The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to&nbsp;French-born Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus of the United States and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov&nbsp;for research in tiny particles known as quantum dots, particles so small that their electrical and optical properties are influenced by quantum physics. 
 
The three scientists have won the Nobel prize for inventing quantum dots, which are being used in computing, lasers and microscopy.&nbsp;They are already being used to make TV display screens, lasers and lights, besides being used in medical research.

In a rare development, the names of the trio were leaked in the local press ahead of the announcement. The Nobel Committee expressed the regret on the development and issued a statement on the same.&nbsp;

Nobel leaks are rare, with the various prize-awarding academies going to great lengths to keep the winners' names under wraps until the announcements.

<h2>Significance of the Nobel-winning research</h2>

The trio succeeded in producing these tiny components, that "now spread their light from televisions and LED lamps, and can also guide surgeons when they remove tumour tissue, among many other things," the jury said.

The names of the recipients were leaked hours before the academy had even met for a final vote on the winners.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nobel-chemistry-prize-sparks-controversy-purported-winners-names-out-before-decision-is-made-642460">Nobel chemistry prize winners' names leaked? Swedish media reports suggest so</a>

The Nobel laureate Bawendi, speaking to reporters, said he was "shocked" by the news and had not seen the leaked reports.&nbsp;

Bawendi, 62, born in Paris to French and Tunisian parents, is a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States.

Brus, 80, is a professor at Columbia in New York, and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov works at the US-based Nanocrystals Technology.

The trio will share the $1 million award, receiving it from King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of the 1896 death of scientist Alfred Nobel who created the prizes in his last will and testament.

Also watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-inside-the-exciting-world-of-attosecond-physics-that-won-nobel-prize-2023-642138">Explained: Inside the exciting world of Attosecond Physics that won Nobel Prize 2023</a>

The chemistry award is the third Nobel of the season after the medicine prize and the physics prizes were announced earlier in the week.

In medicine, RNA researchers Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman were honoured Monday for their groundbreaking technology that paved the way for mRNA Covid-19 vaccines.

The physics prize on Tuesday went to France's Pierre Agostini, Hungarian-Austrian Ferenc Krausz and Franco-Swede Anne L'Huillier for research using ultra quick light flashes that enable the study of electrons inside atoms and molecules.

The highly watched literature and peace prizes, will be announced on Thursday and Friday respectively.

The Economics Prize -- created in 1968 and the only Nobel not included in the 1895 will of Swedish inventor and philanthropist Alfred Nobel founding the awards -- closes out the 2023 Nobel season on Monday.

(With inputs from agencies)

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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to French-born Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus of the United States and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov for research in tiny particles known as quantum dots, particles so small that their electrical and optical properties are influenced by quantum physics.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to French-born Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus of the United States and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov for research in tiny particles known as quantum dots, particles so small that their electrical and optical properties are influenced by quantum physics. The three scientists have won the Nobel prize for inventing quantum dots, which are being used in computing, lasers and microscopy. They are already being used to make TV display screens, lasers and lights, besides being used in medical research. In a rare development, the names of the trio were leaked in the local press ahead of the announcement. The Nobel Committee expressed the regret on the development and issued a statement on the same. Nobel leaks are rare, with the various prize-awarding academies going to great lengths to keep the winners' names under wraps until the announcements. Significance of the Nobel-winning research The trio succeeded in producing these tiny components, that "now spread their light from televisions and LED lamps, and can also guide surgeons when they remove tumour tissue, among many other things," the jury said. The names of the recipients were leaked hours before the academy had even met for a final vote on the winners. Also read | Nobel chemistry prize winners' names leaked? Swedish media reports suggest so The Nobel laureate Bawendi, speaking to reporters, said he was "shocked" by the news and had not seen the leaked reports. Bawendi, 62, born in Paris to French and Tunisian parents, is a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States. Brus, 80, is a professor at Columbia in New York, and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov works at the US-based Nanocrystals Technology. The trio will share the $1 million award, receiving it from King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of the 1896 death of scientist Alfred Nobel who created the prizes in his last will and testament. Also watch | Explained: Inside the exciting world of Attosecond Physics that won Nobel Prize 2023 The chemistry award is the third Nobel of the season after the medicine prize and the physics prizes were announced earlier in the week. In medicine, RNA researchers Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman were honoured Monday for their groundbreaking technology that paved the way for mRNA Covid-19 vaccines. The physics prize on Tuesday went to France's Pierre Agostini, Hungarian-Austrian Ferenc Krausz and Franco-Swede Anne L'Huillier for research using ultra quick light flashes that enable the study of electrons inside atoms and molecules. The highly watched literature and peace prizes, will be announced on Thursday and Friday respectively. The Economics Prize -- created in 1968 and the only Nobel not included in the 1895 will of Swedish inventor and philanthropist Alfred Nobel founding the awards -- closes out the 2023 Nobel season on Monday. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to scientist trio for research in quantum dots

The parents of a teenage school shooter who killed four students and wounded six other people in 2021 at his Detroit-area high school will stand trial for involuntary manslaughter, the Michigan Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday.

The court, in Lansing, Michigan, ruled that it would not hear the appeal of the parents of Ethan Crumbley, who was 15 at the time of the Oxford High School shooting. His parents, Jennifer and James Crumbley, are seeking to avoid trial on four counts of involuntary manslaughter each.

The case appears to be the first time that parents of a teenage school shooter have been charged for involvement in their offspring's alleged crimes, and is seen by some as a litmus test on whether parents can be held accountable in school shootings.

The Crumbleys' attorneys, Shannon Smith and Mariell Lehman, were not immediately available for comment.

ALSO WATCH |&nbsp;US: 9 killed, others injured in Texas mall shooting

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Prosecutors argued that the parents can be charged because they showed gross negligence for failing to secure the weapon. The Crumbleys have been accused of knowing their son was troubled and too young to own a gun, but buying him one anyway. The 9mm semi-automatic pistol was used in the slayings two years ago.

The parents had sought to have the charges thrown out.

In a terse, one-sentence ruling, the state Supreme Court in Lansing, Michigan, ruled that the "judgment of the Court of Appeals is considered, and it is DENIED, because we are not persuaded that the question presented should be reviewed by this Court."

An Oakland County Circuit Court and a panel of three Michigan Court of Appeals judges have already ruled against the Crumbleys.

The Crumbleys' attorneys have argued that prosecutors cannot demonstrate that a juror could decide that a reasonably foreseeable outcome of the Crumbleys' alleged gross negligence was their son committing a shooting in November, 2021, the Detroit News reported. They said their son's criminal conduct was the sole cause of harm to the victims and the shooting was not reasonably foreseeable.

The Crumbleys each face charges connected to the deaths of Oxford High students Madisyn Baldwin, 17; Tate Myre, 16; Hana St. Juliana, 14; and Justin Shilling, 17.

Ethan Crumbley has pleaded guilty to charges including one count of terrorism causing death and four counts of first-degree murder.

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The parents of a teenage school shooter who killed four students and wounded six other people in 2021 at his Detroit-area high school will stand trial for involuntary manslaughter, the Michigan Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday.

