The People's Liberation Army (PLA) and defense experts emphasize that AI-driven systems fundamentally reshape modern warfare, shifting the battlefield toward "intelligentized combat".


PLA Says AI-Driven Systems Reshaping Modern Warfare

#Gravitas Poland has said no to Washington's alleged request to send its patriot air defence systems to West Asia. The rejection comes at a time when the United States is reportedly burning through its most advanced missile interceptors against Iranian missiles and drones.

Poland Rejects 'Unofficial' US Request for Patriot System

As West Asia spirals into high-intensity missile and drone exchanges, the economics of modern warfare are shifting. Low-tech systems like the Shahhed-136, a moped-engine drone, are proving devastatingly cost-effective, disrupting the billion-dollar traditional defence market. Legacy giants like Lockheed Martin and RTX struggle to scale production of $4 million Patriot interceptors, while agile startups are winning the “war of burn rates” with faster, cheaper, and innovative solutions.

Modern Warfare’s Billion Dollar Pivot | Tech Startups Challenging Big Defence

Escalating conflict involving Iran is disrupting global energy flows, pushing oil prices sharply higher and threatening economies that depend heavily on imports of crude, LNG, and other commodities. The Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint for about 20 % of global oil and LNG shipments, has seen reduced traffic and rising war‑risk premiums, driving costs up and straining supply chains. Asian importers like India, Japan, and South Korea face mounting inflation and higher fuel bills as crude surges and shipping costs rise.

Iran’s Economic Warfare & Global Impact | Import-dependent Economies Brace for Higher Bills

In warfare, speed keeps attack helicopters alive. High speed reduces exposure to enemy fire, enables shoot-and-scoot attacks, breaks missile lock-ons and allows rapid response. With drones handling endurance, helicopters now prioritise speed to survive dense air defences.

‘Speed vs Endurance’: Why attack helicopter speed matters more than endurance during warfare

The Pentagon has announced a $1 billion “Drone Dominance Program” to acquire over 300,000 kamikaze and one-way attack drones by 2028. Inspired by lessons from Ukraine, where low-cost disposable drones have transformed modern warfare, this program aims to accelerate U.S. adoption of affordable drone systems. Vendors must prove performance in a competitive gauntlet to secure bulk orders of 1,000+ drones.


U.S. Unveils Massive 'Drone Dominance' Program for 300,000 Kamikaze UAVs by 2028

Experts are sounding the alarm over the rise of “brain weapons” — chemicals and emerging technologies capable of altering behaviour, manipulating emotions, and erasing memories. As global powers race to control the human mind, concerns are growing that international treaties are failing to keep up with this terrifying new frontier of warfare. Watch to uncover the science, the risks, and the urgent warnings shaping the future of global security.

The Battle For Your Brain Begins, Experts Warn: Your Thoughts Are At Risk

A new report reveals how Russia quietly integrated Western technology into its nuclear submarine fleet enhancing the stealth, endurance, and survivability of the world’s most powerful underwater weapons.

How Western Tech Reinforced Russian Submarines

China is developing cutting-edge technologies that could revolutionize anti-submarine warfare. New research claims AI-powered systems combined with magnetic wake detection can potentially expose even the stealthiest submarines, threatening the naval dominance of major powers. Could this mean the end of underwater invisibility? Here's how the tech works — and why it matters.


