Black holes are galactic monsters seemingly gobbling everything in their path, they don't even let light escape from their gasp. Watch the video to know more about it.

Universe's brightest and hungriest black hole

Scientists have discovered the brightest object ever in the universe: a hungry black hole that devours the gas equivalent of the Sun, every day.

The scientists at the Australian National University observed the fast-moving, ferocious quasar that has a mass of 17 billion Suns, making it 500 trillion times brighter than our ball of heat and light.&nbsp; 
 
Quasars are celestial objects powered by giant black holes of up to 10 billion times the mass of the Sun. They emit more energy than any other object in the universe.

The newly discovered enormous black hole is chugging everything that falls near its event horizon and growing at a rate that scientists have never witnessed, said the astronomers who made the observation using the&nbsp;European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT).&nbsp;

They are predicting that the hungry quasar is consuming the equivalent of 370 Suns a year which comes down to about one a day.&nbsp;

"We have discovered the fastest-growing black hole known to date. It has a mass of 17 billion Suns and eats just over a Sun per day. This makes it the most luminous object in the known Universe," said Christian Wolf, an astronomer at the Australian National University (ANU) and lead author of the study.

"This quasar is the most violent place that we know in the universe," he added.&nbsp;

Interestingly, the quasar had been hiding in plain sight as it was misclassified as a star previously.

Having been spotted in the 1980s, the quasar named&nbsp;J0529-4351 was reclassified following&nbsp;observations in Australia and Chile's Atacama Desert last year.&nbsp;

Scientists said the quasar discovered is so far away from our planet that it took over 12 billion years for us to see it. The current accepted age of our universe is 13.8 billion years. Although, last year,&nbsp;Rajendra Gupta of the University of Ottawa published a report, claiming that the&nbsp;universe may be around 26.7 billion years old.&nbsp;

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<h2>What are quasars?</h2>

Quasars are supermassive black holes, often situated at the heart of a galaxy, millions to billions of times more massive than our Sun. Quasars are super hungry as they devour any matter in the vicinity by using their immense gravitational pull.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nearest-supermassive-black-hole-awakens-from-dormancy-becomes-a-million-times-brighter-scientists-607935">Also read |&nbsp;Nearest supermassive black hole awakens from dormancy, becomes a million times brighter: Scientists</a>

They also emit tremendous amounts of radiation, including jets of high-energy particles,&nbsp;while a glowing disk of matter spins around them.

Last year, scientists published a research after monitoring over 190 quasars for two decades which stated that time passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today due to dilation in the early universe.

The scientists compared the brightness of the 190 quasars, dating to about 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang event to that of&nbsp;quasars existing today. In doing so, they found that certain fluctuations&nbsp;that occur in a particular amount of time today did so five times more slowly in the most ancient quasars.

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have discovered the brightest object ever in the universe: a hungry black hole that devours the gas equivalent of the Sun, every day. The scientists at the Australian National University observed the fast-moving, ferocious quasar that has a mass of 17 billion Suns, making it 500 trillion times brighter than our ball of heat and light.

Scientists have discovered the brightest object ever in the universe: a hungry black hole that devours the gas equivalent of the Sun, every day. The scientists at the Australian National University observed the fast-moving, ferocious quasar that has a mass of 17 billion Suns, making it 500 trillion times brighter than our ball of heat and light. Quasars are celestial objects powered by giant black holes of up to 10 billion times the mass of the Sun. They emit more energy than any other object in the universe. The newly discovered enormous black hole is chugging everything that falls near its event horizon and growing at a rate that scientists have never witnessed, said the astronomers who made the observation using the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT). They are predicting that the hungry quasar is consuming the equivalent of 370 Suns a year which comes down to about one a day. "We have discovered the fastest-growing black hole known to date. It has a mass of 17 billion Suns and eats just over a Sun per day. This makes it the most luminous object in the known Universe," said Christian Wolf, an astronomer at the Australian National University (ANU) and lead author of the study. "This quasar is the most violent place that we know in the universe," he added. Interestingly, the quasar had been hiding in plain sight as it was misclassified as a star previously. Having been spotted in the 1980s, the quasar named J0529-4351 was reclassified following observations in Australia and Chile's Atacama Desert last year. Scientists said the quasar discovered is so far away from our planet that it took over 12 billion years for us to see it. The current accepted age of our universe is 13.8 billion years. Although, last year, Rajendra Gupta of the University of Ottawa published a report, claiming that the universe may be around 26.7 billion years old. WATCH | How our sun will swallow the earth What are quasars? Quasars are supermassive black holes, often situated at the heart of a galaxy, millions to billions of times more massive than our Sun. Quasars are super hungry as they devour any matter in the vicinity by using their immense gravitational pull. Also read | Nearest supermassive black hole awakens from dormancy, becomes a million times brighter: Scientists They also emit tremendous amounts of radiation, including jets of high-energy particles, while a glowing disk of matter spins around them. Last year, scientists published a research after monitoring over 190 quasars for two decades which stated that time passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today due to dilation in the early universe. The scientists compared the brightness of the 190 quasars, dating to about 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang event to that of quasars existing today. In doing so, they found that certain fluctuations that occur in a particular amount of time today did so five times more slowly in the most ancient quasars. (With inputs from agencies)

Enormously 'hungry' black hole that eats 370 Suns a year is likely the brightest object in universe

This black hole eats a whole sun every day

A team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has unveiled the existence of 18 new black holes engaged in a stellar frenzy, tearing apart stars and consuming their remnants.

This discovery more than doubles the known cases of Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) in the&nbsp;universe and throws light on the broader occurrence of these dramatic phenomena.

"People were coming up with very exotic solutions to these puzzles, and now we’ve come to the point where we can resolve all of them," a team member and assistant professor of physics at MIT&nbsp;Erin Kara said.&nbsp;

TDEs occur when stars venture too close to black holes, experiencing extreme gravitational forces that lead to "spaghettification," a process where the star is stretched vertically and squashed horizontally.

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The material from the disrupted star forms a flattened disk around the black hole, with some accreting to the black hole's centre, and the rest being expelled as near-light speed jets.

The MIT team's quest began after they discovered the closest TDE to Earth ever observed, witnessed as a flare from the galaxy NGC 7392, located 137 million light-years away.

Utilising infrared light and an algorithm analysing patterns in data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE), they identified transient bursts of radiation, leading to the discovery of 18 legitimate TDE signals.

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Contrary to previous beliefs, these TDEs were found to occur across a diverse range of galaxies, challenging the notion that they were exclusive to post-starburst galaxies.

The team's lead author, Megan Masterson, stated, "If you looked up in the sky and saw a bunch of galaxies, the TDEs would occur representatively in all of them."

The research also addressed the discrepancy in energy radiation from TDEs, attributing it to dust-absorbing optical and X-ray emissions, along with extreme ultraviolet radiation.

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The MIT team estimated that galaxies experience a TDE approximately once every 50,000 years.&nbsp;"This gives us confidence that we don't need all this exotic physics to explain what we’re seeing," said Erin Kara.

"And we have a better handle on the mechanics behind how a star gets ripped apart and gobbled up by a black hole. We’re understanding these systems better,"&nbsp;Kara added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has unveiled the existence of 18 new black holes engaged in a stellar frenzy, tearing apart stars and consuming their remnants.

A team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has unveiled the existence of 18 new black holes engaged in a stellar frenzy, tearing apart stars and consuming their remnants. This discovery more than doubles the known cases of Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) in the universe and throws light on the broader occurrence of these dramatic phenomena. "People were coming up with very exotic solutions to these puzzles, and now we’ve come to the point where we can resolve all of them," a team member and assistant professor of physics at MIT Erin Kara said. TDEs occur when stars venture too close to black holes, experiencing extreme gravitational forces that lead to "spaghettification," a process where the star is stretched vertically and squashed horizontally. Also Read | 'Airglow' captured from ISS mesmerises with its reddish hue The material from the disrupted star forms a flattened disk around the black hole, with some accreting to the black hole's centre, and the rest being expelled as near-light speed jets. The MIT team's quest began after they discovered the closest TDE to Earth ever observed, witnessed as a flare from the galaxy NGC 7392, located 137 million light-years away. Utilising infrared light and an algorithm analysing patterns in data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE), they identified transient bursts of radiation, leading to the discovery of 18 legitimate TDE signals. Also Read | Did Columbus spread syphilis? New research challenges longstanding theory about STD's origin Contrary to previous beliefs, these TDEs were found to occur across a diverse range of galaxies, challenging the notion that they were exclusive to post-starburst galaxies. The team's lead author, Megan Masterson, stated, "If you looked up in the sky and saw a bunch of galaxies, the TDEs would occur representatively in all of them." The research also addressed the discrepancy in energy radiation from TDEs, attributing it to dust-absorbing optical and X-ray emissions, along with extreme ultraviolet radiation. WATCH | NASA finally unlocks a canister containing precious dust samples from the asteroid Bennu × The MIT team estimated that galaxies experience a TDE approximately once every 50,000 years. "This gives us confidence that we don't need all this exotic physics to explain what we’re seeing," said Erin Kara. "And we have a better handle on the mechanics behind how a star gets ripped apart and gobbled up by a black hole. We’re understanding these systems better," Kara added. (With inputs from agencies)

Astronomers spot 18 black holes devouring stars in cosmic feast

A middle-sized black hole in the middle of one of the brightest globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy may be emitting mysterious radio signals. According to a study published in The Astrophysical Journal, a medium-sized black hole or a pulsar, a fast-spinning neutron star, might be emitting radio signals.

A middle-sized black hole in the middle of one of the brightest globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy may be emitting mysterious radio signals. According to a study published in The Astrophysical Journal, a medium-sized black hole or a pulsar, a fast-spinning neutron star, might be emitting radio signals. If it is a black hole, it would be a first-of-its-kind discovery. Scientists found the radio signal while scanning the 47 Tucanae cluster with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in New South Wales, Space.com reported. Ancient groupings of stars scattered around the Milky Way galaxy, or globular clusters, are densely packed with stars more than other regions of the galaxy. In the case of 27 Tucanae, there are over one million stars in a sphere with 120 lightyears diameter and can be observed with the naked eye. Researchers from the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) created the most detailed image of 47 Tucanae with 450 hours of radio measurements with ATCA. They found an unusual radio wave source in the centre, around 14,500 lightyears from the Sun. They believe that a middle-sized black hole or a pulsar might be producing it. ALSO READ | Asteroid crashes into Earth over Germany just hours after being discovered "If this signal turns out to be a black hole, it would be a highly significant discovery and the first-ever radio detection of one inside a cluster," said Alessandro Paduano, lead author of the study and a former PhD student at Curtin University in Perth, Australia. He added, "While intermediate-mass black holes are thought to exist in globular clusters, there hasn't been a clear detection of one yet." Supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies can be as gigantic as millions, or even billions, of suns. Medium-sized black holes are the missing connection between stellar black holes, left over from the deaths of giant stars and supermassive black holes. Tim Galvin, a research scientist at CSIRO and co-author of a paper on the study, said, "This project has stretched our software to its limits in terms of both data management and processing, and it has been really exciting to see the wealth of science that these techniques have enabled." Arash Bahramian, an astronomer at Curtin Institute of Radio Astronomy who oversaw the project, added, "It gives us a glimpse of the exciting capabilities the next generation of radio telescopes will achieve when they come online." (With inputs from agencies)

Black hole in the Milky Way might be sending mysterious radio signals

Scientists have discovered a new cosmic object that is surprisingly lighter than the smallest black hole and more massive than the heaviest neutron star. The mysterious object was spotted in our Milky Way galaxy, which was found at a site 40,000 light years away from Earth.&nbsp;

The discovery has baffled astronomers who are studying the differentiation between a neutron star and a black hole, both of which are born when a massive star dies.&nbsp;

The object was first detected inside a dense globule of stars named NGC 1851, using the MeerKAT Radio Telescope. The findings of the new cosmic object were published on January 18 in the journal Science.

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<h2>Newly found cosmic object falls within a neutron star and a black hole&nbsp;</h2>

Researchers suggest that the new object falls within the historical “mass gap” between black holes and neutron stars. This means it can be either of the one.&nbsp;

"Either possibility for the nature of the companion is exciting," lead author Ben Stappers, a professor of astrophysics at The University of Manchester in the UK, said in a statement.&nbsp;

"A pulsar-black hole system will be an important target for testing theories of gravity and a heavy neutron star will provide new insights in nuclear physics at very high densities."

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Both black holes and neutron stars are corpses of massive dead stars that die in violent explosions called supernovas.

