ISRO is looking forward to an exciting 2025 with at least 10 rocket launch missions planned. The Indian space agency is also working towards ramping up the ability to produce rockets and components to match the growing requirements.

ISRO To Perform 10 Launches In 2025

ISRO's PSLV-C60 rocket successfully launched the SpaDex satellite, designed for an important space docking experiment. This mission marks a significant achievement in India’s space exploration efforts, advancing research in space technology and docking capabilities.

ISRO Successfully Launches SpaDeX Mission For Space Docking

After wrapping up 2024 with the launch of India's space docking experiment, ISRO is now heading to a busier 2025... ISRO is looking at more than 10 launches in the New Year... This also includes the maiden test flight of India's astronaut-carrying Gaganyaan rocket... For insights into what ISRO has lined up for 2025, WION's Sidharth. M.P speaks to ISRO Chief Dr. S. Somanath

ISRO Planning Over 10 Launches In 2025

ISRO Successfully Launches SpaDeX for Crucial Space Docking Experiment

ISRO's Final Mission Of 2024: SpaDex Satellites Take Off Successfully

ISRO PSLV-C60 Launches SpaDex For Critical Space Docking Experiment, Launches Successfully

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the PSLV-C59/ Proba-3 mission successfully today from Sriharikota. Watch here to learn more!

ISRO Successfully Launches ESA’s Proba-3 Mission To Study Sun’s Corona

The twin Proba-3 satellites which arrived from Europe to India&nbsp;a week ago, have successfully undergone their first phase of integration and testing at the Indian Spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre. According to the European Space Agency (ESA), the satellites were initially tested to confirm that they were unaffected by the journey from Europe and the subsequent 100 km road transport from the Chennai airport to the spaceport.&nbsp;

Further, the satellites were put through a fit check, where they are mated with the payload adapter – a mechanical component that attaches the satellites to the topmost portion of the rocket.&nbsp;

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
Over the last 1 week, this <a href="https://twitter.com/ESA_Tech?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@ESA_Tech</a> team was at the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> spaceport, assembling, testing, the Proba-3 spacecrafts and mating them to the PSLV payload adapter.. This phase of testing is successful.. 
 
Now, teams from Airbus, Redwire, Sener, Ariane will takeover.. Liftoff Dec4th <a href="https://t.co/nscDiEODXp">pic.twitter.com/nscDiEODXp</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1856999358148800856?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 14, 2024</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

"The Coronagraph satellite was carefully lowered and mated on the adapter. The clamp band holding the two together was then installed to ensure a perfect fit. The umbilical cables allowing the spacecraft to be monitored during fueling and launch were also put in place and tested to ensure they connected and, importantly, disconnected once the clamp band was opened again and the satellite separated from the adapter," ESA elaborated. While the Coronagraph spacecraft will sit atop the payload adapter, the second Proba-3 spacecraft (Occulter) will be mounted atop the Coronagraph spacecraft.&nbsp;

While such testing is routine for all missions, this is a crucial step to ensure that the satellite is perfectly interfaced with the rocket, and the satellite can flawlessly separate from the rocket at the desired time. In the case of the Proba-3 satellite, the craft is made by European firms, while the payload adapter for the PSLV rocket is made in India. Therefore, a 'fit check' has to be done to confirm that the spacecraft fits onto the adapter as designed. Only after this step can the spacecraft be fueled up.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwi_k67v69uJAxVyxzgGHfNBJSkQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-gears-up-for-space-handshake-spadex-private-firm-delivers-two-satellites-768653" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-gears-up-for-space-handshake-spadex-private-firm-delivers-two-satellites-768653&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi_k67v69uJAxVyxzgGHfNBJSkQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE">ISRO gears up for `Space handshake` SPADEX; private firm delivers two satellites</a>

Once in orbit, the disk-bearing Occulter spacecraft will block out the fiery face of the Sun to form an artificial solar eclipse in space, allowing sustained observations of the faint solar corona, where space weather and the solar wind originate, ESA added.&nbsp;

With the first phase of standalone test activities being completed successfully, ESA team members would hand the further tasks to teams from European private firms Redwire, Sener, Airbus (all of whom contributed hardware towards the mission), and the fueling team from ArianeGroup. If all goes well, Proba-3 will be launched on December 4&nbsp;aboard the PSLV-XL rocket.&nbsp;

<h2>What makes Proba-3 unique</h2>

Proba stands for ‘PRoject for OnBoard Autonomy’.&nbsp;

Proba-3 is the world’s first precision formation flying mission. It consists of two small satellites launched together that will separate apart to fly in tandem, to prepare for future multi-satellite missions flying as one virtual structure.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwi_k67v69uJAxVyxzgGHfNBJSkQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/world/four-nasa-astronauts-vote-from-space-with-absentee-ballots-773763" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/world/four-nasa-astronauts-vote-from-space-with-absentee-ballots-773763&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi_k67v69uJAxVyxzgGHfNBJSkQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAE">Four NASA astronauts vote from space with absentee ballots</a>

As a world first, its two satellites – the Coronagraph spacecraft and the Occulter spacecraft – will maintain formation to a few millimetres and arc second precision at distances of 144 m or more for six hours at a time. In effect, the pair will be forming a virtual giant satellite. This will be achieved autonomously, without relying on guidance from the ground.

<h2>What will Proba-3 study?</h2>

The solar corona (outermost part of the sun's atmosphere) has many mysteries associated with it. The solar corona is a million degrees warmer than the surface of the sun, and it is the origin of coronal mass ejections (highly charged particles) which can affect the functioning of satellites, or communication and power networks back on earth. There is immense scientific interest in better understanding the solar corona and related phenomena.&nbsp;

A Coronagraph is a device that can artificially block out the bright light of the sun, thereby enhancing the visibility of the faint corona. A solar eclipse, when the moon blocks out the sun, is a great natural opportunity to study the solar corona. But eclipses are rare and occur only for a few minutes.&nbsp;

The two Proba-3 satellites will be precisely aligned so that the Occulter spacecraft casts a shadow across the Coronagraph spacecraft, thereby enabling the visibility of the faint solar corona. If the two are not perfectly aligned, then the bright disc of the Sun will not be hidden from the instrument and the corona will be obscured by its bright light. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

<h2>Why is Proba-3 being launched from India?&nbsp;</h2>

India's PSLV-XL launcher was chosen to ferry Proba-3 satellites to space, as the European Space Agency (ESA) does not possess a medium-lift rocket that can launch the 550kg Proba-3 satellites into the desired orbit. The mass of the satellites is above the capability of ESA's Vega-C small rocket, while the large Ariane-6 rocket would be too costly for a mission of this kind. PSLV offers the perfect balance in terms of lift capability and cost. ESA will be paying around €30 million (approx Rs.271cr) to avail the launch services from ISRO's commercial arm NewSpace India Limited (NSIL).

The twin Proba-3 satellites which arrived from Europe to India a week ago, have successfully undergone their first phase of integration and testing at the Indian Spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

The twin Proba-3 satellites which arrived from Europe to India a week ago, have successfully undergone their first phase of integration and testing at the Indian Spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre. According to the European Space Agency (ESA), the satellites were initially tested to confirm that they were unaffected by the journey from Europe and the subsequent 100 km road transport from the Chennai airport to the spaceport. Further, the satellites were put through a fit check, where they are mated with the payload adapter – a mechanical component that attaches the satellites to the topmost portion of the rocket. Over the last 1 week, this @ESA_Tech team was at the #isro spaceport, assembling, testing, the Proba-3 spacecrafts and mating them to the PSLV payload adapter.. This phase of testing is successful.. Now, teams from Airbus, Redwire, Sener, Ariane will takeover.. Liftoff Dec4th pic.twitter.com/nscDiEODXp — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) November 14, 2024 × "The Coronagraph satellite was carefully lowered and mated on the adapter. The clamp band holding the two together was then installed to ensure a perfect fit. The umbilical cables allowing the spacecraft to be monitored during fueling and launch were also put in place and tested to ensure they connected and, importantly, disconnected once the clamp band was opened again and the satellite separated from the adapter," ESA elaborated. While the Coronagraph spacecraft will sit atop the payload adapter, the second Proba-3 spacecraft (Occulter) will be mounted atop the Coronagraph spacecraft. While such testing is routine for all missions, this is a crucial step to ensure that the satellite is perfectly interfaced with the rocket, and the satellite can flawlessly separate from the rocket at the desired time. In the case of the Proba-3 satellite, the craft is made by European firms, while the payload adapter for the PSLV rocket is made in India. Therefore, a 'fit check' has to be done to confirm that the spacecraft fits onto the adapter as designed. Only after this step can the spacecraft be fueled up. Also read: ISRO gears up for `Space handshake` SPADEX; private firm delivers two satellites Once in orbit, the disk-bearing Occulter spacecraft will block out the fiery face of the Sun to form an artificial solar eclipse in space, allowing sustained observations of the faint solar corona, where space weather and the solar wind originate, ESA added. With the first phase of standalone test activities being completed successfully, ESA team members would hand the further tasks to teams from European private firms Redwire, Sener, Airbus (all of whom contributed hardware towards the mission), and the fueling team from ArianeGroup. If all goes well, Proba-3 will be launched on December 4 aboard the PSLV-XL rocket. What makes Proba-3 unique Proba stands for ‘PRoject for OnBoard Autonomy’. Proba-3 is the world’s first precision formation flying mission. It consists of two small satellites launched together that will separate apart to fly in tandem, to prepare for future multi-satellite missions flying as one virtual structure. Also read: Four NASA astronauts vote from space with absentee ballots As a world first, its two satellites – the Coronagraph spacecraft and the Occulter spacecraft – will maintain formation to a few millimetres and arc second precision at distances of 144 m or more for six hours at a time. In effect, the pair will be forming a virtual giant satellite. This will be achieved autonomously, without relying on guidance from the ground. What will Proba-3 study? The solar corona (outermost part of the sun's atmosphere) has many mysteries associated with it. The solar corona is a million degrees warmer than the surface of the sun, and it is the origin of coronal mass ejections (highly charged particles) which can affect the functioning of satellites, or communication and power networks back on earth. There is immense scientific interest in better understanding the solar corona and related phenomena. A Coronagraph is a device that can artificially block out the bright light of the sun, thereby enhancing the visibility of the faint corona. A solar eclipse, when the moon blocks out the sun, is a great natural opportunity to study the solar corona. But eclipses are rare and occur only for a few minutes. The two Proba-3 satellites will be precisely aligned so that the Occulter spacecraft casts a shadow across the Coronagraph spacecraft, thereby enabling the visibility of the faint solar corona. If the two are not perfectly aligned, then the bright disc of the Sun will not be hidden from the instrument and the corona will be obscured by its bright light. Why is Proba-3 being launched from India? India's PSLV-XL launcher was chosen to ferry Proba-3 satellites to space, as the European Space Agency (ESA) does not possess a medium-lift rocket that can launch the 550kg Proba-3 satellites into the desired orbit. The mass of the satellites is above the capability of ESA's Vega-C small rocket, while the large Ariane-6 rocket would be too costly for a mission of this kind. PSLV offers the perfect balance in terms of lift capability and cost. ESA will be paying around €30 million (approx Rs.271cr) to avail the launch services from ISRO's commercial arm NewSpace India Limited (NSIL).