Are submarines becoming redundant? | AI takes over warfare

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into military systems is reshaping the global strategic landscape, and nowhere is this transformation more consequential than in South Asia, where India and Pakistan&rsquo;s longstanding rivalry persists. As India accelerates its AI-driven defence modernisation, questions arise about whether this technological edge will be used to bolster deterrence against Pakistan or risk destabilising an already fragile balance. The answer lies in India&rsquo;s strategic priorities, the evolving nature of warfare, and the delicate dance of deterrence in a nuclear-armed region.
India&rsquo;s commitment to AI in defence is unmistakable. The establishment of the Defence Artificial Intelligence Council, chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, and the Military AI Project Agency with a $13.2 million annual budget signal a robust push toward AI-enhanced capabilities. From autonomous drones to AI-powered surveillance systems along the Line of Control (LoC), India is developing tools to improve decision-making, precision warfare, and cybersecurity. The deployment of 140 AI-based surveillance systems, equipped with high-resolution cameras and radar feeds, underscores India&rsquo;s focus on real-time situational awareness&mdash;a critical asset in countering Pakistan&rsquo;s asymmetric tactics, such as cross-border militancy.
Pakistan, while lagging in AI development, is not standing still. The National Centre for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), established in 2018, and the Pakistan Air Force&rsquo;s Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Computing (CENTAIC) are advancing AI applications in electronic warfare and drone technology, such as the Burraq drone. Pakistan&rsquo;s collaboration with China, a global leader in AI militarisation, further amplifies its potential to narrow the technological gap. However, resource constraints and reliance on external partners limit Pakistan&rsquo;s ability to match India&rsquo;s scale and pace.
Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions/khyber-pakhtunkhwa-and-balochistan-pakistans-twin-crises-that-could-spell-doom-in-a-war-with-india-9036664">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan: Pakistan&rsquo;s twin crises that could spell doom in a war with India</a>
For India, AI offers a double-edged sword in its deterrence strategy. On one hand, superior AI capabilities could strengthen conventional deterrence by enhancing India&rsquo;s ability to detect and neutralise threats swiftly. AI-driven systems, such as autonomous combat vehicles or swarm drones, could enable precise, surgical strikes&mdash;similar to those in 2016 and 2019&mdash;while minimising escalation risks. By projecting technological dominance, India could dissuade Pakistan from provocative actions, reinforcing a deterrence-by-denial posture. Moreover, AI&rsquo;s role in cybersecurity, as demonstrated by India&rsquo;s countermeasures against Pakistani cyberattacks post-Pahalgam, could protect critical infrastructure, further solidifying India&rsquo;s strategic edge.
On the other hand, the militarisation of AI risks destabilising deterrence dynamics. Pakistan perceives India&rsquo;s AI advancements as a threat to its strategic calculus, particularly its nuclear deterrence. AI&rsquo;s ability to process vast data and target mobile nuclear assets could lower the nuclear threshold in a crisis, as Pakistan might fear a preemptive strike. The speed of AI-driven decision-making, while efficient, could also lead to miscalculations, especially in the fog of frequent LoC skirmishes. Pakistan&rsquo;s response&mdash;a mix of psychological warfare, missile tests, and cyber operations&mdash;suggests it views India&rsquo;s AI push as a challenge to the regional balance of power.
The ethical and operational risks of AI further complicate India&rsquo;s deterrence strategy. Fully autonomous weapons, or Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS), raise concerns about unintended escalations, as highlighted by former Indian Army Chief Gen. M.M. Naravane. Biases in AI algorithms, if not addressed, could lead to catastrophic errors in targeting or intelligence analysis. The absence of global regulations on military AI exacerbates these risks, leaving India and Pakistan to navigate uncharted territory without clear norms.
So, will India opt to deter Pakistan through AI-embedded warfare? The evidence suggests a cautious yes. India&rsquo;s investments indicate a strategic intent to leverage AI for conventional superiority, aiming to deter Pakistan&rsquo;s low-intensity provocations while avoiding nuclear escalation. However, India must tread carefully. Overreliance on AI could provoke Pakistan into compensatory actions, such as deeper alignment with China or accelerated nuclear modernisation, eroding strategic stability. The 2025 Pahalgam attack and subsequent tensions underscore how quickly mistrust can spiral, with both nations resorting to cyberattacks and diplomatic brinkmanship.
Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions/pakistans-smoke-and-mirrors-how-islamabads-military-propaganda-is-unravelling-and-crumbling-9030426">Pakistan&rsquo;s smoke and mirrors: How Islamabad&rsquo;s military propaganda is unravelling and crumbling</a>
To maximise deterrence while minimising risks, India should pair its AI advancements with confidence-building measures (CBMs). Bilateral AI incident reporting centres, as proposed by some analysts, could reduce misperceptions. Track-II diplomacy and dedicated communication channels for AI-related matters could foster transparency, mitigating the trust deficit that fuels escalation. India should also advocate for regional AI arms control discussions, drawing on its global diplomatic clout to set norms that constrain destabilising applications.
In the end, AI-embedded warfare offers India a powerful tool to deter Pakistan, but it is not a silver bullet. Strategic restraint, coupled with technological prowess, will determine whether India can strengthen deterrence without tipping South Asia into a new era of instability. The stakes&mdash;regional peace, nuclear stability, and human lives&mdash;could not be higher.
 (Girish Linganna, the author of this article, is an award-winning Science Writer and a Defence, Aerospace &amp; Political Analyst based in Bengaluru. He is also Director of ADD Engineering Components, India, Pvt. Ltd, a subsidiary of ADD Engineering GmbH, Germany. You can reach him at: girishlinganna@gmail.com)
(Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer.)

Opinions & Blogs: From autonomous drones to AI-powered surveillance systems along the Line of Control (LoC), India is developing tools to improve decision-making, precision warfare, and cybersecurity.