The parents of a teenage school shooter who killed four students and wounded six other people in 2021 at his Detroit-area high school will stand trial for involuntary manslaughter, the Michigan Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday. The court, in Lansing, Michigan, ruled that it would not hear the appeal of the parents of Ethan Crumbley, who was 15 at the time of the Oxford High School shooting. His parents, Jennifer and James Crumbley, are seeking to avoid trial on four counts of involuntary manslaughter each. The case appears to be the first time that parents of a teenage school shooter have been charged for involvement in their offspring's alleged crimes, and is seen by some as a litmus test on whether parents can be held accountable in school shootings. The Crumbleys' attorneys, Shannon Smith and Mariell Lehman, were not immediately available for comment. ALSO WATCH | US: 9 killed, others injured in Texas mall shooting × Prosecutors argued that the parents can be charged because they showed gross negligence for failing to secure the weapon. The Crumbleys have been accused of knowing their son was troubled and too young to own a gun, but buying him one anyway. The 9mm semi-automatic pistol was used in the slayings two years ago. The parents had sought to have the charges thrown out. In a terse, one-sentence ruling, the state Supreme Court in Lansing, Michigan, ruled that the "judgment of the Court of Appeals is considered, and it is DENIED, because we are not persuaded that the question presented should be reviewed by this Court." An Oakland County Circuit Court and a panel of three Michigan Court of Appeals judges have already ruled against the Crumbleys. The Crumbleys' attorneys have argued that prosecutors cannot demonstrate that a juror could decide that a reasonably foreseeable outcome of the Crumbleys' alleged gross negligence was their son committing a shooting in November, 2021, the Detroit News reported. They said their son's criminal conduct was the sole cause of harm to the victims and the shooting was not reasonably foreseeable. The Crumbleys each face charges connected to the deaths of Oxford High students Madisyn Baldwin, 17; Tate Myre, 16; Hana St. Juliana, 14; and Justin Shilling, 17. Ethan Crumbley has pleaded guilty to charges including one count of terrorism causing death and four counts of first-degree murder. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Michigan teen shooter's parents to face trial

The solar energy adoption in India is entering "accelerating growth" phase, an analysis by two India-based Electricity Policy analysts in the UK-based energy think tank Ember said.&nbsp;

"Building adequate grid flexibility is the next key step in India’s clean power transition," the analysis added.&nbsp;

The analysis cited 14th highlights of National Electricity Plan (NEP14) to point out that 66 per cet of share of energy generation growth in India will be met by solar and wind in FY 2022-32.&nbsp;

The world's most populous nation will also see 20 percentage point change in solar energy's share in India's total energy generation between FY 2022-32, it said.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/solar-panels-get-a-tax-makeover-indias-sunny-solution-to-energy-demands-598635">Solar panels get a tax makeover: India's 'sunny' solution to energy demands</a>&nbsp;

However, India would need 36 per cent year-on-year increase in annual solar capacity additions required to meet the targets of National Electricity Plan (NEP14) of 186 Giga Watts by Finance Year 2027.

<h2>What is working for India?</h2>

The analysis in Ember says that growth in electricity demand during the day had outpaced the growth in demand during the night, called non-solar hours.&nbsp;

"Peak demand is now occurring during midday when solar generation is abundant. As a result, a larger portion of the increase in demand has aligned with the generation from solar sources," it said.

Between 2019 and 2023, the non-solar hour peak demand experienced an approximately 3.9 per cent year-on-year increase, while solar hour peak demand witnessed a ~5.4 per cent year-on-year rise, the analysis pointed out.&nbsp;

Also watch |&nbsp;India’s one sun One World One Grid initiative

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"However, maintaining a dependable supply for non-solar hour demand requires a comprehensive whole-system approach," cautions the Ember analysis.

It is pertinent to note that developed countries have failed to live up to their commitments on climate finance to mobilise $100 billion per year for climate action in the developing countries.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, under New Delhi's G20 stewardship, the Global Biofuel Alliance was launched in an important step to combat climate change after the launch of International Solar Alliance in Paris in 2015.

The G20 nations under India's presidency have agreed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 43 per cent by 2030. The G20 nations constitute 80 per cent of total global emissions.&nbsp;

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The solar energy adoption in India is entering "accelerating growth" phase, an analysis by two India-based Electricity Policy analysts in the UK-based energy think tank Ember said.

The solar energy adoption in India is entering "accelerating growth" phase, an analysis by two India-based Electricity Policy analysts in the UK-based energy think tank Ember said. "Building adequate grid flexibility is the next key step in India’s clean power transition," the analysis added. The analysis cited 14th highlights of National Electricity Plan (NEP14) to point out that 66 per cet of share of energy generation growth in India will be met by solar and wind in FY 2022-32. The world's most populous nation will also see 20 percentage point change in solar energy's share in India's total energy generation between FY 2022-32, it said. Also read | Solar panels get a tax makeover: India's 'sunny' solution to energy demands However, India would need 36 per cent year-on-year increase in annual solar capacity additions required to meet the targets of National Electricity Plan (NEP14) of 186 Giga Watts by Finance Year 2027. What is working for India? The analysis in Ember says that growth in electricity demand during the day had outpaced the growth in demand during the night, called non-solar hours. "Peak demand is now occurring during midday when solar generation is abundant. As a result, a larger portion of the increase in demand has aligned with the generation from solar sources," it said. Between 2019 and 2023, the non-solar hour peak demand experienced an approximately 3.9 per cent year-on-year increase, while solar hour peak demand witnessed a ~5.4 per cent year-on-year rise, the analysis pointed out. Also watch | India’s one sun One World One Grid initiative × "However, maintaining a dependable supply for non-solar hour demand requires a comprehensive whole-system approach," cautions the Ember analysis. It is pertinent to note that developed countries have failed to live up to their commitments on climate finance to mobilise $100 billion per year for climate action in the developing countries. Meanwhile, under New Delhi's G20 stewardship, the Global Biofuel Alliance was launched in an important step to combat climate change after the launch of International Solar Alliance in Paris in 2015. The G20 nations under India's presidency have agreed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 43 per cent by 2030. The G20 nations constitute 80 per cent of total global emissions. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India's sunny solution to climate change woes enters 'accelerating growth' phase

Russia's Luna-25 lunar probe failed due to abnormal operation aboard its control system, the State Space Corporation Roscosmos disclosed.&nbsp;

"The interagency commission is wrapping up its work to find the reasons for the abnormal operation of the Luna-25 automatic station in the lunar orbit. It has been established that Luna-25 most likely crashed due to the abnormal operation of the onboard control system resulting from a failure of the accelerometer unit in the BIUS-L device (the angle velocity measuring instrument) after commands with different priorities of their fulfilment possibly entered into one array of data," Roscosmos said in a statement.

<h2>Russian space mission failed: What exactly happened?</h2>

While the Russian space agency said that the&nbsp;malfunction appears to have been caused by a failure in the accelerometer unit within the BIUS-L device, it finally resulted in&nbsp;conflicting commands with varying priorities entering the data stream, TASS reported.

Also watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: Chandrayaan-3 vs Russia's Luna-25 race to the moon

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This, TASS report added,&nbsp;resulted in a lack of signals from the accelerometers, preventing the system from determining the correct moment to apply corrective impulses and switch off the propulsion unit, ultimately leading to the probe's temporary shutdown.

<h2>What next?</h2>

The investigation commission will now provide recommendations to prevent such incidents in future lunar missions.

The Luna-25 probe was launched aboard a Soyuz-2.1b carrier rocket from the Vostochny spaceport, with its mission ending when it crashed into the Moon's surface after losing contact.

According to preliminary data, Luna-25 ceased to exist after crashing into the Moon’s surface. The event led to the dashing of Russian hopes to&nbsp;beat India to the unexplored south pole of the moon.

The two countries share an intimate history of space cooperation with India's first person in space, Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma going to space aboard a Soviet spacecraft in the 1980s.

<img alt="Indian Air Force's Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, flight engineer Gennady Strekalov and commander Yury Malyshev alongside screengrabs of the-then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's interaction with Rakesh Sharma" src="https://cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-07-09T123411.047.png" /> 
Indian Air Force's Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma (centre), flight engineer Gennady Strekalov (L) and commander Yury Malyshev (R) alongside the screengrabs of the-then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's interaction with Rakesh Sharma |&nbsp;spacefacts.de/YouTube&nbsp;via Indian National Congress

An Indian spacecraft, the Vikram lander of Indian Space Research Organisation's Chandrayaan-3 mission,&nbsp;landed there on August 23.

<h2>What does it mean?</h2>

The failure of Russian lunar mission coincided&nbsp;with the success of Indian&nbsp;mission to Moon.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-is-a-success-a-soft-landing-for-vikram-lander-a-giant-leap-for-indias-space-odyssey-628404">Chandrayaan-3 is success: A soft landing for Vikram lander, giant leap for India's space odyssey</a>

The failure underscored the decline of Russia’s space power since the Soviet Union heydays of&nbsp;Cold War competition when Moscow was the first to launch a satellite to orbit the Earth – Sputnik 1, in 1957 – and Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space in 1961.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Russia's Luna-25 lunar probe failed due to abnormal operation aboard its control system, the State Space Corporation Roscosmos disclosed. "The interagency commission is wrapping up its work to find the reasons for the abnormal operation of the Luna-25 automatic station in the lunar orbit.

