Science has gifted the world with multiple inventions. However, there was rarely only one person working on an idea. Some of the most notable inventions can be credited to multiple scientists who came up with the idea at almost the same time. 

Multiple discovery hypothesis: 5 inventions created by more than one scientist at almost the same time

From ancient sciences to everyday essentials, let's find 10 fascinating inventions that trace their roots to India showcasing the nation’s rich legacy of innovation and creativity.

Did you know? These 10 incredible inventions India gave the world

Women have always been skilled and inventive; they have just faced numerous obstacles in getting recognition and credit for their creations. Here is our tribute to some women who were not afraid to stand up for the respect and credit they rightfully deserved.

International Womens Day: Inventions by women the world can't live without

German-born physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955) is recognised as one of the most important figures in science throughout the 20th century. His most famous contribution is the theory of relativity, which dramatically altered how we think about space and time.

German-born physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955) is recognised as one of the most important figures in science throughout the 20th century. His most famous contribution is the theory of relativity, which dramatically altered how we think about space and time. While he was born in Ulm, Germany, Einstein later relocated to Switzerland as a youngster. Thereafter, he pursued physics studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, where he graduated. At Bern, Switzerland, where he was employed as a patent clerk after receiving his degree, Einstein had plenty of time to reflect on theoretical physics. Einstein wrote several papers in 1905 that served as the cornerstone of modern physics. One of these was his theory of special relativity, which demonstrated that the laws of physics apply to any observer moving uniformly concerning every other observer. The well-known formula E=mc2, which indicates that mass and energy are equivalent, was also presented by this theory. Einstein's general relativity theory, which expanded the concepts of special relativity to incorporate gravity, was published in 1915. This theory demonstrated that gravity is a curvature of space and time brought on by the existence of mass and energy rather than a force. Here are some motivational quotes by Albert Einstein: "In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity." "Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere." "I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious." "Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value." "The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its reason for existing." "We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them." "Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think." "The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination." "Creativity is contagious, pass it on." "I never made one of my discoveries through the process of rational thinking." "Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world." "A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new." "Amid every crisis, lies great opportunity." "The only source of knowledge is experience." "Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. Interesting Facts about Albert Einstein: In the year 1879, Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany. His parents were concerned that he had a speech problem because he was a slow talker, but he was organising complicated ideas in his head before he spoke. When Einstein was a little child, his family relocated to Italy, and he later attended school in Switzerland. At Bern, Switzerland, where he was employed, Einstein had the leisure to contemplate physics and formulate his theories. The link between mass and energy was clarified by Einstein's famous equation E=mc2, which depicts the equivalence of mass and energy. In 1921, Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric phenomenon earned him the Physics Nobel Prize. The creation of atomic energy and the atomic bomb were made possible by Einstein's work. In 1952, Einstein was given the chance to lead Israel, but he turned it down. During his life, Einstein strived to promote disarmament and peace as a pacifist. A skilled violinist, Einstein frequently performed music with other scientists. After becoming a citizen of the United States in 1940, Einstein later sent a letter to President Roosevelt outlining the hazards of nuclear weapons. In 1955, Einstein passed away at the age of 76. Researchers have investigated his preserved brain to understand the roots of his brilliance. Israel's presidency was offered to Einstein, but he turned it down. Observations made during a solar eclipse in 1919 supported Einstein's work on the theory of general relativity. An NAACP member who spoke out against racism and segregation in the US was Albert Einstein. Albert Einstein's inventions and discoveries Even while Albert Einstein is most recognised for his contributions to physics, particularly his theories of relativity, he also made several other discoveries and inventions throughout his lifetime. Here are a few examples: Einstein presented a paper on the photoelectric effect in 1905, proving that light may exist as both a wave and a particle and that energy is conveyed in discrete units known as photons. This discovery contributed to the development of quantum mechanics. The Theory of Special Relativity: Einstein's theory of special relativity, which was published in 1905, demonstrated that the laws of physics apply to all observers moving uniformly concerning one another. The well-known formula E=mc2, which indicates that mass and energy are equivalent, was also presented by this theory. Brownian Motion: Einstein also wrote a paper on this topic in 1905, demonstrating how the size and shape of a particle may be determined from its random motion in a fluid. Einstein's general relativity theory, which expanded the concepts of special relativity to incorporate gravity, was published in 1915. This theory demonstrated that gravity is a curvature of space and time brought on by the existence of mass and energy rather than a force. Einstein designed a refrigerator in 1926 that had neither electricity nor any mechanical parts. The system was designed on the adsorption principle, which cools a substance using a vacuum. Unified Field Theory: Einstein devoted a significant portion of his later years to the pursuit of a unified field theory that would integrate all of nature's forces into a single theoretical framework. Even though he was unsuccessful in his attempt, his work opened the door for subsequent attempts to formulate a theory of everything. Ultimately, Albert Einstein's innovations and discoveries had a significant influence on both modern science and technology as well as how we interpret the physical world. Send Messages and Wishes on Albert Einstein's birthday to every math lover: "The finest brain of the 20th century has a birthday today! Your contributions to physics and mathematics have had a profound impact on society in ways we could never have predicted." "On this day, we honour Albert Einstein, a brilliant man who transformed our view of the cosmos, for his life and contributions to science. Your notions keep us thinking creatively and pushing our limits." "On the occasion of Albert Einstein's birthday, let's all take a moment to recognise his brilliant mind. May us be motivated by his legacy to advance mathematic and scientific knowledge." "Happy birthday to the person who demonstrated that with creativity and perseverance, even the most difficult issues can be addressed. We are grateful to Albert Einstein for laying the foundation for a new generation of math enthusiasts." "Let's celebrate Albert Einstein's life and contributions on this important day because his brilliance and creativity continue to motivate us to aim high. Albert, happy birthday!" "May we never forget Albert Einstein's outstanding contributions to the world of mathematics, dear math lovers. May his memory serve as an inspiration for us to face every challenge with imagination and curiosity." "Happy birthday to one of history's greatest thinkers and the father of modern physics. We will always be grateful to you for changing the direction of mathematics and science through your work." "Albert Einstein, a genuine symbol of mathematics and science, becomes 117 years old today. Your innovations and discoveries have given us all access to new worlds and opportunities. I appreciate everything, and happy birthday!"