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into military systems is reshaping the global strategic landscape, and nowhere is this transformation more consequential than in South Asia, where India and Pakistan’s longstanding rivalry persists. As India accelerates its AI-driven defence modernisation, questions arise about whether this technological edge will be used to bolster deterrence against Pakistan or risk destabilising an already fragile balance. The answer lies in India’s strategic priorities, the evolving nature of warfare, and the delicate dance of deterrence in a nuclear-armed region. India’s commitment to AI in defence is unmistakable. The establishment of the Defence Artificial Intelligence Council, chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, and the Military AI Project Agency with a $13.2 million annual budget signal a robust push toward AI-enhanced capabilities. From autonomous drones to AI-powered surveillance systems along the Line of Control (LoC), India is developing tools to improve decision-making, precision warfare, and cybersecurity. The deployment of 140 AI-based surveillance systems, equipped with high-resolution cameras and radar feeds, underscores India’s focus on real-time situational awareness—a critical asset in countering Pakistan’s asymmetric tactics, such as cross-border militancy. Pakistan, while lagging in AI development, is not standing still. The National Centre for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), established in 2018, and the Pakistan Air Force’s Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Computing (CENTAIC) are advancing AI applications in electronic warfare and drone technology, such as the Burraq drone. Pakistan’s collaboration with China, a global leader in AI militarisation, further amplifies its potential to narrow the technological gap. However, resource constraints and reliance on external partners limit Pakistan’s ability to match India’s scale and pace. Also Read | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan: Pakistan’s twin crises that could spell doom in a war with India For India, AI offers a double-edged sword in its deterrence strategy. On one hand, superior AI capabilities could strengthen conventional deterrence by enhancing India’s ability to detect and neutralise threats swiftly. AI-driven systems, such as autonomous combat vehicles or swarm drones, could enable precise, surgical strikes—similar to those in 2016 and 2019—while minimising escalation risks. By projecting technological dominance, India could dissuade Pakistan from provocative actions, reinforcing a deterrence-by-denial posture. Moreover, AI’s role in cybersecurity, as demonstrated by India’s countermeasures against Pakistani cyberattacks post-Pahalgam, could protect critical infrastructure, further solidifying India’s strategic edge. On the other hand, the militarisation of AI risks destabilising deterrence dynamics. Pakistan perceives India’s AI advancements as a threat to its strategic calculus, particularly its nuclear deterrence. AI’s ability to process vast data and target mobile nuclear assets could lower the nuclear threshold in a crisis, as Pakistan might fear a preemptive strike. The speed of AI-driven decision-making, while efficient, could also lead to miscalculations, especially in the fog of frequent LoC skirmishes. Pakistan’s response—a mix of psychological warfare, missile tests, and cyber operations—suggests it views India’s AI push as a challenge to the regional balance of power. The ethical and operational risks of AI further complicate India’s deterrence strategy. Fully autonomous weapons, or Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS), raise concerns about unintended escalations, as highlighted by former Indian Army Chief Gen. M.M. Naravane. Biases in AI algorithms, if not addressed, could lead to catastrophic errors in targeting or intelligence analysis. The absence of global regulations on military AI exacerbates these risks, leaving India and Pakistan to navigate uncharted territory without clear norms. So, will India opt to deter Pakistan through AI-embedded warfare? The evidence suggests a cautious yes. India’s investments indicate a strategic intent to leverage AI for conventional superiority, aiming to deter Pakistan’s low-intensity provocations while avoiding nuclear escalation. However, India must tread carefully. Overreliance on AI could provoke Pakistan into compensatory actions, such as deeper alignment with China or accelerated nuclear modernisation, eroding strategic stability. The 2025 Pahalgam attack and subsequent tensions underscore how quickly mistrust can spiral, with both nations resorting to cyberattacks and diplomatic brinkmanship. Also Read | Pakistan’s smoke and mirrors: How Islamabad’s military propaganda is unravelling and crumbling To maximise deterrence while minimising risks, India should pair its AI advancements with confidence-building measures (CBMs). Bilateral AI incident reporting centres, as proposed by some analysts, could reduce misperceptions. Track-II diplomacy and dedicated communication channels for AI-related matters could foster transparency, mitigating the trust deficit that fuels escalation. India should also advocate for regional AI arms control discussions, drawing on its global diplomatic clout to set norms that constrain destabilising applications. In the end, AI-embedded warfare offers India a powerful tool to deter Pakistan, but it is not a silver bullet. Strategic restraint, coupled with technological prowess, will determine whether India can strengthen deterrence without tipping South Asia into a new era of instability. The stakes—regional peace, nuclear stability, and human lives—could not be higher. (Girish Linganna, the author of this article, is an award-winning Science Writer and a Defence, Aerospace & Political Analyst based in Bengaluru. He is also Director of ADD Engineering Components, India, Pvt. Ltd, a subsidiary of ADD Engineering GmbH, Germany. You can reach him at: girishlinganna@gmail.com) (Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer.)

AI-embedded warfare: Will India leverage it to deter Pakistan?

In an address at the conference titled “Historical Patterns in Indian Strategic Culture,” Army Chief General Manoj Pande on Tuesday (May 21) touched upon the significance of Indian Army's ambitious initiative - Project Udbhav.&nbsp;

This project, he said, is poised to revolutionise the military by drawing upon India’s ancient texts - Mahabharata, Vedas, Upanishads, Arthashastra, and Puranas for strategising in the future.&nbsp;

‘Udbhav’ means 'genesis' and the project was launched last year by Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh during the inauguration of the Indian Military Heritage Festival.&nbsp;

Speaking at the recent event organised by India’s oldest think-tank, the United Service Institution (USI), General Pande elaborated on the foundational principles of Project Udbhav.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/indias-aggregate-demand-grows-as-rural-spending-rebounds-rbi-724174">India's aggregate demand grows as rural spending rebounds: RBI</a>

Highlighting the rich tapestry of ancient Indian wisdom, the army chief said that the "project Udbhav was conceptualised with an idea to rediscover the profound Indian heritage of statecraft &amp; strategic thoughts derived from the ancient text of statecraft, warcraft, diplomacy &amp; introduced relevant teachings to the present day military..."

General Pande also elaborated on the extensive research undertaken as part of the project.

"The project has delved deep into ancient texts such as Vedas, Puranas, Upanishads, and Arthashastra, which are rooted in interconnectedness, righteousness, and ethical values," he said.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/indias-vp-jagdeep-dhankhar-to-pay-condolences-in-iran-for-president-raisi-foreign-minister-passing-724053">India’s VP Jagdeep Dhankhar to visit Iran, pay condolences to Ebrahim Raisi, FM at funeral</a>

"It has explored the epic battles of the Mahabharata and the strategic brilliance during the reigns of Mauryas, Guptas, and Marathas, which have shaped India’s rich military heritage."

