so far delivered successes in all seven of its missions and enjoys a 100 per cent success rate. However, in terms of number of missions undertaken and the versatile roles it has played, the PSLV stands taller than its muscular cousin, the LVM3. While PSLV has remained the mainstay of ISRO for lofting commercial satellites, the LVM3 rocket also joined the commercial club from October 2022 onwards and lofted 36 internet-beaming satellites of the UK-based OneWeb. Over the years, the PSLV rocket has launched well over 350 satellites for Indian and foreign customers, while the LVM3 has launched 72 customer satellites, all belonging to OneWeb. In 2017, India created a world record using its PSLV rocket by placing 104 satellites in orbit, the highest-ever to be launched in a single mission. This record remained unbeaten until 2021, when the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which is exponentially more powerful and capable than the humble PSLV managed to loft 143 satellites into orbit, in a single go. At the heart of the PSLV or its core stage is the Vikas engine, an Indo-French engine powered by Earth-storable liquid fuels. This engine is a crucial part of Indian spacefaring rockets and is a living and long-lasting testimony of the India-France space cooperation. The Vikas engine finds place in the GSLV rocket and the LVM3 rocket and is also the most powerful yet, Earth-storable liquid fuelled engine of ISRO. Also watch | After moon, India aims for the sun × Aditya L-1 mission At 12:10 pm Indian Standard Time (IST) on Friday (September 1), the countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday (September 2) at 11:50 am, India's PSLV rocket XL (largest configuration) will lift off from the second launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun. Titled Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space, in a span of approximately 120 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 or L1, a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun. While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only one per cent of the Earth-Sun distance, unlike the Solar Parker Probe from NASA that flew a few million miles in the vicinity of the Sun. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon. Also read | Explained: The Why, What, When, Where and How of India's Aditya-L1 Sun mission According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real-time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Moon, Mars and now Sun - PSLV, India's versatile workhorse rocket turns 30

<p>At 12:10 pm on September 1, the 24-hour countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota.&nbsp;</p>

<p>At the end of this countdown, Saturday at 11:50am, India's PSLV rocket in its XL configuration lifted-off carrying the world's most populous nation's maiden mission to study the sun.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Named Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space, during a span of approximately 120 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 or L1, a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun.&nbsp;</p>

<p>To understand the science and applications of Aditya-L1, WION spoke to Prof Ramesh from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA).&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, the IIA has contributed the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph payload for this mission and Prof Ramesh is the Principal Investigator of the same.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only 1 per cent if the Earth-Sun distance, unlike NASA's Parker Solar Probe that has flown a few million miles in the vicinity of the Sun. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon.&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;<br />
"Studies related to the Sun can be carried out from ground-based observatories, but they are limited by the day-night cycle. So, an agency would require multiple stations across the earth to study the sun continuously, but each of these observatories would offer their own data (based on the unique characteristics of the equipment). Also, the earth's atmosphere and dust particles scatter the radiation coming in from the sun and affect the quality of the data" Prof Ramesh from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics told WION.&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Explaining the exterior layers of the sun, he said that the sun's Photosphere emitted the strongest light, the photosphere is then covered by the Chromosphere (which extends 1000s of kms) and finally there is the Corona (Sun's outermost layer).&nbsp;</p>

<p>"The Corona emits light, but it is million times less intense than that of the Photosphere. Therefore, it is only during a solar eclipse(when moon covers the sun's Photosphere by coming in the path between earth and Sun) that we are able to study the faint light from the Corona" he added.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, eclipses happen only one or twice a year and the data from eclipses which last a few minutes would be insufficient to study transient changes.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
On the Aditya-L1 craft, we have a device known as Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), which is capable of artificially blocking the light of the Photosphere and studying the light from the Corona.&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
"We are interested in studying the Corona owing to its dynamic nature and regular eruptions from the Corona(Coronal Mass Ejections), where charged particles from the sun travel at 3000km/sec speeds. At this speed, it can reach the earth in around 15hours, he explained.</p>

<p>Such phenomena can affect the electronics and solar panels of satellites orbiting the earth, it can also cause geomagnetic storms that can temporarily swell up earth's atmosphere and drag satellites that are flying as low as 200km&nbsp;orbit.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/isro-commences-countdown-for-maiden-sun-mission-aditya-l1-launch-631132">ISRO commences countdown for launch of maiden sun mission Aditya-L1</a></strong></p>

<p>Such incidents can even known out high-tension power lines (as it happened in Quebec City Canada and In Zurich Airport).&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;<br />
From the L1 vantage point, around which the spacecraft will be circling, the VELC payload will be able to image the sun's corona every single minute and help researchers understand the fast changes in Solar atmosphere.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;After moon, India aims for the sun</strong></p>

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<p>Using a Polarimeter, we can also measure and predict which sun spots(dark regions with strong magnetic fields, where even light cannot enter) can erupt and lead to Coronal Mass ejections. in future, this could help us predict any danger to satellites around earth, assess which CMEs will reach earth and which won't.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, when such high-speed particles from the Sun reach the earth's atmosphere, the upper layers of the atmosphere act as a barrier and divert the charged particles to earth's poles, thereby causing the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) and Southern Lights (Aurora Australis), a dazzling display of light blue-green-yellow-red lights in the winter night skies near the earths north polar and south polar regions.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

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<p>You can <strong>now write for wionews.com</strong> and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.</strong></p>


At 12:10 pm on September 1, the 24-hour countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, Saturday at 11:50am, India's PSLV rocket in its XL configuration lifted-off carrying the world's most populous nation's maiden mission to study the sun.

At 12:10 pm on September 1, the 24-hour countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, Saturday at 11:50am, India's PSLV rocket in its XL configuration lifted-off carrying the world's most populous nation's maiden mission to study the sun. Named Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space, during a span of approximately 120 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 or L1, a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun. To understand the science and applications of Aditya-L1, WION spoke to Prof Ramesh from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA). Notably, the IIA has contributed the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph payload for this mission and Prof Ramesh is the Principal Investigator of the same. While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only 1 per cent if the Earth-Sun distance, unlike NASA's Parker Solar Probe that has flown a few million miles in the vicinity of the Sun. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon. "Studies related to the Sun can be carried out from ground-based observatories, but they are limited by the day-night cycle. So, an agency would require multiple stations across the earth to study the sun continuously, but each of these observatories would offer their own data (based on the unique characteristics of the equipment). Also, the earth's atmosphere and dust particles scatter the radiation coming in from the sun and affect the quality of the data" Prof Ramesh from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics told WION. Explaining the exterior layers of the sun, he said that the sun's Photosphere emitted the strongest light, the photosphere is then covered by the Chromosphere (which extends 1000s of kms) and finally there is the Corona (Sun's outermost layer). "The Corona emits light, but it is million times less intense than that of the Photosphere. Therefore, it is only during a solar eclipse(when moon covers the sun's Photosphere by coming in the path between earth and Sun) that we are able to study the faint light from the Corona" he added. However, eclipses happen only one or twice a year and the data from eclipses which last a few minutes would be insufficient to study transient changes. On the Aditya-L1 craft, we have a device known as Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), which is capable of artificially blocking the light of the Photosphere and studying the light from the Corona. "We are interested in studying the Corona owing to its dynamic nature and regular eruptions from the Corona(Coronal Mass Ejections), where charged particles from the sun travel at 3000km/sec speeds. At this speed, it can reach the earth in around 15hours, he explained. Such phenomena can affect the electronics and solar panels of satellites orbiting the earth, it can also cause geomagnetic storms that can temporarily swell up earth's atmosphere and drag satellites that are flying as low as 200km orbit. Also read | ISRO commences countdown for launch of maiden sun mission Aditya-L1 Such incidents can even known out high-tension power lines (as it happened in Quebec City Canada and In Zurich Airport). From the L1 vantage point, around which the spacecraft will be circling, the VELC payload will be able to image the sun's corona every single minute and help researchers understand the fast changes in Solar atmosphere. Also watch | After moon, India aims for the sun × Using a Polarimeter, we can also measure and predict which sun spots(dark regions with strong magnetic fields, where even light cannot enter) can erupt and lead to Coronal Mass ejections. in future, this could help us predict any danger to satellites around earth, assess which CMEs will reach earth and which won't. Notably, when such high-speed particles from the Sun reach the earth's atmosphere, the upper layers of the atmosphere act as a barrier and divert the charged particles to earth's poles, thereby causing the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) and Southern Lights (Aurora Australis), a dazzling display of light blue-green-yellow-red lights in the winter night skies near the earths north polar and south polar regions. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained | The Why, What, When, Where and How of India's Aditya-L1 Sun mission

