By Rasheed Alameer

I was amongst those who were in denial about the possible murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi in the kingdom’s consulate in Istanbul earlier this month. It was not because I think the Saudi regime is not capable of murder, but because it would be a bad decision to invite a critic into the country’s diplomatic mission in order to murder him. Also, if I am being honest, I did not want to believe it.

Nevertheless, our worst fears have been confirmed, and we have to accept what happened. On October 17, The Washington Post published Khashoggi’s last column which it had received from his translator a few days after his disappearance. In what were to be his last words, Jamal, as if prescient that this could be his final public statement, was reflecting on the dire state of freedom of expression in the Arab world and its impact on our lives. The fight for freedom, including freedom of expression, is one of the common causes we, Saudi dissidents and critics, stand united in.

Picking up from where Jamal Khashoggi left off, the Arab world needs to be informed. In other words, all we need is freedom of expression, for it is the way of disseminating and sharing of knowledge and information. In his touching last words, Khashoggi emphasized the need to provide a platform for Arab voices to be heard. It is absolutely true that at the core of the problems that we face in the Arab world is the fact that citizens are uninformed, or misinformed. Take, for example, the misinformation campaign that surrounded the Qatar crisis. This is relevant on so many levels and explains most of the development issues we have, and why we are still either developing or undeveloped nations.

Across the Arab world, people are being suffocated, and we have had enough of our regimes’ oppression. We are devoid of the right to freely express and share our opinions, let alone the right to participate in governing our own affairs. When the Arab Spring broke in 2010-11, we were full of hope that a wave of change was finally coming our way. But as the world witnessed, this wave was either kept at bay (Egypt, Yemen), or put down with brutal crackdowns (Syria, Bahrain). Tunisia was the only success story. The Arab Spring and the revolutions it produced are one way in which change could happen within the political systems across the Middle East. The other way is a slow, guided and deliberate transformation.

For this transformation to happen, an essential element is to have informed participants, for in an ideal world, a true and just democracy that we all dream of is hinged on the inclusion of all citizens in the political process. However, this is not relevant for the current state of politics across the region where, democratically speaking, the standard falls below absolute zero. What is relevant is the importance of having informed citizens as a precursor to change. When most of the citizens are misinformed and controlled through the government narrative, it is easy for the dictator to control, and keep controlling, the population. For example, just a day after its launch in 2015, the Bahraini authorities have ordered the shutting down of Al Arab TV channel, then under Khashoggi’s management. The reason for censorship was an interview with a figure from Bahrain’s Shia opposition.

A stark example of this approach is also found in the way the Saudi media has covered the disappearance and presumed murder of Khashoggi before finally admitting he was killed inside the consulate. The whole narrative revolved around a conspiracy theory in which the state of Qatar and Khashoggi’s fiancée were to blame. The story went that the journalist had disappeared after he left the consulate and was kidnapped by Qatar in order to initiate a diplomatic rift and a conflict between Turkey and Saudi Arabia. You couldn’t see any other version of events in the Saudi media. Even columnists and writers capitalized on this tragedy — or, more precisely, crime — to defend and praise the crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), who is largely believed to have been involved in the murder plot. Because of this, the Saudis did (and do) genuinely believe that MBS is innocent, and that the government is under an unjust attack.

So, if a government manages to misinform its public about what happened to Khashoggi so easily, even though the prevalent counternarrative is much stronger and supported by evidence and logic, imagine how easy it is to misinform the public on other matters.

However, we, the change-makers — dissidents and activists — believe that we can counter this brutal attack on the access to information thanks to the internet, using Twitter and other information-sharing platforms to spread the counternarrative that governments try to block. These are also platforms to freely voice our opinions and takes on public affairs (for lack of alternative forums like parliament). Outlets like Al Jazeera also fill this gap. The Qatari news network has revolutionized news coverage in the Arab region. It is today the number one source for a holistic coverage of events in the Arab world and beyond and a source of reliable information. As such, it constitutes an existential threat to regimes like that of the House of Saud, and that is why it comes under attack by Riyadh and Abu Dhabi.

Jamal Khashoggi’s last words are wisdom. His sound analysis is a reflection of a deep insight into the problem and the solution. We all share his position and we will work to attain our rights starting by freedom of expression. 
 
(Rasheed Alameer is a political dissident and activist from Saudi Arabia)

(This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the <a href="https://www.fairobserver.com/region/middle_east_north_africa/freedom-of-expression-arab-world-jamal-khashoggi-news-65431/">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

&nbsp;

By Rasheed Alameer I was amongst those who were in denial about the possible murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi in the kingdom’s consulate in Istanbul earlier this month.

By Rasheed Alameer I was amongst those who were in denial about the possible murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi in the kingdom’s consulate in Istanbul earlier this month. It was not because I think the Saudi regime is not capable of murder, but because it would be a bad decision to invite a critic into the country’s diplomatic mission in order to murder him. Also, if I am being honest, I did not want to believe it. Nevertheless, our worst fears have been confirmed, and we have to accept what happened. On October 17, The Washington Post published Khashoggi’s last column which it had received from his translator a few days after his disappearance. In what were to be his last words, Jamal, as if prescient that this could be his final public statement, was reflecting on the dire state of freedom of expression in the Arab world and its impact on our lives. The fight for freedom, including freedom of expression, is one of the common causes we, Saudi dissidents and critics, stand united in. Picking up from where Jamal Khashoggi left off, the Arab world needs to be informed. In other words, all we need is freedom of expression, for it is the way of disseminating and sharing of knowledge and information. In his touching last words, Khashoggi emphasized the need to provide a platform for Arab voices to be heard. It is absolutely true that at the core of the problems that we face in the Arab world is the fact that citizens are uninformed, or misinformed. Take, for example, the misinformation campaign that surrounded the Qatar crisis. This is relevant on so many levels and explains most of the development issues we have, and why we are still either developing or undeveloped nations. Across the Arab world, people are being suffocated, and we have had enough of our regimes’ oppression. We are devoid of the right to freely express and share our opinions, let alone the right to participate in governing our own affairs. When the Arab Spring broke in 2010-11, we were full of hope that a wave of change was finally coming our way. But as the world witnessed, this wave was either kept at bay (Egypt, Yemen), or put down with brutal crackdowns (Syria, Bahrain). Tunisia was the only success story. The Arab Spring and the revolutions it produced are one way in which change could happen within the political systems across the Middle East. The other way is a slow, guided and deliberate transformation. For this transformation to happen, an essential element is to have informed participants, for in an ideal world, a true and just democracy that we all dream of is hinged on the inclusion of all citizens in the political process. However, this is not relevant for the current state of politics across the region where, democratically speaking, the standard falls below absolute zero. What is relevant is the importance of having informed citizens as a precursor to change. When most of the citizens are misinformed and controlled through the government narrative, it is easy for the dictator to control, and keep controlling, the population. For example, just a day after its launch in 2015, the Bahraini authorities have ordered the shutting down of Al Arab TV channel, then under Khashoggi’s management. The reason for censorship was an interview with a figure from Bahrain’s Shia opposition. A stark example of this approach is also found in the way the Saudi media has covered the disappearance and presumed murder of Khashoggi before finally admitting he was killed inside the consulate. The whole narrative revolved around a conspiracy theory in which the state of Qatar and Khashoggi’s fiancée were to blame. The story went that the journalist had disappeared after he left the consulate and was kidnapped by Qatar in order to initiate a diplomatic rift and a conflict between Turkey and Saudi Arabia. You couldn’t see any other version of events in the Saudi media. Even columnists and writers capitalized on this tragedy — or, more precisely, crime — to defend and praise the crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), who is largely believed to have been involved in the murder plot. Because of this, the Saudis did (and do) genuinely believe that MBS is innocent, and that the government is under an unjust attack. So, if a government manages to misinform its public about what happened to Khashoggi so easily, even though the prevalent counternarrative is much stronger and supported by evidence and logic, imagine how easy it is to misinform the public on other matters. However, we, the change-makers — dissidents and activists — believe that we can counter this brutal attack on the access to information thanks to the internet, using Twitter and other information-sharing platforms to spread the counternarrative that governments try to block. These are also platforms to freely voice our opinions and takes on public affairs (for lack of alternative forums like parliament). Outlets like Al Jazeera also fill this gap. The Qatari news network has revolutionized news coverage in the Arab region. It is today the number one source for a holistic coverage of events in the Arab world and beyond and a source of reliable information. As such, it constitutes an existential threat to regimes like that of the House of Saud, and that is why it comes under attack by Riyadh and Abu Dhabi. Jamal Khashoggi’s last words are wisdom. His sound analysis is a reflection of a deep insight into the problem and the solution. We all share his position and we will work to attain our rights starting by freedom of expression. (Rasheed Alameer is a political dissident and activist from Saudi Arabia) (This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Continuing Jamal Khashoggi’s fight for free expression in the Arab world

Iran's parliament approved a government economic reshuffle on Saturday, days before new US&nbsp;sanctions on Tehran's oil exports take effect, after President Hassan Rouhani said Washington was isolated among its allies in its confrontation with Iran.

"It does not happen often that the US&nbsp;makes a decision and its traditional allies abandon it," Rouhani told parliament before the vote to approve the new appointments.

Academic Farhad Dejpasand, widely seen as a technocrat, received a vote of confidence by a wide margin as the new minister of economics and finance.

The reshuffle, approved in a parliamentary session carried live on state TV, also brought in new industry, labour and roads ministers.

Washington reintroduced sanctions against Iran’s currency trade, metals and auto sectors in August after it pulled out from a multinational 2015 deal that lifted sanctions in return for limits on Iran’s nuclear programme.

European countries have criticised the United States for withdrawing from the accord and have been putting together a package of economic measures to help offset the impact of US&nbsp;pressures on Tehran's economy.

Diplomats told Reuters that a new European Union mechanism to facilitate payments for Iranian exports should be legally in place by Nov. 4, when the next phase of US&nbsp;sanctions targeting Iran's vital oil exports take effect, although it will not be operational until early next year.

"Our main enemy, America, faces us with a drawn sword and we have to fight it and we have to unite. Regardless of factions ... we are all part of the Iranian nation," Rouhani said earlier, urging MPs to vote for his proposed ministers.

"Part of our economic problems has to do with the (high) rate of exchange of hard currencies, but our foreign exchange reserves are better than in any of the past five years," he said, without giving figures.

The cabinet changes come as the government faces intense pressure over the economic instability mostly caused by the US&nbsp;sanctions.

The economy has markedly deteriorated in the past year, suffering rising inflation and unemployment, a 70 per cent fall in the value of the rial currency so far this year and state corruption.

"A year ago no one would have believed ... that Europe would stand with Iran and against America," Rouhani said.

"Russia, China, India, the European Union, and some African and Latin American countries are our friends. We have to work with them and attract investments," he added.

Mohammad Shariatmadari, the outgoing industries minister, was approved to head the Labour, Cooperatives and Social Affairs Ministry.

Parliament also approved the appointment of Mohammad Eslami to head the Urban Development and Roads Ministry, while Reza Rahmani, who previously headed a parliamentary commission on mining and industry, became the new industry, mines and trade minister.

Iran's parliament approved a government economic reshuffle on Saturday, days before new US sanctions on Tehran's oil exports take effect, after President Hassan Rouhani said Washington was isolated among its allies in its confrontation with Iran.

Iran's parliament approved a government economic reshuffle on Saturday, days before new US sanctions on Tehran's oil exports take effect, after President Hassan Rouhani said Washington was isolated among its allies in its confrontation with Iran. "It does not happen often that the US makes a decision and its traditional allies abandon it," Rouhani told parliament before the vote to approve the new appointments. Academic Farhad Dejpasand, widely seen as a technocrat, received a vote of confidence by a wide margin as the new minister of economics and finance. The reshuffle, approved in a parliamentary session carried live on state TV, also brought in new industry, labour and roads ministers. Washington reintroduced sanctions against Iran’s currency trade, metals and auto sectors in August after it pulled out from a multinational 2015 deal that lifted sanctions in return for limits on Iran’s nuclear programme. European countries have criticised the United States for withdrawing from the accord and have been putting together a package of economic measures to help offset the impact of US pressures on Tehran's economy. Diplomats told Reuters that a new European Union mechanism to facilitate payments for Iranian exports should be legally in place by Nov. 4, when the next phase of US sanctions targeting Iran's vital oil exports take effect, although it will not be operational until early next year. "Our main enemy, America, faces us with a drawn sword and we have to fight it and we have to unite. Regardless of factions ... we are all part of the Iranian nation," Rouhani said earlier, urging MPs to vote for his proposed ministers. "Part of our economic problems has to do with the (high) rate of exchange of hard currencies, but our foreign exchange reserves are better than in any of the past five years," he said, without giving figures. The cabinet changes come as the government faces intense pressure over the economic instability mostly caused by the US sanctions. The economy has markedly deteriorated in the past year, suffering rising inflation and unemployment, a 70 per cent fall in the value of the rial currency so far this year and state corruption. "A year ago no one would have believed ... that Europe would stand with Iran and against America," Rouhani said. "Russia, China, India, the European Union, and some African and Latin American countries are our friends. We have to work with them and attract investments," he added. Mohammad Shariatmadari, the outgoing industries minister, was approved to head the Labour, Cooperatives and Social Affairs Ministry. Parliament also approved the appointment of Mohammad Eslami to head the Urban Development and Roads Ministry, while Reza Rahmani, who previously headed a parliamentary commission on mining and industry, became the new industry, mines and trade minister.

Rouhani reshuffles economic team, says US isolated against Iran

Gunman Robert Bowers only needed 20 minutes to sow terror at the Tree of Life synagogue in the US city of Pittsburgh, where congregants had gathered peacefully for Shabbat services marking a day of rest.