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General Pande underscored the significance of India's 5,000-year-old civilisational legacy and said that this knowledge is of "immense value".

<h2>India's ancient texts over concepts proposed by West</h2>

Strategic affairs expert Air Marshal Anil Chopra (retd), present at the event, reportedly said,&nbsp;“For long, India has been studying warfighting concepts proposed by the West and those may not most relevant in our region and context. Our rich legacy will play a great role in guiding us and strategising for the future."&nbsp;

The unveiling of Project Udbhav last year was a crucial moment for the country's military history, as it seeks to chart a course guided by its own ancient wisdom and historical knowledge.

(With inputs from agencies)

In an address at the conference titled “Historical Patterns in Indian Strategic Culture,” Army Chief General Manoj Pande on Tuesday (May 21) touched upon the significance of Indian Army's ambitious initiative - Project Udbhav.

In an address at the conference titled “Historical Patterns in Indian Strategic Culture,” Army Chief General Manoj Pande on Tuesday (May 21) touched upon the significance of Indian Army's ambitious initiative - Project Udbhav. This project, he said, is poised to revolutionise the military by drawing upon India’s ancient texts - Mahabharata, Vedas, Upanishads, Arthashastra, and Puranas for strategising in the future. ‘Udbhav’ means 'genesis' and the project was launched last year by Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh during the inauguration of the Indian Military Heritage Festival. Speaking at the recent event organised by India’s oldest think-tank, the United Service Institution (USI), General Pande elaborated on the foundational principles of Project Udbhav. Also Read | India's aggregate demand grows as rural spending rebounds: RBI Highlighting the rich tapestry of ancient Indian wisdom, the army chief said that the "project Udbhav was conceptualised with an idea to rediscover the profound Indian heritage of statecraft & strategic thoughts derived from the ancient text of statecraft, warcraft, diplomacy & introduced relevant teachings to the present day military..." General Pande also elaborated on the extensive research undertaken as part of the project. "The project has delved deep into ancient texts such as Vedas, Puranas, Upanishads, and Arthashastra, which are rooted in interconnectedness, righteousness, and ethical values," he said. Also Read | India’s VP Jagdeep Dhankhar to visit Iran, pay condolences to Ebrahim Raisi, FM at funeral "It has explored the epic battles of the Mahabharata and the strategic brilliance during the reigns of Mauryas, Guptas, and Marathas, which have shaped India’s rich military heritage." Watch | India General Elections: Indian parties spend big on digital campaigns | India News | WION × General Pande underscored the significance of India's 5,000-year-old civilisational legacy and said that this knowledge is of "immense value". India's ancient texts over concepts proposed by West Strategic affairs expert Air Marshal Anil Chopra (retd), present at the event, reportedly said, “For long, India has been studying warfighting concepts proposed by the West and those may not most relevant in our region and context. Our rich legacy will play a great role in guiding us and strategising for the future." The unveiling of Project Udbhav last year was a crucial moment for the country's military history, as it seeks to chart a course guided by its own ancient wisdom and historical knowledge. (With inputs from agencies)

Not from West, India to harness wisdom for future military strategy from its own ancient texts

#Gravitas | A top NATO commander has warned that Russia's hybrid warfare threatens vital undersea cables and pipelines. He warned that the vast underwater infrastructure on which Europe’s power and communications depend were not built to withstand Russia's “hybrid warfare”

NATO Commander's Big Russia Warning, Says Undersea ‘Hybrid Warfare’ Threatens Security of 1 Billion

The Indian Army has raised a new modern unit. “Signals Technology Evaluation and Adaptation Group” (STEAG) is a first-of-its-kind specialised technology unit. Watch this video to know all about them.

All about the Indian Army's specialised technology unit ‘STEAG’ for future warfare

Top PLA Commander General Wang Haijiang has called for China to boost hybrid warfare in the face of "Western suppression." What is this warfare? How is China going to prepare for future conflicts? Molly Gambhir reports.

Gravitas: China to boost unconventional hybrid warfare?

With Russia's war waging on in Eastern Europe for over a year now, Taiwan has a lesson or two to learn from Ukraine.&nbsp;The island nation on Tuesday flaunted its indigenous military drones and termed them significant for "asymmetrical warfare" to take on China in case the two comes face-to-face in future.&nbsp;

Asymmetrical warfare is a term used when two rivals with different military capabilities engage in a combat and the victory in the war does not necessarily go to the side which has superior and powerful force.&nbsp;

China, every now and then, shows its teeth to Taiwan, with the most aggressive posture in recent time when then-US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi visited the island nation to show Washington's support.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/china-to-raise-retirement-age-to-tackle-ageing-population-571960">China to raise retirement age to tackle ageing population</a>

Taiwan's military-owned National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST) displayed its Albatross II surveillance drone as well as other combat drones. The drones have a capability to operate with global positioning system (GPS) satellites.