Though both are born in the same way, these objects are poles apart when it comes to their internal wiring and masses. But the lightest black hole and the heaviest neutron star can look similar from far away, which is why scientists have yet to declare their verdict.

For most of astronomy's history, scientists could only spot neutron stars as heavy as twice the mass of the sun and black holes as light as five solar masses, leaving everything in between a mystery.&nbsp;

The gap between the two, known as the mass gap, was finally crossed in 2019 when the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected space-time ripples indicative of a light black hole or heavy neutron star falling somewhere between the two.&nbsp;

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What the object could be a massive neutron star the lightest black hole, or maybe some other exotic star husk, is still unclear. The researchers are still probing what could help uncover this mystery.&nbsp;

"Uncovering the true nature of the companion will be a turning point in our understanding of neutron stars, black holes, and whatever else might be lurking in the black hole mass gap", said co-author Arunima Dutta, a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany.

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have discovered a new cosmic object that is surprisingly lighter than the smallest black hole and more massive than the heaviest neutron star. The mysterious object was spotted in our Milky Way galaxy, which was found at a site 40,000 light years away from Earth.

Scientists have discovered a new cosmic object that is surprisingly lighter than the smallest black hole and more massive than the heaviest neutron star. The mysterious object was spotted in our Milky Way galaxy, which was found at a site 40,000 light years away from Earth. The discovery has baffled astronomers who are studying the differentiation between a neutron star and a black hole, both of which are born when a massive star dies. The object was first detected inside a dense globule of stars named NGC 1851, using the MeerKAT Radio Telescope. The findings of the new cosmic object were published on January 18 in the journal Science. Also Read | Mars equator hiding giant slabs of ice with enough water to cover the entire planet Newly found cosmic object falls within a neutron star and a black hole Researchers suggest that the new object falls within the historical “mass gap” between black holes and neutron stars. This means it can be either of the one. "Either possibility for the nature of the companion is exciting," lead author Ben Stappers, a professor of astrophysics at The University of Manchester in the UK, said in a statement. "A pulsar-black hole system will be an important target for testing theories of gravity and a heavy neutron star will provide new insights in nuclear physics at very high densities." Also Read | Can pig livers help humans with liver failure? THIS experiment raises hopes for animal-to-human transplants Both black holes and neutron stars are corpses of massive dead stars that die in violent explosions called supernovas. Though both are born in the same way, these objects are poles apart when it comes to their internal wiring and masses. But the lightest black hole and the heaviest neutron star can look similar from far away, which is why scientists have yet to declare their verdict. For most of astronomy's history, scientists could only spot neutron stars as heavy as twice the mass of the sun and black holes as light as five solar masses, leaving everything in between a mystery. The gap between the two, known as the mass gap, was finally crossed in 2019 when the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected space-time ripples indicative of a light black hole or heavy neutron star falling somewhere between the two. Also Read | Astrobotic loses contact with Peregrine lunar lander What the object could be a massive neutron star the lightest black hole, or maybe some other exotic star husk, is still unclear. The researchers are still probing what could help uncover this mystery. "Uncovering the true nature of the companion will be a turning point in our understanding of neutron stars, black holes, and whatever else might be lurking in the black hole mass gap", said co-author Arunima Dutta, a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany. (With inputs from agencies)

Lightest black hole or heaviest neutron star? This object 40,000 light years away could be either

Researchers have identified the oldest black hole ever observed, dating from the beginning of the universe, and determined that it is 'eating' its host galaxy to death. The study, published in the journal Nature, used the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to locate the black hole, which formed 400 million years after the Big Bang, more than 13 billion years ago.

Universe's oldest black hole about 1.6 mn times mass of sun dicovered

How is a black hole formed? In the simplest language, a black hole is born when a star dies. Now, astronomers have claimed that they might have just witnessed the birth of such a black hole in a major first. This is huge for the scientific community worldwide as it directly links the death of a star to the formation of a black hole-like compact object.

“Our research is like solving a puzzle by gathering all possible evidence,” Ping Chen, a researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, and lead author of a study published in Nature, was quoted as saying by Cosomos Magazine.

<h2>How did it start?</h2>

It started with the discovery of a super bright object in space, called SN 2022jli. The object, located some 76 million years away, was discovered by a South African amateur astronomer, Berto Monard. Soon it was confirmed that they had their eyes set on a supernova. A supernova occurs just as a star is breathing its last, or when a black hole is about to form.

Supernovas are hard to study because they are impossible to predict and quickly disappear.

<h2>How SN 2022jli startled scientists?</h2>

SN 2022jli didn’t play by the normal space rules. Usually, a supernova starts out bright but fades gradually. In SN 2022jli’s case, the supernova had its share of ups and downs, switching from bright to dim and back to bright within days.

“In SN 2022jli’s data we see a repeating sequence of brightening and fading,” says Thomas Moore, a scientist from Queen’s University Belfast, whose study of the supernova was published last year in the Astrophysical Journal.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/parasite-black-holes-devouring-stars-from-inside-says-study-670146">Also read:&nbsp;Parasite black holes devouring stars from inside, says study</a>

“This is the first time that repeated periodic oscillations, over many cycles, have been detected in a supernova light curve,” Moore added.

<h2>Possible explanation for this anomaly</h2>

Scientists believe that a surviving second star from the supernova explosion is responsible for revealing the compact object. They theorise that either a black hole or neutron star is gulping hydrogen from its companion's 'puffy' atmosphere, a process known as accretion. The resulting energy waves detected by researchers correspond to these oscillations.

Watch:&nbsp;ISRO launches XPoSat to study black hole emissions

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“The unprecedented properties of SN 2022jli tell that whatever happens in the system should be a rare phenomenon, which might be explained by the rarity of a bound binary system surviving a supernova explosion,” the researchers wrote in their Nature paper.

(With inputs from agencies)

How is a black hole formed? In the simplest language, a black hole is born when a star dies. Now, astronomers have claimed that they might have just witnessed the birth of such a black hole in a major first.

How is a black hole formed? In the simplest language, a black hole is born when a star dies. Now, astronomers have claimed that they might have just witnessed the birth of such a black hole in a major first. This is huge for the scientific community worldwide as it directly links the death of a star to the formation of a black hole-like compact object. “Our research is like solving a puzzle by gathering all possible evidence,” Ping Chen, a researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, and lead author of a study published in Nature, was quoted as saying by Cosomos Magazine. How did it start? It started with the discovery of a super bright object in space, called SN 2022jli. The object, located some 76 million years away, was discovered by a South African amateur astronomer, Berto Monard. Soon it was confirmed that they had their eyes set on a supernova. A supernova occurs just as a star is breathing its last, or when a black hole is about to form. Supernovas are hard to study because they are impossible to predict and quickly disappear. How SN 2022jli startled scientists? SN 2022jli didn’t play by the normal space rules. Usually, a supernova starts out bright but fades gradually. In SN 2022jli’s case, the supernova had its share of ups and downs, switching from bright to dim and back to bright within days. “In SN 2022jli’s data we see a repeating sequence of brightening and fading,” says Thomas Moore, a scientist from Queen’s University Belfast, whose study of the supernova was published last year in the Astrophysical Journal. Also read: Parasite black holes devouring stars from inside, says study “This is the first time that repeated periodic oscillations, over many cycles, have been detected in a supernova light curve,” Moore added. Possible explanation for this anomaly Scientists believe that a surviving second star from the supernova explosion is responsible for revealing the compact object. They theorise that either a black hole or neutron star is gulping hydrogen from its companion's 'puffy' atmosphere, a process known as accretion. The resulting energy waves detected by researchers correspond to these oscillations. Watch: ISRO launches XPoSat to study black hole emissions × “The unprecedented properties of SN 2022jli tell that whatever happens in the system should be a rare phenomenon, which might be explained by the rarity of a bound binary system surviving a supernova explosion,” the researchers wrote in their Nature paper. (With inputs from agencies)

Missing link between a supernova and a black hole is finally revealed

Could a black hole be lurking inside our sun? Well if it does then what is its impact well our next report tells you what scientists make of this new interesting discovery on black holes.

There maybe small black hole inside some stars

One of the largest reservoirs of water, and perhaps the oldest, has been discovered, but not on Earth. According to scientists, it is floating in space.

Researchers say that it is the largest reservoir ever detected in the universe, as the mass of water is at least 140 trillion times more than all of the water in the Earth's oceans combined.

The discovery was made by two teams of astronomers led by scientists at Caltech.

<h2>Took 12 billion light years to reach Earth&nbsp;</h2>

However, it is less likely to be seen through a telescope as this body of water is surrounded by a massive feeding black hole known as a quasar, located more than 12 billion light years away.

Quasars are the blazing centres of active galaxies and are powered by a supermassive black hole feeding on humungous quantities of gas.

"The environment around this quasar is unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water,” Matt Bradford, a scientist at NASA' Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), said, according to UNILAD news outlet.

"It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times."

The astronomers discovered water after examining a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which is said to harbour a black hole 20 billion times more massive than our Sun and believed to produce as much energy as a thousand trillion Suns.

<h2>Possibility of water in the early universe&nbsp;</h2>

This particular quasar showed water vapour being distributed around the black hole in a gas region spanning hundreds of light-years.

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The discovery of water, per se, in the universe has not surprised scientists, as traces of water are also found elsewhere in the Milky Way. However, most of it is frozen in ice.

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But what took the scientists aback was the presence of water in the early universe.

They hope to learn more about the distant universe and those in the study proposed a 25-meter telescope to be built in the Atacama Desert in Chile.

(With inputs from agencies)

One of the largest reservoirs of water, and perhaps the oldest, has been discovered, but not on Earth. According to scientists, it is floating in space. Researchers say that it is the largest reservoir ever detected in the universe, as the mass of water is at least 140 trillion times more than all of the water in the Earth's oceans combined.

One of the largest reservoirs of water, and perhaps the oldest, has been discovered, but not on Earth. According to scientists, it is floating in space. Researchers say that it is the largest reservoir ever detected in the universe, as the mass of water is at least 140 trillion times more than all of the water in the Earth's oceans combined. The discovery was made by two teams of astronomers led by scientists at Caltech. Took 12 billion light years to reach Earth However, it is less likely to be seen through a telescope as this body of water is surrounded by a massive feeding black hole known as a quasar, located more than 12 billion light years away. Quasars are the blazing centres of active galaxies and are powered by a supermassive black hole feeding on humungous quantities of gas. "The environment around this quasar is unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water,” Matt Bradford, a scientist at NASA' Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), said, according to UNILAD news outlet. "It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times." The astronomers discovered water after examining a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which is said to harbour a black hole 20 billion times more massive than our Sun and believed to produce as much energy as a thousand trillion Suns. Possibility of water in the early universe This particular quasar showed water vapour being distributed around the black hole in a gas region spanning hundreds of light-years. Also read | Majestic meteor showers triggered by comet debris to light up sky. Check when to watch The discovery of water, per se, in the universe has not surprised scientists, as traces of water are also found elsewhere in the Milky Way. However, most of it is frozen in ice. Also read | As a teenager, the tyrannosaur only ate baby dinosaurs, and a fossil is proof But what took the scientists aback was the presence of water in the early universe. They hope to learn more about the distant universe and those in the study proposed a 25-meter telescope to be built in the Atacama Desert in Chile. (With inputs from agencies)

'Water reservoir' larger than all of Earth's oceans found floating around black hole

Astronomers have detected the oldest black hole ever observed, with around a million times the mass of the Sun. Citing observations published in Arxiv, a report by The Guardian on Sunday (Dec 10) said that the black hole dates back more than 13 billion years to the dawn of the universe.

