UNSC to hold 'closed-door' meeting on Jammu and Kashmir move. Watch this video to know more.

UNSC to hold 'closed-door' meet on Jammu and Kashmir move

Addressing a press conference on Friday, Jammu and Kashmir chief secretary BVR Subrahmanyam reassured that Kashmir is returning to normalcy. Schools offices to open from tomorrow. Medical facilities and hospitals continue to function. Phone lines expected to resume from tomorrow.

Kashmir returning to normalcy, schools offices to open from tomorrow: J&K chief secretary

Following the abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan's electronic media watchdog has banned the airing of advertisements featuring Indian artists as a form of protest. &nbsp;The Pak government has also launched a crackdown on the sale of Indian movies in the country.&nbsp;

The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (Pemra) circulated a letter dated August 14 on Wednesday announcing the ban. The regulatory body stated that it already withdrew the permission for airing Indian channels and content on the directions of the Pakistan Supreme Court in October last year.

"However, it has been observed that advertisements of various products of multinationals which are either produced in India or carrying Indian characters/talent [are] being aired on electronic media," according to the Pemra letter.

"We have banned Indian advertisements and launched a crackdown on CD shops to confiscate Indian movies," Firdous Ashiq Awan, the Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Information, told Dawn news on Thursday.

The government announced that it would observe the Independence Day on August 14 to express solidarity with Kashmiris and ads with Indian actors was a negation of official policy.

It said that currently ads of brands like Dettol, Surf Excel, Pantene, Head &amp; Shoulders, Lifebuoy, Fogg body spray, Sunsilk, Fair &amp; Lovely and Safeguard were being banned.&nbsp;

Pemra asked the companies to run the ads of these products provided they replaced the Indian characters, as it warned of action in case of violations.

Tensions have been simmering between India and Pakistan ever since New Delhi on August 5 revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir and divided it into two Union Territories -- Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, to bring in faster development and security to the state.

Following the abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan's electronic media watchdog has banned the airing of advertisements featuring Indian artists as a form of protest.

Following the abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan's electronic media watchdog has banned the airing of advertisements featuring Indian artists as a form of protest. The Pak government has also launched a crackdown on the sale of Indian movies in the country. The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (Pemra) circulated a letter dated August 14 on Wednesday announcing the ban. The regulatory body stated that it already withdrew the permission for airing Indian channels and content on the directions of the Pakistan Supreme Court in October last year. "However, it has been observed that advertisements of various products of multinationals which are either produced in India or carrying Indian characters/talent [are] being aired on electronic media," according to the Pemra letter. "We have banned Indian advertisements and launched a crackdown on CD shops to confiscate Indian movies," Firdous Ashiq Awan, the Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Information, told Dawn news on Thursday. The government announced that it would observe the Independence Day on August 14 to express solidarity with Kashmiris and ads with Indian actors was a negation of official policy. It said that currently ads of brands like Dettol, Surf Excel, Pantene, Head & Shoulders, Lifebuoy, Fogg body spray, Sunsilk, Fair & Lovely and Safeguard were being banned. Pemra asked the companies to run the ads of these products provided they replaced the Indian characters, as it warned of action in case of violations. Tensions have been simmering between India and Pakistan ever since New Delhi on August 5 revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir and divided it into two Union Territories -- Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, to bring in faster development and security to the state.

Pakistan now bans Indian ads in the country, launches crackdown on sale of Indian films

The government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi had removed Article 370 and Article 35A from Jammu and Kashmir which ended its special status. Now after a while, Life back on track in J&K; Schools, offices to open from Monday.

Life back on track in J&K; Schools, offices to open from Monday

Jammu and Kashmir authorities on Friday will review the situation of the areas where restrictions were not lifted after the imposition of Section 144, which prohibits the assembly of more than four people at a time, government sources said.

This comes in wake of the heightened security situation in Jammu and Kashmir after the Centre withdrew the special status and passed the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganization) Act, 2019, bifurcating it into two Union Territories -- Jammu and Kashmir with legislature and Ladakh without it.

On August 14, the government had said that law and order was under control in the region and barring some "localised incidents" which led to a few pellet injuries that were treated, no major violence has been reported in Jammu and Kashmir.

Speaking to media here, Jammu and Kashmir`s Additional Director General of Police (Law and Order), Munir Khan, had said the security forces and the administration were ensuring that there is no civilian casualty.

"Law order situation is totally under control. There have been localised incidents in various parts of Srinagar and other districts, which have been contained. There have been no major injuries. There have been a few pellet injuries, they were treated. Our biggest endeavour is that no civil casualty should take place," Khan had said.

Jammu and Kashmir Principal Secretary Rohit Kansal had said that authorities are assessing the situation on an area-to-area basis to decide on the restrictions that are in place.&nbsp;

"Local authorities are keeping a close watch on the situations and offering relaxation wherever the situation warrants," he had said.

Kansal had also said that "hospitals, medical facilities, civil supplies, national highways and airport continue to function normally".&nbsp;

Jammu and Kashmir authorities on Friday will review the situation of the areas where restrictions were not lifted after the imposition of Section 144, which prohibits the assembly of more than four people at a time, government sources said.

Jammu and Kashmir authorities on Friday will review the situation of the areas where restrictions were not lifted after the imposition of Section 144, which prohibits the assembly of more than four people at a time, government sources said. This comes in wake of the heightened security situation in Jammu and Kashmir after the Centre withdrew the special status and passed the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganization) Act, 2019, bifurcating it into two Union Territories -- Jammu and Kashmir with legislature and Ladakh without it. On August 14, the government had said that law and order was under control in the region and barring some "localised incidents" which led to a few pellet injuries that were treated, no major violence has been reported in Jammu and Kashmir. Speaking to media here, Jammu and Kashmir`s Additional Director General of Police (Law and Order), Munir Khan, had said the security forces and the administration were ensuring that there is no civilian casualty. "Law order situation is totally under control. There have been localised incidents in various parts of Srinagar and other districts, which have been contained. There have been no major injuries. There have been a few pellet injuries, they were treated. Our biggest endeavour is that no civil casualty should take place," Khan had said. Jammu and Kashmir Principal Secretary Rohit Kansal had said that authorities are assessing the situation on an area-to-area basis to decide on the restrictions that are in place. "Local authorities are keeping a close watch on the situations and offering relaxation wherever the situation warrants," he had said. Kansal had also said that "hospitals, medical facilities, civil supplies, national highways and airport continue to function normally".

Situation under control in Jammu and Kashmir, authorities to review restrictions

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) on Friday said that isolated places likely over East Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Central Madhya Pradesh are likely to receive heavy rainfall throughout the day.

The weather organisation also predicted heavy downpour in Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, West Uttar Pradesh, West Rajasthan, Konkan, Goa and Gujarat Region.

Thunderstorm accompanied by lightning is very likely at isolated places over Bihar, Gangetic West Bengal, and Odisha.

"Strong winds, speed reaching 45-55 kmph, are likely to prevail over central and southwest Arabian Sea. Squally weather likely to prevail over south Tamil Nadu coast and Comorin area," the IMD stated in its All India Weather Warning Bulletin.

The organisation has adviced fishermen not to venture into these areas for the next few days. &nbsp;

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) on Friday said that isolated places likely over East Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Central Madhya Pradesh are likely to receive heavy rainfall throughout the day.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) on Friday said that isolated places likely over East Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Central Madhya Pradesh are likely to receive heavy rainfall throughout the day. The weather organisation also predicted heavy downpour in Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, West Uttar Pradesh, West Rajasthan, Konkan, Goa and Gujarat Region. Thunderstorm accompanied by lightning is very likely at isolated places over Bihar, Gangetic West Bengal, and Odisha. "Strong winds, speed reaching 45-55 kmph, are likely to prevail over central and southwest Arabian Sea. Squally weather likely to prevail over south Tamil Nadu coast and Comorin area," the IMD stated in its All India Weather Warning Bulletin. The organisation has adviced fishermen not to venture into these areas for the next few days.

Heavy rain alert in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal, Madhya Pradesh

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chief-justice-of-india-gogoi-stops-short-of-fining-petitioner-challenging-article-370-adjourns-hearing-243274">Jammu and Kashmir </a>Governor, <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/jammu-and-kashmir-incomplete-without-kashmiri-pandits-governor-satya-pal-malik-243141">Satya Pal Mal</a>ik directed the Civil Secretariat Srinagar and government offices to resume normal functioning in the state from Friday.

Schools and other educational institutions are scheduled to reopen in Kashmir valley from August 19, News agency ANI reported citing government sources.

The decision to lift the restrictions in <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/pakistans-letter-on-kashmir-united-nations-security-council-to-hold-closed-door-talks-on-kashmir-today-243241">J&amp;K</a> comes three days after the Supreme Court&nbsp;said it will wait for the normalcy to return in the valley.

The court had earlier on Tuesday refused to ease restrictions in the state after the abrogation of Article 370. The petition, filed by social activist Tehseen Poonawala, sought lifting of curfew and other restrictions including blocking of phone lines, internet and news channels.