The use of drones in the Ukraine war has caught the attention of Taiwan who is now vying to proliferate the use of these relatively new tech as an ammunition in a possible future battlefield.&nbsp;In the latest during China's recently held annual meeting, the country's new foreign minister Qin Gang gave a stern warning to US saying the country must not violate the One-China policy.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-reports-third-death-from-h3n2-in-indian-state-of-gujarat-571891">India reports third death from H3N2 in Indian state of Gujarat</a>

NCSIST head Art Chang said that the institute has joined hands with the Taiwanese companies to create a "national team" to develop drones with military capabilities. Chi Li-Pin, director of Aeronautical Systems Research Division for NCSIST, is also siding with the strategy to acquire more drones to enhance the country's military coffers.&nbsp;

"I hope our national troops can familiarise themselves with this weapon of asymmetric warfare and use them boldly," Chi told media personnel at an NCSIST facility in the central city of Taichung. Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen is also pushing for making the nation ready for "asymmetric warfare".

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This week, a report by Taiwan's defence ministry noted that China is replenishing its military with drones and new flying robots. With the looming threat next door, Taiwan is now preparing itself for combat and surveillance drones, as well as anti-drone systems.&nbsp;

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With Russia's war waging on in Eastern Europe for over a year now, Taiwan has a lesson or two to learn from Ukraine. The island nation on Tuesday flaunted its indigenous military drones and termed them significant for "asymmetrical warfare" to take on China in case the two comes face-to-face in future.

With Russia's war waging on in Eastern Europe for over a year now, Taiwan has a lesson or two to learn from Ukraine. The island nation on Tuesday flaunted its indigenous military drones and termed them significant for "asymmetrical warfare" to take on China in case the two comes face-to-face in future. Asymmetrical warfare is a term used when two rivals with different military capabilities engage in a combat and the victory in the war does not necessarily go to the side which has superior and powerful force. China, every now and then, shows its teeth to Taiwan, with the most aggressive posture in recent time when then-US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi visited the island nation to show Washington's support. Also Read | China to raise retirement age to tackle ageing population Taiwan's military-owned National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST) displayed its Albatross II surveillance drone as well as other combat drones. The drones have a capability to operate with global positioning system (GPS) satellites. The use of drones in the Ukraine war has caught the attention of Taiwan who is now vying to proliferate the use of these relatively new tech as an ammunition in a possible future battlefield. In the latest during China's recently held annual meeting, the country's new foreign minister Qin Gang gave a stern warning to US saying the country must not violate the One-China policy. Also Read | India reports third death from H3N2 in Indian state of Gujarat NCSIST head Art Chang said that the institute has joined hands with the Taiwanese companies to create a "national team" to develop drones with military capabilities. Chi Li-Pin, director of Aeronautical Systems Research Division for NCSIST, is also siding with the strategy to acquire more drones to enhance the country's military coffers. "I hope our national troops can familiarise themselves with this weapon of asymmetric warfare and use them boldly," Chi told media personnel at an NCSIST facility in the central city of Taichung. Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen is also pushing for making the nation ready for "asymmetric warfare". Watch | Indonesia's new capital at the cost of environment? This week, a report by Taiwan's defence ministry noted that China is replenishing its military with drones and new flying robots. With the looming threat next door, Taiwan is now preparing itself for combat and surveillance drones, as well as anti-drone systems. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Taiwan prepping for 'asymmetrical warfare' in face of China threat

The Russia-Ukraine war has had consequences for both of these countries. Consequences of this have been felt across Europe and indeed around the world. Now, a lot of questions have come to the fore. Is the world's internet vulnerable to conventional attack? How vulnerable are internet cable networks?

Is the world's internet vulnerable to conventional attack?

The war is raging in Ukraine but the consequences of this have been felt across Europe and indeed around the world. Now, a lot of questions have come to the fore. Is the World's internet vulnerable to conventional attack? Will Russia target undersea internet cables?

Is the World's internet vulnerable to attack?

Cyber attacks were launched on Taiwan's public websites. The Taiwanese foreign affairs ministry has now said that it has been hit by at least about 170 cyber attacks per minute.

China adopts hybrid warfare against Taiwan

It is&nbsp;a ubiquitous fact that the nature of warfare is continuously evolving. While the four generations of the 'art of warfare' were barely recognized until recently, the experts have already started talking about fifth&nbsp;generation warfare or 5GW. 

Whether it is the war of Mahabharata in ancient India or the Peloponnesian and Trojan wars in the Greek world; Wars&nbsp;are an inherent part of human history. Recently, the Russia-Ukraine conflict which was limited to small areas escalated to a full-fledged war notwithstanding Russia calling it a special military operation. With this, we are witnessing the emergence of, what analysts and experts call, information and psychological battles. Amid all the chaos, it is worth analysing the evolution of warfare, and how its nature has changed up until now.&nbsp;

First-generation warfare

First-generation warfare refers to conflicts in the ancient and post-classical periods that were fought with a large number of men, utilizing line and column tactics, and under state control. 

Cavalry forces were also part of the first generation warfare, where the results mostly depended on the number of soldiers a force possessed.

Second-generation warfare

In 1989, the American military coined the term, 'Second generation warfare'&nbsp;which refers to the Early Modern strategies adopted following the introduction of the rifled musket and breech-loading weapons. It also employed the use of&nbsp;machine gun and indirect fire.&nbsp;

The number game soon became a redundant point as the army with rifles and artillery could shoot from distance and inflict much more damage to the adversary.&nbsp;

Third-generation warfare

Third-generation warfare is centred on utilising strategies from technology that rely on speed, stealth, and surprise to go beyond the enemy's lines and devastate their forces from behind. 