Astronomers have detected the oldest black hole ever observed, with around a million times the mass of the Sun. Citing observations published in Arxiv, a report by The Guardian on Sunday (Dec 10) said that the black hole dates back more than 13 billion years to the dawn of the universe. The observations, made by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), reveal it to be at the heart of a galaxy 440 million years after the big bang. The observations of the GN-z11 galaxy, push the origins of this mystery back to black holes’ infancy and suggest that they were either born big or ballooned extremely rapidly early on, the report said. There is no direct image of the black hole captured, which is unseeable as no light can escape it. However, astronomers found telltale signatures of its accretion disk, the halo of gas and dust that swirls around the cosmic sinkhole. A puzzle that seems to be deepening Professor Roberto Maiolino, an astrophysicist at the University of Cambridge, who led the observations, said, “The surprise is in it being so very massive. That was the most unexpected thing.” Also read: A strange star near Milky Way's black hole may have extra-galactic origin: Study Professor Andrew Pontzen from University College London (UCL), who was not involved in the research, said the observations suggested that some black holes instead grew at a tremendous rate in the young universe, far faster than expected. "Understanding where the black holes came from in the first place has always been a puzzle, but now that puzzle seems to be deepening," Professor Pontzen told the publication. The observations are the latest in a series of stunning discoveries by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) space observatory. What is a black hole? According to NASA, a black hole is an astronomical object with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape it. Its surface is called the event horizon which defines the boundary where the velocity needed to escape exceeds the speed of light, which is the speed limit of the cosmos. "Two main classes of black holes have been extensively observed. Stellar-mass black holes with three to dozens of times the Sun’s mass are spread throughout our Milky Way galaxy, while supermassive monsters weighing 100,000 to billions of solar masses are found in the centres of most big galaxies, ours included," NASA said. Once formed, black holes can grow by accreting matter that falls into them, including gas stripped from neighbouring stars and even other black holes. (With inputs from agencies)

Astronomers detect oldest black hole ever observed. It's a million times the mass of Sun: Report

The Milky Way galaxy, home to Earth, the Sun and billions of other celestial bodies has a supermassive black hole. The black hole, with its unimaginably massive gravitational pull, holds the entire galaxy together, which in turn, revolves around the black hole (Sagittarius A*).

The closer a celestial body is to the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, more is its velocity in space as it revolves around the Sagittarius A* black hole. The immediate vicinity of the black hole is a massively chaotic place where stars are hurtling about at speeds of thousands of kilometres per second. These are called S-stars.

Scientists believed that since the vicinity of the black hole was such a chaotic place, the process of star formation can't take place and hence the S-stars must have come there from elsewhere.

But a mysterious star near the black hole piqued scientific interest and a study has said that the star did not come there from other parts of the Milky Way galaxy but may have come from outside of the galaxy itself!

Watch | NASA satellites discover a 6-planet in-sync solar system

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A team of researchers, led by astrophysicist Shogo Nishiyama from Miyagi University of Education studied this S-star in question. They carefully observed the star, designated S-06, for eight years.

A spectrum emitted by a star gives clue about its chemical profile. This in turn leads to conclusions about the star's age. Older stars tend to have less amount of heavy elements.

The team of scientists, as reported by ScienceAlert, found that S-06 was 10 billion years old based on analysis of its spectrum.

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It is reportedly held by scientists that S-stars generally have similar chemical profile. But the chemical profile of S-06 was found to be different than other S-stars near the centre of the Milky Way.

Not only this. The chemical profile suggests that S-06 may have come from outside Milky Way galaxy.

Our galaxy has devoured many smaller galaxies along the way during its life. But a star from such a galaxy would find its way to the absolute centre, is something that's interesting.

Watch | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/watch-rare-elusive-red-sprite-snapped-astronaut-captures-unique-view-from-iss-667142">Rare, elusive 'red sprite' snapped: Astronaut captures unique view from ISS</a>

More research however, is needed to conclusively confirm the possibility that S-06 has extra-galactic origin.

The study, as reported by ScienceAlert, has been published in &nbsp;Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B.

(With inputs from agencies)

The Milky Way galaxy, home to Earth, the Sun and billions of other celestial bodies has a supermassive black hole. The black hole, with its unimaginably massive gravitational pull, holds the entire galaxy together, which in turn, revolves around the black hole (Sagittarius A*).

The Milky Way galaxy, home to Earth, the Sun and billions of other celestial bodies has a supermassive black hole. The black hole, with its unimaginably massive gravitational pull, holds the entire galaxy together, which in turn, revolves around the black hole (Sagittarius A*). The closer a celestial body is to the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, more is its velocity in space as it revolves around the Sagittarius A* black hole. The immediate vicinity of the black hole is a massively chaotic place where stars are hurtling about at speeds of thousands of kilometres per second. These are called S-stars. Scientists believed that since the vicinity of the black hole was such a chaotic place, the process of star formation can't take place and hence the S-stars must have come there from elsewhere. But a mysterious star near the black hole piqued scientific interest and a study has said that the star did not come there from other parts of the Milky Way galaxy but may have come from outside of the galaxy itself! Watch | NASA satellites discover a 6-planet in-sync solar system × A team of researchers, led by astrophysicist Shogo Nishiyama from Miyagi University of Education studied this S-star in question. They carefully observed the star, designated S-06, for eight years. A spectrum emitted by a star gives clue about its chemical profile. This in turn leads to conclusions about the star's age. Older stars tend to have less amount of heavy elements. The team of scientists, as reported by ScienceAlert, found that S-06 was 10 billion years old based on analysis of its spectrum. Also Read | Halley’s Comet is gearing up for a return journey towards us. The wait is quite long though It is reportedly held by scientists that S-stars generally have similar chemical profile. But the chemical profile of S-06 was found to be different than other S-stars near the centre of the Milky Way. Not only this. The chemical profile suggests that S-06 may have come from outside Milky Way galaxy. Our galaxy has devoured many smaller galaxies along the way during its life. But a star from such a galaxy would find its way to the absolute centre, is something that's interesting. Watch | Rare, elusive 'red sprite' snapped: Astronaut captures unique view from ISS More research however, is needed to conclusively confirm the possibility that S-06 has extra-galactic origin. The study, as reported by ScienceAlert, has been published in Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B. (With inputs from agencies)

A strange star near Milky Way's black hole may have extra-galactic origin: Study

In a new study, scientists have found that the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, which is located at the centre of our galaxy, has been spinning rapidly as well as altering space-time around it. Space-time is the four-dimensional continuum which describes how we see space while fusing three-dimensional space and one-dimensional time together to represent the space fabric that curves while responding to massive celestial bodies.

The black hole, which is located at a distance of 26,000 light-years from Earth, was observed by a team of physicists with NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, a telescope which has been designed for detecting the X-ray emissions from hot regions of the universe.&nbsp;

The scientists calculated the rotational speed of Sagittarius A*’s with the help of the outflow method which observes the radio waves and X-ray emissions which is present in the material and gases surrounding black holes, also known as the accretion disk, as per the study published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/black-holes-dont-gobble-up-everything-just-consume-3-of-what-they-suck-study-655023">Black holes don’t gobble up everything, consume just 3% of what they suck: Study</a>

The researchers stated that the black hole is spinning which is leading to the Lense-Thirring effect, also known as frame dragging. The effect takes place when space-time is dragged by a black hole along with its spin, explained lead study author Ruth Daly, who is also a physics professor at Penn State University and designed the outflow method nearly a decade ago.

<h2>How worrisome is the altering of space-time?</h2>

After the outflow method's invention, Daly has been working to understand the spin of various black holes and wrote a study which explored nearly 750 supermassive black holes in 2019.&nbsp;

“With this spin, Sagittarius A* will be dramatically altering the shape of space-time in its vicinity. We’re used to thinking and living in a world where all the spatial dimensions are equivalent — the distance to the ceiling and the distance to the wall and the distance to the floor … they all sort of are linear, it’s not like one is totally squished up compared to the others," Daly said, as reported by CNN.

Watch:&nbsp;New evidence suggests size of the Sun could be smaller, says report

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“But if you have a rapidly rotating black hole, the space-time around it is not symmetric — the spinning black hole is dragging all of the space-time around with it … it squishes down the space-time, and it sort of looks like a football,” she added.&nbsp;

Daly confirmed that there is nothing to worry about the altering of space-time but illuminating this phenomenon can be helpful to astronomers.

“It’s a wonderful tool to understand the role that black holes play in galaxy formation and evolution. The fact that they’re dynamical entities which can be spinning … and then that can impact the galaxy that this is sitting in — it’s very exciting and very interesting," she said.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a new study, scientists have found that the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, which is located at the centre of our galaxy, has been spinning rapidly as well as altering space-time around it.

In a new study, scientists have found that the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, which is located at the centre of our galaxy, has been spinning rapidly as well as altering space-time around it. Space-time is the four-dimensional continuum which describes how we see space while fusing three-dimensional space and one-dimensional time together to represent the space fabric that curves while responding to massive celestial bodies. The black hole, which is located at a distance of 26,000 light-years from Earth, was observed by a team of physicists with NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, a telescope which has been designed for detecting the X-ray emissions from hot regions of the universe. The scientists calculated the rotational speed of Sagittarius A*’s with the help of the outflow method which observes the radio waves and X-ray emissions which is present in the material and gases surrounding black holes, also known as the accretion disk, as per the study published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Also read: Black holes don’t gobble up everything, consume just 3% of what they suck: Study The researchers stated that the black hole is spinning which is leading to the Lense-Thirring effect, also known as frame dragging. The effect takes place when space-time is dragged by a black hole along with its spin, explained lead study author Ruth Daly, who is also a physics professor at Penn State University and designed the outflow method nearly a decade ago. How worrisome is the altering of space-time? After the outflow method's invention, Daly has been working to understand the spin of various black holes and wrote a study which explored nearly 750 supermassive black holes in 2019. “With this spin, Sagittarius A* will be dramatically altering the shape of space-time in its vicinity. We’re used to thinking and living in a world where all the spatial dimensions are equivalent — the distance to the ceiling and the distance to the wall and the distance to the floor … they all sort of are linear, it’s not like one is totally squished up compared to the others," Daly said, as reported by CNN. Watch: New evidence suggests size of the Sun could be smaller, says report “But if you have a rapidly rotating black hole, the space-time around it is not symmetric — the spinning black hole is dragging all of the space-time around with it … it squishes down the space-time, and it sort of looks like a football,” she added. Daly confirmed that there is nothing to worry about the altering of space-time but illuminating this phenomenon can be helpful to astronomers. “It’s a wonderful tool to understand the role that black holes play in galaxy formation and evolution. The fact that they’re dynamical entities which can be spinning … and then that can impact the galaxy that this is sitting in — it’s very exciting and very interesting," she said. (With inputs from agencies)

Supermassive black hole in our galaxy spinning rapidly, altering space-time around it: Scientists

In a groundbreaking discovery, NASA researchers have identified an ancient galaxy in the early universe that hosts an actively feeding central black hole.

This black hole is remarkably massive, accounting for approximately half of the galaxy's total mass.

This finding challenges existing theories about the formation of supermassive black holes and sheds light on the early stages of galactic evolution.

The research relied on data from the James Webb Space Telescope, which allowed scientists to identify some of the earliest galaxies known in the universe.

These galaxies existed less than a billion years after the Big Bang, and researchers were particularly interested in whether supermassive black holes were present at that early stage.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/skygazers-alert-taurid-meteor-shower-will-peak-this-weekend-with-brightest-fireballs-in-sky-656019">Also read |&nbsp;Skygazers alert! Taurid meteor shower will peak this weekend with brightest 'fireballs' in sky</a>

<h2>X-ray clues</h2>

To search for supermassive black holes, the team turned to the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

When supermassive black holes are actively feeding, they emit intense X-ray radiation. Among the 11 early galaxies identified, one stood out: UHZ1, magnified nearly fourfold by gravitational lensing.

The X-rays emitted from this galaxy were significantly higher than the background, indicating the presence of an active galactic nucleus powered by a supermassive black hole.

Understanding the Eddington Limit is crucial in comprehending these findings. The Eddington Limit determines the maximum rate at which a black hole can consume material from its surroundings.

This limit is governed by the energy loss as matter falls into the black hole, radiating energy that can prevent further accretion. It essentially restricts a black hole's feeding rate.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/beam-me-up-scotty-scientists-to-use-sci-fi-beam-to-get-rid-of-real-space-junk-655715">Also read |&nbsp;'Beam me up, Scotty': Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk</a>

By considering the energy emitted by the black hole in UHZ1, assuming it feeds at the Eddington Limit, researchers estimated a lower limit on its mass, which was found to be at least 107 times the mass of the Sun. This indicates that the black hole in UHZ1 constitutes around half of the galaxy's total mass.

This discovery challenges existing theories about how supermassive black holes form. There have been two main hypotheses: one suggests that the first stars were exceptionally large and formed unusually large black holes, which grew rapidly through mergers and gas accretion. The alternative theory proposes that supermassive black holes formed very early in the universe through the direct collapse of dense gas clouds.

Calculations suggest that for the black hole in UHZ1 to reach its size through the direct collapse of a gas cloud, it would need to feed at the Eddington Limit for its entire history.

If it formed from a supernova, it would need to feed at twice the Eddington Limit. This emphasises the remarkable nature of the UHZ1 black hole's existence.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a groundbreaking discovery, NASA researchers have identified an ancient galaxy in the early universe that hosts an actively feeding central black hole. This black hole is remarkably massive, accounting for approximately half of the galaxy's total mass.