The Ministry of Home Affairs said on Tuesday that the restrictions in Jammu and Kashmir were being "eased out in a phased manner in the Valley".

Restrictions were eased out from Jammu&nbsp;division on Tuesday after assessment by relevant local authorities.

Centre last week abolished Article 370 and moved a separate bill to bifurcate the state into two separate union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh.

Since then, the state had been under lockdown and security forces were put on maximum alert to "pre-empt" and "prevent" any breach of security.

(With inputs from agencies)

&nbsp;

Jammu and Kashmir Governor, Satya Pal Malik directed the Civil Secretariat Srinagar and government offices to resume normal functioning in the state from Friday.

Jammu and Kashmir Governor, Satya Pal Malik directed the Civil Secretariat Srinagar and government offices to resume normal functioning in the state from Friday. Schools and other educational institutions are scheduled to reopen in Kashmir valley from August 19, News agency ANI reported citing government sources. The decision to lift the restrictions in J&K comes three days after the Supreme Court said it will wait for the normalcy to return in the valley. The court had earlier on Tuesday refused to ease restrictions in the state after the abrogation of Article 370. The petition, filed by social activist Tehseen Poonawala, sought lifting of curfew and other restrictions including blocking of phone lines, internet and news channels. The Ministry of Home Affairs said on Tuesday that the restrictions in Jammu and Kashmir were being "eased out in a phased manner in the Valley". Restrictions were eased out from Jammu division on Tuesday after assessment by relevant local authorities. Centre last week abolished Article 370 and moved a separate bill to bifurcate the state into two separate union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. Since then, the state had been under lockdown and security forces were put on maximum alert to "pre-empt" and "prevent" any breach of security. (With inputs from agencies)

Governor Satya Pal Malik directs government officers to resume normal functioning in Jammu and Kashmir from today

73rd Independence Day: PM Modi address nation for 92 minutes; Here are the top points of his speech. Watch video to know more.

73rd Independence Day: PM Modi address nation for 92 minutes; Here are the top points of his speech

Pakistan on Wednesday summoned Indian Deputy High Commissioner Gaurav Ahluwalia over alleged ceasefire violations along the Line of Control (LoC).

He was summoned by Mohammad Faisal, Pakistan's Director General for South Asia and SAARC, over the alleged incidents.

This development comes amid <a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/pakistans-outcry-over-kashmir-height-of-hypocrisy-shamelessness-says-baloch-activist-242681">heightened tensions between India and Pakistan</a> after the former's action to reorganize Jammu and Kashmir and remove provisions in Article 370, which gave special status to people of the state.

New Delhi has repeatedly urged Pakistan to "respect" the 2003 Ceasefire arrangement. However, Pakistan has regularly violated a ceasefire along the LoC.&nbsp;

Pakistan on Wednesday summoned Indian Deputy High Commissioner Gaurav Ahluwalia over alleged ceasefire violations along the Line of Control (LoC). He was summoned by Mohammad Faisal, Pakistan's Director General for South Asia and SAARC, over the alleged incidents.

Pakistan on Wednesday summoned Indian Deputy High Commissioner Gaurav Ahluwalia over alleged ceasefire violations along the Line of Control (LoC). He was summoned by Mohammad Faisal, Pakistan's Director General for South Asia and SAARC, over the alleged incidents. This development comes amid heightened tensions between India and Pakistan after the former's action to reorganize Jammu and Kashmir and remove provisions in Article 370, which gave special status to people of the state. New Delhi has repeatedly urged Pakistan to "respect" the 2003 Ceasefire arrangement. However, Pakistan has regularly violated a ceasefire along the LoC.

Pakistan summons Indian envoy over alleged ceasefire violation

Governor Satya Pal Malik hoisted the National Tricolour at the Sher-e-Kashmir stadium in the first Independence Day celebration in Jammu and Kashmir after the abrogation of its special status.

Governor Satya Pal Malik unfurls National Flag at Srinagar's Sher-i-Kashmir stadium

On the 73rd Independence Day, Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) officer Harshpal Singh, who is slated to receive the peacetime gallantry medal - Kirti Chakra today, recalled how he eliminated three Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/jammu-and-kashmir-terrorists-attack-police-party-in-anantnag-three-crpf-personnel-one-terrorist-killed-226570">terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir</a> last year.

Singh, a Deputy Commandant in the CRPF has won five gallantry awards since 2004 when he joined the CRPF.

"On September 12, 2018, we received an input that three JeM had fired at a police post and forged into a nearby jungle. To hunt them down, our team, along with the local police, launched a cordon and search operation in the area," said Singh, reminiscing the incident, which took place near the Mata Vaishno Devi University in Jammu's Jhajjar-Kotli.

The team took a sigh of relief when an informer told them that the terrorists were hiding in a house, with only a door and grilled window.

"We were relieved as the house had only one exit. The next morning, as we were advancing towards the spot, we got fired upon. As we had no cover, we crawled through to the house, from where they were firing. Next, we decided that one of us would go forward and do targetted firing at the door of the house to detest them from coming out of it," said Singh.

As a commander, Singh advanced and took cover behind a tree. "As I started firing, one of the terrorists, standing behind the door, got hit," he added.

As Singh, along with the team was contemplating what to do next, a bullet hit his shoulder.

Unfazed by the bleeding, he decided to stay at the spot and fire at the door.

"Had I left the spot at that point, the terrorists would have caused collateral damage to the people of the village," said Singh, with a gleaming smile.

As a last measure, they threw 2-3 grenades at us, which fell 8-10 metres away from me.&nbsp;

My left side got badly injured and I started bleeding profusely, he recalled.

"I came out of the cover of the tree and fired at the door again and killed the second terrorist. Later, another team took cover and killed the third terrorist. No villagers were hurt and the operation was completed," Singh said.

Harshpal Singh, who is the only CRPF Personnel to be awarded Kirti Chakra, thanked his team members for trusting in him during the counter-terrorist operation.

Singh has won several gallantry awards and is currently posted in Chhattisgarh's Dantewada district.

In 2008, he received his first award for neutralising five Naxals in the Hazaribagh area.

In 2014, he killed a Naxal with two lakh bounty on his head in Chhattisgarh`s Kunti area.

In 2015, he was awarded Police Medal (Gallantry) for killing the Naxal Zonal Commander in Kunti.&nbsp;

Later that year, he was accorded CM medal from in Jharkhand.

On the 73rd Independence Day, Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) officer Harshpal Singh, who is slated to receive the peacetime gallantry medal - Kirti Chakra today, recalled how he eliminated three Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir last year.

On the 73rd Independence Day, Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) officer Harshpal Singh, who is slated to receive the peacetime gallantry medal - Kirti Chakra today, recalled how he eliminated three Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir last year. Singh, a Deputy Commandant in the CRPF has won five gallantry awards since 2004 when he joined the CRPF. "On September 12, 2018, we received an input that three JeM had fired at a police post and forged into a nearby jungle. To hunt them down, our team, along with the local police, launched a cordon and search operation in the area," said Singh, reminiscing the incident, which took place near the Mata Vaishno Devi University in Jammu's Jhajjar-Kotli. The team took a sigh of relief when an informer told them that the terrorists were hiding in a house, with only a door and grilled window. "We were relieved as the house had only one exit. The next morning, as we were advancing towards the spot, we got fired upon. As we had no cover, we crawled through to the house, from where they were firing. Next, we decided that one of us would go forward and do targetted firing at the door of the house to detest them from coming out of it," said Singh. As a commander, Singh advanced and took cover behind a tree. "As I started firing, one of the terrorists, standing behind the door, got hit," he added. As Singh, along with the team was contemplating what to do next, a bullet hit his shoulder. Unfazed by the bleeding, he decided to stay at the spot and fire at the door. "Had I left the spot at that point, the terrorists would have caused collateral damage to the people of the village," said Singh, with a gleaming smile. As a last measure, they threw 2-3 grenades at us, which fell 8-10 metres away from me. My left side got badly injured and I started bleeding profusely, he recalled. "I came out of the cover of the tree and fired at the door again and killed the second terrorist. Later, another team took cover and killed the third terrorist. No villagers were hurt and the operation was completed," Singh said. Harshpal Singh, who is the only CRPF Personnel to be awarded Kirti Chakra, thanked his team members for trusting in him during the counter-terrorist operation. Singh has won several gallantry awards and is currently posted in Chhattisgarh's Dantewada district. In 2008, he received his first award for neutralising five Naxals in the Hazaribagh area. In 2014, he killed a Naxal with two lakh bounty on his head in Chhattisgarh`s Kunti area. In 2015, he was awarded Police Medal (Gallantry) for killing the Naxal Zonal Commander in Kunti. Later that year, he was accorded CM medal from in Jharkhand.