Shortly before 10 am (1400 GMT) the 46-year-old Bowers -- who had penned virulent anti-Semitic messages on social networks -- burst into the synagogue armed with an assault rifle and three handguns.

Stephen Weiss, a member of the congregation who was inside the building, told the Tribune-Review newspaper he heard dozens of shots coming from the front lobby.

"We had services going on in the chapel when we heard a loud noise in the lobby area," he said. "I recognized it as gunshots."

Like any other Saturday, people from three different congregations were scattered throughout rooms in the building, located in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood that is historically the heart of Jewish life in greater Pittsburgh.

Bowers entered a room where a baby-naming ceremony was taking place. He rained bullets, killing 11 people, all of them adults.

As he attempted to leave the synagogue, he found himself face-to-face with a uniformed officer calling for reinforcement.

He barricaded himself on the building's third floor and was taken into custody after a shootout with police.

Twenty minutes after his first shot, Bowers surrendered to officers. He was hospitalized with multiple injuries but authorities said he was in "fine" condition.

Ben Opie, 55, lives in front of the synagogue and told journalists his wife was heading out for a volunteer shift when police demanded she stay inside.

Two hours later, Opie's voice was still trembling.

"It's just," he said before pausing. "Sorry, it's shaking me more than usual."

Gunman Robert Bowers only needed 20 minutes to sow terror at the Tree of Life synagogue in the US city of Pittsburgh, where congregants had gathered peacefully for Shabbat services marking a day of rest.

Gunman Robert Bowers only needed 20 minutes to sow terror at the Tree of Life synagogue in the US city of Pittsburgh, where congregants had gathered peacefully for Shabbat services marking a day of rest. Shortly before 10 am (1400 GMT) the 46-year-old Bowers -- who had penned virulent anti-Semitic messages on social networks -- burst into the synagogue armed with an assault rifle and three handguns. Stephen Weiss, a member of the congregation who was inside the building, told the Tribune-Review newspaper he heard dozens of shots coming from the front lobby. "We had services going on in the chapel when we heard a loud noise in the lobby area," he said. "I recognized it as gunshots." Like any other Saturday, people from three different congregations were scattered throughout rooms in the building, located in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood that is historically the heart of Jewish life in greater Pittsburgh. Bowers entered a room where a baby-naming ceremony was taking place. He rained bullets, killing 11 people, all of them adults. As he attempted to leave the synagogue, he found himself face-to-face with a uniformed officer calling for reinforcement. He barricaded himself on the building's third floor and was taken into custody after a shootout with police. Twenty minutes after his first shot, Bowers surrendered to officers. He was hospitalized with multiple injuries but authorities said he was in "fine" condition. Ben Opie, 55, lives in front of the synagogue and told journalists his wife was heading out for a volunteer shift when police demanded she stay inside. Two hours later, Opie's voice was still trembling. "It's just," he said before pausing. "Sorry, it's shaking me more than usual."

US synagogue attacked: Twenty minutes of terror

A heavily armed gunman opened fire during a baby-naming ceremony at a synagogue in the US city of Pittsburgh on Saturday, killing 11 people and injuring six in the deadliest anti-Semitic attack in recent American history.

The shooter — identified as a 46-year-old local resident named Robert Bowers — reportedly yelled "All Jews must die" as he burst into the Tree of Life synagogue, where dozens of congregants were gathered in the morning for Sabbath services.&nbsp;

Taken into custody after a firefight with police, the suspect was transferred to hospital and is to face hate crime and other federal charges that can carry the death penalty.

Striking an unusually sombre tone, <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/donald-trump-shows-support-for-arming-teachers-to-prevent-school-shootings-33655">President Donald Trump</a> denounced "a wicked act of mass murder," while his daughter Ivanka, a convert to Judaism, declared: "America is stronger than the acts of a depraved bigot and anti-Semite."&nbsp;

"This evil Anti-Semitic attack is an assault on all of us," Trump told supporters at an election rally in Illinois where he began by addressing the attack at length — drawing loud cheers as he vowed to fully enforce the death penalty for such crimes.&nbsp;

"We must stand with our Jewish brothers and sisters to defeat anti-Semitism and vanquish the forces of hate."

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...This evil Anti-Semitic attack is an assault on humanity. It will take all of us working together to extract the poison of Anti-Semitism from our world. We must unite to conquer hate.
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&nbsp;Trump said he would soon travel to the stricken Pennsylvania city where hundreds of residents gathered late Saturday for a candlelit vigil.

Stephen Weiss, a 60-year-old member of the congregation, described hearing dozens of shots coming from the synagogue's front lobby.

"We had services going on in the chapel when we heard a loud noise," he told the Tribune-Review newspaper. "I recognized it as gunshots."

Authorities said Bowers was armed with an assault rifle and at least three handguns when he launched his attack shortly before 10:00 am (1400 GMT) — leaving a scene described as "horrific" by Wendell Hissrich, Pittsburgh's public safety director.

"One of the worst that I've seen. I've been on plane crashes," said Hissrich, who confirmed that 11 people were killed, and six injured — not including the gunman. No children were among the casualties.&nbsp;

'Our hearts break'&nbsp;

The Pittsburgh attack comes with the United States witnessing a sharp spike in anti-Semitic incidents, having surged 57 percent from 2016 to 2017, to 1,986 from 1,267, according to the Anti-Defamation League, a civil rights group which has tracked anti-Semitism in the United States since the 1970s.

The ADL said it believes the Pittsburgh shooting to be the deadliest such attack in US history.

"Our hearts break for the victims, their families, and the entire Jewish community," said the group's head Jonathan Greenblatt.&nbsp;

Bowers, who the FBI said was not previously known to law enforcement, appeared to be the author of a rash of anti-Semitic online posts, notably on the Gab.com website, where conspiracy theories are common.

A quote atop the Bowers page said "jews are the children of satan," according to screenshots of the now-suspended account released by the SITE Intelligence Group, which monitors extremist movements.

Saturday's attack also comes at a time of heightened national tensions — a day after a Trump fan from Florida was arrested for mailing explosive devices to a series of Democratic figures, setting the country on edge ahead of close-fought elections on November 6.

Trump — who has been accused of fueling hate with divisive rhetoric — briefly considered scrapping his Illinois campaign rally on Saturday, but finally decided to maintain it.

"We can't let evil change our lives," he said— although he later promised to change his "tone" in light of the attack.

We all have to stand up'&nbsp;

The attack drew swift condemnation and messages of solidarity from world leaders, with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declaring himself "heartbroken and appalled."

"We stand together with the American people in the face of this horrendous anti-Semitic brutality," Netanyahu said in a video message.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel slammed an act of "blind anti-Semitic hatred," saying: "We all have to stand up against anti-Semitism, everywhere."

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres likewise called for a united front "to roll back the forces of racism, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia and other&nbsp;forms of hatred, bigotry, discrimination and xenophobia gaining strength in&nbsp;many parts of the world."

French President Emmanuel Macron "strongly condemned" the attack while Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau offered solidarity with the victims.

The Tree of Life Synagogue, whose congregation was founded more than 150 years ago, is located in the Squirrel Hill neighbourhood that is historically the heart of Jewish life in greater Pittsburgh.

A study last from Brandeis University found that more than 80 per cent of neighbourhood residents said they were concerned about rising anti-Semitism.

A heavily armed gunman opened fire during a baby-naming ceremony at a synagogue in the US city of Pittsburgh on Saturday, killing 11 people and injuring six in the deadliest anti-Semitic attack in recent American history.

A heavily armed gunman opened fire during a baby-naming ceremony at a synagogue in the US city of Pittsburgh on Saturday, killing 11 people and injuring six in the deadliest anti-Semitic attack in recent American history. The shooter — identified as a 46-year-old local resident named Robert Bowers — reportedly yelled "All Jews must die" as he burst into the Tree of Life synagogue, where dozens of congregants were gathered in the morning for Sabbath services. Taken into custody after a firefight with police, the suspect was transferred to hospital and is to face hate crime and other federal charges that can carry the death penalty. Striking an unusually sombre tone, President Donald Trump denounced "a wicked act of mass murder," while his daughter Ivanka, a convert to Judaism, declared: "America is stronger than the acts of a depraved bigot and anti-Semite." "This evil Anti-Semitic attack is an assault on all of us," Trump told supporters at an election rally in Illinois where he began by addressing the attack at length — drawing loud cheers as he vowed to fully enforce the death penalty for such crimes. "We must stand with our Jewish brothers and sisters to defeat anti-Semitism and vanquish the forces of hate." ...This evil Anti-Semitic attack is an assault on humanity. It will take all of us working together to extract the poison of Anti-Semitism from our world. We must unite to conquer hate. — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) October 27, 2018 × Trump said he would soon travel to the stricken Pennsylvania city where hundreds of residents gathered late Saturday for a candlelit vigil. Stephen Weiss, a 60-year-old member of the congregation, described hearing dozens of shots coming from the synagogue's front lobby. "We had services going on in the chapel when we heard a loud noise," he told the Tribune-Review newspaper. "I recognized it as gunshots." Authorities said Bowers was armed with an assault rifle and at least three handguns when he launched his attack shortly before 10:00 am (1400 GMT) — leaving a scene described as "horrific" by Wendell Hissrich, Pittsburgh's public safety director. "One of the worst that I've seen. I've been on plane crashes," said Hissrich, who confirmed that 11 people were killed, and six injured — not including the gunman. No children were among the casualties. 'Our hearts break' The Pittsburgh attack comes with the United States witnessing a sharp spike in anti-Semitic incidents, having surged 57 percent from 2016 to 2017, to 1,986 from 1,267, according to the Anti-Defamation League, a civil rights group which has tracked anti-Semitism in the United States since the 1970s. The ADL said it believes the Pittsburgh shooting to be the deadliest such attack in US history. "Our hearts break for the victims, their families, and the entire Jewish community," said the group's head Jonathan Greenblatt. Bowers, who the FBI said was not previously known to law enforcement, appeared to be the author of a rash of anti-Semitic online posts, notably on the Gab.com website, where conspiracy theories are common. A quote atop the Bowers page said "jews are the children of satan," according to screenshots of the now-suspended account released by the SITE Intelligence Group, which monitors extremist movements. Saturday's attack also comes at a time of heightened national tensions — a day after a Trump fan from Florida was arrested for mailing explosive devices to a series of Democratic figures, setting the country on edge ahead of close-fought elections on November 6. Trump — who has been accused of fueling hate with divisive rhetoric — briefly considered scrapping his Illinois campaign rally on Saturday, but finally decided to maintain it. "We can't let evil change our lives," he said— although he later promised to change his "tone" in light of the attack. We all have to stand up' The attack drew swift condemnation and messages of solidarity from world leaders, with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declaring himself "heartbroken and appalled." "We stand together with the American people in the face of this horrendous anti-Semitic brutality," Netanyahu said in a video message. German Chancellor Angela Merkel slammed an act of "blind anti-Semitic hatred," saying: "We all have to stand up against anti-Semitism, everywhere." UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres likewise called for a united front "to roll back the forces of racism, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia and other forms of hatred, bigotry, discrimination and xenophobia gaining strength in many parts of the world." French President Emmanuel Macron "strongly condemned" the attack while Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau offered solidarity with the victims. The Tree of Life Synagogue, whose congregation was founded more than 150 years ago, is located in the Squirrel Hill neighbourhood that is historically the heart of Jewish life in greater Pittsburgh. A study last from Brandeis University found that more than 80 per cent of neighbourhood residents said they were concerned about rising anti-Semitism.

US: 11 dead after heavily-armed gunman attacks synagogue

The shooter in Saturday's <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/synagogue-gunman-kills-11-in-americas-worst-anti-semitic-attack-173906">deadly shooting at a Pittsburgh synagogue</a>, identified by officials as local resident Robert Bowers, is to face federal charges that carry the death penalty.

Here is what is known so far about the suspect, who reportedly yelled "All Jews must die!" as he launched his attack, killing 11 people and wounding six more.

The suspect is in "fair condition" with multiple gunshot wounds, and is being treated at Allegheny General Hospital, according to Pittsburgh's public safety director.

Bowers, reportedly 46 years old, appears to have no past criminal record, and a Federal Bureau of Investigation official said he was not previously known to law enforcement.

Bob Jones, special agent in charge of the FBI's Pittsburgh office, said law enforcement authorities believe he was acting alone but had not identified his full motive.

Bowers has a license to carry a firearm and has made at least six firearm purchases since 1996, CNN reported, quoting a law enforcement official.

Authorities said Bowers was armed with an assault rifle and at least three handguns when he burst into the Tree of Life synagogue.

The Department of Justice said it will file hate crime and other criminal charges against Bowers, who could face the death penalty.

Bowers appears to be the author of a recent rash of violently anti-Semitic posts on social media, notably on the Gab.com social networking website, where conspiracy theories — like a discredited report linking Hillary Clinton to paedophiles — are common.

'I'm going in'

A quote atop the Bowers page said "jews are the children of satan," according to screenshots of the now-suspended account released by the SITE Intelligence Group, which monitors extremist movements.

Bowers posted on Gab just hours before the shooting: "HIAS likes to bring invaders in that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in."

HIAS is the acronym for the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society with offices in New York and Maryland.

And another missive posted 17 days before Saturday's attack accused HIAS of bringing "in hostile invaders to dwell among us" -- and appeared to threaten one of the organization's projects.

"We appreciate the list of friends you have provided," the poster wrote, while linking to an event page for a "National Refugee Shabbat."

HIAS called the attack a "horrifying tragedy," saying "this loss is our loss."

In another post reported by The New York Times Bowers said he did not care for President Donald Trump, because he "is a globalist, not a nationalist."&nbsp;

Using a slur for Jews, he said, "There is no #MAGA, as long as there is a k--- infestation." MAGA refers to Trump's Make America Great Again slogan.

Gab, a popular site with white nationalists and members of the so-called alt-right, released a statement saying it had "zero tolerance" for violence or terrorism and was "saddened and disgusted by the news" from Pittsburgh.