Russia's Luna-25 lunar probe failed due to abnormal operation aboard its control system, the State Space Corporation Roscosmos disclosed. "The interagency commission is wrapping up its work to find the reasons for the abnormal operation of the Luna-25 automatic station in the lunar orbit. It has been established that Luna-25 most likely crashed due to the abnormal operation of the onboard control system resulting from a failure of the accelerometer unit in the BIUS-L device (the angle velocity measuring instrument) after commands with different priorities of their fulfilment possibly entered into one array of data," Roscosmos said in a statement. Russian space mission failed: What exactly happened? While the Russian space agency said that the malfunction appears to have been caused by a failure in the accelerometer unit within the BIUS-L device, it finally resulted in conflicting commands with varying priorities entering the data stream, TASS reported. Also watch | Gravitas: Chandrayaan-3 vs Russia's Luna-25 race to the moon × This, TASS report added, resulted in a lack of signals from the accelerometers, preventing the system from determining the correct moment to apply corrective impulses and switch off the propulsion unit, ultimately leading to the probe's temporary shutdown. What next? The investigation commission will now provide recommendations to prevent such incidents in future lunar missions. The Luna-25 probe was launched aboard a Soyuz-2.1b carrier rocket from the Vostochny spaceport, with its mission ending when it crashed into the Moon's surface after losing contact. According to preliminary data, Luna-25 ceased to exist after crashing into the Moon’s surface. The event led to the dashing of Russian hopes to beat India to the unexplored south pole of the moon. The two countries share an intimate history of space cooperation with India's first person in space, Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma going to space aboard a Soviet spacecraft in the 1980s. Indian Air Force's Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma (centre), flight engineer Gennady Strekalov (L) and commander Yury Malyshev (R) alongside the screengrabs of the-then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's interaction with Rakesh Sharma | spacefacts.de/YouTube via Indian National Congress An Indian spacecraft, the Vikram lander of Indian Space Research Organisation's Chandrayaan-3 mission, landed there on August 23. What does it mean? The failure of Russian lunar mission coincided with the success of Indian mission to Moon. Also read | Chandrayaan-3 is success: A soft landing for Vikram lander, giant leap for India's space odyssey The failure underscored the decline of Russia’s space power since the Soviet Union heydays of Cold War competition when Moscow was the first to launch a satellite to orbit the Earth – Sputnik 1, in 1957 – and Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space in 1961. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Here's how Russia's Moon mission lost out to India's Chandrayaan-3

The most coveted announcement of the year for the world of Physics has been made. The Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to a trio of experts for their pioneering work on tiny electrons whose ultra-rapid movements were earlier thought impossible to track.&nbsp;

All matter in the world is composed of atoms, and an electron is its smallest unit. The number of electrons in an atom and their configuration depends on which element we are talking about. For example, a Hydrogen atom has just one electron, Helium atom has two electrons, and an Oxygen atom has eight electrons.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nobel-prize-in-physics-awarded-to-pierre-agostini-ferenc-krausz-and-anne-lhuillier-642100">Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier</a>

The 2023 Nobel Prize laureates in physics are being recognised for their experiments, which have given humanity new tools for exploring the world of electrons inside atoms and molecules.

Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy.<img alt="Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy " data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="65e5b1aa-7ba5-4362-85c5-f9c004620bc3" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-10-03T162946.019.png" />

Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier | The Nobel Prize

"The laureates’ contributions have enabled the investigation of processes that are so rapid they were previously impossible to follow," an official readout said.

<h2>What exactly is the process that won the 2023 Nobel Prize for Physics?</h2>

To put it simply, the Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded for looking at electrons in atoms during the incredibly tiniest of split seconds.&nbsp;

The question arises how small are these split seconds. To understand how tiny they are, consider the following.&nbsp;

One heartbeat conventionally occurs in one second. A tiny hummingbird can beat its wings 80 times per second. We are only able to observe this as a whirring sound and blurred movement. For the human senses, rapid movements blur together, and extremely short events are not possible to observe.

We need to slow it down by using tricks from an advanced camera to observe these very brief instants.

"The same principle applies to all the methods used to measure or depict rapid processes; any measurement must be done more quickly than the time it takes for the system being studied to undergo a noticeable change, otherwise the result is vague. This year’s laureates have conducted experiments that demonstrate a method for producing pulses of light that are brief enough to capture images of processes inside atoms and molecules," an official readout by the 2023 Nobel Committee said.

<h2>A glimpse into Attosecond Physics unraveled by this year's Nobel Laureates</h2>

Atoms’ natural time scale is incredibly short.&nbsp;In a molecule, atoms can move and turn in millionths of a billionth of a second, known as femtoseconds.

But when electrons move inside atoms or molecules, they do it so quickly that changes are blurred out even in a femtosecond.&nbsp;

"In the world of electrons, positions and energies change at speeds of between one and a few hundred attoseconds, where an attosecond is one billionth of a billionth of a second," the Nobel Prize Committee said.&nbsp;

An <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2023/popular-information/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social_media&amp;utm_campaign=nobel_prize_announcements_2023&amp;utm_content=post">attosecond is so short</a> that that the number of them in one second is the same as the number of seconds that have elapsed since the universe came into existence, 13.8 billion years ago, it added.

"On a more relatable scale, we can imagine a flash of light being sent from one end of a room to the opposite wall – this takes ten billion attoseconds."

So far, it was possible to observe atomic processes during the durational period of a femtosecond, nothing beyond that.

"Improving existing technology was not enough to see processes occurring on the amazingly brief timescales of electrons; something entirely new was required. This year’s laureates conducted experiments that opened up the new research field of attosecond physics," the Nobel Prize Committee added.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nobel-prize-in-medicine-goes-to-two-scientists-whose-work-enabled-creation-of-mrna-vaccines-against-covid-19-641736">Nobel prize in medicine: Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman awarded for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19</a>

The trio of scientists, in different countries, did the experiments that cumulatively demonstrated that attosecond pulses could be observed and measured.

"Now that the attosecond world has become accessible, these short bursts of light can be used to study the movements of electrons. It is now possible to produce pulses down to just a few dozen attoseconds, and this technology is developing all the time," the Nobel Committee said in an official statement.&nbsp;

<h2>What does it mean for the world of physics?</h2>

The Attosecond pulses can be used to test the internal processes of matter, and to identify different events.&nbsp;

These pulses have been used to explore the detailed physics of atoms and molecules, and they have potential applications in areas from electronics to medicine, according to the Nobel Prize Committee.&nbsp;

For example, attosecond pulses can be used to push molecules, which emit a measurable signal.&nbsp;

The official Nobel Committee readout said that the signal from the molecules has a special structure, a type of fingerprint that reveals what molecule it is, and the possible applications of this include medical diagnostics as well.&nbsp;

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The most coveted announcement of the year for the world of Physics has been made. The Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to a trio of experts for their pioneering work on tiny electrons whose ultra-rapid movements were earlier thought impossible to track.