At Indian spaceport, Europe's Proba-3 clears 'fit check' ahead of Dec 4 launch

In an archaeological breakthrough spy satellite imagery has led to the site of a Seventh century battle in present day Iraq.

U.S. Spy Satellite Images Help Discover Ancient Battle Site

Starlink, SpaceX’s satellite internet service, is setting its sights on India’s booming space economy, with plans to tap into the country’s rapidly expanding demand for broadband connectivity. As India continues to emerge as a key player in global space exploration and technology, Starlink’s move signals an increasing interest in the region's potential for growth in both satellite communications and space-related innovations.

Indian Space Economy On Starlink’s Radar as Company Eyes Expansion In Growing Market

WION has learnt that the twin satellites of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Proba-3 mission arrived at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Indian Spaceport) in Sriharikota, Southern India, during the early hours of Wednesday, 6th November.

WION has learnt that the twin satellites of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Proba-3 mission arrived at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Indian Spaceport) in Sriharikota, Southern India, during the early hours of Wednesday, 6th November. Over the next four weeks, the spacecraft will undergo final assembly, integration and testing, ahead of its planned December 4th launch on the Indian PSLV rocket. In its 30 years of operation, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle has launched more than 300 foreign-origin satellites, raking in millions for the commercial arm of the Indian space agency. The Proba-3 satellites were flown to the Chennai airport from Liege, Belgium, following which they were trucked to the spaceport at Sriharikota. European Space Agency's teams, present at the Indian spaceport, will now prepare the satellite for its planned launch on December 4th. Originally, the satellites were meant to arrive in India on 21st October and then be readied for a launch by November-end. However, there had been a delay owing to administrative reasons at ESA. "Consequentially the launch date of November 30th will not be met. The new launch date has not been confirmed but the goal is to launch in December,” an ESA Spokesperson responded to WION's query. It is learnt that ISRO and ESA are now looking at launching PSLV-C59/Proba-3 on December 4th, if all goes well. What makes Proba-3 unique Proba stands for ‘PRoject for OnBoard Autonomy’. Proba-3 is the world’s first precision formation flying mission. It consists of two small satellites launched together that will separate apart to fly in tandem, to prepare for future multi-satellite missions flying as one virtual structure. Also read: 'Samosa Caucus' expands: Six Indian Americans elected to US House of Representatives As a world first, its two satellites –the Coronagraph spacecraft and the Occulter spacecraft –will maintain formation to a few millimetres and arc second precision at distances of 144 m or more for six hours at a time. In effect, the pair will be forming a virtual giant satellite. And this will be achieved autonomously, without relying on guidance from the ground. What will Proba-3 study? The solar corona (the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere) has many mysteries associated with it. The solar corona is a million degrees warmer than the surface of the sun, and it is the origin of coronal mass ejections (highly charged particles), which can affect the functioning of satellites or communication and power networks back on earth. There is immense scientific interest in better understanding the solar corona and related phenomena. A Coronagraph is a device that can artificially block out the bright light of the sun, thereby enhancing the visibility of the faint corona. A solar eclipse, when the moon blocks out the sun, is a great natural opportunity to study the solar corona. But eclipses are rare and occur only for a few minutes. The two Proba-3 satellites will be precisely aligned so that the Occulter spacecraft casts a shadow across the Coronagraph spacecraft, thereby enabling the visibility of the faint solar corona. If the two are not perfectly aligned, then the bright disc of the Sun will not be hidden from the instrument, and the corona will be obscured by its bright light. Why is Proba-3 being launched from India? India's PSLV-XL launcher was chosen to ferry Proba-3 satellites to space, as the European Space Agency (ESA) does not possess a medium-lift rocket that can launch the 550 kg Proba-3 satellites into the desired orbit. The mass of the satellites is above the capability of ESA's Vega-C small rocket, while the large Ariane-6 rocket would be too costly for a mission of this kind. PSLV offers the perfect balance in terms of lift capability and cost. ESA will be paying around € 30 million (approx Rs. 271 crore) to avail the launch services from ISRO's commercial arm NewSpace India Limited (NSIL).

Proba-3 satellites arrive at ISRO Spaceport; 4th Dec launch on PSLV rocket

SpaceX’s Starship 5 could launch as early as October 13, 2024, marking another major step in the company's ambitions for deep space exploration and Mars colonization. However, CEO Elon Musk has expressed frustration over delays in the program, criticizing regulatory and technical hurdles that have slowed progress. Starship, designed as a fully reusable spacecraft, aims to revolutionize space travel by making missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond more affordable. While the upcoming launch could be a milestone, Musk’s comments reflect the challenges SpaceX faces in meeting its ambitious timelines.

SpaceX Starship 5 Could Launch As Soon As Oct 13, Musk Criticizes Delays

Putting humans on Mars and then ensuring they survive would require a lot of effort since the red planet is very different from Earth. This includes ensuring that everything works in an optimal way.&nbsp;

Energy would be one of the primary requirements, but carrying the relevant infrastructure from Earth to Mars isn't feasible. China has now come up with a solution which can ensure a consistent energy source for bases, rovers, and other equipment needed to explore and live on Mars.

A team of scientists from the University of Science and Technology of China has come up with a unique battery that can harness the Martian atmosphere as fuel during discharge.&nbsp;

"This approach significantly reduces the battery’s weight, making it more suitable for space missions," researchers stated in the press release.&nbsp;

The martian atmosphere contains carbon dioxide (95.32%), nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%), oxygen (0.13%), and carbon monoxide (0.08%). Its day and night temperatures vary by around 60 degrees Celsius. The battery needed to perfectly work in these conditions.

Scientists showed in the study how "Mars batteries" can work in actual Martian conditions. It was published in the journal Science Bulletin.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/do-you-see-it-human-face-spotted-on-mars-is-totally-relatable-it-is-really-just-a-765777">Do you see it? Human face spotted on Mars is totally relatable. It is really just a...</a>

The battery can directly use the gases in the Martian atmosphere as its fuel source. The Mars battery continuously reacts with the chemicals using the gases as fuel. This avoids the need to store energy like a regular battery.&nbsp;

When being discharged, the battery’s electrodes come in contact with the Martian gases, creating a chemical reaction that produces electricity. When depleted, solar or nuclear energy can be used to recharge it.

"Once depleted, the battery can be recharged using solar energy harvested from the Martian surface, enabling it to be prepared for subsequent discharges," the press release stated.&nbsp;

It has a charge/discharge cycle life of 1,375 hours, which is around two Martian months.&nbsp;

As stated above, Mars goes through extreme temperature fluctuations. The research states that this battery can withstand the harsh conditions of Mars. To ensure it works well on the red planet, the team simulated the temperature variations.&nbsp;

They found the battery could operate even at the freezing point of 0°C (32 Fahrenheit) and exhibited an energy density of 373.9 Wh/kg at this temperature level.

Researchers now aim to develop solid-state Mars batteries that can withstand low pressure and lead to the development of advanced space exploration systems.

Putting humans on Mars and then ensuring they survive would require a lot of effort since the red planet is very different from Earth. This includes ensuring that everything works in an optimal way.

Putting humans on Mars and then ensuring they survive would require a lot of effort since the red planet is very different from Earth. This includes ensuring that everything works in an optimal way. Energy would be one of the primary requirements, but carrying the relevant infrastructure from Earth to Mars isn't feasible. China has now come up with a solution which can ensure a consistent energy source for bases, rovers, and other equipment needed to explore and live on Mars. A team of scientists from the University of Science and Technology of China has come up with a unique battery that can harness the Martian atmosphere as fuel during discharge. "This approach significantly reduces the battery’s weight, making it more suitable for space missions," researchers stated in the press release. The martian atmosphere contains carbon dioxide (95.32%), nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%), oxygen (0.13%), and carbon monoxide (0.08%). Its day and night temperatures vary by around 60 degrees Celsius. The battery needed to perfectly work in these conditions. Scientists showed in the study how "Mars batteries" can work in actual Martian conditions. It was published in the journal Science Bulletin. Also Read: Do you see it? Human face spotted on Mars is totally relatable. It is really just a... The battery can directly use the gases in the Martian atmosphere as its fuel source. The Mars battery continuously reacts with the chemicals using the gases as fuel. This avoids the need to store energy like a regular battery. When being discharged, the battery’s electrodes come in contact with the Martian gases, creating a chemical reaction that produces electricity. When depleted, solar or nuclear energy can be used to recharge it. "Once depleted, the battery can be recharged using solar energy harvested from the Martian surface, enabling it to be prepared for subsequent discharges," the press release stated. It has a charge/discharge cycle life of 1,375 hours, which is around two Martian months. As stated above, Mars goes through extreme temperature fluctuations. The research states that this battery can withstand the harsh conditions of Mars. To ensure it works well on the red planet, the team simulated the temperature variations. They found the battery could operate even at the freezing point of 0°C (32 Fahrenheit) and exhibited an energy density of 373.9 Wh/kg at this temperature level. Researchers now aim to develop solid-state Mars batteries that can withstand low pressure and lead to the development of advanced space exploration systems.

Scientists reveal Mars battery that can operate for months on a single charge

NASA Astronaut Sunita Williams will cast her vote for 2024 US Presidential elections approximately 400 kms above the earth surface from aboard International Space Station. However, she won't be the first astronaut to vote from space after a Texas law in 1997 enabled NASA astronauts to cast ballots from orbit.

US Elections 2024: NASA Astronaut Sunita Williams To Vote From Space

Scientists believe that an unexplored portion of our solar system might host liquid oceans and conditions ripe for life. More and more planetary scientists have been calling for a mission to Uranus and its moons.&nbsp;

Till now, only&nbsp;Jupiter's and Saturn's moons have been on the radar in this area, and likely possess subsurface liquid-water oceans. Jovian moon Europa and the Saturnian moon Enceladus, have been an area of interest in this regard. They are not in the "Goldilocks zone", which is the optimal distance from a star at which liquid water can exist on a world's surface.&nbsp;

However, they are considered ripe candidates to check for habitable conditions based on the theory that life can probably emerge inside the water bodies when heated through various mechanisms.&nbsp;

In this scenario, Uranus has now also caught the attention of several scientists. Scientists point to telltale signs suggesting several Uranus moons have internal liquid oceans and chemical compositions that could be favourable to life.&nbsp;

Planetary scientists have talked about Uranus and its moons in a recent paper. They suggest sending spacecraft to these moons and looking for signs indicating habitability and how these worlds formed and evolved.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/rare-deep-sea-creature-seen-walking-on-13-foot-long-legs-at-depth-of-10800-feet-763813">Rare deep-sea creature seen walking on 13-foot-long legs at depth of 10,800 feet</a>

"The most exciting prospect at the (Uranian) moons is that they could still host subsurface oceans at present. It is a low probability for some of them, so if the mission does find oceans in all/most of them, then it will help better understand what mechanisms help keep the interiors of these moons warm," says Julie Castillo-Rogez, a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.&nbsp;

<h2>Conditions favourable for life on Uranus' moons?</h2>

When NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by the Uranian system in 1986, it collected data which was reanalysed by a team led by Castillo-Rogez in 2022. The team studied five of Uranus' largest moons — Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon and Miranda. The radius and density of these moons were studied, along with other factors, and the team found that Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon might hold internal liquid oceans between their cores and icy crust.&nbsp;

However, since the Uranus system is extremely far from the sun, Castillo-Rogez believes that the main source of heat for these moons "comes from the decay of radioactive elements, specifically potassium, uranium and thorium", he told Space.com.