CRPF officer who killed 3 terrorists despite bullet injury is the recipient of Kirti Chakra

In a recent parliamentary debate in the Rajya Sabha, home minister Amit Shah said that Article 370 did not tie the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India. It was the ‘Instrument of Accession’, signed in 1947 two years before Article 370 was adopted, which made Kashmir a part of India. &nbsp;

However, it needs to be understood that Article 370, which allowed J&amp;K a separate constitution and autonomy in internal administration, was itself a culmination of the Instrument of Accession. &nbsp;

British India primarily consisted of ‘British provinces’ and ‘Indian states’, ruled respectively by British governors and native princes. The Government of India Act, 1935, proposed to make an All-India Federation by embracing both British provinces and Indian states. However, it could not be realised because accession on the part of states was voluntary and rulers were apprehensive about issues of sovereignty and finances in a federal structure.&nbsp;

After the Second World War, members of the British Cabinet — Lawrence, Cripps and Alexander — visited India in 1946 and proposed to create a Union of India by embracing both British provinces and Indian states, divide British provinces in three groups on a communal basis and form an interim government. It further proposed to form a Constituent Assembly for drafting separate constitutions for province, groups of state and the Union.&nbsp;

An interim government led by Congress party leader Jawaharlal Nehru was formed and later, the Muslim League — which was demanding the creation of Pakistan — also joined it. The Constituent Assembly elected by provincial legislatures met in Delhi in December 1946 for drafting the Constitution of India.&nbsp;

Meanwhile on February 20, 1947, British Prime Minister Clement Attlee announced in Parliament ‘to effect the transference of power to responsible Indian hands by June 1948’ and sent Lord Mountbatten as the Viceroy to hasten the process.&nbsp;

Based on the Mountbatten Plan of June 3, 1947, the Indian Independence Bill was enacted which partitioned India in two dominions — India and Pakistan, and ended paramountcy of the British Crown over Indian states.&nbsp;

Indian states had no option of becoming independent and were asked to negotiate with the new dominions. Subsequently, Sardar Patel, the home minister of interim government, negotiated with princes and integrated more than 550 states in the Indian dominion.&nbsp;

However, J&amp;K, a Muslim-dominated state ruled by Hindu Maharaja Hari Singh, did not join either dominion by August 15. VP Menon, the Political Reforms Commissioner, noted that the Maharaja was in dilemma. If he acceded to Pakistan, he apprehended the resentment of non-Muslims of Jammu and Ladakh, and of a considerable section of Muslims led by Sheikh Abdullah’s National Conference. &nbsp;

In these circumstances, the Maharaja toyed with the infeasible idea of an independent state. Amidst increasing pressure, J&amp;K announced its decision to negotiate a Standstill Agreement, maintaining the existing administrative structure until new arrangements were made. Pakistan signed the Agreement, but India wanted to examine its implications.

Meanwhile, the state was attacked by Pakistani ‘tribesman’ and the Maharaja asked for the assistance of the Indian Army. Before receiving help, he signed the Instrument of Accession with India on October 26, 1947, which declared that the state would be acceding defence, communications and foreign affairs, while some other areas would be subject to the state’s concurrence.&nbsp;

Article 7 of the document signed by the Maharaja noted that ‘Nothing in this instrument shall be deemed to commit me in any way to acceptance of any future Constitution of India.’&nbsp;

In May 1949, the rulers and chief ministers of all states agreed to accept the Constitution of India and resolved that separate constitutions for them was unnecessary.

However, representatives of J&amp;K in the Constituent Assembly, led by Sheikh Abdullah, insisted on the principles of Instrument of Accession. Accordingly, Article 370 was incorporated into the Indian Constitution, which allowed the concurrence of state’s Constituent Assembly before applying other articles of the Constitution.&nbsp;

Thereafter drafting of a separate constitution for J&amp;K began by its elected Constituent Assembly in 1951. Hence, it would be accurate to state that Article 370 was result of the Instrument of Accession. 
 
(This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the <a href="https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-contextualising-jk-s-integration-framing-of-art-370-2781811">original article</a>) 
 
(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)&nbsp;

In a recent parliamentary debate in the Rajya Sabha, home minister Amit Shah said that Article 370 did not tie the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India. It was the ‘Instrument of Accession’, signed in 1947 two years before Article 370 was adopted, which made Kashmir a part of India.

In a recent parliamentary debate in the Rajya Sabha, home minister Amit Shah said that Article 370 did not tie the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India. It was the ‘Instrument of Accession’, signed in 1947 two years before Article 370 was adopted, which made Kashmir a part of India. However, it needs to be understood that Article 370, which allowed J&K a separate constitution and autonomy in internal administration, was itself a culmination of the Instrument of Accession. British India primarily consisted of ‘British provinces’ and ‘Indian states’, ruled respectively by British governors and native princes. The Government of India Act, 1935, proposed to make an All-India Federation by embracing both British provinces and Indian states. However, it could not be realised because accession on the part of states was voluntary and rulers were apprehensive about issues of sovereignty and finances in a federal structure. After the Second World War, members of the British Cabinet — Lawrence, Cripps and Alexander — visited India in 1946 and proposed to create a Union of India by embracing both British provinces and Indian states, divide British provinces in three groups on a communal basis and form an interim government. It further proposed to form a Constituent Assembly for drafting separate constitutions for province, groups of state and the Union. An interim government led by Congress party leader Jawaharlal Nehru was formed and later, the Muslim League — which was demanding the creation of Pakistan — also joined it. The Constituent Assembly elected by provincial legislatures met in Delhi in December 1946 for drafting the Constitution of India. Meanwhile on February 20, 1947, British Prime Minister Clement Attlee announced in Parliament ‘to effect the transference of power to responsible Indian hands by June 1948’ and sent Lord Mountbatten as the Viceroy to hasten the process. Based on the Mountbatten Plan of June 3, 1947, the Indian Independence Bill was enacted which partitioned India in two dominions — India and Pakistan, and ended paramountcy of the British Crown over Indian states. Indian states had no option of becoming independent and were asked to negotiate with the new dominions. Subsequently, Sardar Patel, the home minister of interim government, negotiated with princes and integrated more than 550 states in the Indian dominion. However, J&K, a Muslim-dominated state ruled by Hindu Maharaja Hari Singh, did not join either dominion by August 15. VP Menon, the Political Reforms Commissioner, noted that the Maharaja was in dilemma. If he acceded to Pakistan, he apprehended the resentment of non-Muslims of Jammu and Ladakh, and of a considerable section of Muslims led by Sheikh Abdullah’s National Conference. In these circumstances, the Maharaja toyed with the infeasible idea of an independent state. Amidst increasing pressure, J&K announced its decision to negotiate a Standstill Agreement, maintaining the existing administrative structure until new arrangements were made. Pakistan signed the Agreement, but India wanted to examine its implications. Meanwhile, the state was attacked by Pakistani ‘tribesman’ and the Maharaja asked for the assistance of the Indian Army. Before receiving help, he signed the Instrument of Accession with India on October 26, 1947, which declared that the state would be acceding defence, communications and foreign affairs, while some other areas would be subject to the state’s concurrence. Article 7 of the document signed by the Maharaja noted that ‘Nothing in this instrument shall be deemed to commit me in any way to acceptance of any future Constitution of India.’ In May 1949, the rulers and chief ministers of all states agreed to accept the Constitution of India and resolved that separate constitutions for them was unnecessary. However, representatives of J&K in the Constituent Assembly, led by Sheikh Abdullah, insisted on the principles of Instrument of Accession. Accordingly, Article 370 was incorporated into the Indian Constitution, which allowed the concurrence of state’s Constituent Assembly before applying other articles of the Constitution. Thereafter drafting of a separate constitution for J&K began by its elected Constituent Assembly in 1951. Hence, it would be accurate to state that Article 370 was result of the Instrument of Accession. (This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

Contextualising Jammu and Kashmir's integration and framing of Article 370

Northern Army Commander Lt Gen Ranbir Singh on Thursday said that for the last few days Pakistan has been attempting to push in infiltrators.

"For the past few days, there have been attempts by Pakistan to push in infiltrators. Such infiltration attempts have been supported by ceasefire violations," the Army Commander said while speaking to ANI.

"However, the Indian Army is totally alert. We have been able to foil all such attempts at the Line of Control (LoC) itself," he said.

The Army Commander also said that Pakistan is also attempting to push in terrorists in the hinterland.

"Our counter-terrorism grid in the hinterland and the multi-tiered counter-infiltration grid along the LoC are effective. We have been able to ensure peace and security both along the LoC as also in the hinterland," he said.

"Whenever there are any attempts by Pakistan to push in infiltrators or carry out any actions along the LoC, or ceasefire violations, they get a befitting reply from the Indian Army. But, overall the situation is under control," he said.

Lt Gen Singh said the situation in the hinterland is also under control.

"The civil administration has been able to keep the situation under check. It is being monitored regularly. Regular decisions are taken so that we are able to ensure peace and security in the hinterland and also to see that the degree of difficulty to the common citizens is reduced significantly," said the Army Commander.