In essence, this marked the end of linear warfare from a tactical perspective&nbsp;where troops sought to outmanoeuvre one another rather than just engage in combat to obtain the upper hand. Aerial battles were extensively part of third-generation&nbsp;warfare.

Fourth-generation warfare

With the nation-states losing their monopoly on wars and&nbsp;battles fourth generation warfare came into being where non-state actors started playing roles in wars. The majority of people believe&nbsp;that non-state actors are terrorists. While their understanding is alright, they still can't comprehend the complete interpretation of a non-state actor.&nbsp;

It is pertinent to note that civil society and Non-Government&nbsp;Organisations (NGOs) are also considered non-state actors. In this generation of warfare, states are to collaborate to fight these non-state actors.&nbsp;Fourth-generation warfare is characterised by a 'postmodern'&nbsp;return to decentralized forms of warfare, blurring the borders between war and politics, soldiers, and civilians.

Fifth-Generation warfare

With the emergence of the Internet in the digital age, we have entered fifth Generation warfare. Fifth-generation warfare is mostly non-kinetic activity, such as social engineering, disinformation campaigns, usage of cutting-edge technologies like Information Technology and artificial intelligence to initiate cyber attacks.&nbsp;

Gray zone warfare, psychological warfare, information warfare, cyber warfare, and biological warfare are all part of fifth-generation&nbsp;warfare. Daniel Abbot described fifth-generation warfare as a struggle of 'information and perception'.

Fifth-generation warfare is distinguished by its 'omnipresent battlefield'&nbsp;and the use of a combination of kinetic and non-kinetic force rather than exclusively military power. Colonels Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui of the People's Liberation Army noted in their 1999 book 'Unrestricted Warfare' that the conventional military violence had decreased in the years following the Gulf War, which was correlated to an increase in 'political, economic, and technological violence,'&nbsp;which they argued could be more destructive than a conventional war.&nbsp;

If one has to summarise fifth-generation warfare it could be done best through Sun Tzu's quote, 'All warfare is based on deception'. 
As we enter the era of fifth-generation warfare, it is imperative to develop a strategy to counter all of these challenges with&nbsp;a government approach.

(Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer)

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It is a ubiquitous fact that the nature of warfare is continuously evolving. While the four generations of the 'art of warfare' were barely recognized until recently, the experts have already started talking about fifth generation warfare or 5GW.

It is a ubiquitous fact that the nature of warfare is continuously evolving. While the four generations of the 'art of warfare' were barely recognized until recently, the experts have already started talking about fifth generation warfare or 5GW. Whether it is the war of Mahabharata in ancient India or the Peloponnesian and Trojan wars in the Greek world; Wars are an inherent part of human history. Recently, the Russia-Ukraine conflict which was limited to small areas escalated to a full-fledged war notwithstanding Russia calling it a special military operation. With this, we are witnessing the emergence of, what analysts and experts call, information and psychological battles. Amid all the chaos, it is worth analysing the evolution of warfare, and how its nature has changed up until now. First-generation warfare First-generation warfare refers to conflicts in the ancient and post-classical periods that were fought with a large number of men, utilizing line and column tactics, and under state control. Cavalry forces were also part of the first generation warfare, where the results mostly depended on the number of soldiers a force possessed. Second-generation warfare In 1989, the American military coined the term, 'Second generation warfare' which refers to the Early Modern strategies adopted following the introduction of the rifled musket and breech-loading weapons. It also employed the use of machine gun and indirect fire. The number game soon became a redundant point as the army with rifles and artillery could shoot from distance and inflict much more damage to the adversary. Third-generation warfare Third-generation warfare is centred on utilising strategies from technology that rely on speed, stealth, and surprise to go beyond the enemy's lines and devastate their forces from behind. In essence, this marked the end of linear warfare from a tactical perspective where troops sought to outmanoeuvre one another rather than just engage in combat to obtain the upper hand. Aerial battles were extensively part of third-generation warfare. Fourth-generation warfare With the nation-states losing their monopoly on wars and battles fourth generation warfare came into being where non-state actors started playing roles in wars. The majority of people believe that non-state actors are terrorists. While their understanding is alright, they still can't comprehend the complete interpretation of a non-state actor. It is pertinent to note that civil society and Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) are also considered non-state actors. In this generation of warfare, states are to collaborate to fight these non-state actors. Fourth-generation warfare is characterised by a 'postmodern' return to decentralized forms of warfare, blurring the borders between war and politics, soldiers, and civilians. Fifth-Generation warfare With the emergence of the Internet in the digital age, we have entered fifth Generation warfare. Fifth-generation warfare is mostly non-kinetic activity, such as social engineering, disinformation campaigns, usage of cutting-edge technologies like Information Technology and artificial intelligence to initiate cyber attacks. Gray zone warfare, psychological warfare, information warfare, cyber warfare, and biological warfare are all part of fifth-generation warfare. Daniel Abbot described fifth-generation warfare as a struggle of 'information and perception'. Fifth-generation warfare is distinguished by its 'omnipresent battlefield' and the use of a combination of kinetic and non-kinetic force rather than exclusively military power. Colonels Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui of the People's Liberation Army noted in their 1999 book 'Unrestricted Warfare' that the conventional military violence had decreased in the years following the Gulf War, which was correlated to an increase in 'political, economic, and technological violence,' which they argued could be more destructive than a conventional war. If one has to summarise fifth-generation warfare it could be done best through Sun Tzu's quote, 'All warfare is based on deception'. As we enter the era of fifth-generation warfare, it is imperative to develop a strategy to counter all of these challenges with a government approach. (Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Evolution of Warfare; from first generation warfare to fifth generation warfare

The age of 'killer robots' is upon us. Several countries are relying on autonomous weapons for warfare with drones becoming a defining feature. But like any other weapon, drone technology is proving to be a double-edged sword. Palki Sharma tells you how.