Further, there is evidence that Miranda and Ariel witnessed geologic activity, like tectonics and ice volcanoes, 100 million to 1 billion years ago.&nbsp;

Experts say that a mission to Uranus can investigate the internal thermal conditions on the moons, as they play a massive role in the functioning of life. It can also learn about salinity, since if the liquid oceans are too salty, life may not be able to survive there. Life forms would also need a steady source of chemical energy since any life here would reside in the interiors to avoid radiation and be close to the water.&nbsp;

Scientists believe that an unexplored portion of our solar system might host liquid oceans and conditions ripe for life. More and more planetary scientists have been calling for a mission to Uranus and its moons.

Scientists believe that an unexplored portion of our solar system might host liquid oceans and conditions ripe for life. More and more planetary scientists have been calling for a mission to Uranus and its moons. Till now, only Jupiter's and Saturn's moons have been on the radar in this area, and likely possess subsurface liquid-water oceans. Jovian moon Europa and the Saturnian moon Enceladus, have been an area of interest in this regard. They are not in the "Goldilocks zone", which is the optimal distance from a star at which liquid water can exist on a world's surface. However, they are considered ripe candidates to check for habitable conditions based on the theory that life can probably emerge inside the water bodies when heated through various mechanisms. In this scenario, Uranus has now also caught the attention of several scientists. Scientists point to telltale signs suggesting several Uranus moons have internal liquid oceans and chemical compositions that could be favourable to life. Planetary scientists have talked about Uranus and its moons in a recent paper. They suggest sending spacecraft to these moons and looking for signs indicating habitability and how these worlds formed and evolved. Also Read: Rare deep-sea creature seen walking on 13-foot-long legs at depth of 10,800 feet "The most exciting prospect at the (Uranian) moons is that they could still host subsurface oceans at present. It is a low probability for some of them, so if the mission does find oceans in all/most of them, then it will help better understand what mechanisms help keep the interiors of these moons warm," says Julie Castillo-Rogez, a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Conditions favourable for life on Uranus' moons? When NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by the Uranian system in 1986, it collected data which was reanalysed by a team led by Castillo-Rogez in 2022. The team studied five of Uranus' largest moons — Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon and Miranda. The radius and density of these moons were studied, along with other factors, and the team found that Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon might hold internal liquid oceans between their cores and icy crust. However, since the Uranus system is extremely far from the sun, Castillo-Rogez believes that the main source of heat for these moons "comes from the decay of radioactive elements, specifically potassium, uranium and thorium", he told Space.com. Further, there is evidence that Miranda and Ariel witnessed geologic activity, like tectonics and ice volcanoes, 100 million to 1 billion years ago. Experts say that a mission to Uranus can investigate the internal thermal conditions on the moons, as they play a massive role in the functioning of life. It can also learn about salinity, since if the liquid oceans are too salty, life may not be able to survive there. Life forms would also need a steady source of chemical energy since any life here would reside in the interiors to avoid radiation and be close to the water.

Uranus' moons might host liquid oceans with conditions ripe for life

India's Chandrayaan-3 mission has achieved another remarkable success by discovering a key geological feature on the Moon. Following the successful deployment of its Pragyan rover at the Moon’s south pole in 2023, the mission has now captured images of a buried ancient crater measuring 160 kilometers wide near its landing site.

Chandrayaan-3: Pragyan Rover Discovers Ancient 160 Km Crater On Moon

AST spacemobile, the tiny telecom company that wants to compete with spacex, has become one of the hottest stocks in the world this year after soaring to 28 dollars per share from 2 dollars a share in just six months.

SpaceX's tiny rival AST Spacemobile shares soar

The Sun has had the largest number of sunspots in over 20 years this month, according to the US agencies observing the star.

The estimated Sunspot Number or SNN for 8 August may have reached 299, said the US Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) in Boulder, Colorado.

This is the largest number since at least July 2002, it said on its website.&nbsp;These sunspots occurred in a 24-hour period.

The current solar cycle, which is numbered as Solar Cycle 25, "likely reached its highest SSN thus far on August 8, a value of perhaps 299," it said. A solar cycle, estimated to last 11 years, is how the Sun alternates between its so-called solar minimum and solar maximum.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/volcanic-eruption-in-536-spewed-so-much-ash-that-it-went-dark-for-18-months-749711">Volcanic eruption in 536 spewed so much ash that Sun didn't shine for 18 months</a>

The official SSN data is released by global agencies in September, though 299 appears to be a possible number. The final number will come from the World Data Center - Sunspot Index and Long-Term Solar Observations (WDC-SILSO).

In fact, the SWPC had recorded the SSN higher at 337, a value not observed since March 2001.&nbsp;

<h2>What are sun spots?</h2>

Each sunspot is the size of the whole earth. These are relatively darker areas on the Sun.&nbsp;

The rotations of the Sun in each solar cycle lead to areas of magnetic energy on the star. When these areas are very strong, they become visible as sunspots.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the result of sunspots?</h2>

Sunspots have strong magnetic fields that cause coronal mass ejections or CMEs.&nbsp;CMEs release large amounts of plasma and magnetic fields&nbsp;from&nbsp;the Sun's corona region.&nbsp;

These cause solar flares that send out electromagnetic radiation and are experienced as geomagnetic 'solar storms' on Earth.

As sunspots increase, a corresponding rise in solar flares&nbsp;is observed.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-strange-highway-formed-between-sun-and-earth-in-2023-nasa-says-747914">Aurora on Sun? It happened in 2023 when Earth spewed back particles</a>

Warnings were issued for geomagnetic storms&nbsp;in the August 11-12 period, around the time when sunspots were estimated at the highest since 2002. 
 
"Solar Cycle 25 is proving to be much more active than originally forecast by the scientist experts who predicted the cycle back in 2019 or so," Space.com quoted Shawn Dahl of SWPC as saying.

The Solar Cycle 25 has already caused intense geomagnetic storms, and auroras on Earth.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The Sun has had the largest number of sunspots in over 20 years this month, according to the US agencies observing the star. The estimated Sunspot Number or SNN for 8 August may have reached 299, said the US Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) in Boulder, Colorado.

The Sun has had the largest number of sunspots in over 20 years this month, according to the US agencies observing the star. The estimated Sunspot Number or SNN for 8 August may have reached 299, said the US Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) in Boulder, Colorado. This is the largest number since at least July 2002, it said on its website. These sunspots occurred in a 24-hour period. The current solar cycle, which is numbered as Solar Cycle 25, "likely reached its highest SSN thus far on August 8, a value of perhaps 299," it said. A solar cycle, estimated to last 11 years, is how the Sun alternates between its so-called solar minimum and solar maximum. Also read | Volcanic eruption in 536 spewed so much ash that Sun didn't shine for 18 months The official SSN data is released by global agencies in September, though 299 appears to be a possible number. The final number will come from the World Data Center - Sunspot Index and Long-Term Solar Observations (WDC-SILSO). In fact, the SWPC had recorded the SSN higher at 337, a value not observed since March 2001. What are sun spots? Each sunspot is the size of the whole earth. These are relatively darker areas on the Sun. The rotations of the Sun in each solar cycle lead to areas of magnetic energy on the star. When these areas are very strong, they become visible as sunspots. What is the result of sunspots? Sunspots have strong magnetic fields that cause coronal mass ejections or CMEs. CMEs release large amounts of plasma and magnetic fields from the Sun's corona region. These cause solar flares that send out electromagnetic radiation and are experienced as geomagnetic 'solar storms' on Earth. As sunspots increase, a corresponding rise in solar flares is observed. Also read | Aurora on Sun? It happened in 2023 when Earth spewed back particles Warnings were issued for geomagnetic storms in the August 11-12 period, around the time when sunspots were estimated at the highest since 2002. "Solar Cycle 25 is proving to be much more active than originally forecast by the scientist experts who predicted the cycle back in 2019 or so," Space.com quoted Shawn Dahl of SWPC as saying. The Solar Cycle 25 has already caused intense geomagnetic storms, and auroras on Earth. (With inputs from agencies)

The Sun probably just had the largest number of sunspots in over 20 years: What does it mean?

A fireball from the Perseid meteor shower was captured in vivid detail, firing up the skies above the Ohrid lake&nbsp;in Macedonia this week. Perseid meteor shower, an annual phenomenon of comet particles burning up in the skies, peaked in the second week of August.

The Macedonian skies witnessed the fireball from the Perseid meteor shower at 1:03 am local time on Tuesday (Aug 13). It was captured in a set of cameras set up by videographer&nbsp;Stojan Stojanovski.

Stojanovski runs the YouTube channel Ohrid Info, which shares videos and information about Ohrid, Macedonia, famous for Lake Ohrid.&nbsp;

Most of these videos are from 24-hour live cameras set up in the Ohrid region.

Watch the meteor shower captured in the cameras set up by Ohrid Info across Lake Ohrid:

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HHfjDrkvVKE?si=xDAg_bIzDc3Qp_bc" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

 
"The video with the meteor is incredible. We see in the video 7 seconds of a falling meteor. I love technology today," Stojanovski was quoted as saying by Space.com.

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/are-satellites-and-astronauts-in-space-in-danger-due-to-perseid-meteor-shower-heres-the-truth-747628">Are satellites and astronauts in space in danger due to Perseid meteor shower? Here's the truth</a> 
 
Watch: Stunning Perseid Meteor shower dazzles in night sky over Bosnia

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/stunning-perseid-meteor-shower-dazzles-in-night-sky-over-bosnia-749843/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

 
Stojanovski set up the camera network in 2018, in association with local hotels and businesses, to promote tourism in the Ohrid region of Macedonia.

"The 180-degree point-of-view cameras in the future will catch more meteors I hope," Space.com quoted Stojanovski as saying.

<h2>What is Perseid meteor shower?</h2>

Perseid meteor shower is a bunch of shooting stars that pass through the Earth annually. It is the ice and space rock debris from the comet 'Swift-Tuttle,' which had passed by Earth in 1992.&nbsp;

The Perseids become clearly visible from mid-July to late August, mainly in skies above the northern Hemisphere.

The peak activity was recorded this year between August 11 and 12.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A fireball from the Perseid meteor shower was captured in vivid detail, firing up the skies above the Ohrid lake in Macedonia this week. Perseid meteor shower, an annual phenomenon of comet particles burning up in the skies, peaked in the second week of August.