In a groundbreaking discovery, NASA researchers have identified an ancient galaxy in the early universe that hosts an actively feeding central black hole. This black hole is remarkably massive, accounting for approximately half of the galaxy's total mass. This finding challenges existing theories about the formation of supermassive black holes and sheds light on the early stages of galactic evolution. The research relied on data from the James Webb Space Telescope, which allowed scientists to identify some of the earliest galaxies known in the universe. These galaxies existed less than a billion years after the Big Bang, and researchers were particularly interested in whether supermassive black holes were present at that early stage. Also read | Skygazers alert! Taurid meteor shower will peak this weekend with brightest 'fireballs' in sky X-ray clues To search for supermassive black holes, the team turned to the Chandra X-ray Observatory. When supermassive black holes are actively feeding, they emit intense X-ray radiation. Among the 11 early galaxies identified, one stood out: UHZ1, magnified nearly fourfold by gravitational lensing. The X-rays emitted from this galaxy were significantly higher than the background, indicating the presence of an active galactic nucleus powered by a supermassive black hole. Understanding the Eddington Limit is crucial in comprehending these findings. The Eddington Limit determines the maximum rate at which a black hole can consume material from its surroundings. This limit is governed by the energy loss as matter falls into the black hole, radiating energy that can prevent further accretion. It essentially restricts a black hole's feeding rate. Also read | 'Beam me up, Scotty': Scientists to use sci-fi beam to get rid of real space junk By considering the energy emitted by the black hole in UHZ1, assuming it feeds at the Eddington Limit, researchers estimated a lower limit on its mass, which was found to be at least 107 times the mass of the Sun. This indicates that the black hole in UHZ1 constitutes around half of the galaxy's total mass. This discovery challenges existing theories about how supermassive black holes form. There have been two main hypotheses: one suggests that the first stars were exceptionally large and formed unusually large black holes, which grew rapidly through mergers and gas accretion. The alternative theory proposes that supermassive black holes formed very early in the universe through the direct collapse of dense gas clouds. Calculations suggest that for the black hole in UHZ1 to reach its size through the direct collapse of a gas cloud, it would need to feed at the Eddington Limit for its entire history. If it formed from a supernova, it would need to feed at twice the Eddington Limit. This emphasises the remarkable nature of the UHZ1 black hole's existence. (With inputs from agencies)

Oldest black hole was formed 470 million years after Big Bang, and it has just been found

Our Milky Way Galaxy has billions of stars and planets. And at the centre, there is a supermassive black hole with unimaginable gravity that's holding the entire mass of stars and planets in place. And scientists have now found that the supermassive black hole is spinning incredibly fast.

Before we get there, a little conceptual understanding.

When we stand on the surface of the Earth, our weight isn't just determined by gravity but also by the centrifugal force generated by Earth's rotation. The centrifugal force tries to 'fling' us off the Earth but gravity, acting in opposite direction, glues us to the surface. The presence of this centrifugal force means that our weight at the equator is slightly less than that at the poles. The difference is 0.3 per cent. In the universe, everything that can rotate has a maximum rate of rotation.

The rule applies to black holes as well. But the key difference is, like planets, black holes do not have a physical surface. But they still have maximum rotation rate.&nbsp;

Due to its huge gravity, black hole distorts the spacetime fabric around it. The rotation of a black hole is defined in terms of this distortion.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/ancient-supervolcano-in-us-believe-to-contain-huge-lithium-deposits-that-can-transform-the-world-635907">This ancient supervolcano is a treasure trove of lithium. Here's why it matters</a>

In Einstein's equation of general relativity, the spin of a black hole is denoted by a property 'a' which can either have a value 0 or 1. Zero denotes least spin while 1 denotes maximum spin.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/californias-supervolcano-shows-signs-of-activity-over-2000-earthquakes-rumble-beneath-valley-650724">California's supervolcano shows signs of activity, over 2,000 earthquakes rumble beneath valley</a>

According to a report in ScienceAlert, a team of scientists analysed radio and X-Ray observations of the black hole to estimate the spin.

The team found that the 'a'&nbsp;value of our black hole is between 0.84 and 0.96. The value is very close to 1, that is, the maximal speed. The scientists have hence underlined incredible rotational spin of the black hole at the centre of our galaxy. 
 
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Our Milky Way Galaxy has billions of stars and planets. And at the centre, there is a supermassive black hole with unimaginable gravity that's holding the entire mass of stars and planets in place.

Our Milky Way Galaxy has billions of stars and planets. And at the centre, there is a supermassive black hole with unimaginable gravity that's holding the entire mass of stars and planets in place. And scientists have now found that the supermassive black hole is spinning incredibly fast. Before we get there, a little conceptual understanding. When we stand on the surface of the Earth, our weight isn't just determined by gravity but also by the centrifugal force generated by Earth's rotation. The centrifugal force tries to 'fling' us off the Earth but gravity, acting in opposite direction, glues us to the surface. The presence of this centrifugal force means that our weight at the equator is slightly less than that at the poles. The difference is 0.3 per cent. In the universe, everything that can rotate has a maximum rate of rotation. The rule applies to black holes as well. But the key difference is, like planets, black holes do not have a physical surface. But they still have maximum rotation rate. Due to its huge gravity, black hole distorts the spacetime fabric around it. The rotation of a black hole is defined in terms of this distortion. Also Read | This ancient supervolcano is a treasure trove of lithium. Here's why it matters In Einstein's equation of general relativity, the spin of a black hole is denoted by a property 'a' which can either have a value 0 or 1. Zero denotes least spin while 1 denotes maximum spin. Also Read | California's supervolcano shows signs of activity, over 2,000 earthquakes rumble beneath valley According to a report in ScienceAlert, a team of scientists analysed radio and X-Ray observations of the black hole to estimate the spin. The team found that the 'a' value of our black hole is between 0.84 and 0.96. The value is very close to 1, that is, the maximal speed. The scientists have hence underlined incredible rotational spin of the black hole at the centre of our galaxy. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Milky Way's black hole is spinning incredibly fast, say scientists

Here, we bring you the news that is trending across WION's social media platforms- China approves world's 1st passenger-carrying flying-taxi, Elon Musk announces new rule over revenue share arrangement with X users, Emmanuel Macron promises to amend constitution to make abortion rights, Supermassive black hole blasts 570-light-year-long twisted jet of plasma.

China approves world's 1st flying-taxi; supermassive black hole blasts | Trending on WION

Astronomers have observed that a distant supermassive black hole has been releasing a jet of plasma in the shape of twisted rope and blasting it out like a monstrous cosmic spider at near-light speed. 
 
The spectacular sight was witnessed by the astronomers using a network of radio telescopes, which included the RadioAstron space telescope which are combined to create an Earth-sized antenna. 
 
The network was specifically trained by the astronomers to observe the heart of a distant blazar named 3C 279. 
 
"Thanks to RadioAstron and a network of twenty-three radio telescopes distributed across the Earth, we have obtained the highest-resolution image of the interior of a blazar to date, allowing us to observe the internal structure of the jet in such detail for the first time," stated Antonio Fuentes, team leader and a researcher at the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC), in a statement. 
 
Blazars, like the 3C 279, are the bright hearts of galaxies which emit powerful light after they host a feeding supermassive black hole. The black holes, which are present in the centres of galaxies and are actively feeding, continuously churn the matter on which they feast and this material is situated in the form of flattened plates of dust and gas around the voids. These plates are known as "accretion disks." 
 
The 3C 279's new observations reveal unprecedented details of the supermassive black hole and plasma jet at the heart of this blazar.

<h2>Plasma jets are not uniform, appear with&nbsp;twists and turns</h2>

"This is the first time we have seen such filaments so close to the jet’s origin, and they tell us more about how the black hole shapes the plasma," said Eduardo Ros, another member of the team and European scheduler of the Global mm-VLBI Array, in the statement. "This shows how different telescopes can reveal different features of the same object,” he added. 
 
The team further found that the jet was composed of at least two twisted filaments of plasma which stretch nearly 570 light-years from their source. The observations further showed that the plasma jets are not uniform and straight and they show the twists and turns which arise because of the influence of the central black hole. 
 
The helical filaments or twists are because of the instabilities in the plasma jet which is part of the prior theories which imply how these jets evolve may need to be revised. 
 
"One particularly intriguing aspect arising from our results is that they suggest the presence of a helical magnetic field that confines the jet," said Guang-Yao Zhao, one of the members of the team and a scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, in the statement. 
 
"Therefore, it could be the magnetic field, which rotates clockwise around the jet in 3C 279, that directs and guides the jet’s plasma moving at a speed of 0.997 times the speed of light,” he added. 
 
"We are entering an entirely novel terrain in which these filaments can be actually connected to the most intricate processes in the immediate vicinity of the black hole producing the jet," said Andrei Lobanov, one of the members of the team and scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, in the statement.

(With inputs from agencies)

 
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Astronomers have observed that a distant supermassive black hole has been releasing a jet of plasma in the shape of twisted rope and blasting it out like a monstrous cosmic spider at near-light speed.

Astronomers have observed that a distant supermassive black hole has been releasing a jet of plasma in the shape of twisted rope and blasting it out like a monstrous cosmic spider at near-light speed. The spectacular sight was witnessed by the astronomers using a network of radio telescopes, which included the RadioAstron space telescope which are combined to create an Earth-sized antenna. The network was specifically trained by the astronomers to observe the heart of a distant blazar named 3C 279. "Thanks to RadioAstron and a network of twenty-three radio telescopes distributed across the Earth, we have obtained the highest-resolution image of the interior of a blazar to date, allowing us to observe the internal structure of the jet in such detail for the first time," stated Antonio Fuentes, team leader and a researcher at the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC), in a statement. Blazars, like the 3C 279, are the bright hearts of galaxies which emit powerful light after they host a feeding supermassive black hole. The black holes, which are present in the centres of galaxies and are actively feeding, continuously churn the matter on which they feast and this material is situated in the form of flattened plates of dust and gas around the voids. These plates are known as "accretion disks." The 3C 279's new observations reveal unprecedented details of the supermassive black hole and plasma jet at the heart of this blazar. Plasma jets are not uniform, appear with twists and turns "This is the first time we have seen such filaments so close to the jet’s origin, and they tell us more about how the black hole shapes the plasma," said Eduardo Ros, another member of the team and European scheduler of the Global mm-VLBI Array, in the statement. "This shows how different telescopes can reveal different features of the same object,” he added. The team further found that the jet was composed of at least two twisted filaments of plasma which stretch nearly 570 light-years from their source. The observations further showed that the plasma jets are not uniform and straight and they show the twists and turns which arise because of the influence of the central black hole. The helical filaments or twists are because of the instabilities in the plasma jet which is part of the prior theories which imply how these jets evolve may need to be revised. "One particularly intriguing aspect arising from our results is that they suggest the presence of a helical magnetic field that confines the jet," said Guang-Yao Zhao, one of the members of the team and a scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, in the statement. "Therefore, it could be the magnetic field, which rotates clockwise around the jet in 3C 279, that directs and guides the jet’s plasma moving at a speed of 0.997 times the speed of light,” he added. "We are entering an entirely novel terrain in which these filaments can be actually connected to the most intricate processes in the immediate vicinity of the black hole producing the jet," said Andrei Lobanov, one of the members of the team and scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, in the statement. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Supermassive black hole blasts 570-light-year-long twisted jet of plasma

In a breakthrough more than two decades in the making, scientists have identified a supermassive black hole residing in the Messier 87 galaxy, located a staggering 55 million light-years away. This discovery not only confirms the presence of the massive cosmic entity but also sheds light on its spin, providing crucial support for Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.

Black holes represent regions in space where gravity is so overpowering that even light cannot escape. For years, these cosmic enigmas have fascinated and mystified scientists, prompting extensive research into their properties.

This significant discovery is the result of a collaborative effort among researchers who pieced together images from observations conducted worldwide. This newfound evidence, often referred to as the "smoking gun" of the black hole's spin, provides much-needed clarity on this elusive characteristic. According to Igor Chilingaryan, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the find confirms the existence of the black hole and its spin, marking a critical advancement in our understanding of these celestial giants.

Watch |&nbsp;Astronomers capture first direct evidence of black hole spinning

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<h2>Reinforcing Einstein's theory</h2>

The confirmation of a spinning supermassive black hole not only unravels one of the mysteries surrounding these enigmatic objects but also bolsters Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Wystan Benbow, an astrophysicist for the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics who spoke to the Express, highlights the importance of this discovery, as it aligns with the fundamental concept that supermassive black holes possess only two properties: mass and spin. The latter has long presented a challenging measurement task.