Gab said in a post that after learning of the attack, it had matched the name of the alleged shooter to the holder of its account.&nbsp;

It then took down the Bowers account and immediately contacted the FBI, adding, "We will do everything in our power to work with law enforcement to see that justice is served."

The shooter in Saturday's deadly shooting at a Pittsburgh synagogue, identified by officials as local resident Robert Bowers, is to face federal charges that carry the death penalty.

The shooter in Saturday's deadly shooting at a Pittsburgh synagogue, identified by officials as local resident Robert Bowers, is to face federal charges that carry the death penalty. Here is what is known so far about the suspect, who reportedly yelled "All Jews must die!" as he launched his attack, killing 11 people and wounding six more. The suspect is in "fair condition" with multiple gunshot wounds, and is being treated at Allegheny General Hospital, according to Pittsburgh's public safety director. Bowers, reportedly 46 years old, appears to have no past criminal record, and a Federal Bureau of Investigation official said he was not previously known to law enforcement. Bob Jones, special agent in charge of the FBI's Pittsburgh office, said law enforcement authorities believe he was acting alone but had not identified his full motive. Bowers has a license to carry a firearm and has made at least six firearm purchases since 1996, CNN reported, quoting a law enforcement official. Authorities said Bowers was armed with an assault rifle and at least three handguns when he burst into the Tree of Life synagogue. The Department of Justice said it will file hate crime and other criminal charges against Bowers, who could face the death penalty. Bowers appears to be the author of a recent rash of violently anti-Semitic posts on social media, notably on the Gab.com social networking website, where conspiracy theories — like a discredited report linking Hillary Clinton to paedophiles — are common. 'I'm going in' A quote atop the Bowers page said "jews are the children of satan," according to screenshots of the now-suspended account released by the SITE Intelligence Group, which monitors extremist movements. Bowers posted on Gab just hours before the shooting: "HIAS likes to bring invaders in that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in." HIAS is the acronym for the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society with offices in New York and Maryland. And another missive posted 17 days before Saturday's attack accused HIAS of bringing "in hostile invaders to dwell among us" -- and appeared to threaten one of the organization's projects. "We appreciate the list of friends you have provided," the poster wrote, while linking to an event page for a "National Refugee Shabbat." HIAS called the attack a "horrifying tragedy," saying "this loss is our loss." In another post reported by The New York Times Bowers said he did not care for President Donald Trump, because he "is a globalist, not a nationalist." Using a slur for Jews, he said, "There is no #MAGA, as long as there is a k--- infestation." MAGA refers to Trump's Make America Great Again slogan. Gab, a popular site with white nationalists and members of the so-called alt-right, released a statement saying it had "zero tolerance" for violence or terrorism and was "saddened and disgusted by the news" from Pittsburgh. Gab said in a post that after learning of the attack, it had matched the name of the alleged shooter to the holder of its account. It then took down the Bowers account and immediately contacted the FBI, adding, "We will do everything in our power to work with law enforcement to see that justice is served."

'All Jews must die!' US synagogue attacker reportedly shouted

Mexico City dedicated its Day of the Dead parade on Saturday to migrants, just as thousands of Central Americans were trekking from the country’s southern border toward the United States under pressure from US&nbsp;President Donald Trump to disband.

In an a twist on the traditional dancing skeletons and marigold-adorned altars making their way down the capital’s main thoroughfare, the parade also referenced Mexicans who emigrated as well as foreigners who settled in the capital.

“The parade... is dedicated to migrants, who in their transit to other countries have lost their lives, and who in their passing through the country have contributed to a true ‘Refuge City,’” the Mexico City government said on Twitter.

In one segment, gray metallic panels representing the Mexico side of the US&nbsp;border wall were stenciled with the phrase, “There are also dreams on this side.”

Other presentations honored exiled Spaniards, Argentineans and Jews, Mexico City’s culture ministry said.

The event ahead of November&nbsp;1 and 2, when Mexicans observe Day of the Dead in town squares, homes and cemeteries, coincided by chance with the journey of a migrant caravan traveling into Mexico, many fleeing violence and poverty in Honduras and Guatemala.

Some plan to seek asylum in Mexico. Others intend to reach the United States, angering Trump who has threatened to close the border and cut aid to Central American nations.

The caravan arrived in the southern state of Oaxaca on Saturday and may reach Mexico City as soon as next Friday. City officials will make four shelters available to house the group, according to local media.

Their arrival may prompt tension, said Johan Rivera, 36, a parade spectator.

“It’s delicate... There are lots of things to think through and analyze,” he said.

The parade, which included dancers portraying Monarch butterflies, famous for their long migratory routes, ended at a massive altar decorated with skeleton figures that local officials dedicated to migrants who have died.

“Mexico has always, traditionally, been a country of crossings,” said Mariana Villalobos, 33, at the parade. “It has a long tradition in accommodating migrants as well as refugees. And the current political situation... shows this is something very much alive.”

Mexico City dedicated its Day of the Dead parade on Saturday to migrants, just as thousands of Central Americans were trekking from the country’s southern border toward the United States under pressure from US President Donald Trump to disband.

Mexico City dedicated its Day of the Dead parade on Saturday to migrants, just as thousands of Central Americans were trekking from the country’s southern border toward the United States under pressure from US President Donald Trump to disband. In an a twist on the traditional dancing skeletons and marigold-adorned altars making their way down the capital’s main thoroughfare, the parade also referenced Mexicans who emigrated as well as foreigners who settled in the capital. “The parade... is dedicated to migrants, who in their transit to other countries have lost their lives, and who in their passing through the country have contributed to a true ‘Refuge City,’” the Mexico City government said on Twitter. In one segment, gray metallic panels representing the Mexico side of the US border wall were stenciled with the phrase, “There are also dreams on this side.” Other presentations honored exiled Spaniards, Argentineans and Jews, Mexico City’s culture ministry said. The event ahead of November 1 and 2, when Mexicans observe Day of the Dead in town squares, homes and cemeteries, coincided by chance with the journey of a migrant caravan traveling into Mexico, many fleeing violence and poverty in Honduras and Guatemala. Some plan to seek asylum in Mexico. Others intend to reach the United States, angering Trump who has threatened to close the border and cut aid to Central American nations. The caravan arrived in the southern state of Oaxaca on Saturday and may reach Mexico City as soon as next Friday. City officials will make four shelters available to house the group, according to local media. Their arrival may prompt tension, said Johan Rivera, 36, a parade spectator. “It’s delicate... There are lots of things to think through and analyze,” he said. The parade, which included dancers portraying Monarch butterflies, famous for their long migratory routes, ended at a massive altar decorated with skeleton figures that local officials dedicated to migrants who have died. “Mexico has always, traditionally, been a country of crossings,” said Mariana Villalobos, 33, at the parade. “It has a long tradition in accommodating migrants as well as refugees. And the current political situation... shows this is something very much alive.”

Mexico honors migrants at Day of the Dead as caravan treks north

The United States urged political parties in Sri Lanka on Friday to abide by the Constitution and refrain from violence, as the latter country faces a constitutional crisis after its <a href="http://www.wionews.com/south-asia/sri-lanka-crisis-deepens-as-ranil-wickremesinghe-resists-sacking-173745">president ousted the prime minister</a>.

Controversial Sri Lankan strongman Mahinda Rajapaksa staged a dramatic political comeback on Friday, becoming the new prime minister after President Maithripala Sirisena sacked premier Ranil Wickremesinghe who termed the move as "unconstitutional" and vowed to prove his majority in Parliament.

In its first reaction to the unfolding situation in Sri Lanka, the US State Department said it is following the development in the island nation.

"We call on all parties to act in accordance with SL's Constitution, refrain from violence, and follow due process," the State Department said in a tweet.

"We expect gov of SL to uphold its Geneva commitments to human rights, reform, accountability, justice, and reconciliation," the South and Central Asia Bureau of the State Department said.

The move that took the island nation by surprise came amid growing tensions between Sirisena and Wickremesinghe on several policy matters even as the President remained critical of the Prime Minister and his policies, especially on economy and security.

Reacting sharply to his sacking, Wickremesinghe asserted that the swearing-in of Rajapaksa is "illegal and unconstitutional" and he will prove his majority in Parliament.&nbsp;

The United States urged political parties in Sri Lanka on Friday to abide by the Constitution and refrain from violence, as the latter country faces a constitutional crisis after its president ousted the prime minister.

The United States urged political parties in Sri Lanka on Friday to abide by the Constitution and refrain from violence, as the latter country faces a constitutional crisis after its president ousted the prime minister. Controversial Sri Lankan strongman Mahinda Rajapaksa staged a dramatic political comeback on Friday, becoming the new prime minister after President Maithripala Sirisena sacked premier Ranil Wickremesinghe who termed the move as "unconstitutional" and vowed to prove his majority in Parliament. In its first reaction to the unfolding situation in Sri Lanka, the US State Department said it is following the development in the island nation. "We call on all parties to act in accordance with SL's Constitution, refrain from violence, and follow due process," the State Department said in a tweet. "We expect gov of SL to uphold its Geneva commitments to human rights, reform, accountability, justice, and reconciliation," the South and Central Asia Bureau of the State Department said. The move that took the island nation by surprise came amid growing tensions between Sirisena and Wickremesinghe on several policy matters even as the President remained critical of the Prime Minister and his policies, especially on economy and security. Reacting sharply to his sacking, Wickremesinghe asserted that the swearing-in of Rajapaksa is "illegal and unconstitutional" and he will prove his majority in Parliament.

Follow Constitution, US tells Sri Lanka after PM Ranil Wickremesinghe is sacked

&nbsp;The White House has formally invited President Vladimir Putin to Washington, U.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton said on Friday, returning to an idea that was put on hold in July amid anger in the US&nbsp;over the prospect of such a summit.

President Donald Trump held a summit with Putin in Helsinki, the Finnish capital, and then issued Putin an invitation to visit Washington in the autumn. But that was postponed after Trump was accused of cozying up to the Kremlin.

"We have invited President Putin to Washington," Bolton said at a news conference during a visit to ex-Soviet Georgia, days after meeting Putin and senior security officials in Moscow.

It was not immediately clear if Putin had accepted the invitation, which is for next year.

Bolton, in a separate interview with Reuters, strongly criticised Russian foreign policy, saying Moscow's behaviour on the world stage was one of the reasons Washington had imposed sanctions on Russia and was now considering imposing more.

"It will be helpful if they (the Russians) stop interfering in our election ... get out of Crimea and the Donbass in Ukraine ... stop using illegal chemical weapons to conduct assassination attempts against Russian exiles in the West, and if they would be less intrusive in the Middle East," he said.

Russia denies meddling in the 2016 US&nbsp;presidential election, sending soldiers and equipment to eastern Ukraine, and has rejected Western allegations it was behind the poisoning of former Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter in Britain.

Putin last held a meeting with a US&nbsp;president on American soil in 2015 when he met Barack Obama on the sidelines of a UN&nbsp;General Assembly.

Trump's earlier invitation to Putin sparked an outcry in Washington, including from lawmakers in Trump's Republican party, who argued that Putin was an adversary not worthy of a White House visit.

Trump has said it is in US&nbsp;interests to establish a solid working relationship with Putin however.

Trump and Putin plan to hold a bilateral meeting in Paris on Nov. 11 on the sidelines of events to commemorate the centenary of the end of World War One.

Bolton said that the Paris meeting would be brief and more of "a base-touching exercise."

"One of the most important subjects they will discuss is whether President Putin will accept President Trump's invitation to come to Washington or will President Putin once again extend his invitation to President Trump to go to Moscow," said Bolton.

"I think what President Trump would like would be more of an opportunity to discuss the issues at length and we'll have to see when it gets on the schedule."

The White House has formally invited President Vladimir Putin to Washington, U.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton said on Friday, returning to an idea that was put on hold in July amid anger in the US over the prospect of such a summit.

The White House has formally invited President Vladimir Putin to Washington, U.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton said on Friday, returning to an idea that was put on hold in July amid anger in the US over the prospect of such a summit. President Donald Trump held a summit with Putin in Helsinki, the Finnish capital, and then issued Putin an invitation to visit Washington in the autumn. But that was postponed after Trump was accused of cozying up to the Kremlin. "We have invited President Putin to Washington," Bolton said at a news conference during a visit to ex-Soviet Georgia, days after meeting Putin and senior security officials in Moscow. It was not immediately clear if Putin had accepted the invitation, which is for next year. Bolton, in a separate interview with Reuters, strongly criticised Russian foreign policy, saying Moscow's behaviour on the world stage was one of the reasons Washington had imposed sanctions on Russia and was now considering imposing more. "It will be helpful if they (the Russians) stop interfering in our election ... get out of Crimea and the Donbass in Ukraine ... stop using illegal chemical weapons to conduct assassination attempts against Russian exiles in the West, and if they would be less intrusive in the Middle East," he said. Russia denies meddling in the 2016 US presidential election, sending soldiers and equipment to eastern Ukraine, and has rejected Western allegations it was behind the poisoning of former Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter in Britain. Putin last held a meeting with a US president on American soil in 2015 when he met Barack Obama on the sidelines of a UN General Assembly. Trump's earlier invitation to Putin sparked an outcry in Washington, including from lawmakers in Trump's Republican party, who argued that Putin was an adversary not worthy of a White House visit. Trump has said it is in US interests to establish a solid working relationship with Putin however. Trump and Putin plan to hold a bilateral meeting in Paris on Nov. 11 on the sidelines of events to commemorate the centenary of the end of World War One. Bolton said that the Paris meeting would be brief and more of "a base-touching exercise." "One of the most important subjects they will discuss is whether President Putin will accept President Trump's invitation to come to Washington or will President Putin once again extend his invitation to President Trump to go to Moscow," said Bolton. "I think what President Trump would like would be more of an opportunity to discuss the issues at length and we'll have to see when it gets on the schedule."