A fireball from the Perseid meteor shower was captured in vivid detail, firing up the skies above the Ohrid lake in Macedonia this week. Perseid meteor shower, an annual phenomenon of comet particles burning up in the skies, peaked in the second week of August. The Macedonian skies witnessed the fireball from the Perseid meteor shower at 1:03 am local time on Tuesday (Aug 13). It was captured in a set of cameras set up by videographer Stojan Stojanovski. Stojanovski runs the YouTube channel Ohrid Info, which shares videos and information about Ohrid, Macedonia, famous for Lake Ohrid. Most of these videos are from 24-hour live cameras set up in the Ohrid region. Watch the meteor shower captured in the cameras set up by Ohrid Info across Lake Ohrid: × "The video with the meteor is incredible. We see in the video 7 seconds of a falling meteor. I love technology today," Stojanovski was quoted as saying by Space.com. Also read: Are satellites and astronauts in space in danger due to Perseid meteor shower? Here's the truth Watch: Stunning Perseid Meteor shower dazzles in night sky over Bosnia × Stojanovski set up the camera network in 2018, in association with local hotels and businesses, to promote tourism in the Ohrid region of Macedonia. "The 180-degree point-of-view cameras in the future will catch more meteors I hope," Space.com quoted Stojanovski as saying. What is Perseid meteor shower? Perseid meteor shower is a bunch of shooting stars that pass through the Earth annually. It is the ice and space rock debris from the comet 'Swift-Tuttle,' which had passed by Earth in 1992. The Perseids become clearly visible from mid-July to late August, mainly in skies above the northern Hemisphere. The peak activity was recorded this year between August 11 and 12. (With inputs from agencies)

Perseid meteor shower fireball caught on camera in skies above Macedonia: Watch

Scientists have pounced upon a scary theory according to which the universe shouldn't exist at all, and neither should we. In their quest to learn about how everything came into existence, several scientific models are created. They are based on hints and clues we find in the cosmos and man's understanding of it. It's all maths and physics and is bound to keep evolving with new pieces added to it. A study has challenged several such models saying that if most of them were true, the universe should have annihilated a long time ago.&nbsp;

They base their research on primordial black holes and the Higgs boson particle. Why do we exist? The answer can largely be attributed to the existence of the Higgs field. Similar to electricity or magnetism, this field gives everything mass. So if it weren't to exist, we wouldn't exist. But, experts say that it is not at its "lowest possible energy state", and if it fell to its lowest point "it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.”

Lucien Heurtier, a researcher on the study, in an article for The Conversation says, "The Higgs field isn’t likely to be in the lowest possible energy state it could be in. That means it could theoretically change its state, dropping to a lower energy state in a certain location. If that happened, however, it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.”

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-plan-life-bank-on-moon-to-save-dying-species-on-earth-heres-how-748397">Scientists plan 'life bank' on Moon to save dying species on Earth. Here's how</a>

If this happens, little “bubbles” of space will form which won't conform to current laws of physics. “In such a bubble, the mass of electrons would suddenly change, and so would its interactions with other particles. Protons and neutrons—which make up the atomic nucleus and are made of quarks—would suddenly dislocate. Essentially, anybody experiencing such a change would likely no longer be able to report it.”

<h2>The problem with&nbsp;primordial black holes</h2>

The problem with existing models arises when primordial black holes are taken into consideration. They are hypothetical objects much smaller than current black holes. As per current theories, they formed in the second right after the Big Bang and without a supernova because of extremely dense regions in the universe that likely collapsed in on themselves.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/from-big-bang-theory-to-toddlerhood-exploring-universes-early-stages-727667/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

&nbsp;

Current models say that these black holes evaporated quickly, but according to Heurtier and his team, they would have had a massive effect on the Higgs field. They say if primordial black holes ever existed, there would have been tiny bubbles everywhere. So many of these bubbles would have existed that the study says nothing should have ever formed. So if all the current models are true, the universe would have annihilated itself.

<h2>Then how did everything originate?&nbsp;</h2>

The study says cites two reasons. One, that all models are wrong and that primordial black holes never existed, since we know that the Higgs field is present. The second scenario is that may be Physics is missing something and that humans likely still don't understand how the Higgs field works.

Scientists have pounced upon a scary theory according to which the universe shouldn't exist at all, and neither should we. In their quest to learn about how everything came into existence, several scientific models are created.

Scientists have pounced upon a scary theory according to which the universe shouldn't exist at all, and neither should we. In their quest to learn about how everything came into existence, several scientific models are created. They are based on hints and clues we find in the cosmos and man's understanding of it. It's all maths and physics and is bound to keep evolving with new pieces added to it. A study has challenged several such models saying that if most of them were true, the universe should have annihilated a long time ago. They base their research on primordial black holes and the Higgs boson particle. Why do we exist? The answer can largely be attributed to the existence of the Higgs field. Similar to electricity or magnetism, this field gives everything mass. So if it weren't to exist, we wouldn't exist. But, experts say that it is not at its "lowest possible energy state", and if it fell to its lowest point "it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.” Lucien Heurtier, a researcher on the study, in an article for The Conversation says, "The Higgs field isn’t likely to be in the lowest possible energy state it could be in. That means it could theoretically change its state, dropping to a lower energy state in a certain location. If that happened, however, it would alter the laws of physics dramatically.” Also Read: Scientists plan 'life bank' on Moon to save dying species on Earth. Here's how If this happens, little “bubbles” of space will form which won't conform to current laws of physics. “In such a bubble, the mass of electrons would suddenly change, and so would its interactions with other particles. Protons and neutrons—which make up the atomic nucleus and are made of quarks—would suddenly dislocate. Essentially, anybody experiencing such a change would likely no longer be able to report it.” The problem with primordial black holes The problem with existing models arises when primordial black holes are taken into consideration. They are hypothetical objects much smaller than current black holes. As per current theories, they formed in the second right after the Big Bang and without a supernova because of extremely dense regions in the universe that likely collapsed in on themselves. Watch: From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages × Current models say that these black holes evaporated quickly, but according to Heurtier and his team, they would have had a massive effect on the Higgs field. They say if primordial black holes ever existed, there would have been tiny bubbles everywhere. So many of these bubbles would have existed that the study says nothing should have ever formed. So if all the current models are true, the universe would have annihilated itself. Then how did everything originate? The study says cites two reasons. One, that all models are wrong and that primordial black holes never existed, since we know that the Higgs field is present. The second scenario is that may be Physics is missing something and that humans likely still don't understand how the Higgs field works.

Universe should have killed itself right after Big Bang, new study suggests

Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore, the NASA astronauts stuck aboard the International Space Station for two months now, received a terrible jolt on Wednesday. As per the space agency's latest plan, the two of them are staring at a massive delay in their return trip which might not happen before February 2025.

Sunita and Butch launched into space on Boeing's Starliner, its first crewed mission, in June this year. However, the spacecraft developed several issues which NASA has been trying to fix for the longest time.&nbsp;

According to a contingency plan announced by NASA, a two-person crew will be launched on SpaceX's Crew-9 mission in September.

However, it won't be until months later that the crew will return. Starliner's thrusters have developed problems along with helium leaks, leading to concerns that a return trip might prove disastrous. However, Boeing is not doubting the Starliner and had earlier said that it "remains confident in the Starliner spacecraft and its ability to return safely with the crew".&nbsp;

The thruster issue is the main problem facing the Starliner which had issues while docking with the space station. A design flaw is causing the propulsion devices to overheat.

There are four thrusters fitted around the circumference of the rocket in propulsion pods, which NASA officials call "doghouses". These create a thermos-like insulation due to which the heat remains caught inside, causing them to overheat.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/boeing-starliner-is-facing-a-hot-doghouse-problem-and-nasa-is-working-to-fix-it-740082">A 'hot doghouse' problem is plaguing Boeing Starliner and NASA is working to fix it</a>

"What we have found in this flight is we have fired the thrusters more than expected, and I would say more frequently," explained Steve Stich, NASA's commercial crew programme manager.&nbsp;

<h2>Boeing and Starliner problems</h2>

Boeing has been marred with a host of problems owing to technical issues with its commercial aeroplanes. Boeing has also pleaded guilty to a criminal fraud conspiracy charge in its fatal 737 MAX crashes.

The two crashes in total claimed the lives of 346 people in Ethiopia as well as Indonesia more than five years ago. This, along with other turbulence and mechanical issues, has cost Boeing at least $3 billion.

WATCH:&nbsp;Boeing Starliner: Sunita Williams, Barry Wilmore address press over return delays

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-boeing-starliner-sunita-williams-barry-wilmore-address-press-over-return-delays-740044/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

However, NASA entered a $4.2 billion contract with Boeing to build Starliner which would carry astronauts to the ISS. However, the original launch was delayed due to helium leaks in May. Later on June 1, the launch was again aborted at the last minute by a computer abort system. Starliner finally took off on June 5 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.&nbsp;

Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore, the NASA astronauts stuck aboard the International Space Station for two months now, received a terrible jolt on Wednesday. As per the space agency's latest plan, the two of them are staring at a massive delay in their return trip which might not happen before February 2025.

Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore, the NASA astronauts stuck aboard the International Space Station for two months now, received a terrible jolt on Wednesday. As per the space agency's latest plan, the two of them are staring at a massive delay in their return trip which might not happen before February 2025. Sunita and Butch launched into space on Boeing's Starliner, its first crewed mission, in June this year. However, the spacecraft developed several issues which NASA has been trying to fix for the longest time. According to a contingency plan announced by NASA, a two-person crew will be launched on SpaceX's Crew-9 mission in September. However, it won't be until months later that the crew will return. Starliner's thrusters have developed problems along with helium leaks, leading to concerns that a return trip might prove disastrous. However, Boeing is not doubting the Starliner and had earlier said that it "remains confident in the Starliner spacecraft and its ability to return safely with the crew". The thruster issue is the main problem facing the Starliner which had issues while docking with the space station. A design flaw is causing the propulsion devices to overheat. There are four thrusters fitted around the circumference of the rocket in propulsion pods, which NASA officials call "doghouses". These create a thermos-like insulation due to which the heat remains caught inside, causing them to overheat. Also Read: A 'hot doghouse' problem is plaguing Boeing Starliner and NASA is working to fix it "What we have found in this flight is we have fired the thrusters more than expected, and I would say more frequently," explained Steve Stich, NASA's commercial crew programme manager. Boeing and Starliner problems Boeing has been marred with a host of problems owing to technical issues with its commercial aeroplanes. Boeing has also pleaded guilty to a criminal fraud conspiracy charge in its fatal 737 MAX crashes. The two crashes in total claimed the lives of 346 people in Ethiopia as well as Indonesia more than five years ago. This, along with other turbulence and mechanical issues, has cost Boeing at least $3 billion. WATCH: Boeing Starliner: Sunita Williams, Barry Wilmore address press over return delays × However, NASA entered a $4.2 billion contract with Boeing to build Starliner which would carry astronauts to the ISS. However, the original launch was delayed due to helium leaks in May. Later on June 1, the launch was again aborted at the last minute by a computer abort system. Starliner finally took off on June 5 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

Sunita Williams won't return to Earth before 2025. Details

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid. It has a surface temperature of around 870 degrees Fahrenheit on average caused by the carbon dioxide&nbsp;levels present in the atmosphere.

But scientists have now discovered surface features like faults, folds and volcanoes on the hellish planet, indicating that it was once tectonically active. Tectonic activity is what created continents on Earth and is a phenomenon only seen on our planet till now. But scientists say that the presence of plateaus known as "tesserae" on the Venusian surface means that the planet witnessed intense tectonic activity billions of years ago.&nbsp;

Research leader Fabio Capitanio from the Monash University School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment said in a statement, "We did not expect Venus, with its scorching 860 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius) surface temperature and lack of plate tectonics, to possess such complex geological features."

He says that the "study [done in collaboration with NASA] challenges our understanding of how planets evolve."

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mysterious-5000-mile-wall-of-acid-filled-clouds-hovering-over-venus-745233">Mysterious 5,000-mile wall of acid-filled clouds hovering over surface of Venus</a>

The lithosphere, the rigid outer layer of a planet's crust, comprises a number of large plates. When these plates move around in different ways, the actions help to shape a planet. Venus has a stagnant lithosphere, or "stagnant lid". This means that it only has a single plate with minimal movement. Some experts believe that Venus, early in its history, had limited tectonic movement and over a period transitioned to the stagnant lid model that exists today.&nbsp;

<h2>Ishtar Terra highlands on Venus</h2>

To investigate further, scientists studied the formations on Venus called the Ishtar Terra highlands. It has "an Australia-sized crustal plateau with an average elevation of around 2.5 miles (4 kilometres)," similar to the Tibetan Plateau. It is surrounded by mountain belts taller than the Himalayas, as per a paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience. "The region is floored by a thick crust that is comparable to that of cratons on Earth."