Beyond the scientific curiosity it satisfies, this discovery carries broader implications. It promises to enhance our comprehension of how supermassive black holes co-evolve with the galaxies they inhabit, providing a glimpse into the formation and large-scale structure of the universe. As Igor Chilingaryan asserts, this milestone marks a significant moment in astrophysics, with the potential to yield further revelations about our universe.

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In a breakthrough more than two decades in the making, scientists have identified a supermassive black hole residing in the Messier 87 galaxy, located a staggering 55 million light-years away.

In a breakthrough more than two decades in the making, scientists have identified a supermassive black hole residing in the Messier 87 galaxy, located a staggering 55 million light-years away. This discovery not only confirms the presence of the massive cosmic entity but also sheds light on its spin, providing crucial support for Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Black holes represent regions in space where gravity is so overpowering that even light cannot escape. For years, these cosmic enigmas have fascinated and mystified scientists, prompting extensive research into their properties. This significant discovery is the result of a collaborative effort among researchers who pieced together images from observations conducted worldwide. This newfound evidence, often referred to as the "smoking gun" of the black hole's spin, provides much-needed clarity on this elusive characteristic. According to Igor Chilingaryan, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the find confirms the existence of the black hole and its spin, marking a critical advancement in our understanding of these celestial giants. Watch | Astronomers capture first direct evidence of black hole spinning Reinforcing Einstein's theory The confirmation of a spinning supermassive black hole not only unravels one of the mysteries surrounding these enigmatic objects but also bolsters Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Wystan Benbow, an astrophysicist for the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics who spoke to the Express, highlights the importance of this discovery, as it aligns with the fundamental concept that supermassive black holes possess only two properties: mass and spin. The latter has long presented a challenging measurement task. Beyond the scientific curiosity it satisfies, this discovery carries broader implications. It promises to enhance our comprehension of how supermassive black holes co-evolve with the galaxies they inhabit, providing a glimpse into the formation and large-scale structure of the universe. As Igor Chilingaryan asserts, this milestone marks a significant moment in astrophysics, with the potential to yield further revelations about our universe. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

A spinning supermassive black hole found in a distant galaxy reinforces one of Einstein's theories

In a first, astronomers have discovered the first direct evidence which proves the spinning of a black hole.

Astronomers capture first direct evidence of black hole spinning

In a first, astronomers have discovered the first direct evidence which proves the spinning of a black hole. 
 
The observations gave astronomers new insights regarding enigmatic celestial objects, as the scientists focussed on the supermassive black hole which is present at the centre of the neighbouring Messier 87 (M87) galaxy. The Event Horizon Telescope had imaged the shadow of Messier 87 (M87) galaxy. 
 
Just like other supermassive black holes, M87 also features powerful jets which were launched from the poles almost at the speed of light into intergalactic space. 
 
Till now, scientists have believed that cosmic jets are powered by the spinning of a black hole, however, until now they did not have any direct evidence.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/yikes-black-holes-might-be-closer-to-earth-than-we-thought-635052">Yikes! Black holes might be closer to Earth than we thought</a>

Speaking to The Guardian, co-author of the study and the national astronomical observatory of Japan's Dr. Kazuhiro Hada said, “After the success of black hole imaging in this galaxy with the Event Horizon Telescope, whether this black hole is spinning or not has been a central concern among scientists. Now anticipation has turned into certainty. This monster black hole is indeed spinning.” 
 
Lead author of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Dr Ru-Sen Lu said that the scientific community are aware of jets getting ejected from the region surrounding black holes. 
 
"But we still do not fully understand how this happens," said Lu, adding that they need to observe the jet's origin as close as possible to the black hole. 
 
M87, which is located 55 million light years from the Earth, has a black hole which is 6.5 billion times larger than the Sun. As per the scientists, an accretion disk of gas as well as dust swirling on the precipice of the cosmic sinkhole appears beyond the black hole.

<h2>Scientists discover cause behind Black Hole spinning</h2>

According to them, some of these particles fall into the black hole and disappear forever. However, a small fraction gets ejected out from the poles of the black hole at a speed which is more than 99.99 per cent of the speed of light. 
 
As per the study, the scientists observed a recurring 11-year cycle in the jet, which was found to precess near a central point at the black hole's edge. This observation showed a misalignment between the spin axis of the black hole and the accretion disk, because of which the jet moved like a spinning top.

WATCH |&nbsp;Cosmic journey: Space balloons &amp; space station visit part of the tour

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“Detecting this precession provides unequivocal evidence that the supermassive black hole in M87 is indeed spinning, thus enhancing our understanding of the nature of supermassive black holes,” said the authors. 
 
Speaking to The Guardian, an astrophysicist at UCL Dr Ziri Younsi said, “That’s exciting because it’s telling us that it can only precess if the black hole has non-zero spin. It’s an indirect but extremely strong confirmation of spin.”

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In a first, astronomers have discovered the first direct evidence which proves the spinning of a black hole. The observations gave astronomers new insights regarding enigmatic celestial objects, as the scientists focussed on the supermassive black hole which is present at the centre of the neighbouring Messier 87 (M87) galaxy.

In a first, astronomers have discovered the first direct evidence which proves the spinning of a black hole. The observations gave astronomers new insights regarding enigmatic celestial objects, as the scientists focussed on the supermassive black hole which is present at the centre of the neighbouring Messier 87 (M87) galaxy. The Event Horizon Telescope had imaged the shadow of Messier 87 (M87) galaxy. Just like other supermassive black holes, M87 also features powerful jets which were launched from the poles almost at the speed of light into intergalactic space. Till now, scientists have believed that cosmic jets are powered by the spinning of a black hole, however, until now they did not have any direct evidence. ALSO READ | Yikes! Black holes might be closer to Earth than we thought Speaking to The Guardian, co-author of the study and the national astronomical observatory of Japan's Dr. Kazuhiro Hada said, “After the success of black hole imaging in this galaxy with the Event Horizon Telescope, whether this black hole is spinning or not has been a central concern among scientists. Now anticipation has turned into certainty. This monster black hole is indeed spinning.” Lead author of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Dr Ru-Sen Lu said that the scientific community are aware of jets getting ejected from the region surrounding black holes. "But we still do not fully understand how this happens," said Lu, adding that they need to observe the jet's origin as close as possible to the black hole. M87, which is located 55 million light years from the Earth, has a black hole which is 6.5 billion times larger than the Sun. As per the scientists, an accretion disk of gas as well as dust swirling on the precipice of the cosmic sinkhole appears beyond the black hole. Scientists discover cause behind Black Hole spinning According to them, some of these particles fall into the black hole and disappear forever. However, a small fraction gets ejected out from the poles of the black hole at a speed which is more than 99.99 per cent of the speed of light. As per the study, the scientists observed a recurring 11-year cycle in the jet, which was found to precess near a central point at the black hole's edge. This observation showed a misalignment between the spin axis of the black hole and the accretion disk, because of which the jet moved like a spinning top. WATCH | Cosmic journey: Space balloons & space station visit part of the tour “Detecting this precession provides unequivocal evidence that the supermassive black hole in M87 is indeed spinning, thus enhancing our understanding of the nature of supermassive black holes,” said the authors. Speaking to The Guardian, an astrophysicist at UCL Dr Ziri Younsi said, “That’s exciting because it’s telling us that it can only precess if the black hole has non-zero spin. It’s an indirect but extremely strong confirmation of spin.” You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

A star, which is similar to the sun, and is being “repeatedly shredded and consumed” by a black hole around 500m light years away has been spotted by astronomers. 
 
Regular outbursts of light were generated by the dramatic event about every 25 days which was observed by scientists at the University of Leicester. 
 
Generally, black hole outbursts, which are commonly known as tidal disruption events, appear when a star gets consumed by a black hole. However, repeated emissions mean that the star is only partially getting destroyed again and again. 
 
But, in instances which involve repeated eruptions, two types of outbursts take place – those that occur every year and those that take place every few hours, as per the researchers. In this case of repeated shredding of star, the regularity of emissions lay between the two, said the team.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/supermassive-black-holes-may-solve-the-puzzle-of-gravitational-waves-625043">Supermassive black holes may solve the puzzle of gravitational waves</a>

As per the observations, the star, Swift J0230, instead of decaying as expected, used to start shining brightly for seven to 10 days and then switch off abruptly, repeating the process every 25 days.

<h2>Understanding how black holes disrupt orbiting stars</h2>

The researchers stated that their work, which was published in the journal Nature Astronomy, gave a missing link in everyone's understanding of how orbiting stars are disrupted by black holes. 
 
Dr Robert Eyles-Ferris, who submitted his PhD recently at the University of Leicester, said, “In most of the systems we’ve seen in the past, the star is completely destroyed. Swift J0230 is an exciting addition to the class of partially disrupted stars.” 
 
Dr Phil Evans of the University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy and the lead author of the study said, “This is the first time we’ve seen a star like our sun being repeatedly shredded and consumed by a low-mass black hole.”

WATCH |&nbsp;Gravitas: Mars is spinning faster &amp; faster

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Through the models of the Swift J0230 outburst, it was suggested that the star is as big as the sun and is in an elliptical orbit near a low-mass black hole which is at the centre of its galaxy. As per the calculations, material equivalent to the mass of three Earths has been ripped from the atmosphere of Swift J0230 and heated up by falling into the black hole. 
 
The intense heat, which is estimated to be around 2,000,000C (3,600,000F), releases a large amount of X-rays that were first picked up by Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory of NASA. As per the estimate of the researchers, the black hole is around 10,000 to 100,000 times the mass of the sun, which makes it a supermassive black hole in small size.

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A star, which is similar to the sun, and is being “repeatedly shredded and consumed” by a black hole around 500m light years away has been spotted by astronomers.

A star, which is similar to the sun, and is being “repeatedly shredded and consumed” by a black hole around 500m light years away has been spotted by astronomers. Regular outbursts of light were generated by the dramatic event about every 25 days which was observed by scientists at the University of Leicester. Generally, black hole outbursts, which are commonly known as tidal disruption events, appear when a star gets consumed by a black hole. However, repeated emissions mean that the star is only partially getting destroyed again and again. But, in instances which involve repeated eruptions, two types of outbursts take place – those that occur every year and those that take place every few hours, as per the researchers. In this case of repeated shredding of star, the regularity of emissions lay between the two, said the team. ALSO READ | Supermassive black holes may solve the puzzle of gravitational waves As per the observations, the star, Swift J0230, instead of decaying as expected, used to start shining brightly for seven to 10 days and then switch off abruptly, repeating the process every 25 days. Understanding how black holes disrupt orbiting stars The researchers stated that their work, which was published in the journal Nature Astronomy, gave a missing link in everyone's understanding of how orbiting stars are disrupted by black holes. Dr Robert Eyles-Ferris, who submitted his PhD recently at the University of Leicester, said, “In most of the systems we’ve seen in the past, the star is completely destroyed. Swift J0230 is an exciting addition to the class of partially disrupted stars.” Dr Phil Evans of the University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy and the lead author of the study said, “This is the first time we’ve seen a star like our sun being repeatedly shredded and consumed by a low-mass black hole.” WATCH | Gravitas: Mars is spinning faster & faster Through the models of the Swift J0230 outburst, it was suggested that the star is as big as the sun and is in an elliptical orbit near a low-mass black hole which is at the centre of its galaxy. As per the calculations, material equivalent to the mass of three Earths has been ripped from the atmosphere of Swift J0230 and heated up by falling into the black hole. The intense heat, which is estimated to be around 2,000,000C (3,600,000F), releases a large amount of X-rays that were first picked up by Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory of NASA. As per the estimate of the researchers, the black hole is around 10,000 to 100,000 times the mass of the sun, which makes it a supermassive black hole in small size. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Astronomers capture dramatic event of star being ‘repeatedly shredded, consumed’ by black hole

At the University of Nottingham, Professor Silke Weinfurtner is conducting groundbreaking experiments that shed light on the complex laws of physics that govern black holes. She is conducting one such experiment in a high-tech bath tub.

The Guardian reports that Prof. Weinfurtner is a pioneer in the field of analogue gravity, which draws parallels between the mathematics describing fluid systems on Earth and the extreme environments found in the universe. She believes that by studying phenomena in a large, high-tech bath tub, she can unravel the mysteries of black holes.

The bath tub setup has already been used by Prof. Weinfurtner's team to explore Hawking radiation, the process through which black holes are theorised to gradually evaporate and vanish. Now, they are developing a more advanced simulator to gain deeper insights into black hole behaviour.