"Jammu and Kashmir Police and Central Armed Police Forces have also been able to effectively put a check on any kind of wrong activities or attempts by Pakistan to vitiate internal security atmosphere in the hinterland," he added.

Lt Gen Singh said the Indian Army is also monitoring the situation very closely in the hinterland.

"We are fully prepared. Whenever the situation arises, we are prepared to take on any challenge. I would only like to mention that our prime concern while conducting any action in the hinterland is to ensure peace and security of our citizens," he said.

Earlier, the Army Commander celebrated the 73rd Independence Day with troops. He was accompanied by the Chinar Corps Commander Lt Gen KJS Dhillon.

While interacting with troops, he lauded them for their professionalism and conveyed his best wishes to them on the occasion of Independence Day and Raksha Bandhan.

"I am also here to congratulate you on your good work. I am aware of how you are working in a challenging region and I am proud that all your units are performing well. I congratulate you all for that. I would like those who are not present here...they are conveyed my greetings," he said while interacting with troops.

The Army Commander during his interaction said that challenges which come our way are not easy to guess, "but it is necessary that we remain prepared to tackle challenges."

"You are aware of how the neighbouring country is trying to push infiltration to cause damage. That is why it is necessary that we understand the nefarious intentions and thwart these. You have been doing this well till now," he said.

"This is an identity of a great team that whatever task is assigned to you by the senior officers, you perform it with all the hard work and dedication. I pray to god for your well being," he said.&nbsp;

Northern Army Commander Lt Gen Ranbir Singh on Thursday said that for the last few days Pakistan has been attempting to push in infiltrators. "For the past few days, there have been attempts by Pakistan to push in infiltrators.

Northern Army Commander Lt Gen Ranbir Singh on Thursday said that for the last few days Pakistan has been attempting to push in infiltrators. "For the past few days, there have been attempts by Pakistan to push in infiltrators. Such infiltration attempts have been supported by ceasefire violations," the Army Commander said while speaking to ANI. "However, the Indian Army is totally alert. We have been able to foil all such attempts at the Line of Control (LoC) itself," he said. The Army Commander also said that Pakistan is also attempting to push in terrorists in the hinterland. "Our counter-terrorism grid in the hinterland and the multi-tiered counter-infiltration grid along the LoC are effective. We have been able to ensure peace and security both along the LoC as also in the hinterland," he said. "Whenever there are any attempts by Pakistan to push in infiltrators or carry out any actions along the LoC, or ceasefire violations, they get a befitting reply from the Indian Army. But, overall the situation is under control," he said. Lt Gen Singh said the situation in the hinterland is also under control. "The civil administration has been able to keep the situation under check. It is being monitored regularly. Regular decisions are taken so that we are able to ensure peace and security in the hinterland and also to see that the degree of difficulty to the common citizens is reduced significantly," said the Army Commander. "Jammu and Kashmir Police and Central Armed Police Forces have also been able to effectively put a check on any kind of wrong activities or attempts by Pakistan to vitiate internal security atmosphere in the hinterland," he added. Lt Gen Singh said the Indian Army is also monitoring the situation very closely in the hinterland. "We are fully prepared. Whenever the situation arises, we are prepared to take on any challenge. I would only like to mention that our prime concern while conducting any action in the hinterland is to ensure peace and security of our citizens," he said. Earlier, the Army Commander celebrated the 73rd Independence Day with troops. He was accompanied by the Chinar Corps Commander Lt Gen KJS Dhillon. While interacting with troops, he lauded them for their professionalism and conveyed his best wishes to them on the occasion of Independence Day and Raksha Bandhan. "I am also here to congratulate you on your good work. I am aware of how you are working in a challenging region and I am proud that all your units are performing well. I congratulate you all for that. I would like those who are not present here...they are conveyed my greetings," he said while interacting with troops. The Army Commander during his interaction said that challenges which come our way are not easy to guess, "but it is necessary that we remain prepared to tackle challenges." "You are aware of how the neighbouring country is trying to push infiltration to cause damage. That is why it is necessary that we understand the nefarious intentions and thwart these. You have been doing this well till now," he said. "This is an identity of a great team that whatever task is assigned to you by the senior officers, you perform it with all the hard work and dedication. I pray to god for your well being," he said.

Pakistan attempting to push in infiltrators: Northern Army Commander

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on Thursday hoisted the tri-colour here on the occasion of 73rd Independence Day.

Speaking at the event, Adityanath said that revocation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir is an unprecedented step in the direction of 'one India, great India'.

The chief minister said that he is thankful to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah for taking this step which the country felt was necessary soon after the independence.

Adityanath said that Independence Day is Resolution day for us. "We should get united with the resolution to provide benefits of government schemes to the person at the lowest rung of the ladder and to make the country's economy reach the top spot."

Speaking about the state's efforts to benefit sugarcane farmers, the chief minister said, "in the last two years, the Uttar Pradesh government has succeeded in paying more than Rs 72,000 crore to sugarcane farmers."

Adityanath further said, "Prime Minister Modi has set the target to make our economy reach 5 trillion dollar mark and in this respect, we should set a target for Uttar Pardesh to become 1 trillion dollar economy and start working for that."

He said, "Today is also the festival of Raksha Bandhan and we will soon come up with 'Uttar Pradesh Kanya Sumangala Yojana'&nbsp;which is a forward step in the direction of 'Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao'&nbsp;initiative."

"Tree plantation drive has yielded great results with more than 22 crores trees planted on August Kranti Diwas. This move was appreciated within the country and around the world," he added.&nbsp;

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on Thursday hoisted the tri-colour here on the occasion of 73rd Independence Day. Speaking at the event, Adityanath said that revocation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir is an unprecedented step in the direction of 'one India, great India'.

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on Thursday hoisted the tri-colour here on the occasion of 73rd Independence Day. Speaking at the event, Adityanath said that revocation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir is an unprecedented step in the direction of 'one India, great India'. The chief minister said that he is thankful to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah for taking this step which the country felt was necessary soon after the independence. Adityanath said that Independence Day is Resolution day for us. "We should get united with the resolution to provide benefits of government schemes to the person at the lowest rung of the ladder and to make the country's economy reach the top spot." Speaking about the state's efforts to benefit sugarcane farmers, the chief minister said, "in the last two years, the Uttar Pradesh government has succeeded in paying more than Rs 72,000 crore to sugarcane farmers." Adityanath further said, "Prime Minister Modi has set the target to make our economy reach 5 trillion dollar mark and in this respect, we should set a target for Uttar Pardesh to become 1 trillion dollar economy and start working for that." He said, "Today is also the festival of Raksha Bandhan and we will soon come up with 'Uttar Pradesh Kanya Sumangala Yojana' which is a forward step in the direction of 'Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao' initiative." "Tree plantation drive has yielded great results with more than 22 crores trees planted on August Kranti Diwas. This move was appreciated within the country and around the world," he added.

Revocation of Article 370 unprecedented step in formation of 'One India, Great India': Adityanath

China calls for closed-door talks on Jammu and Kashmir. Watch this video to know more.

WION Dispatch: China calls for closed-door talks on Jammu and Kashmir

Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the nation on the 73rd Independence Day on Thursday (today) from the ramparts of iconic Red Fort in the national capital. Watch this video to know more.

India now talking about one nation, one election: PM in  Independence Day address

Jammu and Kashmir is incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits, said Governor Satya Pal Malik after hoisting the national flag at Sher-e-Kashmir stadium in Srinagar to mark the occasion of India`s 73rd Independence Day.&nbsp;

"Jammu and Kashmir is incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits. The administration is committed towards their homecoming and rehabilitation in Kashmir. This is possible with the support and cooperation of all stakeholders including Valley people who share a social and cultural bond with the Kashmiri migrants," Malik said. 
 
Congratulating Kashmiri people for cooperating with the administration during the Amarnath Yatra and concluding it in a peaceful manner, he said: "Over 3 lakh pilgrims paid a visit to the Holy cave. Hajj and Amarnath were organised in a manner which is an excellent example of the true essence of Kashmiriyat which is exemplary for its communal harmony." 
 
The Governor asserted that 3,000 vacancies out of 6,000 in the public sector were established for Kashmiri migrant Pandits and these vacancies are soon to be filled. "The process for recruitment against the remaining 3000 posts out of 6000 created for Kashmiri migrants and the construction of transit accommodation for the employees serving in the Valley has been expedited," he said. 
 
Malik informed that the foundation stone for new Kushak Bakula Rimpoche Airport terminal building at Leh has been laid and the process is underway to establish a full-fledged commercial airport at Kargil. 
 
The process to establish the second tier of the Panchayats has been initiated for which the elections to the block development councils shall be held very soon, he said."I request all elected Panches and Sarpanches to come forward and participate in these elections. 
 
Both Block Development Councils and District Development Boards play a key role in ensuring the participation of people and development in their respective areas," he added. Recalling government`s "Back to Village" programme to address the problems of locals in the remote areas, he said: "Over 4,500 Gazetted Officers of the state visited the Panchayats and stayed there for two days. They interacted with the people to resolve their grievances. 
 
