Swiss voters, on Sunday (Mar 2) overwhelmingly backed a “historic” proposal to increase pension payments for the elderly as the country’s ageing population was faced with a rise in the cost of living. Meanwhile, the proposal to raise the statutory retirement age was comfortably defeated.

The call for adding a 13th monthly pension payment each year was made by the trade unions and backed by around 58 per cent of voters with less than 42 per cent of people voting against it.

<h2>Swiss voters support pension increase</h2>

The final polls had shown that the proposal may garner enough votes to pass, but the results show a more emphatic victory than suggested.&nbsp;

However, the separate vote to raise Switzerland’s retirement age to 66 from 65 was rejected by around three-quarters of voters. The AVIVO pensioners’ association hailed the pension increase as “a historic victory”.&nbsp;

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The proposal ‘Better living in retirement’ promoted by the Swiss Trade Union Federation and left-of-centre parties, also required the backing of a majority of Switzerland’s 26 cantons to pass. Notably, the proposal was strongly opposed by cantons with lower taxes.&nbsp;

According to the results, 10 cantons rejected the move while support in six cantons was above 70 per cent and more than 82 per cent in the western Jura region.&nbsp;

“I’m retired now and so obviously I would like a bit more,” Mery, a 65-year-old Zurich voter told Reuters, saying that increased pension payments made sense. “It should allow me to give a little something to my grandchildren.”

The Sunday vote marks the first time that Swiss voters have accepted a popular proposal to alter the country’s social security system, reported ATS-Keystone news agency.

The vote also marked the first victory of Swiss trade unions in pushing through an initiative under the country’s direct democratic system.

<h2>Why were people opposing this measure?</h2>

The government, which currently leans to the right, had called the proposal financially unsound and warned that the pension increase would cost more than $4.5 billion (four billion Swiss francs) per year, which would require tax increases and threaten the financial stability of the social security system.

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“If the initiative passes, a lot of retirees will receive a 13th social security payment even though they don’t really need it,” the government had said ahead of the vote.&nbsp;

Zurich, Switzerland’s biggest conurbation, is reportedly among the world’s most expensive cities. It was not immediately clear how the pension boost, which may take effect from 2026, will be funded.

Currently, Switzerland’s minimum old age and survivors (AHV) pension is $1,393 per month and the maximum is around $2,771. Meanwhile, for couples, it is $4,156. &nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

Swiss voters, on Sunday (Mar 2) overwhelmingly backed a “historic” proposal to increase pension payments for the elderly as the country’s ageing population was faced with a rise in the cost of living.

Swiss voters, on Sunday (Mar 2) overwhelmingly backed a “historic” proposal to increase pension payments for the elderly as the country’s ageing population was faced with a rise in the cost of living. Meanwhile, the proposal to raise the statutory retirement age was comfortably defeated. The call for adding a 13th monthly pension payment each year was made by the trade unions and backed by around 58 per cent of voters with less than 42 per cent of people voting against it. Swiss voters support pension increase The final polls had shown that the proposal may garner enough votes to pass, but the results show a more emphatic victory than suggested. However, the separate vote to raise Switzerland’s retirement age to 66 from 65 was rejected by around three-quarters of voters. The AVIVO pensioners’ association hailed the pension increase as “a historic victory”. Also Read | Israel-Gaza war: Israel 'boycotts' Cairo talks with Hamas over unknown fate of hostages The proposal ‘Better living in retirement’ promoted by the Swiss Trade Union Federation and left-of-centre parties, also required the backing of a majority of Switzerland’s 26 cantons to pass. Notably, the proposal was strongly opposed by cantons with lower taxes. According to the results, 10 cantons rejected the move while support in six cantons was above 70 per cent and more than 82 per cent in the western Jura region. “I’m retired now and so obviously I would like a bit more,” Mery, a 65-year-old Zurich voter told Reuters, saying that increased pension payments made sense. “It should allow me to give a little something to my grandchildren.” The Sunday vote marks the first time that Swiss voters have accepted a popular proposal to alter the country’s social security system, reported ATS-Keystone news agency. The vote also marked the first victory of Swiss trade unions in pushing through an initiative under the country’s direct democratic system. Why were people opposing this measure? The government, which currently leans to the right, had called the proposal financially unsound and warned that the pension increase would cost more than $4.5 billion (four billion Swiss francs) per year, which would require tax increases and threaten the financial stability of the social security system. Also Read | Death toll rises to 10 in Russian drone attack on Ukraine's Odesa; Zelensky calls for Western air defence “If the initiative passes, a lot of retirees will receive a 13th social security payment even though they don’t really need it,” the government had said ahead of the vote. Zurich, Switzerland’s biggest conurbation, is reportedly among the world’s most expensive cities. It was not immediately clear how the pension boost, which may take effect from 2026, will be funded. Currently, Switzerland’s minimum old age and survivors (AHV) pension is $1,393 per month and the maximum is around $2,771. Meanwhile, for couples, it is $4,156. (With inputs from agencies)

Swiss overwhelming vote in support of ‘historic’ pension increase

A 50-year-old Orthodox Jewish man was&nbsp;stabbed and was left critically wounded in Zurich's Selnau area in Switzerland, media reports said. The incident occurred shortly after the conclusion of Shabbat, a holy day of rest and spiritual rejuvenation observed by Jewish people every week from Friday evening to Saturday evening.&nbsp;

Zurich city police reportedly disclosed that a 15-year-old assailant was responsible for the attack which took place Saturday (Mar 2) evening. He has since been apprehended. An investigation into the matter has been initiated by the authorities.

Eyewitnesses recounted the chilling moment when the assailant was arrested, with one noting that "the perpetrator laughed when he was arrested." Initial reports also suggested that during the assault, the attacker screamed "death to the Jews" or "death to Israel."

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In the wake of this alarming incident, the Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities (SIG) announced that security measures within the Jewish community are under review. Despite assurances that there is no immediate threat, members of the Jewish community are urged to exercise caution.

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"The SIG is deeply shocked that a community member fell victim to such an attack. Physical attacks on Jewish people in Switzerland are very rare. The Jewish community has been spared from such life-threatening attacks for the past two decades. However, there has been a significant increase in such physical attacks since October 7th," the federation said adding, "The SIG's thoughts are with the victim and his relatives. We pray for a full and speedy recovery."

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Last month, Pope Francis rebuked the "terrible increase in attacks against Jews around the world" and flagged concerns over the increase in anti-Semitism ever since the Israel-Hamas war started in Gaza on the fateful day of October 7.

"We, Catholics, are very concerned about the terrible increase in attacks against Jews around the world," the pope wrote.&nbsp;

Moreover, a study in 2016 conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights revealed that events in the Middle East can provoke antisemitic sentiments within the EU.&nbsp;When reports of the fatal attack on Israel circulated, it triggered incidents of individuals rejoicing over the killings in certain European countries, such as Sweden and the UK.

(With inputs from agencies)

A 50-year-old Orthodox Jewish man was stabbed and was left critically wounded in Zurich's Selnau area in Switzerland, media reports said. The incident occurred shortly after the conclusion of Shabbat, a holy day of rest and spiritual rejuvenation observed by Jewish people every week from Friday evening to Saturday evening.

A 50-year-old Orthodox Jewish man was stabbed and was left critically wounded in Zurich's Selnau area in Switzerland, media reports said. The incident occurred shortly after the conclusion of Shabbat, a holy day of rest and spiritual rejuvenation observed by Jewish people every week from Friday evening to Saturday evening. Zurich city police reportedly disclosed that a 15-year-old assailant was responsible for the attack which took place Saturday (Mar 2) evening. He has since been apprehended. An investigation into the matter has been initiated by the authorities. Eyewitnesses recounted the chilling moment when the assailant was arrested, with one noting that "the perpetrator laughed when he was arrested." Initial reports also suggested that during the assault, the attacker screamed "death to the Jews" or "death to Israel." Also Read | US presidential hopeful Trump wins caucuses in Missouri, Michigan, and Idaho In the wake of this alarming incident, the Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities (SIG) announced that security measures within the Jewish community are under review. Despite assurances that there is no immediate threat, members of the Jewish community are urged to exercise caution. Also Read | We're dropping some food and we're dropping bombs: Protesters in US dismiss Washington's aid airdrop in Gaza "The SIG is deeply shocked that a community member fell victim to such an attack. Physical attacks on Jewish people in Switzerland are very rare. The Jewish community has been spared from such life-threatening attacks for the past two decades. However, there has been a significant increase in such physical attacks since October 7th," the federation said adding, "The SIG's thoughts are with the victim and his relatives. We pray for a full and speedy recovery." Watch | Thousands protest against the socio-economic crisis in Tunisia × Last month, Pope Francis rebuked the "terrible increase in attacks against Jews around the world" and flagged concerns over the increase in anti-Semitism ever since the Israel-Hamas war started in Gaza on the fateful day of October 7. "We, Catholics, are very concerned about the terrible increase in attacks against Jews around the world," the pope wrote. Moreover, a study in 2016 conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights revealed that events in the Middle East can provoke antisemitic sentiments within the EU. When reports of the fatal attack on Israel circulated, it triggered incidents of individuals rejoicing over the killings in certain European countries, such as Sweden and the UK. (With inputs from agencies)

Switzerland: Jewish man wounded in Zurich after rare stabbing attack, hate crime suspected

India is on the brink of finalising a groundbreaking deal with a select group of European nations. Bloomberg reports suggest that Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein—members of the European free trade association— are gearing up to invest $100 billion in india over the next 15 years.