Albert Einstein Birthday: Know motivational quotes by him, facts, inventions & discoveries and share wishes

An Israel-based start-up has invented a novel pregnancy test kit — SaliStick, that uses&nbsp;the saliva to determine pregnancy. The kit has been launched in Israel and will be available in the global markets from 2023. The diagnostics breakthrough SaliStick test provides precise findings in no more than 10 minutes,&nbsp;without the requirement for a blood or urine sample.&nbsp;

“Saliva is the key to rapid diagnostics for a variety of medical reasons. It is the only non-invasive, easy, and hygienic means to detect hormones, viruses, and even diseases,” said Prof Aaron Palmon, Co-founder of Salignostics.

“With SaliStick, we leverage the powerful diagnostics abilities we have been able to create from analyzing saliva. This product completely removes the need for blood and urine samples when testing for pregnancy,” Prof Aaron added.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/middle-east/israeli-president-herzogs-hot-mic-moment-world-is-anxious-about-ben-gvir-532835">Israeli President Herzog's hot mic moment: 'World is anxious about Ben-Gvir'</a>

The start-up firm has built a new manufacturing plant with a one million unit monthly production capacity in northern Israel's Lavon Industrial Zone .

In 2016, a group of academics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem had established Salignostics.

Also WATCH |&nbsp;India's own missile interceptor: Guarding the nukes

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After conducting years of scientific study on saliva, the founders of the company created user-friendly devices that precisely diagnose diseases including malaria, Covid-19, heart risk, and other conditions.

In order to support sales, marketing, and R&amp;D, the firm has so far secured $16 million in total capital investment&nbsp;and is seeking more funds from investors.

(With inputs from agencies)

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An Israel-based start-up has invented a novel pregnancy test kit — SaliStick, that uses the saliva to determine pregnancy. The kit has been launched in Israel and will be available in the global markets from 2023.