Speaking about Ladakh, he said Ladakh`s people demand has been fulfilled with the formation of a Union Territory of Ladakh."The formation of Ladakh as a new territory will enable the people of Ladakh to realise their aspirations despite the difficult terrain. My administration had created a separate Revenue and Administrative Division for 'Ladakh'&nbsp;comprising the districts of Leh and Kargil with a divisional commissioner and an inspector general of police. Around 495 posts were also sanctioned for staffing the various departments of this division," Malik said. 
 
He said that a separate University has been established for Ladakh region for which a vice-chancellor has been appointed and now students do not have to move outside Ladakh for higher studies.&nbsp;

Jammu and Kashmir is incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits, said Governor Satya Pal Malik after hoisting the national flag at Sher-e-Kashmir stadium in Srinagar to mark the occasion of India`s 73rd Independence Day.

Jammu and Kashmir is incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits, said Governor Satya Pal Malik after hoisting the national flag at Sher-e-Kashmir stadium in Srinagar to mark the occasion of India`s 73rd Independence Day. "Jammu and Kashmir is incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits. The administration is committed towards their homecoming and rehabilitation in Kashmir. This is possible with the support and cooperation of all stakeholders including Valley people who share a social and cultural bond with the Kashmiri migrants," Malik said. Congratulating Kashmiri people for cooperating with the administration during the Amarnath Yatra and concluding it in a peaceful manner, he said: "Over 3 lakh pilgrims paid a visit to the Holy cave. Hajj and Amarnath were organised in a manner which is an excellent example of the true essence of Kashmiriyat which is exemplary for its communal harmony." The Governor asserted that 3,000 vacancies out of 6,000 in the public sector were established for Kashmiri migrant Pandits and these vacancies are soon to be filled. "The process for recruitment against the remaining 3000 posts out of 6000 created for Kashmiri migrants and the construction of transit accommodation for the employees serving in the Valley has been expedited," he said. Malik informed that the foundation stone for new Kushak Bakula Rimpoche Airport terminal building at Leh has been laid and the process is underway to establish a full-fledged commercial airport at Kargil. The process to establish the second tier of the Panchayats has been initiated for which the elections to the block development councils shall be held very soon, he said."I request all elected Panches and Sarpanches to come forward and participate in these elections. Both Block Development Councils and District Development Boards play a key role in ensuring the participation of people and development in their respective areas," he added. Recalling government`s "Back to Village" programme to address the problems of locals in the remote areas, he said: "Over 4,500 Gazetted Officers of the state visited the Panchayats and stayed there for two days. They interacted with the people to resolve their grievances. Speaking about Ladakh, he said Ladakh`s people demand has been fulfilled with the formation of a Union Territory of Ladakh."The formation of Ladakh as a new territory will enable the people of Ladakh to realise their aspirations despite the difficult terrain. My administration had created a separate Revenue and Administrative Division for 'Ladakh' comprising the districts of Leh and Kargil with a divisional commissioner and an inspector general of police. Around 495 posts were also sanctioned for staffing the various departments of this division," Malik said. He said that a separate University has been established for Ladakh region for which a vice-chancellor has been appointed and now students do not have to move outside Ladakh for higher studies.

Jammu and Kashmir incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits: Governor Satya Pal Malik

Pakistan has made yet another desperate attempt to internationalise the scrapping of <a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions/bringing-down-article-370-wall-the-battle-to-contain-jihad-in-jammu-kashmir-has-just-begun-242339">Article 370</a> in Jammu and Kashmir by India. In his Independence Day address to the nation, Pakistan President <a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/a-look-at-pakistans-new-president-arif-alvis-india-connect-163703">Arif-ur-Rehman Alvi </a>has called for waging<a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions/dont-talk-to-pakistan-until-it-dismantles-terror-facilities-236028"> jihad against India.</a> 
&nbsp; 
"We are a peace-loving country, we don't war. But if war is imposed on us by India then it will not be limited between the two countries. The whole world will get affected by it and then only Jihad and akhirat (doomsday) will be left as an option for us," Alvi said. 
&nbsp; 
He also appealed to his countrymen to use social media to raise the Kashmir issue. 
&nbsp; 
This comes a day after Pakistan foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi on Tuesday asked Pakistanis to not live in a "fool's paradise" by expecting United Nations Security Council to "wait with garlands" to support Islamabad's contentions regarding India's decision to abrogate Kashmir's special status. 
&nbsp; 
Pakistan has been desperately trying to internationalise the issue but United Nations Security Council (UNSC) asked Pakistan and India to address the issue bilaterally. 
&nbsp; 
On August 5, the Narendra Modi-led government ended the special status accorded to Jammu and Kashmir by scrapping Articles 370 and 35A of the Indian Constitution. Home Minister Amit Shah presented the bill to this regard in the Upper House of Parliament (Rajya Sabha), which easily sailed through, and subsequently got the nod from the Lower House of Lok Sabha too. 
&nbsp; 
The international community has stood behind India after the decision. The Maldives, United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Bhutan have called it an internal matter of India. 
&nbsp; 
Pakistan, on its part, has downgraded bilateral ties with India and suspended all bilateral trade activities, communication, and railways, which facilitated people-to-people ties between each other.

Pakistan has made yet another desperate attempt to internationalise the scrapping of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir by India. In his Independence Day address to the nation, Pakistan President Arif-ur-Rehman Alvi has called for waging jihad against India.

Pakistan has made yet another desperate attempt to internationalise the scrapping of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir by India. In his Independence Day address to the nation, Pakistan President Arif-ur-Rehman Alvi has called for waging jihad against India. "We are a peace-loving country, we don't war. But if war is imposed on us by India then it will not be limited between the two countries. The whole world will get affected by it and then only Jihad and akhirat (doomsday) will be left as an option for us," Alvi said. He also appealed to his countrymen to use social media to raise the Kashmir issue. This comes a day after Pakistan foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi on Tuesday asked Pakistanis to not live in a "fool's paradise" by expecting United Nations Security Council to "wait with garlands" to support Islamabad's contentions regarding India's decision to abrogate Kashmir's special status. Pakistan has been desperately trying to internationalise the issue but United Nations Security Council (UNSC) asked Pakistan and India to address the issue bilaterally. On August 5, the Narendra Modi-led government ended the special status accorded to Jammu and Kashmir by scrapping Articles 370 and 35A of the Indian Constitution. Home Minister Amit Shah presented the bill to this regard in the Upper House of Parliament (Rajya Sabha), which easily sailed through, and subsequently got the nod from the Lower House of Lok Sabha too. The international community has stood behind India after the decision. The Maldives, United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Bhutan have called it an internal matter of India. Pakistan, on its part, has downgraded bilateral ties with India and suspended all bilateral trade activities, communication, and railways, which facilitated people-to-people ties between each other.

Pakistan's warmongering over scrapping of Article 370, President Alvi calls for jihad against India

Restrictions have been lifted in Jammu and schools and other establishments are functioning, said Muneer Khan, Additional Director General of Police, Law and Order, Jammu and Kashmir on Wednesday.

Restrictions have been lifted in Jammu and schools and other establishments are functioning, said Muneer Khan, Additional Director General of Police, Law and Order, Jammu and Kashmir on Wednesday. Khan said restrictions aren't imposed in a generalised manner but in certain places in Kashmir. He said their focus is on August 15 and all arrangements are in place to ensure peaceful celebrations across the state. #WATCH: Munir Khan, ADGP, #JammuAndKasmir Police on preparation for Independence Day: Everything is in place. Celebrate 15th August, 'dabake.' pic.twitter.com/kRNPLNCPsi — ANI (@ANI) August 14, 2019 × There have been localised incidents in various parts of Srinagar and other districts, which have been contained,'' the ADGP said and added that there have been no major injuries. A few pellet injuries have been treated, he said and added, ''Our biggest endeavour is that no civil casualty should take place.'' The ADGP also said that he was taking measures to thwart propaganda videos. ''When a new situation of law and order arises, opposite parties including the neighbouring states take the initiative of unleashing the propaganda. Videos of 2016 and 2010 are in circulation now, that is part of propaganda. We're taking all measures to thwart these attempts,'' he added.