European nations to invest $100 bn in India

India is on the brink of finalising a trade agreement that could potentially unleash a wave of investment worth $100 billion over 15 years from a select group of European nations. <o:p></o:p>

A Bloomberg report cited sources familiar with the negotiations who revealed that the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), comprising Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein, have decided to invest in India as part of a trade pact currently in the advanced stages of discussion.<o:p></o:p>

Although the specific terms are yet to be disclosed, the foundational framework of the deal has been established, with deliberations now focusing on the precise investment amount.<o:p></o:p>

While India aims for a legally binding commitment, European officials suggest the figure may be presented as a target without legal obligation. <o:p></o:p>

If finalised, this agreement would mark a historic milestone as India secures an unprecedented investment commitment within a free trade agreement.<o:p></o:p>

Switzerland's Economy Minister Guy Parmelin hinted at the progress made, indicating that the deal's outline has been agreed upon. <o:p></o:p>

However, official details are pending legal clarifications, with efforts underway to expedite the signing process before India's anticipated elections slated for April. <o:p></o:p>

Despite attempts to reach out to India's commerce ministry, there has been no immediate response regarding the matter. <o:p></o:p>

Acknowledging the ongoing negotiations, the Swiss economy ministry emphasised that the agreement's text is yet to be finalised, withholding specific details at this juncture.<o:p></o:p>

Nevertheless, significant consensus has been reached on key areas such as patent protection and innovative investment promotion measures.<o:p></o:p>

Norway's government opted not to comment on the deal's specifics, maintaining discretion amidst the ongoing discussions. <o:p></o:p>

As Switzerland emerges as India's foremost trading partner within the EFTA bloc, with bilateral trade reaching $17.14 billion in the 2022-23 fiscal year, this prospective agreement holds immense significance for both parties.<o:p></o:p>

For the EFTA nations, the agreement, after 16 years in the making, promises expanded opportunities to export processed foods, electrical machinery, and engineering products to India, potentially reaching a market of 1.4 billion people. <o:p></o:p>

Furthermore, the EFTA bloc's pharmaceutical and medical devices sectors are poised to benefit significantly from this deal.<o:p></o:p>

The United Arab Emirates is also contemplating a substantial investment of up to $50 billion in India, further underlining the country's attractiveness to foreign investors. <o:p></o:p>

The proposed investment from EFTA countries is expected to primarily stem from private enterprises and state-backed entities, targeting existing and upcoming manufacturing ventures. <o:p></o:p>

Sources familiar with the discussions anticipate over 1 million job opportunities to be generated in India as a result of this investment influx.<o:p></o:p>

In addition to facilitating investment, the agreement aims to streamline the movement of Indian professionals to the EFTA bloc and enhance market access for select agricultural products. <o:p></o:p>

Despite Switzerland's traditional stance of protecting its agricultural sector, negotiations suggest a willingness to consider easier market access for Indian rice due to Switzerland's nominal domestic production.<o:p></o:p>

(With inputs from Bloomberg)<o:p></o:p>

India is on the brink of finalising a trade agreement that could potentially unleash a wave of investment worth $100 billion over 15 years from a select group of European nations.

India is on the brink of finalising a trade agreement that could potentially unleash a wave of investment worth $100 billion over 15 years from a select group of European nations. A Bloomberg report cited sources familiar with the negotiations who revealed that the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), comprising Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein, have decided to invest in India as part of a trade pact currently in the advanced stages of discussion. Although the specific terms are yet to be disclosed, the foundational framework of the deal has been established, with deliberations now focusing on the precise investment amount. While India aims for a legally binding commitment, European officials suggest the figure may be presented as a target without legal obligation. If finalised, this agreement would mark a historic milestone as India secures an unprecedented investment commitment within a free trade agreement. Switzerland's Economy Minister Guy Parmelin hinted at the progress made, indicating that the deal's outline has been agreed upon. However, official details are pending legal clarifications, with efforts underway to expedite the signing process before India's anticipated elections slated for April. Despite attempts to reach out to India's commerce ministry, there has been no immediate response regarding the matter. Acknowledging the ongoing negotiations, the Swiss economy ministry emphasised that the agreement's text is yet to be finalised, withholding specific details at this juncture. Nevertheless, significant consensus has been reached on key areas such as patent protection and innovative investment promotion measures. Norway's government opted not to comment on the deal's specifics, maintaining discretion amidst the ongoing discussions. As Switzerland emerges as India's foremost trading partner within the EFTA bloc, with bilateral trade reaching $17.14 billion in the 2022-23 fiscal year, this prospective agreement holds immense significance for both parties. For the EFTA nations, the agreement, after 16 years in the making, promises expanded opportunities to export processed foods, electrical machinery, and engineering products to India, potentially reaching a market of 1.4 billion people. Furthermore, the EFTA bloc's pharmaceutical and medical devices sectors are poised to benefit significantly from this deal. The United Arab Emirates is also contemplating a substantial investment of up to $50 billion in India, further underlining the country's attractiveness to foreign investors. The proposed investment from EFTA countries is expected to primarily stem from private enterprises and state-backed entities, targeting existing and upcoming manufacturing ventures. Sources familiar with the discussions anticipate over 1 million job opportunities to be generated in India as a result of this investment influx. In addition to facilitating investment, the agreement aims to streamline the movement of Indian professionals to the EFTA bloc and enhance market access for select agricultural products. Despite Switzerland's traditional stance of protecting its agricultural sector, negotiations suggest a willingness to consider easier market access for Indian rice due to Switzerland's nominal domestic production. (With inputs from Bloomberg)

India nears landmark $100 bn investment pact with Switzerland, Norway

Researchers at Cern, the world's largest particle accelerator in Switzerland, have put forth a proposal for the Future Circular Collider (FCC), a supersised successor to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), as reported by the BBC.

With an estimated cost of $21 billion, the FCC aims to revolutionise physics by delving into the mysteries of dark matter, dark energy, and other particles that have eluded the LHC.

The FCC is envisioned to be three times bigger&nbsp;than its predecessor, with a circumference of 91km and twice the depth.

Operating in two stages, the first phase, starting in the mid-2040s, will focus on colliding electrons to explore the Higgs particle in greater detail. The second phase, commencing in the 2070s, involves the use of more advanced magnets and heavier protons to search for new particles.

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<h2>Challenges and innovations</h2>

The proposed collider's depth is crucial to contain the stronger radiation generated by higher energies. The advanced magnets required for the second phase are yet to be invented.

While the LHC made history with the discovery of the Higgs Boson in 2012, the FCC aims to address the remaining 95 per cent&nbsp;of the cosmos by unlocking the secrets of dark energy and dark matter.

The $21 billion price tag has sparked skepticism, with critics, with many calling&nbsp;the expenditure&nbsp;"reckless." Some argue that allocating funds to climate-related challenges might be more prudent.

Internal debates among particle physicists extend to the collider's design, with proponents of linear colliders citing potential cost advantages and quicker implementation.

Cern's director general, Prof&nbsp;Fabiola Gianotti, told the BBC that she envisions the FCC as a powerful tool propelling humanity toward a more profound understanding of the universe.

Also watch |&nbsp;007's Udaipur, CERN Science Gateway, China Golden Week, Vampire Tourism&nbsp;

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Despite debates and criticisms, Cern views the FCC as essential to address lingering cosmic mysteries, signalling a quantum leap in the pursuit of knowledge.

The proposal awaits approval from Cern's 70 member nations, which will collectively contribute to funding the ambitious project.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Researchers at Cern, the world's largest particle accelerator in Switzerland, have put forth a proposal for the Future Circular Collider (FCC), a supersised successor to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), as reported by the BBC.

Researchers at Cern, the world's largest particle accelerator in Switzerland, have put forth a proposal for the Future Circular Collider (FCC), a supersised successor to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), as reported by the BBC. With an estimated cost of $21 billion, the FCC aims to revolutionise physics by delving into the mysteries of dark matter, dark energy, and other particles that have eluded the LHC. The FCC is envisioned to be three times bigger than its predecessor, with a circumference of 91km and twice the depth. Operating in two stages, the first phase, starting in the mid-2040s, will focus on colliding electrons to explore the Higgs particle in greater detail. The second phase, commencing in the 2070s, involves the use of more advanced magnets and heavier protons to search for new particles. Also read | Solar Eclipse 2024: Everything you need to know about astronomical event - When, where and how to watch Challenges and innovations The proposed collider's depth is crucial to contain the stronger radiation generated by higher energies. The advanced magnets required for the second phase are yet to be invented. While the LHC made history with the discovery of the Higgs Boson in 2012, the FCC aims to address the remaining 95 per cent of the cosmos by unlocking the secrets of dark energy and dark matter. The $21 billion price tag has sparked skepticism, with critics, with many calling the expenditure "reckless." Some argue that allocating funds to climate-related challenges might be more prudent. Internal debates among particle physicists extend to the collider's design, with proponents of linear colliders citing potential cost advantages and quicker implementation. Cern's director general, Prof Fabiola Gianotti, told the BBC that she envisions the FCC as a powerful tool propelling humanity toward a more profound understanding of the universe. Also watch | 007's Udaipur, CERN Science Gateway, China Golden Week, Vampire Tourism Despite debates and criticisms, Cern views the FCC as essential to address lingering cosmic mysteries, signalling a quantum leap in the pursuit of knowledge. The proposal awaits approval from Cern's 70 member nations, which will collectively contribute to funding the ambitious project. (With inputs from agencies)

Giant atom-smasher proposal worth billions of dollars seeks to unravel universe's hidden 95%

The Swiss Alps make up the most popular Ski destination in the world. But the industry now faces an existential threat as it battles the looming danger of climate change. Unusually mild temperatures have forced the closure of ski resorts across Switzerland. Watch to know more!

Switzerland: Rising temperatures force closure of Ski resorts

Researchers have discovered over 30 new species of bacteria in patient samples at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. According to a study published in BMC Microbiology journal, some of these newly-found bacteria can pave the way for new avenues of research and treatments for related infections due to their clinical relevance.