WATCH:&nbsp;ISRO Chief reveals details on future Venus exploration mission

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/isro-chief-reveals-details-on-future-venus-exploration-mission-648541/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

The existence of this region on Venus led scientists to believe that the two planets might share a similar geological history.

"This finding provides a fascinating new perspective on Venus and its potential links to early Earth," Capitanio said. "The features we found on Venus are strikingly similar to Earth's early continents, suggesting that the dynamics of Venus' past may have been more similar to Earth's than previously thought." 
&nbsp;

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid.

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid. It has a surface temperature of around 870 degrees Fahrenheit on average caused by the carbon dioxide levels present in the atmosphere. But scientists have now discovered surface features like faults, folds and volcanoes on the hellish planet, indicating that it was once tectonically active. Tectonic activity is what created continents on Earth and is a phenomenon only seen on our planet till now. But scientists say that the presence of plateaus known as "tesserae" on the Venusian surface means that the planet witnessed intense tectonic activity billions of years ago. Research leader Fabio Capitanio from the Monash University School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment said in a statement, "We did not expect Venus, with its scorching 860 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius) surface temperature and lack of plate tectonics, to possess such complex geological features." He says that the "study [done in collaboration with NASA] challenges our understanding of how planets evolve." Also Read: Mysterious 5,000-mile wall of acid-filled clouds hovering over surface of Venus The lithosphere, the rigid outer layer of a planet's crust, comprises a number of large plates. When these plates move around in different ways, the actions help to shape a planet. Venus has a stagnant lithosphere, or "stagnant lid". This means that it only has a single plate with minimal movement. Some experts believe that Venus, early in its history, had limited tectonic movement and over a period transitioned to the stagnant lid model that exists today. Ishtar Terra highlands on Venus To investigate further, scientists studied the formations on Venus called the Ishtar Terra highlands. It has "an Australia-sized crustal plateau with an average elevation of around 2.5 miles (4 kilometres)," similar to the Tibetan Plateau. It is surrounded by mountain belts taller than the Himalayas, as per a paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience. "The region is floored by a thick crust that is comparable to that of cratons on Earth." WATCH: ISRO Chief reveals details on future Venus exploration mission × The existence of this region on Venus led scientists to believe that the two planets might share a similar geological history. "This finding provides a fascinating new perspective on Venus and its potential links to early Earth," Capitanio said. "The features we found on Venus are strikingly similar to Earth's early continents, suggesting that the dynamics of Venus' past may have been more similar to Earth's than previously thought."

When Venus shook: Scientists make stunning discovery on Earth's twin planet

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that its Perseverance rover found a rock that has some indications it may have hosted microbial life billions of years ago. Scientists are fascinated by the vein-filled rock, however, they said that further research is required.&nbsp;

The team of scientists have nicknamed the arrowhead-shaped rock "Cheyava Falls", which has intriguing characteristics that could help answer the question of whether or not microscopic life once resided on Mars.&nbsp;

The rover used its SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman &amp; Luminescence for Organics &amp; Chemicals) instrument to do multiple scans of Cheyava Falls.&nbsp;

The scans indicate it contains organic compounds. While such carbon-based molecules are considered the building blocks of life, they also can be formed by non-biological processes.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/james-webb-reveals-carbon-oxides-on-uranus-moon-ariel-what-does-this-mean-744232">James Webb reveals carbon oxides on Uranus' moon Ariel. What does this mean?</a>&nbsp;

NASA said in its report that analysis of the rock by instruments aboard the rover indicates that it possesses qualities that "fit the definition of a possible indicator of ancient life".&nbsp;

The rock shows structures and chemical traces that may have been created by life billions of years ago.&nbsp;

NASA said that the rock, which is the rover's 22nd rock core sample, was collected on July 21 when the rover was exploring the northern edge of Neretva Vallis, which is an ancient river valley 400 metres&nbsp;wide that was carved by water rushing into Jezero Crater long ago.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-nasa-streams-4k-video-footage-from-aircraft-to-iss-and-back-744193">In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back</a>&nbsp;

As quoted by NASA, Nicola Fox, who is an associate administrator, at the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington, "We have designed the route for Perseverance to ensure that it goes to areas with the potential for interesting scientific samples. This trip through the Neretva Vallis riverbed paid off as we found something we've never seen before, which will give our scientists so much to study."&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas: Mysterious dark oxygen found on ocean floor&nbsp;

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-mysterious-dark-oxygen-found-on-ocean-floor-743594/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

Ken Farley, who is a Perseverance project scientist at Caltech in Pasadena, said as quoted by NASA: "Cheyava Falls is the most puzzling, complex, and potentially important rock yet investigated by Perseverance."&nbsp;

"On the one hand, we have our first compelling detection of organic material, distinctive colorful spots indicative of chemical reactions that microbial life could use as an energy source, and clear evidence that water — necessary for life — once passed through the rock. On the other hand, we have been unable to determine exactly how the rock formed and to what extent nearby rocks may have heated Cheyava Falls and contributed to these features," Farley added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that its Perseverance rover found a rock that has some indications it may have hosted microbial life billions of years ago.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that its Perseverance rover found a rock that has some indications it may have hosted microbial life billions of years ago. Scientists are fascinated by the vein-filled rock, however, they said that further research is required. The team of scientists have nicknamed the arrowhead-shaped rock "Cheyava Falls", which has intriguing characteristics that could help answer the question of whether or not microscopic life once resided on Mars. The rover used its SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals) instrument to do multiple scans of Cheyava Falls. The scans indicate it contains organic compounds. While such carbon-based molecules are considered the building blocks of life, they also can be formed by non-biological processes. Also read: James Webb reveals carbon oxides on Uranus' moon Ariel. What does this mean? NASA said in its report that analysis of the rock by instruments aboard the rover indicates that it possesses qualities that "fit the definition of a possible indicator of ancient life". The rock shows structures and chemical traces that may have been created by life billions of years ago. NASA said that the rock, which is the rover's 22nd rock core sample, was collected on July 21 when the rover was exploring the northern edge of Neretva Vallis, which is an ancient river valley 400 metres wide that was carved by water rushing into Jezero Crater long ago. Also read: In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back As quoted by NASA, Nicola Fox, who is an associate administrator, at the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington, "We have designed the route for Perseverance to ensure that it goes to areas with the potential for interesting scientific samples. This trip through the Neretva Vallis riverbed paid off as we found something we've never seen before, which will give our scientists so much to study." Watch: Gravitas: Mysterious dark oxygen found on ocean floor × Ken Farley, who is a Perseverance project scientist at Caltech in Pasadena, said as quoted by NASA: "Cheyava Falls is the most puzzling, complex, and potentially important rock yet investigated by Perseverance." "On the one hand, we have our first compelling detection of organic material, distinctive colorful spots indicative of chemical reactions that microbial life could use as an energy source, and clear evidence that water — necessary for life — once passed through the rock. On the other hand, we have been unable to determine exactly how the rock formed and to what extent nearby rocks may have heated Cheyava Falls and contributed to these features," Farley added. (With inputs from agencies)

Vein-filled rock on Mars could reveal signs of ancient life on Red Planet

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) found that the surface of Uranus' moon Ariel, which is a candidate ocean world, is coated with a significant amount of carbon dioxide ice. It was discovered on the 'trailing hemisphere'&nbsp;that always faces away from the moon's direction of orbital motion.&nbsp;

The findings of the new study, published on Wednesday (Jul 24) in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, are quite surprising because of the fact that even the far away frigid places in space when carbon dioxide readily turns to gas and is lost to space. The reaches of the Uranian system are 20 times farther from the sun than Earth.&nbsp;

The study mentioned that the "Uranian moon Ariel exhibits a diversity of geologically young landforms, with a surface composition rich in CO2 ice", however, the origin of CO2 and other species remains uncertain.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-nasa-streams-4k-video-footage-from-aircraft-to-iss-and-back-744193">In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back</a>&nbsp;

The study mentioned that thick CO2 ice deposits and the possible presence of carbonates on both hemispheres suggest that some carbon oxides could be sourced from Ariel's interior.&nbsp;

As quoted by phys.org, a research team led by Richard Cartwright from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, said: "It just shouldn't be there. You've got to get down to 30 Kelvin [minus 405 degrees Fahrenheit] before carbon monoxide's stable."&nbsp;

According to Cartwright, the moon has some of the most carbon dioxide-rich deposits in the solar system.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/rock-varnish-from-indias-ladakh-may-help-find-habitable-environments-in-space-744147">Rock varnish from India’s Ladakh may help find habitable environments in space</a>&nbsp;

Another surprising discovery among those sediments was the first detectable signs of carbon monoxide. "The carbon monoxide would have to be actively replenished, no question," Cartwright said.&nbsp;

The recent observations suggest that Ariel's surface might potentially contain carbonate minerals, which are salts that are only formed when liquid water reacts with rocks.&nbsp;

As quoted, Cartwright said: "If our interpretation of that carbonate feature is correct, then that is a pretty big result because it means it had to form in the interior. That's something we absolutely need to confirm, either through future observations, modeling or some combination of techniques."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) found that the surface of Uranus' moon Ariel, which is a candidate ocean world, is coated with a significant amount of carbon dioxide ice.

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) found that the surface of Uranus' moon Ariel, which is a candidate ocean world, is coated with a significant amount of carbon dioxide ice. It was discovered on the 'trailing hemisphere' that always faces away from the moon's direction of orbital motion. The findings of the new study, published on Wednesday (Jul 24) in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, are quite surprising because of the fact that even the far away frigid places in space when carbon dioxide readily turns to gas and is lost to space. The reaches of the Uranian system are 20 times farther from the sun than Earth. The study mentioned that the "Uranian moon Ariel exhibits a diversity of geologically young landforms, with a surface composition rich in CO2 ice", however, the origin of CO2 and other species remains uncertain. Also read: In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back The study mentioned that thick CO2 ice deposits and the possible presence of carbonates on both hemispheres suggest that some carbon oxides could be sourced from Ariel's interior. As quoted by phys.org, a research team led by Richard Cartwright from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, said: "It just shouldn't be there. You've got to get down to 30 Kelvin [minus 405 degrees Fahrenheit] before carbon monoxide's stable." According to Cartwright, the moon has some of the most carbon dioxide-rich deposits in the solar system. Also read: Rock varnish from India’s Ladakh may help find habitable environments in space Another surprising discovery among those sediments was the first detectable signs of carbon monoxide. "The carbon monoxide would have to be actively replenished, no question," Cartwright said. The recent observations suggest that Ariel's surface might potentially contain carbonate minerals, which are salts that are only formed when liquid water reacts with rocks. As quoted, Cartwright said: "If our interpretation of that carbonate feature is correct, then that is a pretty big result because it means it had to form in the interior. That's something we absolutely need to confirm, either through future observations, modeling or some combination of techniques." (With inputs from agencies)

James Webb reveals carbon oxides on Uranus' moon Ariel. What does this mean?