<h2>Investigating the relation between gravitational fields and quantum fields</h2>

The concept in question here is that the flow of fluid down a plughole mimics the curving of spacetime caused by the intense gravitational field of a black hole. Prof. Weinfurtner highlights that the fundamental principles of physics are universal, and if the mathematics align, physics should follow suit. She considers these analogues as nature's gift, presenting an opportunity to investigate the interaction between gravitational fields and quantum fields—a quest that has captivated physicists for a century.

While individual theories of gravity and quantum mechanics have proven successful in their respective domains, combining them to explain black holes' behaviour has proven elusive. Black holes, where immense mass is concentrated in an infinitesimally small space, bring these two worlds together in a collision that lacks a unifying theoretical framework.

<h2>How the bath tub set up is made?</h2>

In Prof Weinfurtner's new bath tub setup, a tiny vortex within a bell jar of superfluid helium represents the black hole. Cooled to an astonishing -271°C, the helium exhibits quantum effects.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;A new chapter in Indian space odyssey

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Unlike water, which can spin at any speed, the helium vortex can only swirl at fixed values. Ripples on the helium's surface, which are continuously tracked by lasers and a high-resolution camera, simulate radiation approaching a black hole.

<h2>What is superradiance phenomenon being studied by the scientist?</h2>

The upcoming investigations will focus on a phenomenon called superradiance, which predicts that radiation near a black hole can be deflected outwards with more energy than it possessed upon entry, leading to energy extraction and a gradual slowdown of the black hole's rotation. While this phenomenon has only been theorised, Prof Weinfurtner believes that a rotating black hole may exhibit quantum effects akin to those observed in superfluid helium.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indias-chandrayaan-3-is-now-in-space-historic-journey-to-moon-begins-615577">Also read:&nbsp;India`s Chandrayaan-3 is now in space, historic journey to Moon begins</a>

Additionally, the simulator could help make predictions about Hawking radiation and gravitational wave signals generated by merging black holes, detectable by instruments like the LIGO gravitational wave detector.

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At the University of Nottingham, Professor Silke Weinfurtner is conducting groundbreaking experiments that shed light on the complex laws of physics that govern black holes.

At the University of Nottingham, Professor Silke Weinfurtner is conducting groundbreaking experiments that shed light on the complex laws of physics that govern black holes. She is conducting one such experiment in a high-tech bath tub. The Guardian reports that Prof. Weinfurtner is a pioneer in the field of analogue gravity, which draws parallels between the mathematics describing fluid systems on Earth and the extreme environments found in the universe. She believes that by studying phenomena in a large, high-tech bath tub, she can unravel the mysteries of black holes. The bath tub setup has already been used by Prof. Weinfurtner's team to explore Hawking radiation, the process through which black holes are theorised to gradually evaporate and vanish. Now, they are developing a more advanced simulator to gain deeper insights into black hole behaviour. Investigating the relation between gravitational fields and quantum fields The concept in question here is that the flow of fluid down a plughole mimics the curving of spacetime caused by the intense gravitational field of a black hole. Prof. Weinfurtner highlights that the fundamental principles of physics are universal, and if the mathematics align, physics should follow suit. She considers these analogues as nature's gift, presenting an opportunity to investigate the interaction between gravitational fields and quantum fields—a quest that has captivated physicists for a century. While individual theories of gravity and quantum mechanics have proven successful in their respective domains, combining them to explain black holes' behaviour has proven elusive. Black holes, where immense mass is concentrated in an infinitesimally small space, bring these two worlds together in a collision that lacks a unifying theoretical framework. How the bath tub set up is made? In Prof Weinfurtner's new bath tub setup, a tiny vortex within a bell jar of superfluid helium represents the black hole. Cooled to an astonishing -271°C, the helium exhibits quantum effects. Watch: A new chapter in Indian space odyssey × Unlike water, which can spin at any speed, the helium vortex can only swirl at fixed values. Ripples on the helium's surface, which are continuously tracked by lasers and a high-resolution camera, simulate radiation approaching a black hole. What is superradiance phenomenon being studied by the scientist? The upcoming investigations will focus on a phenomenon called superradiance, which predicts that radiation near a black hole can be deflected outwards with more energy than it possessed upon entry, leading to energy extraction and a gradual slowdown of the black hole's rotation. While this phenomenon has only been theorised, Prof Weinfurtner believes that a rotating black hole may exhibit quantum effects akin to those observed in superfluid helium. Also read: India`s Chandrayaan-3 is now in space, historic journey to Moon begins Additionally, the simulator could help make predictions about Hawking radiation and gravitational wave signals generated by merging black holes, detectable by instruments like the LIGO gravitational wave detector. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Understanding black hole through bath tub: UK scientist's groundbreaking experiment

A new study has claimed that time passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today&nbsp;due to dilation in the early universe. The scientists arrived at the conclusion after observing a&nbsp;ferocious class of black holes called quasars.

The study published in&nbsp;the journal Nature Astronomy monitored a sample of 190 quasars for over two decades in multiple wavebands. The observations stretch back to about 12.3 billion years ago when the universe was roughly a tenth of its present age.&nbsp;

The scientists compared the brightness of these 190 quasars, dating to about 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang event to that of&nbsp;quasars existing today. In doing so, they found that certain fluctuations&nbsp;that occur in a particular amount of time today did so five times more slowly in the most ancient quasars.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-discover-supermassive-black-hole-at-heart-of-ancient-galaxy-597137">Also read |&nbsp;Astronomers discover supermassive black hole at the heart of ancient galaxy</a>

“We see things changing about five times slower than today.&nbsp;It’s like watching a movie with the speed turned down," said&nbsp;Geraint Lewis, lead author of the study at the Univesity of Sydney.&nbsp;

"What is observed over time is the quasar brightness. This fluctuates up and down, the result of lots of complicated physics in the disk of matter spinning around a black hole at almost light speed. This change in brightness is not simply a bright, fade, bright, fade. It looks more like the stock market, with small-scale jitters on longer-term changes, with some sharp fluctuations," he added.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nearest-supermassive-black-hole-awakens-from-dormancy-becomes-a-million-times-brighter-scientists-607935">Also read |&nbsp;Nearest supermassive black hole awakens from dormancy, becomes a million times brighter: Scientists</a>

<h2>What are quasars?</h2>

Quasars are supermassive black holes, often situated at the heart of a galaxy, millions to billions of times more massive than our Sun. Quasars are super hungry as they devour any matter in the vicinity by using their immense gravitational pull. They also emit tremendous amounts of radiation, including jets of high-energy particles,&nbsp;while a glowing disk of matter spins around them.

Renowned physicist&nbsp;Albert Einstein, in his general theory of relativity, posited that time and space are intertwined and that&nbsp;the universe has been expanding outward in all directions since the Big Bang. He said astronomers should see ancient cosmic events happen more slowly than modern ones. This effect is known as time dilation and the results published now, further clear his picture of an ever-expanding universe.&nbsp;

WATCH |&nbsp;How our sun will swallow the earth

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It's not to say that the time moved&nbsp;in slow motion back then. If you were to be transported back to that time, a second would still feel like a second to you. However, from the perspective of a person today, a second back then would unfold in five seconds now.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Christopher Nolan's highly-acclaimed movie Interstellar also touched upon the topic of time dilation. For the crew that went near the 'Gargantuan' black hole, time moved incredibly slowly while for those on Earth, it moved as it was supposed to. So while the astronauts near the black hole had only spent a few hours and aged a few hours, those on Earth had experienced an entire lifetime.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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A new study has claimed that time passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today due to dilation in the early universe. The scientists arrived at the conclusion after observing a ferocious class of black holes called quasars.

A new study has claimed that time passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today due to dilation in the early universe. The scientists arrived at the conclusion after observing a ferocious class of black holes called quasars. The study published in the journal Nature Astronomy monitored a sample of 190 quasars for over two decades in multiple wavebands. The observations stretch back to about 12.3 billion years ago when the universe was roughly a tenth of its present age. The scientists compared the brightness of these 190 quasars, dating to about 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang event to that of quasars existing today. In doing so, they found that certain fluctuations that occur in a particular amount of time today did so five times more slowly in the most ancient quasars. Also read | Astronomers discover supermassive black hole at the heart of ancient galaxy “We see things changing about five times slower than today. It’s like watching a movie with the speed turned down," said Geraint Lewis, lead author of the study at the Univesity of Sydney. "What is observed over time is the quasar brightness. This fluctuates up and down, the result of lots of complicated physics in the disk of matter spinning around a black hole at almost light speed. This change in brightness is not simply a bright, fade, bright, fade. It looks more like the stock market, with small-scale jitters on longer-term changes, with some sharp fluctuations," he added. Also read | Nearest supermassive black hole awakens from dormancy, becomes a million times brighter: Scientists What are quasars? Quasars are supermassive black holes, often situated at the heart of a galaxy, millions to billions of times more massive than our Sun. Quasars are super hungry as they devour any matter in the vicinity by using their immense gravitational pull. They also emit tremendous amounts of radiation, including jets of high-energy particles, while a glowing disk of matter spins around them. Renowned physicist Albert Einstein, in his general theory of relativity, posited that time and space are intertwined and that the universe has been expanding outward in all directions since the Big Bang. He said astronomers should see ancient cosmic events happen more slowly than modern ones. This effect is known as time dilation and the results published now, further clear his picture of an ever-expanding universe. WATCH | How our sun will swallow the earth It's not to say that the time moved in slow motion back then. If you were to be transported back to that time, a second would still feel like a second to you. However, from the perspective of a person today, a second back then would unfold in five seconds now. Christopher Nolan's highly-acclaimed movie Interstellar also touched upon the topic of time dilation. For the crew that went near the 'Gargantuan' black hole, time moved incredibly slowly while for those on Earth, it moved as it was supposed to. So while the astronauts near the black hole had only spent a few hours and aged a few hours, those on Earth had experienced an entire lifetime. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Scientists witness 'time dilation' in early universe, claims new research

Scientists have discovered two super massive black holes merging in distant galaxies. NASA has also recorded the sound emitted by the super massive black holes. What does a black hole sound like? Molly Gambhir tells you more.

Gravitas: Scientists reveal the sound of a super massive black hole

Astronomers across the world announce that they have found the first evidence of a long-theorised form of gravitational waves that create a background hum rumbling throughout the universe. The breakthrough was made by hundreds of scientists using radio telescopes in North America, Europe, China, India and Australia after years of work.

Monster gravitational waves spotted for the first time

In a remarkable revelation, scientists have observed that our closest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has emerged from a prolonged state of dormancy and intensified its luminosity by a factor of a million.

Situated at the core of the Milky Way, this black hole is approximately four million times more massive than the Sun. Previously considered quiescent, it suddenly displayed heightened activity around 200 years ago, devouring cosmic objects that ventured too close, reported the Independent.

The resulting surge in brightness occurred rapidly, analogous to a hidden glow-worm in a forest instantly radiating sunlight, according to researchers. While the precise cause of this awakening remains unknown, scientists are dedicated to studying the black hole's behaviour in order to unravel the factors that trigger such transitions from quiescence to activity.

<h2>Unveiling the extraordinary event</h2>

Scientists recently made a groundbreaking discovery by detecting an X-ray "echo" from centuries ago, shedding light on the intense event surrounding Sagittarius A*.

This finding also provides an explanation for the brilliant luminosity observed in galactic molecular clouds surrounding the black hole. It is suggested that these clouds are reflecting the X-rays emitted by the black hole during the early 19th century. The remarkable research, published in the journal Nature under the title "X-ray polarisation evidence for a 200 years-old flare of Sgr A*," unveils insights into this unprecedented phenomenon.

Also read |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indian-astronaut-to-fly-to-international-space-station-in-2024-what-does-it-mean-for-gaganyaan-607731"> Indian astronaut to fly to International Space Station in 2024. What does it mean for Gaganyaan?</a>

<h2>Overcoming past limitations</h2>

The examination of X-rays in this manner had previously been unattainable. However, scientists achieved this feat through the utilisation of NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), which enhanced their ability to detect X-ray light with remarkable precision and specificity. This technological advancement allowed for a deeper understanding of the characteristics and behaviour of the supermassive black hole.

<h2>Continued exploration and unanswered questions</h2>

Despite the groundbreaking discoveries surrounding Sagittarius A*'s sudden surge in activity, the precise cause behind its awakening remains a puzzle. Researchers are committed to further investigating the black hole and its transition from quiescence to gain insights into the mechanisms that drive such transformations. By unravelling the mysteries surrounding the behaviour of black holes, scientists hope to deepen our understanding of these enigmatic cosmic entities.