US invites Putin to Washington, but says get out of Ukraine

President Donald Trump accused the US&nbsp;news media on Friday of using reporting on the suspect in least 14 bombs sent to some of his prominent critics to score political points against him.

Hours after a Trump supporter, Cesar Sayoc, was arrested in Florida in the bomb case, Trump told a political rally in Charlotte, North Carolina, that political violence must never be tolerated.

"I will do all I can to stop it," he said.

But any major attempt to heal political divisions was quickly set aside as Trump renewed attacks on his usual targets: the news media and his Democratic opponents.

"We have seen an effort by the media in recent hours to use the sinister actions of one individual to score political points against me and the Republican Party," Trump said.

Trump appeared to be commenting on cable news blanket coverage of the bomb case and how the people targeted are frequently criticized by the president.

Trump was in Charlotte campaigning for Republican candidates ahead of the hotly contested November&nbsp;6 US&nbsp;congressional elections, with Republicans are trying to hang on to control of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Some in the crowd on Friday quickly chimed in with a cry that is a familiar one at Trump's political rallies: "CNN sucks."

Trump paused while the CNN chant continued, then added: "And they do have a major role to play as far as tone. The media's constant unfair coverage ... and negative attacks only serve to drive people apart and to undermine healthy debate."

When Trump criticized Democrats, the crowd chanted "lock her up," a refrain from the Republican president's 2016 campaign when he called Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton "Crooked Hillary." Trump again referred to Clinton as "Crooked Hillary" on Friday night when he listed Democrats who supposedly had supported building a wall on the US&nbsp;border with Mexico.

Clinton was the target of one of the bombs sent this week, which was intercepted during a routine off-site mail screening.

"They're gonna be reporting about you tonight," Trump told the crowd in North Carolina.

Trump said Republicans did not try to seek political gain over the Democrats when a supporter of democratic socialist Bernie Sanders opened fire on congressional Republicans at a baseball field last year and severely wounded Representative Steve Scalise.

"We did not use that heinous attempt at mass murder for political gain because that would have been wrong. ... Nor do we blame the Democrat party every time radical leftists seize and destroy public property and unleash violence and mayhem," he said.

Trump made similar comments on Thursday, blaming the news media for stirring up anger and hateful political rhetoric as two more suspicious packages were discovered. In a post on Twitter he referred to "purposely false and inaccurate reporting of the Mainstream Media."

Trump hinted earlier on Friday in a tweet that the news media's coverage of the bomb case was taking attention away from the midterm elections at a time when Republicans may be hitting their stride.

"Republicans all over the country, we're hot," Trump said in Charlotte. "We're hot and I don't think they’re going to cool us off. They try so hard. But I don't think that's going to happen."

President Donald Trump accused the US news media on Friday of using reporting on the suspect in least 14 bombs sent to some of his prominent critics to score political points against him.

President Donald Trump accused the US news media on Friday of using reporting on the suspect in least 14 bombs sent to some of his prominent critics to score political points against him. Hours after a Trump supporter, Cesar Sayoc, was arrested in Florida in the bomb case, Trump told a political rally in Charlotte, North Carolina, that political violence must never be tolerated. "I will do all I can to stop it," he said. But any major attempt to heal political divisions was quickly set aside as Trump renewed attacks on his usual targets: the news media and his Democratic opponents. "We have seen an effort by the media in recent hours to use the sinister actions of one individual to score political points against me and the Republican Party," Trump said. Trump appeared to be commenting on cable news blanket coverage of the bomb case and how the people targeted are frequently criticized by the president. Trump was in Charlotte campaigning for Republican candidates ahead of the hotly contested November 6 US congressional elections, with Republicans are trying to hang on to control of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Some in the crowd on Friday quickly chimed in with a cry that is a familiar one at Trump's political rallies: "CNN sucks." Trump paused while the CNN chant continued, then added: "And they do have a major role to play as far as tone. The media's constant unfair coverage ... and negative attacks only serve to drive people apart and to undermine healthy debate." When Trump criticized Democrats, the crowd chanted "lock her up," a refrain from the Republican president's 2016 campaign when he called Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton "Crooked Hillary." Trump again referred to Clinton as "Crooked Hillary" on Friday night when he listed Democrats who supposedly had supported building a wall on the US border with Mexico. Clinton was the target of one of the bombs sent this week, which was intercepted during a routine off-site mail screening. "They're gonna be reporting about you tonight," Trump told the crowd in North Carolina. Trump said Republicans did not try to seek political gain over the Democrats when a supporter of democratic socialist Bernie Sanders opened fire on congressional Republicans at a baseball field last year and severely wounded Representative Steve Scalise. "We did not use that heinous attempt at mass murder for political gain because that would have been wrong. ... Nor do we blame the Democrat party every time radical leftists seize and destroy public property and unleash violence and mayhem," he said. Trump made similar comments on Thursday, blaming the news media for stirring up anger and hateful political rhetoric as two more suspicious packages were discovered. In a post on Twitter he referred to "purposely false and inaccurate reporting of the Mainstream Media." Trump hinted earlier on Friday in a tweet that the news media's coverage of the bomb case was taking attention away from the midterm elections at a time when Republicans may be hitting their stride. "Republicans all over the country, we're hot," Trump said in Charlotte. "We're hot and I don't think they’re going to cool us off. They try so hard. But I don't think that's going to happen."

Trump says media using bomb case to score political points against him

The rupee weakened by 17 paise to 73.44 against the US dollar in early trade Friday, amid increased demand of the American currencies from importers and sustained foreign fund outflows.

Traders said the US dollar's strength against some currencies overseas and a lower opening in the domestic equity markets also weighed on the local unit.

On Thursday, the local currency had depreciated by 11 paise to close at 73.27 against the US dollar due to steady capital outflows and sharp decline in domestic equities amid intensifying geopolitical tensions.

Meanwhile, on a net basis, foreign funds sold shares worth Rs 1,495.71 crore, while domestic institutional investors bought shares to the tune of Rs 339.60 crore Thursday, provisional data showed.

The benchmark BSE Sensex fell 157.17 points, or 0.47 per cent to 33,532.92 in early trade Friday.

The rupee weakened by 17 paise to 73.44 against the US dollar in early trade Friday, amid increased demand of the American currencies from importers and sustained foreign fund outflows.

The rupee weakened by 17 paise to 73.44 against the US dollar in early trade Friday, amid increased demand of the American currencies from importers and sustained foreign fund outflows. Traders said the US dollar's strength against some currencies overseas and a lower opening in the domestic equity markets also weighed on the local unit. On Thursday, the local currency had depreciated by 11 paise to close at 73.27 against the US dollar due to steady capital outflows and sharp decline in domestic equities amid intensifying geopolitical tensions. Meanwhile, on a net basis, foreign funds sold shares worth Rs 1,495.71 crore, while domestic institutional investors bought shares to the tune of Rs 339.60 crore Thursday, provisional data showed. The benchmark BSE Sensex fell 157.17 points, or 0.47 per cent to 33,532.92 in early trade Friday.

Rupee falls 17 paise to 73.44 against US dollar in early trade

US President Donald Trump on Thursday signed a presidential memorandum directing the Commerce Department to develop a long-term comprehensive national spectrum strategy to prepare for the introduction of next-generation 5G wireless networks.

Trump is also creating a White House Spectrum Strategy Task Force and wants federal agencies to report on government spectrum needs and review how spectrum can be shared with private sector users.

The memorandum requires a series of reports over the next nine months and looking at ways and existing efforts on increasing spectrum and sharing existing spectrum. A long-term strategy is due by July.

The goal is to ensure th ere is enough spectrum to handle the growing amount of internet and wireless traffic and that future faster 5G networks have adequate spectrum.

The White House also said Trump is withdrawing presidential memorandums on spectrum signed by then-President Barack Obama in 2010 and 2013.&nbsp;

AT&amp;T Inc , Verizon Communications Inc , Sprint Corp and T-Mobile US Inc are working to acquire spectrum and beginning to develop and test 5G networks, which are expected to be at least 100 times faster than current 4G networks and cut latency, or delays, to less than one-thousandth of a second from one-hundredth of a second in 4G, the Federal Communications Commission has said.

Wireless industry trade group CTIA praised the administration for "recognising the importance of establishing a national spectrum strategy. With the right approach based on licensed wireless spectrum, America’s wireless carriers will invest hundreds of billions of dollars and create millions of jobs."

White House officials said they do not support any effort to nationalize the 5G network. A leaked document in January suggested the administration was considering the idea.&nbsp;

"We will prioritize efforts to accelerate the private sector’s development of 5G, so that the American people can reap the rewards of this incredible technology," White House adviser Michael Kratsios told reporters on Thursday.

Democratic Federal Communications Commissioner (FCC) Jessica Rosenworcel questioned the length of the time for the reports. "Other nations are moving ahead while we’re headed to study hall - and in the interim we’re slapping big tariffs on 5G networks. This doesn`t speed our 5G leadership - it slows us down," she said.

One big issue is a band of spectrum reserved for automakers to enable vehicles to "talk" to one another that has gone largely unused. Cable companies and others want the FCC to award part or all of that to expand Wi-Fi.

On Tuesday, the FCC voted to open additional spectrum for use by unlicensed devices in the 6 GHz band, or five times the current spectrum available.

Unlicensed devices include things such as Wi-Fi routers, connected home appliances, baby monitors, fitness trackers, garage door openers and cordless landline phones.

US President Donald Trump on Thursday signed a presidential memorandum directing the Commerce Department to develop a long-term comprehensive national spectrum strategy to prepare for the introduction of next-generation 5G wireless networks.

US President Donald Trump on Thursday signed a presidential memorandum directing the Commerce Department to develop a long-term comprehensive national spectrum strategy to prepare for the introduction of next-generation 5G wireless networks. Trump is also creating a White House Spectrum Strategy Task Force and wants federal agencies to report on government spectrum needs and review how spectrum can be shared with private sector users. The memorandum requires a series of reports over the next nine months and looking at ways and existing efforts on increasing spectrum and sharing existing spectrum. A long-term strategy is due by July. The goal is to ensure th ere is enough spectrum to handle the growing amount of internet and wireless traffic and that future faster 5G networks have adequate spectrum. The White House also said Trump is withdrawing presidential memorandums on spectrum signed by then-President Barack Obama in 2010 and 2013. AT&T Inc , Verizon Communications Inc , Sprint Corp and T-Mobile US Inc are working to acquire spectrum and beginning to develop and test 5G networks, which are expected to be at least 100 times faster than current 4G networks and cut latency, or delays, to less than one-thousandth of a second from one-hundredth of a second in 4G, the Federal Communications Commission has said. Wireless industry trade group CTIA praised the administration for "recognising the importance of establishing a national spectrum strategy. With the right approach based on licensed wireless spectrum, America’s wireless carriers will invest hundreds of billions of dollars and create millions of jobs." White House officials said they do not support any effort to nationalize the 5G network. A leaked document in January suggested the administration was considering the idea. "We will prioritize efforts to accelerate the private sector’s development of 5G, so that the American people can reap the rewards of this incredible technology," White House adviser Michael Kratsios told reporters on Thursday. Democratic Federal Communications Commissioner (FCC) Jessica Rosenworcel questioned the length of the time for the reports. "Other nations are moving ahead while we’re headed to study hall - and in the interim we’re slapping big tariffs on 5G networks. This doesn`t speed our 5G leadership - it slows us down," she said. One big issue is a band of spectrum reserved for automakers to enable vehicles to "talk" to one another that has gone largely unused. Cable companies and others want the FCC to award part or all of that to expand Wi-Fi. On Tuesday, the FCC voted to open additional spectrum for use by unlicensed devices in the 6 GHz band, or five times the current spectrum available. Unlicensed devices include things such as Wi-Fi routers, connected home appliances, baby monitors, fitness trackers, garage door openers and cordless landline phones.

Trump signs order to set US spectrum strategy as 5G race looms

Investigators believe that the design and instructions for<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/package-bombs-sent-to-trump-critics-lead-investigators-to-florida-report-173486"> building the bombs</a> sent to several critics of US&nbsp;President Donald Trump this week were taken from the internet, a federal law enforcement official told Reuters on Thursday.

The instructions for such devices are widely available on websites and in propaganda distributed by Islamic militant groups including Al Qaeda and ISIS, said the official and a former federal government bomb expert.

The federal official also said the designs could have been lifted from "The Anarchist Cookbook," a notorious bomb and hacker manual dating to the early 1970s.

There was no claim of responsibility for the spate bombs, none of which exploded.&nbsp;

Meanwhile,&nbsp;Washington, DC, news radio station WMAL said on Thursday it had received a suspicious package and its building has been evacuated.

Authorities are investigating 10 pipe bombs sent to high-profile Democrats and critics of US&nbsp;President Donald Trump with the focus on leads in Florida, a federal law enforcement source said.

Former Vice President Joe Biden on Thursday (October 25) said he hopes that the recent spate of mailed pipe bombs, is a wake up call that "We have to begin to put this country back together again."

He said, "This division, this hatred, is ugliness. It has to end. Words matter."

Investigators believe that the design and instructions for building the bombs sent to several critics of US President Donald Trump this week were taken from the internet, a federal law enforcement official told Reuters on Thursday.

Investigators believe that the design and instructions for building the bombs sent to several critics of US President Donald Trump this week were taken from the internet, a federal law enforcement official told Reuters on Thursday. The instructions for such devices are widely available on websites and in propaganda distributed by Islamic militant groups including Al Qaeda and ISIS, said the official and a former federal government bomb expert. The federal official also said the designs could have been lifted from "The Anarchist Cookbook," a notorious bomb and hacker manual dating to the early 1970s. There was no claim of responsibility for the spate bombs, none of which exploded. Meanwhile, Washington, DC, news radio station WMAL said on Thursday it had received a suspicious package and its building has been evacuated. Authorities are investigating 10 pipe bombs sent to high-profile Democrats and critics of US President Donald Trump with the focus on leads in Florida, a federal law enforcement source said. Former Vice President Joe Biden on Thursday (October 25) said he hopes that the recent spate of mailed pipe bombs, is a wake up call that "We have to begin to put this country back together again." He said, "This division, this hatred, is ugliness. It has to end. Words matter."