<p>In India, Gods and beliefs are aplenty. As India's Aditya-L1 mission heads on its 1.5 million kilometre voyage to the L1 vantage point in interplanetary space, special prayers and pujas were held at the 'Suryanar'&nbsp;Sun temple in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu. Though there are detractors questioning the intermingling of faith and space science, devotees believe that divine intervention can also help.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Watch the video here:</strong></p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Special prayers &amp;puja at the Suryanar(Surya Bhagavan) temple in Kumbakonam district <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tamilnadu?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tamilnadu</a>, for the success of India's maiden sun mission <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/adityaL1?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#adityaL1</a> that's lifting off mins from now<br />
<br />
This temple has a separate sanctum sanctorum for Sun god <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/faith?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#faith</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/science?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#science</a> <a href="https://t.co/ozGLhex7DU">pic.twitter.com/ozGLhex7DU</a></p>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1697854574558839141?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 2, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>According to a devotee, D. Govindaraju, there is a separate sanctum sanctorum for the Sun God at the Suryanar temple and special pujas have been carried out for the success of Aditya-L1, which is on a 125-day voyage to its destination, close to the sun. The L1 point or Lagrange point 1 is situated at 1 per cent of the distance between the Earth and the Sun. The Indian craft launched at Saturday noon (Sept 2) will reach there only by January 2024 and begin conducting its experiments, as it will have an unobstructed view of the Sun.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, this mission launch which has been executed flawlessly is the 59th lift-off of the PSLV rocket, and also marks the PSLV entering its 30th year of service for India.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/india-news/business-economy/pslvc57-all-about-adityal1-launch-vehicle-1693634773396"><strong>Also read:&nbsp;PSLV-C57: All about Aditya-L1 Launch Vehicle</strong></a></p>

<p>Earlier too, temples in Tamil Nadu had performed pujas at the 'Chandranaar' moon temple as India's uncrewed moon landing mission Chandrayaan-3 lifted off, and attempted a lunar landing and did so successfully.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>About Aditya L1</strong></h2>

<p>The Aditya L1 mission will carry out seven science experiments and will collect data for the next five years.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;Aditya L1: First Indian space mission to study sun</strong></p>

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<p>The mission has been designed to provide remote observations of the solar corona and record solar winds. The Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), the primary payload of Aditya L1 will send 1,440 images every day to the ground station for analysis after reaching the intended orbit.</p>

<p>The satellite and its payloads will revolve around the Sun and will observe the Sun continuously without any eclipses. This will help observe solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time.</p>

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In India, Gods and beliefs are aplenty. As India's Aditya-L1 mission heads on its 1.5 million kilometre voyage to the L1 vantage point in interplanetary space, special prayers and pujas were held at the 'Suryanar' Sun temple in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu.

In India, Gods and beliefs are aplenty. As India's Aditya-L1 mission heads on its 1.5 million kilometre voyage to the L1 vantage point in interplanetary space, special prayers and pujas were held at the 'Suryanar' Sun temple in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu. Though there are detractors questioning the intermingling of faith and space science, devotees believe that divine intervention can also help. Watch the video here: Special prayers &puja at the Suryanar(Surya Bhagavan) temple in Kumbakonam district #tamilnadu, for the success of India's maiden sun mission #isro #adityaL1 that's lifting off mins from now This temple has a separate sanctum sanctorum for Sun god #india #faith #science pic.twitter.com/ozGLhex7DU — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) September 2, 2023 × According to a devotee, D. Govindaraju, there is a separate sanctum sanctorum for the Sun God at the Suryanar temple and special pujas have been carried out for the success of Aditya-L1, which is on a 125-day voyage to its destination, close to the sun. The L1 point or Lagrange point 1 is situated at 1 per cent of the distance between the Earth and the Sun. The Indian craft launched at Saturday noon (Sept 2) will reach there only by January 2024 and begin conducting its experiments, as it will have an unobstructed view of the Sun. Notably, this mission launch which has been executed flawlessly is the 59th lift-off of the PSLV rocket, and also marks the PSLV entering its 30th year of service for India. Also read: PSLV-C57: All about Aditya-L1 Launch Vehicle Earlier too, temples in Tamil Nadu had performed pujas at the 'Chandranaar' moon temple as India's uncrewed moon landing mission Chandrayaan-3 lifted off, and attempted a lunar landing and did so successfully. About Aditya L1 The Aditya L1 mission will carry out seven science experiments and will collect data for the next five years. Watch: Aditya L1: First Indian space mission to study sun × The mission has been designed to provide remote observations of the solar corona and record solar winds. The Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), the primary payload of Aditya L1 will send 1,440 images every day to the ground station for analysis after reaching the intended orbit. The satellite and its payloads will revolve around the Sun and will observe the Sun continuously without any eclipses. This will help observe solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Aditya-L1: Special puja and prayers at 'Sun temple' for India's maiden sun mission

<p>At 12.10 pm on Friday (Sept 1), the 23 hours 40 minutes countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday noon, India's PSLV rocket in its XL variant will lift off from the first launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun.</p>

<p>Titled Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space&nbsp;in a span of approximately 125 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 (L1), a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun.&nbsp;</p>

<p>While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only 1 per cent of the Earth-Sun distance, unlike crafts from NASA that have flown a few million miles in the vicinity of the giant star. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. <o:p></o:p></p>

<p>The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p>On Wednesday, the Indian space agency announced the completion of the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden sun-observing mission.</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission:<br />
The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs.<br />
<br />
The launch can be watched LIVE<br />
on ISRO Website <a href="https://t.co/osrHMk7MZL">https://t.co/osrHMk7MZL</a><br />
Facebook <a href="https://t.co/zugXQAYy1y">https://t.co/zugXQAYy1y</a><br />
YouTube…</p>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1697506899242217921?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are carried out in a simulated fashion.</p>

<p>The purpose of the&nbsp;countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated time period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process.</p>

<p>According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point&nbsp;provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-spots-likely-crash-site-of-russias-luna-25-failed-lunar-probe-631076">Final resting place of Russia's Luna-25 lunar probe likely spotted. See photos</a></p>

<p>Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads will directly view the sun and the remaining three payloads will carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/heres-the-list-of-isros-upcoming-missions-for-2023-24-631118">Here's the list of ISRO's upcoming missions for 2023-24</a></p>

<p>The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc., ISRO said.</p>

<p>Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar south pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so.</p>

<p>With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the other countries.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

<p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe></p>


At 12.10 pm on Friday (Sept 1), the 23 hours 40 minutes countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday noon, India's PSLV rocket in its XL variant will lift off from the first launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun.