The recent awakening of Sagittarius A* has profound implications for the field of astrophysics. Understanding the triggers that cause black holes to transition from dormancy to activity can provide crucial insights into the processes governing their evolution and behaviour. Additionally, studying the X-ray emissions and their effects on surrounding galactic structures offers valuable information for comprehending the interplay between black holes and their cosmic environments.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-to-team-up-with-nasa-for-joint-mission-to-iss-report-607356">India to team up with NASA for joint mission to ISS: Report</a>

The startling resurgence of activity in our nearest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has captivated scientists and astronomers alike. Through the utilisation of advanced technology, researchers have uncovered the echoes of an intense event that occurred around two centuries ago, shedding light on the bright glow observed in galactic molecular clouds. With the aid of NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, scientists are delving into the intricate nature of black holes, seeking to unravel the mysteries surrounding their dormant and active states.&nbsp;

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In a remarkable revelation, scientists have observed that our closest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has emerged from a prolonged state of dormancy and intensified its luminosity by a factor of a million.

In a remarkable revelation, scientists have observed that our closest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has emerged from a prolonged state of dormancy and intensified its luminosity by a factor of a million. Situated at the core of the Milky Way, this black hole is approximately four million times more massive than the Sun. Previously considered quiescent, it suddenly displayed heightened activity around 200 years ago, devouring cosmic objects that ventured too close, reported the Independent. The resulting surge in brightness occurred rapidly, analogous to a hidden glow-worm in a forest instantly radiating sunlight, according to researchers. While the precise cause of this awakening remains unknown, scientists are dedicated to studying the black hole's behaviour in order to unravel the factors that trigger such transitions from quiescence to activity. Unveiling the extraordinary event Scientists recently made a groundbreaking discovery by detecting an X-ray "echo" from centuries ago, shedding light on the intense event surrounding Sagittarius A*. This finding also provides an explanation for the brilliant luminosity observed in galactic molecular clouds surrounding the black hole. It is suggested that these clouds are reflecting the X-rays emitted by the black hole during the early 19th century. The remarkable research, published in the journal Nature under the title "X-ray polarisation evidence for a 200 years-old flare of Sgr A*," unveils insights into this unprecedented phenomenon. Also read | Indian astronaut to fly to International Space Station in 2024. What does it mean for Gaganyaan? Overcoming past limitations The examination of X-rays in this manner had previously been unattainable. However, scientists achieved this feat through the utilisation of NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), which enhanced their ability to detect X-ray light with remarkable precision and specificity. This technological advancement allowed for a deeper understanding of the characteristics and behaviour of the supermassive black hole. Continued exploration and unanswered questions Despite the groundbreaking discoveries surrounding Sagittarius A*'s sudden surge in activity, the precise cause behind its awakening remains a puzzle. Researchers are committed to further investigating the black hole and its transition from quiescence to gain insights into the mechanisms that drive such transformations. By unravelling the mysteries surrounding the behaviour of black holes, scientists hope to deepen our understanding of these enigmatic cosmic entities. The recent awakening of Sagittarius A* has profound implications for the field of astrophysics. Understanding the triggers that cause black holes to transition from dormancy to activity can provide crucial insights into the processes governing their evolution and behaviour. Additionally, studying the X-ray emissions and their effects on surrounding galactic structures offers valuable information for comprehending the interplay between black holes and their cosmic environments. Also read | India to team up with NASA for joint mission to ISS: Report The startling resurgence of activity in our nearest supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, has captivated scientists and astronomers alike. Through the utilisation of advanced technology, researchers have uncovered the echoes of an intense event that occurred around two centuries ago, shedding light on the bright glow observed in galactic molecular clouds. With the aid of NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, scientists are delving into the intricate nature of black holes, seeking to unravel the mysteries surrounding their dormant and active states. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Nearest supermassive black hole awakens from dormancy, becomes a million times brighter: Scientists 

A team of researchers, led by Chinese scientists has managed to simulate the physics of black holes by using quantum computing. They said the test was an attempt toward creating systems that have properties 'analogous to black holes'. They also&nbsp;tested a theory devised by renowned&nbsp;physicist Stephen Hawking.&nbsp;

The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Communications this month.&nbsp;The scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin University, the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences and the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research in Japan took Hawking's hypothesis on 'Hawking radiation' as the basis for the study.&nbsp;

They stimulated the quantum effects of black holes with&nbsp;superconducting quantum chips. The team of researchers, during the experiment, developed "superconducting processor consisting of a chain of 10 qubits with interaction couplings controlled by nine tunable couplers", according to SCMP.&nbsp;

“The results show that there is always a certain probability that the quasiparticle inside the analogue black hole will radiate through the event horizon, and its radiation probability satisfies the property of Hawking radiation,” the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said in an article on research progress.

The scientists added that their research paves way for unearthing much deeper secrets about black holes.&nbsp;

“This new constructed analogue black hole then facilitates further investigations of other related problems of the black hole,” the team wrote.&nbsp;

<h2>What is Hawking radiation?&nbsp;</h2>

The British theoretical physicist gave the&nbsp;theory that very tiny particles, the building blocks of matter, spontaneously come into existence across the 'not-so-empty' universe. These virtual particle pairs (for every electron created, a positron will be created at the same time and in the same place) upon creation, quickly annihilate each other and the universe goes on about its business as usual.&nbsp;

However, when a particle and anti-particle (the pair as we previously called it) come into existence near the event horizon of a black hole, Hawking posited that one gets sucked in and the other does not, meaning they wouldn't annihilate. The split leaves one half of every pair to escape as actual radiation called 'Hawking radiation'.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-ultramassive-black-hole-that-can-fit-30-billion-suns-577144">Also read |&nbsp;Scientists discover ultramassive black hole that can fit 30 billion suns&nbsp;</a>

<h2>How are black holes formed?</h2>

Most black holes are formed when stars reach the end of their lives. While a significant number of stars inflate to become red giants, they later cool down to&nbsp;metamorphose into a white dwarf. However, those much bigger than our solar system's star (10 to 20 times massive) become super-dense neutron stars or so-called stellar-mass black holes.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/wion-fineprint-scientists-discover-the-first-invisible-black-hole-499287">WATCH |&nbsp;WION Fineprint | Scientists discover the first 'invisible' Black Hole</a>

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<h2>First black hole picture&nbsp;</h2>

It was four years ago that scientists first captured the rare image of a black hole,&nbsp;situated at the centre of the galaxy M87, located 53 million light-years from Earth.&nbsp;

In April, using artificial intelligence (AI), scientists were able to give a major touch-up to the cosmic photograph.&nbsp;The image captured by the Event Horizons Telescope (EHT) in 2019 revealed a blurry, red-orange fiery, doughnut-shaped object.

The updated picture using AI shows the same shape of the black hole, albeit with a much sharper resolution. Meaning, the ring around the black hole appears skinnier and centre, much 'darker'.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

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A team of researchers, led by Chinese scientists has managed to simulate the physics of black holes by using quantum computing. They said the test was an attempt toward creating systems that have properties 'analogous to black holes'.

A team of researchers, led by Chinese scientists has managed to simulate the physics of black holes by using quantum computing. They said the test was an attempt toward creating systems that have properties 'analogous to black holes'. They also tested a theory devised by renowned physicist Stephen Hawking. The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Communications this month. The scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin University, the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences and the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research in Japan took Hawking's hypothesis on 'Hawking radiation' as the basis for the study. They stimulated the quantum effects of black holes with superconducting quantum chips. The team of researchers, during the experiment, developed "superconducting processor consisting of a chain of 10 qubits with interaction couplings controlled by nine tunable couplers", according to SCMP. “The results show that there is always a certain probability that the quasiparticle inside the analogue black hole will radiate through the event horizon, and its radiation probability satisfies the property of Hawking radiation,” the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said in an article on research progress. The scientists added that their research paves way for unearthing much deeper secrets about black holes. “This new constructed analogue black hole then facilitates further investigations of other related problems of the black hole,” the team wrote. What is Hawking radiation? The British theoretical physicist gave the theory that very tiny particles, the building blocks of matter, spontaneously come into existence across the 'not-so-empty' universe. These virtual particle pairs (for every electron created, a positron will be created at the same time and in the same place) upon creation, quickly annihilate each other and the universe goes on about its business as usual. However, when a particle and anti-particle (the pair as we previously called it) come into existence near the event horizon of a black hole, Hawking posited that one gets sucked in and the other does not, meaning they wouldn't annihilate. The split leaves one half of every pair to escape as actual radiation called 'Hawking radiation'. Also read | Scientists discover ultramassive black hole that can fit 30 billion suns How are black holes formed? Most black holes are formed when stars reach the end of their lives. While a significant number of stars inflate to become red giants, they later cool down to metamorphose into a white dwarf. However, those much bigger than our solar system's star (10 to 20 times massive) become super-dense neutron stars or so-called stellar-mass black holes. WATCH | WION Fineprint | Scientists discover the first 'invisible' Black Hole × First black hole picture It was four years ago that scientists first captured the rare image of a black hole, situated at the centre of the galaxy M87, located 53 million light-years from Earth. In April, using artificial intelligence (AI), scientists were able to give a major touch-up to the cosmic photograph. The image captured by the Event Horizons Telescope (EHT) in 2019 revealed a blurry, red-orange fiery, doughnut-shaped object. The updated picture using AI shows the same shape of the black hole, albeit with a much sharper resolution. Meaning, the ring around the black hole appears skinnier and centre, much 'darker'. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Chinese scientists simulate black hole using quantum computing, test Hawking's theory

Scientists have claimed that if Earth ever fell into a black hole – the scariest feature of the universe which has such intense gravity that even light fails to get out – then the human body is likely to turn into the shape of a "long pasta". 
 
Black holes are known to gobble up the surrounding dust and gas, along with the planets and even other black holes nearby. They are often called "destructive monsters"&nbsp;as they have the capacity to tear apart stars and consume anything that comes close&nbsp;to it. With light being&nbsp;its captive, if Earth fall into the black hole, it would have little chance to escape either. 
 
Explaining the scary situation to the Daily Mail, Professor of Physics at the University of Sussex Xavier Calmet said that the black hole's gravitational force would become so strong that the humans will experience "spaghettification".

ALSO READ |<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-discover-supermassive-black-hole-at-heart-of-ancient-galaxy-597137">&nbsp;Astronomers discover supermassive black hole at the heart of ancient galaxy</a>

“Your body will be stretched into a shape similar to that of a long pasta until it is reaped apart by the strong gravitational force,” said Professor Calmet. “I can't imagine that this would be pleasant – it would happen rather quickly, so if painful, it is unlikely to last long,” he added. 
 
Meanwhile, Imperial College London's senior lecturer Dr David L Clements said, “The end of the Earth would likely be quick if it fell into a black hole. It could come from asphyxiation if the atmosphere is stripped, or from the process called spaghettification where tidal forces stretch everything out into long strings – may be briefly painful.” 
 
He added that, thankfully, Earth's chances of getting swallowed by a black hole are almost “nearly zero”. “The fact that we’re still here shows that this hasn’t happened over the whole history of the Earth,” he said while speaking to Daily Mail. 
 
“So the chances are at least less than once every 4.5 billion years and likely much much less,” he added. The black hole nearest to the Earth is called Gaia BH1 and is around 1,600 light-years away. It is 10 times bigger than the size of our sun, stated experts.

<h2>JWST to observe black holes in Cycle-2</h2>

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in Cycle-2 is set to uncover the secrets of black holes.

WATCH |&nbsp;Aliens saying `hello` through signals from centre of Milky Way, suggests new study

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The scientists will use the telescope to further study black holes as astronomers make efforts to find possible runaway supermassive black holes, understand AGN feedback's impact on star formation at cosmic noon, and find the Obscured Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in the Epoch of Reionisation. 
 
JWST will remain focused on the black hole present in the centre of the Milky Way galaxy Sgr A to observe&nbsp;its inner accretion flow in an effort to better understand the science behind a black hole's formation.

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Scientists have claimed that if Earth ever fell into a black hole – the scariest feature of the universe which has such intense gravity that even light fails to get out – then the human body is likely to turn into the shape of a "long pasta".