Researchers have discovered over 30 new species of bacteria in patient samples at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. According to a study published in BMC Microbiology journal, some of these newly-found bacteria can pave the way for new avenues of research and treatments for related infections due to their clinical relevance. Dr Daniel Goldenberger, the study's lead author, said, "Such direct links between newly identified species of bacteria and their clinical relevance have rarely been published in the past." The study focuses on how knowing pathogens in the world that infect humans can make treating them easier. Since 2014, Goldenberger and his team have collected and analysed patient samples, studying 61 unknown bacterial pathogens from people with several medical conditions. Sequencing these bacterial genomes using traditional methods was difficult for them. So, they turned to a relatively new method for their analysis. Using an algorithm, they compared the sequences with known strains and identified 35 new species. Among these, seven were clinically relevant, meaning they can cause infections. The researchers classed the other 26 bacteria as "difficult to identify." ALSO READ | 'Magic islands' on Saturn's moon Titan are nothing but Swiss-cheese-like snow clusters The study noted that most newly identified bacteria belonged to two genera: Corynebacterium (six species) and Schaalia (five species). "We can find many species in these two genera in the natural human skin microbiome and the mucosa. This is why they are frequently underestimated, and research into them is sparse," added Goldenberger. But they are harmful once they enter the bloodstream. Furthermore, according to the study, one of the "difficult to identify" bacteria found in a dog bite wound on a patient's thumb might be a novel and emerging pathogen. A Canadian group first isolated the bacteria from wounds caused by dog or cat bites in 2022. The team will continue to work on this study by collecting and sequencing samples from patients at the University of Hospital Basel. Over 20 species added to the list will hopefully aid future diagnosis and treatment of infections. "Publicly available clinical and genomic data may help understand [bacterial organisms] clinical and ecological role," the study authors wrote in their conclusion. "Our identification of 35 novel strains, seven of which appear to be clinically relevant, shows the wide range of undescribed pathogens yet to be defined." (With inputs from agencies)

Discovery of over 30 unknown bacteria species might help find new treatments

Switzerland will try a former Gambian minister under ousted dictator Yahya Jammeh for crimes against humanity on Monday in a milestone case where a serial rape victim will testify after a multi-decade wait for justice.

Former interior minister Ousman Sonko will become the highest-ranking official to be tried in Europe under the principle of universal jurisdiction that allows grave crimes to be prosecuted anywhere, said Swiss campaign group TRIAL International which filed the complaint against him.

Nine Gambian plaintiffs will travel to Switzerland for the scheduled Jan. 8-30 trial at the Federal Criminal Court in Bellinzona in a case rights activists see as ensuring global accountability for the worst atrocities.

Sonko, 54, faces charges including murder, multiple rapes, and torture between 2000-2016 in what is Switzerland's second trial ever for crimes against humanity. He denies the charges.

"It has been a long period of waiting, waiting with anger, anxiety. But I am very optimistic now and I feel so happy. I am smelling justice," said Madi Ceesay, a 67-year-old plaintiff who says he was detained and tortured under Sonko.

The defendant's lawyer Philippe Currat plans to ask the court to abandon the case, citing problems with the investigations and hearings.

"Since the beginning, I have been stupefied by the way this file has been handled," he told Reuters, saying some of the evidence in the indictment was based on "secret" hearings in Gambia and that interviewees had not been informed of their rights.

<h2>'Struggling for 25 years'</h2>

One of the plaintiffs is Binta Jamba who, according to the indictment, was raped multiple times by Sonko between 2000-2002 after he murdered her husband in connection with an alleged planned coup attempt.

Once, in 2005, he held her captive for five days, beating her and raping her repeatedly, the indictment said. She fell pregnant by him twice and he paid for the abortions.

"Me and my family have been struggling with this for almost 25 years now," she said in a message sent to Reuters. "Without justice, I will never have peace in my life."

Currat says he can prove that Sonko was abroad during much of the period of the rape accusations.

He will also argue that many of the alleged crimes against humanity, including the rape charges, happened before a relevant Swiss law took effect in 2011 and are not admissible.

Sonko, 54, was arrested in early 2017 in Switzerland, where he was seeking asylum. Jammeh's 22-year repressive rule ended in January 2017 after he lost an election and was forced to flee.

Sonko could face a life sentence as the maximum possible penalty.

Currat says his treatment in Swiss jails has been cruel and that he was denied food and given inadequate medical care.

Fatoumatta Sandeng, the daughter of Solo Sandeng, a Gambian opposition activist killed in custody in 2016, said she is eager to look into Sonko's eyes in court. "If we don't hold people accountable, things like this will keep happening in Gambia, in Africa, all over the world," she said.

Switzerland will try a former Gambian minister under ousted dictator Yahya Jammeh for crimes against humanity on Monday in a milestone case where a serial rape victim will testify after a multi-decade wait for justice.

Switzerland will try a former Gambian minister under ousted dictator Yahya Jammeh for crimes against humanity on Monday in a milestone case where a serial rape victim will testify after a multi-decade wait for justice. Former interior minister Ousman Sonko will become the highest-ranking official to be tried in Europe under the principle of universal jurisdiction that allows grave crimes to be prosecuted anywhere, said Swiss campaign group TRIAL International which filed the complaint against him. Nine Gambian plaintiffs will travel to Switzerland for the scheduled Jan. 8-30 trial at the Federal Criminal Court in Bellinzona in a case rights activists see as ensuring global accountability for the worst atrocities. Sonko, 54, faces charges including murder, multiple rapes, and torture between 2000-2016 in what is Switzerland's second trial ever for crimes against humanity. He denies the charges. "It has been a long period of waiting, waiting with anger, anxiety. But I am very optimistic now and I feel so happy. I am smelling justice," said Madi Ceesay, a 67-year-old plaintiff who says he was detained and tortured under Sonko. The defendant's lawyer Philippe Currat plans to ask the court to abandon the case, citing problems with the investigations and hearings. "Since the beginning, I have been stupefied by the way this file has been handled," he told Reuters, saying some of the evidence in the indictment was based on "secret" hearings in Gambia and that interviewees had not been informed of their rights. 'Struggling for 25 years' One of the plaintiffs is Binta Jamba who, according to the indictment, was raped multiple times by Sonko between 2000-2002 after he murdered her husband in connection with an alleged planned coup attempt. Once, in 2005, he held her captive for five days, beating her and raping her repeatedly, the indictment said. She fell pregnant by him twice and he paid for the abortions. "Me and my family have been struggling with this for almost 25 years now," she said in a message sent to Reuters. "Without justice, I will never have peace in my life." Currat says he can prove that Sonko was abroad during much of the period of the rape accusations. He will also argue that many of the alleged crimes against humanity, including the rape charges, happened before a relevant Swiss law took effect in 2011 and are not admissible. Sonko, 54, was arrested in early 2017 in Switzerland, where he was seeking asylum. Jammeh's 22-year repressive rule ended in January 2017 after he lost an election and was forced to flee. Sonko could face a life sentence as the maximum possible penalty. Currat says his treatment in Swiss jails has been cruel and that he was denied food and given inadequate medical care. Fatoumatta Sandeng, the daughter of Solo Sandeng, a Gambian opposition activist killed in custody in 2016, said she is eager to look into Sonko's eyes in court. "If we don't hold people accountable, things like this will keep happening in Gambia, in Africa, all over the world," she said.

Gambian ex-minister Ousman Sonko faces rape, torture charges in long-awaited Swiss trial

Switzerland's capital city, Bern, is contemplating a pilot programme that would test the legal sale of drugs&nbsp;for recreational use. This unprecedented initiative is aimed at addressing the country's widespread drug use by providing a regulated and safer alternative.

The proposal has gained support from Bern's parliament, although it requires a change in federal law for implementation.

Advocates are reportedly arguing that the traditional "war on drugs" has failed, and innovative approaches such as legalisation could offer better control over the market and promote safer usage.

"The war on drugs has failed, and we have to look at new ideas," said Eva Chen, a Bern council member from the Alternative Left Party. "Control and legalisation can do better than mere repression."

This move is aligned with a global shift in drug policies, with an increasing number of countries and US states adopting measures such as decriminalisation and the legal recreational use of marijuana.

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Several European countries, including Spain, Italy, and Portugal, have already moved away from issuing prison sentences for drug possession charges.

Wastewater studies analysing illicit drug presence reportedly revealed that wealthy Swiss cities, including Zurich, Basel, and Geneva, rank among the top European cities for drug use.

The prevalence of drug use in these cities, as well as in Bern, has surged in recent years due to a dramatic drop in prices.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/mid-air-heist-man-charged-with-stealing-23000-from-three-other-passengers-672046">Mid-air heist: Man charged with stealing $23,000 from three fellow passengers</a>

Despite the support for the proposal, critics are reportedly arguing against legalising a drug with known health risks. Drugs can be highly addictive and pose severe health complications, including heart damage, strokes, depression, and anxiety.

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However, proponents of the pilot programme are saying that there is a&nbsp;need to acknowledge the reality of widespread drug use.&nbsp;

"We can't change that, so we should try to ensure people use it in the safest, least damaging way," stated Thilo Beck from the Arud Zentrum for Addiction Medicine.

The pilot programme is still in the early stages, with crucial details such as the source and distribution of the drug under development. The education, social affairs, and sports directorate are currently preparing a report on the potential pilot project.

(With inputs from agencies)

Switzerland's capital city, Bern, is contemplating a pilot programme that would test the legal sale of drugs for recreational use. This unprecedented initiative is aimed at addressing the country's widespread drug use by providing a regulated and safer alternative.