At 12.10 pm on Friday (Sept 1), the 23 hours 40 minutes countdown timer began ticking at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Sriharikota. At the end of this countdown, on Saturday noon, India's PSLV rocket in its XL variant will lift off from the first launchpad of India's spaceport, carrying the nation's maiden mission to study the sun. Titled Aditya-L1, the craft will cover a distance of 1.5 million kilometres in space in a span of approximately 125 days. The craft will be travelling to Lagrange Point 1 (L1), a vantage point from where it would have an unobstructed view of the sun. While this is a mission to study the sun, it would be travelling only 1 per cent of the Earth-Sun distance, unlike crafts from NASA that have flown a few million miles in the vicinity of the giant star. The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 150 million kilometres. The launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after India soft-landed its Chandrayaan-3 craft (comprising a lander and rover) on the moon. On Wednesday, the Indian space agency announced the completion of the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden sun-observing mission. PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs. The launch can be watched LIVE on ISRO Website https://t.co/osrHMk7MZL Facebook https://t.co/zugXQAYy1y YouTube… — ISRO (@isro) September 1, 2023 × During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are carried out in a simulated fashion. The purpose of the countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated time period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process. According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors. Also read | Final resting place of Russia's Luna-25 lunar probe likely spotted. See photos Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads will directly view the sun and the remaining three payloads will carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. Also read | Here's the list of ISRO's upcoming missions for 2023-24 The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc., ISRO said. Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar south pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the other countries. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

ISRO commences countdown for launch of maiden sun mission Aditya-L1

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<p>As ISRO gears up for the launch of India's maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, the space agency Chairman Dr S Somanath has revealed the packed schedule that lies ahead. Dr Somanath offered prayers at the Changalamman Devi temple near the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport, ahead of the 24-hour countdown that commences for the Aditya-L1/PSLV-C57 mission.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Today the countdown for PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 is starting, (Saturday) tomorrow noon we will have the launch at 11:50. It'll take almost an hour for the satellite to reach the required location (orbit) and inject. It'll take another 125 days to travel from Earth to its destination L1 point or Lagrange Point," Dr Somanath said.</p>

<p>The L1 point is 1.5 million kilometres away from Earth and is barely one per cent of the 150 million km Earth-Sun distance. Queried on the risk of high temperature at the L1 point, he said that it would be similar to that of the Earth.&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">As the countdown for India's maiden solar observatory mission <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AdityaL1?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AdityaL1</a> is to begin at 11:50noon today, <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> chairman Dr. S. Somanath &amp; SDSC leadership offer prayers at Chengalamman temple near the spaceport <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AndhraPradesh?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AndhraPradesh</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AdityaL1Mission?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AdityaL1Mission</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/sun?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#sun</a><br />
<br />
🚀tomo 11:50noon <a href="https://t.co/mSEnqTNs6w">pic.twitter.com/mSEnqTNs6w</a></p>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1697466246961504520?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>"After Aditya-L1, we have Gaganyaan test vehicle launch (for validating in-flight crew escape system) by October first or second week, then we have GSLV launch of INSAT-3DS satellite for India, then SSLV-D3 (third flight of India's newest and smaller rocket), then PSLV, then LVM3 and like that we continue," he said, regarding ISRO's upcoming missions. ISRO follows a financial year and therefore all aforesaid missions and more are likely to be executed only by March 2024.&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">"Next launch is <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AdityaL1?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AdityaL1</a>, then by Oct-mid Gaganyaan in-flight crew escape system demo TV-D1, then GSLV INSAT 3DS, then SSLV-D3, then PSLV, then LVM3 and so on..." <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> chief Dr. S. Somanath elaborates on 2023-24 launch calendar.. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Science?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Science</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tech?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tech</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISROMissions?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISROMissions</a> <a href="https://t.co/xuX418KkGg">pic.twitter.com/xuX418KkGg</a></p>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1697479637704839214?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 1, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>On Wednesday (August 30), the Indian Space Agency completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden sun-observing mission.&nbsp;</p>

<p>During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are simulated and run through.</p>

<p>The purpose of a countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/aditya-l1-launch-live-streaming-heres-how-to-watch-isros-first-solar-mission-launch-on-tv-online-631115"><strong>Also read |&nbsp;Aditya L1 launch live streaming: Here's how to watch ISRO's first solar mission launch on TV &amp; online</strong></a></p>

<p>The Aditya-L1 mission is slated for lift-off on Saturday noon, September 2 at 11:50 am Indian Standard Time (IST). The PSLV rocket in its XL configuration stands at the first launch pad of India's Satish Dhawan Space Centre Spaceport.&nbsp;</p>

<p>According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic, particle and magnetic field detectors.</p>

<p>Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/aditya-l1-mission-isro-completes-rehearsal-successfully-630867"><strong>Watch |&nbsp;Aditya-L1 mission: ISRO completes rehearsal successfully</strong></a></p>

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<p>The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particle and fields, ISRO said.</p>

<p>Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar South Pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the other countries.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE:&nbsp;</strong></p>

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As ISRO gears up for the launch of India's maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, the space agency Chairman Dr S Somanath has revealed the packed schedule that lies ahead.

As ISRO gears up for the launch of India's maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, the space agency Chairman Dr S Somanath has revealed the packed schedule that lies ahead. Dr Somanath offered prayers at the Changalamman Devi temple near the Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport, ahead of the 24-hour countdown that commences for the Aditya-L1/PSLV-C57 mission. "Today the countdown for PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 is starting, (Saturday) tomorrow noon we will have the launch at 11:50. It'll take almost an hour for the satellite to reach the required location (orbit) and inject. It'll take another 125 days to travel from Earth to its destination L1 point or Lagrange Point," Dr Somanath said. The L1 point is 1.5 million kilometres away from Earth and is barely one per cent of the 150 million km Earth-Sun distance. Queried on the risk of high temperature at the L1 point, he said that it would be similar to that of the Earth. As the countdown for India's maiden solar observatory mission #AdityaL1 is to begin at 11:50noon today, #isro chairman Dr. S. Somanath & SDSC leadership offer prayers at Chengalamman temple near the spaceport #AndhraPradesh #AdityaL1Mission #india #space #sun 🚀tomo 11:50noon pic.twitter.com/mSEnqTNs6w — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) September 1, 2023 × "After Aditya-L1, we have Gaganyaan test vehicle launch (for validating in-flight crew escape system) by October first or second week, then we have GSLV launch of INSAT-3DS satellite for India, then SSLV-D3 (third flight of India's newest and smaller rocket), then PSLV, then LVM3 and like that we continue," he said, regarding ISRO's upcoming missions. ISRO follows a financial year and therefore all aforesaid missions and more are likely to be executed only by March 2024. "Next launch is #AdityaL1, then by Oct-mid Gaganyaan in-flight crew escape system demo TV-D1, then GSLV INSAT 3DS, then SSLV-D3, then PSLV, then LVM3 and so on..." #isro chief Dr. S. Somanath elaborates on 2023-24 launch calendar.. #space #Science #tech #india #ISROMissions pic.twitter.com/xuX418KkGg — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) September 1, 2023 × On Wednesday (August 30), the Indian Space Agency completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden sun-observing mission. During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are simulated and run through. The purpose of a countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process. Also read | Aditya L1 launch live streaming: Here's how to watch ISRO's first solar mission launch on TV & online The Aditya-L1 mission is slated for lift-off on Saturday noon, September 2 at 11:50 am Indian Standard Time (IST). The PSLV rocket in its XL configuration stands at the first launch pad of India's Satish Dhawan Space Centre Spaceport. According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic, particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. Watch | Aditya-L1 mission: ISRO completes rehearsal successfully × The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particle and fields, ISRO said. Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the lunar South Pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the other countries. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Here's the list of ISRO's upcoming missions for 2023-24

<p>The Indian Navy and US Navy anti-submarine warfare experts and Poseidon P-8 aircraft crew conducted flying exercises and information exchange. The week-long training and interactions were conducted at the Indian Naval Base INS Rajali, near Chennai. Notably, the Royal Australian Air Force P-8 plane had also visited INS Rajali, a few months back for a joint exercise with the Indian Navy.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The Boeing P-8 is a long-range, multi-mission, maritime patrol aircraft that is capable of conducting Anti-submarine warfare(ASW), anti-surface warfare, search and rescue, and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions. The Indian variant of the P-8 is known as the P-8I and possesses sensors and related technologies that are customized for the requirements of the Indian Navy. The version of the P8 used by the US Navy and other forces is designated as the P-8A.</p>