The most coveted announcement of the year for the world of Physics has been made. The Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to a trio of experts for their pioneering work on tiny electrons whose ultra-rapid movements were earlier thought impossible to track. All matter in the world is composed of atoms, and an electron is its smallest unit. The number of electrons in an atom and their configuration depends on which element we are talking about. For example, a Hydrogen atom has just one electron, Helium atom has two electrons, and an Oxygen atom has eight electrons. Also read | Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier The 2023 Nobel Prize laureates in physics are being recognised for their experiments, which have given humanity new tools for exploring the world of electrons inside atoms and molecules. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier | The Nobel Prize "The laureates’ contributions have enabled the investigation of processes that are so rapid they were previously impossible to follow," an official readout said. What exactly is the process that won the 2023 Nobel Prize for Physics? To put it simply, the Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded for looking at electrons in atoms during the incredibly tiniest of split seconds. The question arises how small are these split seconds. To understand how tiny they are, consider the following. One heartbeat conventionally occurs in one second. A tiny hummingbird can beat its wings 80 times per second. We are only able to observe this as a whirring sound and blurred movement. For the human senses, rapid movements blur together, and extremely short events are not possible to observe. We need to slow it down by using tricks from an advanced camera to observe these very brief instants. "The same principle applies to all the methods used to measure or depict rapid processes; any measurement must be done more quickly than the time it takes for the system being studied to undergo a noticeable change, otherwise the result is vague. This year’s laureates have conducted experiments that demonstrate a method for producing pulses of light that are brief enough to capture images of processes inside atoms and molecules," an official readout by the 2023 Nobel Committee said. A glimpse into Attosecond Physics unraveled by this year's Nobel Laureates Atoms’ natural time scale is incredibly short. In a molecule, atoms can move and turn in millionths of a billionth of a second, known as femtoseconds. But when electrons move inside atoms or molecules, they do it so quickly that changes are blurred out even in a femtosecond. "In the world of electrons, positions and energies change at speeds of between one and a few hundred attoseconds, where an attosecond is one billionth of a billionth of a second," the Nobel Prize Committee said. An attosecond is so short that that the number of them in one second is the same as the number of seconds that have elapsed since the universe came into existence, 13.8 billion years ago, it added. "On a more relatable scale, we can imagine a flash of light being sent from one end of a room to the opposite wall – this takes ten billion attoseconds." So far, it was possible to observe atomic processes during the durational period of a femtosecond, nothing beyond that. "Improving existing technology was not enough to see processes occurring on the amazingly brief timescales of electrons; something entirely new was required. This year’s laureates conducted experiments that opened up the new research field of attosecond physics," the Nobel Prize Committee added. Also read | Nobel prize in medicine: Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman awarded for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 The trio of scientists, in different countries, did the experiments that cumulatively demonstrated that attosecond pulses could be observed and measured. "Now that the attosecond world has become accessible, these short bursts of light can be used to study the movements of electrons. It is now possible to produce pulses down to just a few dozen attoseconds, and this technology is developing all the time," the Nobel Committee said in an official statement. What does it mean for the world of physics? The Attosecond pulses can be used to test the internal processes of matter, and to identify different events. These pulses have been used to explore the detailed physics of atoms and molecules, and they have potential applications in areas from electronics to medicine, according to the Nobel Prize Committee. For example, attosecond pulses can be used to push molecules, which emit a measurable signal. The official Nobel Committee readout said that the signal from the molecules has a special structure, a type of fingerprint that reveals what molecule it is, and the possible applications of this include medical diagnostics as well. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained: Inside the exciting world of Attosecond Physics that won Nobel Prize 2023

An iconic tiger claw or wagh nakh (a weapon) that reportedly belonged to&nbsp;Maratha empire's patriarch and legendary Indian ruler Shivaji Bhosale I, often referred to as&nbsp;Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, is set to return home centuries after Shivaji is said to have fought a consequential war with the weapon.

The&nbsp;wagh nakh&nbsp;will return to India for the first time after East India Company took it to England in the 1820s during British colonial conquest on Indian subcontinent.&nbsp;

<h2>But India's wagh nakh is returning 'on loan'</h2>

The tiger claw is scheduled to make its return to Indian state of Maharashtra from London in November 2023 coinciding with the 350th&nbsp;anniversary of Shivaji's coronation. It&nbsp;will be brought from London's Victoria and Albert Museum "on loan" for a three-year exhibition in South Mumbai.

Sudhir Mungantiwar, the Culture Minister of Maharashtra, will travel to London on Tuesday to formalise an agreement with the museum for the repatriation of this historic weapon.

It is expected that the wagh nakh will find its home at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum in South Mumbai.

<h2>Battle of Pratapgarh and role of wagh nakh</h2>

The Battle of Pratapgarh&nbsp;in 1659, where the Marathas triumphed over the Adilshahi forces led by Afzal Khan, marked a turning point in Shivaji's quest to establish the Maratha Empire. Despite being outnumbered, the Marathas' victory enhanced Chhatrapati Shivaji's reputation as a brilliant military strategist.

Shivaji's personal act of killing Afzal Khan at the foot of Pratapgarh fort in present-day Satara district, Maharashtra, has become a legendary episode, symbolising his courage in defeating a significantly larger and more powerful adversary.&nbsp;

Shivaji is known to have killed Afzal Khan with wagh nakh.&nbsp;

<h2>How British got India's wagh nakh</h2>

The British purportedly received it from the descendants of the British political agent in Satara after the collapse of the Peshwa rule in 1818.&nbsp;

According to historian Pandurang Balkwade of Pune's Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, the biggest centre of Maratha documents and artefacts, the wagh nakh was kept in the sanctum sanctorum of a temple housed within Satara ruler's family residence, The Times of India reported.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/remembering-ahilyabai-holkar-the-queen-of-marathas-in-indore-483964">Remembering Ahilyabai Holkar, the queen of Marathas in Indore</a>

"The object must have been sacred for it to be kept in the ‘dev ghar’ (house of god)," he is quoted as saying.&nbsp;

According to Indrajeet Sawant, a history researcher in Maharashtra's Kolhapur, the wagh nakh kept in London museum made its way to the British after it was "gifted" by Pratapsinh Maharaj, the fifth and last Chhatrapati, to British political agent James Grant Duff, ToI reported.

<h2>Did Shivaji use wagh nakh to kill Afzal Khan?</h2>

The government has claimed that the wagh nakh to be brought back to India was used by Shivaji to kill Afzal Khan.

But some historians have disputed the claim and said that the weapon that's with the London museum, belonged to Shivaji's family and whether Shivaji used the same weapon to kill Bijapur general Afzal Khan, is subject to verification.&nbsp;

<h2>Why wagh nakh&nbsp;is being returned on loan?</h2>

The British museums, both national and regional, argue the notion of&nbsp;"common humanity" and "shared history", as justification to why they keep the items acquired in dubious circumstances or plundered outright. In recent years, they have come up with the concept&nbsp;of sharing some of the "greatest objects" under their possession,&nbsp;"to be shared with audiences around the world" under long-term partnerships with countries or museums in particular.&nbsp;

The purported middle-ground has not been well received by <a href="https://www.ejournals.eu/pliki/art/23369/">African groups</a> and particularly by&nbsp;Greece, whose&nbsp;50 per cent of the total sculptural decoration of the Parthenon, is with the British.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-to-help-greece-reclaim-historical-artefacts-from-uk-reports-british-media-592664">India to help Greece reclaim historical artefacts from UK</a>

In 2018, the Ethiopian Ambassador said it would not accept a loan of its heritage, and that only the full return with ownership rights and display in Ethiopian museums would be satisfactory. 
 
India in recent years has sped up its efforts to retrieve the heritage it lost to British colonial conquests.

New Delhi&nbsp;is hoping for "a process of retrieval of antiquities through bilateral cooperation and partnership, in a manner consistent with existing international arrangements", an Indian government&nbsp;representative was quoted as saying by Politico&nbsp;in May 2023.

As the current president of Group of 20 (G20) nations, New Delhi had placed&nbsp;the repatriation of antiquities on this agenda G20 leaders' summit that concluded in the Indian capital last month.&nbsp;

The joint statement reiterated its "commitment to strengthen our fight against illicit trafficking of cultural property at national, regional or international levels to enable its return and restitution to their countries and communities of origin as relevant, and call for sustained dialogue and action in that endeavour, with a view to strengthen cultural diplomacy and intercultural exchanges, consistent with national law and relevant UNESCO Conventions." 
 
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An iconic tiger claw or wagh nakh (a weapon) that reportedly belonged to Maratha empire's patriarch and legendary Indian ruler Shivaji Bhosale I, often referred to as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, is set to return home centuries after Shivaji is said to have fought a consequential war with the weapon.