An Israel-based start-up has invented a novel pregnancy test kit — SaliStick, that uses the saliva to determine pregnancy. The kit has been launched in Israel and will be available in the global markets from 2023. The diagnostics breakthrough SaliStick test provides precise findings in no more than 10 minutes, without the requirement for a blood or urine sample. “Saliva is the key to rapid diagnostics for a variety of medical reasons. It is the only non-invasive, easy, and hygienic means to detect hormones, viruses, and even diseases,” said Prof Aaron Palmon, Co-founder of Salignostics. “With SaliStick, we leverage the powerful diagnostics abilities we have been able to create from analyzing saliva. This product completely removes the need for blood and urine samples when testing for pregnancy,” Prof Aaron added. Also read | Israeli President Herzog's hot mic moment: 'World is anxious about Ben-Gvir' The start-up firm has built a new manufacturing plant with a one million unit monthly production capacity in northern Israel's Lavon Industrial Zone . In 2016, a group of academics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem had established Salignostics. Also WATCH | India's own missile interceptor: Guarding the nukes After conducting years of scientific study on saliva, the founders of the company created user-friendly devices that precisely diagnose diseases including malaria, Covid-19, heart risk, and other conditions. In order to support sales, marketing, and R&D, the firm has so far secured $16 million in total capital investment and is seeking more funds from investors. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

World's first saliva-based pregnancy test kit launched in Israel; to be available globally in 2023

Researchers at Cambridge University have created artificial leaves that float on water and produce clean fuel. The ultra-thin, lightweight, and flexible device produces a carbon-neutral fuel using solar technology that imitates photosynthesis and turns sunlight into food.

The device converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into liquid fuel that can be stored while floating. Unlike normal solar cells, which produce an electrical current, this does not.

The leaves underwent several successful tests on the river Cam, demonstrating that they could now transform sunlight into fuel "as efficiently as plant leaves." This method will also help to decrease the dependency of the world’s shipping industry on fossil fuels.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/alien-like-fish-which-can-glow-bright-green-discovered-near-coast-of-greenland-508979">Alien-like fish which can glow bright green discovered near coast of Greenland</a>

Virgil Andrei, a researcher, said, "Solar farms have become popular for electricity production; we envision similar farms for fuel synthesis," The Times UK reported.

She further said that farms can provide water to remote islands, coastal towns, and industrial ponds and even cover irrigation canals to prevent water evaporation.

She said, "This study demonstrates that artificial leaves are compatible with modern fabrication techniques, representing an early step towards the automation and up-scaling of solar fuel production."

The leaves function when water and CO2 are available and sunlight reaches a panel covered in semiconductor powder. As a result of light absorption, the panel’s electrons are simulated, which allows them to combine with CO2.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/rats-drive-cars-to-grab-food-in-this-university-508954">Rats drive cars to grab food in this university</a>

Another researcher, Erwin Reisner, is optimistic that this technology will revolutionise the maritime sector, where cargo ships propelled by fossil fuels transport 80 per cent of the world’s trade.

The team’s aim was to reduce the size of their original design by affixing light absorbers to thin substrates that are impervious to water penetration. The researchers created a micrometre-thin, water-repellent carbon-based coating on top of thin-film metal oxides and perovskites, which can be coated in flexible plastic and metal foils to avoid moisture degradation.

These artificial leaves need more development before they can be used commercially, including developing a mechanism to extract the fuel from the leaf.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Researchers at Cambridge University have created artificial leaves that float on water and produce clean fuel. The ultra-thin, lightweight, and flexible device produces a carbon-neutral fuel using solar technology that imitates photosynthesis and turns sunlight into food.