<p>The US Navy was represented by the “Tridents” of Patrol Squadron (VP) 26, whereas the Indian Navy was represented by the "Albatross" of the Indian Naval Air Squadron (INAS) 312 at INS Rajali. INAS 312 is one of two Indian Navy squadrons operating the P-8I aircraft. In addition to INS Rajali, India's P-8Is also operate out of INS Hansa, Goa.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/its-official-indian-govt-announces-selection-of-26-navy-rafale-to-boost-indian-navy-615831">It's official, Indian govt announces selection of 26 Navy Rafale to boost Indian Navy</a></strong></p>

<p>"The subject matter expert exchange focused on improving interoperability between the two navies’ maritime patrol and reconnaissance forces. It included training on ASW and information sharing on specific maritime challenges in the Indian Ocean. One VP 26 P-8A Poseidon aircraft and one INAS 312 P-8I Poseidon aircraft participated in the exchange," said a statement from the US Consulate General, Chennai.</p>

<p>“This is a great opportunity to strengthen our partnership with India and improve our ability to work together to protect the maritime commons,” said Lt. Ryan Speir, VP-26’s detachment officer in charge. “The P-8A is a highly capable aircraft that plays a vital role in ASW operations, and this professional exchange will ensure that we are able to effectively use this asset in a combined environment.”</p>

<p>The two squadrons participated in flying and non-flying activities, which included discussions on operational planning, maintenance training and logistical support. In addition to this, they also performed coordinated flying activities with Indian Navy surface ships.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFGBJwTqdT8">WION Exclusive Ground Report - How Indian Navy hunts submarines from up above</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>The UN Navy's VP-26 “Tridents” are based in Jacksonville, Florida, and are currently forward deployed to Misawa Air Base, Japan. The squadron conducts maritime patrol and reconnaissance as part of a rotational deployment to the US&nbsp;7th Fleet area of operations. The 7th Fleet is the US Navy's largest forward-deployed numbered fleet and routinely interacts and operates with allies and partners in preserving a free and open Indo-Pacific region.</p>

<p>With India's increasing purchases of American-origin military hardware in recent decades, there is increasing scope for joint exercises and closer coordination between the forces operating similar platforms. The Indian Air Force has a fleet of Boeing C-17 Globemaster III Strategic airlifter planes, a fleet of Lockheed Martin C-130J Hercules tactical airlifter planes, Boeing AH-64E Apache Helicopters and Chinook Tander-rotor heavy lift helicopters.</p>

<p>In addition to the Boeing P-8I, the Indian Navy operates multi-role Sikorsky MH-60 Romeo Helicopters and also US-origin General Atomics Sea Guardian long-range surveillance drones.<br />
<br />
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The Indian Navy and US Navy anti-submarine warfare experts and Poseidon P-8 aircraft crew conducted flying exercises and information exchange. The week-long training and interactions were conducted at the Indian Naval Base INS Rajali, near Chennai.

The Indian Navy and US Navy anti-submarine warfare experts and Poseidon P-8 aircraft crew conducted flying exercises and information exchange. The week-long training and interactions were conducted at the Indian Naval Base INS Rajali, near Chennai. Notably, the Royal Australian Air Force P-8 plane had also visited INS Rajali, a few months back for a joint exercise with the Indian Navy. The Boeing P-8 is a long-range, multi-mission, maritime patrol aircraft that is capable of conducting Anti-submarine warfare(ASW), anti-surface warfare, search and rescue, and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions. The Indian variant of the P-8 is known as the P-8I and possesses sensors and related technologies that are customized for the requirements of the Indian Navy. The version of the P8 used by the US Navy and other forces is designated as the P-8A. The US Navy was represented by the “Tridents” of Patrol Squadron (VP) 26, whereas the Indian Navy was represented by the "Albatross" of the Indian Naval Air Squadron (INAS) 312 at INS Rajali. INAS 312 is one of two Indian Navy squadrons operating the P-8I aircraft. In addition to INS Rajali, India's P-8Is also operate out of INS Hansa, Goa. Also read | It's official, Indian govt announces selection of 26 Navy Rafale to boost Indian Navy "The subject matter expert exchange focused on improving interoperability between the two navies’ maritime patrol and reconnaissance forces. It included training on ASW and information sharing on specific maritime challenges in the Indian Ocean. One VP 26 P-8A Poseidon aircraft and one INAS 312 P-8I Poseidon aircraft participated in the exchange," said a statement from the US Consulate General, Chennai. “This is a great opportunity to strengthen our partnership with India and improve our ability to work together to protect the maritime commons,” said Lt. Ryan Speir, VP-26’s detachment officer in charge. “The P-8A is a highly capable aircraft that plays a vital role in ASW operations, and this professional exchange will ensure that we are able to effectively use this asset in a combined environment.” The two squadrons participated in flying and non-flying activities, which included discussions on operational planning, maintenance training and logistical support. In addition to this, they also performed coordinated flying activities with Indian Navy surface ships. Also watch | WION Exclusive Ground Report - How Indian Navy hunts submarines from up above The UN Navy's VP-26 “Tridents” are based in Jacksonville, Florida, and are currently forward deployed to Misawa Air Base, Japan. The squadron conducts maritime patrol and reconnaissance as part of a rotational deployment to the US 7th Fleet area of operations. The 7th Fleet is the US Navy's largest forward-deployed numbered fleet and routinely interacts and operates with allies and partners in preserving a free and open Indo-Pacific region. With India's increasing purchases of American-origin military hardware in recent decades, there is increasing scope for joint exercises and closer coordination between the forces operating similar platforms. The Indian Air Force has a fleet of Boeing C-17 Globemaster III Strategic airlifter planes, a fleet of Lockheed Martin C-130J Hercules tactical airlifter planes, Boeing AH-64E Apache Helicopters and Chinook Tander-rotor heavy lift helicopters. In addition to the Boeing P-8I, the Indian Navy operates multi-role Sikorsky MH-60 Romeo Helicopters and also US-origin General Atomics Sea Guardian long-range surveillance drones. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Indian and US Navy P8 planes practice submarine-hunting in Indian Ocean

<p>The Indian Space Agency has completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden Sun-observing mission. Titled 'Aditya-L1', the mission is meant to travel 1.5 million kilometres away from the Earth and observe the sun from an orbit around the obstruction-free vantage point known as Lagrangian Point 1 or L1. This mission is travelling barely 1 per cent of the 150 million kilometre Earth-Sun distance.&nbsp;</p>

<p>During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are carried out. The purpose of a countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated time period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process.</p>

<p>The Aditya-L1 mission is slated for lift-off on Saturday, 2nd September, at 11:50 am Indian time. The PSLV rocket in its XL configuration stands at the first launch pad of India's Satish Dhawan Space Centre Spaceport.&nbsp;</p>

<p>According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.</p>

<p>The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc., ISRO said.</p>

<p>Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the Lunar South Pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the others.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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The Indian Space Agency has completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden Sun-observing mission.