An iconic tiger claw or wagh nakh (a weapon) that reportedly belonged to Maratha empire's patriarch and legendary Indian ruler Shivaji Bhosale I, often referred to as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, is set to return home centuries after Shivaji is said to have fought a consequential war with the weapon. The wagh nakh will return to India for the first time after East India Company took it to England in the 1820s during British colonial conquest on Indian subcontinent. But India's wagh nakh is returning 'on loan' The tiger claw is scheduled to make its return to Indian state of Maharashtra from London in November 2023 coinciding with the 350th anniversary of Shivaji's coronation. It will be brought from London's Victoria and Albert Museum "on loan" for a three-year exhibition in South Mumbai. Sudhir Mungantiwar, the Culture Minister of Maharashtra, will travel to London on Tuesday to formalise an agreement with the museum for the repatriation of this historic weapon. It is expected that the wagh nakh will find its home at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum in South Mumbai. Battle of Pratapgarh and role of wagh nakh The Battle of Pratapgarh in 1659, where the Marathas triumphed over the Adilshahi forces led by Afzal Khan, marked a turning point in Shivaji's quest to establish the Maratha Empire. Despite being outnumbered, the Marathas' victory enhanced Chhatrapati Shivaji's reputation as a brilliant military strategist. Shivaji's personal act of killing Afzal Khan at the foot of Pratapgarh fort in present-day Satara district, Maharashtra, has become a legendary episode, symbolising his courage in defeating a significantly larger and more powerful adversary. Shivaji is known to have killed Afzal Khan with wagh nakh. How British got India's wagh nakh The British purportedly received it from the descendants of the British political agent in Satara after the collapse of the Peshwa rule in 1818. According to historian Pandurang Balkwade of Pune's Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, the biggest centre of Maratha documents and artefacts, the wagh nakh was kept in the sanctum sanctorum of a temple housed within Satara ruler's family residence, The Times of India reported. Also read | Remembering Ahilyabai Holkar, the queen of Marathas in Indore "The object must have been sacred for it to be kept in the ‘dev ghar’ (house of god)," he is quoted as saying. According to Indrajeet Sawant, a history researcher in Maharashtra's Kolhapur, the wagh nakh kept in London museum made its way to the British after it was "gifted" by Pratapsinh Maharaj, the fifth and last Chhatrapati, to British political agent James Grant Duff, ToI reported. Did Shivaji use wagh nakh to kill Afzal Khan? The government has claimed that the wagh nakh to be brought back to India was used by Shivaji to kill Afzal Khan. But some historians have disputed the claim and said that the weapon that's with the London museum, belonged to Shivaji's family and whether Shivaji used the same weapon to kill Bijapur general Afzal Khan, is subject to verification. Why wagh nakh is being returned on loan? The British museums, both national and regional, argue the notion of "common humanity" and "shared history", as justification to why they keep the items acquired in dubious circumstances or plundered outright. In recent years, they have come up with the concept of sharing some of the "greatest objects" under their possession, "to be shared with audiences around the world" under long-term partnerships with countries or museums in particular. The purported middle-ground has not been well received by African groups and particularly by Greece, whose 50 per cent of the total sculptural decoration of the Parthenon, is with the British. Also read | India to help Greece reclaim historical artefacts from UK In 2018, the Ethiopian Ambassador said it would not accept a loan of its heritage, and that only the full return with ownership rights and display in Ethiopian museums would be satisfactory. India in recent years has sped up its efforts to retrieve the heritage it lost to British colonial conquests. New Delhi is hoping for "a process of retrieval of antiquities through bilateral cooperation and partnership, in a manner consistent with existing international arrangements", an Indian government representative was quoted as saying by Politico in May 2023. As the current president of Group of 20 (G20) nations, New Delhi had placed the repatriation of antiquities on this agenda G20 leaders' summit that concluded in the Indian capital last month. The joint statement reiterated its "commitment to strengthen our fight against illicit trafficking of cultural property at national, regional or international levels to enable its return and restitution to their countries and communities of origin as relevant, and call for sustained dialogue and action in that endeavour, with a view to strengthen cultural diplomacy and intercultural exchanges, consistent with national law and relevant UNESCO Conventions." WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained | How Shivaji's tiger claw weapon is returning to India 'on loan' for three years

Thousands of Chinese citizens are illegally entering the United States via the San Diego-Mexico border, seeking asylum like the citizens of impoverished Central African and war-torn West Asian nations, and pulling out a Chinese reality into the free world away from its glittering coastal cities. Experts suggest that this may be a reflection of the dire straits faced by some sections of the Chinese economy.

Data from the US Customs and Border Protection shows that this year, until August 2023, a total of 20,273 Chinese migrant encounters occurred at the US-Mexico border, up from 2,176 a year earlier, a whopping increase of 831 per cent.&nbsp;<img alt="Border Patrol agents hand out trash bags to the arriving migrants from China to use against rain and cold wind as they wait for transport to a processing center next to a cemetery in Fronton, Texas, U.S." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="14dc5204-c242-468c-871a-060bf8f2a407" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/WhatsApp%20Image%202023-10-03%20at%2013.07.32_0.jpeg" />

File photo of Border Patrol agents handing out trash bags to the arriving migrants from China to use against rain and cold wind as they wait for transport to a processing centre next to a cemetery in Fronton, Texas in April 2023&nbsp;| Reuters

The number is likely to increase even further after the end of 2023 when annual data on migrant encounters is released.&nbsp;

The extraordinary increase in the number of Chinese migrant encounters confirms two things that many China watchers have been saying for a long time.

"One, the glittering Chinese coastal cities or even the exceptional hinterland city like Chongqing are not a measure of the wealth of China," said Sridharan Subramanyam, a China Watcher at Chennai Centre for China Studies.

"The poverty in China's rural areas, due to various reasons, is real," he told WION.

This August, the city of Zhuozhou in China's Hebei province was devastated by the worst floods that hit northern China in living memory.

Less than 50 km from Beijing, thousands of homes were damaged in the wake of Typhoon Doksuri.

Several blog posts about the Zhouzhou floods, which accused the authorities of deliberately flooding certain Chinese towns to control the water levels in Beijing, were censored from the messaging platform WeChat.&nbsp;

"The attempt by government officials is to prevent the leakage of facts (on poverty as well), as we saw in the recent Beijing floods," Subramanyam added.&nbsp;

The second aspect, the expert said, is that China's economic situation in the last two years has been very dire.&nbsp;

<h2>Faltering economy&nbsp;behind rising illegal Chinese migration to the US?</h2>

To recover from the global economic consequences of the Covid pandemic, Chinese leader Xi Jinping introduced the 'dual circulation' policy to encourage domestic consumption after a fall in external demand for Chinese goods and services.&nbsp;

The policy has not paid off, Subramanyam pointed out.&nbsp;

"The Chinese do not have enough trust, at least in near terms, of their economy doing well and are saving even more than they already used to do so highly. The consumption rates as a result have been falling," he said.&nbsp;

<h2>What else is pushing China's poor into the US?</h2>

The draconian ‘zero-Covid’ policy, coupled with the trade war with the US and the <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-china-chip-war-intensify-amid-calls-for-small-yard-high-fence-approach-to-contain-china-618392">latter’s ban on semiconductor technology</a>, are all adding to Xi Jinping's woes.&nbsp;

Moreover, Xi Jinping's flagship Belt and Road Initiative, a massive trade and infrastructure network that seeks to connect the country with the West in a model based on the ancient Silk Route, is "failing", Subramanyam said.

Also read |&nbsp;Gravitas: China's Xi Jinping snubbed as Italy dumps BRI

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An analysis of a dozen countries most indebted to China — including Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Laos and Mongolia — shows that paying back the debt "is consuming an ever-greater amount of the tax revenue…and draining foreign currency reserves", Associated Press reported.&nbsp;

Behind this, AP said, "is China’s reluctance to forgive debt and its extreme secrecy about how much money it has loaned and on what terms, which has kept other major lenders from stepping in to help."

"China has not only been unable to generate much return on (BRI) investments. It also is in danger of losing the capital in several countries in the last three years," Subramanyam added.

Meanwhile, the slow but relentless de-risking leading to the relocation of industries from China to other countries is continuing to expand distress in the world's second-largest economy, pushing thousands of blue-collar workers to look for greener pastures elsewhere in the world.

All these may be acting as the 'push factor' in the migration of Chinese to the US. It's an irony of history that, centuries ago, they were among the first Asians to migrate in search of better lives, escaping the poverty at home, which led to the ubiquitous China Towns in several US cities.

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Thousands of Chinese citizens are illegally entering the United States via the San Diego-Mexico border, seeking asylum like the citizens of impoverished Central African and war-torn West Asian nations, and pulling out a Chinese reality into the free world away from its glittering coastal cities.