All arrangements in place to ensure peaceful celebrations on August 15: J&K ADGP

Kashmir has often been presented globally as some sort of Indian military occupation over Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir (J&amp;K).&nbsp;

A brief history would help in understanding this conflict better. The state of J&amp;K was primarily a Hindu state until the 14th century. Few modern Indians are aware that Kashmir is the birthplace of Shaivism – one of the major traditions in Hinduism that reveres Lord Shiva.&nbsp;

The tutelary deity of classical Kashmir was Sharada, a manifestation of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of wisdom, whose prayers refer to her as “Kashmira-pura-vasini” (she who resides in Kashmir). Because of such civilisational connections from pre-Islamic Kashmir, the place holds a significant religious value for Hindus.&nbsp;

Fast-forwarding to 1947, during the Partition of India, Kashmir’s king Hari Singh decided to bide his time in deciding the fate of the state of J&amp;K. During this uncertainty, the newly-formed Islamic Republic of Pakistan-backed militants invaded Kashmir.&nbsp;

Hari Singh turned to India for protection in return for acceding the whole J&amp;K, including the present day ‘Pakistan occupied Kashmir’ (PoK) to India unconditionally. There was no demand for autonomy or Article 370 during the accession.&nbsp;

Nehru, struck a deal with Sheikh Abdullah, a self-proclaimed leader of Kashmiri Muslims, to grant special status to J&amp;K and Article 370 came into existence, long after Kashmir actually acceded to India.&nbsp;

J&amp;K state comprises three parts: Muslim-majority Kashmir Valley, Hindu- majority Jammu and Buddhist Hindu- dominated Ladakh, which constitutes of 65% of J&amp;K’s territory. Yet it was the Kashmir Valley that has dominated the discourse.&nbsp;

Pakistan found this situation perfect to meddle in India’s internal matters in the name of religious affinity. In addition to illegally holding on to PoK, Pakistan’s continuous meddling in the state’s affairs through Kashmiri politicians and separatists gave it a religious angle.&nbsp;

Even after Partition, more Muslims decided to stay in India than there were in Pakistan, as India vowed not to discriminate based on religion. A Muslim majority state of J&amp;K was never a problem for rest of the country. But continuous radicalisation of youth there eventually made it a religious conflict.&nbsp;

Until 1980s, when terrorists’ infiltration increased in Kashmir valley, there was no heavy Indian army presence in the valley. However, in the late 1980s, the Abdullah government gave in to terrorists’ call to ethnically cleanse the valley of Kashmiri Pandits, the Hindu minority.&nbsp;

Amid complete collapse of the administration, taped slogans were repeatedly played during those nights of 1990 from mosques all over Kashmir valley: ‘Yahan kya chalega, Nizam-e-Mustafa’ (What do we want here? Rule of Shariah). On the dark night of January 19, 1990, the worst nightmares of Kashmiri Pandits came true. Screaming from loud speakers and crowded streets was a message for the Sikhs and Hindus living in Kashmir - either convert to Islam, leave the land, or die.&nbsp;

Terror apologists conveniently ignore these events that led to the heavy presence of the Indian Army in the 1990s. &nbsp;Kashmiri Pandits were made refugees in their own country.&nbsp;

Jammu and Ladakh did not want to meet this fate and hence Army presence was maintained in the state since 1990. Jammu and Ladakh constantly demanded that article 370 be removed and that they be ruled as Union Territories, directly through Delhi to escape the tyranny of Kashmir valley-based politicians.

It is time the world took cognisance of the fact that Article 370 was discriminatory against women, LGBT, Hindu minorities and it kept J&amp;K deprived of development.&nbsp;

When the rest of India celebrated giving rights to LGBT fraternity, Article 370 ensured that in J&amp;K they would be persecuted. When the Indian government passed laws for benefiting the Dalits, this article made sure that the benefits don’t reach them.&nbsp;

When India decided to spend 10% of central funds despite J&amp;K having only 1% of the country’s population, Article 370 ensured that it never reached those at the bottom, but was misused by two select families.&nbsp;

Removal of 370 not only heralds an era of progress for J&amp;K, but has also saved a part of India’s cultural heritage from getting destroyed and a chapter of India’s civilisational history from getting erased. It is time to correct historical wrongs.&nbsp;

(This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the <a href="https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-kashmir-birthplace-of-shaivism-a-major-hindu-tradition-2781548">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Kashmir has often been presented globally as some sort of Indian military occupation over Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). A brief history would help in understanding this conflict better.

Kashmir has often been presented globally as some sort of Indian military occupation over Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). A brief history would help in understanding this conflict better. The state of J&K was primarily a Hindu state until the 14th century. Few modern Indians are aware that Kashmir is the birthplace of Shaivism – one of the major traditions in Hinduism that reveres Lord Shiva. The tutelary deity of classical Kashmir was Sharada, a manifestation of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of wisdom, whose prayers refer to her as “Kashmira-pura-vasini” (she who resides in Kashmir). Because of such civilisational connections from pre-Islamic Kashmir, the place holds a significant religious value for Hindus. Fast-forwarding to 1947, during the Partition of India, Kashmir’s king Hari Singh decided to bide his time in deciding the fate of the state of J&K. During this uncertainty, the newly-formed Islamic Republic of Pakistan-backed militants invaded Kashmir. Hari Singh turned to India for protection in return for acceding the whole J&K, including the present day ‘Pakistan occupied Kashmir’ (PoK) to India unconditionally. There was no demand for autonomy or Article 370 during the accession. Nehru, struck a deal with Sheikh Abdullah, a self-proclaimed leader of Kashmiri Muslims, to grant special status to J&K and Article 370 came into existence, long after Kashmir actually acceded to India. J&K state comprises three parts: Muslim-majority Kashmir Valley, Hindu- majority Jammu and Buddhist Hindu- dominated Ladakh, which constitutes of 65% of J&K’s territory. Yet it was the Kashmir Valley that has dominated the discourse. Pakistan found this situation perfect to meddle in India’s internal matters in the name of religious affinity. In addition to illegally holding on to PoK, Pakistan’s continuous meddling in the state’s affairs through Kashmiri politicians and separatists gave it a religious angle. Even after Partition, more Muslims decided to stay in India than there were in Pakistan, as India vowed not to discriminate based on religion. A Muslim majority state of J&K was never a problem for rest of the country. But continuous radicalisation of youth there eventually made it a religious conflict. Until 1980s, when terrorists’ infiltration increased in Kashmir valley, there was no heavy Indian army presence in the valley. However, in the late 1980s, the Abdullah government gave in to terrorists’ call to ethnically cleanse the valley of Kashmiri Pandits, the Hindu minority. Amid complete collapse of the administration, taped slogans were repeatedly played during those nights of 1990 from mosques all over Kashmir valley: ‘Yahan kya chalega, Nizam-e-Mustafa’ (What do we want here? Rule of Shariah). On the dark night of January 19, 1990, the worst nightmares of Kashmiri Pandits came true. Screaming from loud speakers and crowded streets was a message for the Sikhs and Hindus living in Kashmir - either convert to Islam, leave the land, or die. Terror apologists conveniently ignore these events that led to the heavy presence of the Indian Army in the 1990s. Kashmiri Pandits were made refugees in their own country. Jammu and Ladakh did not want to meet this fate and hence Army presence was maintained in the state since 1990. Jammu and Ladakh constantly demanded that article 370 be removed and that they be ruled as Union Territories, directly through Delhi to escape the tyranny of Kashmir valley-based politicians. It is time the world took cognisance of the fact that Article 370 was discriminatory against women, LGBT, Hindu minorities and it kept J&K deprived of development. When the rest of India celebrated giving rights to LGBT fraternity, Article 370 ensured that in J&K they would be persecuted. When the Indian government passed laws for benefiting the Dalits, this article made sure that the benefits don’t reach them. When India decided to spend 10% of central funds despite J&K having only 1% of the country’s population, Article 370 ensured that it never reached those at the bottom, but was misused by two select families. Removal of 370 not only heralds an era of progress for J&K, but has also saved a part of India’s cultural heritage from getting destroyed and a chapter of India’s civilisational history from getting erased. It is time to correct historical wrongs. (This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

Removal of Article 370 heralds an era of progress for Jammu and Kashmir

Pakistan Prime Minister has said India plans to launch an attack in <a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/solve-your-issues-with-india-bilaterally-russia-tells-pakistan-243014">Pakistan occupied Kashmir(PoK)</a> and this one can be bigger than the Balakot strike, which was New Delhi's counter-terror strike on Jaish-e-Mohammad (JEM) terror camps. &nbsp;

JEM was the group behind the Pulwama attack on 14th February that killed over 40 Indian security personnel. &nbsp;

Imran Khan who speaking in the so-called legislative assembly of PoK on the occasion of Pakistan's Independence Day said: "India has a plan ready for action in Pakistan occupied Kashmir and like after Pulwama, India took action in Balakot, this can be bigger."

He hinted at an impending war with India for which he said his country was ready.

Watch Video:

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/wion-dispatch-india-surges-ahead-pakistan-lags-behind-243003/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"We are ready, our military forces and society are on the same page, and we have decided, if they do any violation, which they have planned, we are ready for it", Khan said.

Blaming the international community, he said, "when this war happens, we are telling the international community, they will be responsible... its a trial for United Nations now."

Meanwhile, the so-called PM of PoK&nbsp;Raja Farooq Haider has said the line of control(LoC)&nbsp;will now be the "ceasefire line" and a notification in this regard will be issued soon.

While there were several provocative anti-India rhetoric by Imran Khan, <a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/pakistans-warmongering-over-scrapping-of-article-370-president-alvi-calls-for-jihad-against-india-242906">President of Pakistan</a> Arif Alvi and Pakistani Army were not far behind.