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that a team at its Glenn Research Center in Cleveland streamed 4K video footage from an aircraft to the International Space Station (ISS) and back for the first time using optical (or laser) communications.&nbsp;

The team carried out the experiment as part of a series of tests on new technology. The scientists hope that this technology could provide live video coverage of astronauts on the Moon during the Artemis missions.&nbsp;

NASA has sent data to and from orbit via radio waves in the past also. Notably, laser communications can transfer 10–100 times more data more quickly by using infrared light compared to radio frequency systems.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/rock-varnish-from-indias-ladakh-may-help-find-habitable-environments-in-space-744147">Rock varnish from India’s Ladakh may help find habitable environments in space</a>&nbsp;

For the test, the scientists worked with the Air Force Research Laboratory and NASA's Small Business Innovation Research programme. They temporarily installed a portable laser terminal on the belly of a Pilatus PC-12 aircraft.&nbsp;

They then flew over Lake Erie sending data from the aircraft to an optical ground station in Cleveland and it was then sent over an Earth-based network to White Sands Test Facility in Las Cruces, New Mexico.&nbsp;

The scientists at NASA's facility in New Mexico used infrared light signals to send the data. The space agency stated that the signals travelled 22,000 miles away from Earth to its Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD), which is an orbiting experimental platform.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/james-webb-spots-super-jupiter-and-it-is-one-of-the-coldest-exoplanets-observed-to-date-743898">James Webb spots 'super Jupiter' and it is one of the coldest exoplanets observed to date</a>&nbsp;

The signal was then relayed by the LCRD to the ILLUMA-T (Integrated LCRD LEO User Modem and Amplifier Terminal) payload mounted on the orbiting laboratory. In the end, ILLUMA-T sent the data back to Earth.&nbsp;

Dr Daniel Raible, who is a principal investigator for the HDTN project at Glenn, said, "These experiments are a tremendous accomplishment. We can now build upon the success of streaming 4K HD videos to and from the space station to provide future capabilities, like HD videoconferencing, for our Artemis astronauts, which will be important for crew health and activity coordination."&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas: Mysterious dark oxygen found on ocean floor

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-mysterious-dark-oxygen-found-on-ocean-floor-743594/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

<h2>Missy Elliott's song sent into deep space</h2>

For the first time, NASA recently transmitted the lyrics of popular Missy Elliot's song "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)" to Venus, which is about 158 million miles (254 million kilometres) away. The lyrics were beamed using DSN (Deep Space Network).&nbsp;

The space agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California sent the transmission at 10:05 am PDT on July 12.&nbsp;

In 2008, NASA beamed The Beatles song "Across the Universe" into space. Elliott's 1997 debut single became the first hip-hop song sent to deep space.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that a team at its Glenn Research Center in Cleveland streamed 4K video footage from an aircraft to the International Space Station (ISS) and back for the first time using optical (or laser) communications.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that a team at its Glenn Research Center in Cleveland streamed 4K video footage from an aircraft to the International Space Station (ISS) and back for the first time using optical (or laser) communications. The team carried out the experiment as part of a series of tests on new technology. The scientists hope that this technology could provide live video coverage of astronauts on the Moon during the Artemis missions. NASA has sent data to and from orbit via radio waves in the past also. Notably, laser communications can transfer 10–100 times more data more quickly by using infrared light compared to radio frequency systems. Also read: Rock varnish from India’s Ladakh may help find habitable environments in space For the test, the scientists worked with the Air Force Research Laboratory and NASA's Small Business Innovation Research programme. They temporarily installed a portable laser terminal on the belly of a Pilatus PC-12 aircraft. They then flew over Lake Erie sending data from the aircraft to an optical ground station in Cleveland and it was then sent over an Earth-based network to White Sands Test Facility in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The scientists at NASA's facility in New Mexico used infrared light signals to send the data. The space agency stated that the signals travelled 22,000 miles away from Earth to its Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD), which is an orbiting experimental platform. Also read: James Webb spots 'super Jupiter' and it is one of the coldest exoplanets observed to date The signal was then relayed by the LCRD to the ILLUMA-T (Integrated LCRD LEO User Modem and Amplifier Terminal) payload mounted on the orbiting laboratory. In the end, ILLUMA-T sent the data back to Earth. Dr Daniel Raible, who is a principal investigator for the HDTN project at Glenn, said, "These experiments are a tremendous accomplishment. We can now build upon the success of streaming 4K HD videos to and from the space station to provide future capabilities, like HD videoconferencing, for our Artemis astronauts, which will be important for crew health and activity coordination." Watch: Gravitas: Mysterious dark oxygen found on ocean floor × Missy Elliott's song sent into deep space For the first time, NASA recently transmitted the lyrics of popular Missy Elliot's song "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)" to Venus, which is about 158 million miles (254 million kilometres) away. The lyrics were beamed using DSN (Deep Space Network). The space agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California sent the transmission at 10:05 am PDT on July 12. In 2008, NASA beamed The Beatles song "Across the Universe" into space. Elliott's 1997 debut single became the first hip-hop song sent to deep space. (With inputs from agencies)

In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back

Scientists have said that a Chinese lunar probe found traces of water in samples of the Moon's soil. The Chang'e-5 rover completed its mission in 2020, returning to Earth with rock and soil samples from the Moon.&nbsp;

A group of scientists from Chinese universities wrote in the Nature Astronomy journal that the lunar samples "revealed the presence of trace water".&nbsp;

India's Chandrayaan-1 played a crucial role in the discovery of water molecules on the Moon. The mission carried NASA's Moon Minerology Mapper (M3), an imaging spectrometer that helped confirm the discovery of water locked in minerals on the Moon.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/bronze-age-artefact-stuns-scientists-after-mysteriously-appearing-in-norway-waters-743492">Bronze Age artefact stuns scientists after mysteriously appearing in Norway waters</a>&nbsp;

In 2020, water on the Moon was already confirmed by a NASA infrared detector and recent examinations of materials from the 1960s and 1970s have shown water traces.&nbsp;

According to the Chinese scientists, the Chang'e-5 samples are from a "much higher latitude", providing new clues as to what form water takes on the Moon's surface.&nbsp;

They said that the samples suggest that "water molecules can persist in sunlit areas of the Moon in the form of hydrated salts".&nbsp;

As reported by SCMP, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on Tuesday said that Chinese scientists have found a hydrated mineral "enriched" with molecular water based on lunar soil samples returned by China's Chang'e-5 mission in 2020.&nbsp;

Researchers from the Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, the Institute of Physics of CAS and other domestic research institutions jointly carried out the research, which was published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Astronomy on July 16.&nbsp;

Researchers have also eliminated the chance that the mineral-carrying water was tainted by rocket exhaust or other terrestrial sources.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-marks-25th-anniversary-of-chandra-with-25-photos-including-of-the-peacocks-galaxy-743234">25 years, 25 photos: NASA's Chandra Observatory peeks into the mysteries of cosmos</a>&nbsp;

As quoted by SCMP, a scientist who asked not to be named said, "If this water-bearing mineral is present in the lunar samples, more than one piece should be found." The scientist was not associated with the study.&nbsp;

The researchers said that the presence of ammonium indicates a more complex lunar degassing history and highlights its potential as a resource for lunar habitation.

"Our findings also suggest that water molecules can persist in sunlit areas of the Moon as hydrated salts, providing crucial constraints on the fugacity of water and ammonia vapour in lunar volcanic gases," researchers said.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have said that a Chinese lunar probe found traces of water in samples of the Moon's soil. The Chang'e-5 rover completed its mission in 2020, returning to Earth with rock and soil samples from the Moon.

Scientists have said that a Chinese lunar probe found traces of water in samples of the Moon's soil. The Chang'e-5 rover completed its mission in 2020, returning to Earth with rock and soil samples from the Moon. A group of scientists from Chinese universities wrote in the Nature Astronomy journal that the lunar samples "revealed the presence of trace water". India's Chandrayaan-1 played a crucial role in the discovery of water molecules on the Moon. The mission carried NASA's Moon Minerology Mapper (M3), an imaging spectrometer that helped confirm the discovery of water locked in minerals on the Moon. Also read: Bronze Age artefact stuns scientists after mysteriously appearing in Norway waters In 2020, water on the Moon was already confirmed by a NASA infrared detector and recent examinations of materials from the 1960s and 1970s have shown water traces. According to the Chinese scientists, the Chang'e-5 samples are from a "much higher latitude", providing new clues as to what form water takes on the Moon's surface. They said that the samples suggest that "water molecules can persist in sunlit areas of the Moon in the form of hydrated salts". As reported by SCMP, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on Tuesday said that Chinese scientists have found a hydrated mineral "enriched" with molecular water based on lunar soil samples returned by China's Chang'e-5 mission in 2020. Researchers from the Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, the Institute of Physics of CAS and other domestic research institutions jointly carried out the research, which was published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Astronomy on July 16. Researchers have also eliminated the chance that the mineral-carrying water was tainted by rocket exhaust or other terrestrial sources. Also read: 25 years, 25 photos: NASA's Chandra Observatory peeks into the mysteries of cosmos As quoted by SCMP, a scientist who asked not to be named said, "If this water-bearing mineral is present in the lunar samples, more than one piece should be found." The scientist was not associated with the study. The researchers said that the presence of ammonium indicates a more complex lunar degassing history and highlights its potential as a resource for lunar habitation. "Our findings also suggest that water molecules can persist in sunlit areas of the Moon as hydrated salts, providing crucial constraints on the fugacity of water and ammonia vapour in lunar volcanic gases," researchers said. (With inputs from agencies)

Chinese lunar probe finds traces of water in samples of Moon's soil

World's first study on common food aromas may help scientists understand why astronauts report that meals taste bland in space even as they struggle for their normal nutritional intake.&nbsp;

Scientists from RMIT University have led a study, which was published on Tuesday (Jul 16) in the International Journal of Food Science and Technology.&nbsp;

"Previous astronauts or space travellers have reported that food doesn’t taste the same in space as it does on Earth," first author Grace Loke, a PhD candidate at RMIT, told COSMOS.&nbsp;

"Imagine having your meals pre-planned months ahead because they tasted good on Earth, only to dislike them in space. Usually, flavour is lost," Loke added.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/days-are-becoming-longer-as-climate-change-altering-earths-axis-of-rotation-741428">Days are becoming longer as climate change is altering Earth's axis of rotation</a>&nbsp;

This research serves the purpose of how changes can be implemented in order to improve the diets of isolated people. Not just astronauts, the research might help people including nursing home residents by personalising aromas to enhance the flavour of their food.&nbsp;

For the study, the researchers examined how the participants perceived&nbsp;vanilla and almond extracts. They also studied how lemon essential oil changed from everyday Earth settings to the conditions on the International Space Station (ISS).&nbsp;

As quoted by phys.org, lead researcher Dr Julia Low from the School of Science said vanilla and almond aromas were more intense in the ISS-simulated environment. Meanwhile, the lemon scent remained unchanged.&nbsp;

According to the researchers, benzaldehyde, which is a sweet chemical in the aromas of vanilla and almond, could explain the change in perceptions. Besides, an individual's sensitivity to a particular smell can also be the reason.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/starlinks-20-doomed-satellites-fall-from-space-burn-in-earths-atmosphere-741335">Starlink's 20 doomed satellites fall from space, burn in Earth's atmosphere</a>&nbsp;

"A greater sense of loneliness and isolation may also play a role, and there are implications from this study around how isolated people smell and taste food," Low said.