Thousands of Chinese citizens are illegally entering the United States via the San Diego-Mexico border, seeking asylum like the citizens of impoverished Central African and war-torn West Asian nations, and pulling out a Chinese reality into the free world away from its glittering coastal cities. Experts suggest that this may be a reflection of the dire straits faced by some sections of the Chinese economy. Data from the US Customs and Border Protection shows that this year, until August 2023, a total of 20,273 Chinese migrant encounters occurred at the US-Mexico border, up from 2,176 a year earlier, a whopping increase of 831 per cent. File photo of Border Patrol agents handing out trash bags to the arriving migrants from China to use against rain and cold wind as they wait for transport to a processing centre next to a cemetery in Fronton, Texas in April 2023 | Reuters The number is likely to increase even further after the end of 2023 when annual data on migrant encounters is released. The extraordinary increase in the number of Chinese migrant encounters confirms two things that many China watchers have been saying for a long time. "One, the glittering Chinese coastal cities or even the exceptional hinterland city like Chongqing are not a measure of the wealth of China," said Sridharan Subramanyam, a China Watcher at Chennai Centre for China Studies. "The poverty in China's rural areas, due to various reasons, is real," he told WION. This August, the city of Zhuozhou in China's Hebei province was devastated by the worst floods that hit northern China in living memory. Less than 50 km from Beijing, thousands of homes were damaged in the wake of Typhoon Doksuri. Several blog posts about the Zhouzhou floods, which accused the authorities of deliberately flooding certain Chinese towns to control the water levels in Beijing, were censored from the messaging platform WeChat. "The attempt by government officials is to prevent the leakage of facts (on poverty as well), as we saw in the recent Beijing floods," Subramanyam added. The second aspect, the expert said, is that China's economic situation in the last two years has been very dire. Faltering economy behind rising illegal Chinese migration to the US? To recover from the global economic consequences of the Covid pandemic, Chinese leader Xi Jinping introduced the 'dual circulation' policy to encourage domestic consumption after a fall in external demand for Chinese goods and services. The policy has not paid off, Subramanyam pointed out. "The Chinese do not have enough trust, at least in near terms, of their economy doing well and are saving even more than they already used to do so highly. The consumption rates as a result have been falling," he said. What else is pushing China's poor into the US? The draconian ‘zero-Covid’ policy, coupled with the trade war with the US and the latter’s ban on semiconductor technology, are all adding to Xi Jinping's woes. Moreover, Xi Jinping's flagship Belt and Road Initiative, a massive trade and infrastructure network that seeks to connect the country with the West in a model based on the ancient Silk Route, is "failing", Subramanyam said. Also read | Gravitas: China's Xi Jinping snubbed as Italy dumps BRI × An analysis of a dozen countries most indebted to China — including Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Laos and Mongolia — shows that paying back the debt "is consuming an ever-greater amount of the tax revenue…and draining foreign currency reserves", Associated Press reported. Behind this, AP said, "is China’s reluctance to forgive debt and its extreme secrecy about how much money it has loaned and on what terms, which has kept other major lenders from stepping in to help." "China has not only been unable to generate much return on (BRI) investments. It also is in danger of losing the capital in several countries in the last three years," Subramanyam added. Meanwhile, the slow but relentless de-risking leading to the relocation of industries from China to other countries is continuing to expand distress in the world's second-largest economy, pushing thousands of blue-collar workers to look for greener pastures elsewhere in the world. All these may be acting as the 'push factor' in the migration of Chinese to the US. It's an irony of history that, centuries ago, they were among the first Asians to migrate in search of better lives, escaping the poverty at home, which led to the ubiquitous China Towns in several US cities. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

China's poverty is on display at the Mexico-US border in the form of thousands of Chinese migrants

7 Things That Can Make Your Desi Wedding a Dreamy Gala

Remember, it's YOUR wedding. Not a party at a club or pub. So the music, whether for dance or during rituals such as sangeet, haldi or mehendi, should be of YOUR choice. Personalise it. Make an Excel sheet. Brief your music person to follow your instructions on music to the last T.


If you are from the groom's side, you can choose to decline the sums of money sent over from the bride's side for your relatives. Dowry, of course, must be a big no. Take a stand. In a country where girls are still seen as a burden on the household in many areas, a no-gift-policy wedding sends out a great message.

It may rain when your baraat begins to leave. The tyre in your decorated car may go flat. And there's going to be quite some negotiation at the gate of the venue if you are the groom. So the grooms of this nation, the best man by your side must be the smartest chap around as well.


4. Know what you are putting on your face

In parts of India, the haldi paste prepared for a wedding ritual is often mixed with other ingredients such as rose water and even mustard oil. If that's the case with you, be sure of the other ingredients being put in your haldi for the ritual. There's no space for potential allergies on the wedding day.



The wedding may conclude in a couple of days but the pictures will remain forever. Try to hire photographers who capture the moments instead of making you pose all the time, and make you feel conscious. The lighting is crucial, and so is a passionate photographer pulling off their best for you.

6. Pay advances, not all the money upfront

All the money to the vendors, such as the caterer, concerned should not be paid upfront. Make sure you pay them once they're done feeding the guests. The goof-ups, such as guests being overfed with starters to save up on the main course, may at times strike back too. Desi guests love the main course, and your caterer must be able to serve them well.

7. Take your wedding vows with a meaning


Try to get as much sleep as possible before the wedding. Keep your face fresh and soul sound. Mean the words of vows you say to your partner. Promise them what the words of vows specify. And stand on the ground of companionship then and there, for it is known to last a lifetime.

From a rainy day of baraat to vows with a difference, here's how you can make your desi wedding a dreamy gala

In 1958, when the coastal city of Karachi was still Pakistan's capital, General Ayub Khan made the move to push the boundaries of country's administration inside military barracks as he staged Pakistan's first successful coup d'état. In the decades between General Ayub Khan and General Asim Munir, the capital of Pakistan shifted from Karachi to Islamabad, military-supported regimes replaced conventionally direct coup&nbsp;d'états but the dominance of Rawalpindi&nbsp;— Islamabad's satellite town that houses Pakistan Army's headquarters — remained a constant.<img alt="File photos of General Ayub Khan and General Asim Munir of Pakistan Army" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="ee19bbc5-147c-439c-ab08-4cba16b5a58e" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-10-01T210032.975.png" />

File photos of General Ayub Khan and General Asim Munir of Pakistan Army

This week, the lawyer of former Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan alleged that the country's only World Cup-winning cricket captain is being&nbsp;"mentally tortured" in the Adiala Jail, where he is jailed since August&nbsp;after he was handed a three-year prison sentence in a corruption case.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/to-coup-or-not-coup-pakistan-armys-options-after-imran-khans-mini-intifada-592986">To coup or not coup: Pakistan Army’s options after Imran Khan’s 'mini-intifada'</a>

Country's election&nbsp;authorities have also banned Khan from running for office for five years.

With Imran Khan out of the picture, former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, who has been dodging a corruption case against him since 2018 with a self-imposed exile,&nbsp;is set to return to the country, his brother and another former Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif confirmed this week.

Yes, India's neighbour has had too many prime ministers since its inception&nbsp;— twenty to be precise, none of whom could ever complete a five-year tenure amid military's dominance.&nbsp;

But there is another cache in the evolving semblance of democracy in Pakistan.

By law, the next national elections should have been scheduled till or before November 12, 2023&nbsp;— exactly ninety days after Pakistan's National Assembly was dissolved and Shehbaz Sharif was replaced as prime minister by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/explained-anwaar-ul-haq-kakar-established-as-pakistans-caretaker-pm-why-it-matters-625011">Anwaar-ul Haq Kakar</a>, an undistinguished politician from the restive Balochistan province.&nbsp;

But the elections have been formally delayed till the end of January on account of redrawing of the national assembly constituencies.

However, the January may not bring the climax for the current phase of Pakistan's dance of democracy in the theatre of military-intelligence nexus.

This week, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, another former Pakistani prime minister, stated that elections in Pakistan could be further delayed beyond January.&nbsp;

Abbasi said that elections may not be possible in January in several constituencies of the country due to heavy snowfall in the winter. The idea has been sown in Pakistani public sphere to the next potential trajectory of the most asked question of Pakistan:&nbsp;Mulk mein intekhab kab honge?&nbsp;(When will there be elections in the country?)

The small-talk of state of weather may very well determine the direction of larger conversation of national elections in Pakistan in the coming weeks.

Amid this small talk, here's how the concealed discourse of Pakistani politics&nbsp;looks for Imran Khan, country's most popular leader by most credible accounts.