Design of bombs targeting Trump critics came from Internet: Source

A top Taliban commander held in Pakistani detention for more than eight years has been freed, sources said Thursday, in an apparent move to aid tentative talks between the United States and the militant group.

The release of Abdul Ghani Baradar -- the former right-hand man of Taliban founder Mullah Omar, who died in 2013 -- came less than two weeks after US envoy Zalmay Khalilzad met with the group's representatives in Qatar to discuss ending the Afghan conflict.

Baradar was among several senior Taliban leaders freed this week, after the Taliban demanded their release in direct talks with Khalilzad on October 12, a senior Taliban leader told AFP on the condition of anonymity.

"We believe that they were released at the US's request," the leader said.

He said Baradar would likely stay in Pakistan and shuttle between the Taliban's Doha office, Kabul and Islamabad.

"It was important for confidence building and all three will participate in the next round of talks with the US in Qatar," he added.

Baradar was the most high-profile Afghan Taliban leader detained by Pakistan since the 9/11 attacks in 2001.

He was arrested in the southern port city of Karachi in 2010, reportedly in an operation that was described as a huge blow to the militant group, which ruled

Afghanistan from 1996-2001 when it was toppled by a US-led invasion.

It was not clear what role, if any, he would play in peace talks.

"Baradar was freed yesterday afternoon and he joined his family," Afghan Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid told AFP in a WhatsApp message. 
A Pakistani intelligence official also said Baradar was "released a couple of days ago".

Baradar's release comes after the recent election of Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, who has long advocated talks with the Taliban and other Islamist insurgents in the region to bring an end to years of fighting.

Pakistan's Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi earlier this month also pledged to support negotiations with the Taliban as the country lobbies the United States to restore military aid.

The United States has long pressed Pakistan to crack down on the Taliban and other militant groups, which Washington says have safe havens in Pakistan's border areas and links to its shadowy military establishment -- charges Islamabad has repeatedly denied.

Khalilzad met with Taliban representatives in Doha as part of a regional trip designed to coordinate efforts to convince the group to negotiate an end to the war.

A top Taliban commander held in Pakistani detention for more than eight years has been freed, sources said Thursday, in an apparent move to aid tentative talks between the United States and the militant group.

A top Taliban commander held in Pakistani detention for more than eight years has been freed, sources said Thursday, in an apparent move to aid tentative talks between the United States and the militant group. The release of Abdul Ghani Baradar -- the former right-hand man of Taliban founder Mullah Omar, who died in 2013 -- came less than two weeks after US envoy Zalmay Khalilzad met with the group's representatives in Qatar to discuss ending the Afghan conflict. Baradar was among several senior Taliban leaders freed this week, after the Taliban demanded their release in direct talks with Khalilzad on October 12, a senior Taliban leader told AFP on the condition of anonymity. "We believe that they were released at the US's request," the leader said. He said Baradar would likely stay in Pakistan and shuttle between the Taliban's Doha office, Kabul and Islamabad. "It was important for confidence building and all three will participate in the next round of talks with the US in Qatar," he added. Baradar was the most high-profile Afghan Taliban leader detained by Pakistan since the 9/11 attacks in 2001. He was arrested in the southern port city of Karachi in 2010, reportedly in an operation that was described as a huge blow to the militant group, which ruled Afghanistan from 1996-2001 when it was toppled by a US-led invasion. It was not clear what role, if any, he would play in peace talks. "Baradar was freed yesterday afternoon and he joined his family," Afghan Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid told AFP in a WhatsApp message. A Pakistani intelligence official also said Baradar was "released a couple of days ago". Baradar's release comes after the recent election of Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, who has long advocated talks with the Taliban and other Islamist insurgents in the region to bring an end to years of fighting. Pakistan's Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi earlier this month also pledged to support negotiations with the Taliban as the country lobbies the United States to restore military aid. The United States has long pressed Pakistan to crack down on the Taliban and other militant groups, which Washington says have safe havens in Pakistan's border areas and links to its shadowy military establishment -- charges Islamabad has repeatedly denied. Khalilzad met with Taliban representatives in Doha as part of a regional trip designed to coordinate efforts to convince the group to negotiate an end to the war.

Pakistan frees Taliban leader after US talks with terrorists

Russia's state security agency is opposing a high-level deal for the US. OneWeb satellite startup to bring Internet access to remote parts of the country because it says the project could be used to gather intelligence and damage national security.

OneWeb, which plans to use a constellation of hundreds of satellites to provide a worldwide Internet network, struck a deal with Russian space agency Roscosmos in 2015 to send them into orbit and it clinched a joint venture with a subsidiary of the agency to service Russia.

But now, after objections from Moscow, OneWeb is relinquishing its majority stake in the venture, according to two industry sources and a Russian state procurement document.

Speaking at a conference in Moscow, Federal Security Service official Vladimir Sadovnikov said the FSB was against the project servicing Russia for security reasons since it could potentially hand a foreign Internet service provider a monopoly over rural and remote areas.

"Some of Russia's regions would become totally dependent on a foreign satellite service," Sadovnikov said, adding that Moscow had not received any conclusive evidence that OneWeb's satellites would not be used for intelligence gathering.

"The only way to address the threats of foreign satellite networks like OneWeb, especially in the Arctic region and Far North, is to restrict their usage in Russia," Sadovnikov said.

He added that Russia favoured setting up a similar network partnering with India, China and countries which he described as non-aggressive.

Moscow's ties with the West are at a post-Cold War low following Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea and rows over sanctions, Syria, alleged election meddling and a poisoning attack on a former spy in Britain.

Sadovnikov conceded that there were satellite projects similar to OneWeb in scale such as Iridium which were already in use, but they were not used widely and are therefore not seen as a threat.

Roscosmos and Oleg Ivanov, Russia's deputy minister for digital development and communications, declined to comment.

Russian Control

Late on Wednesday, OneWeb issued a statement to Reuters confirming that its joint venture with the Roscosmos subsidiary would be majority Russian owned and operated locally.

The OneWeb system "is designed to fully respect the regulatory and cultural requirements of its many partner countries", the statement said.

The company said it recognised that security was of paramount concern to every country in which OneWeb will operate. It said its system would ensure all Internet traffic remained secure. It said the OneWeb system would begin launching early next year.

Almost 45 per cent of the world population does not have access to the Internet, according to Internet World Stats. OneWeb aims to make it available to everyone, including on aircraft and other high-speed transport. The project is meant to be fully online by 2027.

Russia is important to the success of the project as it has many remote and far-flung areas where high-speed broadband is not available.

OneWeb was founded by former Google manager Greg Wyler and closed an $1.7 billion investment deal with Airbus Group, Bharti, Coca-Cola, Hughes, Virgin Group, Qualcomm and SoftBank.

It plans to create a network of 900 satellites, most of which will be sent into orbit by 21 Soyuz launch vehicles from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and the Guiana Space Center.

The contract for the launch was signed by OneWeb, Arianspace and Roscosmos in 2015. It will cost OneWeb $1 billion to have the satellites sent into orbit, Igor Komarov, Roscosmos' former CEO, said after signing the deal.

The first launch was scheduled for late 2017, but the company has pushed the date back several times. The launch is now scheduled for between December 2018 and February 2019, according to Wyler.

In 2017, OneWeb strengthened its partnership with Roscosmos by creating a joint venture with satellite operator Gonets, a subsidiary of Roscosmos, to develop the project in Russia. OneWeb currently holds a 60 per cent stake and Gonets has the rest.

However, Gonets now intends to increase its stake to 51 per cent and is looking for a contractor to estimate the cost of the deal, a document submitted by Gonets in the Russian state procurement system showed.

Gonets is a state company and is therefore required to publish details of all procurement orders in line with Russia's anti-corruption legislation.

Two industry sources - one at the FSB, and the other an official at the Ministry for Digital Development and Communication - confirmed to Reuters that Gonets would become a controlling stakeholder in the joint venture with OneWeb.

This is a key condition for OneWeb operating in Russia, although there are other conditions as well, the source at the FSB said without detailing what those other conditions were.

"OneWeb is an important project for Roscosmos and Russia's space industry, but national security issues come first. There are many doubts regarding that project, especially because of the sanctions against us," said the source at the FSB.

OneWeb submitted a request to receive a frequency band in Russia, but was refused by authorities, according to Russian media reports confirmed by a communications official. A source at the Ministry for Digital Development and Communications said OneWeb would be given permission after legal issues regarding the joint venture were completed.

Russia's state security agency is opposing a high-level deal for the US. OneWeb satellite startup to bring Internet access to remote parts of the country because it says the project could be used to gather intelligence and damage national security.

Russia's state security agency is opposing a high-level deal for the US. OneWeb satellite startup to bring Internet access to remote parts of the country because it says the project could be used to gather intelligence and damage national security. OneWeb, which plans to use a constellation of hundreds of satellites to provide a worldwide Internet network, struck a deal with Russian space agency Roscosmos in 2015 to send them into orbit and it clinched a joint venture with a subsidiary of the agency to service Russia. But now, after objections from Moscow, OneWeb is relinquishing its majority stake in the venture, according to two industry sources and a Russian state procurement document. Speaking at a conference in Moscow, Federal Security Service official Vladimir Sadovnikov said the FSB was against the project servicing Russia for security reasons since it could potentially hand a foreign Internet service provider a monopoly over rural and remote areas. "Some of Russia's regions would become totally dependent on a foreign satellite service," Sadovnikov said, adding that Moscow had not received any conclusive evidence that OneWeb's satellites would not be used for intelligence gathering. "The only way to address the threats of foreign satellite networks like OneWeb, especially in the Arctic region and Far North, is to restrict their usage in Russia," Sadovnikov said. He added that Russia favoured setting up a similar network partnering with India, China and countries which he described as non-aggressive. Moscow's ties with the West are at a post-Cold War low following Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea and rows over sanctions, Syria, alleged election meddling and a poisoning attack on a former spy in Britain. Sadovnikov conceded that there were satellite projects similar to OneWeb in scale such as Iridium which were already in use, but they were not used widely and are therefore not seen as a threat. Roscosmos and Oleg Ivanov, Russia's deputy minister for digital development and communications, declined to comment. Russian Control Late on Wednesday, OneWeb issued a statement to Reuters confirming that its joint venture with the Roscosmos subsidiary would be majority Russian owned and operated locally. The OneWeb system "is designed to fully respect the regulatory and cultural requirements of its many partner countries", the statement said. The company said it recognised that security was of paramount concern to every country in which OneWeb will operate. It said its system would ensure all Internet traffic remained secure. It said the OneWeb system would begin launching early next year. Almost 45 per cent of the world population does not have access to the Internet, according to Internet World Stats. OneWeb aims to make it available to everyone, including on aircraft and other high-speed transport. The project is meant to be fully online by 2027. Russia is important to the success of the project as it has many remote and far-flung areas where high-speed broadband is not available. OneWeb was founded by former Google manager Greg Wyler and closed an $1.7 billion investment deal with Airbus Group, Bharti, Coca-Cola, Hughes, Virgin Group, Qualcomm and SoftBank. It plans to create a network of 900 satellites, most of which will be sent into orbit by 21 Soyuz launch vehicles from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and the Guiana Space Center. The contract for the launch was signed by OneWeb, Arianspace and Roscosmos in 2015. It will cost OneWeb $1 billion to have the satellites sent into orbit, Igor Komarov, Roscosmos' former CEO, said after signing the deal. The first launch was scheduled for late 2017, but the company has pushed the date back several times. The launch is now scheduled for between December 2018 and February 2019, according to Wyler. In 2017, OneWeb strengthened its partnership with Roscosmos by creating a joint venture with satellite operator Gonets, a subsidiary of Roscosmos, to develop the project in Russia. OneWeb currently holds a 60 per cent stake and Gonets has the rest. However, Gonets now intends to increase its stake to 51 per cent and is looking for a contractor to estimate the cost of the deal, a document submitted by Gonets in the Russian state procurement system showed. Gonets is a state company and is therefore required to publish details of all procurement orders in line with Russia's anti-corruption legislation. Two industry sources - one at the FSB, and the other an official at the Ministry for Digital Development and Communication - confirmed to Reuters that Gonets would become a controlling stakeholder in the joint venture with OneWeb. This is a key condition for OneWeb operating in Russia, although there are other conditions as well, the source at the FSB said without detailing what those other conditions were. "OneWeb is an important project for Roscosmos and Russia's space industry, but national security issues come first. There are many doubts regarding that project, especially because of the sanctions against us," said the source at the FSB. OneWeb submitted a request to receive a frequency band in Russia, but was refused by authorities, according to Russian media reports confirmed by a communications official. A source at the Ministry for Digital Development and Communications said OneWeb would be given permission after legal issues regarding the joint venture were completed.