Researchers at Cambridge University have created artificial leaves that float on water and produce clean fuel. The ultra-thin, lightweight, and flexible device produces a carbon-neutral fuel using solar technology that imitates photosynthesis and turns sunlight into food. The device converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into liquid fuel that can be stored while floating. Unlike normal solar cells, which produce an electrical current, this does not. The leaves underwent several successful tests on the river Cam, demonstrating that they could now transform sunlight into fuel "as efficiently as plant leaves." This method will also help to decrease the dependency of the world’s shipping industry on fossil fuels. Also read | Alien-like fish which can glow bright green discovered near coast of Greenland Virgil Andrei, a researcher, said, "Solar farms have become popular for electricity production; we envision similar farms for fuel synthesis," The Times UK reported. She further said that farms can provide water to remote islands, coastal towns, and industrial ponds and even cover irrigation canals to prevent water evaporation. She said, "This study demonstrates that artificial leaves are compatible with modern fabrication techniques, representing an early step towards the automation and up-scaling of solar fuel production." The leaves function when water and CO2 are available and sunlight reaches a panel covered in semiconductor powder. As a result of light absorption, the panel’s electrons are simulated, which allows them to combine with CO2. Also read | Rats drive cars to grab food in this university Another researcher, Erwin Reisner, is optimistic that this technology will revolutionise the maritime sector, where cargo ships propelled by fossil fuels transport 80 per cent of the world’s trade. The team’s aim was to reduce the size of their original design by affixing light absorbers to thin substrates that are impervious to water penetration. The researchers created a micrometre-thin, water-repellent carbon-based coating on top of thin-film metal oxides and perovskites, which can be coated in flexible plastic and metal foils to avoid moisture degradation. These artificial leaves need more development before they can be used commercially, including developing a mechanism to extract the fuel from the leaf. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Researchers create floating artificial leaves that generate clean fuel from sunlight, water and CO2

As India celebrated 75th year of Independence, here are eight great inventions the world can thank India for.

India@75: Eight great inventions the world can thank India for

Some of the biggest scientific discoveries took place by sheer accident. Here are five of the biggest accidental scientific discoveries ever made.

Five accidental inventions that changed the world

The inventor of computer functions so simple and instrumental to our daily functions on our devices, i.e., Ctrl + X, Ctrl +C and Ctrl + V, has passed away. Larry Tesler, the unsung hero of the digital world, has made life easier for multitudes of people across the world.

The inventor of computer functions so simple and instrumental to our daily functions on our devices, i.e., Ctrl + X, Ctrl +C and Ctrl + V, has passed away. Larry Tesler, the unsung hero of the digital world, has made life easier for multitudes of people across the world. He started working in Silicon Valley in the early 1960s during a time when computers were inaccessible to the vast majority of people. His innovations, which included the commands "cut", "copy" and "paste" made the personal computer simpler to learn and use. One of the organisations which employed the late Mr Tesler paid tribute to him with a tweet, thanking him for cut/copy & paste, find & replace and many more of his revolutionary ideas which made workdays easier for people the world over. The inventor of cut/copy & paste, find & replace, and more was former Xerox researcher Larry Tesler. Your workday is easier thanks to his revolutionary ideas. Larry passed away Monday, so please join us in celebrating him. Photo credit: Yahoo CC-By-2.0 https://t.co/MXijSIMgoA pic.twitter.com/kXfLFuOlon — Xerox (@Xerox) February 19, 2020 × Also Read: Google unveils quantum computer breakthrough; critics say wait a qubit During his career, Tesler worked for several major tech firms, starting at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) before Steve Jobs poached him for Apple, where he spent 17 years and rose to the position of chief scientist. He also worked for brief periods at Amazon and Yahoo and had set up an education start-up as well. His most famous innovation, the cut and paste command, was reportedly based on the old method of editing in which people would physically cut portions of printed text and glue them elsewhere. His visionary concepts were incorporated in Apple's software on the Lisa computer in 1983, and the original Macintosh that was released the following year. Watch: Apple CEO Tim Cook slams Silicon valley One of his firmest beliefs revolved around computer systems using "modes", which allow users to switch between functions on software and apps but make computers both time-consuming and complicated. His website, his twitter handle and reportedly his car's license plate had the words "No Modes" on them. The Computer History Museum in Silicon Valley reportedly stated that Tesler "combined computer science training with a counterculture vision that computers should be for everyone".

Inventor of cut, copy and paste, Larry Tesler dies

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