The Indian Space Agency has completed the launch rehearsal and crucial checks ahead of Saturday's high-profile launch of the nation's maiden Sun-observing mission. Titled 'Aditya-L1', the mission is meant to travel 1.5 million kilometres away from the Earth and observe the sun from an orbit around the obstruction-free vantage point known as Lagrangian Point 1 or L1. This mission is travelling barely 1 per cent of the 150 million kilometre Earth-Sun distance. During a launch rehearsal, the entire process of the countdown is carried out in a simulated manner. The vehicle health checks, fuel filling processes, and monitoring of various technical parameters associated with the rocket and satellite are carried out. The purpose of a countdown is not just about the clock ticking away. Instead, the primary purpose of the countdown is to ensure that the specified tasks are carried out perfectly within the stipulated time period. A series of tasks and safety measures have to be undertaken in preparation for the launch and that is what happens during the countdown. The launch rehearsal is a simulation of this entire process. The Aditya-L1 mission is slated for lift-off on Saturday, 2nd September, at 11:50 am Indian time. The PSLV rocket in its XL configuration stands at the first launch pad of India's Satish Dhawan Space Centre Spaceport. According to ISRO, placing the spacecraft at the L1 point provides a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and their effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. The Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc., ISRO said. Notably, the launch of Aditya-L1 comes barely 10 days after ISRO successfully soft-landed the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the Lunar South Pole, thereby making India the first nation to do so. With this successful soft-landing, India became the fourth nation to ever soft-land a craft on the lunar surface. The erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China are the others. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

ISRO completes rehearsal of Sun mission Aditya-L1’s Saturday launch

<p>Barely ten days after the successful soft-landing of the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the Lunar South Pole, the Indian space agency is ready for its next launch, on Saturday 2nd September at 11:50 am (Indian Standard Time).</p>

<p>This time around, ISRO will be launching its maiden mission to study the sun and solar phenomenon. The mission is titled Aditya-L1, on board the PSLV C57 rocket.</p>

<p>L1 refers to the vantage point around which the craft will be positioning itself to study the sun, without any obstructions. This L1 point, or Lagrangian point 1 is situated 1.5 million kms away from the Earth. The distance between Earth and the sun is 150 million kilometres and it would take 4 months from launch for the Aditya-L1 craft to reach its destination.</p>

<p>"The preparation for Aditya-L1 is going on really well. At the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, final checks are being carried out on the spacecraft and the PSLV rocket(mission number C57) for this mission is being assembled," A.Rajarajan, the Director of the spaceport had told WION, on August 23rd.</p>

<p>Speaking to WION after the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3, he had said that the Aditya-L1 mission is to be launched in the first week of September. So far, the Indian space agency has launched six missions in the year 2023. While four of these missions were for India's own national and scientific purposes, two of them have been missions for foreign customers. ISRO has had a great year with successes in all launch missions.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, the launch activity of ISRO had drastically slowed down in 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This had caused delays to several missions and led to a backlog in the activity.</p>

<p>Queried about how the spaceport is handling various missions simultaneously, Rajarajan told WION that the team had learnt several lessons during the pandemic and accordingly made their work processes more optimised and efficient. He indicated how ISRO had been able to fulfil both national and commercial missions, while also making arrangements for Indian space sector startups to use their facilities for development and testing activities.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Further queried about how the launch calendar looked for the next four months, he said that there could be four launches including Aditya-L1, experimental flights as part of the Gaganyaan development programme, followed by PSLV and GSLV launches.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In 2022, the Indian space agency designated senior Solar Scientist Dr. Sankarasubramanian as the Principal Scientist of the 'Aditya-L1' Mission.</p>

<p>He heads the Space Astronomy Group (SAG) of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, Bengaluru and has contributed to ISRO missions, such as Chandrayaan 1 &amp;2, and AstroSat, in several capacities.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Aditya-L1 is the first observatory-class space-based solar mission from India.</p>

<p>The spacecraft is to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point, L1, of the Sun-Earth system.</p>

<p>A satellite around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without occultation/eclipses. This position provides a greater advantage of observing solar activities continuously.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/moon-mission-successful-indias-sun-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-in-2-weeks-628856">Moon mission successful, India's Sun mission Aditya-L1 to be launched in two weeks</a></strong></p>

<p>Aditya-L1 carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle detectors.</p>

<p>According to ISRO, four payloads on Aditya-L1 will directly view the Sun from the unique vantage point of L1, and the remaining three payloads will carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;All about ISRO's Aditya L1 mission to the Sun</strong></p>

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<h2><strong>Why study the Sun from Space?&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>The sun emits radiation/light in nearly all wavelengths along with various energetic particles and a magnetic field.</p>

<p>The atmosphere of the Earth as well as its magnetic field acts as a protective shield and blocks a number of harmful wavelength radiations including particles and fields.</p>

<p>As various radiations don’t reach the surface of the Earth, the instruments from the Earth will not be able to detect such radiation and solar studies based on these radiations could not be carried out.</p>

<p>However, such studies can be carried out by making observations from outside the Earth's atmosphere i.e., from space.</p>

<p>Similarly, to understand how the solar wind particles and magnetic field from the Sun travel through interplanetary space, measurements are to be performed from a point that is far away from the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

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Barely ten days after the successful soft-landing of the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the Lunar South Pole, the Indian space agency is ready for its next launch, on Saturday 2nd September at 11:50 am (Indian Standard Time).

Barely ten days after the successful soft-landing of the Chandrayaan-3 craft near the Lunar South Pole, the Indian space agency is ready for its next launch, on Saturday 2nd September at 11:50 am (Indian Standard Time). This time around, ISRO will be launching its maiden mission to study the sun and solar phenomenon. The mission is titled Aditya-L1, on board the PSLV C57 rocket. L1 refers to the vantage point around which the craft will be positioning itself to study the sun, without any obstructions. This L1 point, or Lagrangian point 1 is situated 1.5 million kms away from the Earth. The distance between Earth and the sun is 150 million kilometres and it would take 4 months from launch for the Aditya-L1 craft to reach its destination. "The preparation for Aditya-L1 is going on really well. At the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, final checks are being carried out on the spacecraft and the PSLV rocket(mission number C57) for this mission is being assembled," A.Rajarajan, the Director of the spaceport had told WION, on August 23rd. Speaking to WION after the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3, he had said that the Aditya-L1 mission is to be launched in the first week of September. So far, the Indian space agency has launched six missions in the year 2023. While four of these missions were for India's own national and scientific purposes, two of them have been missions for foreign customers. ISRO has had a great year with successes in all launch missions. Notably, the launch activity of ISRO had drastically slowed down in 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This had caused delays to several missions and led to a backlog in the activity. Queried about how the spaceport is handling various missions simultaneously, Rajarajan told WION that the team had learnt several lessons during the pandemic and accordingly made their work processes more optimised and efficient. He indicated how ISRO had been able to fulfil both national and commercial missions, while also making arrangements for Indian space sector startups to use their facilities for development and testing activities. Further queried about how the launch calendar looked for the next four months, he said that there could be four launches including Aditya-L1, experimental flights as part of the Gaganyaan development programme, followed by PSLV and GSLV launches. In 2022, the Indian space agency designated senior Solar Scientist Dr. Sankarasubramanian as the Principal Scientist of the 'Aditya-L1' Mission. He heads the Space Astronomy Group (SAG) of ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, Bengaluru and has contributed to ISRO missions, such as Chandrayaan 1 &2, and AstroSat, in several capacities. Aditya-L1 is the first observatory-class space-based solar mission from India. The spacecraft is to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point, L1, of the Sun-Earth system. A satellite around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without occultation/eclipses. This position provides a greater advantage of observing solar activities continuously. Also read | Moon mission successful, India's Sun mission Aditya-L1 to be launched in two weeks Aditya-L1 carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle detectors. According to ISRO, four payloads on Aditya-L1 will directly view the Sun from the unique vantage point of L1, and the remaining three payloads will carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1. Also watch | All about ISRO's Aditya L1 mission to the Sun × Why study the Sun from Space? The sun emits radiation/light in nearly all wavelengths along with various energetic particles and a magnetic field. The atmosphere of the Earth as well as its magnetic field acts as a protective shield and blocks a number of harmful wavelength radiations including particles and fields. As various radiations don’t reach the surface of the Earth, the instruments from the Earth will not be able to detect such radiation and solar studies based on these radiations could not be carried out. However, such studies can be carried out by making observations from outside the Earth's atmosphere i.e., from space. Similarly, to understand how the solar wind particles and magnetic field from the Sun travel through interplanetary space, measurements are to be performed from a point that is far away from the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Moon done, let's go study the Sun: ISRO to launch Aditya-L1 on September 2