There is a three-year prison sentence, five years ban on contesting elections, an ever-delaying election and the return of his foe Nawaz Sharif from an exile.<img alt="File photo of former Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif with Imran Khan" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8b3e6530-6e0b-4338-8182-184975ef732c" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-10-01T210307.169.png" />

File photo of former Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif with Imran Khan 
 
In Pakistan's Game of Thrones where the military wears the crown, Imran Khan remains stacked against the wall.&nbsp;

That's all for The Capitals this week. See you next weekend.&nbsp;

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In 1958, when the coastal city of Karachi was still Pakistan's capital, General Ayub Khan made the move to push the boundaries of country's administration inside military barracks as he staged Pakistan's first successful coup d'état.

In 1958, when the coastal city of Karachi was still Pakistan's capital, General Ayub Khan made the move to push the boundaries of country's administration inside military barracks as he staged Pakistan's first successful coup d'état. In the decades between General Ayub Khan and General Asim Munir, the capital of Pakistan shifted from Karachi to Islamabad, military-supported regimes replaced conventionally direct coup d'états but the dominance of Rawalpindi — Islamabad's satellite town that houses Pakistan Army's headquarters — remained a constant. File photos of General Ayub Khan and General Asim Munir of Pakistan Army This week, the lawyer of former Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan alleged that the country's only World Cup-winning cricket captain is being "mentally tortured" in the Adiala Jail, where he is jailed since August after he was handed a three-year prison sentence in a corruption case. Also read | To coup or not coup: Pakistan Army’s options after Imran Khan’s 'mini-intifada' Country's election authorities have also banned Khan from running for office for five years. With Imran Khan out of the picture, former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, who has been dodging a corruption case against him since 2018 with a self-imposed exile, is set to return to the country, his brother and another former Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif confirmed this week. Yes, India's neighbour has had too many prime ministers since its inception — twenty to be precise, none of whom could ever complete a five-year tenure amid military's dominance. But there is another cache in the evolving semblance of democracy in Pakistan. By law, the next national elections should have been scheduled till or before November 12, 2023 — exactly ninety days after Pakistan's National Assembly was dissolved and Shehbaz Sharif was replaced as prime minister by Anwaar-ul Haq Kakar, an undistinguished politician from the restive Balochistan province. But the elections have been formally delayed till the end of January on account of redrawing of the national assembly constituencies. However, the January may not bring the climax for the current phase of Pakistan's dance of democracy in the theatre of military-intelligence nexus. This week, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, another former Pakistani prime minister, stated that elections in Pakistan could be further delayed beyond January. Abbasi said that elections may not be possible in January in several constituencies of the country due to heavy snowfall in the winter. The idea has been sown in Pakistani public sphere to the next potential trajectory of the most asked question of Pakistan: Mulk mein intekhab kab honge? (When will there be elections in the country?) The small-talk of state of weather may very well determine the direction of larger conversation of national elections in Pakistan in the coming weeks. Amid this small talk, here's how the concealed discourse of Pakistani politics looks for Imran Khan, country's most popular leader by most credible accounts. There is a three-year prison sentence, five years ban on contesting elections, an ever-delaying election and the return of his foe Nawaz Sharif from an exile. File photo of former Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif with Imran Khan In Pakistan's Game of Thrones where the military wears the crown, Imran Khan remains stacked against the wall. That's all for The Capitals this week. See you next weekend. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

The Capitals: Islamabad's game of thrones stacked against Imran Khan

Former Slovakia prime minister Robert Fico may become the leader of landlocked a former Soviet Republic nation once again. Fico is being described as a pro-Russia figure by western media amid ongoing war in Ukraine.&nbsp;

The election was expected to be a close race between Fico’s populist SMER party and the centrist Progressive Slovensko (PS). But with all votes counted, SMER-SSD led with 23 per cent, and PS trailed with 17 per cent.

Fico pulled off a political comeback after campaigning on pro-Russian lines and promised to withdraw support for ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

<h2>Why Slovakia matters for Ukraine</h2>

Under the previous regime, Slovakia, a member of both NATO and the European Union, was among a number of European countries pushing for tough EU sanctions against Russia.

Slovakia was the first nation to supply air defences to Ukraine when the Russian President Vladimir Putin announced 'special military operations' against the country.&nbsp;

Slovakia had provided Ukraine with MiG-29 fighter jets, S-300 air defence systems as well as helicopters, and armoured vehicles. It also hosts a number of refugees from the war-torn country.&nbsp;

Also watch |&nbsp;Slovak Elections: Populist leader Robert Fico wins elections

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However, Fico has promised that under him, the country will no longer extend support to Ukraine.

"Instead of sending arms to Kyiv, the EU and the US should use their influence to force Russia and Ukraine to strike a compromise peace deal," he was quoted as saying.

Fico has blamed "Ukrainian Nazis and fascists" for pushing Russian President Vladimir Putin to launch an offensive against Ukraine, a charge Kyiv denies.

Fico previously served as Slovakia’s prime minister for more than a decade, first between 2006 and 2010 and then again from 2012 to 2018.

He was forced to resign in March 2018 after weeks of mass protests over the murder of investigative journalist Jan Kuciak and his fiancée, Martina Kušnírová. The journalist had reported on corruption among the country’s elite, including people directly connected to Fico and his party.

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Former Slovakia prime minister Robert Fico may become the leader of landlocked a former Soviet Republic nation once again. Fico is being described as a pro-Russia figure by western media amid ongoing war in Ukraine.

Former Slovakia prime minister Robert Fico may become the leader of landlocked a former Soviet Republic nation once again. Fico is being described as a pro-Russia figure by western media amid ongoing war in Ukraine. The election was expected to be a close race between Fico’s populist SMER party and the centrist Progressive Slovensko (PS). But with all votes counted, SMER-SSD led with 23 per cent, and PS trailed with 17 per cent. Fico pulled off a political comeback after campaigning on pro-Russian lines and promised to withdraw support for ongoing conflict in Ukraine. Why Slovakia matters for Ukraine Under the previous regime, Slovakia, a member of both NATO and the European Union, was among a number of European countries pushing for tough EU sanctions against Russia. Slovakia was the first nation to supply air defences to Ukraine when the Russian President Vladimir Putin announced 'special military operations' against the country. Slovakia had provided Ukraine with MiG-29 fighter jets, S-300 air defence systems as well as helicopters, and armoured vehicles. It also hosts a number of refugees from the war-torn country. Also watch | Slovak Elections: Populist leader Robert Fico wins elections × However, Fico has promised that under him, the country will no longer extend support to Ukraine. "Instead of sending arms to Kyiv, the EU and the US should use their influence to force Russia and Ukraine to strike a compromise peace deal," he was quoted as saying. Fico has blamed "Ukrainian Nazis and fascists" for pushing Russian President Vladimir Putin to launch an offensive against Ukraine, a charge Kyiv denies. Fico previously served as Slovakia’s prime minister for more than a decade, first between 2006 and 2010 and then again from 2012 to 2018. He was forced to resign in March 2018 after weeks of mass protests over the murder of investigative journalist Jan Kuciak and his fiancée, Martina Kušnírová. The journalist had reported on corruption among the country’s elite, including people directly connected to Fico and his party. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Why Robert Fico's win in Slovakia is good news for Vladimir Putin during Ukraine war

Yevgeny Prigozhin, the former leader of the Wagner mercenaries and Russian President Vladimir Putin's former chef who served him a dish of treason in June, has apparently left a significant portion of his wealth to his 25-year-old son, Pavel.

A photograph purportedly showing Prigozhin's will is circulating on social media. It suggests that Pavel Prigozhin is designated the sole inheritor of his father's assets and the private militia.

Prigozhin, who amassed substantial wealth through catering contracts before founding the Wagner Group, which supported Russia's offensive in Ukraine, died in August in a mysterious private jet crash. The incident occurred a little more than a month after he led a mutiny against the Russian military, seen as a direct challenge to President Putin.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/wagner-rebellion-when-putins-former-chef-served-a-dish-of-treason-ten-points-608452">Wagner rebellion: When Putin’s former favourite chef served a dish of ‘treason’ | 10 points</a>

Following Prigozhin's demise, Putin referred to his former ally as a "talented" businessman who had made "serious mistakes" and faced a "difficult fate."&nbsp;

The document shared online states that all of Prigozhin's current and future property has been passed on to Pavel Evgenyevich Prigozhin.