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Drones are rapidly growing in popularity. They have got the imagination one an on. From communication to navigation, to hunting and killing, drones have become defining feature of modern warfare.

Drones | Killers Robots In The Air: What Are They?

The United States needs to "fight" against Chinese harmful influence in the United Nations and needs to build an alliance to investigate the source of COVID-19 as well address human rights abuses in Xinjiang, a senior US official told Congress.

"They exert enormous influence in the United Nations, and it's malign ... influence that promotes an authoritarian approach to multilateralism," US ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield told the House Foreign Affairs Committee. "We need to fight that every step of the way."

Greenfield said that the United States shied away from multilateral engagement in the last four years, as a result, Beijing and other countries have taken leadership posts at a number of inter-governmental organisations, South China Morning Post reported.

"During the last four years, the United States shied away from multilateral engagement, ceding America's historic leadership and damaging our standing with the international community," said Gregory Meeks, a Democrat from New York and the committee's chairman.

Thomas-Greenfield said Washington paying its UN dues was a first step to countering China's growing UN influence, even as Washington pushes for reforms at the 75-year organisation. Beijing has repeatedly chided Washington over its arrears.

China has moved aggressively to boost its influence at the global body, securing top positions for its nationals at the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the International Telecommunication Union and the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation as well as junior spots within the UN Secretariat.

"We are regularly engaged on the genocide issue of the Uygurs and raising that at the Security Council," she told the committee.

"I'm also appalled that we have to sit next to some of the world's worst human rights abusers, when we're sitting in the council," she added.

The United States needs to "fight" against Chinese harmful influence in the United Nations and needs to build an alliance to investigate the source of COVID-19 as well address human rights abuses in Xinjiang, a senior US official told Congress.

The United States needs to "fight" against Chinese harmful influence in the United Nations and needs to build an alliance to investigate the source of COVID-19 as well address human rights abuses in Xinjiang, a senior US official told Congress. "They exert enormous influence in the United Nations, and it's malign ... influence that promotes an authoritarian approach to multilateralism," US ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield told the House Foreign Affairs Committee. "We need to fight that every step of the way." Greenfield said that the United States shied away from multilateral engagement in the last four years, as a result, Beijing and other countries have taken leadership posts at a number of inter-governmental organisations, South China Morning Post reported. "During the last four years, the United States shied away from multilateral engagement, ceding America's historic leadership and damaging our standing with the international community," said Gregory Meeks, a Democrat from New York and the committee's chairman. Thomas-Greenfield said Washington paying its UN dues was a first step to countering China's growing UN influence, even as Washington pushes for reforms at the 75-year organisation. Beijing has repeatedly chided Washington over its arrears. China has moved aggressively to boost its influence at the global body, securing top positions for its nationals at the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the International Telecommunication Union and the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation as well as junior spots within the UN Secretariat. "We are regularly engaged on the genocide issue of the Uygurs and raising that at the Security Council," she told the committee. "I'm also appalled that we have to sit next to some of the world's worst human rights abusers, when we're sitting in the council," she added.

US needs to fight against harmful influence of China on UN: Official

Watch how Artificial Intelligence is transforming modern warfare

Inside New War Machines: A WION Wideangle special

To ensure the safety and security of the country. The soldiers face extremely harsh conditions, personnel of the army, paramilitary forces are trained in high altitudes. One such school named high altitude warfare school trains nearly about 540 soldiers in a year.

Where soldiers become snow warriors, inside India's army warfare school

The Pentagon said a test missile&nbsp;flew at hypersonic speeds -- more than five times the speed of sound, or Mach 5 -- to a designated impact point.

The test followed the first joint US Army and Navy flight experiment in October 2017, when the prototype missile demonstrated it could glide in the direction of a target at hypersonic speed.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="http://wionews.com/world/pentagon-looks-for-defence-to-putins-invincible-hypersonic-missiles-277593" hreflang="en">Pentagon looks for 'defence' to Putin's 'invincible' hypersonic missiles</a>

"Today we validated our design and are now ready to move to the next phase towards fielding a hypersonic strike capability," Vice Admiral Johnny Wolfe said in a statement.

Hypersonic weapons can take missile warfare, and particularly nuclear warfare, to a new, and for many frightening, level: they can travel much faster than current nuclear-capable ballistic and cruise missiles, at different altitudes and with the maneuverability that makes them difficult to defeat with current missile defence systems.

In December, Russia declared it had placed into service their first Avangard hypersonic missile, making it the first country to claim an operable hypersonic weapon.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="http://wionews.com/world/were-constructing-many-hypersonic-missiles-us-president-donald-trump-273112" hreflang="en">We're constructing many hypersonic missiles: US President Donald Trump</a>

Russian officials claimed that in tests it had reached speeds of up to Mach 27, roughly 33,000 kilometres (20,500 miles) per hour.