Russia opposes US OneWeb satellite service, cites security concerns

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/americas/suspicious-package-also-sent-to-california-democratic-representative-maxine-waters-confirms-fbi-173278">Suspicious</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/americas/suspicious-package-also-sent-to-california-democratic-representative-maxine-waters-confirms-fbi-173278"> package also sent to California Democratic Representative Maxine Waters, confirms FBI</a>

America's Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) confirmed today that California Democratic Representative Maxine Waters also received a suspicious package after several Democratic leaders including Hillary Clinton, ex-US president Barack Obama, Eric Holder, the attorney general under Obama and ex-CBI director John Brennan.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/cathay-pacific-airlines-shares-plunge-after-data-leak-revelation-173287">Cathay Pacific airlines shares plunge after data leak revelation</a>

Hong Kong's Cathay Pacific airlines shares fell sharply today after the company revealed data of about 9.4 million passengers had been accessed without authorisation.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/delhis-air-quality-drops-to-very-poor-pollution-shot-up-to-a-four-month-high-173284">Delhi's air quality drops to 'very poor', pollution shoots to a four-month high</a>

The air quality of Delhi and neighbouring areas dipped to 'very poor' as average Air Quality Index (AQI) hit 328 on Wednesday.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/japanese-journalist-held-hostage-by-militants-in-syria-heads-home-173293">Japanese</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/japanese-journalist-held-hostage-by-militants-in-syria-heads-home-173293"> journalist held hostage by militants in Syria heads home</a>

A Japanese journalist held hostage by militants for 40 months left for Japan from Turkey on Wednesday after being freed and said he was happy to be going home.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/business-economy/india-expected-to-become-third-largest-aviation-market-by-2037-173276">India expected to become </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/business-economy/india-expected-to-become-third-largest-aviation-market-by-2037-173276">third</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/business-economy/india-expected-to-become-third-largest-aviation-market-by-2037-173276"> largest aviation market by 2037: IATA</a>

The number of people travelling by air should double to 8.2 billion a year by 2037, with Asia and the Pacific leading the way, sector federation IATA forecast on Wednesday (Oct 24).

Suspicious package also sent to California Democratic Representative Maxine Waters, confirms FBI America's Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) confirmed today that California Democratic Representative Maxine Waters also received a suspicious package after several Democratic leaders including Hillary Clinton, ex-US president Barack Obama, Eric Holder, the attorney general under Obama and ex-CBI director John Brennan.

Suspicious package also sent to California Democratic Representative Maxine Waters, confirms FBI America's Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) confirmed today that California Democratic Representative Maxine Waters also received a suspicious package after several Democratic leaders including Hillary Clinton, ex-US president Barack Obama, Eric Holder, the attorney general under Obama and ex-CBI director John Brennan. Cathay Pacific airlines shares plunge after data leak revelation Hong Kong's Cathay Pacific airlines shares fell sharply today after the company revealed data of about 9.4 million passengers had been accessed without authorisation. Delhi's air quality drops to 'very poor', pollution shoots to a four-month high The air quality of Delhi and neighbouring areas dipped to 'very poor' as average Air Quality Index (AQI) hit 328 on Wednesday. Japanese journalist held hostage by militants in Syria heads home A Japanese journalist held hostage by militants for 40 months left for Japan from Turkey on Wednesday after being freed and said he was happy to be going home. India expected to become third largest aviation market by 2037: IATA The number of people travelling by air should double to 8.2 billion a year by 2037, with Asia and the Pacific leading the way, sector federation IATA forecast on Wednesday (Oct 24).

News brief: Big stories of the day

US stocks finished a punishing session sharply lower Wednesday, with major indices sinking more than two per cent and the Dow and S&amp;P 500 tumbling and wiping out all the 2018 gains.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 2.4 per cent to close at 24,583.42, a single day loss of more than 600 points.

The tech-rich Nasdaq Composite Index plummeted 4.4 per cent to finish at 7,108.40, posting its worst day since 2011, while the broad-based S&amp;P 500 sank 3.1 per cent to 2,656.15.

The losses followed a mixed day of corporate earnings that analysts fear signal the economy is exiting the "peak" earnings environment helped by US tax cuts that were enacted late last year.

Investors also have been unnerved by comments from industrial companies saying trade conflicts have raised material costs.

"Costs are increasing and it's often tariff-related. We also reached a potential peak for earnings," said Nate Thooft, senior managing director at Manulife Mutual Funds.

"Companies that show marginal weakness take a beating."

The share price declines also came after data on US home sales fell to their slowest pace in nearly two years, and a Federal Reserve report showed firms nationwide are worried about the rising hit from tariffs and widespread labor shortages.

The expectation the Fed will continue to raise interest rates also has buffeted stocks this month, alongside anxiety over the fallout from the murder of Saudi Arabian journalist Jamal Khashoggi and an ongoing budget dispute between Italy and Brussels.

Technology shares were especially hard hit Wednesday, with Amazon losing 5.9 per cent, Facebook 5.4 per cent, Google-parent Alphabet 4.8 per cent and Netflix 9.4 per cent.

Chip companies also sank following a disappointing forecast from Texas Instruments, which dropped 8.2 per cent. Applied Materials lost 5.1 per cent, Micron 8.4 per cent and Advanced Micro Devices 9.2 per cent.

A rare bright spot was Boeing, which advanced 1.3 per cent after raising its full-year profit forecast.

But other large industrial companies in the Dow fell, including Caterpillar and 3M which dropped 5.6 per cent and 4.2 per cent, respectively. The two companies also fell sharply on Tuesday following disappointing results.

US stocks finished a punishing session sharply lower Wednesday, with major indices sinking more than two per cent and the Dow and S&P 500 tumbling and wiping out all the 2018 gains.

US stocks finished a punishing session sharply lower Wednesday, with major indices sinking more than two per cent and the Dow and S&P 500 tumbling and wiping out all the 2018 gains. The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 2.4 per cent to close at 24,583.42, a single day loss of more than 600 points. The tech-rich Nasdaq Composite Index plummeted 4.4 per cent to finish at 7,108.40, posting its worst day since 2011, while the broad-based S&P 500 sank 3.1 per cent to 2,656.15. The losses followed a mixed day of corporate earnings that analysts fear signal the economy is exiting the "peak" earnings environment helped by US tax cuts that were enacted late last year. Investors also have been unnerved by comments from industrial companies saying trade conflicts have raised material costs. "Costs are increasing and it's often tariff-related. We also reached a potential peak for earnings," said Nate Thooft, senior managing director at Manulife Mutual Funds. "Companies that show marginal weakness take a beating." The share price declines also came after data on US home sales fell to their slowest pace in nearly two years, and a Federal Reserve report showed firms nationwide are worried about the rising hit from tariffs and widespread labor shortages. The expectation the Fed will continue to raise interest rates also has buffeted stocks this month, alongside anxiety over the fallout from the murder of Saudi Arabian journalist Jamal Khashoggi and an ongoing budget dispute between Italy and Brussels. Technology shares were especially hard hit Wednesday, with Amazon losing 5.9 per cent, Facebook 5.4 per cent, Google-parent Alphabet 4.8 per cent and Netflix 9.4 per cent. Chip companies also sank following a disappointing forecast from Texas Instruments, which dropped 8.2 per cent. Applied Materials lost 5.1 per cent, Micron 8.4 per cent and Advanced Micro Devices 9.2 per cent. A rare bright spot was Boeing, which advanced 1.3 per cent after raising its full-year profit forecast. But other large industrial companies in the Dow fell, including Caterpillar and 3M which dropped 5.6 per cent and 4.2 per cent, respectively. The two companies also fell sharply on Tuesday following disappointing results.

US stocks plunge, sending Dow into the red for 2018

Thousands of Central American migrants crossing Mexico toward the United States in a caravan resumed their long trek Wednesday, walking about 12 hours to their next destination.

The migrants, who have drawn near-daily Twitter tirades from US President Donald Trump, walked and hitched rides from the town of Huixtla, in southern Mexico, to Mapastepec, some 60 kilometers (40 miles) away.

Carrying their few belongings on their backs -- many with babies pressed to their chests or holding their children by the hand -- they left at dawn after taking a one-day break to rest, bathe and nurse aching and injured feet.

"I miss my country. I'm not doing this because I want to. No one wants to leave their home to go to a place they don't know. But sometimes necessity pushes us to do this, because of what's happening in our countries," said Delmer Martinez, a migrant from El Salvador.

Determined to reach US border&nbsp;

Fleeing violent crime, political unrest and poverty at home, the migrants say they are determined to reach the United States -- despite Trump's vows to stop them, and his threats to cut aid to Central American countries, as well as to deploy the military and close the southern US border.

There are now about 7,000 migrants in the caravan, the United Nations estimates -- though Mexican authorities put the number much lower Wednesday: 3,630.

The vast majority are from Honduras.

In a show of solidarity, Mexicans watching the caravan pass shouted out, "Keep it up, brothers!" and gave them food and water.

"Mexico! Mexico!" the migrants shouted in reply, bathed in sweat under the hot sun of the southern state of Chiapas.

They have so far traveled about 100 kilometers from the Mexico-Guatemala border, where they crashed through a series of border gates Friday.

Halted at the final gate by hundreds of riot police, most of the caravan entered Mexico by swimming or taking rafts across the river that forms the border.

Mexican federal police have periodically accompanied the caravan in trucks or flown overhead in helicopters, but without attempting to stop it.

According to the Mexican government, about 1,700 people who were traveling in the caravan have requested asylum in Mexico.

The migrants still have some 3,000 kilometers left to walk to reach the US.

Thousands of Central American migrants crossing Mexico toward the United States in a caravan resumed their long trek Wednesday, walking about 12 hours to their next destination.

Thousands of Central American migrants crossing Mexico toward the United States in a caravan resumed their long trek Wednesday, walking about 12 hours to their next destination. The migrants, who have drawn near-daily Twitter tirades from US President Donald Trump, walked and hitched rides from the town of Huixtla, in southern Mexico, to Mapastepec, some 60 kilometers (40 miles) away. Carrying their few belongings on their backs -- many with babies pressed to their chests or holding their children by the hand -- they left at dawn after taking a one-day break to rest, bathe and nurse aching and injured feet. "I miss my country. I'm not doing this because I want to. No one wants to leave their home to go to a place they don't know. But sometimes necessity pushes us to do this, because of what's happening in our countries," said Delmer Martinez, a migrant from El Salvador. Determined to reach US border Fleeing violent crime, political unrest and poverty at home, the migrants say they are determined to reach the United States -- despite Trump's vows to stop them, and his threats to cut aid to Central American countries, as well as to deploy the military and close the southern US border. There are now about 7,000 migrants in the caravan, the United Nations estimates -- though Mexican authorities put the number much lower Wednesday: 3,630. The vast majority are from Honduras. In a show of solidarity, Mexicans watching the caravan pass shouted out, "Keep it up, brothers!" and gave them food and water. "Mexico! Mexico!" the migrants shouted in reply, bathed in sweat under the hot sun of the southern state of Chiapas. They have so far traveled about 100 kilometers from the Mexico-Guatemala border, where they crashed through a series of border gates Friday. Halted at the final gate by hundreds of riot police, most of the caravan entered Mexico by swimming or taking rafts across the river that forms the border. Mexican federal police have periodically accompanied the caravan in trucks or flown overhead in helicopters, but without attempting to stop it. According to the Mexican government, about 1,700 people who were traveling in the caravan have requested asylum in Mexico. The migrants still have some 3,000 kilometers left to walk to reach the US.

Migrant caravan resumes trek to US-Mexico border

President Donald Trump has stepped up his drive to fill courts across the <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-senate-heads-to-final-vote-on-kavanaugh-supreme-court-nomination-169893">United States with conservative judges</a> in an effort to woo voters on the right ahead of the midterm congressional elections.

Coming off his success in appointing two judges strongly aligned with Republican ideology to the Supreme Court, Trump is duplicating that move in federal circuit and district courts -- the next two levels in the US justice system.

"I have been there less than two years and I have two of them," Trump boasted in an election rally on Monday in Texas, referring to Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh, the conservative justices who have tilted the Supreme Court strongly toward the right.

"We have a record number of circuit court judges for the time we have been in office," he added. "We expect to go to the all-time record."

The US Constitution empowers the president to make lifetime appointments of judges to all three levels of federal courts, where nearly 900 judges serve. Each needs to be confirmed by the Senate, however.

Since taking office in January 2017, Trump has obtained the confirmation of 84 federal judges, compared to 43 in the same period for his predecessor, Democrat Barack Obama.

Trump has nominated some 50 more, who are awaiting the Senate's green light.

Trump's former White House counsel Don McGahn said they have consciously chosen some of the most conservative people possible for the positions.

"Some folks that are kind of too hot for prime-time," he described them. "The kind of people that make some people nervous."

Impact already felt&nbsp;

Democrats are angry, but have been powerless to do anything about it because they are a minority in the Senate.

The senior Democrat on the Judiciary Committee, Dianne Feinstein, pointed out that her committee was the only one holding hearings before the midterms.&nbsp;

"Republicans are breaking every norm to stack the courts with young, ideological nominees who will undermine the rights and protections of all Americans for generations to come," she said.

And Democratic Senator Kamala Harris said in a tweet, "The Trump Administration is trying to pack the courts for years to come. We will fight this."

If Republicans retain control of the Senate in the November midterm elections as expected, Trump could have the opportunity to fill another 150 vacant posts over the next two years.

The new judges are already having an impact on US society, for instance by shooting down a complaint on racial discrimination in the workplace, and supporting the removal of limits to election campaign donations, both positions backed by Republicans.

"I think it's a huge thing," Attorney General Jeff Sessions said last week. "We can feel a difference in some of the circuits (appeals courts) already."

Trump calls the effort a major achievements of his presidency.

"These appointments are going to be one of the most important things, if not the most important thing, we do," he said.

Election issue

Ahead of the November 6 election -- in which Republicans are fighting to retain control of the two chambers of Congress -- Trump's judicial appointments are galvanizing conservative voters.

Evangelical Christians and traditional conservatives were originally skeptical of billionaire Trump, given his record of political opportunism and seeming agnosticism.

But he won their support in the 2016 presidential election by promising to appoint a committed conservative to the Supreme Court who would oppose abortion and support broad gun ownership rights.

The opportunity to stack the courts with conservatives was greater than usual when he took office: for the previous two years, Republicans in Congress had blocked dozens of Obama's nominees, leaving 107 judgeships vacant.