Earlier in the day, the Pakistan President had talked about an impending war. President Alvi said, "We are a peace-loving country, but if War is imposed on us by India then it will not be limited between two countries.. the whole world will get affected by it and then only jihad and resolve will be left as an option for us."

Rawalpindi also put views across in the backdrop of Indian government's decision on August 5 to bifurcate the state.

"Pakistan Army is fully alive to the sanctity of Jammu &amp; Kashmir and will remain fully ready to perform its part in line with our national duty for the Kashmir cause", Asif Ghafoor, Pakistan spokesperson had tweeted.

Pakistan Prime Minister has said India plans to launch an attack in Pakistan occupied Kashmir(PoK) and this one can be bigger than the Balakot strike, which was New Delhi's counter-terror strike on Jaish-e-Mohammad (JEM) terror camps.

Pakistan Prime Minister has said India plans to launch an attack in Pakistan occupied Kashmir(PoK) and this one can be bigger than the Balakot strike, which was New Delhi's counter-terror strike on Jaish-e-Mohammad (JEM) terror camps. JEM was the group behind the Pulwama attack on 14th February that killed over 40 Indian security personnel. Imran Khan who speaking in the so-called legislative assembly of PoK on the occasion of Pakistan's Independence Day said: "India has a plan ready for action in Pakistan occupied Kashmir and like after Pulwama, India took action in Balakot, this can be bigger." He hinted at an impending war with India for which he said his country was ready. Watch Video: "We are ready, our military forces and society are on the same page, and we have decided, if they do any violation, which they have planned, we are ready for it", Khan said. Blaming the international community, he said, "when this war happens, we are telling the international community, they will be responsible... its a trial for United Nations now." Meanwhile, the so-called PM of PoK Raja Farooq Haider has said the line of control(LoC) will now be the "ceasefire line" and a notification in this regard will be issued soon. While there were several provocative anti-India rhetoric by Imran Khan, President of Pakistan Arif Alvi and Pakistani Army were not far behind. Earlier in the day, the Pakistan President had talked about an impending war. President Alvi said, "We are a peace-loving country, but if War is imposed on us by India then it will not be limited between two countries.. the whole world will get affected by it and then only jihad and resolve will be left as an option for us." Rawalpindi also put views across in the backdrop of Indian government's decision on August 5 to bifurcate the state. "Pakistan Army is fully alive to the sanctity of Jammu & Kashmir and will remain fully ready to perform its part in line with our national duty for the Kashmir cause", Asif Ghafoor, Pakistan spokesperson had tweeted.

India planning bigger attack than Balakot: Imran Khan in PoK assembly

While scrapping Article 370 means different things to different people, there’s no denying that things will never be the same again. The status quo has been changed.&nbsp;

A strong government has called Pakistan’s nuclear bluff while launching surgical strikes in Jammu and Kashmir (J&amp;K) in 2016 and aerial strikes in Balakot this year.&nbsp;

It is important to see these developments from the prism of security. Despite barriers created by Article 370, some provisions did exist for investment from companies from outside the state, but when India’s growth story was taking a leap in the 1990s, the security situation in J&amp;K was bad enough to scare away the most stout-hearted.&nbsp;

Meeting the growth aspirations of the youth needs private sector participation as the government and public sector are not enough. Any number of incentives cannot help bring in investment if there is no peace in the Kashmir Valley. Therefore, it does boil down to providing a safe and secure environment to foster development. &nbsp;

Purely from a security perspective, whittling down of Article 370 in J&amp;K is a welcome step. Security concerns can be addressed better than before, without local pressures.

What are the security implications now? The UN response has been cautious, while making expected diplomatic observations. The US and most other countries have, by and large, taken a stand that it is an internal matter and differences, if any, must be resolved through dialogue peacefully.&nbsp;

What is more important here is the response and attitude of our immediate neighbours, whose territories run contiguous with J&amp;K and Ladakh.

China has somewhat diplomatically, asked India and Pakistan to exercise restraint, saying they should avoid actions that “unilaterally” change the status quo and exacerbate tensions between them, even as it voiced “serious concern” over the situation in Kashmir.&nbsp;

Beijing has, however, expressed its opposition to India’s move to create a separate Union Territory of Ladakh. There has been an exchange of statements and counter statements, but their attitude stops short of being belligerent.&nbsp;

De-hyphenating Ladakh from J&amp;K has its parallel in change of status of Gilgit-Baltistan vis-à-vis Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). Sino-Indian dialogues that include Tibet, Taiwan and Xinjiang will now have Ladakh added on.&nbsp;

The moves seem to have taken Pakistan completely by surprise, putting it at a loss for a suitable response. But Islamabad has no choice. It has to express solidarity with Kashmir as it’s the glue that binds their country together and enshrines the importance of the Pakistan Army. &nbsp;

Despite an encouraging dole from the US last month, Pakistan is in a tight spot at this point of time to consider the option of an all-out war. The FATF re-categorisation comes up for renewal in October and its economy is precariously placed for any misadventure. The world reaction, too, &nbsp;has been muted.&nbsp;

So, what other options do Pakistan have after diplomatic steps have been taken, air flights and train services suspended and trade sanctions imposed? &nbsp;

First, Pakistan can increase the heat on the LoC in both genres - cross-border firing and attempt pushing in more terrorists into the valley. Second, they can engineer an increase in terrorist activities in the hinterland. Third, they can encourage local stone-pelters to step up their agitational dynamics to protest against this reorganisation of the state.&nbsp;

The Indian Army grid on the LoC and security forces deployment in the hinterland is fully geared to meet these contingencies, more so with recent reinforcements. A unified command structure without any interference from local pressures will strengthen the Indian hand greatly.&nbsp;

Political resentment is likely to lead to spilling of anger on the streets in the form of protests and agitations. Some of these may turn violent and lead to stone-pelting. The security forces have to handle this firmly, yet with the sensitivity that it deserves. It cannot be allowed to spin out of control.

However strong our posture on the LoC and comprehensive security grid in the hinterland is, there could always be that small chance of a lone-wolf attack, or one fanatic suicidal terrorist who can create a ‘Pulwama’, pushing India into operational brinkmanship again.&nbsp;

It is, therefore, necessary to retain a stated and bold offensive punitive response option to deter any misadventure, as Pakistan has started appealing to terrorist groups to express solidarity with their Kashmiri brethren.&nbsp;

Information and psychological warfare is another dimension of security that merits mention here. We have had our shortcomings in building up a good narrative so far, a space which has ben quickly filled up by the other side, with its hate narrative.&nbsp;

This is our chance to reverse it. Since there has been no explicit consultative process before scrapping Article 370, the state must build a good, robust, factual narrative and take it to the people in every way possible. This strategic communication is needed to dispel uncertainty and the fear of the future in the minds of the people, creating hope instead. It is important to use the narrative to counter alienation and radicalisation as well. We must get back into the mind space of the youth, as they are the key to integration.

Now that J&amp;K is a Union territory, to be administered in significant part by the Centre, the central government must ensure that this change leads to a better state in all aspects, taking the people together. This will not be easy, but is not insurmountable.&nbsp;

(This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the <a href="https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-hobson-s-choice-for-pakistan-2781549">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)&nbsp;

&nbsp;

While scrapping Article 370 means different things to different people, there’s no denying that things will never be the same again. The status quo has been changed.