<p>In India, if you are in the deserts of Rajasthan (north-west) during peak summer, the temperature could well be around 50 degrees Centigrade. Likewise, if you are in Jammu and Kashmir (north) during winters, the temperature could well be minus 10 degrees Centigrade or even colder.</p>

<p>There's at least 600 kilometres of distance and radically different terrain between the two regions, where such extreme climate is witnessed.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, in the soil near the Lunar South Pole, one has to just drill 10 cm deep (less than the length of your smartphone screen), in order to see such extreme temperature variation.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-is-a-success-a-soft-landing-for-vikram-lander-a-giant-leap-for-indias-space-odyssey-628404">Chandrayaan-3 is success: A soft landing for Vikram lander, giant leap for India's space odyssey</a></strong></p>

<p>On the Lunar top soil (surface), the temperature is 50 degrees Centigrade and barely 10 cm below the surface, the temperature is minus 10 degrees Centigrade, it has been found.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The&nbsp;Indian Space Research Organisation&nbsp;has revealed this data based on the in-situ study conducted by the Vikram Lunar lander.&nbsp;</p>

<p><b>Als watch |&nbsp;Chandrayaan-3 mission: Pragyan rover deployed</b></p>

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<p>Using its on-board ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment)&nbsp;probe, the Vikram lander has studied the temperature variation at the top surface of the Lunar soil and at a depth of 8 cm.</p>

<p>Notably, this study is done during the Lunar day, when sunlight is available at the Landing site. Lunar night time temperatures could be much colder.</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Analysis by <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/VikramLander?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#VikramLander</a> near South Pole indicates- during Lunar day, there's severe temperature variation between top soil and 10cm below(as studied by ChaSTE probe)<br />
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At surface: Temp is 50C+ (<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Rajasthan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Rajasthan</a> heat)<br />
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At 8cm: Temp is -10C (<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Kashmir?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Kashmir</a> cold)<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan3</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> <a href="https://t.co/Qv4egZgBIH">pic.twitter.com/Qv4egZgBIH</a></p>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1695732865009603068?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 27, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>"ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) measures the temperature profile of the lunar topsoil around the pole, to understand the thermal behaviour of the moon's surface. It has a temperature probe equipped with a controlled penetration mechanism capable of reaching a depth of 10 cm beneath the surface. The probe is fitted with 10 individual temperature sensors" ISRO said.&nbsp;</p>

<p>NASA's Diviner Lunar Radiometer, on-board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been mapping the moon's temperature since 2009.&nbsp;</p>

<p>According to NASA, lunar daytime temperatures near the equator reach a 120 degrees Centigrade, while nighttime temperatures get to minus 130 degrees Centigrade. The Moon’s poles are even colder.</p>

<p>NASA's equipment even found a place in the floor of the Moon’s Hermite Crater that was detected to be minus 250degrees Centigrade, making it the coldest temperature measured anywhere in the solar system.<br />
<br />
Extremely cold regions similar to the one in Hermite Crater were found at the bottoms of several permanently shadowed craters at the lunar south pole and were measured in the depths of winter night, says NASA.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, India's Chandrayaan-3 is the first to land near the mysterious Lunar south pole and is expected to carry out its operations for two weeks on earth (one Lunar day), starting 23<sup>rd</sup>&nbsp;August.</p>

<p>The mission has a designed life of 14 earth days or one lunar day, as it is powered by solar energy that it harnessed during the Lunar day.</p>

<p>Notably, Russia's Luna-25, which was supposed to land near the Lunar south pole carried a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (simply put, a kind of nuclear battery) that could provide heat and power to the Russian lander for at least one year on earth(26 Lunar days and nights).</p>

<p>However, Luna-25 had crash landed before it could reach its final pre-landing orbit and could commence its soft-landing attempt.<br />
<br />
&nbsp;</p>

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In India, if you are in the deserts of Rajasthan (north-west) during peak summer, the temperature could well be around 50 degrees Centigrade. Likewise, if you are in Jammu and Kashmir (north) during winters, the temperature could well be minus 10 degrees Centigrade or even colder.

In India, if you are in the deserts of Rajasthan (north-west) during peak summer, the temperature could well be around 50 degrees Centigrade. Likewise, if you are in Jammu and Kashmir (north) during winters, the temperature could well be minus 10 degrees Centigrade or even colder. There's at least 600 kilometres of distance and radically different terrain between the two regions, where such extreme climate is witnessed. However, in the soil near the Lunar South Pole, one has to just drill 10 cm deep (less than the length of your smartphone screen), in order to see such extreme temperature variation. Also read | Chandrayaan-3 is success: A soft landing for Vikram lander, giant leap for India's space odyssey On the Lunar top soil (surface), the temperature is 50 degrees Centigrade and barely 10 cm below the surface, the temperature is minus 10 degrees Centigrade, it has been found. The Indian Space Research Organisation has revealed this data based on the in-situ study conducted by the Vikram Lunar lander. Als watch | Chandrayaan-3 mission: Pragyan rover deployed × Using its on-board ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) probe, the Vikram lander has studied the temperature variation at the top surface of the Lunar soil and at a depth of 8 cm. Notably, this study is done during the Lunar day, when sunlight is available at the Landing site. Lunar night time temperatures could be much colder. Analysis by #isro #VikramLander near South Pole indicates- during Lunar day, there's severe temperature variation between top soil and 10cm below(as studied by ChaSTE probe) At surface: Temp is 50C+ (#Rajasthan heat) At 8cm: Temp is -10C (#Kashmir cold)#Chandrayaan3 #space pic.twitter.com/Qv4egZgBIH — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) August 27, 2023 × "ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) measures the temperature profile of the lunar topsoil around the pole, to understand the thermal behaviour of the moon's surface. It has a temperature probe equipped with a controlled penetration mechanism capable of reaching a depth of 10 cm beneath the surface. The probe is fitted with 10 individual temperature sensors" ISRO said. NASA's Diviner Lunar Radiometer, on-board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been mapping the moon's temperature since 2009. According to NASA, lunar daytime temperatures near the equator reach a 120 degrees Centigrade, while nighttime temperatures get to minus 130 degrees Centigrade. The Moon’s poles are even colder. NASA's equipment even found a place in the floor of the Moon’s Hermite Crater that was detected to be minus 250degrees Centigrade, making it the coldest temperature measured anywhere in the solar system. Extremely cold regions similar to the one in Hermite Crater were found at the bottoms of several permanently shadowed craters at the lunar south pole and were measured in the depths of winter night, says NASA. Notably, India's Chandrayaan-3 is the first to land near the mysterious Lunar south pole and is expected to carry out its operations for two weeks on earth (one Lunar day), starting 23rd August. The mission has a designed life of 14 earth days or one lunar day, as it is powered by solar energy that it harnessed during the Lunar day. Notably, Russia's Luna-25, which was supposed to land near the Lunar south pole carried a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (simply put, a kind of nuclear battery) that could provide heat and power to the Russian lander for at least one year on earth(26 Lunar days and nights). However, Luna-25 had crash landed before it could reach its final pre-landing orbit and could commence its soft-landing attempt. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

From Rajasthan's heat to Kashmir's cold: Chandrayaan-3 finds massive lunar soil temperature variation

<p>As the minister who is directly in charge of crucial portfolios including Space and Atomic energy, among others, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi would be visiting ISRO’s Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) facility in Bengaluru.&nbsp;</p>