The Republican Senate quickly began confirming Trump's court picks. Even in their fervor, however, they did not get everyone through: one candidate withdrew when his legal shortcomings became evident; another was dropped after his former writings in support of the Ku Klux Klan were brought to light.

Unprecedented power grab'

With Republicans worried they could lose their majority in the November 6 vote, they have bent the rules in Congress to accelerate confirmations.

Fifteen were approved in one day in mid-October just ahead of the Senate going on break.

And even while it is officially in recess for the election, the Senate Judiciary Committee continues to hold confirmation hearings with nominees, angering Democrats.

"It is an unprecedented power grab that flies in the face of Senators' constitutional duty to advise and consent on judicial nominees and makes a mockery of our Constitution and justice system," said Jill Dash, vice president of the liberal-leaning American Constitution Society. 
&nbsp;

President Donald Trump has stepped up his drive to fill courts across the United States with conservative judges in an effort to woo voters on the right ahead of the midterm congressional elections.

President Donald Trump has stepped up his drive to fill courts across the United States with conservative judges in an effort to woo voters on the right ahead of the midterm congressional elections. Coming off his success in appointing two judges strongly aligned with Republican ideology to the Supreme Court, Trump is duplicating that move in federal circuit and district courts -- the next two levels in the US justice system. "I have been there less than two years and I have two of them," Trump boasted in an election rally on Monday in Texas, referring to Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh, the conservative justices who have tilted the Supreme Court strongly toward the right. "We have a record number of circuit court judges for the time we have been in office," he added. "We expect to go to the all-time record." The US Constitution empowers the president to make lifetime appointments of judges to all three levels of federal courts, where nearly 900 judges serve. Each needs to be confirmed by the Senate, however. Since taking office in January 2017, Trump has obtained the confirmation of 84 federal judges, compared to 43 in the same period for his predecessor, Democrat Barack Obama. Trump has nominated some 50 more, who are awaiting the Senate's green light. Trump's former White House counsel Don McGahn said they have consciously chosen some of the most conservative people possible for the positions. "Some folks that are kind of too hot for prime-time," he described them. "The kind of people that make some people nervous." Impact already felt Democrats are angry, but have been powerless to do anything about it because they are a minority in the Senate. The senior Democrat on the Judiciary Committee, Dianne Feinstein, pointed out that her committee was the only one holding hearings before the midterms. "Republicans are breaking every norm to stack the courts with young, ideological nominees who will undermine the rights and protections of all Americans for generations to come," she said. And Democratic Senator Kamala Harris said in a tweet, "The Trump Administration is trying to pack the courts for years to come. We will fight this." If Republicans retain control of the Senate in the November midterm elections as expected, Trump could have the opportunity to fill another 150 vacant posts over the next two years. The new judges are already having an impact on US society, for instance by shooting down a complaint on racial discrimination in the workplace, and supporting the removal of limits to election campaign donations, both positions backed by Republicans. "I think it's a huge thing," Attorney General Jeff Sessions said last week. "We can feel a difference in some of the circuits (appeals courts) already." Trump calls the effort a major achievements of his presidency. "These appointments are going to be one of the most important things, if not the most important thing, we do," he said. Election issue Ahead of the November 6 election -- in which Republicans are fighting to retain control of the two chambers of Congress -- Trump's judicial appointments are galvanizing conservative voters. Evangelical Christians and traditional conservatives were originally skeptical of billionaire Trump, given his record of political opportunism and seeming agnosticism. But he won their support in the 2016 presidential election by promising to appoint a committed conservative to the Supreme Court who would oppose abortion and support broad gun ownership rights. The opportunity to stack the courts with conservatives was greater than usual when he took office: for the previous two years, Republicans in Congress had blocked dozens of Obama's nominees, leaving 107 judgeships vacant. The Republican Senate quickly began confirming Trump's court picks. Even in their fervor, however, they did not get everyone through: one candidate withdrew when his legal shortcomings became evident; another was dropped after his former writings in support of the Ku Klux Klan were brought to light. Unprecedented power grab' With Republicans worried they could lose their majority in the November 6 vote, they have bent the rules in Congress to accelerate confirmations. Fifteen were approved in one day in mid-October just ahead of the Senate going on break. And even while it is officially in recess for the election, the Senate Judiciary Committee continues to hold confirmation hearings with nominees, angering Democrats. "It is an unprecedented power grab that flies in the face of Senators' constitutional duty to advise and consent on judicial nominees and makes a mockery of our Constitution and justice system," said Jill Dash, vice president of the liberal-leaning American Constitution Society.

With eye on vote, Trump stacks US courts with conservatives

The United Nations has wrapped its seventy-three years of existence with more challenges to face in the coming decade.&nbsp;

Since 1991, when the US launched its moment of unilateralism, the UN is facing a serious legitimacy and credibility crisis. In the midst of series of the US-led unilateral actions in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Russia’s military inaction in Syria, Israeli ’s military incursion in Palestine etc, serious questions have begun to rise in the international quarters on the political relevance of United Nations. 
&nbsp; 
Moreover, as the US is increasingly finding United Nations an obstacle to implant its unilateral vision, it has started casting doubt on the relevance of UN and has even questioned the usefulness of US's monitory contribution to the UN institutions.&nbsp;

To undermine the effectiveness of UN, the US, of late, driven by narrow US first policy, has slashed 285 million dollars to UN &nbsp;budget. Furthermore, it has withdrawn from two crucial UN body: the Geneva-based UN Human Rights Commission and UNESCO, in addition, to cut all the funds to UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) for Palestinian Refugees, which led UNRWA to close down its educational and health institution in Gaza. The US cut down $200 million of economic aid to the occupied West Bank and the besieged Gaza Strip.

Under the UN charter, the US was responsible for 22 per cent of the body’s annual operating budget, or around $1.2 billion in 2017-18, and 28.5 per cent of the cost of peacekeeping operations, estimated at $6.8 billion over the same period. 
 
UN General Secretary&nbsp;António Guterres has admitted that the global institution is facing severe financial crisis and has appealed the member states to contribute their dues. The US is the biggest defaulter in paying its membership due, even though it pays the largest sum.

Besides the financial woes, the UN is facing the challenges of democratisation of its governing and decision-making structure. The democratisation of UN is on agenda since the disintegration of Soviet Union. A large number of post colonial societies including India is demanding revamping the UN and other global structure of governance. In view of slow progress on this front, the emerging economies of the globe such as India, Brazil, Japan, South Africa, Germany etc have started voicing their disappointment over the great power politics.

Though seventy-three years of its existence have indicated significant weaknesses and failures in fulfilling its purposes, the UN with all its specialised agencies and development funds has extended its scope of action and remains the only international organisation with the universal membership. This relative failure of UN, particularly in the political domain, is partly structural: its functioning is subject to the political imperatives of national interest of its member states.

Today, on United Nations Day, we as world citizens should determine to leave no one behind and work towards creating a more equal world as UN General Secretary is urging the men and women of the UN, and those they serve, to "never give up" tackling the world's many challenges. 
 
(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

The United Nations has wrapped its seventy-three years of existence with more challenges to face in the coming decade. Since 1991, when the US launched its moment of unilateralism, the UN is facing a serious legitimacy and credibility crisis.

The United Nations has wrapped its seventy-three years of existence with more challenges to face in the coming decade. Since 1991, when the US launched its moment of unilateralism, the UN is facing a serious legitimacy and credibility crisis. In the midst of series of the US-led unilateral actions in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Russia’s military inaction in Syria, Israeli ’s military incursion in Palestine etc, serious questions have begun to rise in the international quarters on the political relevance of United Nations. Moreover, as the US is increasingly finding United Nations an obstacle to implant its unilateral vision, it has started casting doubt on the relevance of UN and has even questioned the usefulness of US's monitory contribution to the UN institutions. To undermine the effectiveness of UN, the US, of late, driven by narrow US first policy, has slashed 285 million dollars to UN budget. Furthermore, it has withdrawn from two crucial UN body: the Geneva-based UN Human Rights Commission and UNESCO, in addition, to cut all the funds to UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) for Palestinian Refugees, which led UNRWA to close down its educational and health institution in Gaza. The US cut down $200 million of economic aid to the occupied West Bank and the besieged Gaza Strip. Under the UN charter, the US was responsible for 22 per cent of the body’s annual operating budget, or around $1.2 billion in 2017-18, and 28.5 per cent of the cost of peacekeeping operations, estimated at $6.8 billion over the same period. UN General Secretary António Guterres has admitted that the global institution is facing severe financial crisis and has appealed the member states to contribute their dues. The US is the biggest defaulter in paying its membership due, even though it pays the largest sum. Besides the financial woes, the UN is facing the challenges of democratisation of its governing and decision-making structure. The democratisation of UN is on agenda since the disintegration of Soviet Union. A large number of post colonial societies including India is demanding revamping the UN and other global structure of governance. In view of slow progress on this front, the emerging economies of the globe such as India, Brazil, Japan, South Africa, Germany etc have started voicing their disappointment over the great power politics. Though seventy-three years of its existence have indicated significant weaknesses and failures in fulfilling its purposes, the UN with all its specialised agencies and development funds has extended its scope of action and remains the only international organisation with the universal membership. This relative failure of UN, particularly in the political domain, is partly structural: its functioning is subject to the political imperatives of national interest of its member states. Today, on United Nations Day, we as world citizens should determine to leave no one behind and work towards creating a more equal world as UN General Secretary is urging the men and women of the UN, and those they serve, to "never give up" tackling the world's many challenges. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Bigger challenges lie ahead as UN completes 73 years

The former commander of US Army forces in Europe warned on Wednesday of a "very strong likelihood" of an armed conflict between his country and China in the Pacific.&nbsp;

"I think in 15 years, it's not inevitable, but it is a very strong likelihood that we will be at war with China," recently retired US Lieutenant General Ben Hodges told defence experts meeting at the Warsaw Security Forum in the Polish capital on Wednesday.

Hodges served as US Army commander in Europe until last year and is now a strategic studies expert at the Washington-based Centre for European Policy Analysis (CEPA).&nbsp;

"The United States does not have the capacity to do everything it has to do in Europe and in the Pacific to deal with the Chinese threat," he said, also describing the US commitment to NATO as "unshakeable".

NATO manoeuvres at the end of October in Norway are intended as a show of force and unity in the face of an increasingly assertive Russia.

Running from October 24-November 7, the Trident Juncture 18 exercise will draw in 45,000-50,000 troops -- the biggest movement of NATO personnel and vehicles since the Cold War.

"It's in the American interest -- and the American leadership knows that -- to have a very strong European pillar. Even if not one European country is spending a euro on its own defence, stability and security in Europe is in the interest of the United States," Hodges later told AFP on the margins of the security forum.

"The president (Donald Trump) knows that, Defence Secretary (James) Mattis knows that, so you're going to see us continue to invest here in Europe, continue to train, to practise rotational forces as well as permanently assign forces for the eventuality that in ten or 15 years we're going to be having to fight in the Pacific," Hodges added.&nbsp;

NATO allies have beefed up their presence on the bloc's eastern flank over the past four years, operating rotating garrisons in eastern Europe and the Baltic states in a response to Russia's 2014 annexation of the Crimean peninsula.

The US army also set up a new European headquarters in Poland in the spring of last year to command some 6,000 of its troops deployed in NATO and Pentagon operations across the alliance's eastern frontier.

The move is one of the largest deployments of US forces in Europe since the Cold War.

The former commander of US Army forces in Europe warned on Wednesday of a "very strong likelihood" of an armed conflict between his country and China in the Pacific.

The former commander of US Army forces in Europe warned on Wednesday of a "very strong likelihood" of an armed conflict between his country and China in the Pacific. "I think in 15 years, it's not inevitable, but it is a very strong likelihood that we will be at war with China," recently retired US Lieutenant General Ben Hodges told defence experts meeting at the Warsaw Security Forum in the Polish capital on Wednesday. Hodges served as US Army commander in Europe until last year and is now a strategic studies expert at the Washington-based Centre for European Policy Analysis (CEPA). "The United States does not have the capacity to do everything it has to do in Europe and in the Pacific to deal with the Chinese threat," he said, also describing the US commitment to NATO as "unshakeable". NATO manoeuvres at the end of October in Norway are intended as a show of force and unity in the face of an increasingly assertive Russia. Running from October 24-November 7, the Trident Juncture 18 exercise will draw in 45,000-50,000 troops -- the biggest movement of NATO personnel and vehicles since the Cold War. "It's in the American interest -- and the American leadership knows that -- to have a very strong European pillar. Even if not one European country is spending a euro on its own defence, stability and security in Europe is in the interest of the United States," Hodges later told AFP on the margins of the security forum. "The president (Donald Trump) knows that, Defence Secretary (James) Mattis knows that, so you're going to see us continue to invest here in Europe, continue to train, to practise rotational forces as well as permanently assign forces for the eventuality that in ten or 15 years we're going to be having to fight in the Pacific," Hodges added. NATO allies have beefed up their presence on the bloc's eastern flank over the past four years, operating rotating garrisons in eastern Europe and the Baltic states in a response to Russia's 2014 annexation of the Crimean peninsula. The US army also set up a new European headquarters in Poland in the spring of last year to command some 6,000 of its troops deployed in NATO and Pentagon operations across the alliance's eastern frontier. The move is one of the largest deployments of US forces in Europe since the Cold War.

Former US Army commander in Europe warns of likely 'war with China'

Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe makes a rare trip to China this week hoping improved relations will lead to new economic partnerships, as the two countries come under US pressure on trade.

The visit is the first by a Japanese premier since 2011 and is part of a years-long process of repairing ties in the wake of a disastrous falling-out in 2012, when Tokyo "nationalised" disputed islands claimed by Beijing.

The incident prompted anti-Japanese riots in China, and kicked off a frosty spell that has only gradually and recently begun to thaw.