Switzerland's capital city, Bern, is contemplating a pilot programme that would test the legal sale of drugs for recreational use. This unprecedented initiative is aimed at addressing the country's widespread drug use by providing a regulated and safer alternative. The proposal has gained support from Bern's parliament, although it requires a change in federal law for implementation. Advocates are reportedly arguing that the traditional "war on drugs" has failed, and innovative approaches such as legalisation could offer better control over the market and promote safer usage. "The war on drugs has failed, and we have to look at new ideas," said Eva Chen, a Bern council member from the Alternative Left Party. "Control and legalisation can do better than mere repression." This move is aligned with a global shift in drug policies, with an increasing number of countries and US states adopting measures such as decriminalisation and the legal recreational use of marijuana. Also Read | Toyota initiates global recall of 1.12 million vehicles over airbag concerns Several European countries, including Spain, Italy, and Portugal, have already moved away from issuing prison sentences for drug possession charges. Wastewater studies analysing illicit drug presence reportedly revealed that wealthy Swiss cities, including Zurich, Basel, and Geneva, rank among the top European cities for drug use. The prevalence of drug use in these cities, as well as in Bern, has surged in recent years due to a dramatic drop in prices. Also Read | Mid-air heist: Man charged with stealing $23,000 from three fellow passengers Despite the support for the proposal, critics are reportedly arguing against legalising a drug with known health risks. Drugs can be highly addictive and pose severe health complications, including heart damage, strokes, depression, and anxiety. Watch | Lincoln Memorial vandalized with red paint and 'Free Gaza', ‘Free Palestine' messages × However, proponents of the pilot programme are saying that there is a need to acknowledge the reality of widespread drug use. "We can't change that, so we should try to ensure people use it in the safest, least damaging way," stated Thilo Beck from the Arud Zentrum for Addiction Medicine. The pilot programme is still in the early stages, with crucial details such as the source and distribution of the drug under development. The education, social affairs, and sports directorate are currently preparing a report on the potential pilot project. (With inputs from agencies)

Switzerland city considers legalising drugs for recreation, pilot scheme in pipeline

Cows grazing on lush pastures with ornate metal bells gently tinkling around their necks may be one of the ultimate symbols of Switzerland, but not everyone is enchanted by such traditional scenes.

In the village of Aarwangen in central Switzerland, a complaint was filed earlier this year over the noise levels from a herd of around 15 cows grazing overnight on a field next to a residential area.

Two couples in rental apartments overlooking the field asked authorities to intervene to make the farmer remove the bells at night.&nbsp;

The reaction was swift and fierce, with overwhelming demands for a local vote to protect the traditional use of bells.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/less-diverse-nature-emojis-are-affecting-conservation-efforts-say-scientists-668859">Less diverse nature emojis are affecting conservation efforts, say scientists</a>

"My first reaction when I heard about the complaint was one of surprise," Aarwangen's Mayor Niklaus Lundsgaard-Hansen, who lives near the field in question, told AFP.

"I wasn't aware that cows made a lot of noise, but I have learned that they can disturb some people."

He was even more surprised at the massive response.

Petitioners needed to gather backing from just 10 per cent of those eligible to vote in the village of 4,800 people -- about 380 signatures -- to push the issue to a vote under Switzerland's direct democracy system.

Instead, they showed up with 1,099 signatures for the "Bell Initiative", aimed at maintaining the right of farmers to use cowbells at all hours.

"That's enormous," Lundsgaard-Hansen said.

The initiative was officially presented at a municipal assembly Monday evening, and the village decided it should be put to a popular vote that is expected to take place in June.

The backing was "overwhelming", Andreas Baumann, a neurologist who spearheaded the initiative, told AFP, adding that only four of the 166 people present at the meeting had opposed moving ahead with a vote.

<h2>- 'About tradition' -</h2>

Cowbells were once indispensable for keeping track of herds grazing on Alpine pastures, and while their usefulness has waned with the emergence of GPS trackers, they remain a powerful symbol of idyllic Swiss rural life.

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Last week, rituals related to Alpine farming, including driving cattle up to high mountain pastures for the summer wearing the decorative bells, were added to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list.

But with many urbanites seeking tranquil havens in the countryside, often within commuter distance from cities and towns, the charm of cowbells sometimes wears thin.

A growing number of complaints have been lodged in recent years over noise levels from cowbells.

There have also been protests about churches ringing out the time every 15 minutes, night and day, as is typical in many Swiss communities -- something the "Bell Initiative" also aims to defend.&nbsp;

Such complaints frequently spark heated reactions in defence of traditions feared under attack in Switzerland -- a country of high immigration where foreigners make up a quarter of the population.

ALSO READ |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/your-anxiety-is-lying-to-you-saying-no-to-plans-isnt-all-that-bad-finds-study-668806">&nbsp;Your anxiety is lying to you! Saying 'no' to plans isn't all that bad, finds study</a>

"It's about our tradition," Baumann said. "Do we want to preserve what our ancestors created, or do we just put that into a museum?"

"The bells are in the DNA of Swiss people, and here in Aarwangen we want to preserve that."

Set on the banks of the Aare river against a backdrop of snow-covered mountains, Aarwangen counts 19 working farms, according to Lundsgaard-Hansen.&nbsp;

But the village, half an hour's drive from Bern and about an hour to both Zurich and Basel, "is not really a farming community", he said.

<h2>- 'Gives me hope' -</h2>

The couples who filed the complaints about the cowbells likely had not expected such an overwhelming pushback.

One decided to withdraw their complaint, while the other is looking to move out of the village, the mayor said.

Regardless of which way the village votes, the farmer in question could still be ordered to remove the cowbells at night if authorities find they surpass acceptable noise levels.

A judicial ruling is expected soon.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/end-fossil-fuels-12-year-old-indian-climate-activist-licypriya-kangujam-storms-cop28-stage-watch-668823">‘End fossil fuels’: 12-year-old Indian climate activist storms COP28 stage. Watch</a>

Rolf Rohrbach, who runs a nearby cattle farm, said he loved the tradition.

"It gives me hope," he told AFP, insisting that the bells are needed to keep track of young cows.

Personally, he said he could think of nothing better than to hear the gentle ringing at night.

"When I sleep, I like it," he said. "I know my cows are home."

Cows grazing on lush pastures with ornate metal bells gently tinkling around their necks may be one of the ultimate symbols of Switzerland, but not everyone is enchanted by such traditional scenes.

Cows grazing on lush pastures with ornate metal bells gently tinkling around their necks may be one of the ultimate symbols of Switzerland, but not everyone is enchanted by such traditional scenes. In the village of Aarwangen in central Switzerland, a complaint was filed earlier this year over the noise levels from a herd of around 15 cows grazing overnight on a field next to a residential area. Two couples in rental apartments overlooking the field asked authorities to intervene to make the farmer remove the bells at night. The reaction was swift and fierce, with overwhelming demands for a local vote to protect the traditional use of bells. ALSO READ | Less diverse nature emojis are affecting conservation efforts, say scientists "My first reaction when I heard about the complaint was one of surprise," Aarwangen's Mayor Niklaus Lundsgaard-Hansen, who lives near the field in question, told AFP. "I wasn't aware that cows made a lot of noise, but I have learned that they can disturb some people." He was even more surprised at the massive response. Petitioners needed to gather backing from just 10 per cent of those eligible to vote in the village of 4,800 people -- about 380 signatures -- to push the issue to a vote under Switzerland's direct democracy system. Instead, they showed up with 1,099 signatures for the "Bell Initiative", aimed at maintaining the right of farmers to use cowbells at all hours. "That's enormous," Lundsgaard-Hansen said. The initiative was officially presented at a municipal assembly Monday evening, and the village decided it should be put to a popular vote that is expected to take place in June. The backing was "overwhelming", Andreas Baumann, a neurologist who spearheaded the initiative, told AFP, adding that only four of the 166 people present at the meeting had opposed moving ahead with a vote. - 'About tradition' - Cowbells were once indispensable for keeping track of herds grazing on Alpine pastures, and while their usefulness has waned with the emergence of GPS trackers, they remain a powerful symbol of idyllic Swiss rural life. ALSO READ | New Hampshire man arrested for threatening to kill Vivek Ramaswamy Last week, rituals related to Alpine farming, including driving cattle up to high mountain pastures for the summer wearing the decorative bells, were added to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list. But with many urbanites seeking tranquil havens in the countryside, often within commuter distance from cities and towns, the charm of cowbells sometimes wears thin. A growing number of complaints have been lodged in recent years over noise levels from cowbells. There have also been protests about churches ringing out the time every 15 minutes, night and day, as is typical in many Swiss communities -- something the "Bell Initiative" also aims to defend. Such complaints frequently spark heated reactions in defence of traditions feared under attack in Switzerland -- a country of high immigration where foreigners make up a quarter of the population. ALSO READ | Your anxiety is lying to you! Saying 'no' to plans isn't all that bad, finds study "It's about our tradition," Baumann said. "Do we want to preserve what our ancestors created, or do we just put that into a museum?" "The bells are in the DNA of Swiss people, and here in Aarwangen we want to preserve that." Set on the banks of the Aare river against a backdrop of snow-covered mountains, Aarwangen counts 19 working farms, according to Lundsgaard-Hansen. But the village, half an hour's drive from Bern and about an hour to both Zurich and Basel, "is not really a farming community", he said. - 'Gives me hope' - The couples who filed the complaints about the cowbells likely had not expected such an overwhelming pushback. One decided to withdraw their complaint, while the other is looking to move out of the village, the mayor said. Regardless of which way the village votes, the farmer in question could still be ordered to remove the cowbells at night if authorities find they surpass acceptable noise levels. A judicial ruling is expected soon. ALSO READ | ‘End fossil fuels’: 12-year-old Indian climate activist storms COP28 stage. Watch Rolf Rohrbach, who runs a nearby cattle farm, said he loved the tradition. "It gives me hope," he told AFP, insisting that the bells are needed to keep track of young cows. Personally, he said he could think of nothing better than to hear the gentle ringing at night. "When I sleep, I like it," he said. "I know my cows are home."

Swiss village set to vote to keep cowbells ringing following 'noise' complaints

Reigning champions Switzerland suffered a 3-0 defeat by Czech Republic in their opening match of the Billie Jean King Cup Finals after last year's runners-up Australia also lost their opening group match in Seville on Tuesday. It always looked like being a tough start for the Swiss against the 11-time winning nation and so it proved.