China is also investing significantly in their development. Last October it displayed its DF-17 hypersonic glide vehicle in its national day military parade.

The Pentagon said a test missile flew at hypersonic speeds -- more than five times the speed of sound, or Mach 5 -- to a designated impact point. The test followed the first joint US Army and Navy flight experiment in October 2017, when the prototype missile demonstrated it could glide in the direction of a target at hypersonic speed.

The Pentagon said a test missile flew at hypersonic speeds -- more than five times the speed of sound, or Mach 5 -- to a designated impact point. The test followed the first joint US Army and Navy flight experiment in October 2017, when the prototype missile demonstrated it could glide in the direction of a target at hypersonic speed. Also read: Pentagon looks for 'defence' to Putin's 'invincible' hypersonic missiles "Today we validated our design and are now ready to move to the next phase towards fielding a hypersonic strike capability," Vice Admiral Johnny Wolfe said in a statement. Hypersonic weapons can take missile warfare, and particularly nuclear warfare, to a new, and for many frightening, level: they can travel much faster than current nuclear-capable ballistic and cruise missiles, at different altitudes and with the maneuverability that makes them difficult to defeat with current missile defence systems. In December, Russia declared it had placed into service their first Avangard hypersonic missile, making it the first country to claim an operable hypersonic weapon. Also read: We're constructing many hypersonic missiles: US President Donald Trump Russian officials claimed that in tests it had reached speeds of up to Mach 27, roughly 33,000 kilometres (20,500 miles) per hour. China is also investing significantly in their development. Last October it displayed its DF-17 hypersonic glide vehicle in its national day military parade.

Pentagon says successfully tested hypersonic missile

How US-built MH-60 Romeo helicopters will give Indian navy combat edge

NATO foreign ministers were set on Wednesday (November 20) to make space a domain of warfare and agree to closely monitor China's growing military might in decisions that many allies say shows the alliance is not dying, as France has suggested.

NATO to adopt new strategies on space, China

Drones: The future of warfare?

Iran's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif on Monday accused the United States of impending aid efforts after the authorities ordered the immediate evacuation of <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/iran-evacuates-flood-threatened-villages-after-heavy-rains-kill-dozens-206805">flood-stricken cities in western Iran</a>.

''Trump's 'maximum pressure'—flouting UNSC Res 2231 &amp; ICJ ruling—is impeding aid efforts by #IranianRedCrescent to all communities devastated by unprecedented floods. Blocked equipment includes relief choppers: This isn't just economic warfare; it's economic TERRORISM,'' Zarif tweeted.

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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en">
.<a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@realDonaldTrump</a> ‘s "maximum pressure"—flouting UNSC Res 2231 &amp; ICJ ruling—is impeding aid efforts by <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/IranianRedCrescent?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#IranianRedCrescent</a> to all communities devastated by unprecedented floods. Blocked equipment includes relief choppers: This isn't just economic warfare; it's economic TERRORISM. <a href="https://t.co/EEKTMiXLEi">pic.twitter.com/EEKTMiXLEi</a>
— Javad Zarif (@JZarif) <a href="https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1112792501872672770?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 1, 2019</a></blockquote>
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At least 45 people were killed last week in flash floods in northern and southern Iran. Forecasters have predicted more heavy rains in the days ahead.

The government ordered an evacuation on Saturday for around 11 villages lying near the Dez and Karkheh rivers in the oil-rich southwestern province of Khuzestan.

The authorities declared a "situation red", the highest level of alert, in Lorestan province with four or five cities "completely critical", state television news network IRINN reported from Khorramabad, the region's capital.

Iran's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif on Monday accused the United States of impending aid efforts after the authorities ordered the immediate evacuation of flood-stricken cities in western Iran.

Iran's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif on Monday accused the United States of impending aid efforts after the authorities ordered the immediate evacuation of flood-stricken cities in western Iran. ''Trump's 'maximum pressure'—flouting UNSC Res 2231 & ICJ ruling—is impeding aid efforts by #IranianRedCrescent to all communities devastated by unprecedented floods. Blocked equipment includes relief choppers: This isn't just economic warfare; it's economic TERRORISM,'' Zarif tweeted. .@realDonaldTrump ‘s "maximum pressure"—flouting UNSC Res 2231 & ICJ ruling—is impeding aid efforts by #IranianRedCrescent to all communities devastated by unprecedented floods. Blocked equipment includes relief choppers: This isn't just economic warfare; it's economic TERRORISM. pic.twitter.com/EEKTMiXLEi — Javad Zarif (@JZarif) April 1, 2019 × At least 45 people were killed last week in flash floods in northern and southern Iran. Forecasters have predicted more heavy rains in the days ahead. The government ordered an evacuation on Saturday for around 11 villages lying near the Dez and Karkheh rivers in the oil-rich southwestern province of Khuzestan. The authorities declared a "situation red", the highest level of alert, in Lorestan province with four or five cities "completely critical", state television news network IRINN reported from Khorramabad, the region's capital.

Iran's foreign minister accuses US of impending aid efforts, calls it 'economic warfare'

Pakistan's strategy of sub-conventional warfare has failed: Husain Haqqani at WION Global Summit

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