The study involved a&nbsp;sample size as it included 54 adults. "One of the long-term aims of the research is to make better tailored foods for astronauts, as well as other people who are in isolated environments, to increase their nutritional intake closer to 100%," Low said.&nbsp;

The researchers also studied the phenomenon of fluid shift and complemented results from other studies based on eating experiences in space.&nbsp;

The study mentioned that fluid moves from the lower to the higher regions of the body while one is weightless, causing swelling in the face and congestion in the nose. This eventually impacts taste and smell. However, these symptoms vanish a few weeks after entering the space station in most cases.&nbsp;

"Astronauts are still not enjoying their food even after fluid shift effects have gone, suggesting that there's something more to this," Low said.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

World's first study on common food aromas may help scientists understand why astronauts report that meals taste bland in space even as they struggle for their normal nutritional intake.

World's first study on common food aromas may help scientists understand why astronauts report that meals taste bland in space even as they struggle for their normal nutritional intake. Scientists from RMIT University have led a study, which was published on Tuesday (Jul 16) in the International Journal of Food Science and Technology. "Previous astronauts or space travellers have reported that food doesn’t taste the same in space as it does on Earth," first author Grace Loke, a PhD candidate at RMIT, told COSMOS. "Imagine having your meals pre-planned months ahead because they tasted good on Earth, only to dislike them in space. Usually, flavour is lost," Loke added. Also read: Days are becoming longer as climate change is altering Earth's axis of rotation This research serves the purpose of how changes can be implemented in order to improve the diets of isolated people. Not just astronauts, the research might help people including nursing home residents by personalising aromas to enhance the flavour of their food. For the study, the researchers examined how the participants perceived vanilla and almond extracts. They also studied how lemon essential oil changed from everyday Earth settings to the conditions on the International Space Station (ISS). As quoted by phys.org, lead researcher Dr Julia Low from the School of Science said vanilla and almond aromas were more intense in the ISS-simulated environment. Meanwhile, the lemon scent remained unchanged. According to the researchers, benzaldehyde, which is a sweet chemical in the aromas of vanilla and almond, could explain the change in perceptions. Besides, an individual's sensitivity to a particular smell can also be the reason. Also read: Starlink's 20 doomed satellites fall from space, burn in Earth's atmosphere "A greater sense of loneliness and isolation may also play a role, and there are implications from this study around how isolated people smell and taste food," Low said. The study involved a sample size as it included 54 adults. "One of the long-term aims of the research is to make better tailored foods for astronauts, as well as other people who are in isolated environments, to increase their nutritional intake closer to 100%," Low said. The researchers also studied the phenomenon of fluid shift and complemented results from other studies based on eating experiences in space. The study mentioned that fluid moves from the lower to the higher regions of the body while one is weightless, causing swelling in the face and congestion in the nose. This eventually impacts taste and smell. However, these symptoms vanish a few weeks after entering the space station in most cases. "Astronauts are still not enjoying their food even after fluid shift effects have gone, suggesting that there's something more to this," Low said. (With inputs from agencies)

First-of-a-kind study investigates why food tastes bland in space

An exoplanet has differences between its eternal morning and eternal evening atmosphere - this model was previously predicted and researchers have finally confirmed it using the James Webb Space Telescope.&nbsp;

Researchers are talking about WASP-39 b, which is a gas giant exoplanet that orbits a G-type star. The mass WASP-39 b is 0.28 Jupiter and it takes 4.1 days to complete one orbit of its star, NASA revealed. WASP-39 b has a similar mass to Saturn. It orbits a star about 700 light-years away from Earth.&nbsp;

The discovery of WASP-39 b was announced in 2011 and in July 2022, it became the first exoplanet to be studied by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, which is the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-underground-cave-on-moon-that-could-be-prime-location-for-future-lunar-base-741166">Scientists find underground cave on Moon that could be prime location for future lunar base</a>&nbsp;

Researchers have established that WASP-39 b is tidally locked to its parent star, which means it has a constant dayside and a constant nightside. One side of the planet is always exposed to its star, while the other is always covered in darkness.&nbsp;

NASA in its reports said that astronomers confirmed a temperature difference between the eternal morning and eternal evening on WASP-39 b using Webb's NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph).&nbsp;

The astronomers found that evening appeared hotter by about 200 degrees Celsius and there is evidence for different cloud cover, with the "forever morning portion of the planet being likely cloudier than the evening".&nbsp;

Also&nbsp;read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-shares-stunning-images-of-a-space-get-away-captured-by-webb-and-chandra-741018">NASA shares stunning images of a space get-away captured by Webb and Chandra</a>

As quoted by nasa.gov, Néstor Espinoza, who is an exoplanet researcher at the Space Telescope Science Institute and lead author on the study, said,&nbsp;"WASP-39 b has become a sort of benchmark planet in studying the atmosphere of exoplanets with Webb."&nbsp;

"It has an inflated, puffy atmosphere, so the signal coming from starlight filtered through the planet’s atmosphere is quite strong," Espinoza added.&nbsp;

The complete day/night boundary is represented by the previously published Webb spectra of the atmosphere of WASP-39b, which showed the presence of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, water vapour and sodium. But there was no detailed attempt to differentiate between one side and the other.&nbsp;

However, the day/night boundary is now divided into two semicircles, one from the evening and one from the morning, by the new methodology, which constructs two distinct spectra from the terminator region.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/our-sun-has-been-emanating-mysterious-radio-signals-for-decades-nasa-plans-to-find-the-exact-source-740983">Our sun is sending mysterious radio signals for decades. NASA plans to find the exact source</a>&nbsp;

"Data reveals the evening as significantly hotter, a searing 1,450 degrees Fahrenheit (800 degrees Celsius), and the morning a relatively cooler 1,150 degrees Fahrenheit (600 degrees Celsius)," NASA said in its report.&nbsp;

"It's really stunning that we are able to parse this small difference out, and it’s only possible due Webb's sensitivity across near-infrared wavelengths and its extremely stable photometric sensors," said Espinoza. &nbsp;

"Any tiny movement in the instrument or with the observatory while collecting data would have severely limited our ability to make this detection. It must be extraordinarily precise, and Webb is just that," he added.&nbsp;

The findings were published on Monday (Jul 15) in Nature, titled, "Inhomogeneous terminators on the exoplanet WASP-39 b".&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

An exoplanet has differences between its eternal morning and eternal evening atmosphere - this model was previously predicted and researchers have finally confirmed it using the James Webb Space Telescope.

An exoplanet has differences between its eternal morning and eternal evening atmosphere - this model was previously predicted and researchers have finally confirmed it using the James Webb Space Telescope. Researchers are talking about WASP-39 b, which is a gas giant exoplanet that orbits a G-type star. The mass WASP-39 b is 0.28 Jupiter and it takes 4.1 days to complete one orbit of its star, NASA revealed. WASP-39 b has a similar mass to Saturn. It orbits a star about 700 light-years away from Earth. The discovery of WASP-39 b was announced in 2011 and in July 2022, it became the first exoplanet to be studied by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, which is the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space. Also read: Scientists find underground cave on Moon that could be prime location for future lunar base Researchers have established that WASP-39 b is tidally locked to its parent star, which means it has a constant dayside and a constant nightside. One side of the planet is always exposed to its star, while the other is always covered in darkness. NASA in its reports said that astronomers confirmed a temperature difference between the eternal morning and eternal evening on WASP-39 b using Webb's NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph). The astronomers found that evening appeared hotter by about 200 degrees Celsius and there is evidence for different cloud cover, with the "forever morning portion of the planet being likely cloudier than the evening". Also read: NASA shares stunning images of a space get-away captured by Webb and Chandra As quoted by nasa.gov, Néstor Espinoza, who is an exoplanet researcher at the Space Telescope Science Institute and lead author on the study, said, "WASP-39 b has become a sort of benchmark planet in studying the atmosphere of exoplanets with Webb." "It has an inflated, puffy atmosphere, so the signal coming from starlight filtered through the planet’s atmosphere is quite strong," Espinoza added. The complete day/night boundary is represented by the previously published Webb spectra of the atmosphere of WASP-39b, which showed the presence of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, water vapour and sodium. But there was no detailed attempt to differentiate between one side and the other. However, the day/night boundary is now divided into two semicircles, one from the evening and one from the morning, by the new methodology, which constructs two distinct spectra from the terminator region. Also read: Our sun is sending mysterious radio signals for decades. NASA plans to find the exact source "Data reveals the evening as significantly hotter, a searing 1,450 degrees Fahrenheit (800 degrees Celsius), and the morning a relatively cooler 1,150 degrees Fahrenheit (600 degrees Celsius)," NASA said in its report. "It's really stunning that we are able to parse this small difference out, and it’s only possible due Webb's sensitivity across near-infrared wavelengths and its extremely stable photometric sensors," said Espinoza. "Any tiny movement in the instrument or with the observatory while collecting data would have severely limited our ability to make this detection. It must be extraordinarily precise, and Webb is just that," he added. The findings were published on Monday (Jul 15) in Nature, titled, "Inhomogeneous terminators on the exoplanet WASP-39 b". (With inputs from agencies)

Researchers using James Webb to probe eternal sunrises and sunsets on distant world

Scientists have confirmed a cave on the Moon and suspect that there are hundreds more. They believe that such caves could house future astronauts. The one confirmed is quite close to the region where Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed in 1969.&nbsp;

The cave is said to be reachable from an open pit in the Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility). As it is accessible from the surface, it has made the spot a prime location to build a future lunar base. It would serve as a natural shelter against the difficult lunar environment.&nbsp;

Leonardo Carrer, the study's first author, said, "The main advantage of caves is that they make available the main structural parts of a possible human base without requiring complex construction activities."&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-shares-stunning-images-of-a-space-get-away-captured-by-webb-and-chandra-741018">NASA shares stunning images of a space get-away captured by Webb and Chandra</a>&nbsp;

The latest research published in Nature Astronomy titled, "Radar evidence of an accessible cave conduit on the Moon below the Mare Tranquillitatis pit", made this milestone discovery about the Moon and future lunar explorations.&nbsp;

The research, which is a result of an international collaboration, was published on Monday (Jul 15). Scientists for the first time have found evidence of&nbsp;a substantial underground cave on the Moon. Researchers suspect that the cave is an empty lava tube.&nbsp;

The study was partially funded by the Italian Space Agency. It also involved researchers of the University of Padua and La Venta Geographic Explorations APS. The researchers contributed to the geological analyses and the modelling of the identified conduit.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/our-sun-has-been-emanating-mysterious-radio-signals-for-decades-nasa-plans-to-find-the-exact-source-740983">Our sun is sending mysterious radio signals for decades. NASA plans to find the exact source</a>&nbsp;

NASA's lunar reconnaissance orbiter (LRO) radar data analysis showed that the Mare Tranquillitatis pit, the Moon's deepest known pit, leads to a cave that is up to 80 metres long and 45 metres wide. The cave lies about 150 metres beneath the surface.&nbsp;

As quoted in reports, Lorenzo Bruzzone, professor at the University of Trento, explained: "These caves have been theorized for over 50 years, but it is the first time ever that we have demonstrated their existence."&nbsp;

Explaining further, Bruzzone said, "In 2010, as part of the ongoing LRO NASA mission, the Miniature Radio-Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument acquired data that included a pit in Mare Tranquilitatis."&nbsp;

"Years later we have reanalyzed these data with complex signal processing techniques we have recently developed, and have discovered radar reflections from the area of the pit that are best explained by an underground cave conduit," he added. &nbsp;

The scientist said that the "discovery provides the first direct evidence of an accessible lava tube under the surface of the Moon".&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Scientists have confirmed a cave on the Moon and suspect that there are hundreds more. They believe that such caves could house future astronauts. The one confirmed is quite close to the region where Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed in 1969.