A gripping battle between two 18-year-olds ended with Czech Linda Noskova edging out Celine Naef 7-6(2) 4-6 6-4 after recovering from 4-1 down in the deciding set. World number 23 Marie Bouzkova then beat Viktorija Golubic 6-4 6-4 in the second singles to give the Czechs a decisive lead in the Group A clash.

Barbora Krejcikova and Katerina Siniakova rounded off a 3-0 win with a doubles triumph against Golubic and Jil Teichmann. The Czechs rested Wimbledon champion Marketa Vondrousova after her late arrival from the WTA Finals in Cancun.

The United States are the other team in Group A. The competition began earlier in the day with Slovenia beating Australia 2-1 in Group B. Kaja Juvan got outsiders Slovenia off to a flyer with a 6-4 6-1 defeat of a rusty Ajla Tomljanovic.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/sports/two-time-major-winner-minjee-lee-and-her-brother-min-woo-target-unique-sweep-of-dual-gender-at-aus-open-664635">Two-time major winner Minjee Lee and her brother Min Woo target unique sweep of dual gender at Aus Open</a>

Former French Open semi-finalist Tamara Zidansek then overcame Daria Saville 6-1 6-4 to give Slovenia an unassailable lead. "It's really special to share this moment with the team," Zidansek said. "I'm really, really happy with how composed Kaja and I stayed on court today. We both showed a great level."

The Australian pairing of Storm Hunter and Kimberly Birrell did win the doubles rubber against Veronika Erjavec and Ela Milic but they are already up against it in the group. "I mean, it's a do-or-die isn't it? It's all or nothing," Australia captain Alicia Molik said of Thursday's clash with Kazakhstan who are the other nation in Group B. The 12 qualifying nations are split into four sections of three with the group winners progressing to the semi-finals.

Reigning champions Switzerland suffered a 3-0 defeat by Czech Republic in their opening match of the Billie Jean King Cup Finals after last year's runners-up Australia also lost their opening group match in Seville on Tuesday.

Reigning champions Switzerland suffered a 3-0 defeat by Czech Republic in their opening match of the Billie Jean King Cup Finals after last year's runners-up Australia also lost their opening group match in Seville on Tuesday. It always looked like being a tough start for the Swiss against the 11-time winning nation and so it proved. A gripping battle between two 18-year-olds ended with Czech Linda Noskova edging out Celine Naef 7-6(2) 4-6 6-4 after recovering from 4-1 down in the deciding set. World number 23 Marie Bouzkova then beat Viktorija Golubic 6-4 6-4 in the second singles to give the Czechs a decisive lead in the Group A clash. Barbora Krejcikova and Katerina Siniakova rounded off a 3-0 win with a doubles triumph against Golubic and Jil Teichmann. The Czechs rested Wimbledon champion Marketa Vondrousova after her late arrival from the WTA Finals in Cancun. The United States are the other team in Group A. The competition began earlier in the day with Slovenia beating Australia 2-1 in Group B. Kaja Juvan got outsiders Slovenia off to a flyer with a 6-4 6-1 defeat of a rusty Ajla Tomljanovic. Also Read: Two-time major winner Minjee Lee and her brother Min Woo target unique sweep of dual gender at Aus Open Former French Open semi-finalist Tamara Zidansek then overcame Daria Saville 6-1 6-4 to give Slovenia an unassailable lead. "It's really special to share this moment with the team," Zidansek said. "I'm really, really happy with how composed Kaja and I stayed on court today. We both showed a great level." The Australian pairing of Storm Hunter and Kimberly Birrell did win the doubles rubber against Veronika Erjavec and Ela Milic but they are already up against it in the group. "I mean, it's a do-or-die isn't it? It's all or nothing," Australia captain Alicia Molik said of Thursday's clash with Kazakhstan who are the other nation in Group B. The 12 qualifying nations are split into four sections of three with the group winners progressing to the semi-finals.

Tennis: Czech Republic stun champions Switzerland in opening match of Billie Jean Cup

Denied relief in Italy, Roman actress opts for assisted suicide in Switzerland. As per vanity fair Italy, the actress was suffering from terminal cancer for 10 years. Sibilla Barbieri was completely dependent on oxygen therapy and pain medications, which, if interrupted, would have led to a painful death.

Gravitas: Roman actress opts for assisted suicide in Switzerland

In a Sotomo Research Institute survey, 36 percent of participants cited climate change as a significant policy concern, surpassed only by health insurance rates, which represent pressures associated with the rising cost of living.

Switzerland Parliamentary Elections: 36% of voters say climate change a big election issue

More than 60,000 people gathered in the Swiss capital Bern to protest against climate change. Demonstrators demanded tougher policies to combat climate change. the protests come less than a month ahead of a national election.

60,000 people protest against climate change in Switzerland

In pics | More than 60,000 people demand climate action in Swiss capital in 'rare protest'

The glaciers in Switzerland, this year, suffered their second worst melt rate after record depletion in 2022, lessening their comprehensive volume by 10% in the last two years, a report said on Thursday (Sept 28).

In 2022, Switzerland's glaciers shed six per cent of their overall volume and this year, they lost another four per cent, "representing the second largest decline since measurements began", the Cryospheric Commission of the Swiss Academy of Sciences found in a new study.

The study further warned that the situation could only worsen in the coming years.

"Swiss glaciers are melting at a rapidly increasing rate," it said in a statement.

"The acceleration is dramatic, with as much ice being lost in only two years as was the case between 1960 and 1990," it added.

The result of two consecutive extreme years had been collapsing glacier tongues and some smaller glaciers disappearing altogether.

"All glaciers melted a lot," news agency AFP quoted Matthias Huss, head of Glacier Monitoring in Switzerland (GLAMOS) as saying.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/six-migrant-women-trapped-in-lorry-rescued-after-distress-texts-to-reporter-640622">France: Six migrant women trapped in lorry rescued after distress texts to reporter</a>

"But for the small glaciers, (the) melting is especially dramatic because these small glaciers are really disappearing right now."

<h2>Glaciers could all but disappear if no action taken: Scientists</h2>

GLAMOS, which monitors 176 of Switzerland's nearly 1,400 glaciers, recently paused measurements at the St. Annafirn glacier in the central Swiss canton of Uri since it had all but vanished.

"We just had some dead ice left," Huss lamented.

The massive glacier loss witnessed in Switzerland was linked in large part to a winter with very low snow volumes, as well as soaring summer temperatures.

"It's a combination of climate change that makes such extreme events more likely, and the very bad combination of meteorological extremes," Huss explained.

"If we continue at this rate... we will see every year such bad years."

Scientists have already cautioned that the Swiss glaciers could all but vanish by the end of the century if no action is taken to control global warming.

"We have seen such strong climate changes in the last years that it's really possible to imagine this country without any glaciers," Huss said.

(With inputs from agencies)

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The glaciers in Switzerland, this year, suffered their second worst melt rate after record depletion in 2022, lessening their comprehensive volume by 10% in the last two years, a report said on Thursday (Sept 28).

The glaciers in Switzerland, this year, suffered their second worst melt rate after record depletion in 2022, lessening their comprehensive volume by 10% in the last two years, a report said on Thursday (Sept 28). In 2022, Switzerland's glaciers shed six per cent of their overall volume and this year, they lost another four per cent, "representing the second largest decline since measurements began", the Cryospheric Commission of the Swiss Academy of Sciences found in a new study. The study further warned that the situation could only worsen in the coming years. "Swiss glaciers are melting at a rapidly increasing rate," it said in a statement. "The acceleration is dramatic, with as much ice being lost in only two years as was the case between 1960 and 1990," it added. The result of two consecutive extreme years had been collapsing glacier tongues and some smaller glaciers disappearing altogether. "All glaciers melted a lot," news agency AFP quoted Matthias Huss, head of Glacier Monitoring in Switzerland (GLAMOS) as saying. Also read: France: Six migrant women trapped in lorry rescued after distress texts to reporter "But for the small glaciers, (the) melting is especially dramatic because these small glaciers are really disappearing right now." Glaciers could all but disappear if no action taken: Scientists GLAMOS, which monitors 176 of Switzerland's nearly 1,400 glaciers, recently paused measurements at the St. Annafirn glacier in the central Swiss canton of Uri since it had all but vanished. "We just had some dead ice left," Huss lamented. The massive glacier loss witnessed in Switzerland was linked in large part to a winter with very low snow volumes, as well as soaring summer temperatures. "It's a combination of climate change that makes such extreme events more likely, and the very bad combination of meteorological extremes," Huss explained. "If we continue at this rate... we will see every year such bad years." Scientists have already cautioned that the Swiss glaciers could all but vanish by the end of the century if no action is taken to control global warming. "We have seen such strong climate changes in the last years that it's really possible to imagine this country without any glaciers," Huss said. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Switzerland glaciers’ overall volume shrinks by 10% in last two years, small ones may disappear: Study

The Swiss researchers have found a way to generate electricity from brewery wastewater using bacteria. A team of scientists at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) engineered bacteria called ‘Escherichia coli’ to achieve this feat.

"E. coli can grow on a wide range of sources, which allowed us to produce electricity in a wide range of environments, including from wastewater," senior author and chemical engineer Ardemis Boghossian was quoted as saying by Science Alert.

<h2>Why is it significant?</h2>

As per Ardemis, scientists have already identified some exotic microbes that can naturally produce electricity. However, they can do so only in the presence of some special elements.&nbsp;

But, the new bacteria engineered by the Swiss researchers can produce electricity in different kinds of atmospheres, making it viable for extensive and practical use.

Watch:&nbsp;Aliens: Are we looking in the wrong place?

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To better engineer the bacteria, the scientists modified its genome to include instructions for protein complexes found in Shewanella oneidensis, one of the best-known bacterial electricity generators.