<p>He is expected to depart for the Indian city, directly after completing his official visit to Greece. His first stop would be the ISTRAC facility, from where the entire mission operations (post-launch until landing and beyond) of Chandrayaan-3 are being carried out. His visit to ISTRAC is in line with what he had assured the team of scientists, during his video address to them, shortly after the soft landing on lunar south pole.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, PM Modi had been present at ISTRAC, during the Lunar landing attempt of Chandrayaan-2, in September 2019. After the mission could not make a soft landing, the PM addressed the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) team. Back in September 2014, when India’s Mars Orbiter Mission entered Martian orbit, PM Modi witnessed the event at ISTRAC and congratulated the scientists.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-scripts-new-chapter-pm-modi-about-successful-launch-of-indias-third-lunar-mission-615607">‘Chandrayaan-3 scripts new chapter’: PM Modi about successful launch of India’s third lunar mission</a></strong></p>

<p>While the Chandrayaan-3 orbiter and rover are functioning normally and the science experiments are being carried out, not many post-landing pictures of the lander and rover have been officially shared by ISRO.&nbsp;</p>

<p>So far, ISRO has shared videos of the Vikram Lander’s downward view, as the craft flew over the Lunar surface, making a landing approach. The Indian space agency had also shared images of the lander’s legs firmly on the lunar surface and also a video of the Pragyan rover rolling down its ramp and travelling a few inches.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Expectations are high that the Indian government-run space agency will share exciting new pictures and videos of the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover, once the Prime Minister arrives at ISTRAC. Most awaited are the pictures and videos of the lander standing tall and upright, as captured by the 26-kg&nbsp;rover from afar and vice versa.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-pm-modi-to-join-virtually-from-south-africa-as-india-attempts-moon-landing-628152">Chandrayaan-3: PM Modi to join virtually from South Africa as India attempts moon landing</a></strong></p>

<p>It is also expected that there would be videos and pictures of the rover literally making India’s mark on the moon. The rover wheels are said to have been embossed with the Indian National Emblem, which is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka at Sarnath and the iconic ISRO logo.</p>

<p>Following the meet and greet at ISTRAC, starting around 6:00 am (local time) on Saturday (August 26), and his address to team ISRO, the Prime Minister is expected to address a public meeting in Bengaluru city, following which he will depart&nbsp;for New Delhi.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In his address to ISRO after the successful soft-landing of the Chandrayaan-3 craft, the PM made a mention of ISRO’s upcoming and planned missions – Gaganyaan (sending Indian astronauts to Low Earth orbit and returning them safely), Robotic Spacecraft mission to Venus (Shukrayaan) and even the second Mars Mission (perhaps, a landing mission). Meanwhile, fresh from the Chandrayaan-3 moon mission success, India’s maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, is being prepared for launch on a PSLV rocket, in the first week of September 2023.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indias-modi-out-of-this-world-pm-brazils-lula-read-south-african-paper-on-chandrayaan-3-628902">‘India's Modi out of this world’: PM, Brazil’s Lula read South African paper on Chandrayaan-3</a></strong></p>

<p>“The preparation for Aditya-L1 is going on really well. At the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, final checks are being carried out on the spacecraft and the PSLV rocket (mission number C57) for this mission is being assembled,” A. Rajarajan, the director of the spaceport, told WION.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Speaking to WION after the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3, he said that the <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/moon-mission-successful-indias-sun-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-in-2-weeks-628856">Aditya-L1 mission</a> is to be launched in the first week of September. So far, the Indian space agency has launched six missions in the year 2023. While four of these missions were for India’s own national and scientific purposes, two of them have been missions for foreign customers. ISRO has had a great year with successes in all launch missions.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-is-on-the-moon-isro-chief-s-somanath-celebrates-chandrayaan-3s-triumph-on-lunar-landing-628420">‘India is on the moon’: ISRO chief S Somanath celebrates Chandrayaan-3's triumph on lunar landing</a></strong></p>

<p>Aditya-L1 is the first observatory-class space-based solar mission from India. The spacecraft is to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point, L1, of the Sun-Earth system. A satellite around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without occultation/eclipses. This position provides a greater advantage of observing solar activities continuously.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Aditya-L1 carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle detectors. According to ISRO, Four payloads on Aditya-L1 directly view the Sun from the unique vantage point of L1, and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1.<br />
<br />
&nbsp;</p>

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As the minister who is directly in charge of crucial portfolios including Space and Atomic energy, among others, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi would be visiting ISRO’s Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) facility in Bengaluru.

As the minister who is directly in charge of crucial portfolios including Space and Atomic energy, among others, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi would be visiting ISRO’s Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) facility in Bengaluru. He is expected to depart for the Indian city, directly after completing his official visit to Greece. His first stop would be the ISTRAC facility, from where the entire mission operations (post-launch until landing and beyond) of Chandrayaan-3 are being carried out. His visit to ISTRAC is in line with what he had assured the team of scientists, during his video address to them, shortly after the soft landing on lunar south pole. Notably, PM Modi had been present at ISTRAC, during the Lunar landing attempt of Chandrayaan-2, in September 2019. After the mission could not make a soft landing, the PM addressed the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) team. Back in September 2014, when India’s Mars Orbiter Mission entered Martian orbit, PM Modi witnessed the event at ISTRAC and congratulated the scientists. ALSO READ | ‘Chandrayaan-3 scripts new chapter’: PM Modi about successful launch of India’s third lunar mission While the Chandrayaan-3 orbiter and rover are functioning normally and the science experiments are being carried out, not many post-landing pictures of the lander and rover have been officially shared by ISRO. So far, ISRO has shared videos of the Vikram Lander’s downward view, as the craft flew over the Lunar surface, making a landing approach. The Indian space agency had also shared images of the lander’s legs firmly on the lunar surface and also a video of the Pragyan rover rolling down its ramp and travelling a few inches. Expectations are high that the Indian government-run space agency will share exciting new pictures and videos of the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover, once the Prime Minister arrives at ISTRAC. Most awaited are the pictures and videos of the lander standing tall and upright, as captured by the 26-kg rover from afar and vice versa. ALSO READ | Chandrayaan-3: PM Modi to join virtually from South Africa as India attempts moon landing It is also expected that there would be videos and pictures of the rover literally making India’s mark on the moon. The rover wheels are said to have been embossed with the Indian National Emblem, which is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka at Sarnath and the iconic ISRO logo. Following the meet and greet at ISTRAC, starting around 6:00 am (local time) on Saturday (August 26), and his address to team ISRO, the Prime Minister is expected to address a public meeting in Bengaluru city, following which he will depart for New Delhi. In his address to ISRO after the successful soft-landing of the Chandrayaan-3 craft, the PM made a mention of ISRO’s upcoming and planned missions – Gaganyaan (sending Indian astronauts to Low Earth orbit and returning them safely), Robotic Spacecraft mission to Venus (Shukrayaan) and even the second Mars Mission (perhaps, a landing mission). Meanwhile, fresh from the Chandrayaan-3 moon mission success, India’s maiden mission to study the sun, Aditya-L1, is being prepared for launch on a PSLV rocket, in the first week of September 2023. ALSO READ | ‘India's Modi out of this world’: PM, Brazil’s Lula read South African paper on Chandrayaan-3 “The preparation for Aditya-L1 is going on really well. At the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, final checks are being carried out on the spacecraft and the PSLV rocket (mission number C57) for this mission is being assembled,” A. Rajarajan, the director of the spaceport, told WION. Speaking to WION after the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3, he said that the Aditya-L1 mission is to be launched in the first week of September. So far, the Indian space agency has launched six missions in the year 2023. While four of these missions were for India’s own national and scientific purposes, two of them have been missions for foreign customers. ISRO has had a great year with successes in all launch missions. ALSO READ | ‘India is on the moon’: ISRO chief S Somanath celebrates Chandrayaan-3's triumph on lunar landing Aditya-L1 is the first observatory-class space-based solar mission from India. The spacecraft is to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point, L1, of the Sun-Earth system. A satellite around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without occultation/eclipses. This position provides a greater advantage of observing solar activities continuously. Aditya-L1 carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle detectors. According to ISRO, Four payloads on Aditya-L1 directly view the Sun from the unique vantage point of L1, and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India: PM Modi to meet ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 team after historic lunar landing