Since an awkward 2014 encounter between Abe and Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of a summit, there have been ministerial visits by both sides and a softening of rhetoric.

But Abe's trip will be a test of how far the two countries have come, and the need for progress is all the more urgent as US President Donald Trump levies tariffs and rattles sabres on trade with both China and Japan.

"The trade war with the US seems like it's helping bring them together a bit," said Kristin Vekasi, assistant professor of political science at the University of Maine, and an expert on Japan-China ties.

"In that sense, they're actually on the same side... and if Japan leans away from the US because of decreased economic opportunities, there's a potential for closer ties with China," she told AFP.

- Complementary economies - 
The two leaders are likely to focus on a range of potential deals, including joint investments in infrastructure in regional nations including Indonesia and the Philippines.

Abe has signalled some interest in China's massive "Belt and Road Initiative", which funds major infrastructure work, but experts said a concrete deal on Japanese participation was unlikely for now.

Both sides are keen to improve economic cooperation, with Japanese business eager for increased access to China's massive market, and Beijing interested in Japanese technology and corporate knowhow.

"Japan and China have really nicely complementary economies, and they can benefit hugely from having closer trade and investment ties," said Vekasi.

"They'll try and bring home some economic tangibles. That's generally where they've been able to successfully cooperate in the past."

The two leaders may find less common ground outside of the economic realm, with tensions lingering over territorial issues.

Just days before Abe's trip, Tokyo lodged an official complaint after Chinese ships cruised around the disputed islands that Tokyo calls the Senkaku and Beijing labels the Diaoyu islands.

And in September, Japan carried out its first submarine drills in the disputed South China Sea.

Japan does not border the South China Sea but has expressed concern about Chinese military activity there.

Panda diplomacy? 
Abe and Xi are likely to simply avoid those thornier issues, said Kazuyuki Suwa, a professor of political science at the University of Shizuoka.

"Neither side will make any compromises... They will say what they need to say, and won't likely agree to go beyond that," he told AFP.

"The relationship is a mixture of cooperation and confrontation, and that will stay the same."

Much of the meeting will be about optics, with both men looking for the symbolic boost that the summit will provide.

Abe will also be hoping to extract a pledge that China will make good on plans for Xi to pay a reciprocal visit to Japan next year.

If he succeeds, "that itself should be called one of the major achievements of this trip," Suwa said.

And there may be other diplomatic tools at the ready as well.

When Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang visited Japan earlier this year, he announced a gift of a pair of rare wild crested ibises, which arrived this month.

Japanese media have reported Abe is hoping that his visit will produce a bigger bonanza in the form of some panda diplomacy, with zoos in Sendai and Kobe apparently angling for new additions. 
&nbsp;

Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe makes a rare trip to China this week hoping improved relations will lead to new economic partnerships, as the two countries come under US pressure on trade.

Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe makes a rare trip to China this week hoping improved relations will lead to new economic partnerships, as the two countries come under US pressure on trade. The visit is the first by a Japanese premier since 2011 and is part of a years-long process of repairing ties in the wake of a disastrous falling-out in 2012, when Tokyo "nationalised" disputed islands claimed by Beijing. The incident prompted anti-Japanese riots in China, and kicked off a frosty spell that has only gradually and recently begun to thaw. Since an awkward 2014 encounter between Abe and Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of a summit, there have been ministerial visits by both sides and a softening of rhetoric. But Abe's trip will be a test of how far the two countries have come, and the need for progress is all the more urgent as US President Donald Trump levies tariffs and rattles sabres on trade with both China and Japan. "The trade war with the US seems like it's helping bring them together a bit," said Kristin Vekasi, assistant professor of political science at the University of Maine, and an expert on Japan-China ties. "In that sense, they're actually on the same side... and if Japan leans away from the US because of decreased economic opportunities, there's a potential for closer ties with China," she told AFP. - Complementary economies - The two leaders are likely to focus on a range of potential deals, including joint investments in infrastructure in regional nations including Indonesia and the Philippines. Abe has signalled some interest in China's massive "Belt and Road Initiative", which funds major infrastructure work, but experts said a concrete deal on Japanese participation was unlikely for now. Both sides are keen to improve economic cooperation, with Japanese business eager for increased access to China's massive market, and Beijing interested in Japanese technology and corporate knowhow. "Japan and China have really nicely complementary economies, and they can benefit hugely from having closer trade and investment ties," said Vekasi. "They'll try and bring home some economic tangibles. That's generally where they've been able to successfully cooperate in the past." The two leaders may find less common ground outside of the economic realm, with tensions lingering over territorial issues. Just days before Abe's trip, Tokyo lodged an official complaint after Chinese ships cruised around the disputed islands that Tokyo calls the Senkaku and Beijing labels the Diaoyu islands. And in September, Japan carried out its first submarine drills in the disputed South China Sea. Japan does not border the South China Sea but has expressed concern about Chinese military activity there. Panda diplomacy? Abe and Xi are likely to simply avoid those thornier issues, said Kazuyuki Suwa, a professor of political science at the University of Shizuoka. "Neither side will make any compromises... They will say what they need to say, and won't likely agree to go beyond that," he told AFP. "The relationship is a mixture of cooperation and confrontation, and that will stay the same." Much of the meeting will be about optics, with both men looking for the symbolic boost that the summit will provide. Abe will also be hoping to extract a pledge that China will make good on plans for Xi to pay a reciprocal visit to Japan next year. If he succeeds, "that itself should be called one of the major achievements of this trip," Suwa said. And there may be other diplomatic tools at the ready as well. When Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang visited Japan earlier this year, he announced a gift of a pair of rare wild crested ibises, which arrived this month. Japanese media have reported Abe is hoping that his visit will produce a bigger bonanza in the form of some panda diplomacy, with zoos in Sendai and Kobe apparently angling for new additions.

Under pressure on trade from US, Japan PM to make first visit to China in 7 years

WION Dispatch: Putin, Trump plan to meet in Paris next month

The Kremlin said on Monday that Russia would be <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/after-trump-pulls-out-of-nuclear-treaty-russia-says-it-will-retaliate-172639">forced to respond in kind</a> if the United States began developing new missiles after quitting a landmark Cold War-era treaty.

President Donald Trump said on Saturday that Washington would withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty because Russia was violating the pact, triggering a warning of retaliatory measures from Moscow.

The treaty, signed by then-President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1987, required the elimination of short-range and intermediate-range nuclear and conventional missiles by both countries. Its demise would raise the possibility of a spiralling arms race.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters on Monday that the U.S. move would make the world a more dangerous place and said Russia would be forced to act to restore the balance of military power if Washington quit the pact and started developing new missiles.

“This is a question of strategic security. Such measures can make the world more dangerous,” Peskov said of the planned U.S. withdrawal.

President Vladimir Putin had repeatedly said that the demise of the treaty would force Russia to take specific steps to protect its own security, Peskov said.

"It means that the United States is not disguising, but is openly starting to develop these systems in the future, and if these systems are being developed, then actions are necessary from other countries, in this case Russia, to restore balance in this sphere,” said Peskov.

There was a six-month period for the United States to withdraw from the treaty after Washington gave official notification it was leaving, he said, something he noted it had not yet done.

That meant the question of Russia developing its own new intermediate-range missiles -- something Washington accuses it of doing anyway -- was not "for today or tomorrow," he said.

Trump's national security adviser John Bolton is due to hold talks with senior officials in Moscow later on Monday and to meet Putin on Tuesday.

Peskov said Trump's decision to quit the pact would obviously be a subject for discussion and that Moscow was looking for a detailed explanation for why Washington had decided to turn its back on the treaty.

Russia denied U.S. accusations it had breached the treaty, said Peskov, alleging that the United States had been steadily undermining it.

"Putin has said many times said the United States de facto is taking measures that are eroding the conditions of this treaty," said Peskov, referring to strike drones and anti-missile systems capable of destroying short- and intermediate-range rockets. 
&nbsp;

The Kremlin said on Monday that Russia would be forced to respond in kind if the United States began developing new missiles after quitting a landmark Cold War-era treaty.

The Kremlin said on Monday that Russia would be forced to respond in kind if the United States began developing new missiles after quitting a landmark Cold War-era treaty. President Donald Trump said on Saturday that Washington would withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty because Russia was violating the pact, triggering a warning of retaliatory measures from Moscow. The treaty, signed by then-President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1987, required the elimination of short-range and intermediate-range nuclear and conventional missiles by both countries. Its demise would raise the possibility of a spiralling arms race. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters on Monday that the U.S. move would make the world a more dangerous place and said Russia would be forced to act to restore the balance of military power if Washington quit the pact and started developing new missiles. “This is a question of strategic security. Such measures can make the world more dangerous,” Peskov said of the planned U.S. withdrawal. President Vladimir Putin had repeatedly said that the demise of the treaty would force Russia to take specific steps to protect its own security, Peskov said. "It means that the United States is not disguising, but is openly starting to develop these systems in the future, and if these systems are being developed, then actions are necessary from other countries, in this case Russia, to restore balance in this sphere,” said Peskov. There was a six-month period for the United States to withdraw from the treaty after Washington gave official notification it was leaving, he said, something he noted it had not yet done. That meant the question of Russia developing its own new intermediate-range missiles -- something Washington accuses it of doing anyway -- was not "for today or tomorrow," he said. Trump's national security adviser John Bolton is due to hold talks with senior officials in Moscow later on Monday and to meet Putin on Tuesday. Peskov said Trump's decision to quit the pact would obviously be a subject for discussion and that Moscow was looking for a detailed explanation for why Washington had decided to turn its back on the treaty. Russia denied U.S. accusations it had breached the treaty, said Peskov, alleging that the United States had been steadily undermining it. "Putin has said many times said the United States de facto is taking measures that are eroding the conditions of this treaty," said Peskov, referring to strike drones and anti-missile systems capable of destroying short- and intermediate-range rockets.

We'll respond in kind if US develops intermediate missiles: Russia

President Donald Trump said <a href="http://www.wionews.com/americas/donald-trump-confirms-us-will-pull-out-of-nuclear-deal-with-russia-172549">Washington will exit the Cold-War era treaty</a> that eliminated a class of nuclear weapons due to Russian violations, triggering a warning of retaliatory measures from Moscow.

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, negotiated by then-President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1987, required elimination of short-range and intermediate-range nuclear and conventional missiles by both countries.

"Russia has not, unfortunately, honored the agreement so we're going to terminate the agreement and we're going to pull out," Trump told reporters on Saturday after a rally in Nevada.

Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said on Sunday that a unilateral U.S. withdrawal would be "very dangerous" and lead to a "military-technical" retaliation.

U.S. authorities believe Moscow is developing and has deployed a ground-launched system in breach of the INF treaty that could allow it to launch a nuclear strike on Europe at short notice. Russia has consistently denied any such violation.

Trump said the United States will develop the weapons unless Russia and China agree to a halt on development.

China is not a party to the treaty and has invested heavily in conventional missiles, while the INF has banned U.S possession of ground- launched ballistic missiles or cruise missiles of ranges between 500 and 5,500 km (311 and 3,418 miles).

Trump's national security adviser, John Bolton, will visit Moscow next week.

Ryabkov, in comments reported by state-controlled RIA news agency, said if the United States withdrew, Russia would have no choice but to retaliate, including taking unspecified measures of a "military-technical nature".

"But we would rather things did not get that far," RIA quoted him as saying.

TASS news agency quoted him as saying withdrawal "would be a very dangerous step", and it was Washington and not Moscow that was failing to comply with the treaty.

He said the Trump administration was using the treaty in an attempt to blackmail the Kremlin, putting global security at risk. "...We will, of course, accept no ultimatums or blackmail methods," Interfax quoted him as saying.

British defence minister Gavin Williamson, in comments reported by the Financial Times, said London stood "resolute" behind Washington over the issue, and that the Kremlin was making a mockery of the agreement.

President Donald Trump said Washington will exit the Cold-War era treaty that eliminated a class of nuclear weapons due to Russian violations, triggering a warning of retaliatory measures from Moscow.

President Donald Trump said Washington will exit the Cold-War era treaty that eliminated a class of nuclear weapons due to Russian violations, triggering a warning of retaliatory measures from Moscow. The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, negotiated by then-President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1987, required elimination of short-range and intermediate-range nuclear and conventional missiles by both countries. "Russia has not, unfortunately, honored the agreement so we're going to terminate the agreement and we're going to pull out," Trump told reporters on Saturday after a rally in Nevada. Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said on Sunday that a unilateral U.S. withdrawal would be "very dangerous" and lead to a "military-technical" retaliation. U.S. authorities believe Moscow is developing and has deployed a ground-launched system in breach of the INF treaty that could allow it to launch a nuclear strike on Europe at short notice. Russia has consistently denied any such violation. Trump said the United States will develop the weapons unless Russia and China agree to a halt on development. China is not a party to the treaty and has invested heavily in conventional missiles, while the INF has banned U.S possession of ground- launched ballistic missiles or cruise missiles of ranges between 500 and 5,500 km (311 and 3,418 miles). Trump's national security adviser, John Bolton, will visit Moscow next week. Ryabkov, in comments reported by state-controlled RIA news agency, said if the United States withdrew, Russia would have no choice but to retaliate, including taking unspecified measures of a "military-technical nature". "But we would rather things did not get that far," RIA quoted him as saying. TASS news agency quoted him as saying withdrawal "would be a very dangerous step", and it was Washington and not Moscow that was failing to comply with the treaty. He said the Trump administration was using the treaty in an attempt to blackmail the Kremlin, putting global security at risk. "...We will, of course, accept no ultimatums or blackmail methods," Interfax quoted him as saying. British defence minister Gavin Williamson, in comments reported by the Financial Times, said London stood "resolute" behind Washington over the issue, and that the Kremlin was making a mockery of the agreement.

After Trump pulls out of nuclear treaty, Russia says it will retaliate

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