By doing so, scientists were able to ramp up E. coli’s electro-activity two-fold.

However, it must be noted that those experiments were done under lab conditions, and it remains to be seen whether or not the same results can be achieved in industrial settings.

<h2>E. coli better suited for treating wastewater</h2>

Researchers have also found that E. coli is better suited to treat industrial wastewater rather than Shewanella oneidensis.

Breweries are generally required to treat the water they use for cleaning grains and rinsing tanks before disposing it of, as it contains a complex mixture of sugars, starches, alcohols, and yeast. If left untreated, this wastewater could lead to undesirable microbial growth.

To demonstrate their solution, the team conducted experiments using their engineered E. coli system, using a sample of wastewater obtained from a local brewery in Lausanne, Switzerland. Remarkably, the modified bacteria efficiently consumed this wastewater within 50 hours.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-hints-of-life-on-this-distant-alien-planet-study-635424">Also read:&nbsp;Scientists discover ‘hints of life’ on this distant alien planet: Study</a>

"Our bioengineered electric bacteria were able to flourish exponentially by feeding off this waste," says Boghossian, whereas S. oneidensis, used as a comparator, wasn't able to digest the mixed effluent.

This development highlights the potential of engineered E. coli for industrial wastewater treatment, even though it generates electricity at a slightly slower rate compared to S. oneidensis, according to the researchers.

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The Swiss researchers have found a way to generate electricity from brewery wastewater using bacteria. A team of scientists at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) engineered bacteria called ‘Escherichia coli’ to achieve this feat.

The Swiss researchers have found a way to generate electricity from brewery wastewater using bacteria. A team of scientists at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) engineered bacteria called ‘Escherichia coli’ to achieve this feat. "E. coli can grow on a wide range of sources, which allowed us to produce electricity in a wide range of environments, including from wastewater," senior author and chemical engineer Ardemis Boghossian was quoted as saying by Science Alert. Why is it significant? As per Ardemis, scientists have already identified some exotic microbes that can naturally produce electricity. However, they can do so only in the presence of some special elements. But, the new bacteria engineered by the Swiss researchers can produce electricity in different kinds of atmospheres, making it viable for extensive and practical use. Watch: Aliens: Are we looking in the wrong place? × To better engineer the bacteria, the scientists modified its genome to include instructions for protein complexes found in Shewanella oneidensis, one of the best-known bacterial electricity generators. By doing so, scientists were able to ramp up E. coli’s electro-activity two-fold. However, it must be noted that those experiments were done under lab conditions, and it remains to be seen whether or not the same results can be achieved in industrial settings. E. coli better suited for treating wastewater Researchers have also found that E. coli is better suited to treat industrial wastewater rather than Shewanella oneidensis. Breweries are generally required to treat the water they use for cleaning grains and rinsing tanks before disposing it of, as it contains a complex mixture of sugars, starches, alcohols, and yeast. If left untreated, this wastewater could lead to undesirable microbial growth. To demonstrate their solution, the team conducted experiments using their engineered E. coli system, using a sample of wastewater obtained from a local brewery in Lausanne, Switzerland. Remarkably, the modified bacteria efficiently consumed this wastewater within 50 hours. Also read: Scientists discover ‘hints of life’ on this distant alien planet: Study "Our bioengineered electric bacteria were able to flourish exponentially by feeding off this waste," says Boghossian, whereas S. oneidensis, used as a comparator, wasn't able to digest the mixed effluent. This development highlights the potential of engineered E. coli for industrial wastewater treatment, even though it generates electricity at a slightly slower rate compared to S. oneidensis, according to the researchers. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

E Coli can be used to generate electricity, Swiss researchers say

After acquiring its struggling rival Credit Suisse, UBS announced on Thursday that it will eliminate 3,000 jobs in Switzerland alone as part of a $10 billion cost-cutting program.

The newly-expanded bank giant’s intention to eliminate one in every twelve Swiss positions provides a sense of the magnitude of the restructuring as UBS struggles to merge a rival that collapsed after terrified customers withdrew billions from their accounts.

The majority of savings are anticipated to come from personnel reductions, and analysts predict that between 30,000 and 35,000 jobs might be lost internationally.

The layoffs come after the largest wealth manager in the world chose to absorb Credit Suisse's local branch, which was its only successful division last year, rather than split it off, as UBS also thought about doing.

“Our analysis clearly shows that a full integration is the best outcome for UBS ... and the Swiss economy,” UBS Chief Executive Sergio Ermotti told Reuters.

3,000 Swiss positions would be lost, according to a memo from Ermotti to the workforce, although more workers are likely to leave on their own, perhaps through retirement. Credit Suisse had previously reported that 8,000 individuals left the bank in recent months, before Thursday’s layoffs, so the actual number could be far higher.

In contrast to an earlier estimate of $8 billion by 2027, the UBS forecast more than $10 billion in cost reductions by the end of 2026.

The cuts, disclosed alongside the first financial figures published since the acquisition, led to UBS shares rising six per cent in late afternoon trade, reaching highs not seen since 2008.

UBS, which has a market value of 77 billion Swiss francs, has also expressed optimism about its near-term prospects. Rich clients’ attitudes are improving, and the firm anticipates that better financial markets will increase the amount it earns through fees.

However, there is controversy in Switzerland over the choice to acquire Credit Suisse’s local unit. Swiss pension funds and foundations that owned stock in both banks, represented by proxy adviser Ethos, said that a spinoff would have prevented “a major systemic risk for Switzerland, an important negative impact on employment, and issues for the fair competition.”

Ethos has supported a class-action lawsuit that is suing UBS for the buyout at a lower price.

(With inputs from Reuters)

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After acquiring its struggling rival Credit Suisse, UBS announced on Thursday that it will eliminate 3,000 jobs in Switzerland alone as part of a $10 billion cost-cutting program.

After acquiring its struggling rival Credit Suisse, UBS announced on Thursday that it will eliminate 3,000 jobs in Switzerland alone as part of a $10 billion cost-cutting program. The newly-expanded bank giant’s intention to eliminate one in every twelve Swiss positions provides a sense of the magnitude of the restructuring as UBS struggles to merge a rival that collapsed after terrified customers withdrew billions from their accounts. The majority of savings are anticipated to come from personnel reductions, and analysts predict that between 30,000 and 35,000 jobs might be lost internationally. The layoffs come after the largest wealth manager in the world chose to absorb Credit Suisse's local branch, which was its only successful division last year, rather than split it off, as UBS also thought about doing. “Our analysis clearly shows that a full integration is the best outcome for UBS ... and the Swiss economy,” UBS Chief Executive Sergio Ermotti told Reuters. 3,000 Swiss positions would be lost, according to a memo from Ermotti to the workforce, although more workers are likely to leave on their own, perhaps through retirement. Credit Suisse had previously reported that 8,000 individuals left the bank in recent months, before Thursday’s layoffs, so the actual number could be far higher. In contrast to an earlier estimate of $8 billion by 2027, the UBS forecast more than $10 billion in cost reductions by the end of 2026. The cuts, disclosed alongside the first financial figures published since the acquisition, led to UBS shares rising six per cent in late afternoon trade, reaching highs not seen since 2008. UBS, which has a market value of 77 billion Swiss francs, has also expressed optimism about its near-term prospects. Rich clients’ attitudes are improving, and the firm anticipates that better financial markets will increase the amount it earns through fees. However, there is controversy in Switzerland over the choice to acquire Credit Suisse’s local unit. Swiss pension funds and foundations that owned stock in both banks, represented by proxy adviser Ethos, said that a spinoff would have prevented “a major systemic risk for Switzerland, an important negative impact on employment, and issues for the fair competition.” Ethos has supported a class-action lawsuit that is suing UBS for the buyout at a lower price. (With inputs from Reuters) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

UBS to cut 3,000 jobs to save costs after taking over Credit Suisse: Report 

Thieves in Switzerland have managed to not only conquer one of the country’s most challenging protected climbing routes but also robbed a collection used to fund the maintenance of said route, while they were at it.&nbsp;

The incident has since sparked outrage from the local climbing group which took to social media to say what kind of people would do this along with an image of the smashed donation box.&nbsp;

<h2>About the high-altitude heist</h2>

It is worth noting that the heist was conducted by robbers who ascended to an altitude of 2,350 metres passing the traversed gorges on narrow steel cables, reported BBC.&nbsp;

The donation box from where the money was stolen belonged to the local climbing club and what shocked them was that the box was only accessible to the most experienced climbers.&nbsp;

The club maintains Switzerland’s longest protected climbing route known as via ferrata, on the Gemmi pass above Leukerbad village and does not receive any salary for the work.&nbsp;

The route is classed as level 5 (most difficult) and as per BBC involves serious climbing, ascending ladders bolted into the vertical rock face and crossing steep gorges on narrow steel cables.

In a post on Facebook, the group expressed their shock and outrage and said, “What kind of people are these??? The members of the IG climbing platform maintain the climbing platform without pay and different compensation.”&nbsp;

Given the difficulty of the route and the requirement to be equipped with necessary mountaineering gear for the climb, the theft is believed to have been carefully planned well in advance, as per the people who discovered the smashed donation box.&nbsp;

The thieves were also seemingly equipped with the tools that allowed them to break open the donation box “with brute force,” said the climbing club, as per the British media report. It also appears that they continued their ascent, with the money, to the top of the Dauberhorn, at 2941 metres.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

<h2>How much money did they steal?</h2>

While the climbing club is not sure exactly how much money the thieves took, club member and mountain guide Richard Werlen told the BBC it was likely to be at least 400-500 Swiss francs ($450-560)

The club also said that it might be difficult to find the perpetrator considering the last few days have been perfect climbing weather and they have received a large number of mountaineers at via ferrata.

The club has since received some 500 francs to replace the stolen donations by a local benefactor, reported BBC.&nbsp; 
 
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Thieves in Switzerland have managed to not only conquer one of the country’s most challenging protected climbing routes but also robbed a collection used to fund the maintenance of said route, while they were at it.