<p>In September 2019, shortly after the Indian Space Agency ISRO announced that it had lost contact with the Chandrayaan-2 Lunar lander (it had crash-landed), Shanmuga Subramanian, a Chennai-based techie made efforts to scan NASA's lunar maps and spotted the debris and the crash site.&nbsp;</p>

<p>His prized find of the debris and crash site was later acknowledged and validated by the American Space Agency. As India celebrates the Chandrayaan-3 landing and enthusiasts re-play the grand moment on their devices, Shanmuga Subramanian has been poring through data from ISRO's lunar landing videos and ISRO's lunar maps. His goal is to get a likely fix on the landing site of Chandrayaan-3 (Vikram lander).</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Here is how the Lander Imager Camera captured the moon's image just prior to touchdown. <a href="https://t.co/PseUAxAB6G">pic.twitter.com/PseUAxAB6G</a></p>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1694713817916473530?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 24, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>"On Thursday evening, ISRO shared a video of Chandrayaan-3's landing approach and a top-angle view of the lunar surface. Since the landing site of this mission is already known, I had to compare the craters near the targeted site and match them with the final pre-landing frames from the ISRO video. In my tweets, I have marked a likely landing site, based on my analysis. I believe the spot that I've pointed out is barely 50 metres close to the actual place where Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander stands," he told WION. ISRO's intended landing site is 69.367621(Latitude) South and 32.348126(Longitude) East. The site that Shanmuga has arrived at is 69.37302(Latitude) South and 32.32017(Longitude) East.</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan3</a>'s Final landing location: -69.37302, 32.32017 (in a 10x10m box) | Calculated from ISRO's video (1/5) <a href="https://t.co/GfHjD4A5NJ">pic.twitter.com/GfHjD4A5NJ</a></p>
— Shan (Shanmuga Subramanian) (@Ramanean) <a href="https://twitter.com/Ramanean/status/1694752050545152489?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 24, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>Shanmuga is no space scientist or expert. He works for an IT firm and spends his leisurely hours poring through maps of other celestial bodies, trying to make interesting discoveries. After two hours of effort, he has been able to analyse frame-by-frame and juxtapose the lunar craters near the landing site (as shown on ISRO videos of the lunar landing approach) with the ISRO lunar map generated by the Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC).&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, OHRC is the highest-resolution camera that has been circling the moon, since 2019. In 2019, when Chandrayaan-2 crash landed, Shanmuga had been comparing images from the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter(LRO) and trying to find any new dark spot/impact crater/debris in the vicinity of Chandrayaan-2's intended landing site. This time around, he is aided by the OHRC images, that help him clearly see the objects that are around 25 cm apart.</p>

<p>The highest-resolution imaging of the moon done by the OHRC is also what served ISRO in being able to understand, zero in on the landing site of Chandrayaan-3 and plan the mission accordingly. One must remember, that the Lunar South Pole is a region with several craters and even mountains that are 2 km in height.&nbsp;Therefore, it is crucial to minutely understand the terrain before undertaking a lunar soft landing. This is why the Indian feat&nbsp;of being the first to soft-land near the South Pole is being lauded by people across the globe.</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan2</a> Orbiter<br />
High-Res camera(best around moon) has captured pic of the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan3</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/VikramLander?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#VikramLander</a><br />
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However, the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> tweet has been deleted.. "I spy you! 🙂<br />
Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter<br />
📸photoshoots<br />
Chandrayaan-3 Lander!" <a href="https://twitter.com/Ramanean?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Ramanean</a> says it matches with his find <a href="https://t.co/ba4cQi0oAr">pic.twitter.com/ba4cQi0oAr</a></p>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1694922562697138652?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 25, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>Meanwhile, ISRO also put up a tweet on Friday morning confirming that the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter had clicked a picture of the Vikram lander.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, ISRO has deleted the tweet and the accompanying picture. Based on the deleted tweet (which Shanmuga has seen), he says, that his identification of the landing site is "spot on".</p>

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In September 2019, shortly after the Indian Space Agency ISRO announced that it had lost contact with the Chandrayaan-2 Lunar lander (it had crash-landed), Shanmuga Subramanian, a Chennai-based techie made efforts to scan NASA's lunar maps and spotted the debris and the crash site.

In September 2019, shortly after the Indian Space Agency ISRO announced that it had lost contact with the Chandrayaan-2 Lunar lander (it had crash-landed), Shanmuga Subramanian, a Chennai-based techie made efforts to scan NASA's lunar maps and spotted the debris and the crash site. His prized find of the debris and crash site was later acknowledged and validated by the American Space Agency. As India celebrates the Chandrayaan-3 landing and enthusiasts re-play the grand moment on their devices, Shanmuga Subramanian has been poring through data from ISRO's lunar landing videos and ISRO's lunar maps. His goal is to get a likely fix on the landing site of Chandrayaan-3 (Vikram lander). Here is how the Lander Imager Camera captured the moon's image just prior to touchdown. pic.twitter.com/PseUAxAB6G — ISRO (@isro) August 24, 2023 × "On Thursday evening, ISRO shared a video of Chandrayaan-3's landing approach and a top-angle view of the lunar surface. Since the landing site of this mission is already known, I had to compare the craters near the targeted site and match them with the final pre-landing frames from the ISRO video. In my tweets, I have marked a likely landing site, based on my analysis. I believe the spot that I've pointed out is barely 50 metres close to the actual place where Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander stands," he told WION. ISRO's intended landing site is 69.367621(Latitude) South and 32.348126(Longitude) East. The site that Shanmuga has arrived at is 69.37302(Latitude) South and 32.32017(Longitude) East. #Chandrayaan3's Final landing location: -69.37302, 32.32017 (in a 10x10m box) | Calculated from ISRO's video (1/5) pic.twitter.com/GfHjD4A5NJ — Shan (Shanmuga Subramanian) (@Ramanean) August 24, 2023 × Shanmuga is no space scientist or expert. He works for an IT firm and spends his leisurely hours poring through maps of other celestial bodies, trying to make interesting discoveries. After two hours of effort, he has been able to analyse frame-by-frame and juxtapose the lunar craters near the landing site (as shown on ISRO videos of the lunar landing approach) with the ISRO lunar map generated by the Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC). Notably, OHRC is the highest-resolution camera that has been circling the moon, since 2019. In 2019, when Chandrayaan-2 crash landed, Shanmuga had been comparing images from the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter(LRO) and trying to find any new dark spot/impact crater/debris in the vicinity of Chandrayaan-2's intended landing site. This time around, he is aided by the OHRC images, that help him clearly see the objects that are around 25 cm apart. The highest-resolution imaging of the moon done by the OHRC is also what served ISRO in being able to understand, zero in on the landing site of Chandrayaan-3 and plan the mission accordingly. One must remember, that the Lunar South Pole is a region with several craters and even mountains that are 2 km in height. Therefore, it is crucial to minutely understand the terrain before undertaking a lunar soft landing. This is why the Indian feat of being the first to soft-land near the South Pole is being lauded by people across the globe. #isro #Chandrayaan2 Orbiter High-Res camera(best around moon) has captured pic of the #Chandrayaan3 #VikramLander However, the #isro tweet has been deleted.. "I spy you! 🙂 Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter 📸photoshoots Chandrayaan-3 Lander!" @Ramanean says it matches with his find pic.twitter.com/ba4cQi0oAr — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) August 25, 2023 × Meanwhile, ISRO also put up a tweet on Friday morning confirming that the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter had clicked a picture of the Vikram lander. However, ISRO has deleted the tweet and the accompanying picture. Based on the deleted tweet (which Shanmuga has seen), he says, that his identification of the landing site is "spot on". You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Techie who spotted Chandrayaan-2 debris, has a likely fix on Chandrayaan-3 landing site

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Zee News Rajasthan

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