Scientists have confirmed a cave on the Moon and suspect that there are hundreds more. They believe that such caves could house future astronauts. The one confirmed is quite close to the region where Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed in 1969. The cave is said to be reachable from an open pit in the Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility). As it is accessible from the surface, it has made the spot a prime location to build a future lunar base. It would serve as a natural shelter against the difficult lunar environment. Leonardo Carrer, the study's first author, said, "The main advantage of caves is that they make available the main structural parts of a possible human base without requiring complex construction activities." Also read: NASA shares stunning images of a space get-away captured by Webb and Chandra The latest research published in Nature Astronomy titled, "Radar evidence of an accessible cave conduit on the Moon below the Mare Tranquillitatis pit", made this milestone discovery about the Moon and future lunar explorations. The research, which is a result of an international collaboration, was published on Monday (Jul 15). Scientists for the first time have found evidence of a substantial underground cave on the Moon. Researchers suspect that the cave is an empty lava tube. The study was partially funded by the Italian Space Agency. It also involved researchers of the University of Padua and La Venta Geographic Explorations APS. The researchers contributed to the geological analyses and the modelling of the identified conduit. Also read: Our sun is sending mysterious radio signals for decades. NASA plans to find the exact source NASA's lunar reconnaissance orbiter (LRO) radar data analysis showed that the Mare Tranquillitatis pit, the Moon's deepest known pit, leads to a cave that is up to 80 metres long and 45 metres wide. The cave lies about 150 metres beneath the surface. As quoted in reports, Lorenzo Bruzzone, professor at the University of Trento, explained: "These caves have been theorized for over 50 years, but it is the first time ever that we have demonstrated their existence." Explaining further, Bruzzone said, "In 2010, as part of the ongoing LRO NASA mission, the Miniature Radio-Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument acquired data that included a pit in Mare Tranquilitatis." "Years later we have reanalyzed these data with complex signal processing techniques we have recently developed, and have discovered radar reflections from the area of the pit that are best explained by an underground cave conduit," he added. The scientist said that the "discovery provides the first direct evidence of an accessible lava tube under the surface of the Moon". (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists find underground cave on Moon that could be prime location for future lunar base

In a thrilling close shave, being described as a “potentially hazardous” celestial event, a mountain-sized “planet killer” asteroid will whiz past the Earth on Thursday (June 27).&nbsp;

Named as 2011 UL21, the stellar rock, having a whopping width of 1.1 to 2.4 miles (1.7 to 3.8 km), will speed past our planet at approximately 58,000 mph (93,000 km/h).&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/eerie-glowing-spot-on-jupiter-holding-secrets-of-dark-matter-scientists-suggest-735614">Eerie glowing spot on Jupiter holding secrets of dark matter, scientists suggest</a>&nbsp;

<h2>Should we worry? Scientists say the asteroid poses no threat</h2>

Despite its size and proximity, the asteroid will zip by at a distance of approximately 4.1 million miles (6.6 million km) from Earth, 17 times farther away than the moon- a safe vicinity that offers no threat to our planet, either now or in the foreseeable future, as per observations by the European Space Agency (ESA).

However, NASA classified it as a potentially hazardous object, highlighting the asteroid’s potential to cause continental-scale damage if it were to hit Earth, and the least likely prospects of it releasing debris into the atmosphere while passing by that could trigger climate changes.

Due to this capacity, the asteroid, which orbits the Sun once every three years, has earned the moniker of “planet killer”.

Larger than 99% of known near-Earth asteroids, this rock is smaller than the largest space rock (Vredefort asteroid) that hit the Earth's surface in past by 10 times, according to the ESA.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-unveils-breathtaking-images-of-gigantic-jets-over-himalayan-peaks-735769">NASA unveils breathtaking images of gigantic jets over Himalayan peaks</a>

<h2>How to catch the rare spectacle live&nbsp;</h2>

You can observe the closest approach of the 2011 UL21 asteroid through a free livestream by the Virtual Telescope Project (VTP), featuring views from the Bellatrix Astronomical Observatory in Ceccano, Italy.

The livestream begins at 4 PM ET (1:30 AM IST) on June 27, with the near skim expected approximately 15 minutes later. 
Aiming to catch a glimpse of the enormous asteroid turned a speck of light zipping across the starry night, astronomers and space enthusiasts are gearing up across the world.

Through using suitable equipment such as strong telescopes, observers present in the Northern Hemisphere can also see the speeding space rock under optimal conditions.

However, the significance of the event extends beyond just a night-sky spectacle.&nbsp;

Offering insights into asteroid behaviour and enhancing planetary defense strategies, this encounter underscores the need for continued vigilance of asteroids that could pose a threat to Earth.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

In a thrilling close shave, being described as a “potentially hazardous” celestial event, a mountain-sized “planet killer” asteroid will whiz past the Earth on Thursday (June 27).

In a thrilling close shave, being described as a “potentially hazardous” celestial event, a mountain-sized “planet killer” asteroid will whiz past the Earth on Thursday (June 27). Named as 2011 UL21, the stellar rock, having a whopping width of 1.1 to 2.4 miles (1.7 to 3.8 km), will speed past our planet at approximately 58,000 mph (93,000 km/h). Also read: Eerie glowing spot on Jupiter holding secrets of dark matter, scientists suggest Should we worry? Scientists say the asteroid poses no threat Despite its size and proximity, the asteroid will zip by at a distance of approximately 4.1 million miles (6.6 million km) from Earth, 17 times farther away than the moon- a safe vicinity that offers no threat to our planet, either now or in the foreseeable future, as per observations by the European Space Agency (ESA). However, NASA classified it as a potentially hazardous object, highlighting the asteroid’s potential to cause continental-scale damage if it were to hit Earth, and the least likely prospects of it releasing debris into the atmosphere while passing by that could trigger climate changes. Due to this capacity, the asteroid, which orbits the Sun once every three years, has earned the moniker of “planet killer”. Larger than 99% of known near-Earth asteroids, this rock is smaller than the largest space rock (Vredefort asteroid) that hit the Earth's surface in past by 10 times, according to the ESA. Also read: NASA unveils breathtaking images of gigantic jets over Himalayan peaks How to catch the rare spectacle live You can observe the closest approach of the 2011 UL21 asteroid through a free livestream by the Virtual Telescope Project (VTP), featuring views from the Bellatrix Astronomical Observatory in Ceccano, Italy. The livestream begins at 4 PM ET (1:30 AM IST) on June 27, with the near skim expected approximately 15 minutes later. Aiming to catch a glimpse of the enormous asteroid turned a speck of light zipping across the starry night, astronomers and space enthusiasts are gearing up across the world. Through using suitable equipment such as strong telescopes, observers present in the Northern Hemisphere can also see the speeding space rock under optimal conditions. However, the significance of the event extends beyond just a night-sky spectacle. Offering insights into asteroid behaviour and enhancing planetary defense strategies, this encounter underscores the need for continued vigilance of asteroids that could pose a threat to Earth. (With inputs from agencies)

Earth’s near miss! Mountain-size asteroid to fly-by at close range; here’s how to watch it live

The Starliner rocket that carried two astronauts to the International Space Station is now stuck in space&nbsp;and its return to Earth has been postponed until at least July 2. A report has emerged saying that the US space agency NASA knew before the launch of a helium leak but it was deemed too minor to pose a safety risk. The situation worsened as the spacecraft developed four additional helium leaks after it reached the orbit, rendering one thruster unusable. It means that the return trip of astronauts Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams will not materialise unless all safety checks have been done.

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas: NASA scientists fix Voyager 1 from 30 billion kilometres away

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-nasa-scientists-fix-voyager-1-from-30-billion-kilometres-away-733304/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

CBS reported that NASA will further analyse and review the leaks and the thruster. The US space agency will conduct re-entry tests before determining the next return date. The report said the delay in return is unlikely to extend beyond July 2.

<h2>Are Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams safe?</h2>

Amid all speculations and rumours, NASA has stressed that both astronauts in the spacecraft are safe and not stranded. They are cleared to undock and return home at any time if any malfunction or problem arises.

But the situation might not be that easy for Boeing officials on Earth. The Starliner fiasco comes as salt into the company's wounds, as it is already facing criticism for high-profile malfunctions of its planes over the past year.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjWktCgsfOGAxULlK8BHRG-IZ4QxfQBKAB6BAgJEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-hirise-camera-captures-image-of-phobos-mars-space-potato-moon-734199" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-hirise-camera-captures-image-of-phobos-mars-space-potato-moon-734199&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjWktCgsfOGAxULlK8BHRG-IZ4QxfQBKAB6BAgJEAE">NASA`s HiRISE camera captures image of phobos, Mars` `space potato` Moon</a>

At least 20 whistleblowers have highlighted issues with the company's safety and quality standards and expressed concerns.

<h2>NASA 'taking its time' </h2>

Steve Stich, manager of NASA's Commercial Crew Program, said, "We are taking our time and following our standard mission management team process."

He said they make decisions based on data. They will do a review at the agency level like they did before when NASA's SpaceX Demo-2 mission returned from space after two months.

(With inputs from agencies)

The Starliner rocket that carried two astronauts to the International Space Station is now stuck in space and its return to Earth has been postponed until at least July 2.

The Starliner rocket that carried two astronauts to the International Space Station is now stuck in space and its return to Earth has been postponed until at least July 2. A report has emerged saying that the US space agency NASA knew before the launch of a helium leak but it was deemed too minor to pose a safety risk. The situation worsened as the spacecraft developed four additional helium leaks after it reached the orbit, rendering one thruster unusable. It means that the return trip of astronauts Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams will not materialise unless all safety checks have been done. Watch: Gravitas: NASA scientists fix Voyager 1 from 30 billion kilometres away × CBS reported that NASA will further analyse and review the leaks and the thruster. The US space agency will conduct re-entry tests before determining the next return date. The report said the delay in return is unlikely to extend beyond July 2. Are Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams safe? Amid all speculations and rumours, NASA has stressed that both astronauts in the spacecraft are safe and not stranded. They are cleared to undock and return home at any time if any malfunction or problem arises. But the situation might not be that easy for Boeing officials on Earth. The Starliner fiasco comes as salt into the company's wounds, as it is already facing criticism for high-profile malfunctions of its planes over the past year. Also read: NASA`s HiRISE camera captures image of phobos, Mars` `space potato` Moon At least 20 whistleblowers have highlighted issues with the company's safety and quality standards and expressed concerns. NASA 'taking its time' Steve Stich, manager of NASA's Commercial Crew Program, said, "We are taking our time and following our standard mission management team process." He said they make decisions based on data. They will do a review at the agency level like they did before when NASA's SpaceX Demo-2 mission returned from space after two months. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA ignored helium leak before Starliner launch, leaving astronauts now stuck in space

space-news

Space News, News on Space News, stories on Space News, articles on Space News, Space News stories at Wion, Space News news, Space News latest news

space news