Thieves in Switzerland have managed to not only conquer one of the country’s most challenging protected climbing routes but also robbed a collection used to fund the maintenance of said route, while they were at it. The incident has since sparked outrage from the local climbing group which took to social media to say what kind of people would do this along with an image of the smashed donation box. About the high-altitude heist It is worth noting that the heist was conducted by robbers who ascended to an altitude of 2,350 metres passing the traversed gorges on narrow steel cables, reported BBC. The donation box from where the money was stolen belonged to the local climbing club and what shocked them was that the box was only accessible to the most experienced climbers. The club maintains Switzerland’s longest protected climbing route known as via ferrata, on the Gemmi pass above Leukerbad village and does not receive any salary for the work. The route is classed as level 5 (most difficult) and as per BBC involves serious climbing, ascending ladders bolted into the vertical rock face and crossing steep gorges on narrow steel cables. In a post on Facebook, the group expressed their shock and outrage and said, “What kind of people are these??? The members of the IG climbing platform maintain the climbing platform without pay and different compensation.” Given the difficulty of the route and the requirement to be equipped with necessary mountaineering gear for the climb, the theft is believed to have been carefully planned well in advance, as per the people who discovered the smashed donation box. The thieves were also seemingly equipped with the tools that allowed them to break open the donation box “with brute force,” said the climbing club, as per the British media report. It also appears that they continued their ascent, with the money, to the top of the Dauberhorn, at 2941 metres. How much money did they steal? While the climbing club is not sure exactly how much money the thieves took, club member and mountain guide Richard Werlen told the BBC it was likely to be at least 400-500 Swiss francs ($450-560) The club also said that it might be difficult to find the perpetrator considering the last few days have been perfect climbing weather and they have received a large number of mountaineers at via ferrata. The club has since received some 500 francs to replace the stolen donations by a local benefactor, reported BBC. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

‘What kind of people…’: High-altitude heist on climbing route shocks Switzerland

The remains of a German climber, who went missing nearly 37 years ago, have been recovered from a Swiss glacier.

Thanks to the melting ice, the body became visible enough to be spotted by a group of climbers passing by. &nbsp;

A DNA test confirmed that the remains belonged to a 38-year-old hiker from Germany who went missing near the Matterhorn mountain, Switzerland’s most famous peak, around four decades ago.

Police in the Valais canton said: “DNA analysis enabled the identification of a mountain climber who had been missing since 1986."

“In September 1986, a German climber, who was 38 at the time, had been reported missing after not returning from a hike,” the statement added.

<h2>Not an isolated incident</h2>

As the planet heats up due to climate change, glaciers in Switzerland are unveiling secrets long hidden beneath the snow.

In 2015, the remains of two Japanese hikers were recovered who went missing on the Matterhorn in a 1970 snowstorm. Their identities were confirmed after DNA tests.

Watch:&nbsp;Switzerland works to slash dependence on imported oil &amp; gas

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Similarly, in 2014, the remains of British climber Jonathan Conville were recovered, who vanished on the Matterhorn in 1979. His remains were spotted by a helicopter pilot.

Last year, plane parts were found on the Aletsch glacier from a Piper Cherokee that crashed in 1968.

<h2>Climate change leading to record glacier melting</h2>

Switzerland, with 1,400 glaciers, possesses the highest number in Europe, representing approximately half of all European Alps glaciers.

Last year, Swiss glaciers experienced a worrying record melting, losing over 6 per cent of their volume, a level previously considered extreme by experts at the Swiss Academy of Sciences.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/switzerland-tourist-plane-crash-near-french-border-leaves-several-dead-594537">Also read:&nbsp;Switzerland: Tourist plane crash near French border leaves several dead</a>

Additional research revealed that since the early 1930s, the country's glaciers have lost more than half of their total volume, far surpassing scientists' predictions for their shrinkage rate. If this trend continues, nearly all Alpine glaciers may vanish by the end of this century.

“Glacier retreat is accelerating. Closely observing this phenomenon and quantifying its historical dimensions is important because it allows us to infer the glaciers’ responses to a changing climate,” said Daniel Farinotti, a co-author of the study.

(With inputs from agencies)

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The remains of a German climber, who went missing nearly 37 years ago, have been recovered from a Swiss glacier. Thanks to the melting ice, the body became visible enough to be spotted by a group of climbers passing by.

The remains of a German climber, who went missing nearly 37 years ago, have been recovered from a Swiss glacier. Thanks to the melting ice, the body became visible enough to be spotted by a group of climbers passing by. A DNA test confirmed that the remains belonged to a 38-year-old hiker from Germany who went missing near the Matterhorn mountain, Switzerland’s most famous peak, around four decades ago. Police in the Valais canton said: “DNA analysis enabled the identification of a mountain climber who had been missing since 1986." “In September 1986, a German climber, who was 38 at the time, had been reported missing after not returning from a hike,” the statement added. Not an isolated incident As the planet heats up due to climate change, glaciers in Switzerland are unveiling secrets long hidden beneath the snow. In 2015, the remains of two Japanese hikers were recovered who went missing on the Matterhorn in a 1970 snowstorm. Their identities were confirmed after DNA tests. Watch: Switzerland works to slash dependence on imported oil & gas × Similarly, in 2014, the remains of British climber Jonathan Conville were recovered, who vanished on the Matterhorn in 1979. His remains were spotted by a helicopter pilot. Last year, plane parts were found on the Aletsch glacier from a Piper Cherokee that crashed in 1968. Climate change leading to record glacier melting Switzerland, with 1,400 glaciers, possesses the highest number in Europe, representing approximately half of all European Alps glaciers. Last year, Swiss glaciers experienced a worrying record melting, losing over 6 per cent of their volume, a level previously considered extreme by experts at the Swiss Academy of Sciences. Also read: Switzerland: Tourist plane crash near French border leaves several dead Additional research revealed that since the early 1930s, the country's glaciers have lost more than half of their total volume, far surpassing scientists' predictions for their shrinkage rate. If this trend continues, nearly all Alpine glaciers may vanish by the end of this century. “Glacier retreat is accelerating. Closely observing this phenomenon and quantifying its historical dimensions is important because it allows us to infer the glaciers’ responses to a changing climate,” said Daniel Farinotti, a co-author of the study. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Melting Swiss glacier coughs up body remains of hiker who went missing in 1986

In what is being viewed as a historic move for Switzerland, which is known for its foreign-policy neutrality, along with Austria signed a declaration of intent, on Friday (July 7), to join the European air defence system Sky Shield. The Germany-led efforts come amid threats highlighted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine which began over a year ago and in a bid to strengthen Europe’s air defences.&nbsp;

<h2>Switzerland and Austria intend to join defence initiative</h2>

The Swiss and Austrian defence ministers, Viola Amherd and Klaudia Tanner signed a memorandum of understanding to join the air defence system known as Sky Shield, in Bern, during a meeting with their German counterpart, Boris Pistorius. &nbsp;

So far, 19 countries, including Bern and Vienna, have joined the Europe-wide defence system which also involves countries including the United Kingdom, the Nordic and Baltic countries, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria.

The initiative includes procurement and an agreement to promote research cooperation in the field of armaments, said the Swiss government. The German-led initiative which began in August, last year, is designed to allow European countries to buy defence systems together and train together.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/neutral-switzerland-blocks-big-arms-sale-to-ukraine-boosts-russian-fortunes-in-ongoing-war-609887">'Neutral' Switzerland blocks big arms sale to Ukraine, boosts Russian fortunes in ongoing war</a>

In line with the initiative to strengthen and bridge the gap in Europe’s air defences, Germany proposed Sky Shield as a fast and cost-efficient plan which involves the procurement of available systems off-the-shelf from suppliers like the United States and others.&nbsp;

<h2>Swiss and Austrians move away from ‘neutrality’?</h2>

Both Switzerland and Austria have stressed their neutrality remains unchanged. In a statement, the Swiss government said, “It is in Switzerland’s interest to gear its security and defense policy more consistently towards international cooperation, and to increase its contributions.”&nbsp;

The Swiss government also said, “Switzerland and Austria also set out the terms regarding neutrality, in an additional declaration,” adding that it includes terms like “they will not participate or be involved in international military conflicts.”

ALSO WATCH |&nbsp;Gravitas: Switzerland signs up for Sky Shield project

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Meanwhile, Austria has argued that by pooling military resources it is able to maintain its neutral status.

<h2>Russia-Ukraine war affects Switzerland’s historic neutral stance</h2>

The effects of Russia’s war in Ukraine on Switzerland’s recent moves have led many to question the viability of its traditionally strict neutrality. Since the beginning of Russia’s “special military operation” in Ukraine, Switzerland has joined the European Union-led (EU) efforts to impose sanctions against Moscow.&nbsp;

While the Swiss, whose neutrality dates back to the 19th century, were able to defend their borders during World War II by making compromises with both Allied and Axis powers, it will be difficult to do so now. Since Switzerland is a member of the United Nations and the Russian invasion of Ukraine is seen as a violation of the UN charter.&nbsp;

“For the first time in a long time we are facing a conflict in which a country has clearly violated the UN Charter as an aggressor and which activates the right to collective defense, and the question as to whether Switzerland should participate is very controversial,” Thomas Cottier, professor emeritus of European and international economic law at the University of Bern told Spanish newspaper El País.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/swiss-exports-to-russia-dropped-marginally-while-pharma-registered-strong-growth-despite-sanctions-581005">Swiss exports to Russia dropped marginally, while pharma registered strong growth despite sanctions</a>&nbsp;

“Traditional neutrality is not sustainable, it’s not morally acceptable in my view,” said Social Democrat MP Jon Pult, earlier this year, as quoted by BBC. He added, “If Swiss neutrality means we’re somehow the advocates of international law and of the UN charter then I’m ok with neutrality, because then Switzerland can be a power of peace and freedom and rules-based world order.”