While scrapping Article 370 means different things to different people, there’s no denying that things will never be the same again. The status quo has been changed. A strong government has called Pakistan’s nuclear bluff while launching surgical strikes in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in 2016 and aerial strikes in Balakot this year. It is important to see these developments from the prism of security. Despite barriers created by Article 370, some provisions did exist for investment from companies from outside the state, but when India’s growth story was taking a leap in the 1990s, the security situation in J&K was bad enough to scare away the most stout-hearted. Meeting the growth aspirations of the youth needs private sector participation as the government and public sector are not enough. Any number of incentives cannot help bring in investment if there is no peace in the Kashmir Valley. Therefore, it does boil down to providing a safe and secure environment to foster development. Purely from a security perspective, whittling down of Article 370 in J&K is a welcome step. Security concerns can be addressed better than before, without local pressures. What are the security implications now? The UN response has been cautious, while making expected diplomatic observations. The US and most other countries have, by and large, taken a stand that it is an internal matter and differences, if any, must be resolved through dialogue peacefully. What is more important here is the response and attitude of our immediate neighbours, whose territories run contiguous with J&K and Ladakh. China has somewhat diplomatically, asked India and Pakistan to exercise restraint, saying they should avoid actions that “unilaterally” change the status quo and exacerbate tensions between them, even as it voiced “serious concern” over the situation in Kashmir. Beijing has, however, expressed its opposition to India’s move to create a separate Union Territory of Ladakh. There has been an exchange of statements and counter statements, but their attitude stops short of being belligerent. De-hyphenating Ladakh from J&K has its parallel in change of status of Gilgit-Baltistan vis-à-vis Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). Sino-Indian dialogues that include Tibet, Taiwan and Xinjiang will now have Ladakh added on. The moves seem to have taken Pakistan completely by surprise, putting it at a loss for a suitable response. But Islamabad has no choice. It has to express solidarity with Kashmir as it’s the glue that binds their country together and enshrines the importance of the Pakistan Army. Despite an encouraging dole from the US last month, Pakistan is in a tight spot at this point of time to consider the option of an all-out war. The FATF re-categorisation comes up for renewal in October and its economy is precariously placed for any misadventure. The world reaction, too, has been muted. So, what other options do Pakistan have after diplomatic steps have been taken, air flights and train services suspended and trade sanctions imposed? First, Pakistan can increase the heat on the LoC in both genres - cross-border firing and attempt pushing in more terrorists into the valley. Second, they can engineer an increase in terrorist activities in the hinterland. Third, they can encourage local stone-pelters to step up their agitational dynamics to protest against this reorganisation of the state. The Indian Army grid on the LoC and security forces deployment in the hinterland is fully geared to meet these contingencies, more so with recent reinforcements. A unified command structure without any interference from local pressures will strengthen the Indian hand greatly. Political resentment is likely to lead to spilling of anger on the streets in the form of protests and agitations. Some of these may turn violent and lead to stone-pelting. The security forces have to handle this firmly, yet with the sensitivity that it deserves. It cannot be allowed to spin out of control. However strong our posture on the LoC and comprehensive security grid in the hinterland is, there could always be that small chance of a lone-wolf attack, or one fanatic suicidal terrorist who can create a ‘Pulwama’, pushing India into operational brinkmanship again. It is, therefore, necessary to retain a stated and bold offensive punitive response option to deter any misadventure, as Pakistan has started appealing to terrorist groups to express solidarity with their Kashmiri brethren. Information and psychological warfare is another dimension of security that merits mention here. We have had our shortcomings in building up a good narrative so far, a space which has ben quickly filled up by the other side, with its hate narrative. This is our chance to reverse it. Since there has been no explicit consultative process before scrapping Article 370, the state must build a good, robust, factual narrative and take it to the people in every way possible. This strategic communication is needed to dispel uncertainty and the fear of the future in the minds of the people, creating hope instead. It is important to use the narrative to counter alienation and radicalisation as well. We must get back into the mind space of the youth, as they are the key to integration. Now that J&K is a Union territory, to be administered in significant part by the Centre, the central government must ensure that this change leads to a better state in all aspects, taking the people together. This will not be easy, but is not insurmountable. (This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

Article 370 abrogation in Jammu and Kashmir puts Pakistan in a tight spot

The <a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/india-internationalised-the-kashmir-issue-says-imran-khan-in-pok-assembly-242960">Kashmir Valley</a> will have "some restrictions" tomorrow on the occasion of Independence Day, Principal Secretary of Jammu and Kashmir administration Rohit Kansal said on Wednesday.

"The o<a href="https://www.wionews.com/opinions/removal-of-article-370-heralds-an-era-of-progress-for-jammu-and-kashmir-242889">verall security situation continues to be calm</a>. There has been no major report of any untoward incident. There will be some restrictions tomorrow," Rohit Kansal told reporters.

On reported detention of former IAS officer and J and K Peoples' Movement leader Shah Faesal, Kansal said, "Any detention or arrest is based on local assessment of law and order requirement and taken accordingly. We will not comment on individuals."

J-K Additional Director General of Police SJM Gillani said, "There have been detentions under the Public Safety Act. There have been preventive arrests as well. Some people have also been shifted out of the state."

Gillani said, "As of now there are only 2 persons who are in hospital with some injuries, rest were discharged after first-aid."

Watch:&nbsp;Kashmir gears up for Independence day 2019

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/kashmir-gears-up-for-independence-day-2019-242973/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Kansal said the government is ready with the arrangements for the main Independence Day function which will be held tomorrow at S K Stadium where Governor Satya Pal Malik will hoist the national flag.

In Jammu, the celebrations would be led by the Advisor to the Governor, he said, adding celebrations would be held at divisional, district and sub-district levels as well.

The Kashmir Valley will have "some restrictions" tomorrow on the occasion of Independence Day, Principal Secretary of Jammu and Kashmir administration Rohit Kansal said on Wednesday.

The Kashmir Valley will have "some restrictions" tomorrow on the occasion of Independence Day, Principal Secretary of Jammu and Kashmir administration Rohit Kansal said on Wednesday. "The overall security situation continues to be calm. There has been no major report of any untoward incident. There will be some restrictions tomorrow," Rohit Kansal told reporters. On reported detention of former IAS officer and J and K Peoples' Movement leader Shah Faesal, Kansal said, "Any detention or arrest is based on local assessment of law and order requirement and taken accordingly. We will not comment on individuals." J-K Additional Director General of Police SJM Gillani said, "There have been detentions under the Public Safety Act. There have been preventive arrests as well. Some people have also been shifted out of the state." Gillani said, "As of now there are only 2 persons who are in hospital with some injuries, rest were discharged after first-aid." Watch: Kashmir gears up for Independence day 2019 Kansal said the government is ready with the arrangements for the main Independence Day function which will be held tomorrow at S K Stadium where Governor Satya Pal Malik will hoist the national flag. In Jammu, the celebrations would be led by the Advisor to the Governor, he said, adding celebrations would be held at divisional, district and sub-district levels as well.

Some restrictions in Kashmir Valley on Independence Day: J&K principle secretary

Election Commission on Tuesday held "internal discussion" on various to aspects of delimitation of Jammu and Kashmir Assembly and the process will roll out after a formal communication from Home Ministry, sources said.

The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisaiton Act 2019 provides that the number of seats in the legislative assembly of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir shall be increased from 107 to 114, and delimitation of the constituencies will be determined by the Election Commission.

Sources said that internal discussions were held on the issue.&nbsp;

They said a delimitation commission is set up to fix limits or boundaries of constituencies and the process regarding delimitation will start after receiving formal communication from the Ministry.

The Act, which was notified by the government on August 9, provides for the creation of two union territories - Jammu and Kashmir, which will have a legislature and Ladakh, without it.

The Act provides that the poll panel will determine the number of seats to be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly with regard to the relevant provisions of the Constitution.

It says that constituencies in which seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall, as far as practicable, be located in areas where the proportion of their population to the total population is the largest.

The Act provides that the poll panel will publish its proposals for the delimitation of constituencies together with the dissenting proposals, if any, in the Official Gazette together with a notice inviting objections and suggestions concerning the proposals and specifying a date by which the proposals will be further considered by it.

It will consider all objections and suggestions and determine the delimitation of constituencies.

Upon published in the Official Gazette, the orders shall have the full force of law and shall not be called in question in any court.&nbsp;

The orders relating to assembly constituencies shall be laid before the Legislative Assembly of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

In India, Delimitation Commissions have been constituted 4 times - in 1952 under the Delimitation Commission Act, 1952, in 1963 under Delimitation Commission Act, 1962, in 1973 under Delimitation Act, 1972 and in 2002 under Delimitation Act, 2002.&nbsp;

Election Commission on Tuesday held "internal discussion" on various to aspects of delimitation of Jammu and Kashmir Assembly and the process will roll out after a formal communication from Home Ministry, sources said.

Election Commission on Tuesday held "internal discussion" on various to aspects of delimitation of Jammu and Kashmir Assembly and the process will roll out after a formal communication from Home Ministry, sources said. The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisaiton Act 2019 provides that the number of seats in the legislative assembly of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir shall be increased from 107 to 114, and delimitation of the constituencies will be determined by the Election Commission. Sources said that internal discussions were held on the issue. They said a delimitation commission is set up to fix limits or boundaries of constituencies and the process regarding delimitation will start after receiving formal communication from the Ministry. The Act, which was notified by the government on August 9, provides for the creation of two union territories - Jammu and Kashmir, which will have a legislature and Ladakh, without it. The Act provides that the poll panel will determine the number of seats to be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly with regard to the relevant provisions of the Constitution. It says that constituencies in which seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall, as far as practicable, be located in areas where the proportion of their population to the total population is the largest. The Act provides that the poll panel will publish its proposals for the delimitation of constituencies together with the dissenting proposals, if any, in the Official Gazette together with a notice inviting objections and suggestions concerning the proposals and specifying a date by which the proposals will be further considered by it. It will consider all objections and suggestions and determine the delimitation of constituencies. Upon published in the Official Gazette, the orders shall have the full force of law and shall not be called in question in any court. The orders relating to assembly constituencies shall be laid before the Legislative Assembly of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. In India, Delimitation Commissions have been constituted 4 times - in 1952 under the Delimitation Commission Act, 1952, in 1963 under Delimitation Commission Act, 1962, in 1973 under Delimitation Act, 1972 and in 2002 under Delimitation Act, 2002.

Election Commission holds discussion on delimitation in Jammu and Kashmir

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