Scientists have claimed that if Earth ever fell into a black hole – the scariest feature of the universe which has such intense gravity that even light fails to get out – then the human body is likely to turn into the shape of a "long pasta". Black holes are known to gobble up the surrounding dust and gas, along with the planets and even other black holes nearby. They are often called "destructive monsters" as they have the capacity to tear apart stars and consume anything that comes close to it. With light being its captive, if Earth fall into the black hole, it would have little chance to escape either. Explaining the scary situation to the Daily Mail, Professor of Physics at the University of Sussex Xavier Calmet said that the black hole's gravitational force would become so strong that the humans will experience "spaghettification". ALSO READ | Astronomers discover supermassive black hole at the heart of ancient galaxy “Your body will be stretched into a shape similar to that of a long pasta until it is reaped apart by the strong gravitational force,” said Professor Calmet. “I can't imagine that this would be pleasant – it would happen rather quickly, so if painful, it is unlikely to last long,” he added. Meanwhile, Imperial College London's senior lecturer Dr David L Clements said, “The end of the Earth would likely be quick if it fell into a black hole. It could come from asphyxiation if the atmosphere is stripped, or from the process called spaghettification where tidal forces stretch everything out into long strings – may be briefly painful.” He added that, thankfully, Earth's chances of getting swallowed by a black hole are almost “nearly zero”. “The fact that we’re still here shows that this hasn’t happened over the whole history of the Earth,” he said while speaking to Daily Mail. “So the chances are at least less than once every 4.5 billion years and likely much much less,” he added. The black hole nearest to the Earth is called Gaia BH1 and is around 1,600 light-years away. It is 10 times bigger than the size of our sun, stated experts. JWST to observe black holes in Cycle-2 The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in Cycle-2 is set to uncover the secrets of black holes. WATCH | Aliens saying `hello` through signals from centre of Milky Way, suggests new study The scientists will use the telescope to further study black holes as astronomers make efforts to find possible runaway supermassive black holes, understand AGN feedback's impact on star formation at cosmic noon, and find the Obscured Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in the Epoch of Reionisation. JWST will remain focused on the black hole present in the centre of the Milky Way galaxy Sgr A to observe its inner accretion flow in an effort to better understand the science behind a black hole's formation. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Human body will stretch 'like a long pasta' if Earth ever falls into black hole, claim scientists

Astronomers obtained the first image of a strong jet being propelled into intergalactic space from the edge of a black hole's event horizon.&nbsp;The event horizon is a black hole's spherical outer edge, which is sometimes referred to as its "surface."&nbsp;

According to NASA, at the black hole event horizon, the gravitational pull is so strong that not even light can escape from it.&nbsp;Black holes are still a subject of active research, and scientists are trying to understand their nature and the role they play in shaping the universe.

The event horizon jets are among the brightest phenomena in the cosmos, and research of the black hole at the heart of the galaxy Messier 87 (M87) may help explain how they are made.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/former-fox-news-host-tucker-carlson-takes-dig-at-us-media-586500">Former Fox News host Tucker Carlson takes dig at US media</a>

“We know that jets are ejected from the region surrounding black holes, but we still do not fully understand how this actually happens,” said Dr Ru-Sen Lu, the lead author of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, reported Guardian.&nbsp;“To study this we need to observe the origin of the jet as close as possible to the black hole.”

Supermassive black holes are found in the heart of the majority of galaxies. These objects serve as cosmic sinkholes, permanently suckling anything that crosses their event horizon.

A lot of black holes also shoot out strong, nearly-light-speed jets of matter from their poles.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/argentina-moves-away-from-us-dollar-for-trade-in-chinese-currency-586465">Argentina moves away from US dollar for trade in Chinese currency</a>

The most recent observations were taken in 2018 with telescopes from the Global Millimetre VLBI Array (GMVA), the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and the Greenland Telescope (GLT).&nbsp;

The galaxy M87, 55 million light-years away and home to a black hole 6.5 billion times as big as the sun, is the target.

According to scientists, the black hole's spin powers the jets. But it's unclear exactly where the jets are coming from. According to theory, they could be anchored just outside the event horizon.

Although it does not specifically identify the source, the new image which was published in Nature, shows the jet's base interacting with the material whirling around a supermassive black hole.

Watch | Gemini Sankaran, pioneer of Indian Circus dies at age of 99 in Kerala's Kannur

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Dr Kazunori Akiyama&nbsp;of MIT’s Haystack Observatory, who developed the imaging software used to visualise the black hole said, “This is the first image where we are able to pin down where the ring is, relative to the powerful jet escaping out of the central black hole."&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Now we can start to address questions such as how particles are accelerated and heated, and many other mysteries around the black hole, more deeply.”

Dr Ziri Younsi, an astrophysicist at University College London, termed the images of the jets “really exciting." “It’s another important piece of the story of how black holes power jets.”

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Astronomers obtained the first image of a strong jet being propelled into intergalactic space from the edge of a black hole's event horizon. The event horizon is a black hole's spherical outer edge, which is sometimes referred to as its "surface.

Astronomers obtained the first image of a strong jet being propelled into intergalactic space from the edge of a black hole's event horizon. The event horizon is a black hole's spherical outer edge, which is sometimes referred to as its "surface." According to NASA, at the black hole event horizon, the gravitational pull is so strong that not even light can escape from it. Black holes are still a subject of active research, and scientists are trying to understand their nature and the role they play in shaping the universe. The event horizon jets are among the brightest phenomena in the cosmos, and research of the black hole at the heart of the galaxy Messier 87 (M87) may help explain how they are made. Also Read | Former Fox News host Tucker Carlson takes dig at US media “We know that jets are ejected from the region surrounding black holes, but we still do not fully understand how this actually happens,” said Dr Ru-Sen Lu, the lead author of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, reported Guardian. “To study this we need to observe the origin of the jet as close as possible to the black hole.” Supermassive black holes are found in the heart of the majority of galaxies. These objects serve as cosmic sinkholes, permanently suckling anything that crosses their event horizon. A lot of black holes also shoot out strong, nearly-light-speed jets of matter from their poles. Also Read | Argentina moves away from US dollar for trade in Chinese currency The most recent observations were taken in 2018 with telescopes from the Global Millimetre VLBI Array (GMVA), the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and the Greenland Telescope (GLT). The galaxy M87, 55 million light-years away and home to a black hole 6.5 billion times as big as the sun, is the target. According to scientists, the black hole's spin powers the jets. But it's unclear exactly where the jets are coming from. According to theory, they could be anchored just outside the event horizon. Although it does not specifically identify the source, the new image which was published in Nature, shows the jet's base interacting with the material whirling around a supermassive black hole. Watch | Gemini Sankaran, pioneer of Indian Circus dies at age of 99 in Kerala's Kannur × Dr Kazunori Akiyama of MIT’s Haystack Observatory, who developed the imaging software used to visualise the black hole said, “This is the first image where we are able to pin down where the ring is, relative to the powerful jet escaping out of the central black hole." “Now we can start to address questions such as how particles are accelerated and heated, and many other mysteries around the black hole, more deeply.” Dr Ziri Younsi, an astrophysicist at University College London, termed the images of the jets “really exciting." “It’s another important piece of the story of how black holes power jets.” WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Images of black hole show fast-moving jet leaving from edge

Four years after scientists captured the rare image of a black hole, situated at the centre of the galaxy M87, located 53 million light-years from Earth, artificial intelligence has given a major touch-up to the cosmic photograph.&nbsp;

The image captured by the Event Horizons Telescope (EHT) in 2019 revealed a blurry, red-orange fiery, doughnut-shaped object. The updated picture using AI has been published in the&nbsp;Astrophysical Journal Letters which shows the same shape of the black hole, albeit with a much sharper resolution. Meaning, the ring around the black hole appears skinnier and centre, much 'darker'.&nbsp;

To provide a better image, the scientists used PRIMO, a dictionary-learning-based algorithm that used simulations of the accretion disk as a training set.&nbsp;

"By learning the correlations between the different regions of the space of interferometric data, this approach allows us to recover high-fidelity images even in the presence of sparse coverage and reach the nominal resolution of the EHT array," stated the new research.

<h2>AI filled the gaps&nbsp;</h2>

When the image was released in 2019, it was a monumental feat, for it was the first time humanity had seen what an actual black hole looked like. It was made using the EHT which employs&nbsp;numerous synchronized radio telescopes situated across the planet, forming one giant telescope, roughly the size of the Earth.

However, despite an Earth-sized telescope working night and day, gaps remained in the data. The scientists using AI relied on the same data but filled the gaps using machine learning.&nbsp;

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<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-supermassive-blackhole-has-changed-direction-and-now-facing-earth-say-scientists-576080">ALSO READ |&nbsp;A supermassive blackhole has changed direction and now facing Earth, say scientists</a>

At first glance, the black hole picture might confuse a layman. However, the picture captured is the same as shown in Interstellar — an Oscar-winning movie that simulated a black hole with remarkable accuracy.&nbsp;

In the movie, the black hole, named Gargantuan was&nbsp;shown from the plane of the accretion disk, while the one&nbsp;captured by the EHT shows it in an angular way, up from the poles.

<h2>Black hole captured at the centre of our galaxy</h2>

While scientists captured the image of a black hole situated in a distant galaxy, three years later, they released an image of another&nbsp;supermassive black hole called Sagittarius A* (pronounced “Sagittarius A-star”, and abbreviated as Sgr A*) — this time&nbsp;situated in the heart of our Milky Way galaxy.&nbsp;

Both images of the black holes were similar but the scientists said capturing&nbsp;Sgr A* was much more difficult.&nbsp;

“The gas in the vicinity of the black holes moves at the same speed — nearly as fast as light —&nbsp;around both Sgr A* and M87*. But where gas takes days to weeks to orbit the larger M87*, in the much smaller Sgr A* it completes an orbit in mere minutes. This means the brightness and pattern of the gas around Sgr A* was changing rapidly as the EHT Collaboration was observing it — a bit like trying to take a clear picture of a puppy quickly chasing its tail," said&nbsp;EHT scientist Chi-kwan (‘CK’) Chan.&nbsp;

Most black holes are formed when stars reach the end of their lives. While a significant number of stars inflate to become red giants, they later cool down to&nbsp;metamorphose into a white dwarf. However, those much bigger than our solar system's star (10 to 20 times massive) become super-dense neutron stars or so-called stellar-mass black holes.

(With inputs from agencies) 
 
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Four years after scientists captured the rare image of a black hole, situated at the centre of the galaxy M87, located 53 million light-years from Earth, artificial intelligence has given a major touch-up to the cosmic photograph.

Four years after scientists captured the rare image of a black hole, situated at the centre of the galaxy M87, located 53 million light-years from Earth, artificial intelligence has given a major touch-up to the cosmic photograph. The image captured by the Event Horizons Telescope (EHT) in 2019 revealed a blurry, red-orange fiery, doughnut-shaped object. The updated picture using AI has been published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters which shows the same shape of the black hole, albeit with a much sharper resolution. Meaning, the ring around the black hole appears skinnier and centre, much 'darker'. To provide a better image, the scientists used PRIMO, a dictionary-learning-based algorithm that used simulations of the accretion disk as a training set. "By learning the correlations between the different regions of the space of interferometric data, this approach allows us to recover high-fidelity images even in the presence of sparse coverage and reach the nominal resolution of the EHT array," stated the new research. AI filled the gaps When the image was released in 2019, it was a monumental feat, for it was the first time humanity had seen what an actual black hole looked like. It was made using the EHT which employs numerous synchronized radio telescopes situated across the planet, forming one giant telescope, roughly the size of the Earth. However, despite an Earth-sized telescope working night and day, gaps remained in the data. The scientists using AI relied on the same data but filled the gaps using machine learning. ALSO READ | A supermassive blackhole has changed direction and now facing Earth, say scientists At first glance, the black hole picture might confuse a layman. However, the picture captured is the same as shown in Interstellar — an Oscar-winning movie that simulated a black hole with remarkable accuracy. In the movie, the black hole, named Gargantuan was shown from the plane of the accretion disk, while the one captured by the EHT shows it in an angular way, up from the poles. Black hole captured at the centre of our galaxy While scientists captured the image of a black hole situated in a distant galaxy, three years later, they released an image of another supermassive black hole called Sagittarius A* (pronounced “Sagittarius A-star”, and abbreviated as Sgr A*) — this time situated in the heart of our Milky Way galaxy. Both images of the black holes were similar but the scientists said capturing Sgr A* was much more difficult. “The gas in the vicinity of the black holes moves at the same speed — nearly as fast as light — around both Sgr A* and M87*. But where gas takes days to weeks to orbit the larger M87*, in the much smaller Sgr A* it completes an orbit in mere minutes. This means the brightness and pattern of the gas around Sgr A* was changing rapidly as the EHT Collaboration was observing it — a bit like trying to take a clear picture of a puppy quickly chasing its tail," said EHT scientist Chi-kwan (‘CK’) Chan. Most black holes are formed when stars reach the end of their lives. While a significant number of stars inflate to become red giants, they later cool down to metamorphose into a white dwarf. However, those much bigger than our solar system's star (10 to 20 times massive) become super-dense neutron stars or so-called stellar-mass black holes. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Scientists re-release first image of black hole with AI makeover. Watch

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