Last month, Switzerland blocked Bern-headquartered Ruag AG from selling nearly 100 Leopard-1 tanks to Kyiv, which the Swiss cabinet said would go against the country’s laws. However, it was not related to a separate sale of Leopard-1 tanks of the Swiss army to the German company Rheinmetall AG. Under the proposed terms of the sale, these tanks cannot be sent to Ukraine but could be used to replace tanks that Germany is sending from its own stock.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

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In what is being viewed as a historic move for Switzerland, which is known for its foreign-policy neutrality, along with Austria signed a declaration of intent, on Friday (July 7), to join the European air defence system Sky Shield.

In what is being viewed as a historic move for Switzerland, which is known for its foreign-policy neutrality, along with Austria signed a declaration of intent, on Friday (July 7), to join the European air defence system Sky Shield. The Germany-led efforts come amid threats highlighted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine which began over a year ago and in a bid to strengthen Europe’s air defences. Switzerland and Austria intend to join defence initiative The Swiss and Austrian defence ministers, Viola Amherd and Klaudia Tanner signed a memorandum of understanding to join the air defence system known as Sky Shield, in Bern, during a meeting with their German counterpart, Boris Pistorius. So far, 19 countries, including Bern and Vienna, have joined the Europe-wide defence system which also involves countries including the United Kingdom, the Nordic and Baltic countries, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. The initiative includes procurement and an agreement to promote research cooperation in the field of armaments, said the Swiss government. The German-led initiative which began in August, last year, is designed to allow European countries to buy defence systems together and train together. ALSO READ | 'Neutral' Switzerland blocks big arms sale to Ukraine, boosts Russian fortunes in ongoing war In line with the initiative to strengthen and bridge the gap in Europe’s air defences, Germany proposed Sky Shield as a fast and cost-efficient plan which involves the procurement of available systems off-the-shelf from suppliers like the United States and others. Swiss and Austrians move away from ‘neutrality’? Both Switzerland and Austria have stressed their neutrality remains unchanged. In a statement, the Swiss government said, “It is in Switzerland’s interest to gear its security and defense policy more consistently towards international cooperation, and to increase its contributions.” The Swiss government also said, “Switzerland and Austria also set out the terms regarding neutrality, in an additional declaration,” adding that it includes terms like “they will not participate or be involved in international military conflicts.” ALSO WATCH | Gravitas: Switzerland signs up for Sky Shield project Meanwhile, Austria has argued that by pooling military resources it is able to maintain its neutral status. Russia-Ukraine war affects Switzerland’s historic neutral stance The effects of Russia’s war in Ukraine on Switzerland’s recent moves have led many to question the viability of its traditionally strict neutrality. Since the beginning of Russia’s “special military operation” in Ukraine, Switzerland has joined the European Union-led (EU) efforts to impose sanctions against Moscow. While the Swiss, whose neutrality dates back to the 19th century, were able to defend their borders during World War II by making compromises with both Allied and Axis powers, it will be difficult to do so now. Since Switzerland is a member of the United Nations and the Russian invasion of Ukraine is seen as a violation of the UN charter. “For the first time in a long time we are facing a conflict in which a country has clearly violated the UN Charter as an aggressor and which activates the right to collective defense, and the question as to whether Switzerland should participate is very controversial,” Thomas Cottier, professor emeritus of European and international economic law at the University of Bern told Spanish newspaper El País. ALSO READ | Swiss exports to Russia dropped marginally, while pharma registered strong growth despite sanctions “Traditional neutrality is not sustainable, it’s not morally acceptable in my view,” said Social Democrat MP Jon Pult, earlier this year, as quoted by BBC. He added, “If Swiss neutrality means we’re somehow the advocates of international law and of the UN charter then I’m ok with neutrality, because then Switzerland can be a power of peace and freedom and rules-based world order.” Last month, Switzerland blocked Bern-headquartered Ruag AG from selling nearly 100 Leopard-1 tanks to Kyiv, which the Swiss cabinet said would go against the country’s laws. However, it was not related to a separate sale of Leopard-1 tanks of the Swiss army to the German company Rheinmetall AG. Under the proposed terms of the sale, these tanks cannot be sent to Ukraine but could be used to replace tanks that Germany is sending from its own stock. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Neutral Switzerland, Austria to join German-led European Sky Shield defence initiative

Switzerland has signed up for the Sky shield project, a body formed after the Ukraine war to promote defence cooperation. Does this move undermine Switzerland's policy of neutrality? Molly Gambhir reports.

Gravitas: Switzerland signs up for Sky Shield project

Rainforests are one of the most effective tools in mitigating global heating and halting biodiversity loss. But as per reports, in 2022, an area the size of Switzerland was cleared from Earth’s most pristine rainforests. This comes despite world leaders' promise to halt the destruction of forests and reverse deforestation by 2030. As per reports, the equivalents of 11 football pitches of primary rainforest were destroyed every minute last year. Tropical areas lost 4.1 million hectares of primary rainforest in 2022, an increase of around 10% from 2021.

Rainforests the size of Switzerland were destroyed in 2022, says report

In a major snub to Ukraine's war effort against Russia, Switzerland blocked Bern-headquartered Ruag AG from selling nearly 100 Leopard 1 tanks to Ukraine, it was revealed on Wednesday. The blocking of the sale, however, is not related to a separate sale of 25 Leopard 1&nbsp;tanks of the Swiss army to the German company Rheinmetall AG, Bloomberg reported.&nbsp;

The Swiss cabinet said that such a sale would be contrary to the country's War Material Act and would entail an adjustment of Switzerland's neutrality policy. The country’s current rules don’t allow for weapons manufactured in Switzerland to be delivered to countries at war or in an armed conflict.

In November 2022,&nbsp;the country&nbsp;imposed an embargo on Swiss munitions being sent to either Russia or Ukraine.

<h2>What exactly does Switzerland's blocking of Leopard 1&nbsp;tanks entail?</h2>

The rejection reportedly applies to 96 non-operational Leopard 1 tanks. These tanks, while belonging to the Swiss arms manufacturer Ruag AG, are currently stored at a facility in Italy.&nbsp;

It was proposed that the tanks would be refurbished in Germany and then sent to Ukraine.

<h2>Switzerland blocks arms sale to Ukraine: Why?</h2>

The Swiss government said that the arms sale request to Ukraine from a country-headquartered manufacturer is "inconsistent with applicable law", pointing to the principle of the Swiss neutrality — one of the main principles of Switzerland's foreign policy which dictates that Switzerland is not to be involved in armed or political conflicts between other states.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/ukraine-to-get-at-least-100-leopard-1-tanks-in-coming-months-559755">Ukraine to get at least 100 Leopard 1 tanks in 'coming months'</a>

This policy is self-imposed and designed to ensure external security and promote peace.

But the Swiss are some of the world's biggest arms manufacturers and suppliers.

Also watch |&nbsp;West mulls over giving German Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine

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There are about 1,000 Swiss defence manufacturers and suppliers, many owned by the US and European entities that annually sold some $2.57 billion worth of equipment annually, according to the Swiss ASD (Aeronautics, Security and Defence) figures cited by Breakingdefense&nbsp;portal.

Over the past many decades, the Swiss government has been cautious of ensuring that it is not seen as taking sides. The country has been neutral for about 208 years since the 1815 Treaty of Paris, signed after the second abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte that guaranteed Switzerland neutrality and &nbsp;perpetual independence from the French sphere of influence.

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In a major snub to Ukraine's war effort against Russia, Switzerland blocked Bern-headquartered Ruag AG from selling nearly 100 Leopard 1 tanks to Ukraine, it was revealed on Wednesday.

In a major snub to Ukraine's war effort against Russia, Switzerland blocked Bern-headquartered Ruag AG from selling nearly 100 Leopard 1 tanks to Ukraine, it was revealed on Wednesday. The blocking of the sale, however, is not related to a separate sale of 25 Leopard 1 tanks of the Swiss army to the German company Rheinmetall AG, Bloomberg reported. The Swiss cabinet said that such a sale would be contrary to the country's War Material Act and would entail an adjustment of Switzerland's neutrality policy. The country’s current rules don’t allow for weapons manufactured in Switzerland to be delivered to countries at war or in an armed conflict. In November 2022, the country imposed an embargo on Swiss munitions being sent to either Russia or Ukraine. What exactly does Switzerland's blocking of Leopard 1 tanks entail? The rejection reportedly applies to 96 non-operational Leopard 1 tanks. These tanks, while belonging to the Swiss arms manufacturer Ruag AG, are currently stored at a facility in Italy. It was proposed that the tanks would be refurbished in Germany and then sent to Ukraine. Switzerland blocks arms sale to Ukraine: Why? The Swiss government said that the arms sale request to Ukraine from a country-headquartered manufacturer is "inconsistent with applicable law", pointing to the principle of the Swiss neutrality — one of the main principles of Switzerland's foreign policy which dictates that Switzerland is not to be involved in armed or political conflicts between other states. Also read | Ukraine to get at least 100 Leopard 1 tanks in 'coming months' This policy is self-imposed and designed to ensure external security and promote peace. But the Swiss are some of the world's biggest arms manufacturers and suppliers. Also watch | West mulls over giving German Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine × There are about 1,000 Swiss defence manufacturers and suppliers, many owned by the US and European entities that annually sold some $2.57 billion worth of equipment annually, according to the Swiss ASD (Aeronautics, Security and Defence) figures cited by Breakingdefense portal. Over the past many decades, the Swiss government has been cautious of ensuring that it is not seen as taking sides. The country has been neutral for about 208 years since the 1815 Treaty of Paris, signed after the second abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte that guaranteed Switzerland neutrality and perpetual independence from the French sphere of influence. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

'Neutral' Switzerland blocks big arms sale to Ukraine, boosts Russian fortunes in ongoing war

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