Should Pavel pass away, the inheritance is to be divided among Prigozhin's widow, Lyubov, Pavel's two sisters, and the Wagner chief's alleged grandson, whose existence is unconfirmed but implied in the document, The Times reported.&nbsp;

<h2>What is Pavel supposed to do now?</h2>

Pavel, aged just 25, publicly accepted the inheritance and its conditions last month.

As per the purported terms of the will, Pavel is expected to provide for the family, including his grandmother Violetta.

The document on a Telegram channel, seen by WION, suggests that Pavel is set to inherit approximately £100 million, including assets such as a three-story house in St Petersburg, the Wagner Group, nine joint-stock companies, and shares in Concord, the catering firm, and its subsidiaries.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-with-prigozhin-dead-wagner-groups-bloodied-past-tumultuous-present-uncertain-future-629170">Explained | With Prigozhin dead, Wagner group's bloodied past, tumultuous present &amp; uncertain future</a>

The channel also indicates that Pavel may attempt to recover debts of £680 million owed by the Russian defence ministry.

While Prigozhin's official wealth was estimated at 14.6 billion roubles, the Russian opposition activist Alexei Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation has asserted that the true figure is closer to two trillion. Prigozhin possessed additional assets, including a Hawker private jet and a £5.2 million superyacht.

In March, the US Treasury disclosed that Pavel controlled several companies and luxury real estate complexes in St Petersburg, resulting in sanctions from Canada, the US, the UK, and other countries.

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Yevgeny Prigozhin, the former leader of the Wagner mercenaries and Russian President Vladimir Putin's former chef who served him a dish of treason in June, has apparently left a significant portion of his wealth to his 25-year-old son, Pavel.

Yevgeny Prigozhin, the former leader of the Wagner mercenaries and Russian President Vladimir Putin's former chef who served him a dish of treason in June, has apparently left a significant portion of his wealth to his 25-year-old son, Pavel. A photograph purportedly showing Prigozhin's will is circulating on social media. It suggests that Pavel Prigozhin is designated the sole inheritor of his father's assets and the private militia. Prigozhin, who amassed substantial wealth through catering contracts before founding the Wagner Group, which supported Russia's offensive in Ukraine, died in August in a mysterious private jet crash. The incident occurred a little more than a month after he led a mutiny against the Russian military, seen as a direct challenge to President Putin. Also read | Wagner rebellion: When Putin’s former favourite chef served a dish of ‘treason’ | 10 points Following Prigozhin's demise, Putin referred to his former ally as a "talented" businessman who had made "serious mistakes" and faced a "difficult fate." The document shared online states that all of Prigozhin's current and future property has been passed on to Pavel Evgenyevich Prigozhin. Should Pavel pass away, the inheritance is to be divided among Prigozhin's widow, Lyubov, Pavel's two sisters, and the Wagner chief's alleged grandson, whose existence is unconfirmed but implied in the document, The Times reported. What is Pavel supposed to do now? Pavel, aged just 25, publicly accepted the inheritance and its conditions last month. As per the purported terms of the will, Pavel is expected to provide for the family, including his grandmother Violetta. The document on a Telegram channel, seen by WION, suggests that Pavel is set to inherit approximately £100 million, including assets such as a three-story house in St Petersburg, the Wagner Group, nine joint-stock companies, and shares in Concord, the catering firm, and its subsidiaries. Also read | Explained | With Prigozhin dead, Wagner group's bloodied past, tumultuous present & uncertain future The channel also indicates that Pavel may attempt to recover debts of £680 million owed by the Russian defence ministry. While Prigozhin's official wealth was estimated at 14.6 billion roubles, the Russian opposition activist Alexei Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation has asserted that the true figure is closer to two trillion. Prigozhin possessed additional assets, including a Hawker private jet and a £5.2 million superyacht. In March, the US Treasury disclosed that Pavel controlled several companies and luxury real estate complexes in St Petersburg, resulting in sanctions from Canada, the US, the UK, and other countries. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

This 25-year-old Russian is sole inheritor of Yevgeny Prigozhin's Wagner group

Laphonza Butler will replace deceased California Senator Dianne Feinstein in the Senate, Governor Gavin Newsom of California announced on Sunday (October 1).&nbsp;

Butler, the first openly Lesbian senator to represent California, is likely to be sworn in on Wednesday. It is not clear whether&nbsp;Butler will run to serve a full six-year term.

Butler, 44, has been in politics for fifteen years. She is a former leader of the state's largest labour union. She has also been an adviser to the US Vice President Kamala Harris.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-californias-longest-serving-senator-dianne-feinstein-dies-at-90-641024">US: California’s longest-serving Senator Dianne Feinstein dies at 90</a>

In 2021, Laphonza Butler became the president of Emily's List, a fund-raising organisation that works towards electing female candidates and supporters of abortion rights.

Butler was the first Black woman to lead the Emily's List.

Senator Feinstein died at 90 on Thursday in Washington, DC.

Her body was flown over the weekend back to San Francisco, where a memorial service has been scheduled for later this week.

"As we mourn the enormous loss of Senator Feinstein, the very freedoms she fought for — reproductive freedom, equal protection and safety from gun violence — have never been under greater assault," Newsom said in a statement. "Laphonza will carry the baton left by Senator Feinstein, continue to break glass ceilings and fight for all Californians in Washington, D.C."

<h2>What does it mean?</h2>

Butler's appointment would bring a difference as compared to the late Senator Feinstein, a wealthy centrist who was raised in an affluent San Francisco family, and graduated from Stanford University.

Butler's humble origins have now come into the spotlight.&nbsp;

She is the daughter of a woman, who after the loss of her husband, raised Butler while working as a security guard, and among other jobs as a gas station cashier, home-care worker and teaching assistant.

Also watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: US could face its fourth partial government shutdown in a decade

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Before taking a role at Emily's List, she spent nearly two decades at the Service Employees International Union.

She organised nurses and janitors at the SEIU before moving in 2009 to California.

In California, she rose to eventually lead the largest union in California, a branch of S.E.I.U. representing 325,000 home-care workers. Her accomplishments in California included the passage of a $15 minimum wage.

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Laphonza Butler will replace deceased California Senator Dianne Feinstein in the Senate, Governor Gavin Newsom of California announced on Sunday (October 1). Butler, the first openly Lesbian senator to represent California, is likely to be sworn in on Wednesday.

Laphonza Butler will replace deceased California Senator Dianne Feinstein in the Senate, Governor Gavin Newsom of California announced on Sunday (October 1). Butler, the first openly Lesbian senator to represent California, is likely to be sworn in on Wednesday. It is not clear whether Butler will run to serve a full six-year term. Butler, 44, has been in politics for fifteen years. She is a former leader of the state's largest labour union. She has also been an adviser to the US Vice President Kamala Harris. Also read | US: California’s longest-serving Senator Dianne Feinstein dies at 90 In 2021, Laphonza Butler became the president of Emily's List, a fund-raising organisation that works towards electing female candidates and supporters of abortion rights. Butler was the first Black woman to lead the Emily's List. Senator Feinstein died at 90 on Thursday in Washington, DC. Her body was flown over the weekend back to San Francisco, where a memorial service has been scheduled for later this week. "As we mourn the enormous loss of Senator Feinstein, the very freedoms she fought for — reproductive freedom, equal protection and safety from gun violence — have never been under greater assault," Newsom said in a statement. "Laphonza will carry the baton left by Senator Feinstein, continue to break glass ceilings and fight for all Californians in Washington, D.C." What does it mean? Butler's appointment would bring a difference as compared to the late Senator Feinstein, a wealthy centrist who was raised in an affluent San Francisco family, and graduated from Stanford University. Butler's humble origins have now come into the spotlight. She is the daughter of a woman, who after the loss of her husband, raised Butler while working as a security guard, and among other jobs as a gas station cashier, home-care worker and teaching assistant. Also watch | Gravitas: US could face its fourth partial government shutdown in a decade × Before taking a role at Emily's List, she spent nearly two decades at the Service Employees International Union. She organised nurses and janitors at the SEIU before moving in 2009 to California. In California, she rose to eventually lead the largest union in California, a branch of S.E.I.U. representing 325,000 home-care workers. Her accomplishments in California included the passage of a $15 minimum wage. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Laphonza Butler to become California's first openly Lesbian senator

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